Long Island's beach-nesting shorebird habitat protection and management of a vulnerable resource

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

draft

QLL683.L66L66 1991

LONG ISLAND'S BEACH-NESTING SHOREBIRD HABITAT:

ProtectiON and management of a vulnerable resource

prepared by:

New York state department of state
Division of coastal resources and
Waterfront revialization

and

The Nature conservancy

QL april 1991
683
.L66

L66
1991

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A special thanks is extended to Carl Safina, John Zarudsky, Bill
Kolodnicki, and Larry Penny for all their assistance. Greg
This report is the result of a joint effort by the New York State Capobianco and Kevin Cross (DOS) assisted with proofing and
Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront editing throughout the document. Computer support was provided
Revitalization (DOS) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC). by William Cross (DOS), who made printing this document
Preparation of this report was funded in part by the Office of possible.
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, with a grant provided under the Without the years of data compiled by the Seatuck Research
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The Nature Program, this report would have been impossible. A very
Conservancy's field work for preparation of this report was appreciative thanks is extended to past and present staff and
partially funded by the Zoos, Botanical Gardens and Aquariums volunteers of this very fine, and enduring, organization.
Program, which is administered by the New York State Office of
Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for the Natural The following are acknowledged for granting permission to use
Heritage Trust. Additional funding for The Nature Conservancy's copyrighted materials:
Plover and Tern Stewards was provided by the Return A Gift to
Wildlife Fund, administered by the New York State Department William T. Fox (author) and Clare Walker Leslie (illustrator) of "At
of Environmental Conservation. the Sea's Edge" (1983) for Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5 in Chapter One,
reprinted by permission of the publisher, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Many individuals contributed to production of this document. Englewood Cliffs, NJ; and
Under the supervision of Karene Motivans of the Long Island and
South Fork-Shelter Island Chapters of The Nature Conservancy, Stephen P. Leatherman's "Barrier Island Handbook" (1982) for
early drafts of Chapters Two, Three, Four, and Five were Figures 4 and 6 in Chapter One.
prepared by Peter Polshek. Ed LaRue and Sharon Dougherty,
TNC plover and tern stewards, drafted most of the site specific
narratives and maps in Chapter Seven. Karene Motivans also
prepared some site narratives and maps, in addition to compiling
most of the information in the appendices.

Amy Lester, of the New York Field Office of The Nature
Conservancy, and Tom Hart, of the Department of State's
Division of Coastal Resources and waterfront Revitalization, wrote
the final report. Format and layout of the final report were done
by Tom Hart. Final maps were prepared by Greg Capobianco
(DOS) and Tom Hart. Regional index maps were provided by
John Ozard of the Department of Environmental Conservation.

Many individuals helped proof -read site specific narratives; most
are acknowledged as "contacts" for "their" sites in Chapter Seven.

LONG ISLAND'S BEACH- NESTING SHOREBIRD HABITAT:
A Guide to Protection and Management of a Vulnerable Resource 4.0 Adverse Impacts on Beach-nesting Shorebirds ........ 22
4.1 Coastal Land Development
Acknowledgements ................................ i 4.2 Recreational Uses
Table of Contents ................................ ii 4.3 Dredging Operations
4.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation
Introduction ...................................... 1 4.5 Vegetation Succession
4.6 Flooding
1.0 Coastal Processes ........... *'*'*''****'*'****'* 4
1.1 Glacial History and Geology 5.0 Reducing Adverse Impacts ...................... 25
1.2 Climate and Weather 5.1 Coastal Land Development
1.3 Waves and Currents 5.2 Recreational Use
1.4 Spit Formation 5.3 Dredging Operations
1.5 Development of Salt Marshes and Coastal Salt Ponds 5.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation
1.6 Dune Growth and Stabilization 5.5 Vegetation Succession
1.7 Formation of Barrier Islands 5.6 Flooding
1.8 Migration of Dunes and Barrier Islands
1.9 Adverse Impacts of Shoreline Structures 6.0 Existing Responsibilities for Resource Management 33
6.1 Federal Agencies
2.0 Habitat Descriptions and Functions ................ 10 6.2 State Agencies
2.1 Maritime Sand Beaches and Dunes 6.3 County Agencies
2.2 Salt Marshes and Salt Marsh Islands 6.4 City, Town, and Village
2.3 Dredge Material Deposition Sites
2.4 Intertidal Beaches and Mudflats 7.0 Site Narratives and Maps ........................ 39
2.5 Subtidal Marine Deep Waters Queens and Nassau Counties ................... 43
2.6 Subtidal Estuarine Deep Waters/Tidal Rivers Babylon, Islip, Huntington, Smithtown ........... 83
2.7 Coastal Salt Ponds Brookhaven and Riverhead ................... 109
2.8 Freshwater Ponds Southampton ............................. 127
East Hampton ...... 161
3.0 Species Biology ............................... 14 Shelter Island and Southold ................... 179
3.1 Species Distribution and Population Status
3.2 Species Descriptions 8.0 Appendices ................................. 205
3.3 Arrival on Long Island 8.1 Species Referenced by Common Name
3.4 Nesting 8.2 Public Agencies
3.5 Care and Feeding of Chicks 8.3 Private Organizations
3.6 Responses of Adults to Disturbance 8.4 References
3.7 Foraging Habitats and Strategies
3.8 Migration and Winter Habitat Ranges

INTRODUCTION document to develop economic justifications for the conservation
and management of Long Island's coastal habitats and species; it
Despite the explosion of human population growth on Long Island is based on the premise that these resources are of immeasurable
since World War 11, this 120 mile long and 25 mile wide island, value and must be protected.
with a 1989 population of seven million, continues to make major
contributions to the natural diversity of New York State and the Purpose
northeastern United States. Astonishing gems of natural
communities, such as Nassau County's 18 acre remnant of the The purpose of this document is to focus on protection of a
Hempstead Plains grassland and Suffolk County's extensive dwarf particular aspect of Long Island's coastal ecosystem, that of
pine barrens, have survived the onslaughts of commercial and essential habitat for four species of endangered and threatened
residential development. Long Island is a stronghold for the rare beach-nesting birds: Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus), Least
sandplain gerardia (Agalinis acuta), a diminutive annual plant Terns (Sterna antillarum), Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii), and
whose purplish-pink blossoms open for only a few hours before Common Terns (Sterna hirundo). These species require access to
wilting and falling from their stems. But perhaps the most and use of several coastal habitats for breeding and raising young.
remarkable, and resilient, of Long Island's natural resources is its Their use of these areas is seasonal, and they can tolerate varying
1,475-mile shoreline, which includes long, finger-like barrier levels of concurrent human use throughout the breeding season.
islands with extensive beach and dune systems, large and small Protection of habitats critical to the continued survival of these
estuaries where fresh water meets salt water, protected bays with birds does not mean the permanent exclusion of humans from
tidal salt marshes and submerged eelgrass meadows, and these areas; it will, however, require education and cooperation of
freshwater and saltwater coastal ponds. users and regulators to ensure that human activities occur in a
manner compatible with protection of significant habitats and
This coastal ecosystem provides the resource base for many species.
industries: commercial fisheries, recreation, harbors and ports, and
second-home development. Ironically, the very resources that Under provisions of NYS's Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal
support and provide opportunities for this economic growth and Resources Act, Executive Law (Article 42), the Coastal
human prosperity are threatened with severe degradation, Management Program of the NYS Department of State's (DOS)
including extirpation of species and natural habitats, by such Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization has
development. Economists and analysts have created complex worked with the Department of Environmental Conservation's
formulas for determining "dollars and cents" values of growth and (DEC) Significant Habitats Unit to identify, describe, and map
development to local municipalities, business and industry, and the "significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats" on Long Island.
general public. It has proven to be a far more difficult and, Although many designated significant habitats are not areas used
perhaps, impossible task to figure out "dollars and cents" values of by beach-nesting birds, more than half of the designated sites on
a natural tidal salt marsh, an undisturbed sandy beach, and a wild Long Island are based on their use by plovers and terns. Some
Piping Plover. Yet, unquestionably, the existence of high quality sites addressed in this report were not among the initial set of sites
examples of these natural resources does have value to humans, designated by DOS as significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats,
both economically and spiritually. It is not the purpose of this usually because of lack of confirmed reports of use by plovers and

PAGE I

terns at the time the designations were proposed and finalized. Chapter Seven comprises the substance of this report. Over 140
This repori tr, @ [email protected] these sites as no less "significant" than designated sites used for nesting by plovers and/or terns are each described
sites, and provides data to justify designation in the future. and mapped in a standard format and includes a summary of
information on current and historical use, condition of habitat,
This report is a"i, -d to serve as an ecological primer for and threats to the habitat. Although federal, state regulators and
citizens, conservation oiL,..@dzations, local legislators, municipal local planning and zoning boards are usually aware of the
officials, zoning boards, and other interested individuals and ecological significance of many of these sites, they often do not
organizations. It focuses on protection of habitats essential to have first-hand knowledge or detailed enough information at their
survival of Piping Plovers and Least, Roseate, and Common Terns. fingertips about a particular site to make an informed decision on
While it is not intended to be a complete treatise about the birds an activity requiring a state permit. These "site specific"
and their habitats, this report attempts a comprehensive overview, narratives may help them make more informed decisions.
summarizing critical information about the birds, their habitat
requirements, and the natural and human forces that influence the Data from a variety of sources were used to complete the site
character and quality of their habitats. specific narratives and maps. Most of the information on numbers
of nesting birds comes from the Seatuck Research Program's
Structure annual Long Island Piping Plover and Colonial Waterbird Surveys.
Most of the information on land ownership and threats to the
Chapters One through Seven are generic in nature. Chapter One habitats was compiled by staff of the Long Island and South Fork
provides basic information on the coastal processes that formed - Shelter Island Chapters of The Nature Conservancy. Biologists
Long Island's barrier beaches, bays, and salt marshes. Chapter of DEC's Region I office in Stony Brook, staff and volunteers of
Two describes nesting and foraging habitats that plovers and terns the National Audubon Society and local Audubon chapters, and
depend on for survival and reproduction on Long Island. Chapter several town employees also contributed significantly to the site
Three presents relevant life history information on the four bird specific narratives.
species of concern. Chapter Four addresses threats, both natural
and human-caused, that degrade and destroy vital habitats, This report closes with Appendices that provide contact lists of
thereby reducing the birds' chances for a successful breeding people, organizations, and agencies involved in protection of Long
season and causing another incremental loss to their already Island's coastal habitats, as well as other resource and technical
reduced populations. Chapter Five suggests ways to reduce or information.
eliminate most human-caused adverse impacts on plover and tern
habitats, thereby contributing to the chances of their successful
reproduction and, eventually, recovery and stabilization of their
East Coast populations. Chapter Six describes, in a general way,
most of the federal, state, and local regulatory and management
agencies having some jurisdiction over the four bird species
themselves or Long Island's coastal areas that comprise their
habitats.

PAGE 2

1.0 COASTAL PROCESSES: Understanding the underlying air masses and warm, moist, tropical air masses, producing
forces that create shorebird nesting habitat. seasonal extremes in temperature. The coast is besieged by
summer thunderstorms, late summer and early autumn hurricanes,
Information in this section was taken primarily from William T. and winter blizzards. Winter storms are typically the most severe
Fox's At the Sea's Edge (1983). because the contrast between arctic and tropical air masses is at its
greatest.
1.1 Glacial History and Geology
1.3 Waves and Currents
Long Island marks the southernmost boundary of the ice sheet of
the last glacial period, which ended 15,000 - 20,000 years ago. As they blow across the surface of the ocean, winds generated by
When southward movement of the glacier stopped and ice began the meeting of warm and cold air masses create waves. Wave size
to melt, sediments carried within and on top of it were deposited is determined by the speed and duration of wind and the distance
as a glacial moraine, forming the north shore of Long Island. of water over which the wind has travelled. Wave height is
Melt-water streams carried sand and silt southward from the defined as the vertical distance from the top of the crest to the
moraine, forming the south shore of Long Island, an outwash bottom of the trough (see Figure 1). Generally, the higher the
plain. Once glacial action was complete, coastal processes began wind speed, longer the wind duration, and greater the distance
to act upon the shoreline. over water the wind has travelled, the higher the waves. When
waves leave the area of an ocean storm where they were generated,
1.2 Climate and Weather they become swells. As swells move away from the storm, wave
heights gradually decrease, forming a succession of waves of about
Climate is a major factor in determining whether sediments are the same height and period. (Period of a wave is the amount of
eroded or deposited on a particular coast. Long Island is under the time, usually measured in seconds, required for a complete wave
influence of the climate of North America's continental interior. to pass a stationary point). Most waves reaching the coast are
This is characterized by repeated interactions of cold, dry, arctic products of ocean storms.

While in deep waters, waves are unaffected by
the ocean bottom. When waves enter shallower
L - Wave length waters, however, they are modified and
Crest Crest distorted by the bottom. At the point where the
0._-0507@ depth of the water is one-half the wave length
H = Height A (the distance between two wave crests), friction
causes the bottom of the wave to slow down, but
I the surface of the wave continues at the same
Trough speed. This causes a decrease in wave length
and an increase in wave height, eventually
IFigure 1: Symmetrical Profile of a wave in deep water. resulting in a breaking wave (see Figure 2).

PAGE 3

Shallow-water wave processes are the primary
factors in formation of beaches and barrier rk Lo L, LS L4
islands. Waves may "break" on a beach,
4". 6;
spreading their energy up over the sand or be tiALLOW
"reflected" by a steep shore or bulkhead, sending t d, s
U1 do
a portion of their energy back into the ocean. a 1t4TEFtMED1A'rF

Steep, breaking waves from an ocean storm stir DEEP
up bottom sediments and cause shoreline I I
erosion. Gentler, low-profile waves can wash Figure 2: When a shoaling wave moves from deep water (do) Into shallower water (dl), wave length (L) decreases
sands back on to the shore, gradually rebuilding and wave height first decreases, then Increases as the wave breaks.
the beach. When incoming waves are reflected bar, creating a shallow trough just beyond the low tide level
by a sea wall, an outgoing wave of the same period is formed. (which can surprise beach waders with a sudden plunge into deep
When outgoing waves meet incoming waves, an offshore "standing" waters). Storm waves typically generate stronger long-shore
wave pattern is established. The larger and heavier suspended currents than do swells. Long-shore currents can also carry
sand particles drop to the bottom, forming underwater off -shore substantial sediment loads, contributing to the littoral drift. Long
bars. Island's long-shore currents generally travel from northeast to
southwest along the Atlantic Ocean coast, but also vary under local
Swash and Backwash conditions and prevailing seasonal winds.

As a wave breaks at an angle to the shore, as most waves do, a 1.4 Spit Formation
sheet of water carrying suspended sediments rushes obliquely up
the beach. This action is called "swash." As the wave's energy Where a bay or curved shoreline meets an otherwise straight
dissipates, suspended particles are deposited on the beach, and section of shoreline, waves, long-shore currents, and swash and
gravity and the contour of the beach cause the water to flow back backwash all contribute to formation of a "spit." Sediments are
to the ocean directly, at right angles to the shoreline. This action carried in the direction of the waves and long-shore currents and
is called "backwash." The constant, repetitive swash and backwash are deposited at the "end" of the straight shoreline, where the
process redistributes an enormous amount of sand and other shoreline turns landward at the edge of the bay. Initially, the spit
particles along the length of a shoreline. This directional transport develops underwater. If it weren't for changing water elevations,
of sand induced by wave action is known as littoral drift. the sand spit would never rise above the water's surface. In the
presence of tides, however, the spit may become exposed at low
Long-shore Currents tides. Breaking waves, swash and backwash deposit more sand,
increasing the spit's elevation and underwater elongation. If the
Waves that break at an angle to the shore create currents that flow process continues, the spit may be exposed at high tides, resulting
parallel to the shore. These "long-shore" currents may travel in the emergence of new land (see Figure 3).
between off-shore bars or between the beach and an off -shore

PAGE 4

1.5 Development of Salt Marshes and Coastal Salt Ponds
waves
... .311.1 Waters landward of the growing spit become protected from
breaking waves and currents, and these quieter waters drop their
s
pit finer suspended sediments in the bay. Additional organic matter
pit
and sediments are deposited by rivers, creeks, and upland areas
and the bay becomes shallower and warmer. In the most protected
areas, rooted aquatic vegetation takes hold, trapping even more
sediments and providing habitat for other plants and for marine
microorganisms and invertebrates, which form the basis for a
A. complex food web that eventually supports large predatory fish,
-,,/Iongshore current fish-eating birds, and even humans. Tidal salt marshes develop,
ranging from mudflats with sparse emergent vegetation exposed
only rarely, even at low tide, to thickly vegetated high marshes
occurring between mean high and the limit of spring tides.
Mv-' JZ
marsh and Coastal salt ponds form when a growing spit reaches the opposite
tidal flats shore or the inlet to the bay closes, sealing off the bay from the
............. ocean and forming a lagoon. In some cases, salinity of a salt pond
exceeds that of the ocean because evaporation of water from its
surface concentrates the remaining salts.

1.6 Dune Growth and Stabilization

When land emerges f rom the ocean and sediments remain exposed
inlet
f@)/barrier island
at high tides, wind begins to influence the growth of dunes.
TZ kwo '@A SL' Anything that will trap sand particles - a piece of driftwood, large
tA
4101' seashell, or vegetation - will cause the wind to deposit sand, and
J a dune will form. As a dune grows higher, its resistance to wind

fit
J/ increases, resulting in more sand being deposited on its crest or
filling in its leeward side. Seaweed deposited by waves and tides
adds nutrients and organic matter to the otherwise sterile sand,
increasing its ability to retain moisture and nourish plant life.
C. Rooted vegetation, such as American beachgrass (Ammophila
Fkjure 3- Barrier Island formation. (A) Spit grows from point of land; (B) spit extends along breviligulata), is the most effective sand-trap. As beachgrass
the coast; (C) breach forms tidal Inlet and barrier island. colonizes the dunes, a more stable environment develops, allowing

PAGE 5

other plants to move in, including the nitrogen-fixing beach-pea
(Lathyrus japonica), further increasing soil nutrients that are
available ioi- f_b,i %:pecies. Z.
u.

1.7 Fora@iitioi, '--rrier Islands

Several theories have been introduced to explain how barrier
islands develop. It is now generally accepted that more than on
e
factor is usually involved, and no single theory can explain the
origin of all barrier islands. Long Island's Fire Island probably
began as a spit growing southwestward from Southampton,
roughly parallel to the shoreline (which extended about one mile
seaward of its present location) about 4000 years ago. The
southwesterly flowing long-shore current carried highly erodible
sediments from the shoreline between Southampton and Montauk
and deposited them on this newly created spit, which grew about
80 feet per year (Amos and Amos 1985). Over the past 3000+
years, the sand spit grew to be about 50 miles long, although its
width probably never exceeded 1000 feet. In more recent times,
storm waves or high tides overwashed and eventually breached the
spit in two places (now known as the inlets to Great South and
Moriches Bays), and Fire Island was created (see Figure 3).

The islands west of Fire Island may have developed somewhat
differently. One theory suggests that these islands originally
formed as dunes and ridges on beaches over 4000 years ago when
sea level was significantly lower than its current level. As the
glacier melted, sea level rose, eventually submerging lower
portions of the beach "behind" the ridges and leaving the ridges
exposed as barrier islands (see Figure 4). lFigure 4: Aftemative theory of barrier island formation by drowning of a
1.8 Migration of Dunes and Barrier Islands mainland beach/dune ridge.

Dunes and barrier islands can either erode and dissipate or be
moved landward, particle by particle, by the combined forces of
wind and water. Landward movement of a barrier island is called

PAGE 6

11migration" or "barrier island retreat." It occurs in a variety of diminishing beach and dune, depositing it farther downdrift.
ways, but is generally a slow process, requiring years to show
obvious movement. This makes it a particularly difficult When a strong storm system builds up, ocean water is actually
phenomenon for developers and owners of beach-front homes to "piled up" against the shoreline, pushed by winds and tides. This
appreciate and anticipate. build-up of water allows large waves to overwash a dune,
spreading sand in an "overwash fan" behind it. Overwash may
Dunes migrate when they lose their stabilizing elements, usually move sand to the leeward side of the dune, or in a marsh or bay
vegetation, to storm surges, off-road vehicles, or bulldozers. The behind the dune. As the seaward side of the dune erodes, the
wind creates "blow-outs," moving sand farther back on the shore, leeward side gains sand, resulting in a net landward movement of
perhaps to form another dune or settle in a marsh or lagoon behind the dune or the creation of a second dune behind the first dune.
the barrier beach. As the fore-dune is reduced in size by wind, it
becomes more susceptible to erosion by waves. Swash and Barrier island retreat is similar to dune migration, but major
backwash and long-shore currents carry sand away from the movement may be more influenced by the continuous gradual rise
in sea level than by discrete storm surges,
and therefore is even less apparent to the
casual observer. Today, sea level continues
to rise, although at a slower pace than has
occurred for the first 10,000 years of glacial
melting and retreat. As waves reach
incrementally higher levels on beaches and
dunes, water levels in bays and lagoons
Overwash
behind barrier islands and beaches also rise
low and gradually inundate mainland coastal
areas. Winds, waves, overwash surges, and
dal
Flood
inlets move sand from the seaward edge of
Delf
barrier islands to the landward side, filling
Dune Migration lagoons and creating salt marshes, which
are, in turn, filled with more sand and may
eventually emerge as dry land (see Figure
0 .:i 5). New land would extend the bayside
shoreline of the barrier island landward,
and taken in combination with the erosion
of sand from the ocean side of the barrier
island, can result in a net landward
movement of the entire barrier island. In
-Figure 5: Mechanismsfor landward sediment transfer. the absence of barrier island retreat, the

PAGE 7

&0in environment. In addition to protecting homes that are vulnerable
OCEAN Net Littoral Drift to storms and shoreline erosion, larger scale structures have been
built in an effort to maintain inlet channels through the barrier
-7 islands for boating or to enhance the stability and size of the
...........
Erosion barrier island in an effort to reduce the potential for hurricane-
induced damage of the mainland.
BEACH
Although structural approaches have been well-intentioned,
Figure 6: An overhead schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a groin on a beach. alteration of the shoreline by construction of bulkheads, groins
erosive effect of higher sea level may attack both sides of the and jetties has had unexpected and dramatic adverse impacts on
barrier island, reducing the width of the island and making it erosion and deposition. Waves and long-shore currents erode sand
vulnerable to breaching and new inlet formation by storms. from the updrift side of a groin and deposit it in a scalloped
pattern on the groin's down-drift side (see Figure 6). Gains
Either landward migration or net erosion of barrier islands and realized on one side of a groin often appear to be lost in an
dunes is inevitable as long as sea level continues to rise. Whether adjacent area. In fact, the result may be a net loss of shoreline
erosion or migration is rapid, due to occasional storm surges and material since groins block the long-shore movement of sand,
overwash, or very gradual, due to a rising sea level, is less diverting the natural source of sediments that keep beaches
important than an appreciation of the underlying instability of nourished with a constant supply of sand. This is dramatically
barrier beaches and other exposed sandy shorelines. apparent at Westhampton Beach, where groins were constructed in
the mid- 1960's as part of an enormous effort to fortify the barrier
1.9 Adverse Impacts of Shoreline Structures island against hurricanes. Twenty years after their construction,
the barrier beach immediately west of the westernmost groin has
A variety of structural approaches have been used in an attempt been significantly eroded with the unfortunate consequence of
to counteract the underlying instability of barrier islands and other having houses either falling into the ocean or precariously standing
sandy shorelines. Most of these efforts can be classified as "shore- 25 feet in the air on skewed pilings that had once been
hardening structures" such as groins, bulkheads, rubble mound underground.
revetments and breakwaters. These engineering solutions to an
unstable shoreline share the common goal of holding the shoreline Dredged inlets that have been stabilized with large jetties also
in place. Groins are shore-perpendicular jetties which are have had severe adverse impacts on barrier beaches. The barrier
designed to hold the shoreline in place by trapping sand that is beach west of Shinnecock inlet provided a good example of
transported by wave action in littoral drift. Bulkheads, erosion induced by the effects of an inlet. Not only do the jetties
revetments, and breakwaters attempt to hold shorelines in place by have the beneficial effect of reducing the amount of sedimentation
reducing the effect of waves on the shoreline. in the inlet channel but they also induce starvation of the adjacent
beach by removing sand from the littoral system and depositing it
Structural approaches are usually employed to protect stationary in deltas in the ocean and in the bay at either end of the inlet.
development that has been placed in this inherently unstable

PAGE 8

The fact that many efforts made to stabilize the shoreline appear from unstable, unvegetated, low profile dunes to those that are
to also result in an equal or greater destabilization elsewhere high, vegetated, and stable. The sand beach/dune system is
underscores the dynamic nature of these shorelines. Even without constantly being modified by the erosive forces of wind and water.
structural alteration, these shorelines are extremely unstable, Vegetation is present at landward edges of beaches and is
existing in a state of constant flux with the effects of wind, waves, characteristic of most dune systems. Typical plant species present
and tides. It is important to recall that these are the very forces on maritime beaches and foredunes include beachgrass, seaside
which create barrier beaches. Similarly, the shorebird habitats goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens), beach-pea, sea-rocket (Cakile
that these environments provide are also dynamic, and even more edentula), and dusty-miller (Artemisia stellariana).
susceptible to change by these forces. Exposed, unvegetated areas within this system are the only natural
2.0 HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS AND FUNCTIONS: Ecological habitat used for nesting by Piping Plovers and Least Terns and are
values of different parts of the coastal environment to shorebirds. the primary nesting habitats for Common Tern.

Habitats included within the Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Because this habitat is above the mean high tide level, it is not
Habitat designations provide both nesting and foraging areas for subject to daily tidal flooding. Severe winter storms and
the four species of birds that are the concern of this management hurricanes can combine with high tides to overwash these areas at
plan. This section first addresses nesting habitats (2.1 - 2.3) and certain times of year, but wind is the primary natural force
then discusses foraging habitats (2.4 - 2.8). Protection of high- changing this habitat on a day-to-day basis. Nesting birds can be
quality nesting and foraging areas is extremely important to the threatened and disturbed by occasional high water and flooding,
continued survival of Long Island's populations of terns and but people, who use these areas for sunbathing, picnicking,
plovers. The following descriptions are adapted from the New walking, driving recreational vehicles, and staging areas for
York Natural Heritage Program's (NYNHP) community commercial fishing, are the major source of disturbance to adults
classification (Reschke 1987). For purposes of this plan, NYNHPs and chicks.
natural communities are sometimes combined based on their
functional similarities in use by birds. 2.2 Salt Marshes and Salt Marsh Islands (NYNHP: salt marsh)

2.1 Maritime Sand Beaches and Dunes (NYNHP: maritime sand Salt marshes and salt marsh islands occur along the edges or within
beach and maritime dunes) most of the large and small bays of Long Island. A salt marsh is
usually subject to tidal flooding twice a day - not a good place for
Beaches and dunes are present along much of Long Island's ocean a beach-nesting bird to lay its eggs. Around the edges of, and
and bay coastlines, and occur above the mean high tide level. sometimes within salt marshes, however, there are often slightly
They are composed of sand or sand/cobble beaches that can be elevated areas above mean high tide level. These may be open,
greater than 450 feet wide. Vegetation on the beach is sparse, and sandy areas but are more frequently vegetated with salt-
the structure and form of the beach itself can be transformed meadowgrass (Spartina patens), beachgrass, and associated
overnight by storm waves and wind. Most of these beaches are herbaceous species.
backed by sand dunes. Dune systems vary in structure, ranging

PAGE 9

In the past several years, perhaps because of loss of suitable beach One potential advantage of a dredge disposal island for nesting
habitat, Common Terns have begun nesting in salt marshes and on birds is the lack of terrestrial predators (because it is newly
salt marsh I . , _ They often form linear colonies along the created land). Size of the island, however, is related to its
wrack line deposited by winter storms at these sites. suitability for nesting terns and plovers; islands over 20 acres are
more likely to support predators year-round, and become
The major threats to nesting terns in these areas comes from unsuitable for nesting plovers and terns unless predator control
unexpected high tides or spring storms that flood even the elevated programs are undertaken.
sites, and predators, which may use the vegetation to conceal their
approaches to nesting adults, eggs, and chicks. 2.4 Intertidal Beaches and Mudflats (NYNHP: marine Intertidal
2.3 Dredge Material Deposition Sites: mainland and islands gravel/sand beach and marine intertidal mudflats)
(NYNHP: marine dredge spoil shore) This is the primary foraging area for Piping Plover adults and
chicks. It occurs between the highest and lowest tide levels, and
This artificial habitat consists of subtidal sediments deposited on because of its dynamic nature and constantly moving substrate, is
existing coastal landforms or used to create new dry land. Such generally not vegetated. Tidal flooding twice a day delivers food
sediments are usually by-products of dredging operations for resident amphipods, insect larvae, and marine worms, which
associated with boat channels and harbors. Characteristics of the form the basis of the plovers' diets. Tides also deposit seaweed
deposited sediments determine suitability of these lands for which teems with invertebrate life. Sand and gravel beaches
nesting Piping Plovers and Least, Common, and Roseate Terns. typically occur in the high-energy waters of the ocean and are
Optimal sediments consist of a high proportion of sand, shell well-drained at low tide. Mudflats form in areas of quieter tidal
fragments, and pebble/cobble and a low proportion of organic waters within bays, with substrates composed of fine particles rich
material, clay, and silt. in organic matter and poorly drained at low tide.

Dredge disposal sites frequently have more rapid rates of Since plover chicks feed themselves from their time of hatching,
vegetation succession than do natural beaches and dunes. Piping but do not develop the ability to fly for at least another 4 weeks,
Plovers, Least Terns, and Common Terns may use recently suitable foraging habitat must be located immediately adjacent to
created, suitable unvegetated dredge disposal sites for nesting. suitable nesting habitat for Piping Plovers. Newly hatched chicks
Roseate Terns may nest in older, more vegetated sections of these must be able to walk to foraging areas when the tide is low or
areas, which are also used occasionally by Common Terns. Factors receding, and walk back to the safety of their former nesting areas
which limit vegetation on natural beaches are usually unable to when darkness falls or during high tides and bad weather.
prevent vegetative succession on dredge disposal sites because of
higher elevations, stabler sediments, and generally more protected The major threat to Piping Plovers in their foraging areas comes
locations. Without deposition of new material or scraping by from human disturbance, particularly vehicles driving on the firm,
bulldozers, the ability of dredge materials to support beach- wet sands exposed at low tides; these not only scare birds away,
nesting birds is generally short-lived. but cause direct mortality by running over unseen, cryptic chicks
crouched in the sand. Often these chicks have been observed

PAGE 10

trapped in wheel ruts, waiting for the next vehicle to pass by and 2.7 Coastal Salt Ponds (NYNHP: coastal salt pond)
seal its fate. Sunbathers, swimmers, and walkers often
unknowingly chase plovers away from their food and prevent This habitat consists of coastal lakes and ponds formed by sand
chicks from getting the energy they need to survive. barriers that close off a lagoon or small bay. Occasionally, the
barrier beach is broken by wave action caused by a storm,
2.5 Subtidal Marine Deep Waters (NYNHP: marine deepwater increasing salinity of the pond. The barrier eventually reforms,
community and marine eelgrass meadow) closing the site to the ocean. Many salt ponds have permanent
inlets that may be natural or maintained by dredging.
This habitat includes all types of oceanic open water below the Characteristic vegetation includes dwarf spikerush (Eleocharis
lowest tide level without appreciable freshwater inflow. Salinities parvulva), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), salt- meadowgrass,
remain relatively constant (at least 18.0 parts per thousand ocean- common reedgrass (Phragmiles australis), and saltmarsh fleabane
derived salts) and substrates are constantly submerged. Much of (Pulchea odorala). A variety of fish inhabit salt ponds and serve
the deeper substrates support no rooted vegetation, but eelgrass as prey to foraging terns. These small, shallow ponds may be
(Zostera marina) meadows, occurring in quieter and shallower critical as "training" areas for fledged terns to practice foraging
waters, are highly productive and provide habitat for a variety of techniques, because of their relatively calm surfaces.
marine organisms. In general, these waters support an assemblage
of fish species, such as sand lance (Ammodyles americanus) and 2.8 Freshwater Ponds (NYNHP: subset of coastal plain pond)
pipefish (Sygnathus fuscus), that are the major food source for
terns and other coastal-nesting bird species. These are permanently flooded, freshwater ponds occurring in
Long Island's southern coastal plain within a mile of the saltwater
2.6 Subtidal Estuarine Deep Waters/Tidal Rivers (NYNHP: tidal shoreline. They are shallow and fed by groundwater, with
river) annually and seasonally fluctuating water levels. Although
typically characterized by an abundance of aquatic vegetation,
Although Long Island has only four major rivers (Peconic, including slender spikerush (Eleocharis elliptica), water-shield
Nissequogue, Connetquot, and Carmens), there are hundreds of (Brasenia schreberi), white water-lily (Nymphaea odoratai), naiad
smaller creeks providing freshwater inflow to its coastal waters. (Najas spp.), waterweed (Elodea spp.), and pondweed
This particular habitat occurs where waters are generally over six (Polamogeton spp.), these freshwater ponds are significant
feet deep at low tide and where fresh water meets salt water, with foraging sites for terns. Several species of small fish provide food
resulting salinities ranging from 0.5 to 18.0 parts per thousand salt. for Least Terns, particularly early in the breeding season. Like
These are areas of low diversity and little to no rooted vegetation, the coastal salt ponds, the relatively calm surfaces of these small
but this habitat supports many fish species that are prey for terns. ponds may make them critical to young terns as habitats to perfect
their foraging techniques before undertaking their lengthy
migrations to wintering grounds.

PAGE I I

3.0 SPECIES BIOLOGY: An introduction to four beach-nesting Young of these species are all highly mobile within days of
shorebirds hatching and move about widely in the vicinity of a colony or nest
site. Re-nesting occurs if an initial nest is destroyed, but
Piping Plovers, Least Terns, Roseate Terns, and Common Terns probabilities of survival of second-nest eggs and chicks are low,
are the species of beach-nesting birds considered in this possibly due to intensive recreational use of beaches by mid-
management plan. All were nearly extirpated on Long Island and summer.
along the Atlantic coast during the latter part of the nineteenth
and early part of the twentieth centuries as a result of intense, Reproductive success of these species in a setting undisturbed by
uncontrolled exploitation by plume hunters who supplied the humans depends on meteorological conditions, food abundance,
thriving millinery industry with feathers. Passage of the and incidence of predation. These factors vary within and
Migratory Bird Act in 1918 banned hunting these species and between breeding seasons, and species have evolved strategies that
allowed breeding populations to recover. have allowed them to survive for thousands of years. Adult Piping
Plovers lure potential predators away from nests and chicks with
Although populations have fluctuated somewhat, until the 1960's an elaborate "broken wing" display, giving the appearance of an
the trend was generally upward. Since the 1960's, however, easy meal for a hungry fox or cat, only to fly away when the
populations have been declining, primarily because of the equally danger to eggs and young is gone. Terns nest in colonies and
destructive processes of habitat loss and human disturbance. mount mob attacks against day-time intruders and predators.
Several aspects of reproductive biology common to all four species Well-camouflaged chicks crouch motionlessly when threatened.
make them particularly vulnerable to disturbance at particular All of these behaviors work well with non-human predators, but
times of the breeding season. At other times, they can tolerate a unaware beach users find dive-bombing terns annoying, not
degree of human activity without suffering negative impacts. This realizing they are sunbathing in the center of a tern colony.
chapter summarizes the habitat requirements of these birds while People are intrigued and worried about the "injured" plover, and
they are on Long Island's beaches, generally from late March to continue to trail it, even after it has demonstrated its ability to fly.
early September. And invisible, motionless chicks are easily and inadvertantly killed
by drivers of ORVs and dune buggies. Reduction of habitat and
Plovers and terns have several habits in common. All are ground- increase in human disturbance have taxed the abilities of these
nesters who lay eggs on open, sandy beaches, dredged materials, birds to maintain minimum viable populations.
rocky shores, or elevated areas within salt marshes, making eggs
and nestlings particularly vulnerable to a wide range of predators. 3.1 Species Distribution and Population Status
Nests may be only bare scrapes in the sand, and eggs are naturally
camouflaged to make them less obvious to predators, but also Piping Plovers
rendering them extremely susceptible to unintentional destruction
by off-road vehicles (ORVs) and crowds of recreational beach- Piping Plovers occur only in the western hemisphere, and three
users on Memorial Day and Fourth of July weekends. Intentional separate populations are recognized. Long Island birds belong to
or inadvertent disturbance causes adults to leave their nests, the Atlantic coast population, which breeds along bays and the
exposing eggs and young to temperature extremes and predators. ocean from South Carolina to Newfoundland. This population is

PAGE 12

listed as "threatened" by the US Fish and Wildlife Service Roseate Terns
(USFWS); in 1987, approximately 575 pairs existed in the US, with
an estimated 240 pairs in Canada. About 190 pairs nested in New Roseate Terns occur throughout the world, in tropical and
York State, all on Long Island in 1989; the NY Department of temperate climates. The North American population breeds in the
Environmental Conservation (DEC) lists the Piping Plover as Florida Keys and along the Atlantic coast, between and including
"endangered" in NYS. Current plover numbers for Long Island Long Island and Cape Cod. USFWS and NYS DEC list Roseate
reflect a 73% decline from Wilcox's 1959 estimate of 500 pairs. Terns as "endangered." The North American population has
declined 70% since the 1930's, and the Long Island population
The other two Piping Plover populations are the Northern Great alone suffered a 66% decrease between 1974 and 1980 (Buckley
Plains population, which nests along sand and gravel shores of and Buckley 1981). In 1989, approximately 1,300 pairs were
rivers and lakes of the region and is also listed as "threatened" by reported in six Long Island area colonies with 91% of these
USFWS; and the Great Lakes population, which historically was occurring at a single site: Great Gull Island (Downer and Liebelt
present on all five lakes' sand and gravel beaches, but is now 1990).
restricted to a very few sites on the upper lakes and is listed as
endangered" by USFWS. Common Terns

Least Terns Common Terns occur throughout the northern hemisphere with
the exception of the North American Pacific coast. In North
Like the Piping Plover, Least Terns occur only in the western America, they breed along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to
hemisphere, and three subspecies are recognized. The eastern North Carolina, in the Great Lakes region and on northern lakes
subspecies, which includes all of Long Island's birds, nests on and bays of central North America to the Arctic Ocean, along
sandy Atlantic Ocean beaches from Florida to Maine, along the parts of the Gulf of Mexico coast, and on Caribbean Islands.
Gulf of Mexico coast from Florida to Mexico, and on the Common Terns are Long Island's most abundant tern species, but
Bahamian and Caribbean Islands. This subspecies is listed as because of their vulnerability to habitat loss, human disturbance,
;
threatened" by USFWS and "endangered" by NYS DEC. Long and predation, NYS DEC lists them as "threatened." The 1989
sland is their only nesting area in NYS, where about 3100 pairs Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping Plover Survey reported
nested at 67 colonies in 1989 (Downer and Liebelt 1990). approximately 25,200 pairs at 34 colonies. Eighty-four percent
were found at only five sites: Great Gull Island, Cedar Beach
The California and interior Least Tern subspecies, which nests Babylon, Jones Beach West End 1, Warner Islands, and East Inlet
along the Pacific coast from central California to Baja California Island (Downer and Liebelt 1990).
and along shores of major rivers and their tributaries in the central
US respectively, are both listed as "endangered" by USFWS 3.2 Species Descriptions
(USFWS 1970, 1984, 1985a).
Males and females of all four species are similar to each other in
size and plumage, making distinctions between the sexes difficult
to discern in the field. Plumage of juveniles is different from that

PAGE 13

of adults, and adults generally have two seasonal plumages: a yellow bills, and yellowish legs. Unlike Piping Plovers, which
linuptial" or breeding plumage and a winter plumage. form relatively solitary pairs, Least Terns are usually observed in
groups, either sitting on or near nests in the dunes, diving
Piping Plovej,, gracefully for fish in large foraging flocks, or mobbing colony
intruders and predators. Least Terns have a wide variety of shrill,
Piping Plovers are about seven inches long with a 15-inch rasping calls and vocalizations, particularly when "attacking"
wingspan. When seen on Long Island, the birds are in breeding intruders.
plumage with white underparts, light beige back and crown, white
rump, and black upper tail with a white edge. Their most At least one wild Least Tern lived to be 17 years old; it was
distinctive characteristic, which sets them apart from other banded as a juvenile on Fire Island in 1940 and recovered on Fire
shorebirds on Long Island in the summertime, is a partial or Island in 1957 (Bull 1974). Most Least Terns breed as two-year-
complete black breast and neck band and a black bar across the olds, although a large proportion may not breed until they are
brow. Their legs and bill are orange in the summer, with a black three years old.
tip on the bill. Piping Plovers are typically seen standing or
running along the beach, feeding at the water's edge, or sitting, Roseate Terns
standing, or running in the dunes where they nest. Piping Plovers
Roseate Terns resemble Least Terns, with slim bodies, long narrow
earn their common name by their high, two-toned, organ-like call.
wings, forked tails, and pointed bills. They are significantly larger
Wilcox's 20-year Piping Plover study found that of 979 marked than Least Terns, with body lengths of about 15 inches and
chicks, the average age of 47 adults retrapped in subsequent years wingspans of 30 inches. Roseates, too, have black caps, white
was 3.4 years. Since this figure does not account for first-year underparts and tails, and gray backs, but they lack the white
mortality, it may overestimate the average longevity of Piping forehead of Least Terns and have longer, trailing tail feathers,
Plovers. Wilcox estimated that 13% of females and 28% of males reddish legs, and black bills with red bases. Their deep wingbeat
lived to be at least five years old, and the oldest "known age" mate is slower than that of Least or Common Terns, and they are seen
and female were eleven years old. Piping Plovers usually breed as far more rarely than these species. The Roseate's voice is
one-year-olds. distinctive: a prolonged, grating "kraak" for an alarm call, lower
and louder than other terns' calls, and a soft, musical two-syllable
Least Terns call on the breeding grounds (Bent 1921). On or near Long Island,
Roseates are invariably seen with Common Terns, sitting on or
Least Terns are Long Island's smallest tern, with slender bodies, near nests or hovering and diving for fish in foraging flocks.
long narrow wings, forked tails, and pointed bills. Their bodies
are about 8.5 inches long, and they have a wingspan of about 20 Longevity data on Roseate Terns reports recapture of adults at
inches. Like their relatives, Common and Roseate Terns, they least seven years old, but the same study concluded that year-to-
have black caps, white underparts and tails, and gray backs when year survival of Roseate Terns is lower than that of many other
in breeding plumage. Least Terns can be distinguished from their marine birds (Spendelow and Nichols 1989). Roseate Terns do not
counterparts by their smaller size, white foreheads, black-tipped breed during their first year and only occasionally breed as two-

PAGE 14

year-olds. First-year birds remain in wintering areas, and non- Piping Plovers
breeding second-year birds disperse throughout the West Indies,
with some returning to North America. Three-year-old birds Adult plovers are the first of the four species to arrive on Long
generally return to breeding areas to nest. Island, usually appearing between mid-March and mid-April (Bull
1974). Males set up and defend breeding territories against other
Common Terns males, while attracting mates with elaborate courtship displays,
including elliptical and figure-eight flights, vocalizations, and
Common Terns are very close to Roseate Terns in size, body build, tossing shell fragments (Cairns 1982). Plovers frequently change
and plumage, although their tails are shorter, their wing tips are mates between years, but rarely do so during the breeding season
darker, and their bills are bright reddish-orange, usually with (Haig and Oring 1988). Unlike colonial terns, Piping Plovers are
varying amounts of black at the tip. Common Terns are generally solitary nesters with breeding territories ranging in size from 0.1
seen on Long Island standing near or sitting on nests on dunes, to 1.7 acres and distances between Piping Plover nests of 90 to 210
dredge materials, or salt marshes, or foraging in large, voracious feet (Cairns 1982, Burger 1987). Feeding territories are
flocks. Their call is a harsh, two-syllable "kee-urr." maintained and defended from other plovers throughout the
breeding season and are usually adjacent to breeding territories.
A Common Tern originally banded as a nestling at Moriches Bay Adult male plovers tend to be faithful to previously used breeding
in 1939 was captured and released at Plymouth, Massachusetts, in sites regardless of previous reproductive success (Haig and Oring
1953 - a 14-year old bird (Bull 1974). Like Roseate Terns, 1988). One-year-old birds, breeding for the first time, do not
Common Terns typically do not breed until they are three years typically return to their own birthplaces to nest (Wilcox 1959).
old.
Least Terns
3.3 Arrival on Long Island, Establishment of Territories, and
Courtship and Pair Formation Least Terns arrive on Long Island in early May, often returning to
sites that have been used for several years (Burger 1984). From
Although their dates of arrival, courtship, and pair formation 1981 to 1987, the Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping
vary, this is the period when all four species are most sensitive to Plover Survey has discovered less than ten new colony sites, while
disruption. Almost any disturbance will cause the birds to over the same period, approximately 25 colonies have suffered
abandon their sites, and assuming the birds are selectively serious declines or have disappeared (McLean et al. 1987).
choosing suitable, prefered nesting habitat, then disturbance at
this stage may force them to seek refuge in less than optimal, and Males undertake courtship displays including aerial flights and
very possibly unsuitable, habitat. Sometimes entire tern colonies eventually monogamous pairs are formed. Colonies range in size
simply disappear after the disruption associated with a Memorial from 2 to 600 pairs and may be composed of a series of sub-
Day weekend. Re-nesting success after disturbance is very poor. colonies extending several hundred feet along a beach. There
must be nearby feeding habitat (open water supporting small fish)
for successful nesting. Least Tern colonies frequently include
Piping Plover nests.

PAGE 15

Roseate Terns Piping Plovers nest earliest and receive the least disturbance from
humans during this period. Many plover chicks, however, are
Roseate TerA'.- -@ -,-rally appear at their Long Island breeding newly hatched at the same time the beaches are sustaining their
grounds in mid-May. Zc'h sexes participate in courtship displays first major human use - Memorial Day weekend. Many tern nests
described by Bent (1921) as "stretching their necks upward and have freshly laid eggs by this holiday weekend, while other terns
strutting about with drooped wings and elevated tails. . .. Finally are just getting started nesting. An uninformed mass of eager
the accepted suitor mounts his mate and stands squarely upon her sun-seekers, with their pets and vehicles, can kill many plover
back for a long time, with frequent interlocking of bills." On chicks, destroy unhatched plover eggs and cause terns to abandon
Long Island, Roseate Tern colonies are invariably within Common otherwise suitable nesting sites.
Tern colonies.
Common Terns Piping Plovers, Least Terns, and Common Terns
Piping Plovers, Least Terns, and Common Terns use essentially the
Common Terns return to Long Island breeding grounds in early same nesting habitat: sand or sand/cobble beaches along ocean
May. Males begin courtship with strutting displays, necks shores, bays, and inlets between the high tide line and area of
stretched upward and bills pointing to the sky. Eventually, a male dune formation. They usually nest at sites with little or no
flies off, only to return with a small fish or sand eel, which he vegetation, although it is not uncommon to find plover nests at the
displays to a female. The female responds with "begging" behavior, seaward base of dunes where there are moderate amounts of
an open bill and half -raised wings. Finally, the male "offers" the beachgrass that shelter the nest and eggs from sun and weather.
morsel to the female, which she may immediately accept and On Long Island, Least Terns were reported to use beaches with 5
swallow, or she may accept and then pass back and forth with the to 25% vegetative cover, although sites with less than 20% cover
male until finally swallowing it (Bent 1921). Eventually a were rarely used (Gochfeld 1983). Distance from and elevation
monogamous pair is formed. above mean high water is an important factor in nest site selection.
Gochfeld (1983) found that Least Terns on Long Island will avoid
3.4 Nesting Habitats, Nests, Eggs, Incubation, and Hatching beaches that have less than 30 feet between the high water mark
and the vegetated dunes, yet it is not uncommon to find a thriving
Again, timing of nesting varies with each species, but once the colony situated in a low-lying area prone to flooding.
first egg is laid, adults of all four species show strong tenacity to
their nests, despite repeated disturbance. Intruders will cause Both plovers and Least and Common Terns will nest on
adults to leave their nests temporarily, exposing eggs to predators unvegetated dredged material if the surface is composed of sand,
and temperature extremes, which can reduce viability and pebbles, and shell fragments with less than 10% clay and silt
hatching success. But once eggs are laid, nests are rarely particles.
abandoned altogether unless the site is destroyed by flooding,
extreme human disturbance, or severe predation. Adults of all On Long Island, Common Tern colonies also occur on salt marsh
four species have been known to re-nest if early nesting attempts islands and open elevated areas within an expanse of salt marsh.
fail. Birds tend to form linear colonies along the wrack line deposited

PAGE 16

by winter storms, which usually keeps their nests above spring and Roseate Terns
summer tides. Use of salt marshes for nesting appears to be a
recent phenomenon associated with loss of suitable beach habitat Although Roseate Terns invariably breed in Common Tern
(Burger, in press). colonies, Roseates show a preference for specific "micro- habitats"
within the main colony, where they usually set up discrete sub-
Piping Plover nests are frequently found within Least Tern colonies. Successful Roseate colonies are almost always on islands;
colonies. Least and Common Terns usually do not nest together, nesting attempts on the few sites on or attached to the mainland
but it is not uncommon to find a few pairs of Least Terns in a usually do not succeed because of predation and human
Common Tern colony. Roseate Terns and Black Skimmers disturbance.
(Rynchops niger), although much rarer than Common Terns, are
usually found in Common Tern colonies. There are two general categories of Roseate Tern colony "micro-
habitats" (Nisbet 1981). The first, characteristic of Long Island,
A Piping Plover nest is a shallow depression in the sand that is are sandy islands, barrier islands, or barrier beaches vegetated
usually lined with shell fragments or small pebbles. Plovers almost with beachgrass and herbaceous plants such as seaside goldenrod,
invariably lay four eggs, one every other day, although incubation beach-pea, and dusty-miller. The second category, represented in
does not begin until after the last egg is laid. On Long Island, this region only by Great Gull Island, are rocky or clay islands
plover nests with eggs may be found from late April to late June. with a thin layer of soil and usually thickly vegetated with grass
Incubation lasts about 27 to 32 days and is shared by both sexes. and herbaceous plants, except on rocky outcrops or sandy edges.
Reports of hatching success vary, ranging from a high of 91% Roseate Terns have been observed nesting in salt marshes, but
(Wilcox 1959) to a low of 16% (MacIvor et al. 1985). All of the with little success (Buckley & Buckley 1981). Optimal habitat
viable eggs in a given nest hatch at about the same time. should have about 80% cover of herbaceous plants about 30 inches
tall. These conditions are not frequently encountered, at either
Least Tern nests consist of shallow depressions scraped in sand, functioning colonies or potential sites.
constructed by the female. Egg-laying generally begins by the
second week of May. On the average, two eggs are laid on Roseate Tern nest sites are generally selected only one to four days
consecutive days, with incubation beginning after the second egg. before egg-laying. Roseates require cover for nesting and locate
Incubation lasts about 21 days and is performed by both parents. their simple nests beneath or beside clumps of grass or various
Although pairs of Least Terns lay two eggs, they generally raise species of herbaceous plants or other objects that provide shelter.
either one chick or fail altogether (Burger, in press). They will also nest under and among rocks, driftwood, and other
beach debris. Nest density within a sub-colony may be as high as
Common Tern nests are built by the female and range from a four nests per square yard, with nests commonly spaced 10 to 20
scrape in the sand to a simple nest built of dried plant matter, inches apart. The nest itself begins as a bare scrape in the ground.
typical of Common Tern nests in salt marshes. Clutches vary from Nests with eggs may be found by late May. Within a given sub-
2 to 3 eggs, laid at I to 2 day intervals. Nests with eggs can be colony, all females tend to lay within a week.
found by the middle of May on Long Island. Incubation lasts for
approximately 21 days, and is shared by both parents. Once an egg is laid, an exclusive territory about three feet in

PAGE 17

diameter, centered around the nest, is established and vigorously allowed to spend the major part of the day during low tide
defended. Roseates generally lay I to 2 eggs at 2 to 3 day feeding, to obtain the energy necessary to increase in size, grow
intervals. Incubation begins with the first egg and is carried out feathers, escape predators, and develop the ability to fly and then
by both sexes. During incubation, the sitting bird gradually migrate south. Frequent disturbance during feeding probably
constructs a * ---!e nest from pieces of vegetation and other results in increased mortality of chicks (Fleming 1984).
available material. lr@@A_,bation lasts for approximately 23 days, but
can vary from 21 to 27 d@,,ys. Many plover chicks are newly hatched about Memorial Day
weekend, and about an equal number are just shy of fledging by
3.5 Care and Feeding of Chicks the Fourth of July weekend. Since chicks feed at the water's edge,
usually at low tide, they are extremely vulnerable to disturbance
Piping Plovers by sunbathers and swimmers, walkers, pets, and vehicles. When
crouched motionlessly in a tire track in the sand, chicks are
Piping Plover eggs generally begin hatching on Long Island about virtually impossible to see, making them equally impossible to
late May, although the actual date depends on the onset of egg- avoid.
laying and incubation. Young are precocial (their eyes are open,
they have downy feathers, and they are capable of locomotion Plover chicks become able to fly ("fledging") 28 to 35 days after
within hours of hatching) and will remain in the nest only until hatching, usually beginning in early July. Number of young per
their down has dried. They are well -camouflaged and highly pair that survive to fledging are highly variable. The average is
mobile. generally between one and two, but often a local breeding
population of plovers will raise an average of less than one per
Chicks feed independently almost immediately, led by parents to pair. After fledging, family groups separate, and adults and
the water's edge. Adults and chicks feed on small crustaceans, young begin congregating on feeding grounds outside territorial
molluscs, marine worms, insects, insect larvae, and other boundaries.
invertebrates. They forage in the intertidal zone of bays and inlets
and on oceanfront sand beaches, mud flats, and tidal wrack Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
deposits. Most feeding occurs at low or failing tides during the
daytime. Behavior of chicks of all three tern species is very similar, as is
their parents' feeding care. Nests have similar numbers of eggs
If disturbed, flightless chicks crouch and remain motionless, (usually two) and most eggs hatch in mid- to late June. Chicks
becoming almost indistinguishable from their surroundings. have downy feathers and their eyes are open, but unlike plover
Frequently, they intersperse short runs with this motionless chicks, tern chicks remain in their nests for about three days after
crouch. Unfledged young (those that do not yet have the ability hatching and are fed by their parents until several weeks after
to fly) are usually present from late May to late July. Although fledging. After leaving nests, tern chicks are highly mobile,
parents remain with chicks until they have the ability to fly, ranging throughout their colonies. Adults apparently are able to
young are very vulnerable to disturbance during the first three identify their own young through sight and smell, and are believed
weeks of life, particularly if feeding is disrupted. Chicks must be to feed only their own offspring. Adults share responsibilities for

PAGE 18

feeding chicks and protecting young from temperature extremes 3.6 Responses of Adults to Disturbance
and inclement weather. Adults bring small (2-4 inches) fish of
several species, which are swallowed headfirst by chicks. Downy Piping Plovers
chicks "beg" for their meals from parents by opening their bills;
older chicks, including those already fledged, display more Adult Piping Plovers respond to disturbance in their territories by
elaborate begging behavior including opening their bills, half- exhibiting an array of distraction behaviors. They may be best
opening their wings, crying out, and "dancing" in place. Parents known by the general public for their "broken wing" displays to
may feed chicks on land, in water, or, for fledged young, in mid- lure potential predators away from nests and eggs. Other displays
air. include squatting, false brooding, and running. Displays are most
frequent and intense near hatching time and when chicks are very
When disturbed, chicks flee to hide behind clumps of vegetation young. Incubating and brooding birds, while unlikely to entirely
or crouch motionlessly against the sand. If at the water's edge, abandon an active nest, are sensitive to human approach. The
they may take to the water, being competent swimmers almost average distance at which a bird will leave its nest when
immediately upon leaving their nests. Chicks seek refuge from approached is 150 feet (Cairns 1977). Distraction displays
inclement weather and the mid-day sun in vegetation, although intensify as the intruder moves closer to the nest. Plovers
adults frequently provide this protection directly. generally exhibit more intense displays when approached by
humans than by other potential predators or non-predatory species
Least Terns have the shortest time from hatching to fledging, (Flemming 1984).
about 20 days. Common Terns fledge about 28 days after
hatching, and Roseates fledge 24 to 28 days after hatching. Burger (1987) suggests that the anti-predator behavior of Least
Variations in fledging time depend on conditions during a Terns, coupled with their concentrated numbers, may reduce the
particular breeding season. Plentiful forage fish, a high threat of predation to nesting plovers, resulting in higher
proportion of clear sunny days, and little disturbance result in reproductive success for plovers nesting within Least Tern colonies
earlier fledging. than for those nesting outside of tern colonies.

Most chicks fledge by late July. Fledged young are dependent on Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
parents for food for several more weeks. Roseate adults have even
been observed feeding young on their wintering grounds. Fledged A recent study (Erwin 1989) analyzed responses of several seabird
chicks and adults may remain at or near their colonies for one or species to human intrusion. Results showed that Common Terns
two weeks after fledging, after which they congregate on suitable and Black Skimmers flush from colonies at greater distances (260-
beaches with other adults and young prior to migration. 600 feet) than do Least Terns (210 feet). Initially, all adults fly up
from their nests, circle, and return to the colony. As intruders
close in, birds leave nests for the duration of the disturbance.
Often, Least and Common Tern adults "mob" intruders by calling
loudly, diving at and, frequently, defecating on them. The most
aggressive individuals are those whose nests are most closely

PAGE 19

approached, but all colony members will join in if a threat is Nocturnal predation remains the principal cause of egg loss and
perceived. Common Terns are generally more aggressive and more mortality of young and adults.
effective at driving predators away than other beach-nesting
species. In Least Tern colonies, mobbing responses have been Principal predators are rats (Rallus norvegicus), Greater Black-
elicited at a range of 30 to 225 feet. backed Gulls (Larus marinus), Great Horned Owls (Bubo
virginianus), and Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax
Roseate Terns reauily leave their eggs and young when threatened nycticorax).
or disturbed. They .,-e particularly sensitive to human
disturbance, and leave their nests sooner and remain in the air 3.7 Foraging Habitats and Strategies
longer than neighboring Common Terns. They attack airborne
avian predators, but when approached by mammals or birds on the Piping Plovers
ground, they circle above the invader, issuing alarm calls. In
contrast, Common Terns carry out vigorous attacks on terrestrial As mentioned earlier, adults and young plovers feed in the
predators, and there may be a real advantage for Roseates to form intertidal beach zone on small crustaceans, molluscs, marine
mixed colonies with this species. worms, insects and insect larvae, and other invertebrates. Most
feeding occurs during the daytime at low or receding tides. Cairns
Least Terns appear to have adopted a different strategy for (1977) reported that apparently random pecks were interspersed
reducing losses to predation than Common and Roseate Terns. with short runs by plovers foraging on lagoon sand flats, but birds
Least Tern colonies are more numerous and have fewer pairs of switched techniques on more active ocean beaches, using foot
birds, while Common and Roseate Terns nest in a few, very large trembling to locate food before pecking.
colonies. Since there are more Least Tern colonies, chances that
predators will discover a large percentage of them is reduced, Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
although the small numbers of nests in each colony may be
completely wiped out by predators if the colony is discovered. Least, Roseate, and Common Terns all feed on small (2-4 inches)
The few, large Common and Roseate Tern colonies may be easier fish of several species, although sand lance is frequently cited as
for predators to find, but aggressive defense attacks and lots of their primary prey (Bent 1921). These fish swim in schools of
individual nests and birds may reduce chances that predators will many hundred individuals and are favored prey for bluefish
wipe out entire colonies. (Pomatomus saltatrix), which chase schools of the smaller fish to
the water's surface. Commercial fishermen frequently use flocks
Mobbing responses are focused on daytime threats such as gulls, of foraging terns as guides to bluefish.
crows, domestic animals, and humans. When confronted with
nocturnal predators, terns leave their nests and colonies altogether. Although their food sources are essentially the same, there are
Roseate Terns may leave their nests and young for up to seven differences in the ways each tern species catches its prey and the
hours each night in the presence of nocturnal predators. However, habitat in which it forages. Least Terns forage in freshwater and
they are more apt to return during the night than Common Terns salt ponds, estuaries, bays, and the ocean. They hover and dive
and commonly suffer higher adult mortality to predators. after their prey from heights of 3 to 30 feet. They are also known

PAGE 20

to skim the water's surface for food. Least Terns will fly 3.8 Migration and Winter Range Habitats
substantial distances from their colonies to feed at consistently
productive sites. Piping Plovers

Roseate Terns catch fish by diving deeply from greater heights Piping Plovers depart Long Island beaches by the end of August
than other species of medium-sized terns. Foraging occurs in or early September (Bull 1974). Most of the Atlantic coast
clear waters of bays, inlets, tidal rips, and open waters within population winters along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina
about 1.25 miles of shore. Roseate Terns use three foraging to Florida. Recent surveys suggest that major wintering areas
methods. Dispersed feeding takes place at favored feeding sites include the southern coasts of North Carolina and Georgia and the
where schools of prey fish are widely distributed; productive sites Lower Florida Keys. The Great Lakes and Northern Great Plains
include submerged sandbars and tidal rips that are used habitually populations winter along the Gulf of Mexico coast from Florida to
within and between breeding seasons. Roseate Terns occasionally Mexico. Studies in Texas have shown that wintering plovers favor
join dense flocks of Common Terns when schools of fish are being sheltered sandflats adjacent to open beaches, rather than the
driven to the surface by large predatory fish, such as bluefish. beaches themselves (Haig & Oring 1985). Winter habitat selection
They are also known to hover over colonies and rob other species along the Atlantic coast is not well known.
of terns arriving with fish.
Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
Common Terns capture prey by making shallow dives. Foraging
sites are essentially the same as those of Roseate Terns, but All three tern species leave Long Island in early September,
Common Terns are not limited to areas with clear waters. They although Common Tern stragglers may remain until early October
feed primarily on schools of fish driven to the surface by bluefish. (Bull 1974). Least Terns head for their wintering grounds along
Large flocks gather near feeding bluefish, shifting position as prey the coast of northern South America from Venezuela to Brazil.
fish reach the surface. Common Terns and bluefish depend on the Roseate Terns migrate south through the West Indies, arriving at
same food resource, and bluefish appear to be the better wintering grounds on the northern coast of South America from
competitors for this food source. Bluefish appear to control prey the Pacific coast of Colombia to eastern Brazil by November.
abundance and availability, and their population levels may dictate Roseate Terns banded on Cedar Beach and Great Gull Island have
the degree of Common Tern reproductive success within a given been recovered in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and off
breeding season. Safina and Burger (1985) suggest that population the Pacific coast of Colombia (Bull 1974).
movements and reproductive activities of Common Terns are
linked to prey abundance. The primary winter range of Common Terns encompasses both
coasts of South America, extending along the Atlantic coast to
southern Argentina and along the Pacific coast south to Peru.
Smaller numbers winter in southern Florida and California. Most
Long Island Common Terns probably winter in Trinidad or
Guyana, but one banded bird was found over 6500 miles away in
Chile (Bull 1974).

PAGE 21

4.0 ADVERSE IMPACT ON BEACH-NESTING SHOREBIRDS: disruption in the process. Cats often hunt at night and are very
natural and unnatural limits on habitat values. efficient at decimating a colony.

Populations of Long Island's beach-nesting birds have been 4.2 Recreational Uses
declining since the 1950's. This decline can be attributed to
several factors. One cause has been reduction in availability of Rapid growth of human populations on Long Island has resulted
suitable nesting habitat; both the numbers and quality of sites have in a tremendous rise in recreational use of ocean and bay beaches.
been drastically reduced. At the remaining sites, intense human Tern colonies and Piping Plover nests are particularly sensitive to
disturbance makes it very difficult for birds to breed successfully. this use. Increased pedestrian, swimming, and sunbathing
Increased coastal development and associated activities of large activities and use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) are the principal
numbers of people are the principal forces contributing to the factors associated with recreational use of beaches. These
decline of this region's biological legacy. activities reach their heights on Memorial Day and Fourth of July
holiday weekends, periods critical for successful plover and tern
4.1 Coastal Land Development reproduction.

Development of waterfront property on Long Island has continued Off-road Vehicles (ORVs)
unabated for over 30 years with little concern for quality of
coastal habitats for wildlife. The result has been the Off-road vehicles include four-wheel -drive cars and trucks, small
disappearance of large areas of suitable habitat for nesting terns three- and four- wheel-drive all-terrain vehicles, dirt bikes,
and plovers. Coastal development began with building of second motorcycles, and occasionally, "mountain" bicycles. A variety of
homes and accelerated with expansion of suburban communities. people use ORVs on the beach day and night, including
Even the underlying coastal landforms have been modified to commercial fishermen, law enforcement personnel, bathers, and
"protect" beachfront communities from climatic and geological joy-riders. Operators often get on the beach at unauthorized dune
processes. Frequently, groins and jetties constructed to "stabilize" cross-overs and frequently drive on all portions of the beach,
eroding coastal areas have also significantly contributed to habitat posing a threat to nesting, foraging, and roosting birds. The small
alteration. size and efficient camouflage of tern and plover nests, eggs, and
chicks make them essentially invisible to ORV drivers and
In addition to loss of habitat, several secondary impacts are occupants. Young plovers feed at the water's edge and young
associated with residential development of coasts. Because people terns tend to congregate on the lower beach waiting to be fed by
live near the beach, they walk on it more frequently, disturbing returning adults, often placing them in the direct paths of fast-
territorial and nesting birds. Children often think collection or moving vehicles. Heavy beach traffic during the breeding season
destruction of eggs or chasing chicks is fun. People bring cats and frequently results in colony and nest abandonment.
dogs to their beach houses; unleashed pets are a great danger to
beach-nesting birds. Dogs and cats have destroyed numerous tern
colonies and plover nests. Dogs have been known to chase and kill
most of a colony's chicks, breaking eggs and causing catastrophic

PAGE 22

Pedestrians, Swimmers, Sunbathers, and Picnickers Mechanical Dredges

Presence of pedestrians in proximity to colonies and nest sites also Mechanical dredges are designed to operate in proximity to docks,
poses substantial problems. Birds in the process of territory bulkheads, and other structures. Examples include clamshell,
establishment and pair-bonding are very sensitive to disturbance. dipper/backhoe, and bucket dredges. They usually operate with
Bathers and picnickers who are unaware of nesting birds will separate material transport and disposal vessels. The principal
unintentionally approach and linger too close, causing adults to advantage of mechanical equipment is the high sediment- to -water
leave their nests, exposing eggs and young to temperature extremes ratio of material to be relocated, which permits disposal in small
(overheating due to direct sunshine on hot days and chilling on containment areas or transport over long distances.
cooler, overcast days) that commonly lead to death by exposure.
Eggs and chicks also become vulnerable to avian predators.
Frequent disturbance of this sort often results in site Hydraulic Dredges
abandonment. When people actually enter colonies, further
damage occurs. Eggs and chicks may be crushed under foot, and Hydraulic dredges use centrifugal pumps to transport material.
mobile young may be separated from parents and die of starvation Water mixes with sediments to form a slurry, which is pumped
or injury by other adults. through a pipeline to the disposal area. Examples of this
equipment include cutterhead, dustpan, sidecaster, and hopper
Regular, daytime use of the beach just above the water line by dredges. Depending on the type of hydraulic dredge, sediment
people and/or vehicles prevents plover chicks from feeding, and can be deposited on an upland site or in open water.
may be a major factor in the lack of reproductive success of Long
Island's Piping Plovers. Dredging on Long Island is usually conducted with hydraulic
equipment, using upland disposal areas located close to the dredge
4.3 Dredging Operations site. Habitats used by breeding terns and plovers are frequently
situated adjacent to channels and basins that require dredging
Dredging operations are conducted to maintain navigable since these are the areas of accreting sand and sediments. This
waterways, harbors, and marinas and to restore recreational proximity often means that birds nest in areas selected as
beaches that have eroded. Dredging permits are issued through a deposition sites.
process that involves the Army Corps of Engineers, NYSDEC,
NYSDOS, Nassau or Suffolk County, townships, and villages. Material Deposition and Placement of Pipelines
Objectives and environmental impacts are considered in each case.
Approval of permits often takes six months and is initiated long Placement of dredged materials on or near active nest sites can
before beach-nesting birds return in the spring. Selection of a cause severe disruption or failure of nesting. Consequences
particular kind of dredge depends on the site and the disposal include interruption of territory establishment, destruction of eggs
method. Material to be dredged, site accessibility, hydrology, and and young, and abandonment of nest sites or colonies. Deposition
weather conditions dictate the choice. The two basic types of of unsuitable silty material on currently inactive but previously
equipment available are mechanical and hydraulic dredges. used or potential breeding sites may result in damage to or loss of

PAGE 23

suitable habitat. Open water disposal may impact prey fish treatment systems and agriculture can lead to dramatic changes in
populations through temporary changes in the marine marine ecosystems. Recent algal blooms that have plagued Peconic
environment. Bay and adjacent waters may be the result of this process. The
capacity of Long Island's marine and coastal environments to
Hydraulic dredging requires placement of pipelines between support viable populations of breeding birds depends on the
dredges and disposal areas. Pipelines can interfere with nesting, quality of its ecosystems.
and in the event of equipment failure such as a leaking pipe,
destroy a colony or nest site. It is possible, however, through Residential Garbage and Beach Litter
careful scheduling of work, placement of pipelines, and selection
of deposition sites, that dredging can occur with little or no impact Degradation of nesting habitats and foraging areas is a growing
on plovers and terns. Furthermore, dredged material can be used problem. Garbage from beachside homes is a source of food for
to improve unsuitable nesting habitat and create new habitat. predators, artificially increasing their numbers near such
developments. Refuse left on beaches by recreational users
attracts wild predators such as gulls, crows (Corvus
4.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation brachyrhynchos), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and red foxes (Vulpes
vulpes), as well as domestic pets and feral cats and dogs. Presence
Environmental degradation and predation are included as a single of these predators on beaches increases disturbance of adult birds
topic here because of the unfortunate relationship that these two and the chances for destruction of eggs and chick mortality. In
factors have with respect to the welfare of beach-nesting addition, adult birds have been known to become entangled in the
shorebirds. These species exist in a tenuous balance with their plastic packaging of six-pack beverages and monofilament fishing
predators. Often a change in or near the nesting habitat through line and hooks, causing injuries, reducing abilities to forage,
pollution, physical alteration, or introduction of residential increasing vulnerability to predators, and causing mortality.
housing may be enough to tilt this balance in favor of predators,
often to the extent that an entire colony's nesting effort may be Predation is a major limiting factor in success of beach-nesting
met with no success at all. birds. A diverse array of avian and mammalian predators,
consisting of both native and non-native species, feed on eggs,
Water Pollution young, and occasionally adults. Native mammals include gray
squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), skunks(Spilogale putorius),
Toxic substances and concentrated nutrients in marine sediments raccoons, opossums (Didelphis virginiana), red foxes, and weasels.
can have immediate impacts if these sediments are part of dredged Non-native mammals consist of domestic and feral animals, and
material deposited at colonies and nest sites. Intertidal sand and Norway and black (Rattus rattus) rats. Native birds include Black-
mud flats become devoid of fauna if levels of pollutants are too crowned Night-Herons, Crows, Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria
high. Pollution of open waters can lead to declining fish interpres), Great Horned Owls, and Great Black-backed and
populations, reducing food availability for foraging terns. Birds Herring (Larus argentatus) Gulls. The only non-native bird
can be contaminated by feeding on tainted fish, depressing their species that is a potential threat is the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris).
productivity. Input of nutrient-rich effluents from sewage

PAGE 24

A number of these species are able to exploit food sources individuals is necessary to take advantage of these opportunities.
associated with human activity (garbage) and have increased their In situations where conflict arises, reasonable solutions can often
numbers over the years as human development has expanded. be achieved simply through development of an awareness of the
Increased numbers of predators cause greater mortality and reduce resource and its vulnerability. Management approaches described
reproductive success. in this plan largely reflect the results of previous cooperative
efforts which have led to the practices now in use by several
4.5 Vegetation Succession agencies, organizations, and individuals concerned about
protecting Long Island's coastal areas.
Vegetation succession is primarily a problem on dredge material
disposal sites. These sites are ideal for colonization by a variety of 5.1 Coastal Land Development
weedy plant species, which eventually overgrow the site, rendering
it unsuitable for nesting plovers and Least Terns. Roseate and Loss of shorebird habitat to residential development and use is the
Common Terns may still nest in denser vegetation, but eventually most direct, obvious, and irreversible factor threatening Long
the entire site becomes unsuitable. Because of overall habitat loss, Island's plovers and terns. Although most of the nesting habitat
birds have fewer and fewer alternate areas to move to when some for these birds is located on public land, the permanance of the
sites become overgrown, resulting in decreased reproductive adverse impact that residential development can have on habitats
success. located on private land, or even adjacent to private lands, makes
residential development one of the more important factors
4.6 Flooding threatening the welfare of these species. Coastal development is
also a complicated issue to address, requiring cooperation and
Natural beach habitats are constantly changing, as some get too coordination at every governmental level and broad support from
vegetated others are opened up by wind and wave action. Low- the public.
lying beaches that appear suitable for nesting are subject to
flooding during storms and extremely high tides. If this occurs at A lesson that can be learned from beach-nesting shorebirds is how
an active colony, eggs and young are destroyed and the site is difficult and unpredictable life can be in a dynamic environment.
usually abandoned. As mentioned above, overall habitat loss has Barrier beaches and dunes by their very nature are unstable and
reduced alternate sites available to birds from a colony destroyed basically incompatible with permanent structures such as inlet
by flooding, further decreasing reproductive success. jetties or houses. Permanaent structures have been maintained
with varying degrees of success; the point is that substantial
economic and physical commitment has been required to preserve
5.0 REDUCING ADVERSE IMPACTS: Managing to enhance these structures in the face of natural change.
habitat values and nesting success Residential development in particular comes at a large cost to both
Opportunities exist to prevent or reduce impacts of human taxpayers and those seeking to live on the barrier beaches. This
activities on breeding populations of beach-nesting birds. cost includes federal flood insurance support; construction and
Cooperation among diverse private and public organizations and maintenance of roads, bridges, sewers, telephone lines, and

PAGE 25

utilities in areas where they are certain to sustain damage from A third step towards restoring natural beach environments would
ocean storms and hurricanes and where they only benefit and be to gradually phase out federal flood insurance coverage for
service waterfront landowners; emergency relief services to coastal existing coastal properties and cease issuance of new policies.
landownerq -1 -- 1,omes are damaged or destroyed by hurricanes Availability of inexpensive coverage has only encouraged
and stwins; an. - '-wtion of extremely expensive groins, construction in vulnerable areas. Withdrawal of coverage won't
bulkheads, and other stru.- @s which, at best, provide temporary discourage all coastal development; many individuals are wealthy
protection for coastal developments. enough to afford private insurance. But, at least the public won't
be involved in the business of financing construction and
Add to these public and private costs the biological costs that reconstruction of beachfront houses.
species pay. Beach-nesting shorebirds have declined over the last
thirty years; during the same time period, second homes and A fourth step in restoring habitat value is to consider removal of
permanant residences on the coast have flourished. It has not been shoreline structures such as groins and bulkheads in instances
demonstrated that these two uses - residential use by humans and where the value of these structures is questionable. Structural
beach nesting by shorebirds - can coexist. At some point, an approaches may exacerbate the effects of erosion or may transfer
active decision may be needed to determine where one use the effects of erosion to adjacent areas. Even when gains in the
prevails. If the decision is made that shorebird habitat is to be immediate project area are realized, losses to erosion often appear
preserved and protected, then the following steps should be taken. to have accelerated in downdrift areas. In general, it has not been
prudent from a habitat value perspective to stablize one section of
A first step toward protecting existing habitat is to restrict new the coast at the cost of another section. The test that should be
coastal construction. Certain undeveloped barrier beaches should met for existing or proposed structural approaches is whether off-
be preserved in natural condition based on habitat resource values. site effects can be observed or expected. Too often, the only
Plans for appropriate acquisition of private lands should be benefits considered are those in the immediate project area, with
developed, and public agencies should dedicate these lands as disastrous impacts on adjacent areas being ignored.
natural beaches for wildlife habitat.
A fifth step is to determine where private property ends and
A second step is to restore value to suitable habitat areas by public property begins at important nesting areas sandwiched
restricting rebuilding of existing structures damaged by erosion or between the ocean and an almost solid row of beachfront homes.
storms. In December 1989, the Long Island Regional Planning Debates about who owns beaches and dunes that shorebirds use
Board proposed that buildings in vulnerable areas sustaining must be resolved. Private landowners generally claim ownership
damage costing more than half their replacement value should be of all the dunes right down to the water and occasionally prevent
razed followed by public acquisition of the property. Although plover and tern stewards from fencing and posting nest sites and
controversial, this recommendation is being considered throughout colonies. Landowners feel fencing interferes with their use of the
the Atlantic coast, particularly in light of the damage to the South beach and views of the ocean. New York State, however,
Carolina coast by Hurricane Hugo in September 1989. Restricting generally claims ownership up to the mean high tide line, which
rebuilding is the only certain way to reverse habitat loss that has is based on a "floating" seven-year average. At sites where the
proven so detrimental to plovers, terns, and other coastal species. federal, state, and/or local governments have undertaken public

PAGE 26

works projects or actively nourished beaches or filled underwater and plover nests and chicks. And, all litter should be cleaned up
lands (at the taxpayers' expense), the state claims ownership of all immediately.
newly created land and acereted land resulting from the public
works projects. For example, at some sites on Southampton's Throughout the rest of the summer, most areas can sustain some
Dune Road, private property doesn't reach seaward of toes of the levels of recreational use without necessarily disturbing nesting
first vegetated dunes, although most landowners are unaware of birds and their young. In order for this to occur, management
this. This is particularly significant because the strip between the techniques need to be employed that effectively achieve separation
high tide line and the vegetated dunes is usually the area the birds of colonies and nest sites from human activities. These techniques
use for nesting. Appropriate legal research should be done; letters direct human activities to less sensitive portions of the beach and
and educational brochures should be developed and distributed to dune environment during the months that are critical to the
all affected landowners. Public information meetings may also be reproductive success of plovers and terns.
appropriate vehicles for presenting this kind of information to
homeowners associations. Adequate educational and enforcement Separating Recreational Users from Nesting Birds
efforts should follow throughout the breeding season.
Timely assessment of site use by birds is the necessary prerequisite
5.2 Recreational Use to establishing a sound protection program. Once active sites are
identified, marking of perimeters and posting with educational
In comparison to residential development and use, adverse impacts signs can be done by trained volunteers, landowners, municipal
arising from recreational use in or near beach-nesting shorebird employees, or professional stewards. Posting and marking must be
habitat is less obvious and reversible. Adverse impacts due to completed before Memorial Day weekend, when the first major
conflicting recreational use probably constitute the single greatest influx of beach visitors takes place. The remainder of the breeding
threat to the welfare of these species. This conclusion is based on season may be used for monitoring nesting success, protection of
two observations: first, most of the nesting habitat is in public, not the nesting site, and public education.
private, ownership; and second, both birds and people concentrate
their activities in the same, limited places. Timing of colony and nest site establishment is variable,
depending on the particular species and weather. Piping Plovers
Chronic effects of recreational beach use during the breeding usually have nests by late April or early May. Terns usually
season can be seen at virtually every site on Long Island. The establish colonies by late May. An unusually cold or wet spring
double jeopardy resulting from huge Memorial Day weekend can delay nesting territory establishment.
crowds followed by even larger Fourth of July weekend crowds
accompanied by after-dark fireworks displays is devastating to Several colony sites have relatively consistent historical use or
many colonies. Permits for all public and private fireworks clear topographical boundaries and may be marked before spring
displays should be reviewed for their impacts on plovers and terns. arrival of birds. Exact locations of most sites however, vary from
Those proposed in proximity to active nesting sites should be year to year, but generally by no more than one-half mile. This
relocated. Sponsors of all displays should have adequate crowd seasonal variation makes it difficult to mark the colony boundaries
and vehicle control capabilities to prevent damage to tern colonies until birds arrive and establish territories. In many cases, colonies

PAGE 27

expand beyond the previous year's boundary line, requiring one or boundary can be accomplished by a variety of methods, ranging
more adjustments to physical markers. Appropriate marking of from light string lines to heavy snow fencing. The method used
the colony can be effectively used to create restricted corridors for depends on the type of recreational use the beach receives. This
vehicular and pedestrian movement. Boundary markers and signs section describes the process used each season by volunteers and
may be re- - coon as birds leave a site, whether as a result professionals throughout Long Island in a ritual that has become
of mid-season abandoi. -nt or completion of the breeding season. as commonplace as the return of the birds to the beaches.

Public Education 1. Identify active breeding areas through observation of courting
A prerequisite for a successful protection program is education. or nesting birds.
People have to be shown how they can share beaches with nesting 2. Determine primary and buffer zone boundaries of the colony
birds - often it is only lack of knowledge that is the problem. Few or nest site.
people are interested in harming these birds out of malice, and a. Primary boundary for solitary Piping Plovers is the nest
those who are given the reasoning behind habitat and species itself.
conservation often become sympathetic supporters. Indeed, the b. Primary boundary for a tern colony is a line that
most valuable resource in achieving protection of these habitats, includes all nests on the periphery of the colony.
are local citizens who take an interest in these birds and c. Buffer zone boundary is 200-800 feet from the primary
voluntarily watch out for their welfare. The point made here is boundary, depending on site topography, and should be
that the public must be informed of the importance of maximized wherever possible.
management activities for coastal habitats and species. State and
federal agencies publish informative leaflets on the biology and 3. Select appropriate fencing and erect it along the buffer zone
vulnerability of beach-nesting species and their habitats. Formal boundary line.
programs to disseminate these materials to the beach-using a. String fencing should be used at sites where a visual or
population could be created. Outreach through schools and the symbolic barrier will be sufficient to deter vehicular and
media should be considered as a means of educating large numbers pedestrian disturbance.
of people. Ongoing education will increase awareness of the - Use nylon "Mason's Twine" or a similar product.
presence and vulnerability of nesting birds and enhance the It is durable, inexpensive, and reusable.
public's willingness to participate in protection of their habitat. - Attach a single string to five-foot steel fence
posts spaced not more than 50 feet apart along the
Management of Adverse Impacts from Recreational Use: A buffer zone boundary line.
Checklist of Minimum Requirements for Protection of Colonies and - Tie pieces of highly visible surveyor's flagging
Nest Sites every ten feet along the string.
- At sites with vehicular and/or heavy pedestrian
Each season, colonies and nesting sites on beaches that also receive use, attach two strands of string two feet apart to
recreational use have to be identified and marked to direct posts or set up an inner and outer fence line with
recreational use away from sensitive habitat. Marking the site's

PAGE 28

the inner fence at least 200 feet from the primary are designed to allow people to read them without having
boundary. to come all the way up to the boundary before being able
- Place reflective tape or fluorescent surveyor's to discern their message. These signs are variable in size.
flagging on signs and posts at sites that experience b. Informational or educational signs are usually large (2
night-time vehicular use. x 3 feet) and explain in greater detail the biology of the
b. Snow fencing should be used at sites that require protected species and the dangers of disturbance. These
physical barriers to prevent disturbance or at sites where signs are erected at places where they will receive the
this type of fencing can effectively seal off the entire site greatest amount of attention from recreational beach-users
from virtually all forms of disturbance. (access paths from parking areas, ends of elongate
- Use untreated wooden slat snow fencing. colonies, along boundary fences or 20-30 feet outside
- Use wire to attach snow fence to five-foot steel fences at points closest to areas used by people).
fence posts spaced 6-8 feet apart along the buffer c. Boundary or restricted signs should be interspersed
zone boundary. with informational or educational signs, and there should
- Place reflective tape or fluorescent surveyor's be some kind of sign every 25-75 feet along colony or nest
flagging on fencing or posts at sites that site boundaries. Permanent signs should be attached to
experience night-time vehicular use. year-round snow fence, explaining the objectives and
- Colonies or nest sites located on spits or timing of beach access restrictions.
peninsulas can be completely closed off by running d. Nuisance signs indicate presence of hazardous plants
fencing across the spit or peninsula from water to (poison ivy) or pests (ticks) and are effective in reducing
water. Signs are still required along the water's intrusion by pedestrians. These signs should only be
edge to prevent landing or intrusion by boaters. erected when such a nuisance actually exists.
Elevated dredge disposal sites can be completely e. Signs should include the names and/or logos of
enclosed by snow fence. organizations and government entities that are active in
protection efforts.
4. Install plastic or nylon signs bolted to steel fence posts (large f. Most fencing and signs should be removed as soon as
format signs can be mounted on 4 x 4-inch wooden posts) at birds leave a site, whether as a result of mid-season
appropriate points around colonies or nest sites. abandonment or completion of the breeding season. In
a. Boundary or restricted signs are usually small (12 x 12- some cases, however, it is a beneficial educational
inch) and tersely worded, stating that access is restricted opportunity to leave snow fences up throughout the year,
because of beach-nesting birds and citing laws and but replace breeding season signs with more appropriate
regulations that govern the restrictions. These signs are signs, explaining why the fence is there and timing of
designed to meet legal posting requirements in order to be access restrictions.
able to take legal action against trespassers and must be
erected at intervals of not more than 100 feet. Other
restricted signs make simple statements in large, bold
lettering ("NO BOAT LANDING" or "KEEP OUT") and

PAGE 29

5.3 Dredging Operations their own staff or an independent individual) to visit the site to
confirm or update existing information. Since this site visit may
The major conflict between dredging operations and nesting birds have to occur before birds normally return to breed, the assessing
is one of timing; because of favorable weather conditions and the biologist must be aware of historical use of the site by birds and
need to provide navigational access during the recreational boating the nesting habitat preferences of all species of concern. This
season, dredge operators usually work during the nesting period guide provides an excellent starting point for this type of review.
for plovers and terns on Long Island (March 15 - August 15). The biologist makes recommendations on timing of dredging,
Some dredging does, however, occur at times outside this time placement of pipelines, and dredge disposal sites. Agency staff
period. In these instances, the concern is over modification of review these recommendations and impose appropriate restrictions
existing habitat or creation of new habitat by the placement of on the permit before approving the operation.
dredged materials. In either case, measures can be taken to
eliminate or reduce impacts of dredging operations on nesting Guidelines for Dredging Operations Scheduled Outside the
birds. Breeding Season (August 15 - March 15) ar During the Breeding
Season at Inactive Sites
Permits from the US Army Corps of Engineers, NYS Department
of Environmental Conservation (DEC), and Suffolk or Nassau The primary issue of concern in these instances is dredged
Counties are required for all dredging operations. NYS material disposal. Biologists can make recommendations for
Department of State's Division of Coastal Resources and habitat improvement by directing spoil deposition to a particular
Waterfront Revitalization reviews the federal and state permits for portion of the site. Encroaching vegetation or silty substrates
consistency with coastal management policies and, in the case of unsuitable for nesting can be covered with suitable nesting
federal permits, has the statutory authority to prevent the issuance substrates (coarse sand, pebbles, or broken shells). Dredge
of permits that would result in adverse impacts to designated material can also be used to increase site elevation and reduce
habitats. Local municipalities with approved waterfront flooding. Biologists also make recommendations to lessen the
revitalization plans also gain review authority over state actions, probability of degradation of existing habitat values by dredging
and have statutory authority to object to issuance of state permits operations.
which may led to adverse impacts on the habitats. Guidelines for Dredging Operations Scheduled for the Breeding
When a permit application is submitted, it is first necessary to Season (March 15 - August 15)
determine nesting habitat for birds is nearby and whether records
of actual use by birds exist. Written information requests from Principal issues to be resolved include delineating and identifying
applicants for permits can be directed to the DEC's Information nesting habitat; determining dredged material suitability as nesting
Services in Latham, NY (see Appendix 10.1 for address). The substrate; selection of deposition sites; scheduling equipment set-
"Site Narratives" section of this report provides information on up and operation; and, positioning on-shore equipment.
relevant aspects of all recently active tern colonies and plover nest
sites. Additionally, in the permit review process, either state or
federal reviewers may designate a qualified biologist (a member of

PAGE 30

1. Selection of a dredged material disposal site depends on an pipe joints for potential leaks; flow from leaks can
assessment of nesting habitat values in project area and on an destroy eggs and kill chicks once the colony is active.
analysis of the material composition. Pipelines should remain in place until the end of the
a. No material should be deposited on sites assessed by a breeding season to avoid disturbance.
qualified biologist as suitable for nesting. d. Pipeline discharges should be located at least 600 feet
b. In areas with limited habitat value, suitable material from sites used by over ten pairs of terns, or more than
may be used for habitat improvement or restoration. one pair of Piping Plovers.
- High quality sediments contain a large proportion e. Material should be deposited no closer than 200 feet
of sand with lesser amounts of shell particles to a site used by fewer than ten pairs of terns, or one pair
(0.025-0.125 inches in diameter) and small pebbles. of Piping Plovers. Slurry water should not be allowed to
- Organic materials and fine silts are not suitable. flow through the habitat.
- If unsuitable sediments are present, they may be f. Heavy equipment use for material transport or grading
used if capped with 1-2 feet of suitable sand and should be set back at least 1000 feet from an active site.
coarser materials.
C. Suitable material may be used to cover excessive 3. Once equipment is deployed, additional safeguards must be
vegetation (> 5% coverage) on Piping Plovers and Least taken. These depend on the actual habitat use following arrival of
and Common Tern sites. Not all vegetation should be the birds.
covered at sites that include Roseate Tern use. a. Identify active breeding areas within 1500 feet of the
d. Sites used for material deposition within the past 5 work site through observation of courting or nesting birds
years should be renewed with new material and the area of (April and May). Birds are easily disturbed during
suitable habitat should be increased if possible. courtship and territory establishment, so observations
e. If existing substrates are unsuitable for nesting, should be conducted from a distance. Once birds have
material may be deposited regardless of its suitability for completed nests and are laying eggs, they are much less
nesting (other environmental concerns such as wetland or easily disturbed.
runoff problems would still have to be addressed). b. Determine primary and buffer zone boundaries of the
colony or nest site.
2. Actual deployment of equipment depends on the historical use - Primary boundary for solitary Piping Plovers is
boundaries of the habitat area and project timing. the nest itself.
a. Set up on-shore equipment before the birds' arrival. - Primary boundary for a tern colony is a line that
Timing will be variable and depends on weather and bird includes all nests on the periphery of the colony.
species. Generally, equipment should be set up in March. - Buffer zone boundary is 200-800 feet from the
No equipment set up should occur once birds have arrived. primary boundary, depending on site topography,
b. Pipelines should be located at least 200 feet away from and should be maximized wherever possible.
habitat boundaries whenever possible. c. Select appropriate fencing material and erect it along
c. Pipelines may be located along historical habitat the buffer zone boundary (See Section 5.2.4).
boundaries provided that extra care is taken to check all

PAGE 31

5.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation following information on assessing and reducing predation are
taken from Buckley & Buckley (1978).
Degradat.*---- "@Ps with litter and food scraps attracts
scavenger-predatuis , -@r and tern nesting areas. Eggs, Indications of excessive predation, by either native or non-native
chicks, and occasionally, adult plovers and terns are killed, and predators include:
may be eaten, by these animals. Controlling beach litter reduces - large numbers of punctured eggs;
attraction of potential predators to these areas. Garbage cans on - large numbers of broken eggs with yolk inside
beaches should be located away from nesting areas and should be (unhatched eggs);
emptied and cleaned (deodorized) frequently. Beaches near - partially eaten or dismembered adults or young;
nesting areas should be routinely patrolled for litter. Educational - large numbers of uneaten, dead chicks;
materials should inform beach users of the hazards of litter and - large numbers of displaced or missing eggs;
food scraps. - sudden appearance of empty nests previously containing
eggs;and,
Garbage from nearby residences increases the amount of food - tracks, scats, or other signs of predator species.
available to potential predators, and increasing the predator
population in the area. An increased number of predators are Native predators include a number of bird and mammal species.
likely to result in an increase in losses of eggs and chicks. Control of these animals should only be conducted when it is
Garbage cans should be tightly covered and kept within determined that excessive predation is occurring or when
scavenger-proof enclosures. Garbage bags, which can be ripped endangered species are threatened. Ideally, the species and
open by animals, should not be left unattended for pick-up. individual responsible for mortality should be determined. DEC
Regular patrols by municipal or private sanitation crews should be must provide a nuisance wildlife permit before any protected or
made to pick up roadside litter and trash. If household food game species may be trapped; suitable sites for release of live
scraps are added to backyard compost piles, provisions to exclude animals are often difficult to find. Never release animals without
scavengers should be made. Intentional and unintentional feeding permission of the landowner.
of potential predators (gulls, raccoons, skunks, foxes, weasels, etc.)
should be discouraged. Sometimes, electric fences and physical exclosures can be used
successfully to deter predators, although these are generally only
Predation by native species is a natural process that should only be effective in protecting eggs in nests. Once eggs hatch, plover
interfered with when it reaches excessive proportions. Conversely, chicks are highly mobile and do not stay within a fenced area.
predation by non-native animals should be controlled as soon as it Attempts to reduce gull predation in tern colonies by stringing
is detected, regardless of its intensity. Upon observing any monofilament fishing line from post to post several feet above the
mortality due to predation, the identity of the predator should be ground has had success elsewhere. It may be appropriate to test
determined, either by observations in the field or analysis of kills this method at selected Long Island colonies suffering significant
by a wildlife biologist or veterinarian with appropriate experience. predation by gulls or owls. All predator control efforts must be
Determination of the presence of predators before the onset of the approved and supervised by a DEC biologist.
breeding season facilitates a successful control program. The

PAGE 32

Non-native predators include domestic dogs and cats, rats, and material to increase elevation of the site or removal of erosion-
domesticated animals that have been allowed to become wild. If inducing structures may be the only alternatives to this problem,
their presence is confirmed, these threats should be controlled or since the birds do not appear to adapt in these cases. Follow-up
removed whenever conditions and local laws allow. Norway and monitoring should be conducted to see if any corrective actions
black rats can be controlled by poisoning, trapping, and burrow make birds more or less likely to attempt to nest at the site and to
destruction, preferably by a licensed exterminator under the measure their reproductive success if they do attempt nesting.
supervision of a wildlife biologist. If rats are confirmed at a site,
the control program should be conducted prior to arrival of birds. Other colonies are lost to flooding in unusually high tides or storm
surges. Given the environment that these birds must nest in, very
Feral dogs and cats should be eradicated by any acceptable few sites are safe from this kind of flooding. High waters may
method. Laws governing unleashed pets must be strictly enforced, occur only once every several years, and birds may attempt
particularly within one-half mile of colonies or nest sites. renesting at the same site after waters recede. Attempts to prevent
sporadic flooding would probably result in greater disturbance to
5.5 Vegetation Succession the habitat and birds than the flooding itself, and generally should
Vegetation succession eventually leads to reduced suitability of not be undertaken.
nesting sites for all but Roseate Terns. The quality of an 6.0 Existing Public Agency Responsibilities
excessively vegetated site can be improved by manual (using hand for Natural Resource Management
tools) or mechanical (using tractors and bulldozers) removal of
vegetation. Excessive vegetation may also be covered using Many government agencies have overlapping responsibilities and
suitable dredged material or sandy material from other sources. jurisdictions for management and regulation of activities on Long
Manipulation of designated tidal wetlands requires a DEC permit. Island's coast. This section provides an introduction to the
different agencies along with brief descriptions of their
5.6 Flooding responsibilities. Material presented in this chapter is adapted from
New York's Eastern Lake Ontario Sand Dunes: Resources,
Loss of tern colonies and plover nests from flooding is due to Problems, and Manaitement Guidelines (DOS, 1989).
several reasons. Unfortunately, birds often select low-lying areas
that are likely to be flooded during a "normal" monthly high tide. 6.1 Federal Agencies
Why birds do this is unknown. They may be returning to a site
used successfully in previous years that has subsequently lost Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
elevation to erosion. They may be young, inexperienced birds
who are inexperienced at selecting nest sites. Or, these birds may All of Long Island falls within jurisdiction of the New York
be selecting these sites as the best available habitat due to factors District of the Corps of Engineers, which is headquartered in New
which make other seemingly suitable areas unsuitable to them, York City. Under provisions of federal laws (Section 10 of the
such as presence of predators or humans. In any case, these River and Harbor Act of 1899; Section 404 of the Clean Water
situations seem to occur every season. Deposition of dredge Act; and, Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research and

PAGE 33

Sanctuaries Act), the COE regulates structures in or affecting Department of the Interior (DOI)
navigable waters of the United States and reviews and issues
permits for excavation or deposition of materials in navigable The Department of the Interior includes: the National Park Service
waters. The COE is also responsible for evaluating applications (NPS), which manages Gateway National Recreation Area,
for Department of the Army permits to deposit dredged and/or fill Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Fire Island National
material into waters of the U.S., including adjacent wetlands. In Seashore; and, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), which manages
general, a permit must be received from the COE for filling Seatuck and Morton National Wildlife Refuges. Under the federal
wetlands and navigable waters, placement of structures in Endangered Species Act, FWS is responsible for identifying
navigable waters, and dredging and disposal of dredged material. species whose populations are at dangerously low levels, such as
The COE is also responsible for Federal navigation projects the Piping Plover (threatened), Least Tern (threatened), and
specifically authorized by Acts of Congress. Roseate Tern (endangered) and preparing and implementing
recovery plans to restore the populations of these species. FWS
On Long Island, the COE plays a major role in the protection of reviews plans for all federal actions, including insuance of COE
beach-nesting shorebirds since COE permits are required for all permits, that might affect listed species to ensure that the species
public and private dredging activities, including maintenance of and their habitats will not be jeopardized by the actions. FWS
boating channels, structures in or over wetlands, and fill in or agents will respond to reports of harrassment or taking of any
adjacent to the water, including depostion of dredged materials. federally protected species. FWS has delegated the authority to
Any such activity failing at or below the high spring tide line issue permits to individuals who conduct research or management
requires a COE permit. The COE is also directly responsible for activities that affect federally listed species to staff of the New
construction and maintenance of inlet jetties, canals, navigation York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
channels, major groin fields, and beach nourishment for hurricane
and storm protection.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NOAA is a branch of the US Department of Commerce that
EPA is the primary federal agency responsible for administering administers the federal Coastal Zone Management Program,
and enforcing federal environmental laws such as the Clean Water authorized by the federal Coastal Zone Management Act. This
Act and National Environmental Policy Act. Long Island is under federal program transfers jurisdiction to the New York State
the jurisdiction of the Region 11 office of EPA, located in New Coastal Management Program, which is administered by the NYS
York City. EPA reviews all COE permits for dredging and Department of State. Under this program, the State gains the
construction of coastal structures and has the authority to veto authority to review all federal actions affecting the State's coastal
issuance of permits if environmental standards are not met. EPA zone. No federal permit can be issued by a federal agency, unless
can take enforcement actions against unauthorized activities, the state agrees through its coastal management program. Direct
impose civil fines, and seek criminal penalties. federal actions such as federal navigation channel dredging, beach
nourishment, or inlet maintenance also must be consistent with the
State's coastal policies.

PAGE 34

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) authorize protection and regulation of use and development of
freshwater and tidal wetlands. Any activities resulting in a loss of
FEMA administers the National Flood Insurance Program. wetlands or impairment of their functions and benefits require a
DEC permit. Buffer areas up to 100 feet from the wetland for
6.2 State Agencies freshwater wetlands and 300 feet from the wetland for tidal
wetlands are included in the protected and regulated areas.
Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Provisions of the tidal wetlands law provide some degree of
protection for almost all plover and tern nesting areas, which
DEC's Region I office in Stony Brook has responsibility for normally occur within 300 feet of the "littoral zone" (shoreline);
resource management and regulatory review for Nassau and enforcement, however, is variable. Maps of designated freshwater
Suffolk Counties, and Region I staff work closely with DEC's and tidal wetlands are maintained at DEC's Region I office at
headquarters Non-Game and Endangered Species Units. DEC Stony Brook.
Region I staff manage two sites used by Long Island's beach-
nesting birds and conduct periodic nesting surveys in all colonies. The state's Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Act empowers DEC to
DEC's Region 2 office in New York City has similar identify and map coastal erosion hazard areas and adopt
responsibilities on Long Island in Queens and Brooklyn. regulations to control certain activities and development in these
areas; regulatory authority may be delegated to municipalities that
The state's Endangered Species Act authorizes DEC to list and develop comparable programs. Maps have been filed for all of
protect "endangered" and "threatened" species. DEC's Division of Long Island and can be viewed at DEC's Region I (Nassau and
Fish and Wildlife is responsible for identifying and listing these Suffolk Counties) and Region 2 (Brooklyn and Queens) Offices or
species and reviewing state permits for activities that might impact at all included municipal (town and village) offices. The City of
them. DEC lists Piping Plovers, Least Terns, and Roseate Terns New York has declined to develop its own program and relies on
as "endangered" and Common Terns as "threatened." Although the DEC's Region 2 Office to review and issue permits in erosion
authority of the state to protect habitats of state-listed species, as hazard areas. All towns except for the Town of East Hampton and
opposed to just the organisms themselves, under the state's some villages have assumed local regulatory jurisdiction; DEC
Endangered Species Act has never been tested, some DEC staff currently has regulatory authority in the Town of East Hampton.
believe that authority exists; others interpret the Endangered Coastal erosion hazard areas include "structural hazard areas,"
Species Act as only authorizing protection of the organisms which are receding at an average rate of one foot or more per
themselves. Even if the limited interpretation of the Endangered year, and "natural protective feature areas," which include
Species Act were correct, the authority to protect habitats is very beaches, dunes, sandbars, spits, shoals, barrier bays, barrier
clear under the Coastal Management Program, which is available islands, bluffs, and wetlands. Construction or placement of a
to all State agencies. DEC reviews and issues all permits to structure, or any action or use of land that significantly alters the
researchers and land managers whose work affects these beach- condition of the land, requires an erosion area permit. Specific
nesting birds in NYS. consideration of habitat values and presence of vulnerable species
is included under this act, and technically could be used to control
The state's Freshwater Wetlands Act and Tidal Wetlands Act many acitivities that currently threaten these resources.

PAGE 35

Under the state's Classification of Waters Program and pursuant database listing all known occurrences of rare species (plants and
to the federal Clean Water Act, New York has classified its coastal animals) and unusual or exemplary natural communities in New
waters and r. @ treams, lakes, and ponds according to York State. All occurrences are mapped on topographic maps.
consderations of best u-, ' has adopted water quality standards This information is used by DEC and other agencies in the
for each class of waters. Classifications are used by DEC in regulatory review process to avoid issuing permits that would
issuing permits to industrial and commercial users for effluent destroy or degrade these areas.
discharge into surface waters. Under the State Pollutant Discharge
Eliminations System (SPEDES), DEC regulates discharges into the Department of State (DOS)
state's surface and ground waters from all industrial, commercial,
and municipal users as well as those from residential subdivisions DOS, through its Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront
of five or more lots. Revitalization, administers New York State's Coastal Management
Program (CMP), which is located in the Department's Albany
Whenever a state permit is required or when certain applications offices.
to town boards for zoning variances, for example, are submitted,
a comprehensive review of environmental impacts of the action is Authority for CMP was established by the state Waterfront
required by the State Environmental Quality Review Act Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act of 1981, which
(SEQRA). SEQRA provides guidelines for determining which recognized that one of the greatest obstacles to regulatory
actions are likely to have a significant environmental impact (Type protection of NY's coastal areas was lack of consistency and
1), which triggers a more intensive review and may require coordination in enforcement of policies from one agency to
production of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and those another. The CMP has identified 44 coastal policies, which seek
actions that are not likely to have a significant environmental to balance resource protection and economic development in
impact (Type 11) and do not need SEQRA review or an EIS. coastal areas, that must be consistently considered and adhered to
SEQRA provides that any state agencies reviewing a Type I or regardless of the agency having lead responsibility, for all actioZ
unlisted action occurring in the coastal area must comply with regulated (requiring a permit), funded, or directly undertaken by
standards of the state Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal federal or state agencies and local actions requiring SEQRA review
Resources Act which includes specific provisions for the (except actions defined under SEQRA as Type 11 actions). DOS
protection of designated habitats (see following description of enforces these provisions unless the local municipality has
Department of State responsibilities). SEQRA also authorizes the prepared and implemented a DOS-approved Local Waterfront
designation of "critical environmental areas" by the state or local Revitalization Program, in which case the local municipality has
governments; any unlisted action occurring wholly or partially permitting and enforcement jurisdiction.
within or substantially contiguous to any critical environmental
area must be treated as a Type I action. CMP has designated and mapped "significant coastal fish and
wildlife habitats," based on recommendations by DEC, within the
The New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP), a joint effort coastal zone; these areas are targeted for protection by the coastal
of DEC and The Nature Conservancy, maintains offices with the management consistency requirements. Significant habitats are
Signficant Habitat Unit in Latham, NY. NYNHP maintains a those that 1) are essential to the survival of a large portion of a

PAGE 36

particular fish or wildlife population; 2) support a species listed as jurisdiction, while many under water lands within bays and Long
endangered, threatened, or of special concern in NYS; 3) support Island Sound are under local trustee jurisdiction within the towns.
fish or wildlife populations having significant commercial,
recreational, or educational value; or 4) contain a type of habitat Department of Health (DOH)
not commonly found in NYS or a coastal region of the state. All
sites which have demonstrated repeated use by the beach-nesting DOH enforces public health laws and the State Sanitary Code and
shorebirds considered in this report qualify for designation as reviews and approves all water and sewer/septic permits for
significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats. commercial uses and residential subdivisions. On Long Island,
authority to issue residential sewer/septic permits has been
Under the federal consistency standards of the CZMA, no federal delegated to county health departments, which also oversee water
permit may be issued or direct federal action take place without supply issues.
the concurence of the State's CMP. Since the only direct authority
for protection of habitats is contained in the CMP, the consistency 6.3 County, Town, and Municipal Agencies
requirement has become a particularly powerful regulatory
mechanism to achieve protection of beach-nesting shorebird Long Island comprises Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk
habitats. Counties. Kings and Queens Counties are within New York City
(boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively), and only Queens
Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) currently has habitat for plovers and terns. All but one site are
federally owned and managed; the single privately owned site is
OPRHP is responsible for maintaining a statewide system of parks subject to NYC zoning and development regulations.
and historic sites to meet the recreational needs of the people of
New York State. The Long Island Regional Office oversees Nassau County comprises three townships: Hempstead, North
management of several state parks on Long Island. Jones Beach, Hempstead, and Oyster Bay. Suffolk County includes the towns
Gilgo, Robert Moses, Caumsett, Heckscher, Hither Hills, of Babylon, Islip, Brookhaven, Riverhead, Smithtown,
Napeague, Montauk Point and Orient Beach State Parks are Huntington, Southampton, East Hampton, Shelter Island, and
managed primarily for recreational use, although all contain Southold. Nassau and Suffolk County health departments issue
significant habitats for beach-nesting birds. permits for septic and sewer systems within their boundaries.
Town and village planning and zoning boards have primary
Office of General Services (OGS) oversight for development projects. Most municipalities now have
"natural resource conservation boards" or "wetlands boards" that
OGS administers all state-owned coastal lands below high tide. participate in the review of any actions that might affect natural
Under the Public Lands Law, most private uses of submerged land resources. These boards make recommendations to their respective
within the public domain require a grant, easement, or lease from municipal planning boards.
OGS. The Division of Land Utilization in the Albany OGS office
administers this program. Lands under water or formally under As mentioned earlier, many municipalities have accepted
water along the Atlantic Ocean are generally under State responsibility for reviewing actions proposed in coastal erosion

PAGE 37

hazard areas and issuing permits with appropriate restrictions. devegetation of overgrown dredge spoil) within 300 feet of the
Most municipalities are also in the process of preparing local shoreline require a DEC tidal wetlands permit. And many
waterfront revitalization plans under direction of the state's coastal individuals do not realize that a DEC permit is needed to enter
managc 'In. When these plans are approved, tern colonies or disturb plovers, even though the disturbance
municipalities win ha% - -.sponsibility for reviewing all state and might only be the result of a nest count census. There is a clear
federal actions in the coastal zone to ensure their consideration need for state and local regulators to be better informed of all
and adherence to the 44 coastal management consistency species and habitat protection laws.
requirements of the State's CMP.

Any projects proposed within 500 feet of a tidal estuary (usually
the shoreline) receive additional review by the Long Island
Regional Planning Office, which assesses adequacy of restrictions,
if any, imposed by municipal planning boards. Although the
Regional Planning Office may recommend different restrictions
or conditions than a municipal planning board, the municipal
board can overrule regional recommendations.

Nassau and Suffolk Counties and many towns, town trustees, and
villages own and manage important natural areas, including many
nesting areas for plovers and terns. They promulgate regulations
for use of these sites, many of which are recreational bathing
beaches and parks, and issue permits for ORV use. All provisions
of both the Coastal Erosion Hazard Area Act and Waterfront
Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act must be considered by
local offices managing these areas.

A problem that became obvious while preparing this section of the
report is the degree to which state and local regulators are
unfamiliar with state and local statutes, particularly those which
they, as individuals, are not charged with enforcing. For example,
many species-oriented DEC staff were unaware of the habitat
protection provisions of the Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Act and
the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. Some
town staff were not aware that even beneficial activities (such as

PAGE 38

7.0 Site Narratives and Maps general location of interest, the index map provides rapid access
to the map number for habitat location and boundary details. A
These narratives and maps provide details about most known map and site name index is located on the back of each regional
nesting sites for Piping Plovers and Least, Common, and Roseate map providing direct reference to each site description.
Terns on Long Island. Many organizations and individuals have
helped collect this data, most notably staff and volunteers of the Site Descriptions and Maps
Seatuck Research Program, which publishes the annual Long
Island Piping Plover and Colonial Waterbird Survey. The Nature The following section provides an explanation of the abbreviations
Conservancy's plover and tern stewards for 1988 used Seatuck's and conventions used on the one-page site descriptions and the
data, along with that of DEC Region I and staff and volunteers of separate maps contained in this chapter.
National Audubon Society and local chapters, to generate a
summary for each site and provided information on the general Most site names are those used by the New York Natural Heritage
location of nesting birds at each site. Program (NYNHP) database as "survey" or "conservation" site
names. A comment notes the Seatuck Research Program's site
There may be active nest sites that are not included here because name where it is different from the site name used in this report.
they were not reported to DEC, Seatuck, or The Nature Location information includes county, town, and village or other
Conservancy. Some new 1989 sites, without previous use, are not "local" name.
included. In making land use decisions, a visit to the site in
question to assess the value of the site to plovers and terns should NYS Department of Transportation topographic maps were used
be made by a qualified biologist, regardless of whether it is an as the base for all mapping, and the code after each topographic
active site included in this report or not. map name is a code assigned by NYNHP. Although these maps
are updated periodically, they are never absolutely current.
Chapter Organization Coastal landforms are dynamic, and many features that show up
on the maps no longer exist or have changed significantly.
The chapter is divided into six regions based on municipal
boundaries and the location of habitat sites as follows: Ownership indicates whether the site is publicly or privately
owned, and if the site falls within a designated "significant coastal
Queens and Nassau Counties; fish and wildlife habitat," the Coastal Management Program's
Babylon, Islip, Huntington, and Smithtown; name for that site is listed.
Brookhaven and Riverhead;
Southampton; Species use information is presented in simple mnemonic code:
East Hampton; and, PP represents Piping Plovers;
Shelter Island and Southold. LT represents Least Terns;
CT represents Common Terns;
Each region begins with an index map to scale which includes an RT represents Roseate Terns; and,
accurate set of numbered detail map overlays. By knowing the BS represents Black Skimmers.

PAGE 39

A "-" means that official surveys were not conducted in those
years; a "T' means that reports of numbers are unclear, so no data
are reported. All ii- - -,-q are best estimates of individual adults,
all of whom are potentia, .; eders, at the site.

Site management comments are also purposefully made simple.
Land use history was not investigated in detail for every site, but
an attempt was made to note dredging history and to talk to
individuals knowledgeable about each site. Protective measures
taken at each site are noted, as are particularly postive aspects
contributing to success of birds and threats, which may be current
or potential problems contributing to low nesting success,

Recommendations to protect habitats and improve nesting success
are many and varied. In most cases, however, a qualified biologist
should visit the site before any manipulative management is
undertaken. In addition permits may be required if the site is
currently functional habitat. Fencing and posting should be done
by trained individuals, and no actions that will disturb birds may
be undertaken without a permit from the NYS Department of
Environmental Conservation's Non-Game Unit.

The contacts listed are usually individuals with the most first-
hand information about a particular site. In some cases, because
of personnel turnover, an organization rather than an individual
is listed.

Maps showing general locations of each site are grouped in
numerical order following site descriptions. In many cases, several
sites are illustrated on a single map. In some cases, sites from
adjacent townships occur on a single map; in these instances, a
duplicate map is located under the region containing the adjacent
municipality. A dashed line on a map is used when tern colonies
moved within a site from one year to the next. This dashed line
represents the 1987 location of the colony. Otherwise, solid lines
are used to designate nesting areas.

PAGE 40

. . . . . .. . . . . .
Miles

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4

Figure 7. Regional map depicting distribution of sh
habitat and location of detail maps contained in SOC

Nii

.... .. . ...

QUEENS Map No. 7
Map No. I Cedar Creek Park .......................... 64
Breezy Point NPS ........................... 45 Olivers Island ............................. 65
Breezy Point Cooperative ..................... 46 Cuba Island ............................... 66

Map No. 2 Map No. 8
Sii-vc, Hu,, s.. ......................... 47 South Green Sedge Island ..................... 67
Subway Island ..... ...................... 48 Pearsalls Hassock .......................... 68
Jo Co Marsh .............................. 49 East Channel Islands ........................ 69
East High Meadow .......................... 50 Lawrence Marsh ............................ 70
Duck Creek Marsh .......................... 51 North Green Sedge Island ..................... 71
Three Cornered Hassock ...................... 72
NORTH HEMPSTEAD Map No. 9
Map No. 3 Deep Creek Meadow ......................... 73
Plum Point ................................ 52 Zachs Bay ................................ 74

HEMPSTEAD Map No. 10
Middle Line Island ......................... 75
Map No. 4 Neds Island ............................... 76
Silver Point Jelly ........................... 53 North Line Island ........................... 77
Ocean Beach Club .......................... 54
Map No. 5 OYSTER BAY
Lido Beach Town Park ....................... 55 Map No. I I
Lido Beach Town House Site .................. 56 Tilled Log Island ........................... 78
Nassau Beach .............................. 57 Islands NW of Tobay Tower ................... 79
Gull Island ................................ 58 Jones Beach Parking Lot 9 .................... 80
North Cinder Island ......................... 59
Map No. 12
Map No. 6 Islands East of West Island ................... 81
Point Lookout .............................. 60
Short Beach West End ....................... 61
Short Beach West End 2 ...................... 62
Short Beach West End I ...................... 63

PAGE 44

Breezy Point NPS SEE MAP NO. I

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Queens, Rockaway, Breezy Point.
Map Quad: Coney Island, 4007358.
Directions: Located 3 miles west-southwest of the Marine Parkway Bridge, at western tip of Rockaway Point, including north and south beaches.
Owner: US National Park Service (Gateway National Recreation Area).
Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 8 10 10 30 25 40 34

LT 550 377 109 132 200 215 400 235

CT - - 0 2 0 0 35 70

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: No dredging.
Protection: Cable-fenced, posted and monitored by NPS. Meryl Goldin of the University of Massachusetts began a 4-year study of piping plovers
at the site in 1988.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service. Good productivity of least terns, largest concentrations of nesting piping
plovers and least terns on Long Island. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Recreational use restricted to fishing.
Threats: ORVs, predation (feral cats), pets (cats and dogs) and recreation (foot traffic).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
speeds. Implement predator control. Restrict foot traffic during piping plover nesting season. Restrict pets and educate owners, ORV users, and
public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. #1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.

PAGE45

Breezy Point Cooperative SEE MAP NO. I

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Queens, Rockaway, Breezy Point.
Map Quad: Coney Island, 4007358.
Directions: Located 2 miles west-southwest of the Marine Parkway Bridge, on south beach of Rockaway Point, adjacent to and northeast of
National Park Service's Breezy Point Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area.
Owner: Private
Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

P13 - - - - - - 14 30

LT 108 154

Comments: The numbers of birds observed were previously included in the Breezy Point NPS site, however the differences in management
between these sites makes it necessary to separate them.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No dredging.
Protection: The homeowners' cooperative has not responded to TNC requests to fence, post and monitor site, so the birds nesting here have not
been protected.
Positive aspects: Good numbers of least terns and piping plovers attempted nesting in 1988.
Threats: Recreation, ORVs, pets (dogs) and potential development. Beach-cleaning vehicles and equipment used by homeowner's association
destroys nests and eggs.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Obtain permission from the homeowners' cooperative to monitor and protect the
colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate residents, ORV users, and public about beach-nesting birds.
Restrict or mitigate development.
Contacts: Don Riepe, Gateway National Recreation Area, Floyd Bennett Field, Bldg. #69, Brooklyn, NY 11234, (718) 934-2484.

PAGE 46

Silver Hole Marsh SEE MAP NO. 2

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
Directions: East of Cross Bay Blvd., southern part of island system.
Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 440 780 355 478 565 185

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted and patrolled.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
Threats: Flooding, predation, and vandalism are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. 01, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.

PAGE 47

Subway Island SEE MAP NO. 2

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
Map (@-'` - -'-away, 4007357.
Directions: East ui -r( Rty Blvd., southern part of island system.
Owner: US National Park Set-vice (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
Significant coastal habitat. Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT - - 54 0 0 0 0 ?
BS 14 2 0 0 0 ?

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted, fenced, and patrolled.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
Threats: Flooding, predation, recreation, and vandalism are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. *1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.

PAGE 48

Jo Co Marsh SEE MAP NO. 2

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
Directions: East of Cross Bay Blvd., end of runway at JFK Airport.
Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 314 820 575 558 255 196

Comments: 1985 count was a partial adult count.

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted and patrolled.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
Threats: Flooding, predation, and vandalism are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. #1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.

PAGE 49

East High Meadow SEE MAP NO. 2

LOCATION:
Cour@' "ov: Queens, NYC
Map Qu4,A. Far . @k_ ka,. '@()07357.
Directions: West of JFK Ai.@;ort
Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 120 30 - 160 255 -

Comments: 1985 count was a partial adult count.

PAGE 50

Duck Creek Marsh SEE MAP NO. 2

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
Directions: Directly west of end of runway at JFK Airport.
Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 22 0 60 40 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted and patrolled.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. #1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.

PAGE 51

Plum Point SEE MAP NO. 3

LOCATION:
County, Town, L Nassau, North Hempstead, Sands Point.
Map Quad: Sea &4f','4u,:-?76.
Directions: Site located on the peninsula on the north side of Manhasset Bay, opposite and north of Great Neck.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 0 10 85 27

Comments: This "young colony" may be absorbing nesting least terns that are not using the traditional, north shore colony sites such as Eatons
Neck and Sand City.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Area is closed to public and to protection efforts by TNC or other organizations. Security guard employed by private owners in 1988.
Positive aspects: Good productivity by least terns. Relatively low recreation use due to remote location and posting by owner of no trespassing
signs.
Threats: Development (five lots have been proposed for the area),
Recommendations: Expand the Manhasset Bay significant coastal habitat area to include this site. Restrict or mitigate development, or arrive
at an agreement with developers to protect the colony in future breeding seasons. The proposed locations of the five units do not (directly) conflict
with the nesting of least terns as seen in both 1987 and 1988.
Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Theodore Roosevelt Bird Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon Society, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-
3200.

PAGE 52

Silver Point Jetty SEE MAP NO. 4

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Atlantic Beach.
Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
Directions: At westernmost tip of Long Beach, located within Silver Point Park, east of the jetty, and southwest of the Sun and Surf Club.
Owner: Nassau County (Silver Point County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Silver Point Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 4 14 6 6 6 6 4

LT 40 17 70 32 64 107 74 87

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No dredging history.
Protection: String-fenced, posted, and monitored by volunteers from the Village of Atlantic Beach, TNC, and Town of Hempstead. Sun and
Surf Club also snow-fenced the eastern end of colony. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Leased by Sun and Surf Club. Town residents propose to have the area designated as a bird sanctuary. Good predictability of
nesting activity between years. Good productivity of least terns and piping plovers.
Threats: Pets (dogs) and recreation.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Silver Point Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Designate area as a bird sanctuary. Restrict pets and educate owners, public, and residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY H 569,
(516) 431-9200. Brigitte Braff, Commissioner of Environmental Conservation, Village of Atlantic Beach, 65 The Plaza, Atlantic Beach, NY 11509,
(516) 371-4779.

PAGE 53

Ocean Beach Club SEE MAP NO. 4

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Qu-' ' ---e, 4007356.
Directions: Lot."- -nlith side of Long Beach, approximately 1.5 miles east of Atlantic Beach Bridge.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Barrier island.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 ? 2 4

Comments: No successful breeding in 1988. Exact area used for nesting is unclear.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects: Unknown.
Threats: Predation is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 54

Lido Beach Town Park SEE MAP NO. 5

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Lido Beach.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: Located on south shore of Long Beach, about 1 1/2 miies west of the Loop Parkway Bridge, just west of the Lido Beach Town House
complex, accessed from Lido Beach Blvd.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 6 1 2 10 9

LT - - 0 0 0 22 67

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: None.
Protection: Individual nests string-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead. Sites protected on eastern and western sides by snow
fence placed on the beach by Town of Hempstead for dune enhancement. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Hempstead.
Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
Recommendations: Designate area as significant coastal habitat or include it in the adjacent, Nassau Beach habitat. Continue to monitor and
protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE55

Lido Beach Town House Site SEE MAP NO. 5

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Lido Beach.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
DirecOp- '@ -, - -4 nn south shore of Long Beach, about 1 1/2 miles west of the Loop Parkway Bridge, just west of Nassau Beach County Park,
and just east of Liu,, Town Park, accessed from Lido Blvd.
Owner: Unknown.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - - - - - 2 ?

LT - 22 ?

Comments: Least tern nesting first recorded at this site in 1988. Some of the adults that later joined the initial nesters may have migrated from
the nearby Nassau Beach tern colony, which faltered, apparently due to predation.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead. Volunteers coordinated by TNC. Town of Hempstead also prohibited
the Town House complex from grooming the beach where the colony was located.
Positive aspects: High productivity of least terns. Owner has given Town of Hempstead permission to protect the site.
Threats: Recreation (foot traffic), ORV traffic, beach-grooming and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Expand the Nassau Beach significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Continue to restrict beach grooming during breeding season. Restrict pets and educate owners, ORV
users, and public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 56

Nassau Beach SEE MAP NO. 5

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Nassau Beach County Park.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: Located on the south shore of Long Beach, about I mile west of the Loop Parkway Bridge, just east of Lido Beach Town House
complex, and just west of the Nassau Beach county facilities, accessed from Lido Blvd.
Owner: Nassau County (Nassau Beach County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Nassau Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 4 0 1 2 2 2

LT 114 163 107 0 6 42 54 17

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Nassau County. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Good predictability of nesting
activity between years.
Threats: Predators (possibly rats, raccoons, gulls and/or neighborhood cats) and advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Nassau Beach significant coastal habitat. Expand this designated area to include the beaches located
immediately south, beaches that are used by piping plovers from this colony. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Implement
predator control. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 57

Gull Island SEE MAP NO. 5

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: North of Lido Beach.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: Middle Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwatet, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 84 204 250 222 138 100 57 12

Comments: Parsonage Island is a subcolony.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Part of site is vegetated dredge spoil.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 58

North Cinder Island SEE MAP NO. 5

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: North of Lido Beach.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: Middle Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate- Grass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 518 536 396 324 554 778 712 750

Comments: Cinder Island is a subcolony.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zatudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE59

Point Lookout SEE MAP NO. 6

LOCATION:
County, Nassau, Hempstead, Point Lookout.
Map Quad: Joneb tiiuc, 'y 55.
Directions: Located directly south of the Loop Parkway Bridge on the south shore of Long Beach, extending east past three jetties to the western
shore of Jones Inlet.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and intertidal beaches and mudflats.
Nest substrate: Piping plovers, regularly seen feeding at mudflats on Jones Inlet and on eastern portions of the town beach, did not nest.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - - - - 0 6 2

LT 0 0 0 0 0 44 0 17

Comments: Piping plovers observed in 1988 were feeding or loafing, no nesting was observed. 1987 colony of least terns failed, suspected raccoon
or rat predation.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: None.
Protection: String-fenced by Town of Hempstead in 1987. No nesting birds present in 1988.
Positive aspects: Town park owned and managed by Town of Hempstead.
Threats: Beach erosion, recreation (foot traffic), ORV traffic and predation (rats and raccoons).
Recommendations: Designate area as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
or limit speeds. Implement predator control as necessary. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 60

Short Beach West End SEE MAP NO. 6

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Short Beach.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: Westernmost tip of Jones Beach and east shore of Jones Inlet, including beaches on both the north and south shores of the island tip,
as well as the jetty area.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: West End, Jones Beach State Park.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and intertidal beaches and mudflats.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 0 3 0 0 19 19

LT 0 0 - 0 0 0 131 0

CT 2000 1000 460 800 22 56 45 225

BS 250 250 260 112 0 0 0 0

Comments: Most numbers prior to 1987 represent birds in the now-abandoned roadway loop colony, and do not include the inlet area. Now birds
nest in the area shown on the map. Common terns that could nest here may now use the Jones Beach West End I site, located about a mile east of
here. Includes Seatuck sites Jones Beach Inlet and Short Beach, West End 2.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history. None.
Protection: TNC string-fenced, posted and monitored individual Piping Plover nest sites. The common tern colony was not fenced.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Good numbers of piping plovers. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles.
Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
Threats: Probable predation (gulls) and unknown other problems caused low chick survivorship and fledging for piping plovers.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of West End, Jones Beach State Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to protect nest sites as birds arrive.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Monitor newly hatched piping plovers to ascertain reasons for low survivorship. Implement predator exclosures.
Educate public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: David Mizrahi, 9 Northcote Rd., Westbury, NY 11590, (516) 334-4398 regarding inlet area. Dr. Carl Safina, NAS, 306 S. Bay Ave.,
Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289 regarding former roadway loop colony.

PAGE 61

Short Beach West End 2 SEE MAP NO. 6

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Jones Beach.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: Located at the east end of Jones Beach West End 2 parking lot, about 1/2 of a mile west of the junction between the Meadowbrook
and Ocean Parkwivs. Also just southwest of Jones Beach West End I parking lot, all of these places well marked with state signs.
Owner: N kS Uk.., , Of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
Significant coastal habil.... - Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 0 4 6

LT - - - - - 124 0

Comments: This area is just southwest of Jones Beach West End 1, and provides a large amount of suitable piping plover habitat. The least terns
at this colony probably nested at the West End I colony in previous years, and this colony should be considered a subcolony of West End 1. Least
terns first nested at this site in 1988.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Audubon. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good productivity by both piping plovers and least terns. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles. Relatively low
recreational use due to remote location (about 1/2 of a mile from the heavily used areas of Jones Beach West End).
Threats: Predation (gulls), recreation and ORV traffic.
Recommendations: Expand Short Beach, Jones Beach State Park significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect
the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Continue to restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Implement
predator control (exclosures).
Contacts: Dave Mizrahi, 9 Northcote Rd., Westbury, NY 11590, (516) 334-4398. Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave.,
Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 62

Short Beach West End 1 SEE MAP NO. 6

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Jones Beach.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: Located on the southern, southeastern, and southwestern sides of parking lot at Jones Beach West End 1, about 1/2 mile west of the
junction between the Meadowbrook and Ocean Parkways.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Short Beach, Jones Beach State Park.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

282 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
PP - 0 0 2 2 10 4 4

LT 0 0 - 210 250 112 84 34

CT - - 0 0 550 3846 4882 4768

RT 0 0 0 4 28 2

BS 0 0 400 406 296 680

Comments: Jones Beach West End I began as a least tern colony in 1985. In 1986, the common tern colony from the nearby Short Beach West
End site was abandoned, and its terns began nesting here at West End I and have continued to nest here. In 1988, least terns from this West End
I colony established a subcolony just southwest, called Jones Beach West End 2.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Recreational bathing beach. No dredging history.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted, and monitored by National Audubon Society and TNC. Volunteers coordinated by South Shore
Audubon and TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Jones Beach State Park; administration has been very effective in carrying out Audubon protection plan.
Good productivity by all species. Good predictability of nesting activity year to year.
Threats: Predation (gulls), recreation, and ORV patrols by law enforcement personnel unaware of birds.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Short Beach, Jones Beach State Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect colony
as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures). Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORVs and limit speeds.
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 63

Cedar Creek Park SEE MAP NO. 7

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Seaford.
Map Quad: Freeport, 4007365.
Directions: On a peninsula east of Wantagh Parkway and south of Merrick Road in Seaford, about 1/2 of a mile south of the water treatment
plant, well marked by a sign on Merrick Road.
Owner: Nassau County (Cedar Creek County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Creek County Park.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil and sand/tar.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 140 70 96 80 94 62 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Dredging from Jones Inlet benefitted general navigation. Dredge spoil was deposited on this site as follows.

Approximately 6,000,000 cubic yards were dredged in 1969

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Nassau County. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Good predictability of nesting
activity between years.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, predation (unknown), recreation (nearby field used for flying motorized, model airplanes), and
development (possible extension of park facilities or water treatment plant).
Recommendations: Maintain as Cedar Creek County Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Implement predator control. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Restrict or
mitigate development. Educate the public about nesting-birds.
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 64

Olivers Island SEE MAP NO. 7

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Freeport, 4007365.
Directions: East of Wantaugh State Parkway, south of Bellmore.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: East Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 34 160 96 133 110 132

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 65

Cuba Island SEE MAP NO. 7

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Freeport, 4007365.
Direc' .'. '7 Wantaugh State Parkway, island in East Bay.
Owner: 'Town ot -Pad.
Significant coastal habita 7ast Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 242 262 246 226 182 166 128 161

Comments: Subcolonies include NE, NW, and SW.

PAGE 66

South Green Sedge Island SEE MAP NO. 8

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Lawrence, 4007356.
Directions: North of Long Beach.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb- dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT 12 0 0 0 0 12 68 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Some low, vegetated dredge spoil.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 67

Pearsalls Hassock SEE MAP NO. 9

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad- Lawrence, 4007356.
Directions: North of Long Beach, west of Lawson Blvd.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USL:
Community type: Salmai-er, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Deciduous trees-shrubs-grass/sedge/rush/herb.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 4 16 36 174 90 44 38 8

Comments: Subcolonies include Nurns Marsh and Hewlett Hassock. No known recent nesting actually on Pearsalls Hassock.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Predation is a current threat; flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box 1, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 68

East Channel Islands SEE MAP NO. 8

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Lawrence, 4007356.
Directions: South of Oceanside.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: Middle Hempstead Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 622 290 450 124 198 166 85 120

Comments: Subcolonies include Garrett Marsh, north subcolony and south subcolony.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Predation and flooding are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 69

Lawrence Marsh SEE MAP No. 8

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map '4007356.
Directi@;@_.' iA(_ 1_ - -7 Beach.
Owner: Town of l4empsteau.
Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Deciduous trees.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 4 72 90 40 20 102 106 30

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Unknown.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 70

North Green Sedge Island SEE MAP NO. 8

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Lawrence, 4007356.
Directions: North of Long Beach.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Deciduous trees - shrubs- grass/sedge/rush/herb.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 106 78 26 38 88 30 10 20

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Predation is a current threat; flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 71

Three Cornered Hassock SEE MAP NO. 8

LOCATION:
County, Town. Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Q( 4007356.
Directions: NorLii n-ach.
Owner: Town of Hempstea---
Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT - - 0 0 0 0 25 150

Comments:

PAGE 72

Deep Creek Meadow SEE MAP NO. 9

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
Directions: West of Jones Beach Causeway.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: East Hempstead Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT - - 0 0 0 0 40 40

Comments:

PAGE 73

Zachs Bay SEE MAP NO. 9

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Jones Beach.
Map Quad: Jones Inlet and West Gilgo Beach, 4007355 and 4007354.
Directions: Site located on western lobe of Zach's Bay, directly across from Marine Theater of Jones Beach.
Owner: IT"". , .' . - -f Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
Significant coastal habL Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - - - - - 2

Comments: New site for plovers in 1989, a late-nesting pair. May have been a renesting attempt after abandoning an earlier site. Seatuck calls
this site Jones Beach, Zach's Bay.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Western portion of beach is used for swimming and sunbathing. Eastern end is rarely used, has remnants
of old water fountains and concrete structure. South of beach is brick sidewalk and old playground. Nightly use of Jones Beach Marine Theater
June through August.
Protection: Nest site fenced and posted by TNC stewards.
Positive aspects: New site for plovers in 1989.
Threats: Expansion of bathing beach may force birds into unsuitable (over- vegetated) habitat to east.
Recommendations: Limit bathers to westernmost portion of beach. Reduce cover of vegetation (grass) on eastern portion.
Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289. Long Island Chapter of The Nature
Conservancy, 250 Lawrence Hill Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, (516) 367-3225.

PAGE 74

Middle Line Island SEE MAP NO. 10

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
Directions: North of Jones Beach State Park.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT 238 226 122 280 352 532 418 335

Comments: Subcolonies include Black Banks Island and South Line Islands.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Sewer outlall line extends diagonally through the east sector of the island.
Protection: Periodic patrols.
Positive aspects: Sections of sewer outfall backfill have been beneficial to shorebirds for feeding.
Threats: Predation and flooding are current threats; pets are a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 75

Neds Island SEE MAP NO. 10

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
Directions: South of Seaford.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - 50 184 140 56 68 108 210

Comments:

PAGE 76

North Line Island SEE MAP NO. 10

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
Directions: North of Long Beach, west of Lawson Blvd.
Owner: Town of Hempstead.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 68 90 88 100 76 30 12 4

BS - - 8 10 0 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredge material re,ulting from sewer oulfall construction on south corner.
Protection: Posted.
Positive aspects: Sand deposits from sewer outfall construction has been beneficial to shorebirds for feeding.
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
(516) 431-9200.

PAGE 77

Tilted Log Island SEE MAP NO. I

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Oyster Bay.
Map Qw. ""o Beach, 4007354.
Directions: East oi wa @ -11 State Parkway, north of Ocean Parkway.
Owner: Town of Oyster iii,.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: G rass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 0 0 0 196 93 -

Comments: Colony located on marsh adjacent to Amity channel. Colony not surveyed prior to 1987.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 78

Islands NW of Tobay Tower SEE MAP NO. I I

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Oyster Bay.
Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
Directions: East of Wantaugh State Parkway, north of Ocean Parkway, soutwest of Babylon.
Owner: Town of Oyster Bay.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 0 60 75 60 90 15

Comments: Site consists of east and west subcolonies.

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: East subcolony - none. West subcolony - patrolled.
Positive aspects: West subcolony visited every other day by researchers from NAS Scully Science Center.
Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation and pets are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 79

Jones Beach Parking Lot 9 SEE MAP NO. I I

LOCATION:
County, Town, @,ncality: Nassau, Oyster Bay, Jones Beach.
Map Qu4,-,. vto " ,- Beach, 4007354.
Directions: Located on ith shore of Jones Beach Island, I mile southeast of Guggenheim Pond on a defunct parking lot that once serviced
Jones Beach users.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Parking Lot 9, Jones Beach State Park.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and sand/asphalt.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 7 2 2 2 2 2 3

LT 150 77 0 0 30 78 49 96

Comments: Least terns nest on patches of sand usually adjacent to stems of beach grass that are protruding through cracks in the asphalt. Piping
plovers and a few least terns also nest on the beach and dunes adjacent to the parking lot.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: This used to be an active parking lot.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good productivity by least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Relatively low recreational use due
to remote location (all foot traffic).
Threats: Recreation (site established as a nude, gay beach) receives steady use, although not as intense as at other Jones Beach locations.
Recommendations: Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Maintain as part of Parking Lot 9, Jones Beach State Park
significant coastal habitat. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE80

Islands East of West Island SEE MAP NO. 12

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Oyster Bay.
Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
Directions: South of Amityville section of Montauk Highway.
Owner: Town of Oyster Bay.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-shrub-dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 372 278 600 414 418 145

Comments: Two subcolonies: east islands and southeast subcolony.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: East islands are patrolled; southeast subcolony - none.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation and pets are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 81

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..............

BABYLON HUNTINGTON

Map No. 13 Map No. 38
Gilgo Bea,,,, . .......................... 85 Sand City ............................... 100
West Fox Creek ............................ 86
Elder Island ............................... 87 Map No. 39
West Gilgo Beach ........................... 88 Eatons Neck Point ......................... 101

Map No. 14 Map No. 40
Cedar Beach Babylon ........................ 89 Caumselt State Park ........................ 102
Overlook Beach ............................ 90
Oak Beach Sore Thumb ...................... 91 SMITHTOWN
Democrat Point ............................ 92
Map No. 41
Map No. 15 Long Beach Point .......................... 103
Seganus Thatch Island ....................... 93 Long Beach Marina ........................ 104
Long Beach Boat Launch .................... 105
ISLIP Youngs Island ............................ 106

Map No. 16 Map No. 42
Captree Island ............................. 94 Short Beach .............................. 107
Robert Moses Field 5 ........................ 95

Map No. 17
Heckscher State Park Field 6 .................. 96
Heckscher Slate Park Field 8 .................. 97
Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge ............... 98
East Islip Marina ........................... 99

PAGE 84

Gilgo Beach SEE MAP NO. 13

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Babylon, Gilgo Beach,
Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
Directions: Located on the south shore of Jones Beach Island, opposite Gilgo Island of Great South Bay, about 12 miles west of Robert Moses
Causeway, south of Ocean Parkway, about 2 miles west of Gilgo State Park.
Owner: Town of Babylon.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated, about 1 1/4 miles west of the Gilgo Beach significant coastal habitat.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 4 4 2 2 4 6 3

LT 30 41 25 35 54 109 46 168

Comments: The location of this site is not particularly predictable. In past years, including 1987, the birds nested further east than they did in
1988.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging, but probably will be used for future spoil deposition.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Audubon. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location, but in some years, when beach is very narrow, recreational users cause
severe disturbance to birds and vandalize fences. Good productivity of least terns in some years.
Threats: Beach erosion, flooding, recreation (narrowness of the beach makes the colony susceptible to even low levels of recreation), ORV traffic
and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Expand the Gilgo Beach significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive.
Enforce ORV restrictions and limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners, residents, public, and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P. 0. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751,
(516) 581-6908. Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE85

West Fox Creek SEE MAP NO. 13

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
Directions: North of Ocean Parkway, slightly west of Robert Moses Twin Causeway.
Owner: Unknown.
Significant coastal habitat: Great South Bay West.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 0 0 0 282 70 -

Comments: New site in 1987. Terns nest on narrow line of wrack running along periphery of island.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Unknown.
Positive aspects: Island visited every other day by researchers from NAS Scully Science Center.
Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 86

Elder Island SEE MAp NO. 13

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
Directions: Slightly east of southern termination of Nassau/Suffolk County line.
Owner: Town of Babylon.
Significant coastal habitat: Great South Bay West.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - 0 30 37 58 80 47 20

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, PO Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE87

West Gilgo Beach SEE MAP NO. 13

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
Directions: Just north of village of West Gilgo Beach.
Owner: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.
Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/ wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 124 43 45 38 18 15

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation, pets, and vandalism are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908. Michael Scheibel, NYS Dept. of Environmental
Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE88

Cedar Beach Babylon SEE MAP NO. 14

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon, Cedar Beach Town Park.
Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
Directions: Located 4 miles west of Robert Moses Causeway, via Ocean Parkway, on south shore of Jones Beach Island bordering Atlantic Ocean.
Owner. Town of Babylon.
Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP 6 0 10 4 10 12 8 4

LT 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0

CT 6000 7000 11000 12000 10000 13018 8606 9954

RT 15 15 140 200 200 200 174 104

BS 260 350 400 400 450 240 216 212

Comments: At a site approximately I mile west of Cedar Beach, 15 least terns nested in 1982, and 6 least terns and 2 piping plovers nested in
1984.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The entire site is dredge spoil.
Protection: Snow-fenced and posted by Town of Babylon. Monitored by National Audubon Society.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Babylon. Subject of long-term research on colonial waterbirds by Carl Safina of National
Audubon Society.
Threats: Predation (gulls). Occasional disturbance from nearby bathing beach and ORVs.
Recommendations: Maintain as Cedar Beach significant coastal habitat, and expand to include nesting area for least terns and piping plovers west
of Cedar Beach. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, Scully Science Center, 306 South Bay Ave., Islip, New York 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 89

Overlook Beach SEE MAP NO. 14

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon, Cedar Beach Overlook.
Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
Directions: Located 3 1/2 miles west of Robert Moses Causeway, via Ocean Parkway, on south shore of Jones Beach Island, south of landlocked
channel of brackish water on beach bordering Atlantic Ocean.
Owner: Town of Babylon.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
-PP 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
0 0 0 0 0 4 5

LT - - - - - 38 51

CT - - - - - 9

BS 0 0 0 0 0 2

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Town of Babylon. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Babylon. Relatively low recreational use.
Threats: Flooding and ORVs.
Recommendations: Expand Cedar Beach significant coastal habitat to include site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting
birds.
Contacts: Ken Feustal, Town of Babylon, 190 Farmers Ave., Lindenhurst, NY 11757, (516) 422-7640. Dave Mizrahi, 9 Northcote Rd., Westbury,
NY 11590, (516) 334-4398. John Fritz, 290 W. 3rd St., Deer Park, NY 11729, (516) 242-2539.

PAGE 90

Oak Beach Sore Thumb SEE MAP NO. 14

LOCATION:
County, Town, Area: Suffolk, Babylon, Oak Beach.
Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
Directions: Located 2 1/2 miles west of Robert Moses Causeway, on south shore of Jones Beach Island.
Owner: Town of Babylon.
Significant coastal habitat: Sore Thumb.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 1 2 6 1 0 0 0

LT 3 55 560 412 0 0 0 0

Comments: Colony abandoned in 1986 due to disturbance from heavy ORV use.

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Monitored by TNC. Town of Babylon, at request of National Audubon, routed ORVs around nesting area and posted site in early
1984. Protection was very successful; colony was largest in the region that year. Crow and gull predation was heavy, however, and was so severe
in 1985 that the site was not subsequently recolonized.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Babylon. Good habitat for piping plovers and least terns.
Threats: ORV traffic and gull and crow predation.
Recommendations: Maintain as Sore Thumb significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV
use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 91

Democrat Point SEE MAP NO. 14

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon, Fire Island.
Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
Directions: Western tip of Fire Island, 2 miles east of Robert Moses Causeway.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Robert Moses State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 0 4 4 4 5 8

LT - - - - - - 2

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted, and monitored by TNC under permits granted to Carl Safina of National Audubon.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
Threats: ORV traffic.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect nest sites as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
or limit speeds. Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 92

Seganus Thatch Island SEE MAP NO. 15

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
Directions: Northwest of Robert Moses Twin Causeway/Ocean Parkway intersection.
Owner: Town of Babylon.
Significant coastal habitat: Great South Bay West.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Shrub -sand - grass/sedge/rush/herb- dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimted in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 560 550 1575 716 73 0

Comments: Two subcolonies: marsh island subcolony, which consists of 6 separate marsh islands, and subcolony 1.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats; recreation and pets are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 93

Captree Island SEE MAP NO. 16

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip.
Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
Directions: Intersected by southern part of Robert Moses Twin Causeway.
Owner: LI State Parks Commission, Captree State Boat Basin.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Barrier and non-barrier islands.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 12 40 so 28 540 20

Comments: Two subcolonies: boat basin subcolony and marsh island subcolony, a small marsh island in the state boat channel.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Marsh island subcolony - none. Boat basin subcolony - posted and patrolled.
Positive aspects: Owned by Ll State Parks Commission.
Threats: Flooding, predation, pets, vandalism, and recreation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Anne Ducy-Ortiz, Seatuck Research Program, PO Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 94

Robert Moses Field 5 SEE MAP NO. 16

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, Fire Island.
Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
Directions: Within Robert Moses State Park, on south shore of Fire Island, about 1 1/4 mi. east of Robert Moses Causeway.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Robert Moses State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - 0 0 0 4 6 0

LT 0 0 0 0 0 28 57 0

Comments: Colony did poorly in 1988, probably due to lack of buffer from recreation.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Recreational bathing beach.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC, under permits granted to Dr. Carl Safina of National Audubon.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles.
Threats: Recreation (foot traffic).
Recommendations: Expand Great South Bay West significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as
birds arrive. Obtain permission from Robert Moses State Park to provide sufficient buffer from recreation. Monitor ORV use and limit speeds.
Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

PAGE 95

Heckscher State Park Field 6 SEE MAP NO. 17

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, East Islip.
Map Quad: Bnx, Shore East, 4007362.
Directions: Oi@ _@_ @ . -hore of Long Island, in East Islip, at south end of Heckscher spur of Southern Parkway. Site at Field 6 along the eastern
shore of the boat channel, upposite a group picnic area.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Heckscher State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition area, mainland.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT - 0 0 0 0 10 5 12

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, predation (fox, raccoon) and recreation.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper
deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Implement predator control. Educate the public about beach-nesting
birds.
Contacts: F.P. O'Neil, Superintendent, Heckscher State Park, P.O. Box 153, East Islip, New York 11730, (516) 581-2100.

PAGE 96

Heckscher State Park Field 8 SEE MAP NO. 17

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, East Islip.
Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
Directions: On south shore of Long Island, in East Islip, at southern end of Hecksher spur of Southern Parkway. Site at Field 8 is on south shore,
east of parking lot 8, in a field adjacent to the beach, on the southeast corner of the Hecksher peninsula.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (Heckscher State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0

Comments: In 1987 only 3 nests were located, so most of the birds observed then were not nesters.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987. Monitored by TNC in 1988.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation (Long Island Greenbelt Trail routed through site) and ORV traffic.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation
for optimal least tern nesting. Reroute hiking trail away from the site for the nesting season. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public
and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: F.P. O'Neil, Superintendent, Heckscher State Park, P.O. Box 153, East Islip, NY 11730, (516) 581-2100.

PAGE 97

Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge SEE MAP NO. 17

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality, Suffolk, Islip, Islip.
Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362
Directions: On south shore of Long Island, in town of Islip, at south end of South Bay Ave., adjacent to Great South Bay.
Owner: US Fish and Wildlife Service (Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Champlin Creek dredging project (19) benefits town boat slips, with 82 slips. Spoil was deposited on this upland site as
follows:
1957 1980 1984 1987

Cubic yards 122200 10300 12500 5000

Protection: Monitored by Seatuck Research Program.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Expand Champlin Creek significant coastal habitat to include site. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive.
Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908. Refuge Manager, Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge,
Shirley, NY 11967, (516) 286-0485.

PAGE 98

East Islip Marina Site SEE MAP NO. 17

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, East Islip.
Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
Directions: In East Islip, at the southern end of Bay View Ave. Site is located at west side of mouth of Quintuck Creek. Least terns have nested
on dredge spoil around shallow pond behind baseball diamond, and sometimes loaf on small bathing beach.
Owner: Town of Islip.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 17 0 6 10 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredging from the Moorings project (130) benefits salt water pool at town bathing beach. Spoil was deposited at upland site
and mostly removed by truck, and at town beach, as follows:
1 1976 1980 1982 1983 1989
Cubic yards 2000 4500 2600 1400 3200*
Deposited at town beach.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Islip. Vehicle access to town residents only, through kiosk.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper
depostion of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, New York 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 99

Sand City SEE MAP NO. 38

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Huntington, Eatons Neck.
Map Quad: Lloyd Harbor, 4007384.
Directions: Site is the southwestern sand spit of Eatons Neck that extends out into Northport Bay, just south of Hobart Town Beach.
Owner: Town of Huntington.
Significant coastal habitat: Sand City.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 5 6 6 5 6 5 4

LT - 74 330 200 225 171 4 100

CT - - 60 150 279 30 28 125

BS - 0 0 2 2 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredge spoil was deposited at the north end of the Sand City peninsula in 1958 and again in the 60's or 70's, serving as beach
nourishment for Hobart Town Beach. If dredging were planned for the future some of the spoil may be placed on colony site for enhanced nesting
potential.
Protection: Permanently fenced (chain-link), posted and monitored by Huntington Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by Huntington Audubon.
Positive aspects: Permanent chain-link fence is effective. Site designated as a bird sanctuary. Owned and managed by Town of Huntington.
Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation (boat landing) and other (suspect poor food supply in 1988).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Sand City significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage
vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Continue to maintain signs that restrict boat landing. Educate public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Director, Theodore Roosevelt Bird Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-
3200.

PAGE 100

Eatons Neck Point SEE MAP NO. 39

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Huntington, Eatons Neck.
Quad name: Lloyd Harbor, 4007384.
Directions: Sand spit at the extreme northwestern end of Eatons Neck peninsula, about a quarter mile west of the U.S. Coast Guard Station.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Eatons Neck Point.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 4 4 4 4 3 3 4

LT 183 30 30 90 35 0 0

CT - 2 0 0 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Dredge history: None.
Protection: Permanently fenced, posted and monitored by Huntington Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by Huntington Audubon.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Limited access through Coast Guard Station. Owner has given permission
to Huntington Audubon to protect the site.
Threats: Recreation (boat landing and Coast Guard personnel), pets (dogs from Coast Guard) and other (suspect poor food supply for least terns
in 1988).
Recommendations: Maintain as Eatons Neck Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Continue to educate coast guard personnel about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Theodore Roosevelt Bird Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon Society, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-
3200.

PAGE 101

Caumsett State Park SEE MAP NO. 40

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Huntington, Lloyds Neck.
Quad name: Lloyd Harbor, 4007384.
Directions: The site is located on a sand spit southeast of Lloyd Point in Caumsett State Park, on Lloyds Neck peninsula, on the east side of the
mouth of Oyster Bay.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Caumsett State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Lloyd Point.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 0 4 1

LT 0 0 0 0 0 10 36 6

Comments: Seatuck name is "Lloyd Point." Two subcolonies existed. One failed due to Memorial Day crowds; the subcolony at the extreme end
of the point was successful.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Huntington Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by Huntington Audubon.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
Threats: Recreation (boat landing), predation (unknown) and advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Lloyd Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Continue to place signs at site to restrict boat landing. Implement predator control as needed. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.
Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Theodore Roosevelt Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon Society, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-3200.
Peter Capinolo, Queens College Center, Caumsett State Park, Huntington, NY 11743, (516) 421-3526.

PAGE 102

Long Beach Point SEE MAP NO. 41

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Smithtown, Nissequogue.
Map Quad: Saint James, 400382.
Directions: Easternmost point of Long Beach in Smithtown, with Smithtown Bay (Long Island Sound) to north, Porpoise Channel, Stony Brook
Harbor to south.
Owner: Village of Nissequogue.
Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 2 2 2 6 3

LT 0 - 28 50 45 82 13

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed as a nature preserve by the Village of Nissequogue. ORV use restricted. Good productivity for piping
plovers.
Threats: Flooding, recreation, potential development and other (suspect poor food supply).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the
colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting.
Restrict or mitigate development. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Clerk's Office, Village of Nissequogue, Nissequogue, New York 11780, (516) 862-7400. Long Island Chapter, The Nature Conservancy,
250 Lawrence Hill Rd., Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, (516) 367-3225.

PAGE 103

Long Beach Marina Site SEE MAP NO. 41

LOCATION:
County, Town, @ [email protected], '@uffolk, Smithtown, Stony Brook Harbor.
Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
Directions: In the Long Beach Town Park about 1/8 of a mile west of the Bay Constable office in the yacht harbor. West of and adjacent to
eastern- most "horseshoe" of boat slips. Site is located on hill east of parking lot adjacent to Stony Brook harbor.
Owner: Town of Smithtown.
Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate- Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 6 2 0 2 0 0 0

LT 110 85 80 30 10 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredging from the Long Beach project (Sl) benefits the Long Beach Marina and Yacht Club, with 125 and 60 moorings
respectively. Spoil was deposited at this site as follows:

Approximately 484,000 Cubic yards were dredged in 1958

Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Accessible through harbor parking lot only by Smithtown residents.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users
about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Town Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, New York 11725, (516) 543-7804. Russell Barnett, Smithtown Dept.
of Environment and Waterways, 124 W. Main St., Smithtown, New York 11787, (516) 360-7514.

PAGE 104

Long Beach Boat Launch Site SEE MAP NO. 41

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Smithtown, Stony Brook Harbor.
Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
Directions: In Long Beach Town Park just south of kiosk at yacht harbor entrance, opposite the entrance to beach. Site is located on peninsula
extending east from parking lot into Stony Brook Harbor.
Owner: Town of Smithtown.
Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil (LT,PP) dead herbaceous wrack (CT).
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 6 10 6 4 6 5 4

LT 150 105 194 180 191 26 35

CT - 44 54 29 125 110 141

Comments: Common terns nested in subcolony on small island to north of peninsula.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredging from the Long zbeach Boat Basin project benefits Long Beach Marina with 170 slips. Spoil was deposited at this
upland site as follows:

Approximately 44100 Cubic yards were dredged in 1953

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Accessible through harbor parking lot only by Smithtown residents.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation.
@ecommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting on peninsula. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public about
beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Town Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, New York 11725, (516) 543-7804. Russell Barnett, Smithtown Dept.
of Environment and Waterways, 124 W. Main St., Smithtown, New York 11787, (516) 360-7514.

PAGE 105

SEE MAP NO. 41
Youngs Island

LOCATION:
County, Town, Vinagt Suffolk, Smithtown, Stony Brook Harbor.
Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
Directions: Also called Porpoise Channel Island, it is located just south of Porpoise Channel and just north of Stony Brook, in the eastern part
of Stony Brook Harbor.
Owner: Town of Smithtown.
Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Salt marsh island.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil (PP, LT) and pebble (CT).
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 4 2 5 4

LT 30 44 57 75 125 118 126

CT - 110 58 33 60 75 203

Comments: Seatuck name is "Porpoise Channel Island."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredging from the Porpoise Channel project (S4) benefits the Long Beach Marina with its 170 slips and the Stony Brook Marina
with its 125 slips. Spoil was deposited for beach nourishment as follows:

An unknown amount of dredging was done in 1957

Protection: Posted and monitored by TNC. Patrolled by Smithtown Bay Constables.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location (accessed only by boat).
Good productivity by piping plovers. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and predators (unknown).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the
colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Implement predator control.
Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Town Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, NY 11725, (516) 543-7804.

PAGE 106

Short Beach SEE MAP NO. 42

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Smithtown, Short Beach Town Park.
Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
Directions: This spoil site on the north shore is located on the Nissequogue peninsula, to the extreme northwest end, east of the Nissequogue River.
Owner: Town of Smithtown.
Significant coastal habitat: Nissequogue Inlet Beaches.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: he following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
1 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Pp - 30 18 4 6 6 6 1
LT 180 334 135 290 201 50 111 1
CT - - 204 0 0 0 0 0
Comments: In 1988 there were at times hundreds of common terns, but they did not nest. Roseate terns were seen here in 1988, but did not nest.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Nissequogue River dredging project (S3) benefits the bait and tackle station and the yacht club with its 60 moorings on
the Nissequogue River. Spoil was deposited about 6 inches deep for beach nourishment as follows.
1961 1966 1980 1987
Cubic yards 765900 140700 56000 96000
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Town of Smithtown. Volunteers coordinated by TNC and Town of Smithtown.
Town of Smithtown employs a fulltime person to monitor campground just east of the site, day and night, weekends and holidays between Memorial
Day and Labor Day; this person actively protects the colony.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. ORV traffic restricted.
Camping facilities moved from previous location to reduce disturbance to nesting birds. Previous spoil deposition has enhanced this nesting area.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Nissequogue Inlet Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds
arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Restrict pets and educate owners and public about beach-nesting birds. Continue to
enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil.
Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, NY 11725, (516) 543-7804. Amy Freiman, Town Conservation Board, 124
W. Main St., PO Box 575, Smithtown, NY, 360-7514.

PAGE 107

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. .........

..................

BROOKHAVEN RIVERHEAD
Map No. 18 Map No. 36
Watch Hill Fire island ...................... I]] Jamesport Town Beach East .................. 124
Long Cove Fire Island ...................... 112
Map No. 37
Map No. 19 Edwards Avenue Baiting Hollow ............... 125
Smith Point Shirley ........................ 113

Map No. 20
Flax Pond ............................... 114
Mount Misery Point ........................ 115
Old Field Beach Point ...................... 116

Map No. 21
West Inlet Island .......................... 117
Carters Island ............................ 118
New Made Island ... 119
Smith Point County Park .................... 120

Map No. 22
Roe Avenue Patchogue ...................... 121

Map No. 23
Cupsogue Beach County Park ................. 122
East Inlet Island .......................... 123

PAGE 110

Watch Hill Fire Island SEE MAP NO. 18

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Fire Island.
Map Quad: Howells Point, 4007268.
Directions: At Watch Hill Harbor on Fire Island, on west side of harbor mouth on Great South Bay (accessed via ferry from town of Patchogue).
Owner: US National Park Service (Fire Island National Seashore).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, island.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 56 0 18 120 125 363 303 72

PP - 0 0 0 0 2 2 2

CT - 0 0 0 2 6 1

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Past spoil deposition site.
Protection: Snow-fenced, posted and monitored by NPS.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by NPS. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location (accessible only by private boat or ferry).
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation (boat landing).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation
for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Dave Griese, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.
Paul Czachor, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.

PAGE III

Long Cove Fire Island SEE MAP NO. 18

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Fire Island.
Map Quad: Howells Point, 4007268.
Directions: On south shore of Fire Island, adjacent to Atlantic Ocean, about 3/4 of a mile east of Watch Hill's main bathing beach.
Owner: U.S. National Park Service (Fire Island National Seashore).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 2 7 5

LT 0 0 0 0 40 55 82 85

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by NPS. Patrolled by NPS rangers.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by NPS. Good productivity of least terns and piping plovers. Relatively low recreational use due to remote
location. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles. ORV users educated about beach-nesting birds.
Threats: Flooding, ORV traffic and r6creation.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach nesting birds.
Contacts: Dave Griese, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.
Carol McNulty, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.

PAGE 112

Smith Point Shirley SEE MAP NO. 19

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Shirley.
Map Quad: Pattersquash Island, 4007267.
Directions: Site is between the Shirley Basin of undeveloped Smith Point County Marina North and William Floyd Parkway, just before crossing
the Suffolk Blvd. Smith Point Bridge. It is the easternmost land mass on north shore of Great South Bay.
Owner: Suffolk County (Smith Point County Marina North).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 7 6 17 63 123 281 368

Comments: Least terns nested only on sand covered portions of dredge spoil in 1988. Dredge spoil deposited improperly in 1988, with silt on
top, which reduced the available nesting area.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The site has been used by the Smith Point dredging project (BR34) for disposal of spoil. In 1957, 809,100 cubic yards were
deposited; in 1961, 365,000 cubic yards were deposited. Dredging benefits general navigation.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Patrolled by Suffolk County Parks. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. Good productivity of least terns. Elevated berm discouraged ORV traffic.
Cooperation from Suffolk County Parks.
Threats: Vandalism (berm attracts neighborhood children), pets (dogs), advancing vegetational succession and development (proposed marina).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Restrict pets and educate owners about nesting birds. Restrict or mitigate
development. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate the public and area
residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
Bill Welsh, same address as above, (516) 281-4277.

PAGE 113

Flax Pond SEE MAP NO. 20

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Old Field.
Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
Directions: On north central shore of Old Field Peninsula, east of Crane Neck Point, and west of Old Field Point.
Owner: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.
Significant coastal habitat: Flax Pond.

SPECIES USr-.
Community type: Marith;,- sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 085 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

LT 300 100 15 0 0 2 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Monitored by Town of Brookhaven, Department of Environmental Protection.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed,,by New York State as a wetlands preserve.
Threats: Advancing vegetational successsion and recreation.
Recommendations: Maintain as Flax Oond significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage
vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.IEducate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, (516) 751-7900. Murray
Wade, Town of Brookhaven, Department of Environment, 3233 Route 112, Medford, NY 11763, (516) 451-6455.

PAGE 114

Mount Misery Point SEE MAP NO. 20

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Port Jefferson.
Map Quad: Port Jefferson, 400738 1.
Directions: Also referred to as McAllister County Park, the northernmost land mass bordering Port Jefferson Harbor on east side of harbor mouth,
just north of the Village of Belle Terre. Least terns nest primarily on the north side of peninsula, on beach bordering Long Island Sound.
Owner: Suffolk County (McAllister County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Port Jefferson Beaches.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 3 8 6 5 6 8

LT 0 226 182 302 110 43 192

CT - 0 0 0 2 8 166

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
Threats: Predation (fox), pets (dogs), flooding, recreation, ORVs and other (suspect poor food supply).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Port Jefferson Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Implement predator control. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the
public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
Dr. Sheldon Katz, Attorney at Law, 18 Cliffside Dr., Belle Terre, NY 11777, (516) 369-1100.

PAGE 115

Old Field Beach Point SEE MAP NO. 20

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Old Field.
Map Quad: Port Jefferson, 4007381.
Directions: The land mass on the west side of the mouth of the Port Jefferson Harbor. Birds nest on the southeastern tip of this peninsula,
adjacent to Port Jefferson Harbor, rather than along Long Island Sound.
Owner: Suffolk County.
Significant coastal hab"W: Port Jefferson Beaches.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 10 8 6 6 3 1

LT 0 315 93 57 30 11 7

CT - 55 34 51 48 14 0

Comments: Least tern nests failed due to flooding in 1988. Common tern nests failed, probably due to predation.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Designated as a bird sanctuary by Suffolk County. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Accessible primarily
by boat.
Threats: Flooding and recreation (boaters, camping).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Port Jefferson Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Restrict camping. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.

PAGE 116

West Inlet Island SEE MAP NO. 21

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
Map Quad: Moriches, 4007277.
Directions: Cupsogue Beach County Park, near S. Brookhaven/Southampton town line.
Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-shrub.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 1050 1110 1050 1200 55 6

RT 8 0 10 23 0 0

BS 36 46 38 60 0 3

Comments: Two subcolonies exist: the main subcolony and the heronry subcolony. This was a new site for egrets.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding, recreation, and predation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 117

Carters Island SEE MAP NO. 21

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
Map Quad: Moriches, 4007277.
Directions: North of Smith Point County Park, directly south of Floyd Point, Mastic.
Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
Significant coas'l-ol habitat: Moriches Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT - - 158 2000 1800 2200 1200 1675
BS 0 0 0 6 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 118

New Made Island SEE MAP NO. 21

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
Map Quad: Moriches, 4007277.
Directions: North of Smith Point County Park, south of Floyd Point, Mastic.
Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
Significant coastal habitat: Moriches Bay.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 1050 178 363 975 1150 0

Comments: Two subcolonies: marsh subcolony, located on barrier beach salt marsh, and subcolony 1.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding and predation are current threats; recreation is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 119

Smith Point County Park Site SEE MAP NO. 21

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Shirley-
Map QtPR,!.- M,@-;-hes, 4007277.
Directions: Locatea on Fire Island in Smith Point County Park, approximately I mile west of Moriches Inlet, includes most of Great Gun Beach.
On south shore of barrier isiaad, bordering Atlantic Ocean.
Owners: Suffolk County (Smith Point County Park) and Town of Brookhaven.
Significant coastal habitat: Smith Point County Park.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Marine sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 4 4 6 6

LT 0 0 0 0 642 329 135 26

Comments: ORVs and construction vehicles for Moriches Inlet jetty work were diverted around site in 1988 by Suffolk County Parks.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Suffolk County Parks. Patrolled by Suffolk County Parks. Volunteers
coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed in part by Suffolk County Parks. Good productivity for least terns and piping plovers. Beach closed to
ORVs through nesting season by Suffolk County Parks.
Threats: ORV traffic, flooding, recreation, vandalism, and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of significant coastal habitat. Restrict ORV use. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
Bill Welsh, same address, (516) 281-4271;.

PAGE 120

Roe Avenue Patchogu e SEE MAP NO. 22

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Patchogue.
Map Quad: Howells Point, 4007268.
Directions: Located at the end of Roe Avenue in East Patchogue, across the street from the Domino Yacht Club, just west of Mud Creek, and
just north of Great South Bay.
Owners: Private
Significant coastal habitat: Roe Avenue Spoil Area.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sandy spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 9 20 0 0 0 14 22

Comments: Least terns were present at the site all years but were never successful at breeding due to heavy ORV disturbance. Seven breeding
pairs in 1988 were joined by about 40 adults when ORV traffic was eliminated.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredging from the Mud Creek project (BR22) benefits the marina on Mud Creek with its 400 slips. Contractors are currently
under a ten-year dredging restriction. Spoil was deposited on this upland site as follows:

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Cubic Yards 4800 3500 1300 6000 1800

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC. Patrolled by Suffolk County Police.
Positive aspects: In 1988 least terns nested successfully when ORV traffic was eliminated. Private landowner permits fencing of site.
Threats: ORV traffic, pets (dogs) and development.
Recommendations: Maintain as Roe Avenue Dredge Spoil Area significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Restrict ORV use. Restrict development. Monitor dredging activity to insure regulations are followed, especially the correct timing of spoil
placement. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach- nesting birds. Restrict pets, educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Peter Capinola, Caumsett State Park, Lloyd Harbor, NY 11743, (516) 421-3526.

PAGE 121

Cupsogue Beach County Park Site SEE MAP NO. 23

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Brookhaven, East Moriches.
Map Quads: Eastport, 4007276.
Directions: The colony is located about 150 meters east of Moriches Inlet in the Cupsogue Beach County Park
Owner: Suffolk County (Cupsogue Beach County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Cupsogue County Park.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 5 6 8 4 10 8 13

LT 300 856 35 71 0 ? 49 222

Comments: Much of the beach was washed away by hurricane Gloria in 1985.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Moriches Inlet dredging project (BR29) deposited spoil for beach nourishment at two spots including Moriches Inlet (and
Cupsogue) and Northwest Cut (an island). Dredging benefits general navigation. Not all of the following spoil was deposited at the tern site, but
it does represent potential nesting substrate for future colonies and would require appropriate management.

1953 1958 1966 1969 1973 1978 1987

Cubic Yards 747300 365700 677900 151000 135000 218500 20000

Protection: String-fenced, posted and inonitored by TNC in 1987.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreation due to remote location. Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. Good predictability of nesting
activity between years. Good productivity by piping plovers.
Threats: Recreation (boat landing) and potential predation (gulls). ORVs are a potential threat if Dune Road is opened up.
Recommendations: Maintain as Cupsoiue County Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Implement predator control (exclosures).'', Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk County Parks Commission, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.

PAGE 122

East Inlet Island SEE MAP NO. 23

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
Map Quad: Eastport, 4007276.
Directions: Moriches inlet just north of Cupsogue Beach County Park.
Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
Significant coastal habitat: Moriches Bay.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT 3350

RT ? 70

BS ? 212

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: This is a dredge spoil deposition site.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Recreation is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Michael Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 123

Jamesport Town Beach East SEE MAP NO. 36

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Riverhead, Jamesport.
Map Quad: Mattituck, 4007285.
Directions: Located in South Jamesport Town Beach just northeast of Miamogue Point with Flanders bay to the immediate south.
Owner: Town of Riverhead.
Significant coastal habitat: Jamesport Town Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 4 4 4 0 2 2 1

LT 4 10 80 224 6 0 58 120

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The East Creek dredging project (R2) benefits the town marina with 77 slips and a New York State boat ramp. Dredge spoil
was deposited at this site for beach nourishment, and formerly on an upland site.
1960 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Cubic yards 305900 108700 35600 38800 4300 4300 5000 10000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and operated by Town of Riverhead.
Threats: Recreation, advancing vegetational succession, pets and clam beds (stored within the colony's boundary). Local "party" spot with ORV
use. Dredging across inlet disturbs birds,.
Recommendations: Maintain as iamesp@ort Town Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Conduct dredging across inlet during non-nesting season, and use spoil deposition to enhance
nesting habitat. Restrict pets, educate owners about beach-nesting birds. See that clam beds are not stored where least terns may nest (see Steve
Sanford of DEC). Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Town of Riverhead, Riverhead Parks Department, Riverhead, NY 11901.
Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 124

Edwards Avenue Baiting Hollow SEE MAP NO. 37

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Riverhead, Wading River.
Map Quad: Wading River, 40007287.
Directions: Located on north side of Riverhead, between Baiting Hollow Scout Camp and Camp Grant. Adjacent to New York State Conservation
Area. Located 1/2 of a mile west of parking area at end of Edwards Ave., on beach.
Owner: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

LT 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 2

Comments: Thirteen least terns were observed loafing at site in 1988, no nesting.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
Threats: ORV traffic, pets (dogs) and other (not known why least terns stopped nesting here).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.#40, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11790,
(516) 751-7900.

PAGE 125

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Map No. 24 Map No. 30
Pikes Beach .............................. 129 Mecox Beach ............................. 147
Sams Creek .............................. 148
Map No. 25
Westhampton Beach ........................ 130 Map No. 31
Sagaponack Pond .......................... 149
Map No. 26 Peters Lane .............................. 150
Dune Road Quogue ......................... 131
Hot Dog Beach ............................ 132 Map No. 32
Tiana Beach .............................. 133 Pine Neck ............................... 151
Ponquogue Beach West ...................... 134 Morton National Wildlife Refuge .............. 152
Sedge Island ............................. 135
Greater Greenbacks Island ................... 136 Map No. 33
Lesser Greenbacks Island .................... 137 Cow Neck ................................ 153
Lanes Island ............................. 138 Sebonac Neck ............................. 154

Map No. 27 Map No. 34
Ponquogue Beach East ...................... 139 Wooley Pond ............................. 155
Shinnecock Inlet ........................... 140 Fish Cove ................................ 156
Southampton Beach ........................ 141 Towd Neck ............................... 157
Warner Islands ............................ 142 Fresh Pond Whalebone ...................... 158

Map No. 28 Map No. 35
Middle Pond Inlet ......................... 143 Red Cedar Point ........................... 159
Goose Creek .............................. 160
Map No. 29
Phillips Pond ............................. 144
Old Town Road Site ........................ 145
Coopers Neck Pond ........................ 146

PAGE 128

Pikes Beach SEE MAP NO. 24

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Tiana.
Map Quad: Eastport, 4007276.
Directions: Located on Westhampton Beach barrier island, on southeast (ocean) shore, opposite Swan Island in Moriches Bay.
Owner: Many private owners.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate:
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 2 0 0 0 -

LT 0 ? ? 15 0 0 1

Comments: Piping plovers seen in 1984, but none nested.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Pikes Beach Channel dredging project (SH24) was carried out for beach nourishment. Dredge spoil was deposited in the
following quantities, probably in vicinity of nesting areas or on bay side of island.

1968 1973 1978

Cubic yards 120800 63700 200000

Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Beach closed to vehicles and pedestrians due to severe erosion.
Threats: Beach erosion and flooding.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds arrive. Enhance site with
proper deposition of dredge spoil (if possible).
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.
F

PAGE 129

Westhampton Beach SEE MAP NO. 25

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Westhampton Beach.
Map Quad: Eastport, 4007276.
Directions: The colony is a long one extending east and west from the Sword Fish Club at the southern terminus of Jessup Lane. The colony east
of Sword Fish is called Lashley Pavilion and the colony west of the club is called Rogers Pavilion.
Owner: Many private owners.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 - 9 40 36 32

LT 0 0 0 0 275 704 370 349

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Groin field constructed in 1960's. NYS ownership fixed at mean high tide level for 1964 and 1967.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good productivity and numbers of both least terns and piping plovers on this stretch of beach. Some compliance by beach
residents to post and string colony, although area is not completely protected. West of each groin sand is building up and provides good nesting
habitat.
Threats: Recreation and residential use of beach.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colonies as birds arrive. Educate public and
area residents about beach-nesting birds. String colonies with corridors through colonies to allow beach access to residents. Restrict pets and educate
owners about beach-nesting birds. Inform fireworks coordinators about beach nesting-birds and ask that these activities be directed away from
colony. Include current management at following inns and clubs: Sandpiper Inn, LaRonde Beach Club, Swordfish Club, LaCoquille Beach Club,
Ocean Dunes West, and others where birds may try to nest. Also distribute educational information to beachfront residents on a yearly basis.
Contacts: Arma E. Andon, Mayor, Village of Westhampton Beach, P.O. Box 991, Westhampton Beach, NY 11978-0991.

PAGE 130

Dune Road Quogue SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Quogue.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: Located north of Dune Rd., on the north side of Westhampton Beach barrier island, 1.8 miles northeast of the junction of Dune Rd.
and Post Lane, approx. 1/4 mile southwest of Sedge island in Shinnecock Inlet. (Just southwest of Tequila Flats Restaurant.)
Owner. Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Pp - 0 0 5 3 0 2 2
LT 80 0 3 41 10 13 20 24

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Exclusively recreational beach.
Protection: Posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Little human disturbance.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation (fishing).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation for
optimal least tern nesting. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 131

Hot Dog Beach SEE MAP NO 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, East Quogue.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: From the junction of Dune Rd. and Post Lane, on Westhampton Beach barrier island, proceed northeast on Dune Rd. approx. 2 1/2
miles to Triton Lane, turn right (southeast), and park near beach. Site is located on beach, approx. 300 meters northeast.
Owner: Many private owners.
Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
PP - 0 0 5 8 8 14 14
LT 0 0 40 88 575 65 140 86

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Exclusively recreational beach. Private landowners believe private property extends to water's edge.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Excellent habitat for least terns.
Threats: Recreation, development, ORV traffic, flooding, predation (fox) and pets.
Recommendations: Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about nesting birds. Restrict development. Restrict ORV use or limit
speeds. Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 132

Tiana Beach SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Tiana.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: Located on Southampton Beach barrier island, approximately 1/2 mile southwest of the southern tip of Lanes Island. From Tiana
Beach Town Park, walk 400 meters east along beach from parking lot.
Owner: Town of Southampton and Suffolk County.
Significant coastal habitat. Tiana Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 3 6 10 3 11 6 6

LT 100 17 162 47 0 0 29 15

Comments: Seatuck lists this site as a subcolony of "Lanes-Tiana East." Piping plovers and least terns have used areas between Hot Dog Beach
and Tiana Beach in past years; Seatuck calls this area "west of Tiana Beach."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Less heavily used for recreation than beaches east and west of nesting area.
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, pets and development.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony site as birds arrive.
Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORVs or limit speeds. Restrict or mitigate development.
Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516)581-6908.

PAGE 133

Ponquogue Beach West SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Ponquogue.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: Located on barrier beach, approx. 1 1/2 miles southwest of Shinnecock Inlet lookout tower. From Ponquogue Town Park (junction
of Dune and Lighthouse Rds.), site is located approx. 1/3 of a mile west along beach.
Owner: Suffolk County.
Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type- Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
PP - - 4 2 2 0 0 0
LT 70 50 67 0 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and predation.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds arrive.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 134

Sedge Island SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: North of Dune Road and Dolphin Lane intersection.
Owner. Southampton Trustees.
Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island with barrier island subcolony.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - 0 288 0 76 41 70 40

BS - 50 0 0 2 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history. Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 135

I
Greater Greenbacks Island SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: North of Beach Road, west of Ponquogue Bridge.
Owner: Southampton Trustees.
Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT - - 98 73 175 130 120 140
BS 2 0 0 2 ? 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation is a potential threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 136

Lesser Greenbacks Island SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
Directions: North of Beach Road, west of Ponquogue Bridge, west of Greater Greenbacks Island.
Owner. Southampton Trustees.
Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 70 138 11 0 ? 18

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding and recreation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 137

Lanes Island SEE MAP NO. 26

LOCATION:
County, "'.: t, tv: Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Quogut:, 4U,, 1 7 5.
Directions: North of Tiana Beach in Shinnecock Bay.
Owner: Southampton Trustees.
Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
CT - - 2000 4000 1780 3315 3270 437
RT 76 125 10 2 0 0
BS 4 4 72 49 36 26
Comments: Seatuck lists this site with Tiana Beach as "Lanes-Tiana East."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Predation is a current threat.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Michael Scheibel, NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 138

Ponquogue Beach East SEE MAP NO. 27

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Ponquogue.
Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
Directions: Located on barrier island, approximately 3/4 of a mile southwest of Shinnecok Inlet lookout tower. From junction of Dune and
Lighthouse Roads, proceed approx. 1/2 mile northeast of Dune Rd. to Road 1. Turn right (southeast) onto Road I and park at road end. Site is
located southwest from road end approx. 1/8 mile.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 2 2 1 2 4 4 2

LT 70 34 50 51 120 25 3 3

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, advancing vegetational succession, vandalism and beach erosion.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as needed. Educate
the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds.
Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 139

Shinnecock Inlet SEE MAP NO. 27

LOCATION:
Countl "fv: Suffolk, Southampton, Ponquogue.
Map Ouad: Shina-uci, 4007274.
Directions: On barrier island beach, approx. 1/8 southwest of Shinnecock Inlet lookout tower.
Owner: Suffolk County (Shinnecock Inlet County Park West).
Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 2 2 2 0 0 0 0

LT 150 19 88 16 0 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The area is heavily used by recreational boaters, and boat traffic through the inlet is very heavy. The Shinnecock Inlet dredging
project (SH39) benefited general navigation and commerce. The following amounts of dredge spoil were deposited at this site.

1951 1968 1969 1973

Cubic yards 110500 270300 113000 250900

Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: County-owned.
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, human disturbance from adjacent parking lot.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds arrive.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Use snow fence to segregate nesting area from parking lot and ORV traffic. Educate the public and ORV users
about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk County Department of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-
6767.

PAGE 140

Southampton Beach SEE MAP NO. 27

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Shinnecock Hills.
Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
Directions: The site is located on the south shore barrier island just east of Shinnecock Inlet. Road D is the fourth road from the inlet heading
east, perpendicular to Dune Road.
Owner. Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Southampton Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 2 4 6 6 5 10

LT 50 0 10 5 0 22 57 302

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Doubtful that dredging activity from the nearby Shinnecock Inlet directly affects this site.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good productivity by least terns and piping plovers.
Threats: Recreation, pets (dogs), ORV traffic and predation (gulls).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Southampton Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Continue to educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Restrict
ORV use or limit speeds.
Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
Mike Scheibel, Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bldg. #40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 141

Sd . I
Warner Islands MAP NO. 27

LOCATION:
County, Town, Localit). Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
Directions: East of Ponquogue Bridge, west of Shinnecock Inlet.
Owner: Southampton Trustees.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Sand - grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 468 1130 1073 1163 1250 3900

RT 0 0 0 14 ? 12

BS 68 108 126 40 76 34

Comments: Three subcolonies: east island, west island, and south island.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a serious current threat; predation, recreation, and pets are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. 040, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 1] 790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 142

Middle Pond Inlet SEE MAP NO. 28

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Shinnecock Hills.
Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Middle Pond is located on the eastern shores of Shinnecock Bay, just south of Far Pond and just north of Old Fort Pond. The colony
is found on the southwestern peninsula of the pond's surrounding land mass.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Far Pond and Middle Pond Inlets.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 4 2 4 2 2 4 2

LT 82 33 10 18 13 11 95 42

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Middle Pond dredging project (SH13) deposited spoil solely for beach nourishment as follows:
1 1982 1983 1984 1985 1989
Cubic yards 1 45400 105400 11400 37000 42000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Neighbors very helpful with monitoring the colony and protecting it
from disturbance. Good predictability of breeding activity between years. Pristine habitat excellent for nesters.
Threats: Flooding, predation (gulls) and minimal recreation (boat landing).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Far Pond and Middle Ponds Inlet significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony
as birds arrive. Place future dredge spoil closer to the point so as to diminish flooding potential. Implement predator control (exclosures). Educate
the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Philip Kraft, 68 Far Pond Rd., Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 473-0557.

PAGE 143

Phillips Pond SEE MAP NO. 29

LOCATION:
County, 'I own, Suffolk, Southampton, Wickapogue.
Map Quad: Sag Harbor, .''11"7283.
Directions: Phillips Pond is located southeast of Wickapogue and directly east of Wickapogue Pond, and just west of Fowler St. The colony is
located directly south of where Fowler St. ends.
Owner. Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 2 0 0 1 2

LT 0 0 0 37 4 0 15 12

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: ORV traffic and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
Mike Scheibet, Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bidg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 144

Old Town Road Site SEE MAP NO. 29

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Wickapogue.
Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.
Directions: The site is located at the very end and just east of Old Town Rd. in Southampton, midway between Old Town Pond and Wickapogue
Pond.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - ? ? 2 ? 0 0 ?

LT ? ? ? 25 ? 13 0 ?

Comments: Also called Gin Lane East and Wickapogue Pond.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use.
Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
Recommendations: Designate area as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
or limit speeds. Continue to educate beach users and area residents about beach nesting birds.
Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.

PAGE 145

Coopers Neck Pond SEE MAP NO. 2R

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality. Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
Directions: East of Shinnecock Indian Reservation, nothern side of Meadow Lane.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Shoreline, ocean/estuary.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted, string-fenced, and patrolled.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Pets, vehicles, and recreation are current threat; flooding, predation, vandalism, and development are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516),751-7900.

PAGE 146

Mecox Beach SEE MAP NO. 30

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Mecox.
Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.
Directions: From Montauk Highway in Southampton, take Flying Point Road south and east about 2 miles to end. Site is on beach east of road
end.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Mecox Bay and Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, intertidal beaches and mudflats, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 3 4 0 2 0 0 1

LT 0 27 14 0 3 0 2 0

Comments: Some numbers represent breeding populations, although the area is mostly used as a foraging and loafing area by piping plovers,
least terns and other shorebirds.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history. The Mecox Bay dredging project (SH12) was carried out for beach nourishment and spoil deposited as follows.

1982 1989

Cubic yards 71100 volume
unknown

Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Site has good food resources for piping plovers and least terns, although nesting is uncommon.
Threats: ORV traffic, recreation and predation (gulls).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mecox Bay and Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Locate future spoil deposition in area of inlet with less human disturbance. Implement predator control
(exclosures). Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
Allen Jackson, Southampton Parks and Recreation, Southampton, NY 11968.

PAGE 147

Sams Creek SEE MAP NO. 30

LOCATION:
County, Towm Suffolk, Southampton, Mecox.
Map Quad: Sag Harjul, '(1117283.
Directions: Plover nest was issund just west of the end of Atlantic Ave., south of Sams Creek on the beach front.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Adjacent to but not included in Mecox Bay and Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 1 0 0 2 6 2 0
LT 90 3 0 0 10 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Expand Mecox Bay and Beach significant coastal habitat to include this area, or designate the area by itself as a significant
coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Frank and Myra Weiser, Box 846 Surdside Dr., Bridgehampton, NY 11932, (516) 537-3166. Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of
Environmental Protection, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. #40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 148

Sagaponack Pond SEE MAP NO. 31

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Sagaponack.
Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283. ting it from
Directions: Sagaponack Lake is located just south of Bridgehampton in the Town of Southampton with a narrow belt of land separa
the Atlantic Ocean. The birds nest on this narrow belt of land.
Owner: Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Sagaponack Inlet.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 2 2 2 4 0 2

LT 20 12 6 15 0 10 5 19

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: ORV traffic, recreation, pets (dogs) and predation (gulls).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Sagaponak Inlet significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
nesting birds.
Contacts: Judy Froebel, 1100 Meadow Lane, Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 283-8627 is local, interested resident. Mike Scheibel, NYS
Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 149

Peters Lane SEE MAP NO. 31

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Sagaponack.
Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.
Directions: Peters Lane is located midway between Sagaponack Lake and Wainscott Pond, just east of Peters Pond. The colony is located on the
beach at the end of the lane.
Owner. Town of 'Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 1 2 2 0 0 0

LT 30 0 8 28 11 3 0 0

Comments: A Seatuck and Heritage synonym for this colony is Fairfield Pond Lane.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats- ORV traffic, recreation and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
speeds. Continue to educate beach users and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.*40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-
7900.

PAGE 150

Pine Neck SEE MAP No. 32

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Noyak.
Map Quad: Sag Harbor and Greenport, 4007283 and 4007213, respectively.
Directions: Pine Neck is located in the south part of Noyack Bay midway between Jessup Neck and North Haven. The colony is located on the
peninsula north of Mill Creek, just west of Pine Neck Ave.
Owner. Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Noyack Bay Beaches.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 2 3 2 2 2 2

LT 30 17 82 250 600 342 80 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Mill Creek dredging project (SH14) deposits spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting two marinas and a yacht club with
145 slips and 35 moorings. 1982 1988 1989

Cubic yards 180700 27100 13000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Excellent productivity of both piping plovers and least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Recreation, pets (dogs and cats), ORV traffic and advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Noyack Bay Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Continue
to restrict ORV use with snow fences, limit speeds. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.
Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
Mike Scheibel, Department of Environmental Conservation Stony Brook Campus, Bldg. #40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 151

Morton National Wildlife Refuge SEE MAP NO. 32

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: !*!,ffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
Directions: On Noyack Road, approximately 5 miles east of North Sea and 3.5 miles west of Sag Harbor.
Owner: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Gravel beach.
Nest substrate: Sand - gravel.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 2 0 0 2

LT 0 0 90 0 16 0 0 6

CT - - 40 0 0 0 0 0

Comments: Exact area used for nesting is unclear.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects: Managed as a wildlife refuge.
Threats: Unknown.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Refuge Manager, Wertheim NWR, P.O. Box 21, Shirley, NY 11967

PAGE 152

Cow Neck SEE MAP NO. 33

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, North Sea.
Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Located on small island in Bull Head Bay between Little Sebonac and Sebonac Creeks. Birds nest on beach by Great Peconic Bay.
Owner. Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Cow Neck.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
Historr. The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PF - 3 2 4 6 4 10 6

LT 24 30 48 51 35 18 37 72

CT - - 0 4 0 0 0 0

Comments: Seatuck name is "Bullhead Bay."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredge spoil from the Sebonac Creek dredging project (SH35) was deposited here for beach nourishment, benefiting the Bull
Head Yacht Club with its boat ramp. 1958 1967 1968 1981
Cubic yards 110200 58700 51500 8900
Protection: "No boat landing" signs posted and site monitored by TNC in 1987 and 1988. Private ownership and resident Sun club patrol the island
and discourage recreation or trespassing.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote, island location. ORV use light, restricted to members of the nearby hunt club.
Good productivity by both piping plovers and least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Predation (gull and raccoon), recreation (boat landing), flooding and occasional ORV traffic (from hunt club).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cow Neck significant coastal habitat. Implement predator control for raccoons. Continue to monitor and
protect the colony as birds arrive. Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Maintain relations with local gun club for
permission to post and monitor the colony. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Peter Salm, North Sea Rd., Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 283-0302.

PAGE 153

Sebonac Neck SEE MAP NO. 33

LOCATION:
County, Town, V111,vqe: Suffolk, Southampton, Shinnecock Hills.
Map Quad: Soutfia_q,z:r. 4007284.
Directions: The colony is located on the peninsula that separates Cold Spring Pond from Great Peconic Bay, from the western tip of that peninsula
east to Cold Spring Rd.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Sebonac Neck.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 4 3 2 4 4 4 4

LT 0 95 42 63 160 103 41 55

CT - - 0 0 16 45 17 44

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Cold Spring Pond dredging project (SH4) places spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting a local marina with 45 slips.

1964 1967 1971 1975 1982 1986 1987

Cubic yards 124800 29800 23900 28300 48000 22500 7000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Local residents and TNC regularly patrol the site.
Positive aspects: Some local cooperation with residents to protect the colony. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Good
productivity by both piping plovers and least terns.
Threats: Heavy recreation, ORV traffic, flooding, pets (dogs) and predation (cats).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Sebonac Neck significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Continue to solicit support from residents for colony's protection. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Continue to
restrict ORV traffic with fencing. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Continue to enhance the site (minimizing flooding)
by proper dredge spoil deposition.
Contacts: Ruth and Henry Heuze, 139 Cold Spring Point Rd., Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 238-2058 are permanent residents supportive of
the colony's protection.

PAGE 154

Wooley Pond SEE MAP NO. 34

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Rose Grove.
Map Quad- Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Wooley Pond is on the south shore of Little Peconic Bay, west of Rose Grove. The colony is on the peninsula, west of the pond.
Owner. Five private owners of the area.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
Nest substrate: Sand, spoil and cobble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

LT 0 - - 13 18 9 15 18

SITE MANAGEMENT-
Land use history: Spoil from the Wooley Pond dredging project (SH50) was placed for beach nourishment, and benefits a local marina with 100
slips and 20 moorings. Year 1964 1967 1972 1975 1979
Cubic yards 210800 15200 12800 12000 3000

Year 1980 1981 1983 1984 1985

Cubic yards 6700 2900 11300 6900 5000

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Nearby landowners provided with explanation
for posting and protection of the colony.
Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony before birds arrive. Educate the public,
area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Continue to restrict ORV use. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751 -
7900.

PAGE 155

Fish Cove SEE MAP NO. 34

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southhampton, North Sea.
Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: The Fish Cove site is located on the north side of Noyack Rd. along the southeast side of North Sea Harbor.
Owner: Unknown.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated, just south of Towd Point significant coastal habitat.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0

Comments: Numbers represent three breeding pairs for 1987 and only loafing birds for 1988.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Nearby dredging at North Sea Harbor may be responsible for the spoil located at this site. North Sea spoil is deposited for beach
nourishment, benefiting a local marina with 130 slips and boat ramp.

Year 1961 1964 1971 1975 1980

Cubic yards 108100 18300 47500 25000 33900

Year 1981 1982 1983 1984

Cubic yards 2900 4500 22400 15800
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987. Snow-fenced in 1988 by unknown party. Volunteers coordinated by TNC
in 1987.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreation due to remote location.
Threats: Vegetational succession and recreation (new condos across street).
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate public and area residents
about beach-nesting birds. Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive.
Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.

PAGE 156

Towd Neck SEE MAP NO. 34

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, North Sea.
Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Towd Point is on the south shore of Little Peconic Bay, north of North Sea Harbor. Site is about 3/4 mile east of harbor inlet.
Owner. Town of Southampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Towd Point.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

LT 60 65 46 33 0 8 0 0

Comments: Seatuck name is "North Sea Harbor, Towd Neck." The colony was abandoned in 1987, probably due to ORV traffic.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Landusehistorr. Dredge operations from nearby North Sea Harbor project (SH16) either directly or indirectly affect breeding birds at this site.
Spoil is deposited for beach nourishment, benefiting a local marina with 130 slips and a boat ramp.

Year 1961 1964 1971 1975 1980 1981
Cubic yards 108100 18300 47500 25000 33900 2900

Year 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Cubic yards 4500 22400 15800 10000 14000 10000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively good predictability of nesting activity between years (as long as ORV traffic is discouraged).
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, predation (gulls, crows) and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Towd Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Continue to restrict ORV use. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Use predator exclosures.
Contacts: Dave Baldwin, Cedar Crest, Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 283-4221 a local, interested resident.

PAGE 157

Fresh Pond Whalebone SEE MAP NO. 34

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Noyack.
Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Whalebone Landing is located on the south shore of Little Peconic Bay, east of Rose Grove and north of Noyac Road. The colony
is between homes on East Shore Road and Little Peconic Bay, northeast of Fresh Pond.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune. ji
Nest substrate: Gravel.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT - - - - - - 15

Comments: Residents report seeing least terns here in 1988, but no official counts were reported.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Beach is heavily used by residents for swimming and sunbathing.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects: No ORV access. it
Threats: Heavy use by association members. Bayfront residents use direct access paths from homes to beach rather than main beach entrance.
Predation by gulls is a current problem.
Recommendations: Negotiate management agreement with homeowner's assciation. Limit access to beach to a restricted number of routes.
Contacts: South Fork-Shelter Island Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, PO Box JJJJ, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 324-1330.

PAGE 158

Red Cedar Point SEE MAP NO. 35

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Hampton Bays.
Map Quad: Mattituck, 4007285.
Directions: Red Cedar Point juts from the south into Flanders Bay with Cow Yard Beach just west and Red Cedar Creek Pond just east.
Owner- Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Flanders Bay Wetlands.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
Historr. The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 1 1 2 2 2 2 4

LT 2 33 9 17 24 10 27 25

CT - - 0 0 0 0 7 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredge spoil deposition is currently active at nearby Red Creek Pond, but it is doubtful that Red Cedar Point is affected by
this operation.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Doris Koffman has given TNC permission to post her land and protect the birds.
Positive aspects: ORV traffic and general recreation not common since it is private land. Relatively good productivity by both piping plovers
and least terns at this site. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Recreation (boat landing), flooding and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Flanders Bay Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Maintain relations with Ms. Koffman to see that the colony is protected. Continue to post with "no boat landing" signs to discourage this
activity. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Site could be enhanced (flooding reduced) with proper deposition of dredge
spoil.
Contacts: Doris Koffman, Red Cedar Point, Hampton Bays, NY 11946, (516) 728-3980. Mike Scheibel, Department of Enviornmental
Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bldg.*40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

PAGE 159

Goose Creek SEE MAP NO. 35

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
Map Quad: Mattituck, 4007285.
Directions: On north side of Rt. 24 (Riverhead- Hampton Bays Road), approximately 3.5 miles east of Riverhead.
Owner: Suffolk County Parks Department (Flanders Parkland).
Significant coastal habitat: Flanders Bay Wetland.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Salt-water, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 4 1 2 2 0 2 2

LT 30 16 72 4 8 0 15 33

CT - - 6 7 2 0 4 0

Comments: Two subcolonies: "Point" subcolony inactive since 1986; "Inlet" subcolony is active nesting site. Exact area used for nesting is unclear.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects: Unknown.
Threats: Flooding and recreation are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk County Department of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-
6767. Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 3 1, Islip, NY If 751, (516) 581-6908.

PAGE 160

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EAST HAMPTON Map No. 48
Map No. 43 Goff Point ............................... 169
Georgica!'-@l 7 ........................... 163 Hicks Island ............................. 170

Map No. 44 Map No. 49
Af aidstopir R.-ach .......................... 164 Louse Point .............................. 171
Gerard Drive Site .......................... 172
Map No. 45 Gerard Park .............................. 173
Napeague Beach West ....................... 165 Cartwright Island ......................... 174

Map No. 46 Map No. 50
Napeague Beach East ....................... 166 Lionhead Beach ........................... 175
Hither Hills East .......................... 167 Sarnmys Beach ............................ 176

Map No. 47 Map No. 51
Oyster Pond .............................. 168 Northwest Harbor .......................... 177

Map No. 52
Cedar Point East Hampton ................... 178

PAGE 162

Georgica Pond SEE MAP NO. 43

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Georgica Pond.
Map Quad: East Hampton, 4007282.
Directions: Ocean and pond beaches are at the mouth of Georgica Pond.
Owner. Town of East Hampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 2 4 4 4 13 7

LT 0 0 4 18 0 14 69 245

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Town trustees dredge the inlet of the pond each spring. Area is traditionally used by crabbers.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC from 1986 to 1988. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Patrolled by Town
of East Hampton.
Positive aspects: High quality habitat. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Flooding, heavy ORV traffic, recreation and pets.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public, area
residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Patrol on site, especially during the 4th of July weekend.
Enhance site to help prevent flooding by placing sand on the eastern and western land masses on either side of the inlet. Restrict pets and educate
owners about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., Town of East Hampton, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.

PAGE 163

Maidstone Beach SEE MAP NO. 44

LOCATION:
County, Towr 11,11pge: Suffolk, East Hampton, East Hampton.
Map Quad: t7, on, 4007282.
Directions: OtL; *, @_!,@h of eastern part of Town of East Hampton in front of Maidstone Beach Club and adjacent to private homes.
Owner: Town of East Hampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Atlantic Double Dune.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 2 1 0 2

LT 40 31 12 0 26 52 40 30

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Area is used as a bathing beach for the private Maidstone Club.
Protection: Snow- and string-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC from 1986 to 1988. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Land above high tide line qwned and managed by Maidstone Club, which has given TNC permission to protect the area. Area
adjacent to TNC property. Good numbers and productivity of least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: ORV traffic, recreation and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Expand Atlantic Double Dune significant coastal habitat west to include entire site. Continue to monitor and protect colony
as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about
beach-nesting birds. Important to monitor colony during July 4 weekend. Maintain relations with manager of beach club to continue protecting
colony.
Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001. Cid Cerchiai,
Maidstone Beach Club, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462. Polly Bruckman, East Hampton Garden Club, East Hampton, NY 11937,(516)
324-4020.

PAGE 164

Napeague Beach West SEE MAP NO. 45

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality. Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
Map Quad: Napeague Beach, 4007281.
Directions: From Route 27, east of Amagansett, turn south onto Dolphin Road. Beach access is on left side of road. Go left (east) after reaching
beach; site is about 20 yards away from access point.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Napeague Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

J982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp 2 0 4 1 2 0 0

LT Is 12 22 23 27 0 0

Comments: Reasons for lack of least tern nesting in 1988 unknown. Plovers used a relatively large area for feeding after chicks hatched.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Area is used as a private and public bathing beach.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Good volunteer tern warden lived
nearby and patrolled the colony often.
Positive aspects: Nearly pristine habitat. Relatively low recreational use. Neighbors cooperative, contribute to protection efforts, Good
predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: ORV traffic and predation (fox, gulls).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Napeague Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., Town of East Hampton, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8461

PAGE 165

Napeague Beach East SEE MAP NO. 46

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4007211.
Directions: Take Route 27 east out of Amagansett, go 5 miles to Navahoe Lane, go south on Navahoe Lane to end. Site is on beach south of road.
Owner: Town of East Hampton.
Significant 'Ntat: East of and adjacent to Napeague Beach, but not included.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - 2 6 5 4 1 2

LT 26 37 29 9 0 9

Comments: Colony was not established in 1988 due to heavy recreational use and ORV traffic.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Area is used as a private and public bathing beach.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Nearly pristine habitat is easily protected from human disturbance.
Threats: ORV traffic and predation (fox, gulls).
Recommendations: Expand Napeague Beach signif icant coastal habitat to include site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Implement predator control (or exclosures). Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
-8462. George Larson, Manager of East
Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., Town of East Hampton, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267
End L.I. Parks, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.

PAGE 166

Hither Hills East SEE MAP NO. 46

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Montauk Beach.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4107211.
Directions: From junction of Montauk Highway and Old Montauk Highway, go east on Old Montauk Highway approx. 2 1/8 miles to Hither Hills
State Park Ranger Station, on the south side of the road. Park in lot. Site is located approx. 200 yards southwest from ranger station, on beach
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Hither Hills State Park).
Significant Coastal Habitat: Napeague Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - - - - - 2 ?

Comments: First record of nesting piping plovers at this site in 1988.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Area used as a public bathing beach.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Habitat quality is good.
Threats: ORV traffic, recreation and predation (gulls).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Napeague Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds return.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Implement predator control (exclosures).
Contacts: George Larson, Manager, East End Parks, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554. South Fork-Shelter Island
Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, P.O. Box JJJJ, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 324-1330.

PAGE 167

SEE MAP NO. 47
Oyster Pond

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Montauk Point.
Map Quad: Me-- @: Point, 4107118.
Directions: Follow Rou;,- 27 to the east terminus. Two miles southwest of turnaround, look for dirt road. Go north to end of road. Site is on
north shore between Oyster Pond and Block Island Sound.
Owner: N"_ -F Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Montauk Point State Park).
Significant coastal fiabi ' Oyster Pond.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
LT 80 0 0 0 0 0
CT 80 0 0 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks.
Threats: ORV traffic and flooding.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Oyster Pond significant coastal habitat. Monitor and protect the colony if birds arrive. Restrict ORV
use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: George Larson, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.

PAGE 168

Goff Point SEE MAP NO. 48

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4107211.
Directions: Peninsula extending west and south from extreme northwestern corner of Hither Hills State Park. The tip is the northern shore of
the navigable entrance to Napeague Harbor.
Owner. NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Hither Hills State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Napeague Harbor.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - - 0 0 2 0 0 0

LT - - 75 45 0 18 19 25

RT - - 0 0 0 2 0 0

CT - - 0 0 0 0 3 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The inlet to Napeague Harbor was dredged in 1967 (342,000 cy), and the spoil was placed in an upland position on Hicks Island,
benefiting the town boat ramp at Lazy Point. Spoil could be used at Goff Point for site enhancement in the future if necessary.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC from 1986 to 1988. Patrolled by rangers at Hither Hills State Park.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Good predictability
of nesting activity by least terns between years.
Threats: ORV traffic (fishermen), unsuitable substrate (very compacted), predation (gulls) and minimal recreation (boat landing).
Recommendations: Maintain as Napeague Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate
fishermen about beach-nesting birds and/or restrict their ORV use and limit speeds. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil, covering
the compacted soil with better materials.
Contacts: George Larson, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.

PAGE 169

Hicks Island SEE MAP NO. 48

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
MapQt,c-' - "--rs Island East, 4107211.
Directious. i he ,.. -tern edge of Napeague Harbor with the eastern lobe making up the southern shore of Napeague Harbor entrance channel.
Owner NYS Office of 1,., -i, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Hither Hills State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Napeague Harbor.

SPECIF. '. ' '@-
Communit'y"iype: Maritiiw. @and beach and dune and dredge spoil.
Nest substrate: Sand/cobble, sand/pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 2 1 0 3 2 4

LT - 45 46 0 0 27 0 47

RT - - 80 0 0 0 18 40

CT - 600 0 0 is 360 476

BS 0 0 0 0 0 32

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Napeague Harbor dredging project (EH3) benefits the town boat ramp at Lazy Point Park. Dredge spoil (342,000 cubic
yards) was deposited on an upland site on Hicks Island in 1967.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location (island). No ORV use.
Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Predation (rats and gulls), advancing vegetational succession and recreation (occasional boat landing).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Napeague Harbor significant coastal habitat. Implement predator control of rats. Manage vegetation for
optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper deposition of
dredge spoil. Manage historic nesting areas for optimal roseate tern nesting.
Contacts: George Larson, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.

PAGE 170

Louse Point SEE MAP NO. 49

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Springs.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
Directions: Louse Point is located east of Wood Tick Island, and is the southernmost peninsula of Accabonac Harbor, bordered to the east by
Napeague Bay.
Owner: Town of East Hampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Accabonac Harbor.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 2 0 0 4 4 4

LT 40 0 10 0 0 17 0 0

Comments: Least terns seen here in 1988, but no nesting occurred. Seatuck name is "Accabonac Harbor."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Accabonac Harbor dredging project deposited spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting two town boat ramps. Cannot be
sure how much of this spoil was actually placed on Louse Point.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Cubic Yards 205000 74000 17000 30000 30000

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned by town, able to manage vegetation.
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, advancing vegetational succession, predation (unknown) and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Educate beach users, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Manage vegetation for optimal
least tern nesting. Determine predator and implement predator control if appropriate. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bidg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11970, (516) 751-7900.
Larry Penny, Town of East Hampton, 159 Pantigo Road, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.

PAGE 171

Gerard Drive Site SEE MAP NO. 49

LOCATION:
County, To--,, '7-iffolk, East Hampton, Springs.
Map Quad: Gardim,.z, j. @ist, 4107112.
Directions: Gerard Point is "@., .:,,s the Accabonac Harbor inlet from Louses Point, and in the southern terminus to the northern peninsula enclosing
Accabonac Harbor. This colony is at the very tip of the point.
Owner: Town of East Hampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Accabonac Harbor.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 4 4 4
LT - - - - - - 4

Comments: Fourteen roseate terns were seen here in 1988, but they have never nested here.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Accabonac Harbor dredging project (EHI) deposited spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting two town boat ramps. Spoil
taken from the inlet may be placed on this site and Louses Point.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1989

Cubic Yards 205000 74000 17000 30000 30000
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1988. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Neighbors regularly watching site.
Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, pets (dogs) and advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach nesting birds. Continue
to enhance site with the proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for least tern nesting. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds.
Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.

PAGE 172

Gerard Park SEE MAP NO. 49

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Springs.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
Directions: Town park and adjacent public beach approximately 1/2 of a mile north of tip of peninsula that encloses a major portion of Accabonac
Harbor.
Owner: Town of East Hampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Accabonac Harbor.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

0 0 4 0 2 2 2

LT - - 4 0 0 0 0
PP

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Dredging does occur a half mile south at the Accabonac Harbor inlet, but this activity probably does not affect this site.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1988.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by the Town of East Hampton.
Threats: ORV traffic (fishermen), recreation, pets (dogs) and gulls.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bidg.#40, Stony Brook, 11970,(516) 751-7900.
Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.

PAGE 173

Cartwright Island SEE MAP NO. 49

LOCATION: ."J folk, East Hampton, Gardiners Island.
County, Town, Locaiity: .
Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4107211.
Directions: Peninsula at the extreme southern end of Gardiners Island.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Gardiners Island.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 0 2 - 0

CT - - 40 285 250 738 - 0

RT - 57 5 133 - 0

BS 42 36 53 - 0

Comments: Seatuck name is "Gardiner's Island, Cartwright Point subcolony."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Birds on this private island have never been otherwise protected.
Positive aspects: No recreation due to the remote location of the private island. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
Threats: Predation (gulls), flooding and recreation (minimal boat landing).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Gardiners; Island significant coastal habitat. Seek management agreement (if appropriate) with private
owners to protect beach-nesting birds. Implement predator control (exclosures).
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. *40, Stony Brook, NY 11790,(516) 751-
7900.

PAGE 174

Lionhead Beach SEE MAP NO. 50

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Fireplace.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
Directions: The site is located just north of Maidstone Beach and just south of Hog Creek inlet at the end of Isle of Wight Road.
Owner. Town of East Hampton.
Significant coastal habitat: Northeast of Three Mile Harbor and northwest of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitats, but not included
in either.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
History.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 2 1 0 2 0 0

LT 0 28 16 0 0 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history. Dredging activity occurs southwest at Three Mile Harbor inlet, but this activity probably does not affect Lionhead Beach.
Protection: No protection as birds have not nested here recently.
Positive aspects: Suitable habitat.
Threats: Heavy recreation, pets (dogs) and flooding.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Monitor the site in early May since recreation may discourage nesting; early protection
may allow birds to nest successfully. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about
beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.

PAGE 175

Sammys Beach SEE MAP NO. 50

LOCATION:
County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Three Mile Harbor.
Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
Directions: On northwest shore of Three Mile Harbor, west of jetty.
Owner: Town nFFast Hampton.
Significai.1 -), !,qfat: Three Mile Harbor.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil, sand and pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

LT 200 175 60 3 31 20 Is 5

CT - - 52 88 28 75 39 so

RT 0 0 0 2 0 0

Comments: Common terns nest on a nearby marsh "subcolony". Roseate terns and black terns are also regularly seen here, although nests were
never found. Seatuck name is "Three Mile Harbor."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Area is used by local boaters and recreational is ts. The Three Mile Harbor dredge project (EH6) has deposited spoil for beach
nourishment on both sides of the inlet (including Sammys Beach). Dredging benefits 10 marinas with 643 slips, a commercial fishing dock, three
town boat ramps and slips at a county/town facility.

1958 1961 1965 1974 1975

Cubic Yards 82000 35000 106000 83000 90000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Good productivity by least terns.
Threats: Heavy ORV traffic, recreation (fireworks display on 4th of July), predation (unknown) and advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Three Mile Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Restrict ORV
use or limit speeds. Determine type of predator and implement control. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.

PAGE 176

Northwest Harbor SEE MAP NO. 51

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Mill Hills Estate.
Map Quad: Greenport and Gardiners Island West, 4107213 and 4007212, respectively.
Directions: From Sag Harbor take 114 southeast 2 1/4 miles to Swamp Road. Turn east, go for about 2 miles to Northwest Landing road. Site
is at end of road on bank of Northwest Creek.
Owner: Suffolk County (Northwest Harbor County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Northwest Creek.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 0 0 20 48 20

Comments: Least terns were not seen since 1977 until colony was found in 1987. Piping plovers have been seen, but have not nested.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Dredging from the Northwest Harbor project modified inlet orientation, placing spoil on a barrier spit. Town boat ramp
(Northwest Landing Road) and informal moorings benefited.
1961 1965 1971

Cubic Yards 357000 49000 18000

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. ORV access easily restricted. Relatively low recreational use.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation (hiking, boaters, fishermen) and ORV traffic.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Northwest Creek significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate
the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner and Al Brenner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516)
924-6767 or (516) 324-2195.

PAGE 177

Cedar Point East Hampton SEE MAP NO. 52

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Grass Hollow.
Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
Directions: Long , -tward pointing peninsula separating Northwest Harbor and Gardiners Bay.
Owner: Suffolk County _Aar Point County Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Point Peninsula.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 1 0 0 1 4 1

LT 0 85 29 0 0 0 0 0

Comments: Seatuck name is "Cedar Point County Park."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: Snow-fenced by Suffolk County Parks. String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1988. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County. CIRV traffic light, restricted and monitored by county officials. Protection has given
large, relatively undisturbed area to the birds.
Threats: Recreation (boat landing and foot traffic), ORV traffic and predation (unknown).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cedar Point Peninsula significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive by fencing the south side of the site. Continue to post "no boat landing" signs along the shore. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate
the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
At Brenner, same address as above, Park Supervisor, Cedar Point County Park, (516) 324-2195.

PAGE 178

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Map No.53 Map No. 57
Richmond Creek ........................... 191
Mashornack Point .......................... 181 Hog Neck Bay ............................ 192
Gibsons Beach ............................ 182 Corey Creek .............................. 193
Cedar Beach Point Southold .................. 194
Map
Shell Beach ...... ...................... 183 Map No. 58
Crab Creek ............................... 184
Paradise Beach Point ....................... 195
Port of Egypt ............................. 196
Conkling Point ............................ 197
SOUTHOLD Jockey Creek Spoil ......................... 198

Map No. 55 Map No. 59
Marraiooka Point .......................... 185 Gull Pond West ............................ 199
Downs Creek ............................. f86
Kimogener Point ........................... 187 Map No. 60
Fleets Neck .............................. 188 Orient Point State Park ..................... 200
Meadow Beach ............................ 189 Map No. 61
Map No. 56 Mattituck Inlet ............................ 201
Robins Istand ............................. 190 Map No. 62
East End Fishers Island ..................... 202

Map No. 63
Great Gull Island .......................... 203

PAGE 180

Mashomack Point SEE MAP NO. 53

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island, Mashomack.
Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
Directions: The site is the southernmost land mass on Shelter Island, extending southward towards Sag Harbor with Gardiners Bay to the east and
Shelter Island Sound to the west.
Owner. Private (The Nature Conservancy).
Significant coastal habitat: Mashomack Preserve -Shelter Island.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult piping plovers were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

0 0 0 0 4 4 4

LT - - - - - - 4
PP

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Once part of hunting club, now run as a natural area.
Protection: Area closed off to human traffic during the nesting season.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by TNC. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
Threats: Predation (unknown) and recreation (occasional boatianding).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mashomack Preserve -Shelter Island significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect pairs of
piping plovers if necessary. Implement predator control (if mammalian). Continue to post site with no boat landing signs. Educate visitors about
beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.

PAGE 181

Gibsons Beach SEE MAP NO. 53

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island, Mashomack.
Quad name: Greenport. 4107213.
Directions: Site is located just north of Mashomack Point on the eastern side of that peninsula adjacent to Gardiners Bay on Shelter Island.
Owner: Private (The Nature Conservancy).
Significant coastal habitat: Mashomack Preserve -Shelter Island.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand and cobble.
History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT - 0 0 0 0 6 0 0

Comments: Least terns were seen here in 1988, at least one fledgling with them, but suspect that these were loafing birds.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987. Monitored in 1988.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by TNC. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles.
Threats: Flooding and predation (gulls and raccoons).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mashomack Preserve-Shelter Island significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony
as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures).
Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.

PAGE 182

Shell Beach SEE MAP NO. 54

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island, Shelter Island.
Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
Directions: Site is a sand spit on the southeastern shore of Shelter Island, bordered to the north by West Neck Harbor and to the south by Shelter
Island Sound.
Owner. Town of Shelter Island.
Significant coastal habitat: Shell Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune and dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 2 2 3 2 4 2 0

LT 30 12 19 40 132 359 47 35

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Spoil from the West Neck Harbor project (SIIO) was deposited for beach nourishment benefiting two ramps as follows:

1955 1960 1965 1976 1983

Cubic yards 8000 313000 19400 18800 17400

Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Management agreement between the Town of Shelter Island and the South Fork/Shelter Island Chapter of The Nature
Conservancy. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Good productivity by both piping plovers and least terns. Relatively low
recreation due to remote location when protected from occasional ORV use.
Threats: ORV traffic, predation (unknown), pets (dogs) and recreation (boat landing).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Shell Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Determine type of predator and implement predator control. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
nesting birds. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964.

PAGE 183

Crab Creek SEE MAP NO. 54

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island.
Map Quad: Greenport, 4147213.
Directions: Site located at the end of Crab Creek Point, a peninsula on the West Neck of Shelter Island.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP 0 0 2 0 0 0 3

LT - - - - - - 58

Comments: Both plovers and terns arrived at site in early June; may have moved from another site, maybe Shelf Beach? Seatuck name is "Shelter
Island, Crab Creek."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging. Owned and managed by homeowner's association. Northern end of point used for swimming, but little
use of southern end of point.
Protection: Area is closed to public and posted by homeowner's association.
Positive aspects: Area is relatively remote from development and not used much by swimmers or ORVs.
Threats: Flooding may be a potential threat.
Recommendations: Monitor use by birds in future seasons. Coordinateprotection and monitoring with homeowner's association. Monitor potential
threats from boaters and jet skiers from Crab Creek.
Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, PO Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.

PAGE 184

Marratooka Point SEE MAP NO. 55

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southhold, Mattituck.
Quad name: Mattituck, 4007285.
Directions: From Route 25 in Mattituck, go east on New Suffolk Rd. I mile to Marratooka Rd. Take second right, onto Bungalo Lane, follow
to dead end (southeast). Site is east of road end, at mouth of Deep Hole Creek.
Owners: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/pebble and sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 1 0 0 2 2

LT 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 11

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: Dredge spoil from the Deep Hole Creek project (S6) was deposited for beach nourishment on both sides of the inlet at Maratooka
Pt. 1964 1972 1975 1976 1980 1982 1983 1987
Cubic 243500 21100 4000 14000 15000 8800 6300 7000
yards

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Landowners cooperated with protection efforts. Recreational use limited to residents. Proper deposition of dredge spoil has
enhanced habitat for piping plovers and least terns by reducing flooding at this site.
Threats: Predation (gulls) and recreation.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Implement predator
control. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 185

Downs Creek SEE MAP NO. @s

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Si.iffolk, Southold, Cutchogue.
Quad name: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Beaches at the mouth of Downs Creek.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Downs Creek.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate:
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 4 0 0

Comments: Seatuck lists this site and Kimogener Point as subcolonies at "New Suffolk, Cutchogue."

SITE MANAGENIENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Pristine habitat is easily protected with no ORV intrusions.
Threats: Recreation, development and predation (gulls), pets.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Downs Creek significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Restrict or mitigate development. Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict ORV use. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 186

Kimogener Point SEE MAP NO. 55

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, New Suffolk.
Quad name: Southampton, 4007284.
Directions: Take New Suffolk Ave. east from Route 25 in New Suffolk. Go east just over 3 miles, turn left on Kimogener Point Rd., follow to
end. Site is located on peninsula west of road end, at mouth of West Creek.
Owner. Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 0 4 2 1

LT ? 0 0 0 0 23 59 0

Comments: In 1988, least tern colony was abandoned due to flooding. Seatuck lists this site and Downs Creek as subcolonies at "New Suffolk,
Cutchogue."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history. The West Creek dredging project (S26) cleared a boat
ramp (6 cars). Spoil was deposited on both sides of West Creek inlet for beach nourishment in the following quantities, not all on nesting areas.

1966 1976 1982

Cubic yards 92500 9000 2800

Protection: Owners did not allow fencing of site. Posted and monitored by TNC. Individual nests marked to make more visible to walkers in
absence of fencing.
Positive aspects: Access restricted to residents. ORV use restricted.
Threats: Flooding, recreation, narrow beach and pets.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and post the colony as birds arrive. Obtain permission to string-
fence the colony and nest sites. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11951, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 187

Fleets Neck SEE MAP NO. @5

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, East Cutchogue.
Quad up- '-fhold, 4107214.
Directh;_ __,_ , beach south of the end of Fleetwood Road in East Cutchogue, on the northwest side of Cutchogue Harbor. From the North
Ferry in Greenport, take i, 1 15 west 9.4 miles to Pequash Ave., turn left onto Pequash Ave. and proceed 0.9 miles to a fork in the road. Bear
left onto Fleetwood Rd, follow i teetwood to end.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Cutchogue Harbor and Wetlands.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: N/A.
History: The following numbers of adult piping plovers were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

Comments: Recreational use from area residents reduces potential for successful nesting.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and pets.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cutchogue Harbor and Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nest sites
if birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate the public, area residents
and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 188

Meadow Beach SEE MAP NO. 55

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Nassau Point.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: From Route 25 in East Cutchogue, take Skunk Lane south I mile to Bay Ave. Go 1/2 mile east on Bay Ave. to Nassau Point Rd.
Follow Nassau Point Rd. to end. Site is on beach west of road end.
Owner: Private (The Nature Conservancy).
Significant coastal habitat: Cutchogue Harbor and Wetlands.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, salt marsh.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 4 3 3 2 2 2 1

LT 60 25 18 45 21 17 27 16

Comments: Both species abandoned nest site in 1988 due to flooding.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by TNC. Relatively low human disturbance due to protected status.
Threats: Flooding and recreation (boaters).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cutchogue Inlet and Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as
birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict boat-landing (signs). Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 189

Robins Island SEE MAP NO. 56

LOCATION:
County, T-- -1-tv: Suffolk, Southold, Robins Island.
Quad natu,@ ot, .' 4007284.
Directions: Island in UredL .;nic Bay, north of Southampton.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Robins Island.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 2 2 0 0 0

LT 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0

Comments: TNC and Suffolk County are attempting purchase. Exact location on island where nesting occurred is unknown.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: None.
Positive aspects: Privately owned island. Access only by private boat, with permission of owners. Limited ORV use.
Threats: Development, recreation (boaters), ORV traffic (caretaker patrols beach).
Recommendations: Maintain as Robins Island significant coastal habitat. Obtain permission to monitor and protect nesting areas as needed.
Restrict development. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. *40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-
7900.

PAGE 190

SEE MAP NO. 57
Richmond Creek

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Peconic.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: From Route 25, approx. 1 1/2 miles norhteast of East Cutchogue, take Indian Neck Lane. Follow to end. Site is northeast of road
end, on beach towards mouth of Richmond Creek.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Richmond Creek and Beach.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1998 1989
PP - 2 0 0 5 2 1 2
LT 20 0 0 0 55 19 42 58
CT - - 0 0 0 0 2 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: The Richmond Creek dredging project (S22) deposited spoil as beach nourishment and boat ramp. Dredge spoil was deposited
in the following quantities, on both sides of the inlet, on nesting areas and loafing areas.
1959 1964 1967 1972 1983
Cubic yards 123000 82800 25100 5500 15300

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Inaccessible to ORVs.
Threats: Recreation (boaters, swimmers from public beach, across inlet) ORV traffic (ATVs), pets and predation (gulls, crows).
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Richmond Creek and Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as
birds arrive. Restrict ORVs or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Implement predator control (exclosures).
=Richy I

Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 191

Hog Neck Bay SEE MAP NO. 57

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Laughing Waters.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: From Southold, take Route 25 west to South Harbor Rd., go south 1/2 mile to Hiawatha's Path, go east and south to road end, turn
east onto Minnehaha Blvd., go approx. 1/8 mile to Wigwam Way, follow west and south to end. Located approx. 25 yards north of domed house
at road end.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: West of and adjacent to Corey Creek significant coastal habitat.

SPECIES USE:
Community N4aritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: @)aiiu.
History: The following nw,ibers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 0 0 0 0 2 ?

Comments: Piping plovers first seen nesting at this site in 1988, but nest was destroyed by crow predation. Site is also loafing area for least terns
from Corey Creek.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: The Corey Creek dredging project (S4) benefits a 6 car boat ramp. Dredge spoil from this project was deposited in the following
quantities have been deposited on upland sites and for beach nourishment at Hog Neck Bay, Corey Creek, and/or other locations.

1963/4 1967 1972 1981 1983 1984
Cubic yards 345600 23900 7600 10200 800 3500

Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Not open to the public.
Threats: Predation (crows), beach erosion, advancing vegetational succession, recreation and pets (dogs).
Recommendations: Continue to monitor and protect the nesting area as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosure). Enhance site with
proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal piping plover nesting. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 192

Corey Creek SEE MAP NO. 57

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Peconic.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: Southeastern arm of sand spit enclosing Corey Creek inlet, at southwestern corner of Great Hog Neck peninsula, southeast across
mouth of Corey Creek from village of Laughing Waters.
Owners: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Corey Creek.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

Pp - 0 2 0 2 0 0 2

LT 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0

Comments: Habitat appears good, reasons for lack of nesting unknown.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: Dredging from the Corey Creek project (S4) benefited boat ramp (6 cars). Dredge spoil was deposited in the following quantities
at an upland site and for beach nourishment at Corey Creek, Hog Neck Bay and/or other locations.

1963/4 1967 1972 1981 1983 1984
Cubic yards 345600 23900 7600 10200 800 3500

Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Good habitat, relatively low recreational use.
Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, ORV traffic, recreation and flooding.
Recommendations: Maintain as Corey Creek significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage
vegetation for optimal piping plover and least tern nesting. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users
about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 193

Cedar Beach Point Southold SEE MAP NO. 57

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Cedar Beach.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: Located in the village of Cedar Beach, the southeastern arm extending around the inlet at the southeast corner of Great Hog Neck
Peninsula. Accessed via the east end of Cedar Beach Rd.
Owner: Suffolk County (Suffolk County Community College).
Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Beach Point.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/cobble/pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 2 3 0 0 1 0

LT 80 95 10 9 0 0 13 11

Comments: Seatuck name is "Cedar Beach Point."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: Dredging from the Cedar Beach (S.C. Community College) project (S3) benefits Suffolk Co. Community College Marine
Technology Department. The following quantities of dredge spoil were deposited for beach nourishment.

1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987

Cubic 12400 1900 9700 1700 1700 1900 1440 2880 1920
yards

Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County as parkland. Geography makes site easy to protect.
Threats: ORV traffic, advancing vegetational succession and predation (unknown).
Recommendations: Maintain as Cedar Beach Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict
ORV use (extend existing guardrail). Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Determine type of predator and implement
predator control.
Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.

PAGE 194

Paradise Beach Point SEE MAP NO. 58

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Bayview.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: From Route 25 in Southold, take Pine Neck Rd. east to North Rd., which turns into North Bayview Rd. Follow N. Bayview South
and east to Paradise Point Rd. Go northeast to Robinson Rd. Follow Robinson Rd. to end at Southold Yacht Club. Site is on beach to northeast.
The northeast "corner" of Great Hog Neck peninsula.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 2 2 0 0 0 0 0

LT 90 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Comments: Poor habitat for piping plovers and least terns.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: Monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Privately owned. No ORV use.
Threats: Recreation (heavily used as a bathing beach).
Recommendations: Consider designation as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony if birds arrive. Educate area
residents about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 195

Port of Egypt SEE MAP NO. 58

LOCATION:
County, Town, Lotaiiity: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
Quad name: Southold, 410 - " 14.
Directions: From Greenport Ferry terminal follow Route 25 west 3.2 miles to marina. Colony is on island and accessible only by boat.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Port of Egypt Island.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 2 2 2 2 2

LT - 0 0 0 0 0 7 80

BS - - 40 24 0 13 2 4

CT - 1000 524 175 185 122 200

Comments: Black skimmer numbers are estimates. Seatuck name is "Southold, Port of Egypt."

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: Dredging from the Mill Creek project (S 18) benefits 3 marinas with a total of 361 slips. The following quantities of dredge spoil
were deposited on this site.
1963 1968 1975 1979 1981

Cubic yards 66300 2700 6000 4000 4500

Protection: Posted and monitored by TNC.
Positive aspects: Island colony, accessible only by private boat. Owner cooperates with protection efforts. Relatively low recreational use, due
to remote location.
Threats: Recreation (boaters), predation (gulls), advancing vegetational succession.
Recommendations: Manage channel boat traffic. Maintain as Port of Egypt significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony
as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures?). Manage vegetation for optimal piping plover and least tern nesting. Enhance site by
proper deposition of dredge spoil to set back vegetational succession. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605. Tim Grey, Tin Masonry, Main Southold, NY 11971, (516)
765-1417.

PAGE 196

Conkling Point SEE MAP NO. 58

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: From Greenport Ferry Terminal, follow signs to Route 25, go west on 25 for 1.9 miles to Kerwin Rd. on left, take Kerwin Rd. to
Bayshore Rd., take right onto Bayshore, follow to end. Walk from road end to end of point (with permission of residents).
Owner. Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Conkling Point.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand/pebble.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 6 5 3 2 2 2 2
LT 45 105 50 0 23 47 45

Comments: Colony abandoned in 1988 because of flooding, possibly also pets and recreation.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: None.
Protection: Private owner will not allow posting of LICWA signs (1988) but may post his own signs in future seasons. TNC posted interpretive
sign in 1988, monitored.
Positive aspects: Geography of site makes it easily protected if fencing and posting was allowed.
Threats: Flooding, recreation (hikers, boaters), pets (dogs, cats), predation (gulls, possibly mink) and development.
Recommendations: Maintain as Conkling Point significant coastal habitat. Obtain permission to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Restrict or mitigate development. Educate the public and area residents about beach-
nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 197

Jockey Creek Spoil SEE MAP NO. 58

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Southold Bay.
Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
Directions: Located at the mouth of Jockey Creek, just north of Great Hog Neck on Shelter Island Sound.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Jockey Creek Spoil Area.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 6 1 4 0 0 0 0

LT 0 7 23 14 0 0 0 0

CT - - 0 0 0 0 0 2

Commentst

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: Dredging from the Jockey Creek project (S14) benefits marina with 60 slips. The following quantities of dredge spoil were
deposited on the site.

1959a 1959b 1976

Cubic yards 23200 93400 9000

Protection: Unknown
Positive aspects: Unknown
Threats: Unknown
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Jockey Creek Spoil Area significant coastal habitat.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 198

Gull Pond Wes, SEE MAP NO. 59

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
Quad name: Greenport, 4107213.
Directions: From Main St. (Route 25) in Greenport, go south on Manhasset Ave. to end. Site is located on beach, directly west of road end.
Owner. Town of Southold.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach, dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
Nest substrate: Sand.
Historr. The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 6 1 2 2 0 0

LT 0 0 6 3 4 0 0 0

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Dredge history: The Gull Pond dredging project (Sl 1) benefits large docking facility at Manhasset Ave. Park. Dredge spoil was deposited in the
following quantities west of Gull Pond for beach nourishment.
1 1959 1960 1970 1979 1983
Cubic yards 1 177200 28500 29000 23300 1000
Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Guard rail erected to keep out ORVs (not sufficient).
Positive aspects: Vehicles can be restricted.
Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 199

Orient Point State Park SEE MAP NO. 60

LOCATION.
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
Map Quad: Orient and Greenport, 4107223 and 4107213, respectively.
Directions: At Orient Beach State Park, about 1/2 mile east of road end (turnaround at bathhouse) on south beach.
Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Orient Point State Park).
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
Nest substrate: Sand.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 198-1 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 0 0 4 2 17 21

LT 0 0 0 0 0 8 35 28

Comments:

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: No known dredging.
Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
Positive aspects: Owned and managed by NYS. Pets restricted. Nesting areas are remote from most recreational use. ORVs limited to official
vehicles.
Threats: Predation (gulls, crows, foxes, racoons), recreation (hikers) and ORV traffic.
Recommendations: Designate as signif icant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Implement predator control
(exclosures). Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Mr. Raymond Dobbins, Park Manager, Orient Point State Park, P.O. Box 117, Main Rd., Orient, NY 11957, (516) 323-2440.

PAGE 200

Mattituck Inlet SEE MAP NO. 61

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Mattituck.
Map Quad: Mattituck Hills, 4107215.
Directions: From Route 84 in Mattituck (West Mill Rd.), go south on Reeve Ave., take second left onto Builie Beach Rd., follow north to end.
Site is west of road end at mouth of Mattituck Creek.
Owner. Village of Mattituck.
Significant coastal habitat: Mattituck Inlet Wetlands.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

PP - 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Comments: Site is very disturbed due to ORV use.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: The Mattituck Creek dredging project (S 17) benefited 3 marinas and park district boat slips and ramp, with a total of 197 slips.
Dredge spoil was taken from creek in the following quantities; site of deposition is uncertain.

Approximately 1596400 cubic yards dredged in 1955.

Protection: Monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC. ORV access blocked by guard rail (later vandalized and removed).
Positive aspects: Owned and managed as a village park by Mattituck Village.
Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mattituck Inlet Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.

PAGE 201

East End Fishers Island SEE MAP NO. 62

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Fishers Island.
Map Quad: Mystic, Conn.-NY-RI, 4107138.
Directions: Approximately 15 miles east of Orient Point, Ll.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Shoreline/ocean estuary.
Nest substrate: G rass/sedge/rush /herb.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

LT 0 0 0 26 18 0 0 0

Comments: The site has been flooded for three consecutive years since 1985.

SITE MANAGEMENT:
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted.
Positive aspects:
Threats: Flooding is a serious current threat; predation, recreation, ORVs, and pets are potential threats.
Recommendations:
Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790,(516)
751-7900.

PAGE 202

Great Gulf Island SEE MAP NO. 63

LOCATION:
County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold.
Map Quad: Plum Island, 4107222.
Directions: About 10 miles east of Orient Point, Lt.
Owner: Private.
Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

SPECIES USE:
Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-rocks/crevices.
History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

CT - - 10000 10000 11000 12000 12000 12000

RT 1400 1400 1500 1500 2400 2400

Comments: Two subcolonies: Great Gull and Little Gull Islands.

SITE MANAGEMENT.
Land use history: Unknown.
Protection: Posted and patrolled.
Positive aspects: Researchers from Great Gull Island Project of the American Museum of Natural History live on Great Gull Island and study
the colony throughout the breeding season. The island supports the second largest common tern colony in NYS, and the second largest roseate tern
colony in North America.
Threats: Unknown.
Recommendations: Designate as a Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife habitat.
Contacts: Helen Hays and staff of Great Gull Island project, American Museum of Natural History, 79th and Central Park West, NY, NY 10024,
(212) 873-4225.

PAGE 203

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10.0 Appendices

10.1 Species Referenced by Common Name

PLANTS
Common Name Scientific Name Least Tern Sterna antillarurn
American beachgrass Arnmophila breviligulata Piping Plover Charadrius melodus
Beach-pea Lathyrus japonica Roseate Tern Sterna dougalld
Common reedgrass Phragmites australis Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres
Dwarf spikerush Eleocharis parvulva Starling Sturnus vulgaris
Dusty-miller Arlernisia stellariana
Eelgrass Zostera marina Mammals:
Naiad Najas spp. Black rat Raltus rattus
Pondweed Polarnogeton spp. Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis
Salt- meadowgrass Spartina patens Norway rat Rattus norvegicus
Saltmarsh fleabane Pulchea odorata Raccoon Procyon lolor
Sea-rocket Cakile edentula Red fox Vulpes vulpes
Seaside goldenrod Solidago sempervirens Skunk Spilogale putorius
Slender spikerush Eleocharis elliptica
Switchgrass Panicum virgatum Marsupials: Didelphis virginiana
Water-shield Brasenia schreberi Opossum
Water-weed Elodea spp.
White water-lily Nymphaea odorata Fish: Bluefish Potamlornus saltairix
Pipef ish Sygnathus fuscus
Common Name ANIMALS Scientific Name Sand lance Arnmodytes arnericanus
Birds: Black Skimmer Rynchops niger
Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
Common Tern Sterna hirundo
Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos
Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus
Greater Black-backed Gull Larus marinus
Herring Gull Larus artentatus

PAGE 205

I
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10.2 Public Agencies Fish and Wildlife Service Anne Hecht
Region 5 Office
10.2.1 Federal Agencies I Gateway Center, Suite 700
Newton Corner, MA 02158
Army Corps of Engineers Karen Gustina (617) 965-5100
Environmental Analysis Bureau Len Houston
26 Federal Plaza Cortland Field Office
New York, NY 10278-0900 100 Grange Place
(212) 264-0100 Cortland, NY 13045
(607) 753-9335
Department of Commerce Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge Tom Jasikoff
Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources Management P.O. Box 21
3300 Whitehaven Street NW Shirley, NY 11967
Page Building #1 (516) 286-0485
Washington, DC 20235
(202) 634-4126
Environmental Protection Agency
26 Federal Plaza
Department of the Interior New York, NY 10278
National Park Service (212) 264-2525
Gateway National Recreation Area
Floyd Bennett Field, Bldg.. 69
Brooklyn, NY 11234 Federal Emergency Management Agency
(718) 338-3578 26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge (212) 238-8208
Floyd Bennet Field, Bldg. 69
Brooklyn, NY 11234
(718) 474-0613

Fire Island National Seashore
120 Laurel Street
Patchogue, NY 11772
(516)286-7964,289-4114,597-6455

PAGE 207

10.2.2 State Agencies NYS Office of General Services Robert Stapf
Division of Land Utilization
NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Bureau of Land Management
Region I Michael Scheibel Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza
Building 40, SUNY-Stony Brook Albany, NY 12242
Stony Brook, NY 11794 (518) 474-2195
(516) 751-7900

Region 2 NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation
47-4L , - , L@-et Long Island Region
Long Island City, NY I 1101 Belmont Lake State Park
(718) 482-4997 Babylon, NY 11702
(516) 669-1000
Information Resources Section Eugene McCaffery
Natural Heritage Program and Kathryn Schneider Hecksher State Park F.P. O'Neil
Significant Habitat Unit John Ozard PO Box 153
700 Troy- Schenectady Road Larry Brown East Islip, NY 11730
Latham, NY 12110-2400 (516) 581-2100
(518) 783-3932
Hither Hills State Park George Larsen
Species Section Eric Fried Montauk Highway
Non-Game Unit and Endangered Robert Miller Montauk, NY 11954
Species Unit Peter Nye (516) 668-2461
Wildlife Resources Center
Delmar, NY 12054-4767 Orient Point State Park Raymond Dobbins
(518) 439-8082 PO Box 117
Main Road
Orient, NY 11957
NYS Department of State Thomas Hart (516) 323-2440
Div. of Coastal Resources and
Waterfront Revitalization
162 Washington Ave.
Albany, NY 12231-0001
(518) 474-3643

PAGE 208

10.23 County and Local Agencies Town of North Hempstead
Town Hall
Long Island Regional Planning Board 220 Plandome Road
Veterans Memorial Highway Manhasset, NY 11030
H. Lee Dennison Building (516) 627-0590
Hauppauge, NY 11788
(516) 360-5189 Town of Oyster Bay
Town Hall
Nassau County Oyster Bay, NY 11771
(516) 922-5800
Nassau County Planning Commission
400 County Seat Drive Suffolk County
Mineola, NY 11501
(516) 535-5844 Suffolk County Planning Commission
Veterans Memorial Highway
Nassau County Department of H. Lee Dennison Building
Recreation and Parks Hauppauge, NY 11788
Eisenhower Park (516) 360-5189
Hempstead Turnpike
East Meadow, NY 11554 Department of Parks Recreation, and Conservation John Turner
(516) 542-4422 P.O. Box 144
West Sayville, NY 11796
Town of Hempstead (516) 367-7534, 924-6767
Town Hall
Hempstead, NY 11550 Town of Babylon
(516) 489-5000 Town Hall
200 E. Sunrise Highway
Town of Hempstead John D. Zarudsky Lindenhurst, NY 11757
Department of Conservation (516) 957-3000
and Waterways
I Parkside Drive Town of Brookhaven
Point Lookout, NY 11569 Town Hall
(516) 431-9200 205 South Ocean Avenue
Patchogue, NY 11772
(516) 654-7800

PAGE 209

Town of Brookhaven Murray Wade Town of Smithtown
Division of Environmental Protection Town Hall
3233 R-1- '' 99 W. Main Street
Medford, N't 11 1-03 Smithtown, NY 11787
451-6455 (516) 360-7602

Town of East Hampton Larry Penny Town of Smithtown Roger Balducci, Harbormaster
Dept. of Natural Resources James Cavanagh Dept. of Environmental Protection
159 Pantigo Road 124 West Main St.Russell Barnett
East Hamptoj., 11937 Smithtown, NY 11787
(516) 267-8462 (516) 360-7514

Town of Huntington Smithtown Town Naturalist Robert Griffen
Town Halls PO Box 222
100 Main Street Commack, NY 11725
Huntington, NY 11743 (516)543-7804
(516) 351-3030 Town of Southampton
Town of Islip Town Hall
Town Hall 116 Hampton Road
655 Main Street Southampton, NY 11968
Islip, NY 11751 (516) 283-6000
(516) 224-5485 Quogue Wildlife Refuge Carl Helms, Manager
Town of Riverhead and Nature Center
Town Hall Box 492
200 Howell Avenue Quogue, NY 11959
Riverhead, NY 11901 (516) 653-4771
(516) 727-3200 Town of Southold
Town of Shelter Island Town Hall
Town Hall 53095 Main Road
Shelter Island, NY 11964 Southold, NY 11971
(516) 749-0015 (516) 765-1800

PAGE 210

10.3 Private Organzations National Audubon Society Carl Safina
Scully Science Center
American Museum of Natural History Helen Hays 306 South Bay Ave.
Central Park West at 79th Street Chris Thompson Islip, NY 11751
New York, NY 10024 (516) 277-4289

Audubon Society of New York Ron Dodson Local Audubon Chapters
8 Wade Road
Latham, NY 12110 Four Harbors Audubon Joel Cook
(518) 783-8587 46 Dawson Ave.
Kings Park, NY 11754
Environmental Centers of Setauket Amy Frieman (516) 544-0703
Smithtown
Box 257 Great South Bay Audubon Society Diane Teta
Smithown, NY 11787 771 South Country Road
(516) 979-6344 (9-2 pm) East Patchogue, NY 11772
(516) 921-3060, 286-4866
The Group for the South Fork
Main Street Huntington Audubon Tom Caggiano
Bridgehampton, NY 11932 145 Hayrick Lane
(516) 537-1400 Commack, NY 11725
Long Island Beach Buggy Association John Fritz (516) 499-7504
290 West 3rd Street Huntington Audubon William Kolodnicki
Deer Park, NY 11729 Theodore Roosevelt Sanctuary
(516) 749-0105, 242-2539 134 Cove Road
Oyster Bay, NY 11771
National Audubon Society David Miller (516) 922-3200
1789 Western Avenue
Albany, NY 12203 South Shore Audubon Elliot Kutner
(518) 869-9731 461 Dunster Court
West Hampton, NY 11552
(516) 486-7667

PAGE 211

The Nature Conservancy
Long Island Chapter Andrew Walker
250 j c-@-vrpnce Hill Road
Cold Spring i.T--bor, NY 11724
(516) 367-3225

South Fork-Shelter Island Chapter Sara Davison
PO Box JJJJ
East Hampton, NY 11937
(516) 324-1330

Mashomack Preserve J. Michael Laspia

Shelter Island, TV 11974
(516) 749-1001

Seatuck Research Program Randall Downer
PO Box 31
Islip, NY 11751

Volunteers for Wildlife Sally Ruppert
P.O. Box 12
East Norwich, NY 11732

PAGE 212

10.4 References

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hirundo). Oecologia 65: 431-436.

Bent, A.C. 1963. Life histories of North American gulls and terns. Dover Publications, New York, NY. 337 pp.

Buckley, P.A. and F.G. Buckley. 1978. Guidelines for the protection and management of colonial nesting waterbirds. National Park
Service, Boston, MA. 54 pp.

. 1981. The endangered status of North American roseate terns. Colonial Waterbirds 4:166-173.

Bull, J. 1974. Birds of New York State. Doubleday, Garden City, NY. 656 pp.

Burger, J. 1987. Physical and social determinants of nest-site selection in Piping Plover in New Jersey. Condor 89:811-818.

Burger, J., M. Gochfeld, and C. Safina. in prep. Growth and development of Common and Roseate Tern chicks.

Cairns, W.E. 1982. Biology and behavior of breeding piping plovers. Wilson Bulletin 94:531-545.

Downer, R. and C. Leibelt. 1990. 1989 Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping Plover Survey. The Seatuck Research Program and
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Delmar, NY. 200 pp.

Duffy, D.C. 1986. Foraging at patches: interactions between Common and Roseate Terns. Ornis Scand. 17: 47-52.

Dunn, E.K. 1975. The role of environmental factors in the growth of tern chicks. J. Animal Ecol. 44: 743-754.

Erwin, R.M. 1977. Foraging and breeding adaptations to different food regimes in three seabirds: the Common Tern, Sterna hirundo,
Royal Tern, Sterna maxima, and Black Skimmer, Rynchops niger. Ecology 58: 389-397.

. 1989. Responses to human intruders to birds nesting in colonies: experimental results and management guidelines. Colonial
Waterbirds 12: 1.

Gochfeld, M. 1983. Colony site selection by least terns:physical attributes of sites. Colonial Waterbirds 6:205-213.

PAGE 213

Haig, S.M. and L.W. Oring. 1985. Distribution and status of the Piping Plover throughout the annual cycle. J. Field Ornithology 56:334-
345.

1988. Mate, site and territory fidelity in Piping Plovers. Auk 105:268-277.

Harrison, P. 1983. Seabirds: an identification guide. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.

Langham, N.P. 1972. Chick survival in terns (Sterna spp.) with particular reference to the Common Tern. J. Animal Ecol. 41: 385-395.

. 1983. Growth strategies in marine terns. Studies in Avian Biol. 8: 73-83.

Leatherman, S.P. 1982. Barrier Island Handbook. University of Maryland, College Park, MD. 109pp.

LeCroy, M. 197 1. Young Common and Roseate Terns learning to fish. Wils. Bull. 84: 201-202.

LeCroy, M. and S. LeCroy. 1974. Growth and fledging in the Common Tern (Sterna hirundo). Bird Banding 45: 326-340.

LeCroy, M. and C.T. Collins. 1972. Growth and survival of Common and Roseate Tern chicks. Auk 89: 595-611.

Marks, M. 1986. Element stewardship abstract: Least Tern (Sterna antillarum). Eastern Heritage Task Force, The Nature Conservancy.

McLean, D.C., T.S. Litwin, A. Ducey-Ortiz and R.A. Lent. 1987. 1987 Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping Plover Survey
Report. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Seatuck Research Program, Islip, NY. 174 pp.

Morris, R.D. 1986. Seasonal differences in courtship feeding rates of mate Common Terns. Can. J. Zool. 64: 501-507.

Nettleship, D.N., G.A. Sanger, and P.F. Springer (Eds.). 1984. Marine birds: their feeding ecology and commercial fisheries
relationships. Can. Wildl. Serv. 220 pp.

Nisbet, I.C.T. 1973a. Co u rtship -feeding, egg-size, and breeding success in Common Terns. Nature 241: 141-142.

1973b. Terns in Massachusetts: present numbers and historical changes. Bird-Banding 44: 27-55.

1975 Asynchronous hatching in Common and Roseate Terns, Sterna hirundo and S. dougaffli. Ibis 117: 374-379.

PAGE 214

1977. Courtship -feeding and clutch size in Common Terns, Sterna hirundo. pp. 101-109 in B. Stonehouse and C. Perrins, Eds.
Evolutionary Ecology. University Park Press. Baltimore.
. 1978. Dependence of fledging success on egg-size, parental performance, and egg-composition among Common and Roseate
Terns, Sterna hirundo and S. dougallff. Ibis 120: 207-215.
1980. Status and trends of the Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallh). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 131 pp.
1981. Biological characteristics of the Roseate Tern (Sterna dougalld). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 112 pp.
1983. Territorial feeding by Common Terns. Colonial Waterbirds 6: 64-70.
Nisbet, I.C.T. and M.E. Cohen. 1975. Asynchronous hatching in Common and Roseate Terns, Sterna hirundo and S. dougallii. This
117:374-379.
Nisbet, I.C.T. and W.H. Drury, 1972. Measuring breeding success in Common and Roseate Terns. Bird-Banding 43: 97-106.
Reschke, C. 1988. Natural and cultural communities of New York State - Preliminary Draft #4. New York Natural Heritage Program,
NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation.
Safina, C. and J. Burger. 1983. Effects of human disturbance on reproductive success in the Black Skimmer. Condor 85: 164-171.
Safina, C. and J. Burger. 1985. Common tern foraging: seasonal trends in prey fish densities and competition with bluefish. Ecology
66:1457-1463.
Safina, C. and J. Burger. in press. Ecological interactions among prey fish, Bluefish and Common Terns in a coastal Atlantic system.
In Seabirds and Other Marine Vertebrates: Competition, Predation, and Other Interactions (J. Burger, Ed.). Columbia University Press.
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PAGE 215

Safina, C. and J. Burger. ms 1988. Inter-annual variation in prey availability for Common Terns at different stages in their
reproductive cycle. Manuscript reviewed, revised paper resubmitted, Colonial, Waterbirds.

Safina, C., D. Witting, K. Smith. ms 1988. Viability of Salt Marshes as nesting habitat for Common Terns in New York. Manuscript
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Safina, C., D. Witting, i;L Smith and H. Ruben. 1988. Viability of salt marshes as breeding sites for Common Terns in New York.
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Spendelow, J. and J.D. Nichols. 1989. Annual survival rates of breeding adult roseate terns. Auk 106:367-374.

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