[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]








                                                             draft

QLL683.L66L66 1991




                      LONG ISLAND'S BEACH-NESTING SHOREBIRD HABITAT:
 

                                   ProtectiON and management of a vulnerable resource

                                                                                          prepared by:

       

                                                                                   New York state department of state
                                                                                     Division of coastal resources and
                                                                                              Waterfront revialization
                                                                                                  

																		and



                                                                                             The Nature conservancy




               QL															april 1991
               683
               .L66
                                                     







               L66
               1991








                 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                                                             A special thanks is extended to Carl Safina, John Zarudsky, Bill
                                                                                              Kolodnicki, and Larry Penny for all their assistance. Greg
                 This report is the result of a joint effort by the New York State            Capobianco and Kevin Cross (DOS) assisted with proofing and
                 Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront            editing throughout the document. Computer support was provided
                 Revitalization (DOS) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC).                       by William Cross (DOS), who made printing this document
                 Preparation of this report was funded in part by the Office of               possible.
                 Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and
                 Atmospheric Administration, with a grant provided under the                  Without the years of data compiled by the Seatuck Research
                 Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended. The Nature                  Program, this report would have been impossible.            A very
                 Conservancy's field work for preparation of this report was                  appreciative thanks is extended to past and present staff and
                 partially funded by the Zoos, Botanical Gardens and Aquariums                volunteers of this very fine, and enduring, organization.
                 Program, which is administered by the New York State Office of
                 Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for the Natural                  The following are acknowledged for granting permission to use
                 Heritage Trust. Additional funding for The Nature Conservancy's              copyrighted materials:
                 Plover and Tern Stewards was provided by the Return A Gift to
                 Wildlife Fund, administered by the New York State Department                 William T. Fox (author) and Clare Walker Leslie (illustrator) of "At
                 of Environmental Conservation.                                               the Sea's Edge" (1983) for Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5 in Chapter One,
                                                                                              reprinted by permission of the publisher, Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
                 Many individuals contributed to production of this document.                 Englewood Cliffs, NJ; and
                 Under the supervision of Karene Motivans of the Long Island and
                 South Fork-Shelter Island Chapters of The Nature Conservancy,                Stephen P. Leatherman's "Barrier Island Handbook" (1982) for
                 early drafts of Chapters Two, Three, Four, and Five were                     Figures 4 and 6 in Chapter One.
                 prepared by Peter Polshek. Ed LaRue and Sharon Dougherty,
                 TNC plover and tern stewards, drafted most of the site specific
                 narratives and maps in Chapter Seven. Karene Motivans also
                 prepared some site narratives and maps, in addition to compiling
                 most of the information in the appendices.

                 Amy Lester, of the New York Field Office of The Nature
                 Conservancy, and Tom Hart, of the Department of State's
                 Division of Coastal Resources and waterfront Revitalization, wrote
                 the final report. Format and layout of the final report were done
                 by Tom Hart. Final maps were prepared by Greg Capobianco
                 (DOS) and Tom Hart. Regional index maps were provided by
                 John Ozard of the Department of Environmental Conservation.

                 Many individuals helped proof -read site specific narratives; most
                 are acknowledged as "contacts" for "their" sites in Chapter Seven.







                LONG ISLAND'S BEACH- NESTING SHOREBIRD HABITAT:
                A Guide to Protection and Management of a Vulnerable Resource            4.0 Adverse Impacts on Beach-nesting Shorebirds     ........  22
                                                                                                 4.1 Coastal Land Development
                Acknowledgements      ................................           i               4.2 Recreational Uses
                Table of Contents   ................................             ii              4.3 Dredging Operations
                                                                                                 4.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation
                Introduction  ......................................             1               4.5 Vegetation Succession
                                                                                                 4.6 Flooding
                1.0 Coastal Processes  ...........    *'*'*''****'*'****'*       4
                        1.1 Glacial History and Geology                                  5.0 Reducing Adverse Impacts      ......................      25
                        1.2 Climate and Weather                                                  5.1 Coastal Land Development
                        1.3 Waves and Currents                                                   5.2 Recreational Use
                        1.4 Spit Formation                                                       5.3 Dredging Operations
                        1.5 Development of Salt Marshes and Coastal Salt Ponds                   5.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation
                        1.6 Dune Growth and Stabilization                                        5.5 Vegetation Succession
                        1.7 Formation of Barrier Islands                                         5.6 Flooding
                        1.8 Migration of Dunes and Barrier Islands
                        1.9 Adverse Impacts of Shoreline Structures                      6.0 Existing Responsibilities for Resource Management         33
                                                                                                 6.1 Federal Agencies
                2.0 Habitat Descriptions and Functions   ................      10                6.2 State Agencies
                        2.1 Maritime Sand Beaches and Dunes                                      6.3 County Agencies
                        2.2 Salt Marshes and Salt Marsh Islands                                  6.4 City, Town, and Village
                        2.3 Dredge Material Deposition Sites
                        2.4 Intertidal Beaches and Mudflats                              7.0 Site Narratives and Maps   ........................       39
                        2.5 Subtidal Marine Deep Waters                                          Queens and Nassau Counties    ...................     43
                        2.6 Subtidal Estuarine Deep Waters/Tidal Rivers                          Babylon, Islip, Huntington, Smithtown   ...........   83
                        2.7 Coastal Salt Ponds                                                   Brookhaven and Riverhead    ...................      109
                        2.8 Freshwater Ponds                                                     Southampton    .............................         127
                                                                                                 East Hampton  ......                                 161
                3.0 Species Biology  ...............................           14                Shelter Island and Southold ...................      179
                        3.1 Species Distribution and Population Status
                        3.2 Species Descriptions                                         8.0 Appendices    .................................          205
                        3.3 Arrival on Long Island                                               8.1 Species Referenced by Common Name
                        3.4 Nesting                                                              8.2 Public Agencies
                        3.5 Care and Feeding of Chicks                                           8.3 Private Organizations
                        3.6 Responses of Adults to Disturbance                                   8.4 References
                        3.7 Foraging Habitats and Strategies
                        3.8 Migration and Winter Habitat Ranges



                                                                                     ii








                   INTRODUCTION                                                                   document to develop economic justifications for the conservation
                                                                                                  and management of Long Island's coastal habitats and species; it
                   Despite the explosion of human population growth on Long Island                is based on the premise that these resources are of immeasurable
                   since World War 11, this 120 mile long and 25 mile wide island,                value and must be protected.
                   with a 1989 population of seven million, continues to make major
                   contributions to the natural diversity of New York State and the               Purpose
                   northeastern United States.         Astonishing gems of natural
                   communities, such as Nassau County's 18 acre remnant of the                    The purpose of this document is to focus on protection of a
                   Hempstead Plains grassland and Suffolk County's extensive dwarf                particular aspect of Long Island's coastal ecosystem, that of
                   pine barrens, have survived the onslaughts of commercial and                   essential habitat for four species of endangered and threatened
                   residential development. Long Island is a stronghold for the rare              beach-nesting birds: Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus), Least
                   sandplain gerardia (Agalinis acuta), a diminutive annual plant                 Terns (Sterna antillarum), Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii), and
                   whose purplish-pink blossoms open for only a few hours before                  Common Terns (Sterna hirundo). These species require access to
                   wilting and falling from their stems.        But perhaps the most              and use of several coastal habitats for breeding and raising young.
                   remarkable, and resilient, of Long Island's natural resources is its           Their use of these areas is seasonal, and they can tolerate varying
                   1,475-mile shoreline, which includes long, finger-like barrier                 levels of concurrent human use throughout the breeding season.
                   islands with extensive beach and dune systems, large and small                 Protection of habitats critical to the continued survival of these
                   estuaries where fresh water meets salt water, protected bays with              birds does not mean the permanent exclusion of humans from
                   tidal salt marshes and submerged eelgrass meadows, and                         these areas; it will, however, require education and cooperation of
                   freshwater and saltwater coastal ponds.                                        users and regulators to ensure that human activities occur in a
                                                                                                  manner compatible with protection of significant habitats and
                   This coastal ecosystem provides the resource base for many                     species.
                   industries: commercial fisheries, recreation, harbors and ports, and
                   second-home development. Ironically, the very resources that                   Under provisions of NYS's Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal
                   support and provide opportunities for this economic growth and                 Resources Act, Executive Law (Article 42), the Coastal
                   human prosperity are threatened with severe degradation,                       Management Program of the NYS Department of State's (DOS)
                   including extirpation of species and natural habitats, by such                 Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization has
                   development. Economists and analysts have created complex                      worked with the Department of Environmental Conservation's
                   formulas for determining "dollars and cents" values of growth and              (DEC) Significant Habitats Unit to identify, describe, and map
                   development to local municipalities, business and industry, and the            "significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats" on Long Island.
                   general public. It has proven to be a far more difficult and,                  Although many designated significant habitats are not areas used
                   perhaps, impossible task to figure out "dollars and cents" values of           by beach-nesting birds, more than half of the designated sites on
                   a natural tidal salt marsh, an undisturbed sandy beach, and a wild             Long Island are based on their use by plovers and terns. Some
                   Piping Plover. Yet, unquestionably, the existence of high quality              sites addressed in this report were not among the initial set of sites
                   examples of these natural resources does have value to humans,                 designated by DOS as significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats,
                   both economically and spiritually. It is not the purpose of this               usually because of lack of confirmed reports of use by plovers and




                                                                                                                                                               PAGE I








                terns at the time the designations were proposed and finalized.             Chapter Seven comprises the substance of this report. Over 140
                This repori tr, @ [email protected] these sites as no less "significant" than designated sites used for nesting by plovers and/or terns are each described
                sites, and provides data to justify designation in the future.              and mapped in a standard format and includes a summary of
                                                                                            information on current and historical use, condition of habitat,
                This report is a"i, -d to serve as an ecological primer for                 and threats to the habitat. Although federal, state regulators and
                citizens, conservation oiL,..@dzations, local legislators, municipal        local planning and zoning boards are usually aware of the
                officials, zoning boards, and other interested individuals and              ecological significance of many of these sites, they often do not
                organizations. It focuses on protection of habitats essential to            have first-hand knowledge or detailed enough information at their
                survival of Piping Plovers and Least, Roseate, and Common Terns.            fingertips about a particular site to make an informed decision on
                While it is not intended to be a complete treatise about the birds          an activity requiring a state permit.        These "site specific"
                and their habitats, this report attempts a comprehensive overview,          narratives may help them make more informed decisions.
                summarizing critical information about the birds, their habitat
                requirements, and the natural and human forces that influence the           Data from a variety of sources were used to complete the site
                character and quality of their habitats.                                    specific narratives and maps. Most of the information on numbers
                                                                                            of nesting birds comes from the Seatuck Research Program's
                Structure                                                                   annual Long Island Piping Plover and Colonial Waterbird Surveys.
                                                                                            Most of the information on land ownership and threats to the
                Chapters One through Seven are generic in nature. Chapter One               habitats was compiled by staff of the Long Island and South Fork
                provides basic information on the coastal processes that formed             - Shelter Island Chapters of The Nature Conservancy. Biologists
                Long Island's barrier beaches, bays, and salt marshes. Chapter              of DEC's Region I office in Stony Brook, staff and volunteers of
                Two describes nesting and foraging habitats that plovers and terns          the National Audubon Society and local Audubon chapters, and
                depend on for survival and reproduction on Long Island. Chapter             several town employees also contributed significantly to the site
                Three presents relevant life history information on the four bird           specific narratives.
                species of concern. Chapter Four addresses threats, both natural
                and human-caused, that degrade and destroy vital habitats,                  This report closes with Appendices that provide contact lists of
                thereby reducing the birds' chances for a successful breeding               people, organizations, and agencies involved in protection of Long
                season and causing another incremental loss to their already                Island's coastal habitats, as well as other resource and technical
                reduced populations. Chapter Five suggests ways to reduce or                information.
                eliminate most human-caused adverse impacts on plover and tern
                habitats, thereby contributing to the chances of their successful
                reproduction and, eventually, recovery and stabilization of their
                East Coast populations. Chapter Six describes, in a general way,
                most of the federal, state, and local regulatory and management
                agencies having some jurisdiction over the four bird species
                themselves or Long Island's coastal areas that comprise their
                habitats.





                PAGE 2








                    1.0 COASTAL PROCESSES: Understanding the underlying                           air masses and warm, moist, tropical air masses, producing
                    forces that create shorebird nesting habitat.                                 seasonal extremes in temperature. The coast is besieged by
                                                                                                  summer thunderstorms, late summer and early autumn hurricanes,
                    Information in this section was taken primarily from William T.               and winter blizzards. Winter storms are typically the most severe
                    Fox's At the Sea's Edge (1983).                                               because the contrast between arctic and tropical air masses is at its
                                                                                                  greatest.
                    1.1 Glacial History and Geology
                                                                                                  1.3 Waves and Currents
                    Long Island marks the southernmost boundary of the ice sheet of
                    the last glacial period, which ended 15,000 - 20,000 years ago.               As they blow across the surface of the ocean, winds generated by
                    When southward movement of the glacier stopped and ice began                  the meeting of warm and cold air masses create waves. Wave size
                    to melt, sediments carried within and on top of it were deposited             is determined by the speed and duration of wind and the distance
                    as a glacial moraine, forming the north shore of Long Island.                 of water over which the wind has travelled. Wave height is
                    Melt-water streams carried sand and silt southward from the                   defined as the vertical distance from the top of the crest to the
                    moraine, forming the south shore of Long Island, an outwash                   bottom of the trough (see Figure 1). Generally, the higher the
                    plain. Once glacial action was complete, coastal processes began              wind speed, longer the wind duration, and greater the distance
                    to act upon the shoreline.                                                    over water the wind has travelled, the higher the waves. When
                                                                                                  waves leave the area of an ocean storm where they were generated,
                    1.2 Climate and Weather                                                       they become swells. As swells move away from the storm, wave
                                                                                                  heights gradually decrease, forming a succession of waves of about
                    Climate is a major factor in determining whether sediments are                the same height and period. (Period of a wave is the amount of
                    eroded or deposited on a particular coast. Long Island is under the           time, usually measured in seconds, required for a complete wave
                    influence of the climate of North America's continental interior.             to pass a stationary point). Most waves reaching the coast are
                    This is characterized by repeated interactions of cold, dry, arctic           products of ocean storms.

                                                                                                                     While in deep waters, waves are unaffected by
                                                                                                                     the ocean bottom. When waves enter shallower
                                                             L - Wave length                                         waters, however, they are modified and
                             Crest                                                                  Crest            distorted by the bottom. At the point where the
                                                                                             0._-0507@               depth of the water is one-half the wave length
                                                               H = Height                          A                 (the distance between two wave crests), friction
                                                                                                                     causes the bottom of the wave to slow down, but
                                                                  I                                                  the surface of the wave continues at the same
                                                                Trough                                               speed. This causes a decrease in wave length
                                                                                                                     and an increase in wave height, eventually
                    IFigure 1: Symmetrical Profile of a wave in deep water.                                          resulting in a breaking wave (see Figure 2).


                                                                                                                                                              PAGE 3








                  Shallow-water wave processes are the primary
                  factors in formation of beaches and barrier                rk      Lo                  L,                             LS          L4
                  islands.    Waves may "break" on a beach,
                                                                                                                                    4".    6;
                  spreading their energy up over the sand or be                                                                                             tiALLOW
                  "reflected" by a steep shore or bulkhead, sending      t                                d,                                               s
                                                                         U1           do
                  a portion of their energy back into the ocean.         a                                       1t4TEFtMED1A'rF

                  Steep, breaking waves from an ocean storm stir             DEEP
                  up bottom sediments and cause shoreline               I                                                                                               I
                  erosion. Gentler, low-profile waves can wash          Figure 2: When a shoaling wave moves from deep water (do) Into shallower water (dl), wave length (L) decreases
                  sands back on to the shore, gradually rebuilding      and wave height first decreases, then Increases as the wave breaks.
                  the beach. When incoming waves are reflected                                   bar, creating a shallow trough just beyond the low tide level
                  by a sea wall, an outgoing wave of the same period is formed.                  (which can surprise beach waders with a sudden plunge into deep
                  When outgoing waves meet incoming waves, an offshore "standing"                waters). Storm waves typically generate stronger long-shore
                  wave pattern is established. The larger and heavier suspended                  currents than do swells. Long-shore currents can also carry
                  sand particles drop to the bottom, forming underwater off -shore               substantial sediment loads, contributing to the littoral drift. Long
                  bars.                                                                          Island's long-shore currents generally travel from northeast to
                                                                                                 southwest along the Atlantic Ocean coast, but also vary under local
                  Swash and Backwash                                                             conditions and prevailing seasonal winds.

                  As a wave breaks at an angle to the shore, as most waves do, a                 1.4 Spit Formation
                  sheet of water carrying suspended sediments rushes obliquely up
                  the beach. This action is called "swash." As the wave's energy                 Where a bay or curved shoreline meets an otherwise straight
                  dissipates, suspended particles are deposited on the beach, and                section of shoreline, waves, long-shore currents, and swash and
                  gravity and the contour of the beach cause the water to flow back              backwash all contribute to formation of a "spit." Sediments are
                  to the ocean directly, at right angles to the shoreline. This action           carried in the direction of the waves and long-shore currents and
                  is called "backwash." The constant, repetitive swash and backwash              are deposited at the "end" of the straight shoreline, where the
                  process redistributes an enormous amount of sand and other                     shoreline turns landward at the edge of the bay. Initially, the spit
                  particles along the length of a shoreline. This directional transport          develops underwater. If it weren't for changing water elevations,
                  of sand induced by wave action is known as littoral drift.                     the sand spit would never rise above the water's surface. In the
                                                                                                 presence of tides, however, the spit may become exposed at low
                  Long-shore Currents                                                            tides. Breaking waves, swash and backwash deposit more sand,
                                                                                                 increasing the spit's elevation and underwater elongation. If the
                  Waves that break at an angle to the shore create currents that flow            process continues, the spit may be exposed at high tides, resulting
                  parallel to the shore. These "long-shore" currents may travel                  in the emergence of new land (see Figure 3).
                  between off-shore bars or between the beach and        an off -shore





                  PAGE 4







                                                                                                                                            1.5 Development of Salt Marshes and Coastal Salt Ponds
                                                 waves
                                ... .311.1                                                                                                  Waters landward of the growing spit become protected from
                                                                                                                                            breaking waves and currents, and these quieter waters drop their
                                       s
                                        pit                                                                                                 finer suspended sediments in the bay. Additional organic matter
                                        pit
                                                                                                                                            and sediments are deposited by rivers, creeks, and upland areas
                                                                                                                                            and the bay becomes shallower and warmer. In the most protected
                                                                                                                                            areas, rooted aquatic vegetation takes hold, trapping even more
                                                                                                                                            sediments and providing habitat for other plants and for marine
                                                                                                                                            microorganisms and invertebrates, which form the basis for a
                   A.                                                                                                                       complex food web that eventually supports large predatory fish,
                                  -,,/Iongshore current                                                                                     fish-eating birds, and even humans. Tidal salt marshes develop,
                                                                                                                                            ranging from mudflats with sparse emergent vegetation exposed
                                                                                                                                            only rarely, even at low tide, to thickly vegetated high marshes
                                                                                                                                            occurring between mean high and the limit of spring tides.
                                                            Mv-'            JZ
                                                                        marsh and                                                           Coastal salt ponds form when a growing spit reaches the opposite
                                                                        tidal flats                                                         shore or the inlet to the bay closes, sealing off the bay from the
                                                            .............                                                                   ocean and forming a lagoon. In some cases, salinity of a salt pond
                                                                                                                                            exceeds that of the ocean because evaporation of water from its
                                                                                                                                            surface concentrates the remaining salts.

                                                                                                                                            1.6 Dune Growth and Stabilization

                                                                                                                                            When land emerges f rom the ocean and sediments remain exposed
                                                                   inlet
                                                                                  f@)/barrier island
                                                                                                                                            at high tides, wind begins to influence the growth of dunes.
                                         TZ kwo  '@A SL'                                                                                    Anything that will trap sand particles - a piece of driftwood, large
                                                  tA
                                                                                                         4101'                              seashell, or vegetation - will cause the wind to deposit sand, and
                                                                                        J                                                   a dune will form. As a dune grows higher, its resistance to wind

                                                                                                                 fit
                                                                                                                            J/              increases, resulting in more sand being deposited on its crest or
                                                                                                                                            filling in its leeward side. Seaweed deposited by waves and tides
                                                                                                                                            adds nutrients and organic matter to the otherwise sterile sand,
                                                                                                                                            increasing its ability to retain moisture and nourish plant life.
                   C.                                                                                                                       Rooted vegetation, such as American beachgrass (Ammophila
                          Fkjure 3- Barrier Island formation. (A) Spit grows from point of land; (B) spit extends along                     breviligulata), is the most effective sand-trap. As beachgrass
                          the coast; (C) breach forms tidal Inlet and barrier island.                                                       colonizes the dunes, a more stable environment develops, allowing



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    PAGE 5








               other plants to move in, including the nitrogen-fixing beach-pea
               (Lathyrus japonica), further increasing soil nutrients that are
               available ioi- f_b,i %:pecies.                                                                           Z.
                                                                                                                        u.


               1.7 Fora@iitioi,  '--rrier Islands


               Several theories have been introduced to explain how barrier
               islands develop. It is now generally accepted that more than on
                                                                                e
               factor is usually involved, and no single theory can explain the
               origin of all barrier islands. Long Island's Fire Island probably
               began as a spit growing southwestward from Southampton,
               roughly parallel to the shoreline (which extended about one mile
               seaward of its present location) about 4000 years ago. The
               southwesterly flowing long-shore current carried highly erodible
               sediments from the shoreline between Southampton and Montauk
               and deposited them on this newly created spit, which grew about
               80 feet per year (Amos and Amos 1985). Over the past 3000+
               years, the sand spit grew to be about 50 miles long, although its
               width probably never exceeded 1000 feet. In more recent times,
               storm waves or high tides overwashed and eventually breached the
               spit in two places (now known as the inlets to Great South and
               Moriches Bays), and Fire Island was created (see Figure 3).

               The islands west of Fire Island may have developed somewhat
               differently. One theory suggests that these islands originally
               formed as dunes and ridges on beaches over 4000 years ago when
               sea level was significantly lower than its current level. As the
               glacier melted, sea level rose, eventually submerging lower
               portions of the beach "behind" the ridges and leaving the ridges
               exposed as barrier islands (see Figure 4).                              lFigure 4: Aftemative theory of barrier island formation by drowning of a
               1.8 Migration of Dunes and Barrier Islands                              mainland beach/dune ridge.

               Dunes and barrier islands can either erode   and dissipate or be
               moved landward, particle by particle, by the combined forces of
               wind and water. Landward movement of a barrier island is called





               PAGE 6








                  11migration" or "barrier island retreat." It occurs in a variety of            diminishing beach and dune, depositing it farther downdrift.
                  ways, but is generally a slow process, requiring years to show
                  obvious movement.        This makes it a particularly difficult                When a strong storm system builds up, ocean water is actually
                  phenomenon for developers and owners of beach-front homes to                   "piled up" against the shoreline, pushed by winds and tides. This
                  appreciate and anticipate.                                                     build-up of water allows large waves to overwash a dune,
                                                                                                 spreading sand in an "overwash fan" behind it. Overwash may
                  Dunes migrate when they lose their stabilizing elements, usually               move sand to the leeward side of the dune, or in a marsh or bay
                  vegetation, to storm surges, off-road vehicles, or bulldozers. The             behind the dune. As the seaward side of the dune erodes, the
                  wind creates "blow-outs," moving sand farther back on the shore,               leeward side gains sand, resulting in a net landward movement of
                  perhaps to form another dune or settle in a marsh or lagoon behind             the dune or the creation of a second dune behind the first dune.
                  the barrier beach. As the fore-dune is reduced in size by wind, it
                  becomes more susceptible to erosion by waves.             Swash and            Barrier island retreat is similar to dune migration, but major
                  backwash and long-shore currents carry sand away from the                      movement may be more influenced by the continuous gradual rise
                                                                                                                        in sea level than by discrete storm surges,
                                                                                                                        and therefore is even less apparent to the
                                                                                                                        casual observer. Today, sea level continues
                                                                                                                        to rise, although at a slower pace than has
                                                                                                                        occurred for the first 10,000 years of glacial
                                                                                                                        melting and retreat.        As waves reach
                                                                                                                        incrementally higher levels on beaches and
                                                                                                                        dunes, water levels in bays and lagoons
                                                Overwash
                                                                                                                        behind barrier islands and beaches also rise
                                                low                                                                     and gradually inundate mainland coastal
                                                                                                                        areas. Winds, waves, overwash surges, and
                                                                                    dal
                                                                             Flood
                                                                                                                        inlets move sand from the seaward edge of
                                                                               Delf
                                                                                                                        barrier islands to the landward side, filling
                                                                      Dune Migration                                    lagoons and creating salt marshes, which
                                                                                                                        are, in turn, filled with more sand and may
                                                                                                                        eventually emerge as dry land (see Figure
                                                           0      .:i                                                   5). New land would extend the bayside
                                                                                                                        shoreline of the barrier island landward,
                                                                                                                        and taken in combination with the erosion
                                                                                                                        of sand from the ocean side of the barrier
                                                                                                                        island, can result in a net landward
                                                                                                                        movement of the entire barrier island. In
                  -Figure 5: Mechanismsfor landward sediment transfer.                                                  the absence of barrier island retreat, the



                                                                                                                                                             PAGE 7







                                                  &0in                                         environment. In addition to protecting homes that are vulnerable
                            OCEAN                                Net Littoral Drift            to storms and shoreline erosion, larger scale structures have been
                                                                                               built in an effort to maintain inlet channels through the barrier
                                         -7                                                    islands for boating or to enhance the stability and size of the
                              ...........
                                           Erosion                                             barrier island in an effort to reduce the potential for hurricane-
                                                                                               induced damage of the mainland.
                            BEACH
                                                                                               Although structural approaches have been well-intentioned,
                  Figure 6: An overhead schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a groin on a beach. alteration of the shoreline by construction of bulkheads, groins
                  erosive effect of higher sea level may attack both sides of the              and jetties has had unexpected and dramatic adverse impacts on
                  barrier island, reducing the width of the island and making it               erosion and deposition. Waves and long-shore currents erode sand
                  vulnerable to breaching and new inlet formation by storms.                   from the updrift side of a groin and deposit it in a scalloped
                                                                                               pattern on the groin's down-drift side (see Figure 6). Gains
                  Either landward migration or net erosion of barrier islands and              realized on one side of a groin often appear to be lost in an
                  dunes is inevitable as long as sea level continues to rise. Whether          adjacent area. In fact, the result may be a net loss of shoreline
                  erosion or migration is rapid, due to occasional storm surges and            material since groins block the long-shore movement of sand,
                  overwash, or very gradual, due to a rising sea level, is less                diverting the natural source of sediments that keep beaches
                  important than an appreciation of the underlying instability of              nourished with a constant supply of sand. This is dramatically
                  barrier beaches and other exposed sandy shorelines.                          apparent at Westhampton Beach, where groins were constructed in
                                                                                               the mid- 1960's as part of an enormous effort to fortify the barrier
                  1.9 Adverse Impacts of Shoreline Structures                                  island against hurricanes. Twenty years after their construction,
                                                                                               the barrier beach immediately west of the westernmost groin has
                  A variety of structural approaches have been used in an attempt              been significantly eroded with the unfortunate consequence of
                  to counteract the underlying instability of barrier islands and other        having houses either falling into the ocean or precariously standing
                  sandy shorelines. Most of these efforts can be classified as "shore-         25 feet in the air on skewed pilings that had once been
                  hardening structures" such as groins, bulkheads, rubble mound                underground.
                  revetments and breakwaters. These engineering solutions to an
                  unstable shoreline share the common goal of holding the shoreline            Dredged inlets that have been stabilized with large jetties also
                  in place.    Groins are shore-perpendicular jetties which are                have had severe adverse impacts on barrier beaches. The barrier
                  designed to hold the shoreline in place by trapping sand that is             beach west of Shinnecock inlet provided a good example of
                  transported by wave action in littoral drift.             Bulkheads,         erosion induced by the effects of an inlet. Not only do the jetties
                  revetments, and breakwaters attempt to hold shorelines in place by           have the beneficial effect of reducing the amount of sedimentation
                  reducing the effect of waves on the shoreline.                               in the inlet channel but they also induce starvation of the adjacent
                                                                                               beach by removing sand from the littoral system and depositing it
                  Structural approaches are usually employed to protect stationary             in deltas in the ocean and in the bay at either end of the inlet.
                  development that has been placed in this inherently unstable




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                  The fact that many efforts made to stabilize the shoreline appear            from unstable, unvegetated, low profile dunes to those that are
                  to also result in an equal or greater destabilization elsewhere              high, vegetated, and stable. The sand beach/dune system is
                  underscores the dynamic nature of these shorelines. Even without             constantly being modified by the erosive forces of wind and water.
                  structural alteration, these shorelines are extremely unstable,              Vegetation is present at landward edges of beaches and is
                  existing in a state of constant flux with the effects of wind, waves,        characteristic of most dune systems. Typical plant species present
                  and tides. It is important to recall that these are the very forces          on maritime beaches and foredunes include beachgrass, seaside
                  which create barrier beaches. Similarly, the shorebird habitats              goldenrod (Solidago sempervirens), beach-pea, sea-rocket (Cakile
                  that these environments provide are also dynamic, and even more              edentula), and dusty-miller (Artemisia stellariana).
                  susceptible to change by these forces.                                       Exposed, unvegetated areas within this system are the only natural
                  2.0 HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS AND FUNCTIONS: Ecological                           habitat used for nesting by Piping Plovers and Least Terns and are
                  values of different parts of the coastal environment to shorebirds.          the primary nesting habitats for Common Tern.

                  Habitats included within the Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife           Because this habitat is above the mean high tide level, it is not
                  Habitat designations provide both nesting and foraging areas for             subject to daily tidal flooding.       Severe winter storms and
                  the four species of birds that are the concern of this management            hurricanes can combine with high tides to overwash these areas at
                  plan. This section first addresses nesting habitats (2.1 - 2.3) and          certain times of year, but wind is the primary natural force
                  then discusses foraging habitats (2.4 - 2.8). Protection of high-            changing this habitat on a day-to-day basis. Nesting birds can be
                  quality nesting and foraging areas is extremely important to the             threatened and disturbed by occasional high water and flooding,
                  continued survival of Long Island's populations of terns and                 but people, who use these areas for sunbathing, picnicking,
                  plovers. The following descriptions are adapted from the New                 walking, driving recreational vehicles, and staging areas for
                  York Natural Heritage Program's (NYNHP) community                            commercial fishing, are the major source of disturbance to adults
                  classification (Reschke 1987). For purposes of this plan, NYNHPs             and chicks.
                  natural communities are sometimes combined based on their
                  functional similarities in use by birds.                                     2.2 Salt Marshes and Salt Marsh Islands (NYNHP: salt marsh)

                  2.1 Maritime Sand Beaches and Dunes (NYNHP: maritime sand                    Salt marshes and salt marsh islands occur along the edges or within
                  beach and maritime dunes)                                                    most of the large and small bays of Long Island. A salt marsh is
                                                                                               usually subject to tidal flooding twice a day - not a good place for
                  Beaches and dunes are present along much of Long Island's ocean              a beach-nesting bird to lay its eggs. Around the edges of, and
                  and bay coastlines, and occur above the mean high tide level.                sometimes within salt marshes, however, there are often slightly
                  They are composed of sand or sand/cobble beaches that can be                 elevated areas above mean high tide level. These may be open,
                  greater than 450 feet wide. Vegetation on the beach is sparse, and           sandy areas but are more frequently vegetated with salt-
                  the structure and form of the beach itself can be transformed                meadowgrass (Spartina patens), beachgrass, and associated
                  overnight by storm waves and wind. Most of these beaches are                 herbaceous species.
                  backed by sand dunes. Dune systems vary in structure, ranging




                                                                                                                                                           PAGE 9







                In the past several years, perhaps because of loss of suitable beach            One potential advantage of a dredge disposal island for nesting
                habitat, Common Terns have begun nesting in salt marshes and on                 birds is the lack of terrestrial predators (because it is newly
                salt marsh I . , _     They often form linear colonies along the                created land). Size of the island, however, is related to its
                wrack line deposited by winter storms at these sites.                           suitability for nesting terns and plovers; islands over 20 acres are
                                                                                                more likely to support predators year-round, and become
                The major threats to nesting terns in these areas         comes from            unsuitable for nesting plovers and terns unless predator control
                unexpected high tides or spring storms that flood even the elevated             programs are undertaken.
                sites, and predators, which may use the vegetation to conceal their
                approaches to nesting adults, eggs, and chicks.                                 2.4 Intertidal Beaches and Mudflats (NYNHP: marine Intertidal
                2.3 Dredge Material Deposition Sites: mainland and islands                      gravel/sand beach and marine intertidal mudflats)
                (NYNHP: marine dredge spoil shore)                                              This is the primary foraging area for Piping Plover adults and
                                                                                                chicks. It occurs between the highest and lowest tide levels, and
                This artificial habitat consists of subtidal sediments deposited on             because of its dynamic nature and constantly moving substrate, is
                existing coastal landforms or used to create new dry land. Such                 generally not vegetated. Tidal flooding twice a day delivers food
                sediments are usually by-products of dredging operations                        for resident amphipods, insect larvae, and marine worms, which
                associated with boat channels and harbors. Characteristics of the               form the basis of the plovers' diets. Tides also deposit seaweed
                deposited sediments determine suitability of these lands for                    which teems with invertebrate life. Sand and gravel beaches
                nesting Piping Plovers and Least, Common, and Roseate Terns.                    typically occur in the high-energy waters of the ocean and are
                Optimal sediments consist of a high proportion of sand, shell                   well-drained at low tide. Mudflats form in areas of quieter tidal
                fragments, and pebble/cobble and a low proportion of organic                    waters within bays, with substrates composed of fine particles rich
                material, clay, and silt.                                                       in organic matter and poorly drained at low tide.

                Dredge disposal sites frequently have more rapid rates of                       Since plover chicks feed themselves from their time of hatching,
                vegetation succession than do natural beaches and dunes. Piping                 but do not develop the ability to fly for at least another 4 weeks,
                Plovers, Least Terns, and Common Terns may use recently                         suitable foraging habitat must be located immediately adjacent to
                created, suitable unvegetated dredge disposal sites for nesting.                suitable nesting habitat for Piping Plovers. Newly hatched chicks
                Roseate Terns may nest in older, more vegetated sections of these               must be able to walk to foraging areas when the tide is low or
                areas, which are also used occasionally by Common Terns. Factors                receding, and walk back to the safety of their former nesting areas
                which limit vegetation on natural beaches are usually unable to                 when darkness falls or during high tides and bad weather.
                prevent vegetative succession on dredge disposal sites because of
                higher elevations, stabler sediments, and generally more protected              The major threat to Piping Plovers in their foraging areas comes
                locations. Without deposition of new material or scraping by                    from human disturbance, particularly vehicles driving on the firm,
                bulldozers, the ability of dredge materials to support beach-                   wet sands exposed at low tides; these not only scare birds away,
                nesting birds is generally short-lived.                                         but cause direct mortality by running over unseen, cryptic chicks
                                                                                                crouched in the sand. Often these chicks have been observed





                PAGE 10









                    trapped in wheel ruts, waiting for the next vehicle to pass by and             2.7 Coastal Salt Ponds (NYNHP: coastal salt pond)
                    seal its fate.      Sunbathers, swimmers, and walkers often
                    unknowingly chase plovers away from their food and prevent                     This habitat consists of coastal lakes and ponds formed by sand
                    chicks from getting the energy they need to survive.                           barriers that close off a lagoon or small bay. Occasionally, the
                                                                                                   barrier beach is broken by wave action caused by a storm,
                    2.5 Subtidal Marine Deep Waters (NYNHP: marine deepwater                       increasing salinity of the pond. The barrier eventually reforms,
                    community and marine eelgrass meadow)                                          closing the site to the ocean. Many salt ponds have permanent
                                                                                                   inlets that may be natural or maintained by dredging.
                    This habitat includes all types of oceanic     open water below the            Characteristic vegetation includes dwarf spikerush (Eleocharis
                    lowest tide level without appreciable freshwater inflow. Salinities            parvulva), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), salt- meadowgrass,
                    remain relatively constant (at least 18.0 parts per thousand ocean-            common reedgrass (Phragmiles australis), and saltmarsh fleabane
                    derived salts) and substrates are constantly submerged. Much of                (Pulchea odorala). A variety of fish inhabit salt ponds and serve
                    the deeper substrates support no rooted vegetation, but eelgrass               as prey to foraging terns. These small, shallow ponds may be
                    (Zostera marina) meadows, occurring in quieter and shallower                   critical as "training" areas for fledged terns to practice foraging
                    waters, are highly productive and provide habitat for a variety of             techniques, because of their relatively calm surfaces.
                    marine organisms. In general, these waters support an assemblage
                    of fish species, such as sand lance (Ammodyles americanus) and                 2.8 Freshwater Ponds (NYNHP: subset of coastal plain pond)
                    pipefish (Sygnathus fuscus), that are the major food source for
                    terns and other coastal-nesting bird species.                                  These are permanently flooded, freshwater ponds occurring in
                                                                                                   Long Island's southern coastal plain within a mile of the saltwater
                    2.6 Subtidal Estuarine Deep Waters/Tidal Rivers (NYNHP: tidal                  shoreline. They are shallow and fed by groundwater, with
                    river)                                                                         annually and seasonally fluctuating water levels.             Although
                                                                                                   typically characterized by an abundance of aquatic vegetation,
                    Although Long Island has only four major rivers (Peconic,                      including slender spikerush (Eleocharis elliptica), water-shield
                    Nissequogue, Connetquot, and Carmens), there are hundreds of                   (Brasenia schreberi), white water-lily (Nymphaea odoratai), naiad
                    smaller creeks providing freshwater inflow to its coastal waters.              (Najas spp.), waterweed (Elodea spp.), and pondweed
                    This particular habitat occurs where waters are generally over six             (Polamogeton spp.), these freshwater ponds are significant
                    feet deep at low tide and where fresh water meets salt water, with             foraging sites for terns. Several species of small fish provide food
                    resulting salinities ranging from 0.5 to 18.0 parts per thousand salt.         for Least Terns, particularly early in the breeding season. Like
                    These are areas of low diversity and little to no rooted vegetation,           the coastal salt ponds, the relatively calm surfaces of these small
                    but this habitat supports many fish species that are prey for terns.           ponds may make them critical to young terns as habitats to perfect
                                                                                                   their foraging techniques before undertaking their lengthy
                                                                                                   migrations to wintering grounds.








                                                                                                                                                                PAGE I I








                 3.0 SPECIES BIOLOGY: An introduction to four beach-nesting                       Young of these species are all highly mobile within days of
                 shorebirds                                                                       hatching and move about widely in the vicinity of a colony or nest
                                                                                                  site.   Re-nesting occurs if an initial nest is destroyed, but
                 Piping Plovers, Least Terns, Roseate Terns, and Common Terns                     probabilities of survival of second-nest eggs and chicks are low,
                 are the species of beach-nesting birds considered in this                        possibly due to intensive recreational use of beaches by mid-
                 management plan. All were nearly extirpated on Long Island and                   summer.
                 along the Atlantic coast during the latter part of the nineteenth
                 and early part of the twentieth centuries as a result of intense,                Reproductive success of these species in a setting undisturbed by
                 uncontrolled exploitation by plume hunters who supplied the                      humans depends on meteorological conditions, food abundance,
                 thriving millinery industry with feathers.             Passage of the            and incidence of predation. These factors vary within and
                 Migratory Bird Act in 1918 banned hunting these species and                      between breeding seasons, and species have evolved strategies that
                 allowed breeding populations to recover.                                         have allowed them to survive for thousands of years. Adult Piping
                                                                                                  Plovers lure potential predators away from nests and chicks with
                 Although populations have fluctuated somewhat, until the 1960's                  an elaborate "broken wing" display, giving the appearance of an
                 the trend was generally upward. Since the 1960's, however,                       easy meal for a hungry fox or cat, only to fly away when the
                 populations have been declining, primarily because of the equally                danger to eggs and young is gone. Terns nest in colonies and
                 destructive processes of habitat loss and human disturbance.                     mount mob attacks against day-time intruders and predators.
                 Several aspects of reproductive biology common to all four species               Well-camouflaged chicks crouch motionlessly when threatened.
                 make them particularly vulnerable to disturbance at particular                   All of these behaviors work well with non-human predators, but
                 times of the breeding season. At other times, they can tolerate a                unaware beach users find dive-bombing terns annoying, not
                 degree of human activity without suffering negative impacts. This                realizing they are sunbathing in the center of a tern colony.
                 chapter summarizes the habitat requirements of these birds while                 People are intrigued and worried about the "injured" plover, and
                 they are on Long Island's beaches, generally from late March to                  continue to trail it, even after it has demonstrated its ability to fly.
                 early September.                                                                 And invisible, motionless chicks are easily and inadvertantly killed
                                                                                                  by drivers of ORVs and dune buggies. Reduction of habitat and
                 Plovers and terns have several habits in common. All are ground-                 increase in human disturbance have taxed the abilities of these
                 nesters who lay eggs on open, sandy beaches, dredged materials,                  birds to maintain minimum viable populations.
                 rocky shores, or elevated areas within salt marshes, making eggs
                 and nestlings particularly vulnerable to a wide range of predators.              3.1 Species Distribution and Population Status
                 Nests may be only bare scrapes in the sand, and eggs are naturally
                 camouflaged to make them less obvious to predators, but also                     Piping Plovers
                 rendering them extremely susceptible to unintentional destruction
                 by off-road vehicles (ORVs) and crowds of recreational beach-                    Piping Plovers occur only in the western hemisphere, and three
                 users on Memorial Day and Fourth of July weekends. Intentional                   separate populations are recognized. Long Island birds belong to
                 or inadvertent disturbance causes adults to leave their nests,                   the Atlantic coast population, which breeds along bays and the
                 exposing eggs and young to temperature extremes and predators.                   ocean from South Carolina to Newfoundland. This population is




                 PAGE 12









                    listed as "threatened" by the US Fish and Wildlife Service                  Roseate Terns
                    (USFWS); in 1987, approximately 575 pairs existed in the US, with
                    an estimated 240 pairs in Canada. About 190 pairs nested in New             Roseate Terns occur throughout the world, in tropical and
                    York State, all on Long Island in 1989; the NY Department of                temperate climates. The North American population breeds in the
                    Environmental Conservation (DEC) lists the Piping Plover as                 Florida Keys and along the Atlantic coast, between and including
                    "endangered" in NYS. Current plover numbers for Long Island                 Long Island and Cape Cod. USFWS and NYS DEC list Roseate
                    reflect a 73% decline from Wilcox's 1959 estimate of 500 pairs.             Terns as "endangered." The North American population has
                                                                                                declined 70% since the 1930's, and the Long Island population
                    The other two Piping Plover populations are the Northern Great              alone suffered a 66% decrease between 1974 and 1980 (Buckley
                    Plains population, which nests along sand and gravel shores of              and Buckley 1981). In 1989, approximately 1,300 pairs were
                    rivers and lakes of the region and is also listed as "threatened" by        reported in six Long Island area colonies with 91% of these
                    USFWS; and the Great Lakes population, which historically was               occurring at a single site: Great Gull Island (Downer and Liebelt
                    present on all five lakes' sand and gravel beaches, but is now              1990).
                    restricted to a very few sites on the upper lakes and is listed as
                    endangered" by USFWS.                                                       Common Terns

                    Least Terns                                                                 Common Terns occur throughout the northern hemisphere with
                                                                                                the exception of the North American Pacific coast. In North
                    Like the Piping Plover, Least Terns occur only in the western               America, they breed along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to
                    hemisphere, and three subspecies are recognized. The eastern                North Carolina, in the Great Lakes region and on northern lakes
                    subspecies, which includes all of Long Island's birds, nests on             and bays of central North America to the Arctic Ocean, along
                    sandy Atlantic Ocean beaches from Florida to Maine, along the               parts of the Gulf of Mexico coast, and on Caribbean Islands.
                    Gulf of Mexico coast from Florida to Mexico, and on the                     Common Terns are Long Island's most abundant tern species, but
                    Bahamian and Caribbean Islands. This subspecies is listed as                because of their vulnerability to habitat loss, human disturbance,
                    ;
                    threatened" by USFWS and "endangered" by NYS DEC. Long                      and predation, NYS DEC lists them as "threatened." The 1989
                    sland is their only nesting area in NYS, where about 3100 pairs             Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping Plover Survey reported
                    nested at 67 colonies in 1989 (Downer and Liebelt 1990).                    approximately 25,200 pairs at 34 colonies. Eighty-four percent
                                                                                                were found at only five sites: Great Gull Island, Cedar Beach
                    The California and interior Least Tern subspecies, which nests              Babylon, Jones Beach West End 1, Warner Islands, and East Inlet
                    along the Pacific coast from central California to Baja California          Island (Downer and Liebelt 1990).
                    and along shores of major rivers and their tributaries in the central
                    US respectively, are both listed as "endangered" by USFWS                   3.2 Species Descriptions
                    (USFWS 1970, 1984, 1985a).
                                                                                                Males and females of all four species are similar to each other in
                                                                                                size and plumage, making distinctions between the sexes difficult
                                                                                                to discern in the field. Plumage of juveniles is different from that




                                                                                                                                                          PAGE 13








                of adults, and adults generally have two seasonal plumages: a                 yellow bills, and yellowish legs. Unlike Piping Plovers, which
                linuptial" or breeding plumage and a winter plumage.                          form relatively solitary pairs, Least Terns are usually observed in
                                                                                              groups, either sitting on or near nests in the dunes, diving
                Piping Plovej,,                                                               gracefully for fish in large foraging flocks, or mobbing colony
                                                                                              intruders and predators. Least Terns have a wide variety of shrill,
                Piping Plovers are about seven inches long with a 15-inch                     rasping calls and vocalizations, particularly when "attacking"
                wingspan. When seen on Long Island, the birds are in breeding                 intruders.
                plumage with white underparts, light beige back and crown, white
                rump, and black upper tail with a white edge. Their most                      At least one wild Least Tern lived to be 17 years old; it was
                distinctive characteristic, which sets them apart from other                  banded as a juvenile on Fire Island in 1940 and recovered on Fire
                shorebirds on Long Island in the summertime, is a partial or                  Island in 1957 (Bull 1974). Most Least Terns breed as two-year-
                complete black breast and neck band and a black bar across the                olds, although a large proportion may not breed until they are
                brow. Their legs and bill are orange in the summer, with a black              three years old.
                tip on the bill. Piping Plovers are typically seen standing or
                running along the beach, feeding at the water's edge, or sitting,             Roseate Terns
                standing, or running in the dunes where they nest. Piping Plovers
                                                                                              Roseate Terns resemble Least Terns, with slim bodies, long narrow
                earn their common name by their high, two-toned, organ-like call.
                                                                                              wings, forked tails, and pointed bills. They are significantly larger
                Wilcox's 20-year Piping Plover study found that of 979 marked                 than Least Terns, with body lengths of about 15 inches and
                chicks, the average age of 47 adults retrapped in subsequent years            wingspans of 30 inches. Roseates, too, have black caps, white
                was 3.4 years. Since this figure does not account for first-year              underparts and tails, and gray backs, but they lack the white
                mortality, it may overestimate the average longevity of Piping                forehead of Least Terns and have longer, trailing tail feathers,
                Plovers. Wilcox estimated that 13% of females and 28% of males                reddish legs, and black bills with red bases. Their deep wingbeat
                lived to be at least five years old, and the oldest "known age" mate          is slower than that of Least or Common Terns, and they are seen
                and female were eleven years old. Piping Plovers usually breed as             far more rarely than these species.        The Roseate's voice is
                one-year-olds.                                                                distinctive: a prolonged, grating "kraak" for an alarm call, lower
                                                                                              and louder than other terns' calls, and a soft, musical two-syllable
                Least Terns                                                                   call on the breeding grounds (Bent 1921). On or near Long Island,
                                                                                              Roseates are invariably seen with Common Terns, sitting on or
                Least Terns are Long Island's smallest tern, with slender bodies,             near nests or hovering and diving for fish in foraging flocks.
                long narrow wings, forked tails, and pointed bills. Their bodies
                are about 8.5 inches long, and they have a wingspan of about 20               Longevity data on Roseate Terns reports recapture of adults at
                inches. Like their relatives, Common and Roseate Terns, they                  least seven years old, but the same study concluded that year-to-
                have black caps, white underparts and tails, and gray backs when              year survival of Roseate Terns is lower than that of many other
                in breeding plumage. Least Terns can be distinguished from their              marine birds (Spendelow and Nichols 1989). Roseate Terns do not
                counterparts by their smaller size, white foreheads, black-tipped             breed during their first year and only occasionally breed as two-




                PAGE 14









                  year-olds. First-year birds remain in wintering areas, and non-             Piping Plovers
                  breeding second-year birds disperse throughout the West Indies,
                  with some returning to North America. Three-year-old birds                  Adult plovers are the first of the four species to arrive on Long
                  generally return to breeding areas to nest.                                 Island, usually appearing between mid-March and mid-April (Bull
                                                                                              1974). Males set up and defend breeding territories against other
                  Common Terns                                                                males, while attracting mates with elaborate courtship displays,
                                                                                              including elliptical and figure-eight flights, vocalizations, and
                  Common Terns are very close to Roseate Terns in size, body build,           tossing shell fragments (Cairns 1982). Plovers frequently change
                  and plumage, although their tails are shorter, their wing tips are          mates between years, but rarely do so during the breeding season
                  darker, and their bills are bright reddish-orange, usually with             (Haig and Oring 1988). Unlike colonial terns, Piping Plovers are
                  varying amounts of black at the tip. Common Terns are generally             solitary nesters with breeding territories ranging in size from 0.1
                  seen on Long Island standing near or sitting on nests on dunes,             to 1.7 acres and distances between Piping Plover nests of 90 to 210
                  dredge materials, or salt marshes, or foraging in large, voracious          feet (Cairns 1982, Burger 1987).          Feeding territories are
                  flocks. Their call is a harsh, two-syllable "kee-urr."                      maintained and defended from other plovers throughout the
                                                                                              breeding season and are usually adjacent to breeding territories.
                  A Common Tern originally banded as a nestling at Moriches Bay               Adult male plovers tend to be faithful to previously used breeding
                  in 1939 was captured and released at Plymouth, Massachusetts, in            sites regardless of previous reproductive success (Haig and Oring
                  1953 - a 14-year old bird (Bull 1974). Like Roseate Terns,                  1988). One-year-old birds, breeding for the first time, do not
                  Common Terns typically do not breed until they are three years              typically return to their own birthplaces to nest (Wilcox 1959).
                  old.
                                                                                              Least Terns
                  3.3 Arrival on Long Island, Establishment of Territories, and
                  Courtship and Pair Formation                                                Least Terns arrive on Long Island in early May, often returning to
                                                                                              sites that have been used for several years (Burger 1984). From
                  Although their dates of arrival, courtship, and pair formation              1981 to 1987, the Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping
                  vary, this is the period when all four species are most sensitive to        Plover Survey has discovered less than ten new colony sites, while
                  disruption.   Almost any disturbance will cause the birds to                over the same period, approximately 25 colonies have suffered
                  abandon their sites, and assuming the birds are selectively                 serious declines or have disappeared (McLean et al. 1987).
                  choosing suitable, prefered nesting habitat, then disturbance at
                  this stage may force them to seek refuge in less than optimal, and          Males undertake courtship displays including aerial flights and
                  very possibly unsuitable, habitat. Sometimes entire tern colonies           eventually monogamous pairs are formed. Colonies range in size
                  simply disappear after the disruption associated with a Memorial            from 2 to 600 pairs and may be composed of a series of sub-
                  Day weekend. Re-nesting success after disturbance is very poor.             colonies extending several hundred feet along a beach. There
                                                                                              must be nearby feeding habitat (open water supporting small fish)
                                                                                              for successful nesting. Least Tern colonies frequently include
                                                                                              Piping Plover nests.




                                                                                                                                                       PAGE 15








                Roseate Terns                                                                Piping Plovers nest earliest and receive the least disturbance from
                                                                                             humans during this period. Many plover chicks, however, are
                Roseate TerA'.- -@ -,-rally appear at their Long Island breeding             newly hatched at the same time the beaches are sustaining their
                grounds in mid-May. Zc'h sexes participate in courtship displays             first major human use - Memorial Day weekend. Many tern nests
                described by Bent (1921) as "stretching their necks upward and               have freshly laid eggs by this holiday weekend, while other terns
                strutting about with drooped wings and elevated tails. . .. Finally          are just getting started nesting. An uninformed mass of eager
                the accepted suitor mounts his mate and stands squarely upon her             sun-seekers, with their pets and vehicles, can kill many plover
                back for a long time, with frequent interlocking of bills." On               chicks, destroy unhatched plover eggs and cause terns to abandon
                Long Island, Roseate Tern colonies are invariably within Common              otherwise suitable nesting sites.
                Tern colonies.
                Common Terns                                                                 Piping Plovers, Least Terns, and Common Terns
                                                                                             Piping Plovers, Least Terns, and Common Terns use essentially the
                Common Terns     return to Long Island breeding grounds in early             same nesting habitat: sand or sand/cobble beaches along ocean
                May.    Males begin courtship with strutting displays, necks                 shores, bays, and inlets between the high tide line and area of
                stretched upward and bills pointing to the sky. Eventually, a male           dune formation. They usually nest at sites with little or no
                flies off, only to return with a small fish or sand eel, which he            vegetation, although it is not uncommon to find plover nests at the
                displays to a female. The female responds with "begging" behavior,           seaward base of dunes where there are moderate amounts of
                an open bill and half -raised wings. Finally, the male "offers" the          beachgrass that shelter the nest and eggs from sun and weather.
                morsel to the female, which she may immediately accept and                   On Long Island, Least Terns were reported to use beaches with 5
                swallow, or she may accept and then pass back and forth with the             to 25% vegetative cover, although sites with less than 20% cover
                male until finally swallowing it (Bent 1921).          Eventually a          were rarely used (Gochfeld 1983). Distance from and elevation
                monogamous pair is formed.                                                   above mean high water is an important factor in nest site selection.
                                                                                             Gochfeld (1983) found that Least Terns on Long Island will avoid
                3.4 Nesting Habitats, Nests, Eggs, Incubation, and Hatching                  beaches that have less than 30 feet between the high water mark
                                                                                             and the vegetated dunes, yet it is not uncommon to find a thriving
                Again, timing of nesting varies with each species, but once the              colony situated in a low-lying area prone to flooding.
                first egg is laid, adults of all four species show strong tenacity to
                their nests, despite repeated disturbance. Intruders will cause              Both plovers and Least and Common Terns will nest on
                adults to leave their nests temporarily, exposing eggs to predators          unvegetated dredged material if the surface is composed of sand,
                and temperature extremes, which can reduce viability and                     pebbles, and shell fragments with less than 10% clay and silt
                hatching success.     But once eggs are laid, nests are rarely               particles.
                abandoned altogether unless the site is destroyed by flooding,
                extreme human disturbance, or severe predation. Adults of all                On Long Island, Common Tern colonies also occur on salt marsh
                four species have been known to re-nest if early nesting attempts            islands and open elevated areas within an expanse of salt marsh.
                fail.                                                                        Birds tend to form linear colonies along the wrack line deposited




                PAGE 16









                   by winter storms, which usually keeps their nests above spring and          Roseate Terns
                   summer tides. Use of salt marshes for nesting appears to be a
                   recent phenomenon associated with loss of suitable beach habitat            Although Roseate Terns invariably breed in Common Tern
                   (Burger, in press).                                                         colonies, Roseates show a preference for specific "micro- habitats"
                                                                                               within the main colony, where they usually set up discrete sub-
                   Piping Plover nests are frequently found within Least Tern                  colonies. Successful Roseate colonies are almost always on islands;
                   colonies. Least and Common Terns usually do not nest together,              nesting attempts on the few sites on or attached to the mainland
                   but it is not uncommon to find a few pairs of Least Terns in a              usually do not succeed because of predation and human
                   Common Tern colony. Roseate Terns and Black Skimmers                        disturbance.
                   (Rynchops niger), although much rarer than Common Terns, are
                   usually found in Common Tern colonies.                                      There are two general categories of Roseate Tern colony "micro-
                                                                                               habitats" (Nisbet 1981). The first, characteristic of Long Island,
                   A Piping Plover nest is a shallow depression in the sand that is            are sandy islands, barrier islands, or barrier beaches vegetated
                   usually lined with shell fragments or small pebbles. Plovers almost         with beachgrass and herbaceous plants such as seaside goldenrod,
                   invariably lay four eggs, one every other day, although incubation          beach-pea, and dusty-miller. The second category, represented in
                   does not begin until after the last egg is laid. On Long Island,            this region only by Great Gull Island, are rocky or clay islands
                   plover nests with eggs may be found from late April to late June.           with a thin layer of soil and usually thickly vegetated with grass
                   Incubation lasts about 27 to 32 days and is shared by both sexes.           and herbaceous plants, except on rocky outcrops or sandy edges.
                   Reports of hatching success vary, ranging from a high of 91%                Roseate Terns have been observed nesting in salt marshes, but
                   (Wilcox 1959) to a low of 16% (MacIvor et al. 1985). All of the             with little success (Buckley & Buckley 1981). Optimal habitat
                   viable eggs in a given nest hatch at about the same time.                   should have about 80% cover of herbaceous plants about 30 inches
                                                                                               tall. These conditions are not frequently encountered, at either
                   Least Tern nests consist of shallow depressions scraped     in sand,        functioning colonies or potential sites.
                   constructed by the female. Egg-laying generally begins by the
                   second week of May. On the average, two eggs are laid on                    Roseate Tern nest sites are generally selected only one to four days
                   consecutive days, with incubation beginning after the second egg.           before egg-laying. Roseates require cover for nesting and locate
                   Incubation lasts about 21 days and is performed by both parents.            their simple nests beneath or beside clumps of grass or various
                   Although pairs of Least Terns lay two eggs, they generally raise            species of herbaceous plants or other objects that provide shelter.
                   either one chick or fail altogether (Burger, in press).                     They will also nest under and among rocks, driftwood, and other
                                                                                               beach debris. Nest density within a sub-colony may be as high as
                   Common Tern nests are built by the female and range from a                  four nests per square yard, with nests commonly spaced 10 to 20
                   scrape in the sand to a simple nest built of dried plant matter,            inches apart. The nest itself begins as a bare scrape in the ground.
                   typical of Common Tern nests in salt marshes. Clutches vary from            Nests with eggs may be found by late May. Within a given sub-
                   2 to 3 eggs, laid at I to 2 day intervals. Nests with eggs can be           colony, all females tend to lay within a week.
                   found by the middle of May on Long Island. Incubation lasts for
                   approximately 21 days, and is shared by both parents.                       Once an egg is laid, an exclusive territory about three feet in




                                                                                                                                                         PAGE 17







                 diameter, centered around the nest, is established and vigorously             allowed to spend the major part of the day during low tide
                 defended. Roseates generally lay I to 2 eggs at 2 to 3 day                    feeding, to obtain the energy necessary to increase in size, grow
                 intervals. Incubation begins with the first egg and is carried out            feathers, escape predators, and develop the ability to fly and then
                 by both sexes. During incubation, the sitting bird gradually                  migrate south. Frequent disturbance during feeding probably
                 constructs a * ---!e nest from pieces of vegetation and other                 results in increased mortality of chicks (Fleming 1984).
                 available material. lr@@A_,bation lasts for approximately 23 days, but
                 can vary from 21 to 27 d@,,ys.                                                Many plover chicks are newly hatched about Memorial Day
                                                                                               weekend, and about an equal number are just shy of fledging by
                 3.5 Care and Feeding of Chicks                                                the Fourth of July weekend. Since chicks feed at the water's edge,
                                                                                               usually at low tide, they are extremely vulnerable to disturbance
                 Piping Plovers                                                                by sunbathers and swimmers, walkers, pets, and vehicles. When
                                                                                               crouched motionlessly in a tire track in the sand, chicks are
                 Piping Plover eggs generally begin hatching on Long Island about              virtually impossible to see, making them equally impossible to
                 late May, although the actual date depends on the onset of egg-               avoid.
                 laying and incubation. Young are precocial (their eyes are open,
                 they have downy feathers, and they are capable of locomotion                  Plover chicks become able to fly ("fledging") 28 to 35 days after
                 within hours of hatching) and will remain in the nest only until              hatching, usually beginning in early July. Number of young per
                 their down has dried. They are well -camouflaged and highly                   pair that survive to fledging are highly variable. The average is
                 mobile.                                                                       generally between one and two, but often a local breeding
                                                                                               population of plovers will raise an average of less than one per
                 Chicks feed independently almost immediately, led by parents to               pair. After fledging, family groups separate, and adults and
                 the water's edge. Adults and chicks feed on small crustaceans,                young begin congregating on feeding grounds outside territorial
                 molluscs, marine worms, insects, insect larvae, and other                     boundaries.
                 invertebrates. They forage in the intertidal zone of bays and inlets
                 and on oceanfront sand beaches, mud flats, and tidal wrack                    Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
                 deposits. Most feeding occurs at low or failing tides during the
                 daytime.                                                                      Behavior of chicks of all three tern species is very similar, as is
                                                                                               their parents' feeding care. Nests have similar numbers of eggs
                 If disturbed, flightless chicks crouch and remain motionless,                 (usually two) and most eggs hatch in mid- to late June. Chicks
                 becoming almost indistinguishable from their surroundings.                    have downy feathers and their eyes are open, but unlike plover
                 Frequently, they intersperse short runs with this motionless                  chicks, tern chicks remain in their nests for about three days after
                 crouch. Unfledged young (those that do not yet have the ability               hatching and are fed by their parents until several weeks after
                 to fly) are usually present from late May to late July. Although              fledging. After leaving nests, tern chicks are highly mobile,
                 parents remain with chicks until they have the ability to fly,                ranging throughout their colonies. Adults apparently are able to
                 young are very vulnerable to disturbance during the first three               identify their own young through sight and smell, and are believed
                 weeks of life, particularly if feeding is disrupted. Chicks must be           to feed only their own offspring. Adults share responsibilities for




                 PAGE 18









                  feeding chicks and protecting young from temperature extremes                  3.6 Responses of Adults to Disturbance
                  and inclement weather. Adults bring small (2-4 inches) fish of
                  several species, which are swallowed headfirst by chicks. Downy                Piping Plovers
                  chicks "beg" for their meals from parents by opening their bills;
                  older chicks, including those already fledged, display more                    Adult Piping Plovers respond to disturbance in their territories by
                  elaborate begging behavior including opening their bills, half-                exhibiting an array of distraction behaviors. They may be best
                  opening their wings, crying out, and "dancing" in place. Parents               known by the general public for their "broken wing" displays to
                  may feed chicks on land, in water, or, for fledged young, in mid-              lure potential predators away from nests and eggs. Other displays
                  air.                                                                           include squatting, false brooding, and running. Displays are most
                                                                                                 frequent and intense near hatching time and when chicks are very
                  When disturbed, chicks flee to hide behind clumps of vegetation                young. Incubating and brooding birds, while unlikely to entirely
                  or crouch motionlessly against the sand. If at the water's edge,               abandon an active nest, are sensitive to human approach. The
                  they may take to the water, being competent swimmers almost                    average distance at which a bird will leave its nest when
                  immediately upon leaving their nests. Chicks seek refuge from                  approached is 150 feet (Cairns 1977).           Distraction displays
                  inclement weather and the mid-day sun in vegetation, although                  intensify as the intruder moves closer to the nest.             Plovers
                  adults frequently provide this protection directly.                            generally exhibit more intense displays when approached by
                                                                                                 humans than by other potential predators or non-predatory species
                  Least Terns have the shortest time from        hatching to fledging,           (Flemming 1984).
                  about 20 days. Common Terns fledge              about 28 days after
                  hatching, and Roseates fledge 24 to 28 days after hatching.                    Burger (1987) suggests that the anti-predator behavior of Least
                  Variations in fledging time depend on           conditions during a            Terns, coupled with their concentrated numbers, may reduce the
                  particular breeding season.         Plentiful  forage fish, a high             threat of predation to nesting plovers, resulting in higher
                  proportion of clear sunny days, and little disturbance result in               reproductive success for plovers nesting within Least Tern colonies
                  earlier fledging.                                                              than for those nesting outside of tern colonies.

                  Most chicks fledge by late July. Fledged young are dependent on                Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
                  parents for food for several more weeks. Roseate adults have even
                  been observed feeding young on their wintering grounds. Fledged                A recent study (Erwin 1989) analyzed responses of several seabird
                  chicks and adults may remain at or near their colonies for one or              species to human intrusion. Results showed that Common Terns
                  two weeks after fledging, after which they congregate on suitable              and Black Skimmers flush from colonies at greater distances (260-
                  beaches with other adults and young prior to migration.                        600 feet) than do Least Terns (210 feet). Initially, all adults fly up
                                                                                                 from their nests, circle, and return to the colony. As intruders
                                                                                                 close in, birds leave nests for the duration of the disturbance.
                                                                                                 Often, Least and Common Tern adults "mob" intruders by calling
                                                                                                 loudly, diving at and, frequently, defecating on them. The most
                                                                                                 aggressive individuals are those whose nests are most closely




                                                                                                                                                             PAGE 19








                approached, but all colony members will join in if a threat is               Nocturnal predation remains the principal cause of egg loss and
                perceived. Common Terns are generally more aggressive and more               mortality of young and adults.
                effective at driving predators away than other beach-nesting
                species. In Least Tern colonies, mobbing responses have been                 Principal predators are rats (Rallus norvegicus), Greater Black-
                elicited at a range of 30 to 225 feet.                                       backed Gulls (Larus marinus), Great Horned Owls (Bubo
                                                                                             virginianus), and Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax
                Roseate Terns reauily leave their eggs and young when threatened             nycticorax).
                or disturbed.      They .,-e particularly sensitive to human
                disturbance, and leave their nests sooner and remain in the air              3.7 Foraging Habitats and Strategies
                longer than neighboring Common Terns. They attack airborne
                avian predators, but when approached by mammals or birds on the              Piping Plovers
                ground, they circle above the invader, issuing alarm calls. In
                contrast, Common Terns carry out vigorous attacks on terrestrial             As mentioned earlier, adults and young plovers feed in the
                predators, and there may be a real advantage for Roseates to form            intertidal beach zone on small crustaceans, molluscs, marine
                mixed colonies with this species.                                            worms, insects and insect larvae, and other invertebrates. Most
                                                                                             feeding occurs during the daytime at low or receding tides. Cairns
                Least Terns appear to have adopted a different strategy for                  (1977) reported that apparently random pecks were interspersed
                reducing losses to predation than Common and Roseate Terns.                  with short runs by plovers foraging on lagoon sand flats, but birds
                Least Tern colonies are more numerous and have fewer pairs of                switched techniques on more active ocean beaches, using foot
                birds, while Common and Roseate Terns nest in a few, very large              trembling to locate food before pecking.
                colonies. Since there are more Least Tern colonies, chances that
                predators will discover a large percentage of them is reduced,               Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
                although the small numbers of nests in each colony may be
                completely wiped out by predators if the colony is discovered.               Least, Roseate, and Common Terns all feed on small (2-4 inches)
                The few, large Common and Roseate Tern colonies may be easier                fish of several species, although sand lance is frequently cited as
                for predators to find, but aggressive defense attacks and lots of            their primary prey (Bent 1921). These fish swim in schools of
                individual nests and birds may reduce chances that predators will            many hundred individuals and are favored prey for bluefish
                wipe out entire colonies.                                                    (Pomatomus saltatrix), which chase schools of the smaller fish to
                                                                                             the water's surface. Commercial fishermen frequently use flocks
                Mobbing responses are focused on daytime threats such as gulls,              of foraging terns as guides to bluefish.
                crows, domestic animals, and humans. When confronted with
                nocturnal predators, terns leave their nests and colonies altogether.        Although their food sources are essentially the same, there are
                Roseate Terns may leave their nests and young for up to seven                differences in the ways each tern species catches its prey and the
                hours each night in the presence of nocturnal predators. However,            habitat in which it forages. Least Terns forage in freshwater and
                they are more apt to return during the night than Common Terns               salt ponds, estuaries, bays, and the ocean. They hover and dive
                and commonly suffer higher adult mortality to predators.                     after their prey from heights of 3 to 30 feet. They are also known




                PAGE 20








                to skim the water's surface for food.         Least Terns will fly           3.8 Migration and Winter Range Habitats
                substantial distances from their colonies to feed at consistently
                productive sites.                                                            Piping Plovers

                Roseate Terns catch fish by diving deeply from greater heights               Piping Plovers depart Long Island beaches by the end of August
                than other species of medium-sized terns. Foraging occurs in                 or early September (Bull 1974). Most of the Atlantic coast
                clear waters of bays, inlets, tidal rips, and open waters within             population winters along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina
                about 1.25 miles of shore. Roseate Terns use three foraging                  to Florida. Recent surveys suggest that major wintering areas
                methods. Dispersed feeding takes place at favored feeding sites              include the southern coasts of North Carolina and Georgia and the
                where schools of prey fish are widely distributed; productive sites          Lower Florida Keys. The Great Lakes and Northern Great Plains
                include submerged sandbars and tidal rips that are used habitually           populations winter along the Gulf of Mexico coast from Florida to
                within and between breeding seasons. Roseate Terns occasionally              Mexico. Studies in Texas have shown that wintering plovers favor
                join dense flocks of Common Terns when schools of fish are being             sheltered sandflats adjacent to open beaches, rather than the
                driven to the surface by large predatory fish, such as bluefish.             beaches themselves (Haig & Oring 1985). Winter habitat selection
                They are also known to hover over colonies and rob other species             along the Atlantic coast is not well known.
                of terns arriving with fish.
                                                                                             Least, Roseate, and Common Terns
                Common Terns capture prey by making shallow dives. Foraging
                sites are essentially the same as those of Roseate Terns, but                All three tern species leave Long Island in early September,
                Common Terns are not limited to areas with clear waters. They                although Common Tern stragglers may remain until early October
                feed primarily on schools of fish driven to the surface by bluefish.         (Bull 1974). Least Terns head for their wintering grounds along
                Large flocks gather near feeding bluefish, shifting position as prey         the coast of northern South America from Venezuela to Brazil.
                fish reach the surface. Common Terns and bluefish depend on the              Roseate Terns migrate south through the West Indies, arriving at
                same food resource, and bluefish appear to be the better                     wintering grounds on the northern coast of South America from
                competitors for this food source. Bluefish appear to control prey            the Pacific coast of Colombia to eastern Brazil by November.
                abundance and availability, and their population levels may dictate          Roseate Terns banded on Cedar Beach and Great Gull Island have
                the degree of Common Tern reproductive success within a given                been recovered in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and off
                breeding season. Safina and Burger (1985) suggest that population            the Pacific coast of Colombia (Bull 1974).
                movements and reproductive activities of Common Terns are
                linked to prey abundance.                                                    The primary winter range of Common Terns encompasses both
                                                                                             coasts of South America, extending along the Atlantic coast to
                                                                                             southern Argentina and along the Pacific coast south to Peru.
                                                                                             Smaller numbers winter in southern Florida and California. Most
                                                                                             Long Island Common Terns probably winter in Trinidad or
                                                                                             Guyana, but one banded bird was found over 6500 miles away in
                                                                                             Chile (Bull 1974).




                                                                                                                                                      PAGE 21








                 4.0 ADVERSE IMPACT ON BEACH-NESTING SHOREBIRDS:                                  disruption in the process. Cats often hunt at night and are very
                 natural and unnatural limits on habitat values.                                  efficient at decimating a colony.

                 Populations of Long Island's beach-nesting birds have been                       4.2 Recreational Uses
                 declining since the 1950's. This decline can be attributed to
                 several factors. One cause has been reduction         in availability of         Rapid growth of human populations on Long Island has resulted
                 suitable nesting habitat; both the numbers and quality of sites have             in a tremendous rise in recreational use of ocean and bay beaches.
                 been drastically reduced. At the remaining sites, intense human                  Tern colonies and Piping Plover nests are particularly sensitive to
                 disturbance makes it very difficult for birds to breed successfully.             this use.     Increased pedestrian, swimming, and sunbathing
                 Increased coastal development and associated activities of large                 activities and use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) are the principal
                 numbers of people are the principal forces contributing to the                   factors associated with recreational use of beaches.               These
                 decline of this region's biological legacy.                                      activities reach their heights on Memorial Day and Fourth of July
                                                                                                  holiday weekends, periods critical for successful plover and tern
                 4.1 Coastal Land Development                                                     reproduction.

                 Development of waterfront property on Long Island has continued                  Off-road Vehicles (ORVs)
                 unabated for over 30 years with little concern for quality of
                 coastal habitats for wildlife.           The result has been the                 Off-road vehicles include four-wheel -drive cars and trucks, small
                 disappearance of large areas of suitable habitat for nesting terns               three- and four- wheel-drive all-terrain vehicles, dirt bikes,
                 and plovers. Coastal development began with building of second                   motorcycles, and occasionally, "mountain" bicycles. A variety of
                 homes and accelerated with expansion of suburban communities.                    people use ORVs on the beach day and night, including
                 Even the underlying coastal landforms have been modified to                      commercial fishermen, law enforcement personnel, bathers, and
                 "protect" beachfront communities from climatic and geological                    joy-riders. Operators often get on the beach at unauthorized dune
                 processes. Frequently, groins and jetties constructed to "stabilize"             cross-overs and frequently drive on all portions of the beach,
                 eroding coastal areas have also significantly contributed to habitat             posing a threat to nesting, foraging, and roosting birds. The small
                 alteration.                                                                      size and efficient camouflage of tern and plover nests, eggs, and
                                                                                                  chicks make them essentially invisible to ORV drivers and
                 In addition to loss of habitat, several secondary impacts are                    occupants. Young plovers feed at the water's edge and young
                 associated with residential development of coasts. Because people                terns tend to congregate on the lower beach waiting to be fed by
                 live near the beach, they walk on it more frequently, disturbing                 returning adults, often placing them in the direct paths of fast-
                 territorial and nesting birds. Children often think collection or                moving vehicles. Heavy beach traffic during the breeding season
                 destruction of eggs or chasing chicks is fun. People bring cats and              frequently results in colony and nest abandonment.
                 dogs to their beach houses; unleashed pets are a great danger to
                 beach-nesting birds. Dogs and cats have destroyed numerous tern
                 colonies and plover nests. Dogs have been known to chase and kill
                 most of a colony's chicks, breaking eggs and causing catastrophic




                 PAGE 22









                 Pedestrians, Swimmers, Sunbathers, and Picnickers                            Mechanical Dredges

                 Presence of pedestrians in proximity to colonies and nest sites also         Mechanical dredges are designed to operate in proximity to docks,
                 poses substantial problems. Birds in the process of territory                bulkheads, and other structures. Examples include clamshell,
                 establishment and pair-bonding are very sensitive to disturbance.            dipper/backhoe, and bucket dredges. They usually operate with
                 Bathers and picnickers who are unaware of nesting birds will                 separate material transport and disposal vessels. The principal
                 unintentionally approach and linger too close, causing adults to             advantage of mechanical equipment is the high sediment- to -water
                 leave their nests, exposing eggs and young to temperature extremes           ratio of material to be relocated, which permits disposal in small
                 (overheating due to direct sunshine on hot days and chilling on              containment areas or transport over long distances.
                 cooler, overcast days) that commonly lead to death by exposure.
                 Eggs and chicks also become vulnerable to avian predators.
                 Frequent disturbance of this sort often results in site                      Hydraulic Dredges
                 abandonment.      When people actually enter colonies, further
                 damage occurs. Eggs and chicks may be crushed under foot, and                Hydraulic dredges use centrifugal pumps to transport material.
                 mobile young may be separated from parents and die of starvation             Water mixes with sediments to form a slurry, which is pumped
                 or injury by other adults.                                                   through a pipeline to the disposal area.         Examples of this
                                                                                              equipment include cutterhead, dustpan, sidecaster, and hopper
                 Regular, daytime use of the beach just above the water line by               dredges. Depending on the type of hydraulic dredge, sediment
                 people and/or vehicles prevents plover chicks from feeding, and              can be deposited on an upland site or in open water.
                 may be a major factor in the lack of reproductive success of Long
                 Island's Piping Plovers.                                                     Dredging on Long Island is usually conducted with hydraulic
                                                                                              equipment, using upland disposal areas located close to the dredge
                 4.3 Dredging Operations                                                      site. Habitats used by breeding terns and plovers are frequently
                                                                                              situated adjacent to channels and basins that require dredging
                 Dredging operations are conducted to maintain navigable                      since these are the areas of accreting sand and sediments. This
                 waterways, harbors, and marinas and to restore recreational                  proximity often means that birds nest in areas selected as
                 beaches that have eroded. Dredging permits are issued through a              deposition sites.
                 process that involves the Army Corps of Engineers, NYSDEC,
                 NYSDOS, Nassau or Suffolk County, townships, and villages.                   Material Deposition and Placement of Pipelines
                 Objectives and environmental impacts are considered in each case.
                 Approval of permits often takes six months and is initiated long             Placement of dredged materials on or near active nest sites can
                 before beach-nesting birds return in the spring. Selection of a              cause severe disruption or failure of nesting.        Consequences
                 particular kind of dredge depends on the site and the disposal               include interruption of territory establishment, destruction of eggs
                 method. Material to be dredged, site accessibility, hydrology, and           and young, and abandonment of nest sites or colonies. Deposition
                 weather conditions dictate the choice. The two basic types of                of unsuitable silty material on currently inactive but previously
                 equipment available are mechanical and hydraulic dredges.                    used or potential breeding sites may result in damage to or loss of




                                                                                                                                                       PAGE 23








                  suitable habitat. Open water disposal may impact prey fish                            treatment systems and agriculture can lead to dramatic changes in
                  populations through temporary changes in the marine                                   marine ecosystems. Recent algal blooms that have plagued Peconic
                  environment.                                                                          Bay and adjacent waters may be the result of this process. The
                                                                                                        capacity of Long Island's marine and coastal environments to
                  Hydraulic dredging requires placement of pipelines between                            support viable populations of breeding birds depends on the
                  dredges and disposal areas. Pipelines can interfere with nesting,                     quality of its ecosystems.
                  and in the event of equipment failure such as a leaking pipe,
                  destroy a colony or nest site. It is possible, however, through                       Residential Garbage and Beach Litter
                  careful scheduling of work, placement of pipelines, and selection
                  of deposition sites, that dredging can occur with little or no impact                 Degradation of nesting habitats and foraging areas is a growing
                  on plovers and terns. Furthermore, dredged material can be used                       problem. Garbage from beachside homes is a source of food for
                  to improve unsuitable nesting habitat and create new habitat.                         predators, artificially increasing their numbers near such
                                                                                                        developments.       Refuse left on beaches by recreational users
                                                                                                        attracts    wild     predators     such    as    gulls,   crows      (Corvus
                  4.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation                                           brachyrhynchos), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and red foxes (Vulpes
                                                                                                        vulpes), as well as domestic pets and feral cats and dogs. Presence
                  Environmental degradation and predation are included as a single                      of these predators on beaches increases disturbance of adult birds
                  topic here because of the unfortunate relationship that these two                     and the chances for destruction of eggs and chick mortality. In
                  factors have with respect to the welfare of beach-nesting                             addition, adult birds have been known to become entangled in the
                  shorebirds. These species exist in a tenuous balance with their                       plastic packaging of six-pack beverages and monofilament fishing
                  predators. Often a change in or near the nesting habitat through                      line and hooks, causing injuries, reducing abilities to forage,
                  pollution, physical alteration, or introduction of residential                        increasing vulnerability to predators, and causing mortality.
                  housing may be enough to tilt this balance in favor of predators,
                  often to the extent that an entire colony's nesting effort may be                     Predation is a major limiting factor in success of beach-nesting
                  met with no success at all.                                                           birds.    A diverse array of avian and mammalian predators,
                                                                                                        consisting of both native and non-native species, feed on eggs,
                  Water Pollution                                                                       young, and occasionally adults. Native mammals include gray
                                                                                                        squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), skunks(Spilogale putorius),
                  Toxic substances and concentrated nutrients in marine sediments                       raccoons, opossums (Didelphis virginiana), red foxes, and weasels.
                  can have immediate impacts if these sediments are part of dredged                     Non-native mammals consist of domestic and feral animals, and
                  material deposited at colonies and nest sites. Intertidal sand and                    Norway and black (Rattus rattus) rats. Native birds include Black-
                  mud flats become devoid of fauna if levels of pollutants are too                      crowned Night-Herons, Crows, Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria
                  high.    Pollution of open waters can lead to declining fish                          interpres), Great Horned Owls, and Great Black-backed and
                  populations, reducing food availability for foraging terns. Birds                     Herring (Larus argentatus) Gulls. The only non-native bird
                  can be contaminated by feeding on tainted fish, depressing their                      species that is a potential threat is the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris).
                  productivity.      Input of nutrient-rich effluents from sewage




                  PAGE 24








                 A number of these species are able to exploit food sources                    individuals is necessary to take advantage of these opportunities.
                 associated with human activity (garbage) and have increased their             In situations where conflict arises, reasonable solutions can often
                 numbers over the years as human development has expanded.                     be achieved simply through development of an awareness of the
                 Increased numbers of predators cause greater mortality and reduce             resource and its vulnerability. Management approaches described
                 reproductive success.                                                         in this plan largely reflect the results of previous cooperative
                                                                                               efforts which have led to the practices now in use by several
                 4.5 Vegetation Succession                                                     agencies, organizations, and individuals concerned about
                                                                                               protecting Long Island's coastal areas.
                 Vegetation succession is primarily a problem on dredge material
                 disposal sites. These sites are ideal for colonization by a variety of        5.1 Coastal Land Development
                 weedy plant species, which eventually overgrow the site, rendering
                 it unsuitable for nesting plovers and Least Terns. Roseate and                Loss of shorebird habitat to residential development and use is the
                 Common Terns may still nest in denser vegetation, but eventually              most direct, obvious, and irreversible factor threatening Long
                 the entire site becomes unsuitable. Because of overall habitat loss,          Island's plovers and terns. Although most of the nesting habitat
                 birds have fewer and fewer alternate areas to move to when some               for these birds is located on public land, the permanance of the
                 sites become overgrown, resulting in decreased reproductive                   adverse impact that residential development can have on habitats
                 success.                                                                      located on private land, or even adjacent to private lands, makes
                                                                                               residential development one of the more important factors
                 4.6 Flooding                                                                  threatening the welfare of these species. Coastal development is
                                                                                               also a complicated issue to address, requiring cooperation and
                 Natural beach   habitats are constantly changing, as some get too             coordination at every governmental level and broad support from
                 vegetated others are opened up by wind and wave action. Low-                  the public.
                 lying beaches that appear suitable for nesting are subject to
                 flooding during storms and extremely high tides. If this occurs at            A lesson that can be learned from beach-nesting shorebirds is how
                 an active colony, eggs and young are destroyed and the site is                difficult and unpredictable life can be in a dynamic environment.
                 usually abandoned. As mentioned above, overall habitat loss has               Barrier beaches and dunes by their very nature are unstable and
                 reduced alternate sites available to birds from a colony destroyed            basically incompatible with permanent structures such as inlet
                 by flooding, further decreasing reproductive success.                         jetties or houses. Permanaent structures have been maintained
                                                                                               with varying degrees of success; the point is that substantial
                                                                                               economic and physical commitment has been required to preserve
                 5.0 REDUCING ADVERSE IMPACTS: Managing to enhance                             these structures in the face of natural change.
                 habitat values and nesting success                                            Residential development in particular comes at a large cost to both
                 Opportunities exist to prevent or reduce impacts of human                     taxpayers and those seeking to live on the barrier beaches. This
                 activities on breeding populations of beach-nesting birds.                    cost includes federal flood insurance support; construction and
                 Cooperation among diverse private and public organizations and                maintenance of roads, bridges, sewers, telephone lines, and




                                                                                                                                                          PAGE 25








                utilities in areas where they are certain to sustain damage from            A third step towards restoring natural beach environments would
                ocean storms and hurricanes and where they only benefit and                 be to gradually phase out federal flood insurance coverage for
                service waterfront landowners; emergency relief services to coastal         existing coastal properties and cease issuance of new policies.
                landownerq -1 -- 1,omes are damaged or destroyed by hurricanes              Availability of inexpensive coverage has only encouraged
                and stwins; an.      - '-wtion of extremely expensive groins,               construction in vulnerable areas. Withdrawal of coverage won't
                bulkheads, and other stru.- @s which, at best, provide temporary            discourage all coastal development; many individuals are wealthy
                protection for coastal developments.                                        enough to afford private insurance. But, at least the public won't
                                                                                            be involved in the business of financing construction and
                Add to these public and private costs the biological costs that             reconstruction of beachfront houses.
                species pay. Beach-nesting shorebirds have declined over the last
                thirty years; during the same time period, second homes and                 A fourth step in restoring habitat value is to consider removal of
                permanant residences on the coast have flourished. It has not been          shoreline structures such as groins and bulkheads in instances
                demonstrated that these two uses - residential use by humans and            where the value of these structures is questionable. Structural
                beach nesting by shorebirds - can coexist. At some point, an                approaches may exacerbate the effects of erosion or may transfer
                active decision may be needed to determine where one use                    the effects of erosion to adjacent areas. Even when gains in the
                prevails. If the decision is made that shorebird habitat is to be           immediate project area are realized, losses to erosion often appear
                preserved and protected, then the following steps should be taken.          to have accelerated in downdrift areas. In general, it has not been
                                                                                            prudent from a habitat value perspective to stablize one section of
                A first step toward protecting existing habitat is to restrict new          the coast at the cost of another section. The test that should be
                coastal construction. Certain undeveloped barrier beaches should            met for existing or proposed structural approaches is whether off-
                be preserved in natural condition based on habitat resource values.         site effects can be observed or expected. Too often, the only
                Plans for appropriate acquisition of private lands should be                benefits considered are those in the immediate project area, with
                developed, and public agencies should dedicate these lands as               disastrous impacts on adjacent areas being ignored.
                natural beaches for wildlife habitat.
                                                                                            A fifth step is to determine where private property ends and
                A second step is to restore value to suitable habitat areas by              public property begins at important nesting areas sandwiched
                restricting rebuilding of existing structures damaged by erosion or         between the ocean and an almost solid row of beachfront homes.
                storms. In December 1989, the Long Island Regional Planning                 Debates about who owns beaches and dunes that shorebirds use
                Board proposed that buildings in vulnerable areas sustaining                must be resolved. Private landowners generally claim ownership
                damage costing more than half their replacement value should be             of all the dunes right down to the water and occasionally prevent
                razed followed by public acquisition of the property. Although              plover and tern stewards from fencing and posting nest sites and
                controversial, this recommendation is being considered throughout           colonies. Landowners feel fencing interferes with their use of the
                the Atlantic coast, particularly in light of the damage to the South        beach and views of the ocean.         New York State, however,
                Carolina coast by Hurricane Hugo in September 1989. Restricting             generally claims ownership up to the mean high tide line, which
                rebuilding is the only certain way to reverse habitat loss that has         is based on a "floating" seven-year average. At sites where the
                proven so detrimental to plovers, terns, and other coastal species.         federal, state, and/or local governments have undertaken public




                PAGE 26









                 works projects or actively nourished beaches or filled underwater             and plover nests and chicks. And, all litter should be cleaned up
                 lands (at the taxpayers' expense), the state claims ownership of all          immediately.
                 newly created land and acereted land resulting from the public
                 works projects. For example, at some sites on Southampton's                   Throughout the rest of the summer, most areas can sustain some
                 Dune Road, private property doesn't reach seaward of toes of the              levels of recreational use without necessarily disturbing nesting
                 first vegetated dunes, although most landowners are unaware of                birds and their young. In order for this to occur, management
                 this. This is particularly significant because the strip between the          techniques need to be employed that effectively achieve separation
                 high tide line and the vegetated dunes is usually the area the birds          of colonies and nest sites from human activities. These techniques
                 use for nesting. Appropriate legal research should be done; letters           direct human activities to less sensitive portions of the beach and
                 and educational brochures should be developed and distributed to              dune environment during the months that are critical to the
                 all affected landowners. Public information meetings may also be              reproductive success of plovers and terns.
                 appropriate vehicles for presenting this kind of information to
                 homeowners associations. Adequate educational and enforcement                 Separating Recreational Users from Nesting Birds
                 efforts should follow throughout the breeding season.
                                                                                               Timely assessment of site use by birds is the necessary prerequisite
                 5.2 Recreational Use                                                          to establishing a sound protection program. Once active sites are
                                                                                               identified, marking of perimeters and posting with educational
                 In comparison to residential development and use, adverse impacts             signs can be done by trained volunteers, landowners, municipal
                 arising from recreational use in or near beach-nesting shorebird              employees, or professional stewards. Posting and marking must be
                 habitat is less obvious and reversible. Adverse impacts due to                completed before Memorial Day weekend, when the first major
                 conflicting recreational use probably constitute the single greatest          influx of beach visitors takes place. The remainder of the breeding
                 threat to the welfare of these species. This conclusion is based on           season may be used for monitoring nesting success, protection of
                 two observations: first, most of the nesting habitat is in public, not        the nesting site, and public education.
                 private, ownership; and second, both birds and people concentrate
                 their activities in the same, limited places.                                 Timing of colony and nest site establishment is variable,
                                                                                               depending on the particular species and weather. Piping Plovers
                 Chronic effects of recreational beach use during the breeding                 usually have nests by late April or early May. Terns usually
                 season can be seen at virtually every site on Long Island. The                establish colonies by late May. An unusually cold or wet spring
                 double jeopardy resulting from huge Memorial Day weekend                      can delay nesting territory establishment.
                 crowds followed by even larger Fourth of July weekend crowds
                 accompanied by after-dark fireworks displays is devastating to                Several colony sites have relatively consistent historical use or
                 many colonies. Permits for all public and private fireworks                   clear topographical boundaries and may be marked before spring
                 displays should be reviewed for their impacts on plovers and terns.           arrival of birds. Exact locations of most sites however, vary from
                 Those proposed in proximity to active nesting sites should be                 year to year, but generally by no more than one-half mile. This
                 relocated. Sponsors of all displays should have adequate crowd                seasonal variation makes it difficult to mark the colony boundaries
                 and vehicle control capabilities to prevent damage to tern colonies           until birds arrive and establish territories. In many cases, colonies




                                                                                                                                                          PAGE 27








               expand beyond the previous year's boundary line, requiring one or             boundary can be accomplished by a variety of methods, ranging
               more adjustments to physical markers. Appropriate marking of                  from light string lines to heavy snow fencing. The method used
               the colony can be effectively used to create restricted corridors for         depends on the type of recreational use the beach receives. This
               vehicular and pedestrian movement. Boundary markers and signs                 section describes the process used each season by volunteers and
               may be re-          - coon as birds leave a site, whether as a result         professionals throughout Long Island in a ritual that has become
               of mid-season abandoi. -nt or completion of the breeding season.              as commonplace as the return of the birds to the beaches.

               Public Education                                                              1. Identify active breeding areas through observation of courting
               A prerequisite for a successful protection program is education.              or nesting birds.
               People have to be shown how they can share beaches with nesting               2. Determine primary and buffer zone boundaries of the colony
               birds - often it is only lack of knowledge that is the problem. Few           or nest site.
               people are interested in harming these birds out of malice, and                       a. Primary boundary for solitary Piping Plovers is the nest
               those who are given the reasoning behind habitat and species                          itself.
               conservation often become sympathetic supporters. Indeed, the                         b. Primary boundary for a tern colony is a line that
               most valuable resource in achieving protection of these habitats,                     includes all nests on the periphery of the colony.
               are local citizens who take an interest in these birds and                            c. Buffer zone boundary is 200-800 feet from the primary
               voluntarily watch out for their welfare. The point made here is                       boundary, depending on site topography, and should be
               that the public must be informed of the importance of                                 maximized wherever possible.
               management activities for coastal habitats and species. State and
               federal agencies publish informative leaflets on the biology and              3. Select appropriate fencing and erect it along the buffer zone
               vulnerability of beach-nesting species and their habitats. Formal             boundary line.
               programs to disseminate these materials to the beach-using                            a. String fencing should be used at sites where a visual or
               population could be created. Outreach through schools and the                         symbolic barrier will be sufficient to deter vehicular and
               media should be considered as a means of educating large numbers                      pedestrian disturbance.
               of people. Ongoing education will increase awareness of the                                   - Use nylon "Mason's Twine" or a similar product.
               presence and vulnerability of nesting birds and enhance the                                   It is durable, inexpensive, and reusable.
               public's willingness to participate in protection of their habitat.                           - Attach a single string to five-foot steel fence
                                                                                                             posts spaced not more than 50 feet apart along the
               Management of Adverse Impacts from Recreational Use: A                                        buffer zone boundary line.
               Checklist of Minimum Requirements for Protection of Colonies and                              - Tie pieces of highly visible surveyor's flagging
               Nest Sites                                                                                    every ten feet along the string.
                                                                                                             - At sites with vehicular and/or heavy pedestrian
               Each season, colonies and nesting sites on beaches that also receive                          use, attach two strands of string two feet apart to
               recreational use have to be identified and marked to direct                                   posts or set up an inner and outer fence line with
               recreational use away from sensitive habitat. Marking the site's




               PAGE 28








                                 the inner fence at least 200 feet from the primary                   are designed to allow people to read them without having
                                 boundary.                                                            to come all the way up to the boundary before being able
                                 - Place reflective tape or fluorescent surveyor's                    to discern their message. These signs are variable in size.
                                 flagging on signs and posts at sites that experience                 b. Informational or educational signs are usually large (2
                                 night-time vehicular use.                                            x 3 feet) and explain in greater detail the biology of the
                         b. Snow fencing should be used at sites that require                         protected species and the dangers of disturbance. These
                         physical barriers to prevent disturbance or at sites where                   signs are erected at places where they will receive the
                         this type of fencing can effectively seal off the entire site                greatest amount of attention from recreational beach-users
                         from virtually all forms of disturbance.                                     (access paths from parking areas, ends of elongate
                                 - Use untreated wooden slat snow fencing.                            colonies, along boundary fences or 20-30 feet outside
                                 - Use wire to attach snow fence to five-foot steel                   fences at points closest to areas used by people).
                                 fence posts spaced 6-8 feet apart along the buffer                   c. Boundary or restricted signs should be interspersed
                                 zone boundary.                                                       with informational or educational signs, and there should
                                 - Place reflective tape or fluorescent surveyor's                    be some kind of sign every 25-75 feet along colony or nest
                                 flagging on fencing or posts at sites that                           site boundaries. Permanent signs should be attached to
                                 experience night-time vehicular use.                                 year-round snow fence, explaining the objectives and
                                 - Colonies or nest sites located on spits or                         timing of beach access restrictions.
                                 peninsulas can be completely closed off by running                   d. Nuisance signs indicate presence of hazardous plants
                                 fencing across the spit or peninsula from water to                   (poison ivy) or pests (ticks) and are effective in reducing
                                 water. Signs are still required along the water's                    intrusion by pedestrians. These signs should only be
                                 edge to prevent landing or intrusion by boaters.                     erected when such a nuisance actually exists.
                                 Elevated dredge disposal sites can be completely                     e.   Signs should include the names and/or logos of
                                 enclosed by snow fence.                                              organizations and government entities that are active in
                                                                                                      protection efforts.
                 4. Install plastic or nylon signs bolted to steel fence posts (large                 f. Most fencing and signs should be removed as soon as
                 format signs can be mounted on 4 x 4-inch wooden posts) at                           birds leave a site, whether as a result of mid-season
                 appropriate points around colonies or nest sites.                                    abandonment or completion of the breeding season. In
                         a. Boundary or restricted signs are usually small (12 x 12-                  some cases, however, it is a beneficial educational
                         inch) and tersely worded, stating that access is restricted                  opportunity to leave snow fences up throughout the year,
                         because of beach-nesting birds and citing laws and                           but replace breeding season signs with more appropriate
                         regulations that govern the restrictions. These signs are                    signs, explaining why the fence is there and timing of
                         designed to meet legal posting requirements in order to be                   access restrictions.
                         able to take legal action against trespassers and must be
                         erected at intervals of not more than 100 feet. Other
                         restricted signs make simple statements in large, bold
                         lettering ("NO BOAT LANDING" or "KEEP OUT") and




                                                                                                                                                         PAGE 29








                5.3 Dredging Operations                                                         their own staff or an independent individual) to visit the site to
                                                                                                confirm or update existing information. Since this site visit may
                The major conflict between dredging operations and nesting birds                have to occur before birds normally return to breed, the assessing
                is one of timing; because of favorable weather conditions and the               biologist must be aware of historical use of the site by birds and
                need to provide navigational access during the recreational boating             the nesting habitat preferences of all species of concern. This
                season, dredge operators usually work during the nesting period                 guide provides an excellent starting point for this type of review.
                for plovers and terns on Long Island (March 15 - August 15).                    The biologist makes recommendations on timing of dredging,
                Some dredging does, however, occur at times outside this time                   placement of pipelines, and dredge disposal sites. Agency staff
                period. In these instances, the concern is over modification of                 review these recommendations and impose appropriate restrictions
                existing habitat or creation of new habitat by the placement of                 on the permit before approving the operation.
                dredged materials. In either case, measures can be taken to
                eliminate or reduce impacts of dredging operations on nesting                   Guidelines for Dredging Operations Scheduled Outside the
                birds.                                                                          Breeding Season (August 15 - March 15) ar During the Breeding
                                                                                                Season at Inactive Sites
                Permits from the US Army Corps of Engineers, NYS Department
                of Environmental Conservation (DEC), and Suffolk or Nassau                      The primary issue of concern in these instances is dredged
                Counties are required for all dredging operations.                  NYS         material disposal.     Biologists can make recommendations for
                Department of State's Division of Coastal Resources and                         habitat improvement by directing spoil deposition to a particular
                Waterfront Revitalization reviews the federal and state permits for             portion of the site. Encroaching vegetation or silty substrates
                consistency with coastal management policies and, in the case of                unsuitable for nesting can be covered with suitable nesting
                federal permits, has the statutory authority to prevent the issuance            substrates (coarse sand, pebbles, or broken shells).             Dredge
                of permits that would result in adverse impacts to designated                   material can also be used to increase site elevation and reduce
                habitats.     Local municipalities with approved waterfront                     flooding. Biologists also make recommendations to lessen the
                revitalization plans also gain review authority over state actions,             probability of degradation of existing habitat values by dredging
                and have statutory authority to object to issuance of state permits             operations.
                which may led to adverse impacts on the habitats.                               Guidelines for Dredging Operations Scheduled for the Breeding
                When a permit application is submitted, it is first necessary to                Season (March 15 - August 15)
                determine nesting habitat for birds is nearby and whether records
                of actual use by birds exist. Written information requests from                 Principal issues to be resolved include delineating and identifying
                applicants for permits can be directed to the DEC's Information                 nesting habitat; determining dredged material suitability as nesting
                Services in Latham, NY (see Appendix 10.1 for address). The                     substrate; selection of deposition sites; scheduling equipment set-
                "Site Narratives" section of this report provides information on                up and operation; and, positioning on-shore equipment.
                relevant aspects of all recently active tern colonies and plover nest
                sites. Additionally, in the permit review process, either state or
                federal reviewers may designate a qualified biologist (a member of




                PAGE 30









                 1. Selection of a dredged material disposal site depends on an                        pipe joints for potential leaks;     flow from leaks can
                 assessment of nesting habitat values in project area and on an                        destroy eggs and kill chicks once the colony is active.
                 analysis of the material composition.                                                 Pipelines should remain in place until the end of the
                         a. No material should be deposited on sites assessed by a                     breeding season to avoid disturbance.
                         qualified biologist as suitable for nesting.                                  d. Pipeline discharges should be located at least 600 feet
                         b. In areas with limited habitat value, suitable material                     from sites used by over ten pairs of terns, or more than
                         may be used for habitat improvement or restoration.                           one pair of Piping Plovers.
                                 - High quality sediments contain a large proportion                   e. Material should be deposited no closer than 200 feet
                                 of sand with lesser amounts of shell particles                        to a site used by fewer than ten pairs of terns, or one pair
                                 (0.025-0.125 inches in diameter) and small pebbles.                   of Piping Plovers. Slurry water should not be allowed to
                                 - Organic materials and fine silts are not suitable.                  flow through the habitat.
                                 - If unsuitable sediments are present, they may be                    f. Heavy equipment use for material transport or grading
                                 used if capped with 1-2 feet of suitable sand and                     should be set back at least 1000 feet from an active site.
                                 coarser materials.
                         C. Suitable material may be used to cover excessive                  3. Once equipment is deployed, additional safeguards must be
                         vegetation (> 5% coverage) on Piping Plovers and Least               taken. These depend on the actual habitat use following arrival of
                         and Common Tern sites. Not all vegetation should be                  the birds.
                         covered at sites that include Roseate Tern use.                               a. Identify active breeding areas within 1500 feet of the
                         d. Sites used for material deposition within      the past 5                  work site through observation of courting or nesting birds
                         years should be renewed with new material and the area of                     (April and May).      Birds are easily disturbed during
                         suitable habitat should be increased if possible.                             courtship and territory establishment, so observations
                         e.   If existing substrates are unsuitable for nesting,                       should be conducted from a distance. Once birds have
                         material may be deposited regardless of its suitability for                   completed nests and are laying eggs, they are much less
                         nesting (other environmental concerns such as wetland or                      easily disturbed.
                         runoff problems would still have to be addressed).                            b. Determine primary and buffer zone boundaries of the
                                                                                                       colony or nest site.
                 2. Actual deployment of equipment depends on the historical use                              - Primary boundary for solitary Piping Plovers is
                 boundaries of the habitat area and project timing.                                           the nest itself.
                         a. Set up on-shore equipment before the birds' arrival.                              - Primary boundary for a tern colony is a line that
                         Timing will be variable and depends on weather and bird                              includes all nests on the periphery of the colony.
                         species. Generally, equipment should be set up in March.                             - Buffer zone boundary is 200-800 feet from the
                         No equipment set up should occur once birds have arrived.                            primary boundary, depending on site topography,
                         b. Pipelines should be located at least 200 feet away from                           and should be maximized wherever possible.
                         habitat boundaries whenever possible.                                         c. Select appropriate fencing material and erect it along
                         c.   Pipelines may be located along historical habitat                        the buffer zone boundary (See Section 5.2.4).
                         boundaries provided that extra care is    taken to check all




                                                                                                                                                         PAGE 31








                5.4 Environmental Degradation and Predation                                   following information on assessing and reducing predation are
                                                                                              taken from Buckley & Buckley (1978).
                Degradat.*----         "@Ps with litter and food scraps attracts
                scavenger-predatuis ,           -@r and tern nesting areas. Eggs,             Indications of excessive predation, by either native or non-native
                chicks, and occasionally, adult plovers and terns are killed, and             predators include:
                may be eaten, by these animals. Controlling beach litter reduces                       - large numbers of punctured eggs;
                attraction of potential predators to these areas. Garbage cans on                      - large numbers of broken eggs with yolk inside
                beaches should be located away from nesting areas and should be                        (unhatched eggs);
                emptied and cleaned (deodorized) frequently.           Beaches near                    - partially eaten or dismembered adults or young;
                nesting areas should be routinely patrolled for litter. Educational                    - large numbers of uneaten, dead chicks;
                materials should inform beach users of the hazards of litter and                       - large numbers of displaced or missing eggs;
                food scraps.                                                                           - sudden appearance of empty nests previously containing
                                                                                                       eggs;and,
                Garbage from nearby residences increases the amount of food                            - tracks, scats, or other signs of predator species.
                available to potential predators, and increasing the predator
                population in the area. An increased number of predators are                  Native predators include a number of bird and mammal species.
                likely to result in an increase in losses of eggs and chicks.                 Control of these animals should only be conducted when it is
                Garbage cans should be tightly covered and kept within                        determined that excessive predation is occurring or when
                scavenger-proof enclosures. Garbage bags, which can be ripped                 endangered species are threatened.         Ideally, the species and
                open by animals, should not be left unattended for pick-up.                   individual responsible for mortality should be determined. DEC
                Regular patrols by municipal or private sanitation crews should be            must provide a nuisance wildlife permit before any protected or
                made to pick up roadside litter and trash. If household food                  game species may be trapped; suitable sites for release of live
                scraps are added to backyard compost piles, provisions to exclude             animals are often difficult to find. Never release animals without
                scavengers should be made. Intentional and unintentional feeding              permission of the landowner.
                of potential predators (gulls, raccoons, skunks, foxes, weasels, etc.)
                should be discouraged.                                                        Sometimes, electric fences and physical exclosures can be used
                                                                                              successfully to deter predators, although these are generally only
                Predation by native species is a natural process that should only be          effective in protecting eggs in nests. Once eggs hatch, plover
                interfered with when it reaches excessive proportions. Conversely,            chicks are highly mobile and do not stay within a fenced area.
                predation by non-native animals should be controlled as soon as it            Attempts to reduce gull predation in tern colonies by stringing
                is detected, regardless of its intensity. Upon observing any                  monofilament fishing line from post to post several feet above the
                mortality due to predation, the identity of the predator should be            ground has had success elsewhere. It may be appropriate to test
                determined, either by observations in the field or analysis of kills          this method at selected Long Island colonies suffering significant
                by a wildlife biologist or veterinarian with appropriate experience.          predation by gulls or owls. All predator control efforts must be
                Determination of the presence of predators before the onset of the            approved and supervised by a DEC biologist.
                breeding season facilitates a successful control program. The




                PAGE 32









                Non-native predators include domestic dogs and cats, rats, and                material to increase elevation of the site or removal of erosion-
                domesticated animals that have been allowed to become wild. If                inducing structures may be the only alternatives to this problem,
                their presence is confirmed, these threats should be controlled or            since the birds do not appear to adapt in these cases. Follow-up
                removed whenever conditions and local laws allow. Norway and                  monitoring should be conducted to see if any corrective actions
                black rats can be controlled by poisoning, trapping, and burrow               make birds more or less likely to attempt to nest at the site and to
                destruction, preferably by a licensed exterminator under the                  measure their reproductive success if they do attempt nesting.
                supervision of a wildlife biologist. If rats are confirmed at a site,
                the control program should be conducted prior to arrival of birds.            Other colonies are lost to flooding in unusually high tides or storm
                                                                                              surges. Given the environment that these birds must nest in, very
                Feral dogs and cats should be eradicated by any acceptable                    few sites are safe from this kind of flooding. High waters may
                method. Laws governing unleashed pets must be strictly enforced,              occur only once every several years, and birds may attempt
                particularly within one-half mile of colonies or nest sites.                  renesting at the same site after waters recede. Attempts to prevent
                                                                                              sporadic flooding would probably result in greater disturbance to
                5.5 Vegetation Succession                                                     the habitat and birds than the flooding itself, and generally should
                Vegetation succession eventually leads to reduced suitability of              not be undertaken.
                nesting sites for all but Roseate Terns.         The quality of an            6.0 Existing Public Agency Responsibilities
                excessively vegetated site can be improved by manual (using hand              for Natural Resource Management
                tools) or mechanical (using tractors and bulldozers) removal of
                vegetation.    Excessive vegetation may also be covered using                 Many government agencies have overlapping responsibilities and
                suitable dredged material or sandy material from other sources.               jurisdictions for management and regulation of activities on Long
                Manipulation of designated tidal wetlands requires a DEC permit.              Island's coast.   This section provides an introduction to the
                                                                                              different agencies along with brief descriptions of their
                5.6 Flooding                                                                  responsibilities. Material presented in this chapter is adapted from
                                                                                              New York's Eastern Lake Ontario Sand Dunes: Resources,
                Loss of tern colonies and plover nests from flooding is due to                Problems, and Manaitement Guidelines (DOS, 1989).
                several reasons. Unfortunately, birds often select low-lying areas
                that are likely to be flooded during a "normal" monthly high tide.            6.1 Federal Agencies
                Why birds do this is unknown. They may be returning to a site
                used successfully in previous years that has subsequently lost                Army Corps of Engineers (COE)
                elevation to erosion. They may be young, inexperienced birds
                who are inexperienced at selecting nest sites. Or, these birds may            All of Long Island falls within jurisdiction of the New York
                be selecting these sites as the best available habitat due to factors         District of the Corps of Engineers, which is headquartered in New
                which make other seemingly suitable areas unsuitable to them,                 York City. Under provisions of federal laws (Section 10 of the
                such as presence of predators or humans. In any case, these                   River and Harbor Act of 1899; Section 404 of the Clean Water
                situations seem to occur every season. Deposition of dredge                   Act; and, Section 103 of the Marine Protection, Research and




                                                                                                                                                        PAGE 33








                 Sanctuaries Act), the COE regulates structures in or affecting                Department of the Interior (DOI)
                 navigable waters of the United States and reviews and issues
                 permits for excavation or deposition of materials in navigable                The Department of the Interior includes: the National Park Service
                 waters. The COE is also responsible for evaluating applications               (NPS), which manages Gateway National Recreation Area,
                 for Department of the Army permits to deposit dredged and/or fill             Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Fire Island National
                 material into waters of the U.S., including adjacent wetlands. In             Seashore; and, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), which manages
                 general, a permit must be received from the COE for filling                   Seatuck and Morton National Wildlife Refuges. Under the federal
                 wetlands and navigable waters, placement of structures in                     Endangered Species Act, FWS is responsible for identifying
                 navigable waters, and dredging and disposal of dredged material.              species whose populations are at dangerously low levels, such as
                 The COE is also responsible for Federal navigation projects                   the Piping Plover (threatened), Least Tern (threatened), and
                 specifically authorized by Acts of Congress.                                  Roseate Tern (endangered) and preparing and implementing
                                                                                               recovery plans to restore the populations of these species. FWS
                 On Long Island, the COE plays a major role      in the protection of          reviews plans for all federal actions, including insuance of COE
                 beach-nesting shorebirds since COE permits      are required for all          permits, that might affect listed species to ensure that the species
                 public and private dredging activities, including maintenance of              and their habitats will not be jeopardized by the actions. FWS
                 boating channels, structures in or over wetlands, and fill in or              agents will respond to reports of harrassment or taking of any
                 adjacent to the water, including depostion of dredged materials.              federally protected species. FWS has delegated the authority to
                 Any such activity failing at or below the high spring tide line               issue permits to individuals who conduct research or management
                 requires a COE permit. The COE is also directly responsible for               activities that affect federally listed species to staff of the New
                 construction and maintenance of inlet jetties, canals, navigation             York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
                 channels, major groin fields, and beach nourishment for hurricane
                 and storm protection.
                 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)                                         National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
                                                                                               NOAA is a branch of the US Department of Commerce that
                 EPA is the primary federal agency responsible for administering               administers the federal Coastal Zone Management Program,
                 and enforcing federal environmental laws such as the Clean Water              authorized by the federal Coastal Zone Management Act. This
                 Act and National Environmental Policy Act. Long Island is under               federal program transfers jurisdiction to the New York State
                 the jurisdiction of the Region 11 office of EPA, located in New               Coastal Management Program, which is administered by the NYS
                 York City. EPA reviews all COE permits for dredging and                       Department of State. Under this program, the State gains the
                 construction of coastal structures and has the authority to veto              authority to review all federal actions affecting the State's coastal
                 issuance of permits if environmental standards are not met. EPA               zone. No federal permit can be issued by a federal agency, unless
                 can take enforcement actions against unauthorized activities,                 the state agrees through its coastal management program. Direct
                 impose civil fines, and seek criminal penalties.                              federal actions such as federal navigation channel dredging, beach
                                                                                               nourishment, or inlet maintenance also must be consistent with the
                                                                                               State's coastal policies.





                 PAGE 34








                  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)                                      authorize protection and regulation of use and development of
                                                                                                  freshwater and tidal wetlands. Any activities resulting in a loss of
                  FEMA administers the National Flood Insurance Program.                          wetlands or impairment of their functions and benefits require a
                                                                                                  DEC permit. Buffer areas up to 100 feet from the wetland for
                  6.2 State Agencies                                                              freshwater wetlands and 300 feet from the wetland for tidal
                                                                                                  wetlands are included in the protected and regulated areas.
                  Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)                                  Provisions of the tidal wetlands law provide some degree of
                                                                                                  protection for almost all plover and tern nesting areas, which
                  DEC's Region I office in Stony Brook has responsibility for                     normally occur within 300 feet of the "littoral zone" (shoreline);
                  resource management and regulatory review for Nassau and                        enforcement, however, is variable. Maps of designated freshwater
                  Suffolk Counties, and Region I staff work closely with DEC's                    and tidal wetlands are maintained at DEC's Region I office at
                  headquarters Non-Game and Endangered Species Units. DEC                         Stony Brook.
                  Region I staff manage two sites used by Long Island's beach-
                  nesting birds and conduct periodic nesting surveys in all colonies.             The state's Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Act empowers DEC to
                  DEC's Region 2 office in New York City has similar                              identify and map coastal erosion hazard areas and adopt
                  responsibilities on Long Island in Queens and Brooklyn.                         regulations to control certain activities and development in these
                                                                                                  areas; regulatory authority may be delegated to municipalities that
                  The state's Endangered Species Act authorizes DEC to           list and         develop comparable programs. Maps have been filed for all of
                  protect "endangered" and "threatened" species. DEC's Division of                Long Island and can be viewed at DEC's Region I (Nassau and
                  Fish and Wildlife is responsible for identifying and listing these              Suffolk Counties) and Region 2 (Brooklyn and Queens) Offices or
                  species and reviewing state permits for activities that might impact            at all included municipal (town and village) offices. The City of
                  them. DEC lists Piping Plovers, Least Terns, and Roseate Terns                  New York has declined to develop its own program and relies on
                  as "endangered" and Common Terns as "threatened." Although the                  DEC's Region 2 Office to review and issue permits in erosion
                  authority of the state to protect habitats of state-listed species, as          hazard areas. All towns except for the Town of East Hampton and
                  opposed to just the organisms themselves, under the state's                     some villages have assumed local regulatory jurisdiction; DEC
                  Endangered Species Act has never been tested, some DEC staff                    currently has regulatory authority in the Town of East Hampton.
                  believe that authority exists; others interpret the Endangered                  Coastal erosion hazard areas include "structural hazard areas,"
                  Species Act as only authorizing protection of the organisms                     which are receding at an average rate of one foot or more per
                  themselves. Even if the limited interpretation of the Endangered                year, and "natural protective feature areas," which include
                  Species Act were correct, the authority to protect habitats is very             beaches, dunes, sandbars, spits, shoals, barrier bays, barrier
                  clear under the Coastal Management Program, which is available                  islands, bluffs, and wetlands. Construction or placement of a
                  to all State agencies. DEC reviews and issues all permits to                    structure, or any action or use of land that significantly alters the
                  researchers and land managers whose work affects these beach-                   condition of the land, requires an erosion area permit. Specific
                  nesting birds in NYS.                                                           consideration of habitat values and presence of vulnerable species
                                                                                                  is included under this act, and technically could be used to control
                  The state's Freshwater Wetlands Act and Tidal Wetlands Act                      many acitivities that currently threaten these resources.




                                                                                                                                                              PAGE 35








                Under the state's Classification of Waters Program and pursuant              database listing all known occurrences of rare species (plants and
                to the federal Clean Water Act, New York has classified its coastal          animals) and unusual or exemplary natural communities in New
                waters and r. @         treams, lakes, and ponds according to                York State. All occurrences are mapped on topographic maps.
                consderations of best u-,     ' has adopted water quality standards          This information is used by DEC and other agencies in the
                for each class of waters. Classifications are used by DEC in                 regulatory review process to avoid issuing permits that would
                issuing permits to industrial and commercial users for effluent              destroy or degrade these areas.
                discharge into surface waters. Under the State Pollutant Discharge
                Eliminations System (SPEDES), DEC regulates discharges into the              Department of State (DOS)
                state's surface and ground waters from all industrial, commercial,
                and municipal users as well as those from residential subdivisions           DOS, through its Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront
                of five or more lots.                                                        Revitalization, administers New York State's Coastal Management
                                                                                             Program (CMP), which is located in the Department's Albany
                Whenever a state permit is required or when certain applications             offices.
                to town boards for zoning variances, for example, are submitted,
                a comprehensive review of environmental impacts of the action is             Authority for CMP was established by the state Waterfront
                required by the State Environmental Quality Review Act                       Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act of 1981, which
                (SEQRA). SEQRA provides guidelines for determining which                     recognized that one of the greatest obstacles to regulatory
                actions are likely to have a significant environmental impact (Type          protection of NY's coastal areas was lack of consistency and
                1), which triggers a more intensive review and may require                   coordination in enforcement of policies from one agency to
                production of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and those             another. The CMP has identified 44 coastal policies, which seek
                actions that are not likely to have a significant environmental              to balance resource protection and economic development in
                impact (Type 11) and do not need SEQRA review or an EIS.                     coastal areas, that must be consistently considered and adhered to
                SEQRA provides that any state agencies reviewing a Type I or                 regardless of the agency having lead responsibility, for all actioZ
                unlisted action occurring in the coastal area must comply with               regulated (requiring a permit), funded, or directly undertaken by
                standards of the state Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal                 federal or state agencies and local actions requiring SEQRA review
                Resources Act which includes specific provisions for the                     (except actions defined under SEQRA as Type 11 actions). DOS
                protection of designated habitats (see following description of              enforces these provisions unless the local municipality has
                Department of State responsibilities). SEQRA also authorizes the             prepared and implemented a DOS-approved Local Waterfront
                designation of "critical environmental areas" by the state or local          Revitalization Program, in which case the local municipality has
                governments; any unlisted action occurring wholly or partially               permitting and enforcement jurisdiction.
                within or substantially contiguous to any critical environmental
                area must be treated as a Type I action.                                     CMP has designated and mapped "significant coastal fish and
                                                                                             wildlife habitats," based on recommendations by DEC, within the
                The New York Natural Heritage Program (NYNHP), a joint effort                coastal zone; these areas are targeted for protection by the coastal
                of DEC and The Nature Conservancy, maintains offices with the                management consistency requirements. Significant habitats are
                Signficant Habitat Unit in Latham, NY. NYNHP maintains a                     those that 1) are essential to the survival of a large portion of a




                PAGE 36








                particular fish or wildlife population; 2) support a species listed as         jurisdiction, while many under water lands within bays and Long
                endangered, threatened, or of special concern in NYS; 3) support               Island Sound are under local trustee jurisdiction within the towns.
                fish or wildlife populations having significant commercial,
                recreational, or educational value; or 4) contain a type of habitat            Department of Health (DOH)
                not commonly found in NYS or a coastal region of the state. All
                sites which have demonstrated repeated use by the beach-nesting                DOH enforces public health laws and the State Sanitary Code and
                shorebirds considered in this report qualify for designation as                reviews and approves all water and sewer/septic permits for
                significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats.                                commercial uses and residential subdivisions. On Long Island,
                                                                                               authority to issue residential sewer/septic permits has been
                Under the federal consistency standards of the CZMA, no federal                delegated to county health departments, which also oversee water
                permit may be issued or direct federal action take place without               supply issues.
                the concurence of the State's CMP. Since the only direct authority
                for protection of habitats is contained in the CMP, the consistency            6.3 County, Town, and Municipal Agencies
                requirement has become a particularly powerful regulatory
                mechanism to achieve protection of beach-nesting shorebird                     Long Island comprises Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk
                habitats.                                                                      Counties. Kings and Queens Counties are within New York City
                                                                                               (boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively), and only Queens
                Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (OPRHP)                 currently has habitat for plovers and terns. All but one site are
                                                                                               federally owned and managed; the single privately owned site is
                OPRHP is responsible for maintaining a statewide system of parks               subject to NYC zoning and development regulations.
                and historic sites to meet the recreational needs of the people of
                New York State. The Long Island Regional Office oversees                       Nassau County comprises three townships: Hempstead, North
                management of several state parks on Long Island. Jones Beach,                 Hempstead, and Oyster Bay. Suffolk County includes the towns
                Gilgo, Robert Moses, Caumsett, Heckscher, Hither Hills,                        of Babylon, Islip, Brookhaven, Riverhead, Smithtown,
                Napeague, Montauk Point and Orient Beach State Parks are                       Huntington, Southampton, East Hampton, Shelter Island, and
                managed primarily for recreational use, although all contain                   Southold. Nassau and Suffolk County health departments issue
                significant habitats for beach-nesting birds.                                  permits for septic and sewer systems within their boundaries.
                                                                                               Town and village planning and zoning boards have primary
                Office of General Services (OGS)                                               oversight for development projects. Most municipalities now have
                                                                                               "natural resource conservation boards" or "wetlands boards" that
                OGS administers all state-owned      coastal lands below high tide.            participate in the review of any actions that might affect natural
                Under the Public Lands Law, most private uses of submerged land                resources. These boards make recommendations to their respective
                within the public domain require a grant, easement, or lease from              municipal planning boards.
                OGS. The Division of Land Utilization in the Albany OGS office
                administers this program. Lands under water or formally under                  As mentioned earlier, many municipalities have accepted
                water along the Atlantic Ocean are generally under State                       responsibility for reviewing actions proposed in coastal erosion




                                                                                                                                                         PAGE 37







                 hazard areas and issuing permits with appropriate restrictions.               devegetation of overgrown dredge spoil) within 300 feet of the
                 Most municipalities are also in the process of preparing local                shoreline require a DEC tidal wetlands permit. And many
                 waterfront revitalization plans under direction of the state's coastal        individuals do not realize that a DEC permit is needed to enter
                 managc                'In.   When these plans are approved,                   tern colonies or disturb plovers, even though the disturbance
                 municipalities win ha% - -.sponsibility for reviewing all state and           might only be the result of a nest count census. There is a clear
                 federal actions in the coastal zone to ensure their consideration             need for state and local regulators to be better informed of all
                 and adherence to the 44 coastal management consistency                        species and habitat protection laws.
                 requirements of the State's CMP.

                 Any projects proposed within 500 feet of a tidal estuary (usually
                 the shoreline) receive additional review by the Long Island
                 Regional Planning Office, which assesses adequacy of restrictions,
                 if any, imposed by municipal planning boards. Although the
                 Regional Planning Office may recommend different restrictions
                 or conditions than a municipal planning board, the municipal
                 board can overrule regional recommendations.

                 Nassau and Suffolk Counties and many towns, town trustees, and
                 villages own and manage important natural areas, including many
                 nesting areas for plovers and terns. They promulgate regulations
                 for use of these sites, many of which are recreational bathing
                 beaches and parks, and issue permits for ORV use. All provisions
                 of both the Coastal Erosion Hazard Area Act and Waterfront
                 Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act must be considered by
                 local offices managing these areas.



                 A problem that became obvious while preparing this section of the
                 report is the degree to which state and local regulators are
                 unfamiliar with state and local statutes, particularly those which
                 they, as individuals, are not charged with enforcing. For example,
                 many species-oriented DEC staff were unaware of the habitat
                 protection provisions of the Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas Act and
                 the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. Some
                 town staff were not aware that even beneficial activities (such as




                 PAGE 38








                 7.0 Site Narratives and Maps                                                  general location of interest, the index map provides rapid access
                                                                                               to the map number for habitat location and boundary details. A
                 These narratives and maps provide details about most known                    map and site name index is located on the back of each regional
                 nesting sites for Piping Plovers and Least, Common, and Roseate               map providing direct reference to each site description.
                 Terns on Long Island. Many organizations and individuals have
                 helped collect this data, most notably staff and volunteers of the            Site Descriptions and Maps
                 Seatuck Research Program, which publishes the annual Long
                 Island Piping Plover and Colonial Waterbird Survey. The Nature                The following section provides an explanation of the abbreviations
                 Conservancy's plover and tern stewards for 1988 used Seatuck's                and conventions used on the one-page site descriptions and the
                 data, along with that of DEC Region I and staff and volunteers of             separate maps contained in this chapter.
                 National Audubon Society and local chapters, to generate a
                 summary for each site and provided information on the general                 Most site names are those used by the New York Natural Heritage
                 location of nesting birds at each site.                                       Program (NYNHP) database as "survey" or "conservation" site
                                                                                               names. A comment notes the Seatuck Research Program's site
                 There may be active nest sites that are not included here because             name where it is different from the site name used in this report.
                 they were not reported to DEC, Seatuck, or The Nature                         Location information includes county, town, and village or other
                 Conservancy. Some new 1989 sites, without previous use, are not               "local" name.
                 included. In making land use decisions, a visit to the site in
                 question to assess the value of the site to plovers and terns should          NYS Department of Transportation topographic maps were used
                 be made by a qualified biologist, regardless of whether it is an              as the base for all mapping, and the code after each topographic
                 active site included in this report or not.                                   map name is a code assigned by NYNHP. Although these maps
                                                                                               are updated periodically, they are never absolutely current.
                 Chapter Organization                                                          Coastal landforms are dynamic, and many features that show up
                                                                                               on the maps no longer exist or have changed significantly.
                 The chapter is divided into six regions based on municipal
                 boundaries and the location of habitat sites as follows:                      Ownership indicates whether the site is publicly or privately
                                                                                               owned, and if the site falls within a designated "significant coastal
                         Queens and Nassau Counties;                                           fish and wildlife habitat," the Coastal Management Program's
                         Babylon, Islip, Huntington, and Smithtown;                            name for that site is listed.
                         Brookhaven and Riverhead;
                         Southampton;                                                          Species use information is presented in simple mnemonic code:
                         East Hampton; and,                                                           PP represents Piping Plovers;
                         Shelter Island and Southold.                                                 LT represents Least Terns;
                                                                                                      CT represents Common Terns;
                 Each region begins with an index map to scale which includes an                      RT represents Roseate Terns; and,
                 accurate set of numbered detail map overlays. By knowing the                         BS represents Black Skimmers.




                                                                                                                                                         PAGE 39








                A "-" means that official surveys were not conducted in those
                years; a "T' means that reports of numbers are unclear, so no data
                are reported. All ii- - -,-q are best estimates of individual adults,
                all of whom are potentia, .; eders, at the site.

                Site management comments are also purposefully made simple.
                Land use history was not investigated in detail for every site, but
                an attempt was made to note dredging history and to talk to
                individuals knowledgeable about each site. Protective measures
                taken at each site are noted, as are particularly postive aspects
                contributing to success of birds and threats, which may be current
                or potential problems contributing to low nesting success,

                Recommendations to protect habitats and improve nesting success
                are many and varied. In most cases, however, a qualified biologist
                should visit the site before any manipulative management is
                undertaken. In addition permits may be required if the site is
                currently functional habitat. Fencing and posting should be done
                by trained individuals, and no actions that will disturb birds may
                be undertaken without a permit from the NYS Department of
                Environmental Conservation's Non-Game Unit.


                The contacts listed are usually individuals with the most first-
                hand information about a particular site. In some cases, because
                of personnel turnover, an organization rather than an individual
                is listed.


                Maps showing general locations of each site are grouped in
                numerical order following site descriptions. In many cases, several
                sites are illustrated on a single map. In some cases, sites from
                adjacent townships occur on a single map; in these instances, a
                duplicate map is located under the region containing the adjacent
                municipality. A dashed line on a map is used when tern colonies
                moved within a site from one year to the next. This dashed line
                represents the 1987 location of the colony. Otherwise, solid lines
                are used to designate nesting areas.




                PAGE 40














                                                                                                                           CT











                                            NJ












                                                                     . . . . . .. . . . . .
                                                                                                                                            Miles

                                                                                                                  0     5    10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4



                                                                                                                   Figure 7. Regional map depicting distribution of sh
                                                                                                                   habitat and location of detail maps contained in SOC


                                           NJ














































                                                                                                                                                                                                     Nii





                                               .... .. . ...





                QUEENS                                                                          Map No. 7
                Map No. I                                                                           Cedar Creek Park      ..........................          64
                    Breezy Point NPS    ...........................           45                    Olivers Island    .............................           65
                    Breezy Point Cooperative     .....................        46                    Cuba Island    ...............................            66

                Map No. 2                                                                       Map No. 8
                    Sii-vc, Hu,,     s.. .........................            47                    South Green Sedge Island     .....................        67
                    Subway Island    .....     ......................         48                    Pearsalls Hassock     ..........................          68
                    Jo Co Marsh    ..............................             49                    East Channel Islands     ........................         69
                    East High Meadow     ..........................           50                    Lawrence Marsh     ............................           70
                    Duck Creek Marsh     ..........................           51                    North Green Sedge Island     .....................        71
                                                                                                    Three Cornered Hassock      ......................        72
                NORTH HEMPSTEAD                                                                 Map No. 9
                Map No. 3                                                                           Deep Creek Meadow       .........................         73
                    Plum Point    ................................            52                    Zachs Bay     ................................            74

                HEMPSTEAD                                                                       Map No. 10
                                                                                                    Middle Line Island      .........................         75
                Map No. 4                                                                           Neds Island    ...............................            76
                    Silver Point Jelly   ...........................          53                    North Line Island    ...........................          77
                    Ocean Beach Club     ..........................           54
                Map No. 5                                                                       OYSTER BAY
                    Lido Beach Town Park      .......................         55                Map No. I I
                    Lido Beach Town House Site       ..................       56                    Tilled Log Island    ...........................          78
                    Nassau Beach   ..............................             57                    Islands NW of Tobay Tower       ...................       79
                    Gull Island   ................................            58                    Jones Beach Parking Lot 9      ....................       80
                    North Cinder Island    .........................          59
                                                                                                Map No. 12
                Map No. 6                                                                           Islands East of West Island     ...................       81
                    Point Lookout  ..............................             60
                    Short Beach West End      .......................         61
                    Short Beach West End 2      ......................        62
                    Short Beach West End I      ......................        63







                PAGE 44






                    Breezy Point NPS                                                                                                          SEE MAP NO. I



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Queens, Rockaway, Breezy Point.
              Map Quad: Coney Island, 4007358.
              Directions: Located 3 miles west-southwest of the Marine Parkway Bridge, at western tip of Rockaway Point, including north and south beaches.
              Owner: US National Park Service (Gateway National Recreation Area).
              Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP             -         8       10        10        30         25         40         34

             LT            550      377       109      132        200        215        400       235

             CT             -        -         0        2          0          0         35         70


              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT.
              Land use history: No dredging.
              Protection: Cable-fenced, posted and monitored by NPS. Meryl Goldin of the University of Massachusetts began a 4-year study of piping plovers
            at the site in 1988.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service. Good productivity of least terns, largest concentrations of nesting piping
            plovers and least terns on Long Island. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Recreational use restricted to fishing.
              Threats: ORVs, predation (feral cats), pets (cats and dogs) and recreation (foot traffic).
              Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
            speeds. Implement predator control. Restrict foot traffic during piping plover nesting season. Restrict pets and educate owners, ORV users, and
            public about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. #1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.










                                                                                                                                                      PAGE45







                    Breezy Point Cooperative                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. I



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Queens, Rockaway, Breezy Point.
              Map Quad: Coney Island, 4007358.
              Directions: Located 2 miles west-southwest of the Marine Parkway Bridge, on south beach of Rockaway Point, adjacent to and northeast of
            National Park Service's Breezy Point Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area.
              Owner: Private
              Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             P13           -         -        -         -         -          -          14         30

             LT                                                                         108        154

              Comments:    The numbers of birds observed were     previously included in the Breezy Point NPS site, however the differences in management
            between these sites makes it necessary to separate them.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No dredging.
              Protection: The homeowners' cooperative has not responded to TNC requests to fence, post and monitor site, so the birds nesting here have not
            been protected.
              Positive aspects: Good numbers of least terns and piping plovers attempted nesting in 1988.
              Threats: Recreation, ORVs, pets (dogs) and potential development. Beach-cleaning vehicles and equipment used by homeowner's association
            destroys nests and eggs.
              Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Obtain permission from the homeowners' cooperative to monitor and protect the
            colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate residents, ORV users, and public about beach-nesting birds.
            Restrict or mitigate development.
              Contacts: Don Riepe, Gateway National Recreation Area, Floyd Bennett Field, Bldg. #69, Brooklyn, NY 11234, (718) 934-2484.











            PAGE 46








                   Silver Hole Marsh                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 2




            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
              Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
              Directions: East of Cross Bay Blvd., southern part of island system.
              Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
              Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
              Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982    1983     1984    1985       1986      1987      1988     1989

             CT           -       -       440      780       355       478       565       185




              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: Posted and patrolled.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
              Threats: Flooding, predation, and vandalism are potential threats.
              Recommendations:
              Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. 01, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.

















                                                                                                                                          PAGE 47






              Subway Island                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 2



         LOCATION:
          County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
          Map (@-'` -    -'-away, 4007357.
          Directions: East ui -r( Rty Blvd., southern part of island system.
          Owner: US National Park Set-vice (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
          Significant coastal habitat. Proposed for designation.

         SPECIES USE:
          Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
          Nest substrate: Sand.
          History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                   1982   1983   1984   1985    1986    1987    1988    1989
         CT         -      -      54     0       0       0        0      ?
         BS                       14     2       0       0        0      ?

          Comments:

         SITE MANAGEMENT:
          Land use history: Unknown.
          Protection: Posted, fenced, and patrolled.
          Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
          Threats: Flooding, predation, recreation, and vandalism are potential threats.
          Recommendations:
          Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. *1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.














         PAGE 48







                  Jo Co Marsh                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 2



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
             Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
             Directions: East of Cross Bay Blvd., end of runway at JFK Airport.
             Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
             Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
             Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           -        -       314     820       575       558       255       196



             Comments: 1985 count was a partial adult count.

           SITE MANAGEMENT.
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: Posted and patrolled.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
             Threats: Flooding, predation, and vandalism are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. #1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.
















                                                                                                                                        PAGE 49







                 East High Meadow                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 2



          LOCATION:
            Cour@'             "ov: Queens, NYC
            Map Qu4,A.  Far . @k_ ka,. '@()07357.
            Directions: West of JFK Ai.@;ort
            Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
            Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
            Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987     1988      1989

           CT           -       -       120      30        -        160       255       -



            Comments: 1985 count was a partial adult count.

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: Posted and patrolled.
            Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
            Threats: Flooding, predation, and vandalism are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. *1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.
















          PAGE 50







                  Duck Creek Marsh                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 2



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Queens, NYC
             Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
             Directions: Directly west of end of runway at JFK Airport.
             Owner: US National Park Service (Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge)
             Significant coastal habitat: Proposed for designation.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater non-barrier island
             Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           -        -       22       0         60        40       0         0




             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: Posted and patrolled.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. National Park Service.
             Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Dave Avrin, Gateway National Recreation Area, Breezy Point Unit, Fort Tilden Bldg. #1, Rockaway, NY 11695, (718) 849-9142.
















                                                                                                                                        PAGE 51







                   Plum Point                                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 3



           LOCATION:
              County, Town, L           Nassau, North Hempstead, Sands Point.
              Map Quad: Sea &4f','4u,:-?76.
              Directions: Site located on the peninsula on the north side of Manhasset Bay, opposite and north of Great Neck.
              Owner: Private.
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             LT            0        0         0        0          0           10        85         27



              Comments: This "young colony" may be absorbing nesting least terns that are not using the traditional, north shore colony sites such as Eatons
           Neck and Sand City.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No known dredging.
              Protection: Area is closed to public and to protection efforts by TNC or other organizations. Security guard employed by private owners in 1988.
              Positive aspects: Good productivity by least terns. Relatively low recreation use due to remote location and posting by owner of no trespassing
           signs.
              Threats: Development (five lots have been proposed for the area),
              Recommendations: Expand the Manhasset Bay significant coastal habitat area to include this site. Restrict or mitigate development, or arrive
           at an agreement with developers to protect the colony in future breeding seasons. The proposed locations of the five units do not (directly) conflict
           with the nesting of least terns as seen in both 1987 and 1988.
              Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Theodore Roosevelt Bird Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon Society, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-
           3200.















           PAGE 52







                    Silver Point Jetty                                                                                                         SEE MAP NO. 4


            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Atlantic Beach.
              Map Quad: Far Rockaway, 4007357.
              Directions: At westernmost tip of Long Beach, located within Silver Point Park, east of the jetty, and southwest of the Sun and Surf Club.
              Owner: Nassau County (Silver Point County Park).
              Significant coastal habitat: Silver Point Beach.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984     1985        1986      1987       1988       1989

             PP            -         4        14        6          6          6          6          4

             LT            40        17       70        32         64        107        74          87


              Comments:

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No dredging history.
              Protection: String-fenced, posted, and monitored by volunteers from the Village of Atlantic Beach, TNC, and Town of Hempstead. Sun and
            Surf Club also snow-fenced the eastern end of colony. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Leased by Sun and Surf Club. Town residents propose to have the area designated as a bird sanctuary. Good predictability of
            nesting activity between years. Good productivity of least terns and piping plovers.
              Threats: Pets (dogs) and recreation.
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Silver Point Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
            Designate area as a bird sanctuary. Restrict pets and educate owners, public, and residents about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY H 569,
            (516) 431-9200. Brigitte Braff, Commissioner of Environmental Conservation, Village of Atlantic Beach, 65 The Plaza, Atlantic Beach, NY 11509,
            (516) 371-4779.













                                                                                                                                                      PAGE 53







                  Ocean Beach Club                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 4




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Qu-' '      ---e, 4007356.
             Directions: Lot."-    -nlith side of Long Beach, approximately 1.5 miles east of Atlantic Beach Bridge.
             Owner: Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            PP           -       0        0        0         0         ?         2         4



             Comments: No successful breeding in 1988. Exact area used for nesting is unclear.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects: Unknown.
             Threats: Predation is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.
















           PAGE 54







                    Lido Beach Town Park                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 5


            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Lido Beach.
              Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
              Directions: Located on south shore of Long Beach, about 1 1/2 miies west of the Loop Parkway Bridge, just west of the Lido Beach Town House
            complex, accessed from Lido Beach Blvd.
              Owner: Town of Hempstead.
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984      1985      1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP            -         0        0         6          1         2         10          9

             LT                      -        -         0         0          0         22         67

              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT.
              Land use history: None.
              Protection: Individual nests string-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead. Sites protected on eastern and western sides by snow
            fence placed on the beach by Town of Hempstead for dune enhancement. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Hempstead.
              Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
              Recommendations: Designate area as significant coastal habitat or include it in the adjacent, Nassau Beach habitat. Continue to monitor and
            protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
            (516) 431-9200.














                                                                                                                                                    PAGE55







                    Lido Beach Town House Site                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 5


            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Lido Beach.
              Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
              DirecOp- '@ -, - -4 nn south shore of Long Beach, about 1 1/2 miles west of the Loop Parkway Bridge, just west of Nassau Beach County Park,
            and just east of Liu,,       Town Park, accessed from Lido Blvd.
              Owner: Unknown.
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP            -         -         -        -           -          -          2          ?

             LT                                                                -          22         ?

              Comments:    Least tern nesting first recorded at this site in 1988. Some of the adults that later joined the initial nesters may have migrated from
            the nearby Nassau Beach tern colony, which faltered, apparently due to predation.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No dredging.
              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead. Volunteers coordinated by TNC. Town of Hempstead also prohibited
            the Town House complex from grooming the beach where the colony was located.
              Positive aspects: High productivity of least terns. Owner has given Town of Hempstead permission to protect the site.
              Threats: Recreation (foot traffic), ORV traffic, beach-grooming and pets (dogs).
              Recommendations: Expand the Nassau Beach significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
            arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Continue to restrict beach grooming during breeding season. Restrict pets and educate owners, ORV
            users, and public about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
            (516) 431-9200.












            PAGE 56








                     Nassau Beach                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 5



             LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Nassau Beach County Park.
               Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
               Directions: Located on the south shore of Long Beach, about I mile west of the Loop Parkway Bridge, just east of Lido Beach Town House
             complex, and just west of the Nassau Beach county facilities, accessed from Lido Blvd.
               Owner: Nassau County (Nassau Beach County Park).
               Significant coastal habitat: Nassau Beach.

             SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983     1984      1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

              PP            -         2        4         0          1         2          2          2

              LT           114       163      107        0          6         42        54         17

               Comments:


             SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: No dredging.
               Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Nassau County. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Good predictability of nesting
             activity between years.
               Threats: Predators (possibly rats, raccoons, gulls and/or neighborhood cats) and advancing vegetational succession.
               Recommendations: Maintain as part of Nassau Beach significant coastal habitat. Expand this designated area to include the beaches located
             immediately south, beaches that are used by piping plovers from this colony. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Implement
             predator control. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
             (516) 431-9200.













                                                                                                                                                     PAGE 57







                  Gull Island                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 5


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
             Directions: North of Lido Beach.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: Middle Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwatet, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           84     204      250      222       138       100       57         12



             Comments: Parsonage Island is a subcolony.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Part of site is vegetated dredge spoil.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















           PAGE 58








                   North Cinder Island                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 5




           LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
              Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
              Directions: North of Lido Beach.
              Owner: Town of Hempstead.
              Significant coastal habitat: Middle Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
              Nest substrate- Grass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

             CT          518     536      396     324       554       778       712       750



              Comments: Cinder Island is a subcolony.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: None.
              Positive aspects:
              Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
              Recommendations:
              Contacts: John Zatudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.
















                                                                                                                                        PAGE59







                   Point Lookout                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 6



           LOCATION:
              County,                   Nassau, Hempstead, Point Lookout.
              Map Quad: Joneb tiiuc,       'y 55.
              Directions: Located directly south of the Loop Parkway Bridge on the south shore of Long Beach, extending east past three jetties to the western
           shore of Jones Inlet.
              Owner: Town of Hempstead.
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and intertidal beaches and mudflats.
              Nest substrate: Piping plovers, regularly seen feeding at mudflats on Jones Inlet and on eastern portions of the town beach, did not nest.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP            -        -        -         -          -          0          6          2

             LT            0        0        0         0         0          44          0         17

              Comments: Piping plovers observed in 1988 were feeding or loafing, no nesting was observed. 1987 colony of least terns failed, suspected raccoon
           or rat predation.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: None.
              Protection: String-fenced by Town of Hempstead in 1987. No nesting birds present in 1988.
              Positive aspects: Town park owned and managed by Town of Hempstead.
              Threats: Beach erosion, recreation (foot traffic), ORV traffic and predation (rats and raccoons).
              Recommendations: Designate area as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
           or limit speeds. Implement predator control as necessary. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.














           PAGE 60







                    Short Beach West End                                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 6


            LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Short Beach.
               Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
               Directions: Westernmost tip of Jones Beach and east shore of Jones Inlet, including beaches on both the north and south shores of the island tip,
            as well as the jetty area.
               Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
               Significant coastal habitat: West End, Jones Beach State Park.

            SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and intertidal beaches and mudflats.
               Nest substrate: Sand.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             Pp             -         0        0         3          0          0         19         19

             LT             0         0        -         0          0          0         131         0

             CT           2000      1000      460      800          22        56         45        225

             BS            250      250       260      112          0          0          0          0

               Comments: Most numbers prior to 1987 represent birds in the now-abandoned roadway loop colony, and do not include the inlet area. Now birds
            nest in the area shown on the map. Common terns that could nest here may now use the Jones Beach West End I site, located about a mile east of
            here. Includes Seatuck sites Jones Beach Inlet and Short Beach, West End 2.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history. None.
               Protection: TNC string-fenced, posted and monitored individual Piping Plover nest sites. The common tern colony was not fenced.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Good numbers of piping plovers. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles.
            Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
               Threats: Probable predation (gulls) and unknown other problems caused low chick survivorship and fledging for piping plovers.
               Recommendations: Maintain as part of West End, Jones Beach State Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to protect nest sites as birds arrive.
            Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Monitor newly hatched piping plovers to ascertain reasons for low survivorship. Implement predator exclosures.
            Educate public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: David Mizrahi, 9 Northcote Rd., Westbury, NY 11590, (516) 334-4398 regarding inlet area. Dr. Carl Safina, NAS, 306 S. Bay Ave.,
            Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289 regarding former roadway loop colony.







                                                                                                                                                       PAGE 61







                   Short Beach West End 2                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 6


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Jones Beach.
             Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
             Directions: Located at the east end of Jones Beach West End 2 parking lot, about 1/2 of a mile west of the junction between the Meadowbrook
           and Ocean Parkwivs. Also just southwest of Jones Beach West End I parking lot, all of these places well marked with state signs.
             Owner: N kS Uk.., , Of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
             Significant coastal habil.... - Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983      1984     1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

            PP            -        0         0        0          0          0          4          6

            LT                      -        -        -          -          -         124         0

             Comments: This area is just southwest of Jones Beach West End 1, and provides a large amount of suitable piping plover habitat. The least terns
           at this colony probably nested at the West End I colony in previous years, and this colony should be considered a subcolony of West End 1. Least
           terns first nested at this site in 1988.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No dredging.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Audubon. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Good productivity by both piping plovers and least terns. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles. Relatively low
           recreational use due to remote location (about 1/2 of a mile from the heavily used areas of Jones Beach West End).
             Threats: Predation (gulls), recreation and ORV traffic.
             Recommendations: Expand Short Beach, Jones Beach State Park significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect
           the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Continue to restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Implement
           predator control (exclosures).
             Contacts: Dave Mizrahi, 9 Northcote Rd., Westbury, NY 11590, (516) 334-4398. Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave.,
           Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.











           PAGE 62







                   Short Beach West End 1                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 6


            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Jones Beach.
              Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
              Directions: Located on the southern, southeastern, and southwestern sides of parking lot at Jones Beach West End 1, about 1/2 mile west of the
            junction between the Meadowbrook and Ocean Parkways.
              Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
              Significant coastal habitat: Short Beach, Jones Beach State Park.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         282       1983     1984     1985       1986       1987      1988       1989
             PP            -         0        0        2          2         10         4          4

             LT            0         0        -      210        250        112        84         34

             CT            -         -        0        0        550       3846       4882      4768

             RT                               0        0          0         4         28          2

             BS                               0        0        400        406        296       680

              Comments:   Jones Beach West End I began as a least tern colony in 1985. In 1986, the common tern colony from the nearby Short Beach West
            End site was abandoned, and its terns began nesting here at West End I and have continued to nest here. In 1988, least terns from this West End
            I colony established a subcolony just southwest, called Jones Beach West End 2.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Recreational bathing beach. No dredging history.
              Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted, and monitored by National Audubon Society and TNC. Volunteers coordinated by South Shore
            Audubon and TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Jones Beach State Park; administration has been very effective in carrying out Audubon protection plan.
            Good productivity by all species. Good predictability of nesting activity year to year.
              Threats: Predation (gulls), recreation, and ORV patrols by law enforcement personnel unaware of birds.
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Short Beach, Jones Beach State Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect colony
            as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures). Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORVs and limit speeds.
              Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.






                                                                                                                                                  PAGE 63







                  Cedar Creek Park                                                                                                       SEE MAP NO. 7



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Seaford.
             Map Quad: Freeport, 4007365.
             Directions: On a peninsula east of Wantagh Parkway and south of Merrick Road in Seaford, about 1/2 of a mile south of the water treatment
           plant, well marked by a sign on Merrick Road.
             Owner: Nassau County (Cedar Creek County Park).
             Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Creek County Park.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil and sand/tar.
             History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982      1983     1984     1985       1986      1987       1988      1989

            LT            0       140       70       96         80        94         62         0


             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT.
             Land use history: Dredging from Jones Inlet benefitted general navigation. Dredge spoil was deposited on this site as follows.

                    Approximately 6,000,000 cubic yards were dredged in 1969

             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Town of Hempstead.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Nassau County. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Good predictability of nesting
           activity between years.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, predation (unknown), recreation (nearby field used for flying motorized, model airplanes), and
           development (possible extension of park facilities or water treatment plant).
             Recommendations: Maintain as Cedar Creek County Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Implement predator control. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Restrict or
           mitigate development. Educate the public about nesting-birds.
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.










           PAGE 64








                   Olivers Island                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 7



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
              Map Quad: Freeport, 4007365.
              Directions: East of Wantaugh State Parkway, south of Bellmore.
              Owner: Town of Hempstead.
              Significant coastal habitat: East Hempstead Bay.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
              Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984    1985       1986       1987     1988       1989

             CT           -        -        34      160        96         133      110       132



              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: None.
              Positive aspects:
              Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
              Recommendations:
              Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
            (516) 431-9200.

















                                                                                                                                             PAGE 65







                  Cuba Island                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO.    7


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Freeport, 4007365.
             Direc' .'.        '7 Wantaugh State Parkway, island in East Bay.
             Owner: 'Town ot        -Pad.
             Significant coastal habita 7ast Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT          242      262      246     226       182       166       128       161



             Comments: Subcolonies include NE, NW, and SW.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















           PAGE 66





                  South Green Sedge Island                                                                                       SEE MAP NO. 8


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Lawrence, 4007356.
             Directions: North of Long Beach.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb- dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                        1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989
            CT           12       0        0       0         0         12       68         0



             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Some low, vegetated dredge spoil.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.
















                                                                                                                                        PAGE 67






                  Pearsalls Hassock                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 9


          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
            Map Quad- Lawrence, 4007356.
            Directions: North of Long Beach, west of Lawson Blvd.
            Owner: Town of Hempstead.
            Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

          SPECIES USL:
            Community type: Salmai-er, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Deciduous trees-shrubs-grass/sedge/rush/herb.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           4       16       36      174       90        44        38         8



            Comments: Subcolonies include Nurns Marsh and Hewlett Hassock. No known recent nesting actually on Pearsalls Hassock.

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: Posted.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Predation is a current threat; flooding is a potential threat.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box 1, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
          (516) 431-9200.

















          PAGE 68







                  East Channel Islands                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 8


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Lawrence, 4007356.
             Directions: South of Oceanside.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: Middle Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT          622      290     450      124       198       166       85       120



             Comments: Subcolonies include Garrett Marsh, north subcolony and south     subcolony.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Predation and flooding are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















                                                                                                                                       PAGE 69







                Lawrence Marsh                                                                                       SEE MAP No. 8



         LOCATION:
           County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
           Map                '4007356.
           Directi@;@_.' iA(_ 1_ - -7 Beach.
           Owner: Town of l4empsteau.
           Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

         SPECIES USE:
           Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
           Nest substrate: Deciduous trees.
           History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                     1982    1983   1984    1985     1986     1987     1988     1989

          CT           4      72     90      40       20       102      106      30



           Comments:

         SITE MANAGEMENT:
           Land use history: Unknown.
           Protection: None.
           Positive aspects:
           Threats: Unknown.
           Recommendations:
           Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
         (516) 431-9200.

















         PAGE 70






                  North Green Sedge Island                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 8


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Lawrence, 4007356.
             Directions: North of Long Beach.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Deciduous trees - shrubs- grass/sedge/rush/herb.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           106      78      26       38        88        30        10        20



             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Predation is a current threat; flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















                                                                                                                                         PAGE 71






                 Three Cornered Hassock                                                                                         SEE MAP NO. 8


          LOCATION:
            County, Town. Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
            Map Q(               4007356.
            Directions: NorLii       n-ach.
            Owner: Town of Hempstea---
            Significant coastal habitat: West Hempstead Bay.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989
           CT           -       -        0       0         0         0         25       150



                 Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
          (516) 431-9200.

















          PAGE 72






                  Deep Creek Meadow                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 9


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Jones Inlet, 4007355.
             Directions: West of Jones Beach Causeway.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: East Hempstead Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                        1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989
            CT           -       -        0       0         0         0         40        40



                  Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















                                                                                                                                        PAGE 73







                   Zachs Bay                                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 9


           LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead, Jones Beach.
              Map Quad: Jones Inlet and West Gilgo Beach, 4007355 and 4007354.
              Directions: Site located on western lobe of Zach's Bay, directly across   from Marine Theater of Jones Beach.
              Owner: IT"". , .' . - -f Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones     Beach State Park).
              Significant coastal habL    Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years        indicated.


                         1983     1984      1985      1986       1987       1988      1989

             PP            -        -        -          -         -          -          2



              Comments: New site for plovers in 1989, a late-nesting pair. May have been a renesting attempt after abandoning an earlier site. Seatuck calls
           this site Jones Beach, Zach's Bay.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No known dredging. Western portion of beach is used for swimming and sunbathing. Eastern end is rarely used, has remnants
           of old water fountains and concrete structure. South of beach is brick sidewalk and old playground. Nightly use of Jones Beach Marine Theater
           June through August.
              Protection: Nest site fenced and posted by TNC stewards.
              Positive aspects: New site for plovers in 1989.
              Threats: Expansion of bathing beach may force birds into unsuitable (over- vegetated) habitat to east.
              Recommendations: Limit bathers to westernmost portion of beach. Reduce cover of vegetation (grass) on eastern portion.
              Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289. Long Island Chapter of The Nature
           Conservancy, 250 Lawrence Hill Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, (516) 367-3225.














           PAGE 74






                  Middle Line Island                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 10


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
             Directions: North of Jones Beach State Park.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                        1982     1983     1984    1985       1986      1987      1988      1989
            CT           238     226      122      280       352        532       418       335



             Comments: Subcolonies include Black Banks Island and South Line Islands.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Sewer outlall line extends diagonally through the east sector of the island.
             Protection: Periodic patrols.
             Positive aspects: Sections of sewer outfall backfill have been beneficial to shorebirds for feeding.
             Threats: Predation and flooding are current threats; pets are a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















                                                                                                                                            PAGE 75







                  Neds Island                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 10



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
             Directions: South of Seaford.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           -       50      184      140       56        68        108       210



             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















           PAGE 76







                  North Line Island                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 10


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Hempstead.
             Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
             Directions: North of Long Beach, west of Lawson Blvd.
             Owner: Town of Hempstead.
             Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           68       90      88      100        76        30        12         4

            BS            -       -        8       10         0         0         0         0

             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Dredge material re,ulting from sewer oulfall construction on south corner.
             Protection: Posted.
             Positive aspects: Sand deposits from sewer outfall construction has been beneficial to shorebirds for feeding.
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Zarudsky, Department of Conservation and Waterways, Town of Hempstead, P.O. Box J, Lido Blvd., Point Lookout, NY 11569,
           (516) 431-9200.

















                                                                                                                                          PAGE 77







                  Tilted Log Island                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. I


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Oyster Bay.
             Map Qw.            ""o Beach, 4007354.
             Directions: East oi wa    @ -11 State Parkway, north of Ocean Parkway.
             Owner: Town of Oyster iii,.
             Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: G rass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           -        -        0       0         0         196        93        -



             Comments: Colony located on marsh adjacent to Amity channel. Colony not surveyed prior to 1987.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.


















           PAGE 78






                   Islands NW of Tobay Tower                                                                                       SEE MAP NO. I I



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Oyster Bay.
             Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
             Directions: East of Wantaugh State Parkway, north of Ocean Parkway, soutwest of Babylon.
             Owner: Town of Oyster Bay.
             Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984    1985       1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT            -       -        0        60        75        60        90        15



             Comments: Site consists of east and west subcolonies.


           SITE MANAGEMENT.
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: East subcolony - none. West subcolony - patrolled.
             Positive aspects: West subcolony visited every other day by researchers from NAS Scully Science Center.
             Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation and pets are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.
















                                                                                                                                          PAGE 79







                   Jones Beach Parking Lot 9                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. I I



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, @,ncality: Nassau, Oyster Bay, Jones Beach.
             Map Qu4,-,. vto      " ,- Beach, 4007354.
             Directions: Located on          ith shore of Jones Beach Island, I mile southeast of Guggenheim Pond on a defunct parking lot that once serviced
           Jones Beach users.
             Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Jones Beach State Park).
             Significant coastal habitat: Parking Lot 9, Jones Beach State Park.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and sand/asphalt.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP            -         7         2        2          2          2          2          3

            LT            150       77         0        0         30         78         49          96

             Comments:    Least terns nest on patches of sand usually adjacent to stems of beach grass that are protruding through cracks in the asphalt. Piping
           plovers and a  few least terns also nest on the beach and dunes adjacent to the parking lot.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: This used to be an active parking lot.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Good productivity by least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Relatively low recreational use due
           to remote location (all foot traffic).
             Threats: Recreation (site established as a nude, gay beach) receives steady use, although not as intense as at other Jones Beach locations.
             Recommendations: Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Maintain as part of Parking Lot 9, Jones Beach State Park
           significant coastal habitat. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.













           PAGE80







                   Islands East of West Island                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 12




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Nassau, Oyster Bay.
             Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
             Directions: South of Amityville section of Montauk Highway.
             Owner: Town of Oyster Bay.
             Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-shrub-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984    1985       1986      1987      1988      1989

             CT           -       -       372      278       600       414       418        145



             Comments: Two subcolonies: east islands and southeast subcolony.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: East islands are patrolled; southeast subcolony - none.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation and pets are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

















                                                                                                                                          PAGE 81






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                          MAP No. 1 NEW YORK CITY                                            QUEENS

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             21   New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization          Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco         M






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                               New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                                                                      Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco                                 N





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                    New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization  Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco
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                                    MAP NO. 5 TOWN OF HEMPSTEAD

          16                        A: GULL ISLAND                                                C: LIDO BEACH TOWN PARK                                                    E: NASSAU BEACH

                                    B: NORTH CINDER ISLAND                                        D: LIDO BEACH TOWNHOUSE



                         New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                                              Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco                         m






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                         B: SHORT BEACH WEST END                    D: SHORT BEACH WEST END 2



                  New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization   Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco     h





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                       New York Stale Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                    Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco




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                 New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                     Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco              March






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                      A: DEEP CREEK MEADOW                     B: ZACHS BAY





               New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco Ma






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                                  B: NORTH LINE ISLAND                                         0: (See Map No. 11)
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                        New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                                          Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capablanco                       ma








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                   A: ISLANDS NW OF TOBAY TOWER B: TILTED LOG ISLAND                              C: JONES BEACH PARKING LOT



             New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. CapoblancoM




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                          B: (See Map No. 13)                                D: (See Map No. 13)


                   New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization          Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco        m

























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               BABYLON                                                                   HUNTINGTON


               Map No. 13                                                                Map No. 38
                  Gilgo Bea,,,,   . ..........................          85                   Sand City    ...............................        100
                  West Fox Creek   ............................         86
                  Elder Island   ...............................        87               Map No. 39
                  West Gilgo Beach    ...........................       88                   Eatons Neck Point   .........................       101

               Map No. 14                                                                Map No. 40
                  Cedar Beach Babylon    ........................       89                   Caumselt State Park   ........................      102
                  Overlook Beach   ............................         90
                  Oak Beach Sore Thumb      ......................      91               SMITHTOWN
                  Democrat Point   ............................         92
                                                                                         Map No. 41
               Map No. 15                                                                    Long Beach Point   ..........................       103
                  Seganus Thatch Island    .......................      93                   Long Beach Marina     ........................      104
                                                                                             Long Beach Boat Launch     ....................     105
               ISLIP                                                                         Youngs Island    ............................       106

               Map No. 16                                                                Map No. 42
                  Captree Island   .............................        94                   Short Beach   ..............................        107
                  Robert Moses Field 5   ........................       95


               Map No. 17
                  Heckscher State Park Field 6   ..................     96
                  Heckscher Slate Park Field 8   ..................     97
                  Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge   ...............    98
                  East Islip Marina   ...........................       99















               PAGE 84







                     Gilgo Beach                                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 13



            LOCATION:
               County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Babylon, Gilgo Beach,
               Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
               Directions: Located on the south shore of Jones Beach Island, opposite Gilgo Island of Great South Bay, about 12 miles west of Robert Moses
            Causeway, south of Ocean Parkway, about 2 miles west of Gilgo State Park.
               Owner: Town of Babylon.
               Significant coastal habitat: Not designated, about 1 1/4 miles west of the Gilgo Beach significant coastal habitat.

            SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982      1983     1984      1985       1986        1987       1988       1989

              Pp             -         4        4         2          2          4           6          3

              LT            30        41       25        35          54        109         46         168


               Comments:    The location of this site is not particularly predictable. In past years, including 1987, the birds nested further east than they did in
            1988.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: No known dredging, but probably will be used for future spoil deposition.
               Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Audubon. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location, but in some years, when beach is very narrow, recreational users cause
            severe disturbance to birds and vandalize fences. Good productivity of least terns in some years.
               Threats: Beach erosion, flooding, recreation (narrowness of the beach makes the colony susceptible to even low levels of recreation), ORV traffic
            and pets (dogs).
               Recommendations: Expand the Gilgo Beach significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive.
            Enforce ORV restrictions and limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners, residents, public, and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P. 0. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751,
            (516) 581-6908. Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.









                                                                                                                                                           PAGE85







                  West Fox Creek                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 13




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
             Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
             Directions: North of Ocean Parkway, slightly west of Robert Moses Twin Causeway.
             Owner: Unknown.
             Significant coastal habitat: Great South Bay West.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.



                        1982    1983     1984     1985      1986     1987       1988      1989

            CT           -        -        0       0         0        282        70        -




             Comments: New site in 1987. Terns nest on narrow line of wrack running along periphery of island.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: Unknown.
             Positive aspects: Island visited every other day by researchers from NAS Scully Science Center.
             Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.















           PAGE 86








                   Elder Island                                                                                                   SEE MAp NO. 13




            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
              Map Quad: Amityville, 4007364.
              Directions: Slightly east of southern termination of Nassau/Suffolk County  line.
              Owner: Town of Babylon.
              Significant coastal habitat: Great South Bay West.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
              Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb -dead herbaceous/wrack.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

             CT           -        0       30       37        58        80        47        20





              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: None.
              Positive aspects:
              Threats: Flooding is a potential threat.
              Recommendations:
              Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, PO Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.
















                                                                                                                                          PAGE87







                 West Gilgo Beach                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 13



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
            Map Quad: West Gilgo Beach, 4007354.
            Directions: Just north of village of West Gilgo Beach.
            Owner: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.
            Significant coastal habitat: South Oyster Bay.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/ wrack.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

           CT           -        -       124      43        45        38        18       15





            Comments:


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation, pets, and vandalism are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908. Michael Scheibel, NYS Dept. of Environmental
          Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.















          PAGE88






                     Cedar Beach Babylon                                                                                                         SEE MAP NO. 14



             LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon, Cedar Beach Town Park.
               Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
               Directions: Located 4 miles west of Robert Moses Causeway, via Ocean Parkway, on south shore of Jones Beach Island bordering Atlantic Ocean.
               Owner. Town of Babylon.
               Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Beach.

             SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                            1982     1983      1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

              PP              6        0        10         4         10          12        8          4

              LT              0        0         0        0           0         10         0          0

              CT           6000      7000     11000     12000      10000      13018       8606       9954

              RT             15       15        140      200        200         200        174        104

              BS            260      350       400       400        450         240        216        212

               Comments:    At a site approximately I mile west of Cedar Beach,     15 least terns nested in 1982, and 6 least terns and 2 piping plovers nested in
             1984.

             SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: The entire site is dredge spoil.
               Protection: Snow-fenced and posted by Town of Babylon. Monitored by National Audubon Society.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Babylon. Subject of long-term research on colonial waterbirds by Carl Safina of National
             Audubon Society.
               Threats: Predation (gulls). Occasional disturbance from nearby bathing beach and ORVs.
               Recommendations: Maintain as Cedar Beach significant coastal habitat, and expand to include nesting area for least terns and piping plovers west
             of Cedar Beach. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, Scully Science Center, 306 South Bay Ave., Islip, New York 11751, (516) 277-4289.









                                                                                                                                                         PAGE 89







                  Overlook Beach                                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 14




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon, Cedar Beach Overlook.
             Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
             Directions: Located 3 1/2 miles west of Robert Moses Causeway, via Ocean Parkway, on south shore of Jones Beach Island, south of landlocked
           channel of brackish water on beach bordering Atlantic Ocean.
             Owner: Town of Babylon.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
           -PP           1982     1983     1984     1985       1986      1987      1988       1989
                                    0        0        0          0         0          4          5

            LT                      -        -        -          -         -          38        51

            CT                               -        -          -         -          -          9

            BS                               0        0          0         0          0          2



             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Town of Babylon. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Babylon. Relatively low recreational use.
             Threats: Flooding and ORVs.
             Recommendations: Expand Cedar Beach significant coastal habitat to include site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting
           birds.
             Contacts: Ken Feustal, Town of Babylon, 190 Farmers Ave., Lindenhurst, NY 11757, (516) 422-7640. Dave Mizrahi, 9 Northcote Rd., Westbury,
           NY 11590, (516) 334-4398. John Fritz, 290 W. 3rd St., Deer Park, NY 11729, (516) 242-2539.








           PAGE 90







                 Oak Beach Sore Thumb                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 14



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Area: Suffolk, Babylon, Oak Beach.
            Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
            Directions: Located 2 1/2 miles west of Robert Moses Causeway, on south shore of Jones Beach Island.
            Owner: Town of Babylon.
            Significant coastal habitat: Sore Thumb.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                      1982   1983    1984   1985     1986     1987     1988     1989

           PP          -       1      2       6        1        0        0        0

           LT          3      55     560     412       0        0        0        0

            Comments: Colony abandoned in 1986 due to disturbance from heavy ORV use.

          SITE MANAGEMENT.
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: Monitored by TNC. Town of Babylon, at request of National Audubon, routed ORVs around nesting area and posted site in early
          1984. Protection was very successful; colony was largest in the region that year. Crow and gull predation was heavy, however, and was so severe
          in 1985 that the site was not subsequently recolonized.
            Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Babylon. Good habitat for piping plovers and least terns.
            Threats: ORV traffic and gull and crow predation.
            Recommendations: Maintain as Sore Thumb significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV
          use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.














                                                                                                                          PAGE 91







             Democrat Point                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 14




       LOCATION:
         County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon, Fire Island.
         Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
         Directions: Western tip of Fire Island, 2 miles east of Robert Moses Causeway.
         Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Robert Moses State Park).
         Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

       SPECIES USE:
         Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
         Nest substrate: Sand.
         History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                 1982   1983  1984  1985   1986    1987   1988   1989

        Pp        -     0      0     4       4      4      5       8

        LT               -     -     -       -      -      -       2


         Comments:


       SITE MANAGEMENT:
         Land use history: No known dredging.
         Protection: String-fenced, posted, and monitored by TNC under permits granted to Carl Safina of National Audubon.
         Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
         Threats: ORV traffic.
         Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect nest sites as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
       or limit speeds. Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
         Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.
















       PAGE 92







                   Seganus Thatch Island                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 15



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Babylon.
              Map Quad: Bay Shore West, 4007363.
              Directions: Northwest of Robert Moses Twin Causeway/Ocean Parkway intersection.
              Owner: Town of Babylon.
              Significant coastal habitat: Great South Bay West.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
              Nest substrate: Shrub -sand - grass/sedge/rush/herb- dead herbaceous/wrack.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimted in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

             CT           -        -       560     550       1575       716       73        0



              Comments: Two subcolonies: marsh island subcolony, which consists of 6 separate marsh islands, and subcolony 1.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: None.
              Positive aspects:
              Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats; recreation and pets are potential threats.
              Recommendations:
              Contacts: Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.

















                                                                                                                                           PAGE 93






                 Captree Island                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 16



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip.
            Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
            Directions: Intersected by southern part of Robert Moses Twin Causeway.
            Owner: LI State Parks Commission, Captree State Boat Basin.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Barrier and non-barrier islands.
            Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983     1984    1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

           CT           -        -        12      40         so        28       540        20



            Comments: Two subcolonies: boat basin subcolony and marsh island subcolony, a small marsh island in the state boat channel.

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: Marsh island subcolony - none. Boat basin subcolony - posted and patrolled.
            Positive aspects: Owned by Ll State Parks Commission.
            Threats: Flooding, predation, pets, vandalism, and recreation are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Anne Ducy-Ortiz, Seatuck Research Program, PO Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.
















          PAGE 94








                Robert Moses Field 5                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 16




          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, Fire Island.
            Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
            Directions: Within Robert Moses State Park, on south shore of Fire Island, about 1 1/4 mi. east of Robert Moses Causeway.
            Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Robert Moses State Park).
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                     1982    1983   1984   1985     1986     1987    1988     1989

           PP          -      -      0       0        0       4        6       0

           LT          0      0      0       0       0       28       57       0

            Comments: Colony did poorly in 1988, probably due to lack of buffer from recreation.

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging. Recreational bathing beach.
            Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC, under permits granted to Dr. Carl Safina of National Audubon.
            Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles.
            Threats: Recreation (foot traffic).
            Recommendations: Expand Great South Bay West significant coastal habitat to include this site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as
          birds arrive. Obtain permission from Robert Moses State Park to provide sufficient buffer from recreation. Monitor ORV use and limit speeds.
          Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Dr. Carl Safina, National Audubon Society, 306 S. Bay Ave., Islip, NY 11751, (516) 277-4289.














                                                                                                                      PAGE 95






                    Heckscher State Park Field 6                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 17



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, East Islip.
              Map Quad: Bnx, Shore East, 4007362.
              Directions: Oi@ _@_ @ . -hore of Long Island, in East Islip, at south end of Heckscher spur of Southern Parkway. Site at Field 6 along the eastern
            shore of the boat channel, upposite a group picnic area.
              Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Heckscher State Park).
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Dredge spoil deposition area, mainland.
              Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the           years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987      1988       1989

             LT             -         0        0         0          0         10          5         12



              Comments:

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks.
              Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, predation (fox, raccoon) and recreation.
              Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper
            deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Implement predator control. Educate the public about beach-nesting
            birds.
              Contacts: F.P. O'Neil, Superintendent, Heckscher State Park, P.O. Box 153, East Islip, New York 11730, (516) 581-2100.














            PAGE 96







                     Heckscher State Park Field 8                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 17



             LOCATION:
                County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, East Islip.
                Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
                Directions: On south shore of Long Island, in East Islip, at southern end of Hecksher spur of Southern Parkway. Site at Field 8 is on south shore,
             east of parking lot 8, in a field adjacent to the beach, on the southeast corner of the Hecksher peninsula.
                Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (Heckscher State Park).
                Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

             SPECIES USE:
                Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
                Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
                History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the           years indicated.


                           1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

              LT             0         0        0         0          0         35          0          0



                Comments: In 1987 only 3 nests were located, so most of the birds observed then were not nesters.

             SITE MANAGEMENT:
                Land use history: Unknown.
                Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987. Monitored by TNC in 1988.
                Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks.
                Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation (Long Island Greenbelt Trail routed through site) and ORV traffic.
                Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation
             for optimal least tern nesting. Reroute hiking trail away from the site for the nesting season. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public
             and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
                Contacts: F.P. O'Neil, Superintendent, Heckscher State Park, P.O. Box 153, East Islip, NY 11730, (516) 581-2100.













                                                                                                                                                        PAGE 97






                  Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge                                                                                       SEE MAP NO. 17



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality, Suffolk, Islip, Islip.
             Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362
             Directions: On south shore of Long Island, in town of Islip, at south end of South Bay Ave., adjacent to Great South Bay.
             Owner: US Fish and Wildlife Service (Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge).
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of least terns were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984     1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

            LT            0        0         0        0         10         0          0          0



             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: The Champlin Creek dredging project (19) benefits town boat slips, with 82 slips. Spoil was deposited on this upland site as
           follows:
                                                                      1957        1980        1984         1987

                                                 Cubic yards         122200      10300        12500        5000



             Protection: Monitored by Seatuck Research Program.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational succession.
             Recommendations: Expand Champlin Creek significant coastal habitat to include site. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive.
           Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.
             Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908. Refuge Manager, Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge,
           Shirley, NY 11967, (516) 286-0485.







           PAGE 98







                    East Islip Marina Site                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 17



            LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Islip, East Islip.
               Map Quad: Bay Shore East, 4007362.
               Directions: In East Islip, at the southern end of Bay View Ave. Site is located at west side of mouth of Quintuck Creek. Least terns have nested
            on dredge spoil around shallow pond behind baseball diamond, and sometimes loaf on small bathing beach.
               Owner: Town of Islip.
               Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
               Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
               History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

              LT            0        17        0        6          10         0          0          0


               Comments:

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: Dredging from the Moorings project (130) benefits salt water pool at town bathing beach. Spoil was deposited at upland site
            and mostly removed by truck, and at town beach, as follows:
                                                               1 1976         1980         1982         1983        1989
                                              Cubic yards        2000         4500         2600         1400        3200*
                                                                                                                     Deposited at town beach.
               Protection: Monitored by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Islip. Vehicle access to town residents only, through kiosk.
               Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation.
               Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper
            depostion of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, New York 11751, (516) 581-6908.









                                                                                                                                                     PAGE 99







                    Sand City                                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 38



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Huntington, Eatons Neck.
              Map Quad: Lloyd Harbor, 4007384.
              Directions: Site is the southwestern sand spit of Eatons Neck that extends out into Northport Bay, just south of Hobart Town Beach.
              Owner: Town of Huntington.
              Significant coastal habitat: Sand City.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983      1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

             PP             -        5         6        6          5          6           5        4

             LT             -        74      330      200        225        171          4        100

             CT             -        -        60       150       279         30          28       125

             BS             -                  0        0          2          2          0         0


              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Dredge spoil was deposited at the north end of the Sand City peninsula in 1958 and again in the 60's or 70's, serving as beach
            nourishment for Hobart Town Beach. If dredging were planned for the future some of the spoil may be placed on colony site for enhanced nesting
            potential.
              Protection: Permanently fenced (chain-link), posted and monitored by Huntington Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by Huntington Audubon.
              Positive aspects: Permanent chain-link fence is effective. Site designated as a bird sanctuary. Owned and managed by Town of Huntington.
            Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
              Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation (boat landing) and other (suspect poor food supply in 1988).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Sand City significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage
            vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Continue to maintain signs that restrict boat landing. Educate public about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Director, Theodore Roosevelt Bird Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-
            3200.










            PAGE 100







                    Eatons Neck Point                                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 39



             LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Huntington, Eatons Neck.
               Quad name: Lloyd Harbor, 4007384.
               Directions: Sand spit at the extreme northwestern end of Eatons Neck peninsula, about a quarter mile west of the U.S. Coast Guard Station.
               Owner: Private.
               Significant coastal habitat: Eatons Neck Point.

             SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983     1984      1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

              PP            -         4         4        4          4         3          3          4

              LT                     183        30      30         90         35         0          0

              CT                     -          2        0         0          0          0          0


               Comments:


             SITE MANAGEMENT.
               Dredge history: None.
               Protection: Permanently fenced, posted and monitored by Huntington Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by Huntington Audubon.
               Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Limited access through Coast Guard Station. Owner has given permission
             to Huntington Audubon to protect the site.
               Threats: Recreation (boat landing and Coast Guard personnel), pets (dogs from Coast Guard) and other (suspect poor food supply for least terns
             in 1988).
               Recommendations: Maintain as Eatons Neck Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
             Continue to educate coast guard personnel about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Theodore Roosevelt Bird Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon Society, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-
             3200.












                                                                                                                                                    PAGE 101







                   Caumsett State Park                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 40



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Huntington, Lloyds Neck.
             Quad name: Lloyd Harbor, 4007384.
             Directions: The site is located on a sand spit southeast of Lloyd Point in Caumsett State Park, on Lloyds Neck peninsula, on the east side of the
           mouth of Oyster Bay.
             Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Caumsett State Park).
             Significant coastal habitat: Lloyd Point.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

            PP             -         0        0        0          0          0          4          1

            LT             0         0        0        0          0          10        36          6

             Comments: Seatuck name is "Lloyd Point."     Two subcolonies existed. One failed due to Memorial Day crowds; the subcolony at the extreme end
           of the point was successful.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: None.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by Huntington Audubon. Volunteers coordinated by Huntington Audubon.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
             Threats: Recreation (boat landing), predation (unknown) and advancing vegetational succession.
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Lloyd Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Continue to place signs at site to restrict boat landing. Implement predator control as needed. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.
           Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Bill Kolodnicki, Theodore Roosevelt Sanctuary, Huntington Audubon Society, 132 Cove Rd., Oyster Bay, NY 11771, (516) 922-3200.
            Peter Capinolo, Queens College Center, Caumsett State Park, Huntington, NY 11743, (516) 421-3526.












           PAGE 102







                     Long Beach Point                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 41



             LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Smithtown, Nissequogue.
               Map Quad: Saint James, 400382.
               Directions: Easternmost point of Long Beach in Smithtown, with Smithtown Bay (Long Island Sound) to north, Porpoise Channel, Stony Brook
             Harbor to south.
               Owner: Village of Nissequogue.
               Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

             SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983     1984      1985      1986       1987       1988      1989

              PP            -         0        0        2          2          2         6          3

              LT                      0        -        28        50         45         82         13


               Comments:

             SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: No known dredging.
               Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed as a nature preserve by the Village of Nissequogue. ORV use restricted. Good productivity for piping
             plovers.
               Threats: Flooding, recreation, potential development and other (suspect poor food supply).
               Recommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the
             colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting.
             Restrict or mitigate development. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Clerk's Office, Village of Nissequogue, Nissequogue, New York 11780, (516) 862-7400. Long Island Chapter, The Nature Conservancy,
             250 Lawrence Hill Rd., Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, (516) 367-3225.











                                                                                                                                                  PAGE 103







                  Long Beach Marina Site                                                                                                SEE MAP NO. 41



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, @ [email protected], '@uffolk, Smithtown, Stony Brook Harbor.
             Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
             Directions: In the Long Beach Town Park about 1/8 of a mile west of the Bay Constable office in the yacht harbor. West of and adjacent to
           eastern- most "horseshoe" of boat slips. Site is located on hill east of parking lot adjacent to Stony Brook harbor.
             Owner: Town of Smithtown.
             Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate- Sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984     1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

            PP            -         6        2        0          2         0          0         0

            LT                    110       85       80         30         10         0         0


             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Dredging from the Long Beach project (Sl) benefits the Long Beach Marina and Yacht Club, with 125 and 60 moorings
           respectively. Spoil was deposited at this site as follows:

                     Approximately 484,000 Cubic yards were dredged in 1958


             Protection: Monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Accessible through harbor parking lot only by Smithtown residents.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation.
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
           arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users
           about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Town Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, New York 11725, (516) 543-7804. Russell Barnett, Smithtown Dept.
           of Environment and Waterways, 124 W. Main St., Smithtown, New York 11787, (516) 360-7514.








           PAGE 104







                     Long Beach Boat Launch Site                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 41



             LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Smithtown, Stony Brook Harbor.
               Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
               Directions: In Long Beach Town Park just south of kiosk at yacht harbor entrance, opposite the entrance to beach. Site is located on peninsula
             extending east from parking lot into Stony Brook Harbor.
               Owner: Town of Smithtown.
               Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

             SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
               Nest substrate: Sand/spoil (LT,PP) dead herbaceous wrack (CT).
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983     1984      1985      1986       1987       1988      1989

              Pp             -        6        10       6          4          6          5         4

              LT                     150      105      194        180        191        26         35

              CT                      -       44        54         29        125       110        141

               Comments: Common terns nested in subcolony on small island to north of peninsula.

             SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: Dredging from the Long zbeach Boat Basin project benefits Long Beach Marina with 170 slips. Spoil was deposited at this
             upland site as follows:

                       Approximately 44100 Cubic yards were dredged in 1953

               Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Accessible through harbor parking lot only by Smithtown residents.
               Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation.
               @ecommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
             arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting on peninsula. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public about
             beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Town Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, New York 11725, (516) 543-7804. Russell Barnett, Smithtown Dept.
             of Environment and Waterways, 124 W. Main St., Smithtown, New York 11787, (516) 360-7514.







                                                                                                                                                   PAGE 105







                                                                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 41
                   Youngs Island



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Vinagt Suffolk, Smithtown, Stony Brook Harbor.
             Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
             Directions: Also called Porpoise Channel Island, it is located just south of Porpoise Channel and just north of Stony Brook, in the eastern part
           of Stony Brook Harbor.
             Owner: Town of Smithtown.
             Significant coastal habitat: Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Salt marsh island.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil (PP, LT) and pebble (CT).
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983      1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

            PP            -         0         0        0          4          2          5         4

            LT                      30       44       57         75        125        118        126

            CT                      -       110       58         33         60         75        203

             Comments:    Seatuck name is "Porpoise Channel Island."

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Dredging from the Porpoise Channel project (S4) benefits the Long Beach Marina with its 170 slips and the Stony Brook Marina
           with its 125 slips. Spoil was deposited for beach nourishment as follows:

                      An unknown amount of dredging was done in 1957

             Protection: Posted and monitored by TNC. Patrolled by Smithtown Bay Constables.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location (accessed only by boat).
           Good productivity by piping plovers. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and predators (unknown).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Stony Brook Harbor and West Meadow significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the
           colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Implement predator control.
             Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Town Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, NY 11725, (516) 543-7804.








           PAGE 106






                     Short Beach                                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 42


              LOCATION:
                 County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Smithtown, Short Beach Town Park.
                 Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
                 Directions: This spoil site on the north shore is located on the Nissequogue peninsula, to the extreme northwest end, east of the Nissequogue River.
                 Owner: Town of Smithtown.
                 Significant coastal habitat: Nissequogue Inlet Beaches.

              SPECIES USE:
                 Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
                 Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
                 History:   he following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
                          1 1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989
                 Pp           -        30        18        4          6          6          6           1
                 LT          180      334       135      290         201         50        111          1
                 CT           -         -       204        0          0          0          0          0
                 Comments: In 1988 there were at times hundreds of common terns, but they did not nest. Roseate terns were seen here in 1988, but did not nest.

              SITE MANAGEMENT:
                 Land use history: The Nissequogue River dredging project (S3) benefits the bait and tackle station and the yacht club with its 60 moorings on
              the Nissequogue River. Spoil was deposited about 6 inches deep for beach nourishment as follows.
                                                                         1961          1966           1980            1987
                                                   Cubic yards          765900       140700          56000           96000
                 Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Town of Smithtown. Volunteers coordinated by TNC and Town of Smithtown.
              Town of Smithtown employs a fulltime person to monitor campground just east of the site, day and night, weekends and holidays between Memorial
              Day and Labor Day; this person actively protects the colony.
                 Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Town of Smithtown. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. ORV traffic restricted.
              Camping facilities moved from previous location to reduce disturbance to nesting birds. Previous spoil deposition has enhanced this nesting area.
                 Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation and pets (dogs).
                 Recommendations: Maintain as part of Nissequogue Inlet Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds
              arrive. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Restrict pets and educate owners and public about beach-nesting birds. Continue to
              enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil.
                 Contacts: Bob Giffen, Smithtown Naturalist, Box 222, Commack, NY 11725, (516) 543-7804. Amy Freiman, Town Conservation Board, 124
              W. Main St., PO Box 575, Smithtown, NY, 360-7514.





                                                                                                                                                          PAGE 107




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                6 o                                                          @p                                                                                                          130AT

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                            A:    (See Map No. 12)                                C:    GILGO BEACH                                              E: WEST FOX CREEK

                            B:    WEST GILGO BEACH                                D:    ELDERISLAND



                   New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                          Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco                ma












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               A: SEATUCK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE C: HECKSCHER STATE PARK FIELD 6

               B: EAST ISLIP MARINA                    D: HECKSCHER STATE PARK FIELD 8



           New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. CapobiancoM




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                     B: LONG BEACH MARINA                                            D: LONG BEACH POINT



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              NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization               Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobla    nco      March
















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                                                       ..................






               BROOKHAVEN                                                                   RIVERHEAD
               Map No. 18                                                                   Map No. 36
                   Watch Hill Fire island  ......................         I]]                   Jamesport Town Beach East     ..................       124
                   Long Cove Fire Island   ......................         112
                                                                                            Map No. 37
               Map No. 19                                                                       Edwards Avenue Baiting Hollow     ...............      125
                   Smith Point Shirley   ........................         113

               Map No. 20
                   Flax Pond    ...............................           114
                   Mount Misery Point    ........................         115
                   Old Field Beach Point    ......................        116

               Map No. 21
                   West Inlet Island  ..........................          117
                   Carters Island   ............................          118
                   New Made Island    ...                                 119
                   Smith Point County Park     ....................       120

               Map No. 22
                   Roe Avenue Patchogue     ......................        121

               Map No. 23
                   Cupsogue Beach County Park      .................      122
                   East Inlet Island  ..........................          123

















               PAGE 110







                   Watch Hill Fire Island                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 18




           LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Fire Island.
              Map Quad: Howells Point, 4007268.
              Directions: At Watch Hill Harbor on Fire Island, on west side of harbor mouth on Great South Bay (accessed via ferry from town of Patchogue).
              Owner: US National Park Service (Fire Island National Seashore).
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, island.
              Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

             LT            56       0        18       120      125        363      303        72

             PP            -        0         0        0        0          2         2         2

             CT                     -         0        0        0          2         6         1



              Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Past spoil deposition site.
              Protection: Snow-fenced, posted and monitored by NPS.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by NPS. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location (accessible only by private boat or ferry).
              Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation (boat landing).
              Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation
           for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Dave Griese, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.
           Paul Czachor, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.












                                                                                                                                                 PAGE III






                   Long Cove Fire Island                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 18



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Fire Island.
             Map Quad: Howells Point, 4007268.
             Directions: On south shore of Fire Island, adjacent to Atlantic Ocean, about   3/4 of a mile east of Watch Hill's main bathing beach.
             Owner: U.S. National Park Service (Fire Island National Seashore).
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984     1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

            PP            -       0        0        0          0         2          7         5

            LT           0        0        0        0         40         55        82        85



             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by NPS. Patrolled by NPS rangers.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by NPS. Good productivity of least terns and piping plovers. Relatively low recreational use due to remote
           location. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles. ORV users educated about beach-nesting birds.
             Threats: Flooding, ORV traffic and r6creation.
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat area. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
           or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach nesting birds.
             Contacts: Dave Griese, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.
           Carol McNulty, Fire Island National Seashore, 120 Laurel St., Patchogue, NY 11772, (516) 597-6455.












           PAGE 112







                    Smith Point Shirley                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 19



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Shirley.
              Map Quad: Pattersquash Island, 4007267.
              Directions: Site is between the Shirley Basin of undeveloped Smith Point County Marina North and William Floyd Parkway, just before crossing
            the Suffolk Blvd. Smith Point Bridge. It is the easternmost land mass on north shore of Great South Bay.
              Owner: Suffolk County (Smith Point County Marina North).
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987      1988       1989

             LT             0        7        6        17        63        123        281       368



              Comments: Least terns nested only on sand covered portions of dredge spoil in 1988. Dredge spoil deposited improperly in 1988, with silt on
            top, which reduced the available nesting area.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: The site has been used by the Smith Point dredging project (BR34) for disposal of spoil. In 1957, 809,100 cubic yards were
            deposited; in 1961, 365,000 cubic yards were deposited. Dredging benefits general navigation.
              Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Patrolled by Suffolk County Parks. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. Good productivity of least terns. Elevated berm discouraged ORV traffic.
            Cooperation from Suffolk County Parks.
              Threats: Vandalism (berm attracts neighborhood children), pets (dogs), advancing vegetational succession and development (proposed marina).
              Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Restrict pets and educate owners about nesting birds. Restrict or mitigate
            development. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate the public and area
            residents about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
            Bill Welsh, same address as above, (516) 281-4277.










                                                                                                                                                PAGE 113






                  Flax Pond                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 20


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Old Field.
             Map Quad: Saint James, 4007382.
             Directions: On north central shore of Old Field Peninsula, east of Crane Neck Point, and west of Old Field Point.
             Owner: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.
             Significant coastal habitat: Flax Pond.

           SPECIES USr-.
             Community type: Marith;,- sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984      085       1986       1987      1988       1989

            PP            -        0         1       0          0          0         0          0

            LT                    300      100       15         0          0         2          0



             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: Monitored by Town of Brookhaven, Department of Environmental Protection.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed,,by New York State as a wetlands preserve.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational successsion and recreation.
             Recommendations: Maintain as Flax Oond significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage
           vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.IEducate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, (516) 751-7900. Murray
           Wade, Town of Brookhaven, Department of Environment, 3233 Route 112, Medford, NY 11763, (516) 451-6455.














           PAGE 114







                    Mount Misery Point                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 20



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Port Jefferson.
              Map Quad: Port Jefferson, 400738 1.
              Directions: Also referred to as McAllister County Park, the northernmost land mass bordering Port Jefferson Harbor on east side of harbor mouth,
            just north of the Village of Belle Terre. Least terns nest primarily on the north side of peninsula, on beach bordering Long Island Sound.
              Owner: Suffolk County (McAllister County Park).
              Significant coastal habitat: Port Jefferson Beaches.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984     1985       1986      1987       1988      1989

             Pp            -        0         3        8          6         5          6         8

             LT                     0       226       182       302        110        43        192

             CT                     -         0        0          0         2          8        166



              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No known dredging.
              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
              Threats: Predation (fox), pets (dogs), flooding, recreation, ORVs and other (suspect poor food supply).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Port Jefferson Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
            arrive. Implement predator control. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the
            public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
            Dr. Sheldon Katz, Attorney at Law, 18 Cliffside Dr., Belle Terre, NY 11777, (516) 369-1100.










                                                                                                                                                PAGE 115







                   Old Field Beach Point                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 20




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Old Field.
             Map Quad: Port Jefferson, 4007381.
             Directions: The land mass on the west side of the mouth of the Port Jefferson Harbor. Birds nest on the southeastern tip of this peninsula,
           adjacent to Port Jefferson Harbor, rather than along Long Island Sound.
             Owner: Suffolk County.
             Significant coastal hab"W: Port Jefferson Beaches.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

            PP             -        0         10        8           6         6          3          1

            LT                      0        315       93          57        30         11          7

            CT                      -        55        34          51        48         14          0


             Comments:    Least tern nests failed due to flooding in 1988. Common tern nests failed, probably due to predation.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Designated as a bird sanctuary by Suffolk County. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Accessible primarily
           by boat.
             Threats: Flooding and recreation (boaters, camping).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Port Jefferson Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
           arrive. Restrict camping. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.











           PAGE 116







                   West Inlet Island                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 21




            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
              Map Quad: Moriches, 4007277.
              Directions: Cupsogue Beach County Park, near S. Brookhaven/Southampton town line.
              Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
              Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
              Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-shrub.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984     1985      1986       1987      1988       1989

             CT            -        -      1050     1110      1050       1200       55          6

             RT                              8        0         10        23         0          0

             BS                             36       46         38        60         0          3


              Comments:   Two subcolonies exist: the main subcolony and the heronry subcolony.  This was a new site for egrets.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Unknown.
              Protection: None.
              Positive aspects:
              Threats: Flooding, recreation, and predation are potential threats.
              Recommendations:
              Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.














                                                                                                                                             PAGE 117






                 Carters Island                                                                                                SEE MAP NO. 21



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
            Map Quad: Moriches, 4007277.
            Directions: North of Smith Point County Park, directly south of Floyd Point, Mastic.
            Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
            Significant coas'l-ol habitat: Moriches Bay.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989
           CT           -        -       158    2000      1800      2200      1200      1675
           BS                             0       0         0         6         0         0

            Comments:


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.















           PAGE 118







                  New Made Island                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 21



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
             Map Quad: Moriches, 4007277.
             Directions: North of Smith Point County Park, south of Floyd Point, Mastic.
             Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
             Significant coastal habitat: Moriches Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           -        -      1050     178       363       975      1150        0



             Comments: Two subcolonies:  marsh subcolony, located on barrier beach salt marsh, and subcolony 1.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding and predation are current threats; recreation is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

















                                                                                                                                       PAGE 119







                   Smith Point County Park Site                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 21


            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Shirley-
              Map QtPR,!.- M,@-;-hes, 4007277.
              Directions: Locatea on Fire Island in Smith Point County Park, approximately I mile west of Moriches Inlet, includes most of Great Gun Beach.
            On south shore of barrier isiaad, bordering Atlantic Ocean.
              Owners: Suffolk County (Smith Point County Park) and Town of Brookhaven.
              Significant coastal habitat: Smith Point County Park.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Marine sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

             PP            -        0        0        0           4          4         6          6

             LT            0        0        0        0         642        329        135         26


              Comments:    ORVs and construction vehicles for Moriches Inlet jetty work were diverted around site in 1988 by Suffolk County Parks.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No known dredging.
              Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC and Suffolk County Parks. Patrolled by Suffolk County Parks. Volunteers
            coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed in part by Suffolk County Parks. Good productivity for least terns and piping plovers. Beach closed to
            ORVs through nesting season by Suffolk County Parks.
              Threats: ORV traffic, flooding, recreation, vandalism, and pets (dogs).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of significant coastal habitat. Restrict ORV use. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
            Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
            Bill Welsh, same address, (516) 281-4271;.











            PAGE 120







                    Roe Avenue Patchogu   e                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 22



            LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven, Patchogue.
               Map Quad: Howells Point, 4007268.
               Directions: Located at the end of Roe Avenue in East Patchogue, across the street from the Domino Yacht Club, just west of Mud Creek, and
            just north of Great South Bay.
               Owners: Private
               Significant coastal habitat: Roe Avenue Spoil Area.

            SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
               Nest substrate: Sandy spoil.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             LT             0         9       20         0          0          0         14         22



               Comments: Least terns were present at the site all years but were never successful at breeding due to heavy ORV disturbance. Seven breeding
            pairs in 1988 were joined by about 40 adults when ORV traffic was eliminated.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: Dredging from the Mud Creek project (BR22) benefits the marina on Mud Creek with its 400 slips. Contractors are currently
            under a ten-year dredging restriction. Spoil was deposited on this upland site as follows:


                                     1982        1983        1984        1985          1986

               Cubic Yards          4800         3500        1300        6000          1800

               Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC. Patrolled by Suffolk County Police.
               Positive aspects: In 1988 least terns nested successfully when ORV traffic was eliminated. Private landowner permits fencing of site.
               Threats: ORV traffic, pets (dogs) and development.
               Recommendations: Maintain as Roe Avenue Dredge Spoil Area significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
            arrive. Restrict ORV use. Restrict development. Monitor dredging activity to insure regulations are followed, especially the correct timing of spoil
            placement. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach- nesting birds. Restrict pets, educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Peter Capinola, Caumsett State Park, Lloyd Harbor, NY 11743, (516) 421-3526.






                                                                                                                                                     PAGE 121







                   Cupsogue Beach County Park Site                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 23



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Brookhaven, East Moriches.
             Map Quads: Eastport, 4007276.
             Directions: The colony is located about 150 meters east of Moriches Inlet in      the Cupsogue Beach County Park
             Owner: Suffolk County (Cupsogue Beach County Park).
             Significant coastal habitat: Cupsogue County Park.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

            Pp            -         5        6        8          4         10          8         13

            LT           300      856       35        71         0          ?         49        222

             Comments:    Much of the beach was washed away by hurricane Gloria in 1985.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: The Moriches Inlet dredging project (BR29) deposited spoil for beach nourishment at two spots including Moriches Inlet (and
           Cupsogue) and Northwest Cut (an island). Dredging benefits general navigation. Not all of the following spoil was deposited at the tern site, but
           it does represent potential nesting substrate for future colonies and would require appropriate management.


                                1953       1958       1966      1969       1973       1978      1987

             Cubic Yards       747300    365700     677900     151000     135000    218500     20000

             Protection: String-fenced, posted and  inonitored by TNC in 1987.
             Positive aspects: Relatively low recreation due to remote location. Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. Good predictability of nesting
           activity between years. Good productivity by piping plovers.
             Threats: Recreation (boat landing) and potential predation (gulls). ORVs are a potential threat if Dune Road is opened up.
             Recommendations: Maintain as Cupsoiue County Park significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Implement predator control (exclosures).'', Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk County Parks Commission, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.







           PAGE 122







                   East Inlet Island                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 23




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Brookhaven.
             Map Quad: Eastport, 4007276.
             Directions: Moriches inlet just north of Cupsogue Beach County Park.
             Owner: Town of Brookhaven.
             Significant coastal habitat: Moriches Bay.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984      1985     1986      1987       1988     1989

             CT                                                                           3350

             RT                                                                   ?         70

             BS                                                                   ?        212


             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: This is a dredge spoil deposition site.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Recreation is a potential threat.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Michael Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.















                                                                                                                                         PAGE 123







                  Jamesport Town Beach East                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 36


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Riverhead, Jamesport.
             Map Quad: Mattituck, 4007285.
             Directions: Located in South Jamesport Town Beach just northeast of Miamogue Point with Flanders bay to the immediate south.
             Owner: Town of Riverhead.
             Significant coastal habitat: Jamesport Town Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

            PP            -         4        4        4          0          2         2          1

            LT            4        10       80       224         6          0         58        120


             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: The East Creek dredging project (R2) benefits the town marina with 77 slips and a New York State boat ramp. Dredge spoil
           was deposited at this site for beach nourishment, and formerly on an upland site.
                               1960       1983      1984     1985      1986     1987      1988      1989

            Cubic yards       305900    108700     35600    38800      4300     4300     5000      10000


             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned and operated by Town of Riverhead.
             Threats: Recreation, advancing vegetational succession, pets and clam beds (stored within the colony's boundary). Local "party" spot with ORV
           use. Dredging across inlet disturbs birds,.
             Recommendations: Maintain as iamesp@ort Town Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Conduct dredging across inlet during non-nesting season, and use spoil deposition to enhance
           nesting habitat. Restrict pets, educate owners about beach-nesting birds. See that clam beds are not stored where least terns may nest (see Steve
           Sanford of DEC). Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Town of Riverhead, Riverhead Parks Department, Riverhead, NY 11901.
           Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.






           PAGE 124







                    Edwards Avenue Baiting Hollow                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 37


             LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Riverhead, Wading River.
               Map Quad: Wading River, 40007287.
               Directions: Located on north side of Riverhead, between Baiting Hollow Scout Camp and Camp Grant. Adjacent to New York State Conservation
             Area. Located 1/2 of a mile west of parking area at end of Edwards Ave., on beach.
               Owner: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.
               Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

             SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983     1984      1985       1986       1987      1988       1989

              PP             0        0        0         0          0         0          0          1

              LT             0        0        0        33          0         0          0          2

               Comments: Thirteen least terns were observed loafing at site in   1988, no nesting.

             SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: No known dredging.
               Protection: Monitored by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
               Threats: ORV traffic, pets (dogs) and other (not known why least terns stopped nesting here).
               Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
             speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.#40, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11790,
             (516) 751-7900.















                                                                                                                                                    PAGE 125















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                                  MAP           No. 18 TOWN OF BROOKHAVEN

                                  A: WATCH HILL                                                    B: LONG COVE FIRE ISLAND





                       New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalintion                                                    Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco                          Man:





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                            A: FLAX POND                                    B:   OLD FIELD BEACH                                     C: MOUNT MISERY POINT




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                            A: CUPSOGUE BEACH COUNTY PARK B: EASTINLETISLAND                                                   C: (See Map No. 24)




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                             A: EDWARDS AVENUE BAITING HOLLOW





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               SOUTHAMPTON

               Map No. 24                                                                 Map No. 30
                   Pikes Beach  ..............................          129                   Mecox Beach    .............................         147
                                                                                              Sams Creek    ..............................         148
               Map No. 25
                   Westhampton Beach    ........................        130               Map No. 31
                                                                                              Sagaponack Pond    ..........................        149
               Map No. 26                                                                     Peters Lane   ..............................         150
                   Dune Road Quogue    .........................        131
                   Hot Dog Beach   ............................         132               Map No. 32
                   Tiana Beach  ..............................          133                   Pine Neck    ...............................         151
                   Ponquogue Beach West    ......................       134                   Morton National Wildlife Refuge    ..............    152
                   Sedge Island  .............................          135
                   Greater Greenbacks Island   ...................      136               Map No. 33
                   Lesser Greenbacks Island   ....................      137                   Cow Neck    ................................         153
                   Lanes Island  .............................          138                   Sebonac Neck    .............................        154

               Map No. 27                                                                 Map No. 34
                   Ponquogue Beach East    ......................       139                   Wooley Pond     .............................        155
                   Shinnecock Inlet  ...........................        140                   Fish Cove   ................................         156
                   Southampton Beach    ........................        141                   Towd Neck    ...............................         157
                   Warner Islands  ............................         142                   Fresh Pond Whalebone     ......................      158

               Map No. 28                                                                 Map No. 35
                   Middle Pond Inlet   .........................        143                   Red Cedar Point   ...........................        159
                                                                                              Goose Creek   ..............................         160
               Map No. 29
                   Phillips Pond .............................          144
                   Old Town Road Site   ........................        145
                   Coopers Neck Pond    ........................        146











               PAGE 128







              Pikes Beach                                                                                SEE MAP NO. 24



        LOCATION:
          County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Tiana.
          Map Quad: Eastport, 4007276.
          Directions: Located on Westhampton Beach barrier island, on southeast (ocean) shore, opposite Swan Island in Moriches Bay.
          Owner: Many private owners.
          Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

        SPECIES USE:
          Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
          Nest substrate:
          History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                   1982   1983   1984   1985    1986    1987    1988    1989

         PP         -      0      0      2       0       0        0       -

         LT         0      ?      ?      15      0        0       1

          Comments: Piping plovers seen in 1984, but none nested.

        SITE MANAGEMENT:
          Land use history: The Pikes Beach Channel dredging project (SH24) was carried out for beach nourishment. Dredge spoil was deposited in the
        following quantities, probably in vicinity of nesting areas or on bay side of island.


                       1968      1973      1978

         Cubic yards  120800    63700     200000




          Protection: Monitored by TNC.
          Positive aspects: Beach closed to vehicles and pedestrians due to severe erosion.
          Threats: Beach erosion and flooding.
          Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds arrive. Enhance site with
        proper deposition of dredge spoil (if possible).
          Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.
        F




















































                                                                                                              PAGE 129







                    Westhampton Beach                                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 25



            LOCATION:
               County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Westhampton Beach.
               Map Quad: Eastport, 4007276.
               Directions: The colony is a long one extending east and west from the Sword Fish Club at the southern terminus of Jessup Lane. The colony east
            of Sword Fish is called Lashley Pavilion and the colony west of the club is called Rogers Pavilion.
               Owner: Many private owners.
               Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

            SPECIES USE:
               Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
               Nest substrate: Sand.
               History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983      1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

              PP            -         0        0         -           9         40          36         32

              LT            0         0        0         0          275        704        370        349


               Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Land use history: No known dredging. Groin field constructed in 1960's. NYS ownership fixed at mean high tide level for 1964 and 1967.
               Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Good productivity and numbers of both least terns and piping plovers on this stretch of beach. Some compliance by beach
            residents to post and string colony, although area is not completely protected. West of each groin sand is building up and provides good nesting
            habitat.
               Threats: Recreation and residential use of beach.
               Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colonies as birds arrive. Educate public and
            area residents about beach-nesting birds. String colonies with corridors through colonies to allow beach access to residents. Restrict pets and educate
            owners about beach-nesting birds. Inform fireworks coordinators about beach nesting-birds and ask that these activities be directed away from
            colony. Include current management at following inns and clubs: Sandpiper Inn, LaRonde Beach Club, Swordfish Club, LaCoquille Beach Club,
            Ocean Dunes West, and others where birds may try to nest. Also distribute educational information to beachfront residents on a yearly basis.
               Contacts: Arma E. Andon, Mayor, Village of Westhampton Beach, P.O. Box 991, Westhampton Beach, NY 11978-0991.










            PAGE 130





                 Dune Road Quogue                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 26


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Quogue.
             Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
             Directions: Located north of Dune Rd., on the north side of Westhampton Beach barrier island, 1.8 miles northeast of the junction of Dune Rd.
           and Post Lane, approx. 1/4 mile southwest of Sedge island in Shinnecock Inlet. (Just southwest of Tequila Flats Restaurant.)
             Owner. Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
                       1982     1983     1984     1985      1986       1987      1988      1989
             Pp          -        0        0        5         3         0          2         2
             LT          80       0        3       41         10        13        20        24

             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging. Exclusively recreational beach.
             Protection: Posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Little human disturbance.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational succession and recreation (fishing).
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage vegetation for
           optimal least tern nesting. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.











                                                                                                                                           PAGE 131





                 Hot Dog Beach                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO     26



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, East Quogue.
             Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
             Directions: From the junction of Dune Rd. and Post Lane, on Westhampton Beach barrier island, proceed northeast on Dune Rd. approx. 2 1/2
           miles to Triton Lane, turn right (southeast), and park near beach. Site is located on beach, approx. 300 meters northeast.
             Owner: Many private owners.
             Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                       1982     1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989
             PP          -       0         0        5         8         8        14        14
             LT          0       0        40       88       575        65        140       86

             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging. Exclusively recreational beach. Private landowners believe private property extends to water's edge.
             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Excellent habitat for least terns.
             Threats: Recreation, development, ORV traffic, flooding, predation (fox) and pets.
             Recommendations: Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about nesting birds. Restrict development. Restrict ORV use or limit
           speeds. Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.













           PAGE 132







                    Tiana Beach                                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 26



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Tiana.
              Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
              Directions: Located on Southampton Beach barrier island, approximately 1/2 mile southwest of the southern tip of Lanes Island. From Tiana
            Beach Town Park, walk 400 meters east along beach from parking lot.
              Owner: Town of Southampton and Suffolk County.
              Significant coastal habitat. Tiana Beach.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             Pp            -          3        6        10          3          11         6          6

             LT            100       17       162       47          0          0          29         15

              Comments:    Seatuck lists this site as a subcolony of "Lanes-Tiana East."  Piping plovers and least terns have used areas between Hot Dog Beach
            and Tiana Beach in past years; Seatuck calls this area "west of Tiana Beach."

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No known dredging.
              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Less heavily used for recreation than beaches east and west of nesting area.
              Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, pets and development.
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony site as birds arrive.
            Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORVs or limit speeds. Restrict or mitigate development.
            Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516)581-6908.












                                                                                                                                                      PAGE 133





                 Ponquogue Beach West                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 26



          LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Ponquogue.
             Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
             Directions: Located on barrier beach, approx. 1 1/2 miles southwest of Shinnecock Inlet lookout tower. From Ponquogue Town Park (junction
          of Dune and Lighthouse Rds.), site is located approx. 1/3 of a mile west along beach.
             Owner: Suffolk County.
             Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.


          SPECIES USE:
             Community type- Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                        1982    1983     1984    1985       1986     1987       1988      1989
             PP          -       -         4       2         2         0         0         0
             LT          70               50       67        0         0         0         0

             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: Monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and predation.
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds arrive.
           Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.












           PAGE 134






                 Sedge Island                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 26


          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
            Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
            Directions: North of Dune Road and Dolphin Lane intersection.
            Owner. Southampton Trustees.
            Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island with barrier island subcolony.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

           CT           -       0       288       0        76        41        70        40

           BS                   -        50       0         0         2         0        0

            Comments:


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history. Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Flooding and predation are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NY Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.

















                                                                                                                                     PAGE 135








                                                                                                                                 I
                Greater Greenbacks Island                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 26



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
            Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
            Directions: North of Beach Road, west of Ponquogue Bridge.
            Owner: Southampton Trustees.
            Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                      1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988     1989
           CT           -       -       98       73       175       130       120       140
           BS                            2        0         0        2         ?         0

            Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Flooding is a current threat; predation is a potential threat.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.
















          PAGE 136







                 Lesser Greenbacks Island                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 26



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
            Map Quad: Quogue, 4007275.
            Directions: North of Beach Road, west of Ponquogue Bridge, west of Greater Greenbacks Island.
            Owner. Southampton Trustees.
            Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

           CT           -       -        70      138        11        0         ?        18



                 Comments:


          SITE MANAGEMENT.
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Flooding and recreation are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.
















                                                                                                                                     PAGE 137





                Lanes Island                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 26



         LOCATION:
            County, "'.: t,     tv: Suffolk, Southampton.
            Map Quad:  Quogut:, 4U,, 1 7 5.
            Directions: North of Tiana Beach in Shinnecock Bay.
            Owner: Southampton Trustees.
            Significant coastal habitat: Dune Road Marsh.

         SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
            Nest substrate: Dead herbaceous/wrack.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                      1982     1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988      1989
            CT          -       -      2000     4000      1780      3315      3270       437
            RT                           76      125        10        2         0         0
            BS                            4       4         72        49        36        26
            Comments:  Seatuck lists this site with Tiana Beach as "Lanes-Tiana East."

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Predation is a current threat.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Michael Scheibel, NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.












            PAGE 138






              Ponquogue Beach East                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 27



        LOCATION:
          County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Ponquogue.
          Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
          Directions: Located on barrier island, approximately 3/4 of a mile southwest of Shinnecok Inlet lookout tower. From junction of Dune and
        Lighthouse Roads, proceed approx. 1/2 mile northeast of Dune Rd. to Road 1. Turn right (southeast) onto Road I and park at road end. Site is
        located southwest from road end approx. 1/8 mile.
          Owner: Town of Southampton.
          Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

        SPECIES USE:
          Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
          Nest substrate: Sand.
          History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                   1982   1983   1984   1985    1986    1987     1988    1989

         Pp         -      2      2       1       2       4       4       2

         LT         70     34     50     51      120     25       3       3



          Comments:

        SITE MANAGEMENT:
          Land use history: No known dredging.
          Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
          Positive aspects:
          Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, advancing vegetational succession, vandalism and beach erosion.
          Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as needed. Educate
        the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds.
          Contacts: Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 31, Islip, NY 11751, (516) 581-6908.












                                                                                                               PAGE 139







                    Shinnecock Inlet                                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 27



            LOCATION:
              Countl               "fv: Suffolk, Southampton, Ponquogue.
              Map Ouad:    Shina-uci,        4007274.
              Directions:  On barrier island beach, approx. 1/8 southwest of Shinnecock Inlet lookout tower.
              Owner: Suffolk County (Shinnecock Inlet County Park West).
              Significant coastal habitat: Tiana Beach.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             Pp            -         2         2         2          0          0          0          0

             LT            150       19       88        16          0          0          0          0


              Comments:

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: The area is heavily used by recreational boaters, and boat traffic through the inlet is very heavy. The Shinnecock Inlet dredging
            project (SH39) benefited general navigation and commerce. The following amounts of dredge spoil were deposited at this site.


                                 1951         1968          1969           1973

             Cubic yards       110500       270300        113000         250900



              Protection: Monitored by TNC.
              Positive aspects: County-owned.
              Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, human disturbance from adjacent parking lot.
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Tiana Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds arrive.
            Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Use snow fence to segregate nesting area from parking lot and ORV traffic. Educate the public and ORV users
            about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk County Department of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-
            6767.






            PAGE 140







                  Southampton Beach                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 27



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Shinnecock Hills.
             Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
             Directions: The site is located on the south shore barrier island just east of Shinnecock Inlet. Road D is the fourth road from the inlet heading
           east, perpendicular to Dune Road.
             Owner. Town of Southampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Southampton Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984    1985       1986      1987      1988      1989

            Pp           -         0       2        4          6         6         5         10

            LT           50        0       10       5          0        22        57        302



             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT.
             Land use history: Doubtful that dredging activity from the nearby Shinnecock Inlet directly affects this site.
             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Good productivity by least terns and piping plovers.
             Threats: Recreation, pets (dogs), ORV traffic and predation (gulls).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Southampton Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Continue to educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Restrict
           ORV use or limit speeds.
             Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
           Mike Scheibel, Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bldg. #40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.











                                                                                                                                           PAGE 141





                                                                                                                                  Sd . I
                  Warner Islands                                                                                                       MAP NO. 27



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Localit). Suffolk, Southampton.
             Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
             Directions: East of Ponquogue Bridge, west of Shinnecock Inlet.
             Owner: Southampton Trustees.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Sand - grass/sedge/rush/herb-dead herbaceous/wrack.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            CT           -       -       468      1130      1073      1163      1250      3900

            RT                             0        0         0        14         ?         12

            BS                            68       108       126       40        76        34

             Comments:  Three subcolonies: east island, west island, and south island.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: Posted.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a serious current threat; predation, recreation, and pets are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. 040, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 1] 790, (516) 751-7900.















           PAGE 142







                   Middle Pond Inlet                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 28



           LOCATION:
              County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Shinnecock Hills.
              Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
              Directions: Middle Pond is located on the eastern shores of Shinnecock Bay, just south of Far Pond and just north of Old Fort Pond. The colony
           is found on the southwestern peninsula of the pond's surrounding land mass.
              Owner: Town of Southampton.
              Significant coastal habitat: Far Pond and Middle Pond Inlets.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983      1984     1985      1986       1987       1988       1989

            PP             -        4        2         4         2          2          4         2

            LT            82        33       10       18         13         11        95         42


              Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: The Middle Pond dredging project (SH13) deposited spoil solely for beach nourishment as follows:
                               1 1982          1983         1984        1985           1989
              Cubic yards      1 45400        105400       11400        37000         42000

              Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Neighbors very helpful with monitoring the colony and protecting it
           from disturbance. Good predictability of breeding activity between years. Pristine habitat excellent for nesters.
              Threats: Flooding, predation (gulls) and minimal recreation (boat landing).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Far Pond and Middle Ponds Inlet significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony
           as birds arrive. Place future dredge spoil closer to the point so as to diminish flooding potential. Implement predator control (exclosures). Educate
           the public about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Philip Kraft, 68 Far Pond Rd., Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 473-0557.







                                                                                                                                                 PAGE 143







                 Phillips Pond                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 29



          LOCATION:
            County, 'I own,         Suffolk, Southampton, Wickapogue.
            Map Quad: Sag Harbor, .''11"7283.
            Directions: Phillips Pond is located southeast of Wickapogue and directly east of Wickapogue Pond, and just west of Fowler St. The colony is
          located directly south of where Fowler St. ends.
            Owner. Town of Southampton.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

           PP           -         0       0        2         0          0         1         2

           LT           0         0       0        37        4          0        15         12


            Comments:


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging.
            Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Relatively good predictability of nesting activity between years.
            Threats: ORV traffic and pets (dogs).
            Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
          speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
          Mike Scheibet, Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bidg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.














          PAGE 144








                  Old Town Road Site                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 29


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Wickapogue.
             Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.
             Directions: The site is located at the very end and just east of Old Town Rd. in Southampton, midway between Old Town Pond and Wickapogue
           Pond.
             Owner: Town of Southampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983     1984    1985      1986       1987     1988      1989

            PP           -       ?        ?        2         ?         0         0         ?

            LT           ?       ?        ?       25         ?         13        0         ?


             Comments:  Also called Gin Lane East and Wickapogue Pond.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use.
             Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
             Recommendations: Designate area as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use
           or limit speeds. Continue to educate beach users and area residents about beach nesting birds.
             Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.















                                                                                                                                        PAGE 145






                 Coopers Neck Pond                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 2R



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality. Suffolk, Southampton.
            Map Quad: Shinnecock Inlet, 4007274.
            Directions: East of Shinnecock Indian Reservation, nothern side of Meadow Lane.
            Owner: Town of Southampton.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Shoreline, ocean/estuary.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                       1982    1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

           LT           0        0       0        0         0         6         0         0



            Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: Posted, string-fenced, and patrolled.
            Positive aspects:
            Threats: Pets, vehicles, and recreation are current threat; flooding, predation, vandalism, and development are potential threats.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516),751-7900.
















          PAGE 146








                  Mecox Beach                                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 30



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Mecox.
             Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.
             Directions: From Montauk Highway in Southampton, take Flying Point Road south and east about 2 miles to end. Site is on beach east of road
           end.
             Owner: Town of Southampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Mecox Bay and Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, intertidal beaches and mudflats, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987      1988       1989

            PP           -         3        4        0          2         0          0          1

            LT           0        27        14       0          3         0          2         0

             Comments:    Some numbers represent breeding populations, although the area is mostly used as a foraging and loafing area by piping plovers,
           least terns and other shorebirds.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history. The Mecox Bay dredging project (SH12) was carried out for beach nourishment and spoil deposited as follows.


                                                                                1982        1989

                                                          Cubic yards          71100        volume
                                                                                            unknown

             Protection: Monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Site has good food resources for piping plovers and least terns, although nesting is uncommon.
             Threats: ORV traffic, recreation and predation (gulls).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mecox Bay and Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
           arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Locate future spoil deposition in area of inlet with less human disturbance. Implement predator control
           (exclosures). Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
           Allen Jackson, Southampton Parks and Recreation, Southampton, NY 11968.





                                                                                                                                              PAGE 147






                Sams Creek                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 30



          LOCATION:
           County, Towm          Suffolk, Southampton, Mecox.
           Map Quad: Sag Harjul,  '(1117283.
           Directions: Plover nest was issund just west of the end of Atlantic Ave., south of Sams Creek on the beach front.
           Owner: Town of Southampton.
           Significant coastal habitat: Adjacent to but not included in Mecox Bay and Beach.

          SPECIES USE:
           Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
           Nest substrate: Sand.
           History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                      1982    1983    1984    1985      1986      1987     1988      1989

           PP          -        1       0       0         2         6        2         0
          LT           90       3       0       0         10        0        0         0

           Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
           Land use history: No known dredging.
           Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
           Positive aspects: Relatively good predictability of nesting activity between years.
           Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and pets (dogs).
           Recommendations: Expand Mecox Bay and Beach significant coastal habitat to include this area, or designate the area by itself as a significant
          coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
          Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
           Contacts: Frank and Myra Weiser, Box 846 Surdside Dr., Bridgehampton, NY 11932, (516) 537-3166. Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of
          Environmental Protection, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. #40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.













          PAGE 148







                  Sagaponack Pond                                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 31



          LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Sagaponack.
             Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.                                                                                                    ting it from
             Directions: Sagaponack Lake is located just south of Bridgehampton in the Town of Southampton with a narrow belt of land separa
          the Atlantic Ocean. The birds nest on this narrow belt of land.
             Owner: Town of Southampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Sagaponack Inlet.

          SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984      1985      1986       1987       1988      1989

            PP            -        2        2        2          2          4          0         2

           LT            20        12       6        15         0          10         5         19


             Comments:



          SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
             Threats: ORV traffic, recreation, pets (dogs) and predation (gulls).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Sagaponak Inlet significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
          Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
          nesting birds.
             Contacts: Judy Froebel, 1100 Meadow Lane, Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 283-8627 is local, interested resident.           Mike Scheibel, NYS
          Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.











                                                                                                                                                PAGE 149







                  Peters Lane                                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 31




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Sagaponack.
             Map Quad: Sag Harbor, 4007283.
             Directions: Peters Lane is located midway between Sagaponack Lake and Wainscott Pond, just east of Peters Pond. The colony is located on the
           beach at the end of the lane.
             Owner. Town of 'Southampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984      1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

            PP            -         0        1         2          2         0          0          0

            LT            30        0        8        28         11         3          0          0

             Comments: A Seatuck and Heritage synonym for this colony is Fairfield Pond Lane.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging.
             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
             Threats- ORV traffic, recreation and pets (dogs).
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
           speeds. Continue to educate beach users and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach nesting birds.
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.*40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-
           7900.
















           PAGE 150







                  Pine Neck                                                                                                         SEE MAP No. 32



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Noyak.
            Map Quad: Sag Harbor and Greenport, 4007283 and 4007213, respectively.
            Directions: Pine Neck is located in the south part of Noyack Bay midway between Jessup Neck and North Haven. The colony is located on the
          peninsula north of Mill Creek, just west of Pine Neck Ave.
            Owner. Town of Southampton.
            Significant coastal habitat: Noyack Bay Beaches.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
            Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983     1984     1985       1986      1987      1988      1989

           PP            -        2        2        3         2          2         2         2

           LT            30       17      82      250        600       342        80         0

            Comments:



          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: The Mill Creek dredging project (SH14) deposits spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting two marinas and a yacht club with
          145 slips and 35 moorings.                                  1982          1988          1989

                                                 Cubic yards         180700        27100          13000

            Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Excellent productivity of both piping plovers and least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
            Threats: Recreation, pets (dogs and cats), ORV traffic and advancing vegetational succession.
            Recommendations: Maintain as part of Noyack Bay Beaches significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
          Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Continue
          to restrict ORV use with snow fences, limit speeds. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting.
            Contacts: Town of Southampton, 116 Hampton Rd., Southampton, NY 11968.
          Mike Scheibel, Department of Environmental Conservation    Stony Brook Campus, Bldg. #40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.






                                                                                                                                          PAGE 151







                 Morton National Wildlife Refuge                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 32



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: !*!,ffolk, Southampton.
            Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
            Directions: On Noyack Road, approximately 5 miles east of North Sea and 3.5 miles west of Sag Harbor.
            Owner: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Gravel beach.
            Nest substrate: Sand - gravel.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983    1984     1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

           PP            -       0        0        0         2         0         0          2

           LT            0       0        90       0         16        0         0          6

           CT            -        -       40       0         0         0         0          0

          Comments: Exact area used for nesting is unclear.

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Unknown.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects: Managed as a wildlife refuge.
            Threats: Unknown.
            Recommendations:
            Contacts: Refuge Manager, Wertheim NWR, P.O. Box 21, Shirley, NY 11967















          PAGE 152







                   Cow Neck                                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 33



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, North Sea.
              Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
              Directions: Located on small island in Bull Head Bay between Little Sebonac and Sebonac Creeks. Birds nest on beach by Great Peconic Bay.
              Owner. Private.
              Significant coastal habitat: Cow Neck.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
              Historr. The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983      1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             PF             -        3          2       4            6         4         10           6

             LT            24        30        48       51          35        18         37          72

             CT             -        -          0       4            0         0          0           0

              Comments:    Seatuck name is "Bullhead Bay."

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: Dredge spoil from the Sebonac Creek dredging project (SH35) was deposited here for beach nourishment, benefiting the Bull
            Head Yacht Club with its boat ramp.                      1958           1967           1968           1981
                                              Cubic yards          110200          58700         51500            8900
              Protection: "No boat landing" signs posted and site monitored by TNC in 1987 and 1988.    Private ownership and resident Sun club patrol the island
            and discourage recreation or trespassing.
              Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote, island location. ORV use light, restricted to members of the nearby hunt club.
            Good productivity by both piping plovers and least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
              Threats: Predation (gull and raccoon), recreation (boat landing), flooding and occasional ORV traffic (from hunt club).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cow Neck significant coastal habitat. Implement predator control for raccoons. Continue to monitor and
            protect the colony as birds arrive. Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Maintain relations with local gun club for
            permission to post and monitor the colony. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Peter Salm, North Sea Rd., Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 283-0302.





                                                                                                                                                      PAGE 153







                   Sebonac Neck                                                                                                                SEE MAP NO. 33


           LOCATION:
              County, Town, V111,vqe: Suffolk, Southampton, Shinnecock Hills.
              Map Quad: Soutfia_q,z:r. 4007284.
              Directions: The colony is located on the peninsula that separates Cold Spring Pond from Great Peconic Bay, from the western tip of that peninsula
           east to Cold Spring Rd.
              Owner: Private.
              Significant coastal habitat: Sebonac Neck.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                          1982      1983     1984     1985        1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP             -        4         3        2           4          4          4          4

             LT             0       95        42        63        160        103         41         55

            CT              -        -         0        0          16         45         17         44


              Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: The Cold Spring Pond dredging project (SH4) places spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting a local marina with 45 slips.


                                                            1964        1967         1971        1975      1982      1986      1987

                                        Cubic yards        124800      29800        23900       28300     48000     22500      7000

              Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Local residents and TNC regularly patrol the site.
              Positive aspects: Some local cooperation with residents to protect the colony. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Good
           productivity by both piping plovers and least terns.
              Threats: Heavy recreation, ORV traffic, flooding, pets (dogs) and predation (cats).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Sebonac Neck significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Continue to solicit support from residents for colony's protection. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Continue to
           restrict ORV traffic with fencing. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Continue to enhance the site (minimizing flooding)
           by proper dredge spoil deposition.
              Contacts: Ruth and Henry Heuze, 139 Cold Spring Point Rd., Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 238-2058 are permanent residents supportive of
           the colony's protection.






           PAGE 154






                   Wooley Pond                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 34


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Rose Grove.
             Map Quad- Southampton, 4007284.
             Directions: Wooley Pond is on the south shore of Little Peconic Bay, west of Rose Grove. The colony is on the peninsula, west of the pond.
             Owner. Five private owners of the area.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
             Nest substrate: Sand, spoil and cobble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983      1984     1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

             PP            -        0         0        3          0         0          0          0

             LT            0        -          -      13          18        9          15        18



           SITE MANAGEMENT-
             Land use history: Spoil from the Wooley Pond dredging project (SH50) was placed for beach nourishment, and benefits a local marina with 100
           slips and 20 moorings.         Year                1964        1967          1972          1975         1979
                                          Cubic yards       210800        15200         12800        12000         3000

                                          Year                1980        1981          1983         1984          1985

                                          Cubic yards         6700        2900          11300        6900          5000

             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Nearby landowners provided with explanation
           for posting and protection of the colony.
             Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
             Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and pets (dogs).
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony before birds arrive. Educate the public,
           area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Continue to restrict ORV use. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
           Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil.
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751 -
           7900.






                                                                                                                                                 PAGE 155







                   Fish Cove                                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 34



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southhampton, North Sea.
             Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
             Directions: The Fish Cove site is located on the north side of Noyack Rd. along the southeast side of North Sea Harbor.
             Owner: Unknown.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated, just south of Towd Point significant coastal habitat.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984      1985       1986        1987      1988       1989

            LT            0         0        0         0           0         6          0          0

             Comments: Numbers represent three breeding pairs for 1987 and only loafing birds for 1988.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Nearby dredging at North Sea Harbor may be responsible for the spoil located at this site. North Sea spoil is deposited for beach
           nourishment, benefiting a local marina with 130 slips and boat ramp.


                                           Year                1961          1964        1971          1975           1980

                                           Cubic yards       108100         18300       47500         25000          33900

                                           Year                1981          1982        1983          1984

                                           Cubic yards         2900          4500       22400         15800
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987. Snow-fenced in 1988 by unknown party. Volunteers coordinated by TNC
           in 1987.
             Positive aspects: Relatively low recreation due to remote location.
             Threats: Vegetational succession and recreation (new condos across street).
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Educate public and area residents
           about beach-nesting birds. Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Continue to monitor and protect colony as birds arrive.
           Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.





           PAGE 156







                   Towd Neck                                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 34


           LOCATION:
              County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, North Sea.
              Map Quad: Southampton, 4007284.
              Directions: Towd Point is on the south shore of Little Peconic Bay, north of North Sea Harbor. Site is about 3/4 mile east of harbor inlet.
              Owner. Town of Southampton.
              Significant coastal habitat: Towd Point.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983      1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

            Pp             -        0         1        0          0          0         0           0

            LT            60        65       46       33          0          8         0           0

              Comments:   Seatuck name is "North Sea Harbor, Towd Neck." The colony was abandoned in 1987, probably due to ORV traffic.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Landusehistorr. Dredge operations from nearby North Sea Harbor project (SH16) either directly or indirectly affect breeding birds at this site.
           Spoil is deposited for beach nourishment, benefiting a local marina with 130 slips and a boat ramp.


                                    Year               1961          1964         1971         1975           1980         1981
                                    Cubic yards       108100         18300      47500          25000         33900        2900

                                    Year               1982          1983        1984          1985           1986         1987

                                    Cubic yards        4500         22400        15800         10000         14000        10000

              Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Relatively good predictability of nesting activity between years (as long as ORV traffic is discouraged).
              Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, predation (gulls, crows) and pets (dogs).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Towd Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Continue to restrict ORV use. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
           Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Use predator exclosures.
              Contacts: Dave Baldwin, Cedar Crest, Southampton, NY 11968, (516) 283-4221 a local, interested resident.





                                                                                                                                                  PAGE 157







                Fresh Pond Whalebone                                                                                       SEE MAP NO. 34



         LOCATION:
           County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton, Noyack.
           Map Quad:   Southampton, 4007284.
           Directions: Whalebone Landing is located on the south shore of Little Peconic Bay, east of Rose Grove and north of Noyac Road. The colony
         is between homes on East Shore Road and Little Peconic Bay, northeast of Fresh Pond.
           Owner: Private.
           Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

         SPECIES USE:
           Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.                                                                                              ji
           Nest substrate: Gravel.
           History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.


                     1983     1984    1985    1986      1987      1988     1989

           LT          -       -       -       -         -         -         15

           Comments: Residents report seeing least terns here in 1988, but no official counts were reported.

         SITE MANAGEMENT:
           Land use history: No known dredging. Beach is heavily used by residents for swimming and sunbathing.
           Protection: None.
           Positive aspects: No ORV access.                                                                                                           it
           Threats: Heavy use by association members. Bayfront residents use direct access paths from homes to beach rather than main beach entrance.
         Predation by gulls is a current problem.
           Recommendations: Negotiate management agreement with homeowner's assciation. Limit access to beach to a restricted number of routes.
           Contacts: South Fork-Shelter Island Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, PO Box JJJJ, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 324-1330.
















         PAGE 158







                   Red Cedar Point                                                                                                         SEE MAP NO. 35



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, Southampton, Hampton Bays.
             Map Quad: Mattituck, 4007285.
             Directions: Red Cedar Point juts from the south into Flanders Bay with Cow Yard Beach just west and Red Cedar Creek Pond just east.
             Owner- Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Flanders Bay Wetlands.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
             Historr. The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984      1985       1986      1987       1988       1989

            PP             -        1         1        2         2          2          2           4

            LT             2       33        9        17         24         10        27          25

            CT             -        -        0         0         0          0          7           0

             Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Dredge spoil deposition is currently active at nearby Red Creek Pond, but it is doubtful that Red Cedar Point is affected by
           this operation.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Doris Koffman has given TNC permission to post her land and protect the birds.
             Positive aspects: ORV traffic and general recreation not common since it is private land. Relatively good productivity by both piping plovers
           and least terns at this site. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
             Threats: Recreation (boat landing), flooding and pets (dogs).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Flanders Bay Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
           arrive. Maintain relations with Ms. Koffman to see that the colony is protected. Continue to post with "no boat landing" signs to discourage this
           activity. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Site could be enhanced (flooding reduced) with proper deposition of dredge
           spoil.
             Contacts: Doris Koffman, Red Cedar Point, Hampton Bays, NY 11946, (516) 728-3980.               Mike Scheibel, Department of Enviornmental
           Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bldg.*40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-7900.









                                                                                                                                                 PAGE 159







                  Goose Creek                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 35




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southampton.
             Map Quad: Mattituck, 4007285.
             Directions: On north side of Rt. 24 (Riverhead- Hampton Bays Road), approximately 3.5 miles east of Riverhead.
             Owner: Suffolk County Parks Department (Flanders Parkland).
             Significant coastal habitat: Flanders Bay Wetland.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Salt-water, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            PP            -       4        1        2        2          0        2         2

            LT           30       16      72        4        8          0        15        33

            CT            -       -        6        7        2          0        4         0

             Comments:  Two subcolonies: "Point" subcolony inactive since 1986; "Inlet" subcolony is active nesting site. Exact area used for nesting is unclear.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: None.
             Positive aspects: Unknown.
             Threats: Flooding and recreation are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk County Department of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-
           6767. Seatuck Research Program, P.O. Box 3 1, Islip, NY If 751, (516) 581-6908.














           PAGE 160




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                        MAP No. 24 TOWN OF SOUTHHAMPTON
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                        A: (See Map No. 23)                   B: (See Map No. 23)                           C: PIKES BEACH




                 New York State Depariment of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco




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                      MAP No. 25 TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON

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                MAP    No. 26 TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON
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                A: DUNE ROAD QUOGUE                 D: GREATER GREENBACKS ISLAND G: LANES ISLAND

                B: SEDGE ISLAND                     E: HOT DOG BEACH                    H: PONQUOGUE BEACH WEST

                C: LESSER GREENBACKS ISLAND         F: TIANA BEACH

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                    MAP     No. 34           TOWN      OF    SOUTHAMPTON

                    A: TOWD NECK                           C: FRESH POND WHALEBONE

                    B: WOOLEY POND                         D: FISH COVE



             New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco Man
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                      MAP       No. 35             TowN OF             SOUTHAMPTON

                      A: GOOSE CREEK                                  B: RED CEDAR POINT                                 C: (See Map No. 36)





               NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization         Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco       Marc







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                                                                                  Miles





                EAST HAMPTON                                                                   Map No. 48
                Map No. 43                                                                         Goff Point    ...............................           169
                    Georgica!'-@l 7    ...........................          163                    Hicks Island     .............................          170

                Map No. 44                                                                     Map No. 49
                    Af aidstopir R.-ach  ..........................         164                    Louse Point    ..............................           171
                                                                                                   Gerard Drive Site    ..........................         172
                Map No. 45                                                                         Gerard Park    ..............................           173
                    Napeague Beach West     .......................         165                    Cartwright Island     .........................         174

                Map No. 46                                                                     Map No. 50
                    Napeague Beach East     .......................         166                    Lionhead Beach     ...........................          175
                    Hither Hills East   ..........................          167                    Sarnmys Beach     ............................          176

                Map No. 47                                                                     Map No. 51
                    Oyster Pond    ..............................           168                    Northwest Harbor     ..........................         177

                                                                                               Map No. 52
                                                                                                   Cedar Point East Hampton      ...................       178
























                PAGE 162







                Georgica Pond                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 43


          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Georgica Pond.
            Map Quad: East Hampton, 4007282.
            Directions: Ocean and pond beaches are at the mouth of Georgica Pond.
            Owner. Town of East Hampton.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                      1982    1983    1984    1985     1986      1987     1988      1989

           PP          -       0        2       4        4        4         13       7

           LT          0       0        4      18        0        14       69       245


            Comments:



          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: Town trustees dredge the inlet of the pond each spring. Area is traditionally used by crabbers.
            Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC from 1986 to 1988. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Patrolled by Town
          of East Hampton.
            Positive aspects: High quality habitat. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
            Threats: Flooding, heavy ORV traffic, recreation and pets.
            Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate the public, area
          residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Patrol on site, especially during the 4th of July weekend.
          Enhance site to help prevent flooding by placing sand on the eastern and western land masses on either side of the inlet. Restrict pets and educate
          owners about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., Town of East Hampton, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.












                                                                                                                               PAGE 163





                   Maidstone Beach                                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 44



           LOCATION:
             County, Towr 11,11pge: Suffolk, East Hampton, East Hampton.
             Map Quad: t7,            on, 4007282.
             Directions: OtL;        *, @_!,@h of eastern part of Town of East Hampton in front of Maidstone Beach Club and adjacent to private homes.
             Owner: Town of East Hampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Atlantic Double Dune.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987      1988       1989

            PP              -        0         0        0          2          1         0          2

            LT             40        31       12        0         26         52         40        30



             Comments:



           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging. Area is used as a bathing beach for the private Maidstone Club.
             Protection: Snow- and string-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC from 1986 to 1988. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Land above high tide line qwned and managed by Maidstone Club, which has given TNC permission to protect the area. Area
           adjacent to TNC property. Good numbers and productivity of least terns. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
             Threats: ORV traffic, recreation and pets (dogs).
             Recommendations: Expand Atlantic Double Dune significant coastal habitat west to include entire site. Continue to monitor and protect colony
           as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about
           beach-nesting birds. Important to monitor colony during July 4 weekend. Maintain relations with manager of beach club to continue protecting
           colony.
             Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001. Cid Cerchiai,
           Maidstone Beach Club, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462. Polly Bruckman, East Hampton Garden Club, East Hampton, NY 11937,(516)
           324-4020.










           PAGE 164








               Napeague Beach West                                                                          SEE MAP NO. 45



         LOCATION:
           County, Town, Locality. Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
           Map Quad: Napeague Beach, 4007281.
           Directions: From Route 27, east of Amagansett, turn south onto Dolphin Road. Beach access is on left side of road. Go left (east) after reaching
         beach; site is about 20 yards away from access point.
           Owner: Private.
           Significant coastal habitat: Napeague Beach.

         SPECIES USE:
           Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
           Nest substrate: Sand.
           History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                   J982    1983   1984   1985    1986     1987    1988    1989

           Pp               2      0       4       1       2        0      0

           LT               Is     12     22      23       27       0      0


           Comments: Reasons for lack of least tern nesting in 1988 unknown. Plovers used a relatively large area for feeding after chicks hatched.


         SITE MANAGEMENT:
           Land use history: No known dredging. Area is used as a private and public bathing beach.
           Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Good volunteer tern warden lived
         nearby and patrolled the colony often.
           Positive aspects: Nearly pristine habitat. Relatively low recreational use. Neighbors cooperative, contribute to protection efforts, Good
         predictability of nesting activity between years.
           Threats: ORV traffic and predation (fox, gulls).
           Recommendations: Maintain as part of Napeague Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
         Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
           Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., Town of East Hampton, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8461










                                                                                                                 PAGE 165






                 Napeague Beach East                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 46



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
            Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4007211.
            Directions: Take Route 27 east out of Amagansett, go 5 miles to Navahoe Lane, go south on Navahoe Lane to end. Site is on beach south of road.
            Owner: Town of East Hampton.
            Significant         'Ntat: East of and adjacent to Napeague Beach, but not included.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982    1983     1984    1985      1986      1987      1988    1989

           PP            -       -       2        6         5         4         1       2

           LT                            26      37        29         9        0        9

            Comments:   Colony was not established in 1988 due to heavy recreational use and ORV traffic.


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging. Area is used as a private and public bathing beach.
            Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Nearly pristine habitat is easily protected from human disturbance.
            Threats: ORV traffic and predation (fox, gulls).
            Recommendations: Expand Napeague Beach signif icant coastal habitat to include site. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
          Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Implement predator control (or exclosures). Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
                                                                                                         -8462. George Larson, Manager of East
            Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., Town of East Hampton, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267
          End L.I. Parks, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.














          PAGE 166








                  Hither Hills East                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 46



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Montauk Beach.
             Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4107211.
             Directions: From junction of Montauk Highway and Old Montauk Highway, go east on Old Montauk Highway approx. 2 1/8 miles to Hither Hills
           State Park Ranger Station, on the south side of the road. Park in lot. Site is located approx. 200 yards southwest from ranger station, on beach
             Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Hither Hills State Park).
             Significant Coastal Habitat: Napeague Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984    1985       1986     1987      1988      1989

            PP           -        -        -        -         -        -         2         ?



             Comments: First record of nesting piping plovers at this site in 1988.


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging. Area used as a public bathing beach.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Habitat quality is good.
             Threats: ORV traffic, recreation and predation (gulls).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Napeague Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nesting areas as birds return.
           Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Implement predator control (exclosures).
             Contacts: George Larson, Manager, East End Parks, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554. South Fork-Shelter Island
           Chapter, The Nature Conservancy, P.O. Box JJJJ, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 324-1330.












                                                                                                                                          PAGE 167







                                                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 47
                  Oyster Pond


          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Montauk Point.
            Map Quad: Me-- @: Point, 4107118.
            Directions: Follow Rou;,- 27 to the east terminus. Two miles southwest of turnaround, look for dirt road. Go north to end of road. Site is on
          north shore between Oyster Pond and Block Island Sound.
            Owner: N"_           -F Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Montauk Point State Park).
            Significant coastal fiabi ' Oyster Pond.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                        1982     1983    1984      1985     1986      1987     1988     1989

            PP            -        -       0         0        0         0        0        0
            LT                             80        0        0         0        0        0
            CT                             80        0        0         0        0        0

            Comments:



          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging.
            Protection: Monitored by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks.
            Threats: ORV traffic and flooding.
            Recommendations: Maintain as part of Oyster Pond significant coastal habitat. Monitor and protect the colony if birds arrive. Restrict ORV
          use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: George Larson, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.












          PAGE 168









                   Goff Point                                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 48



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
             Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4107211.
             Directions: Peninsula extending west and south from extreme northwestern corner of Hither Hills State Park. The tip is the northern shore of
           the navigable entrance to Napeague Harbor.
             Owner. NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Hither Hills State Park).
             Significant coastal habitat: Napeague Harbor.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983      1984     1985      1986       1987     1988       1989

             PP            -        -         0         0       2          0         0           0

             LT            -        -         75       45       0          18        19         25

             RT            -        -         0         0       0          2         0           0

             CT            -        -         0         0       0          0         3           0


             Comments:



           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: The inlet to Napeague Harbor was dredged in 1967 (342,000 cy), and the spoil was placed in an upland position on Hicks Island,
           benefiting the town boat ramp at Lazy Point. Spoil could be used at Goff Point for site enhancement in the future if necessary.
             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC from 1986 to 1988. Patrolled by rangers at Hither Hills State Park.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Good predictability
           of nesting activity by least terns between years.
             Threats: ORV traffic (fishermen), unsuitable substrate (very compacted), predation (gulls) and minimal recreation (boat landing).
             Recommendations: Maintain as Napeague Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Educate
           fishermen about beach-nesting birds and/or restrict their ORV use and limit speeds. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil, covering
           the compacted soil with better materials.
             Contacts: George Larson, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.






                                                                                                                                                  PAGE 169






                    Hicks Island                                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 48


            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Napeague.
              MapQt,c-' - "--rs Island East, 4107211.
              Directious. i he ,..     -tern edge of Napeague Harbor with the eastern lobe making up the southern shore of Napeague Harbor entrance channel.
              Owner NYS Office of 1,., -i, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Hither Hills State Park).
              Significant coastal habitat: Napeague Harbor.

            SPECIF. '. ' '@-
              Communit'y"iype: Maritiiw. @and beach and dune and dredge spoil.
              Nest substrate: Sand/cobble, sand/pebble.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983      1984      1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

             PP              -        2         2          1        0           3        2         4

             LT              -        45       46          0        0           27       0        47

             RT              -        -        80          0        0           0        18       40

             CT              -                600          0        0           is      360       476

             BS                                0          0         0           0        0        32


              Comments:


            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: The Napeague Harbor dredging project (EH3) benefits the town boat ramp at Lazy Point Park. Dredge spoil (342,000 cubic
            yards) was deposited on an upland site on Hicks Island in 1967.
              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by New York State Parks. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location (island). No ORV use.
            Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
              Threats: Predation (rats and gulls), advancing vegetational succession and recreation (occasional boat landing).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Napeague Harbor significant coastal habitat. Implement predator control of rats. Manage vegetation for
            optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Enhance site with proper deposition of
            dredge spoil. Manage historic nesting areas for optimal roseate tern nesting.
              Contacts: George Larson, Hither Hills State Park, Montauk, NY 11954, (516) 668-2554.








            PAGE 170








                   Louse Point                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 49


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Springs.
             Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
             Directions: Louse Point is located east of Wood Tick Island, and is the southernmost peninsula of Accabonac Harbor, bordered to the east by
           Napeague Bay.
             Owner: Town of East Hampton.
             Significant coastal habitat: Accabonac Harbor.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982     1983     1984      1985      1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP            -        0        2        0          0          4          4          4

             LT           40        0        10       0          0          17         0          0

             Comments:    Least terns seen here in 1988, but no nesting occurred. Seatuck name is "Accabonac Harbor."

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: The Accabonac Harbor dredging project deposited spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting two town boat ramps. Cannot be
           sure how much of this spoil was actually placed on Louse Point.


                                  1982         1983       1984        1985          1986

             Cubic Yards         205000       74000      17000       30000         30000

             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned by town, able to manage vegetation.
             Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, advancing vegetational succession, predation (unknown) and pets (dogs).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Educate beach users, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Manage vegetation for optimal
           least tern nesting. Determine predator and implement predator control if appropriate. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
           Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil.
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, Department of Environmental Conservation, Stony Brook Campus, Bidg.#40, Stony Brook, NY 11970, (516) 751-7900.
           Larry Penny, Town of East Hampton, 159 Pantigo Road, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.






                                                                                                                                                 PAGE 171






                   Gerard Drive Site                                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 49



           LOCATION:
              County, To--,,           '7-iffolk, East Hampton, Springs.
              Map Quad: Gardim,.z, j.         @ist, 4107112.
              Directions: Gerard Point is "@., .:,,s the Accabonac Harbor inlet from Louses Point, and in the southern terminus to the northern peninsula enclosing
           Accabonac Harbor. This colony is at the very tip of the point.
              Owner: Town of East Hampton.
              Significant coastal habitat: Accabonac Harbor.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.

                         1982      1983     1984      1985       1986       1987        1988       1989

            PP             -         0        0         0          0          4           4          4
            LT                       -         -        -           -          -          -          4

              Comments: Fourteen    roseate terns were seen here in  1988, but they have never nested here.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: The Accabonac Harbor dredging project (EHI) deposited spoil for beach nourishment, benefiting two town boat ramps. Spoil
           taken from the inlet may be placed on this site and Louses Point.


                                      1982           1983           1984            1985           1989

              Cubic Yards           205000          74000          17000           30000          30000
              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1988. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC. Neighbors regularly watching site.
              Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
              Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic, pets (dogs) and advancing vegetational succession.
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach nesting birds. Continue
           to enhance site with the proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for least tern nesting. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds.
              Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.







           PAGE 172







                Gerard Park                                                                                           SEE MAP NO. 49



         LOCATION:
           County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Springs.
           Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
           Directions: Town park and adjacent public beach approximately 1/2 of a mile north of tip of peninsula that encloses a major portion of Accabonac
         Harbor.
           Owner: Town of East Hampton.
           Significant coastal habitat: Accabonac Harbor.

         SPECIES USE:
           Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
           Nest substrate: Sand and pebble.
           History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                     1982    1983    1984   1985      1986     1987     1988     1989

                              0        0      4        0         2        2        2

          LT                  -        -      4        0         0        0        0
          PP



           Comments:



         SITE MANAGEMENT.
           Land use history: Dredging does occur a half mile south at the Accabonac Harbor inlet, but this activity probably does not affect this site.
           Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1988.
           Positive aspects: Owned and managed by the Town of East Hampton.
           Threats: ORV traffic (fishermen), recreation, pets (dogs) and gulls.
           Recommendations: Maintain as part of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
         Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
         nesting birds.
           Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bidg.#40, Stony Brook, 11970,(516) 751-7900.
         Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.











                                                                                                                           PAGE 173






                 Cartwright Island                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 49


          LOCATION:                  ."J folk, East Hampton, Gardiners Island.
            County, Town, Locaiity: .
            Map Quad: Gardiners Island East, 4107211.
            Directions: Peninsula at the extreme southern end of Gardiners Island.
            Owner: Private.
            Significant coastal habitat: Gardiners Island.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988       1989

           LT            0        0        0        0         0         2         -         0

           CT            -        -       40       285      250        738        -         0

           RT                              -        57        5        133        -         0

           BS                                      42        36        53         -         0

            Comments: Seatuck name is "Gardiner's Island, Cartwright Point subcolony."


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging.
            Protection: Birds on this private island have never been otherwise protected.
            Positive aspects: No recreation due to the remote location of the private island. Good predictability of nesting activity between years.
            Threats: Predation (gulls), flooding and recreation (minimal boat landing).
            Recommendations: Maintain as part of Gardiners; Island significant coastal habitat. Seek management agreement (if appropriate) with private
          owners to protect beach-nesting birds. Implement predator control (exclosures).
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. *40, Stony Brook, NY 11790,(516) 751-
          7900.












          PAGE 174







                  Lionhead Beach                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 50


          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Fireplace.
            Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
            Directions: The site is located just north of Maidstone Beach and just south of Hog Creek inlet at the end of Isle of Wight Road.
            Owner. Town of East Hampton.
            Significant coastal habitat: Northeast of Three Mile Harbor and northwest of Accabonac Harbor significant coastal habitats, but not included
          in either.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
                      The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
            History.


                       1982     1983     1984     1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

           PP            -        2        2        1         0          2         0         0

           LT            0        28       16       0         0          0         0         0

            Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history. Dredging activity occurs southwest at Three Mile Harbor inlet, but this activity probably does not affect Lionhead Beach.
            Protection: No protection as birds have not nested here recently.
            Positive aspects: Suitable habitat.
            Threats: Heavy recreation, pets (dogs) and flooding.
            Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Monitor the site in early May since recreation may discourage nesting; early protection
          may allow birds to nest successfully. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds. Restrict pets and educate owners about
          beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd., East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.














                                                                                                                                           PAGE 175






                   Sammys Beach                                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 50


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Village: Suffolk, East Hampton, Three Mile Harbor.
             Map Quad: Gardiners Island West, 4107212.
             Directions: On northwest shore of Three Mile Harbor, west of jetty.
             Owner: Town nFFast Hampton.
             Significai.1 -),       !,qfat: Three Mile Harbor.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/spoil, sand and pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

            PP             -         2        1         0          0         0          0          0

            LT            200      175       60         3          31        20         Is         5

            CT             -         -       52         88         28        75         39         so

            RT                                0         0          0         2          0          0

             Comments: Common terns nest on a nearby marsh "subcolony".         Roseate terns and black terns are also regularly seen here, although nests were
           never found. Seatuck name is "Three Mile Harbor."

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Area is used by local boaters and recreational is ts. The Three Mile Harbor dredge project (EH6) has deposited spoil for beach
           nourishment on both sides of the inlet (including Sammys Beach). Dredging benefits 10 marinas with 643 slips, a commercial fishing dock, three
           town boat ramps and slips at a county/town facility.

                                     1958        1961         1965         1974           1975

              Cubic Yards           82000       35000         106000      83000          90000

             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Good productivity by least terns.
             Threats: Heavy ORV traffic, recreation (fireworks display on 4th of July), predation (unknown) and advancing vegetational succession.
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Three Mile Harbor significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Continue to enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Restrict ORV
           use or limit speeds. Determine type of predator and implement control. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Larry Penny, 159 Pantigo Rd, East Hampton, NY 11937, (516) 267-8462.





           PAGE 176







                   Northwest Harbor                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 51



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Mill Hills Estate.
             Map Quad: Greenport and Gardiners Island West, 4107213 and 4007212, respectively.
             Directions: From Sag Harbor take 114 southeast 2 1/4 miles to Swamp Road. Turn east, go for about 2 miles to Northwest Landing road. Site
           is at end of road on bank of Northwest Creek.
             Owner: Suffolk County (Northwest Harbor County Park).
             Significant coastal habitat: Northwest Creek.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987      1988       1989

            LT            0        0        0        0          0          20        48         20



             Comments: Least terns were not seen since 1977 until colony was found in 1987. Piping plovers have been seen, but have not nested.


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Dredging from the Northwest Harbor project modified inlet orientation, placing spoil on a barrier spit. Town boat ramp
           (Northwest Landing Road) and informal moorings benefited.
                                  1961         1965         1971

             Cubic Yards         357000       49000        18000

             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County Parks. ORV access easily restricted. Relatively low recreational use.
             Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, recreation (hiking, boaters, fishermen) and ORV traffic.
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Northwest Creek significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Manage vegetation for optimal least tern nesting. Enhance site with proper deposition of dredge spoil. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate
           the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: John Turner and Al Brenner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516)
           924-6767 or (516) 324-2195.






                                                                                                                                                PAGE 177






                   Cedar Point East Hampton                                                                                                SEE MAP NO. 52



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, East Hampton, Grass Hollow.
              Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
              Directions: Long , -tward pointing peninsula separating Northwest Harbor and Gardiners Bay.
              Owner: Suffolk County      _Aar Point County Park).
              Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Point Peninsula.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

             PP            -         2        1        0          0          1         4          1

             LT            0        85       29        0          0          0         0          0

              Comments:   Seatuck name is "Cedar Point County Park."

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Land use history: No known dredging.
              Protection: Snow-fenced by Suffolk County Parks. String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1988. Volunteers also coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County. CIRV traffic light, restricted and monitored by county officials. Protection has given
            large, relatively undisturbed area to the birds.
              Threats: Recreation (boat landing and foot traffic), ORV traffic and predation (unknown).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cedar Point Peninsula significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
            arrive by fencing the south side of the site. Continue to post "no boat landing" signs along the shore. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate
            the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.
            At Brenner, same address as above, Park Supervisor, Cedar Point County Park, (516) 324-2195.













            PAGE 178




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                                    MAP No. 43                            TOWN OF EAST HAMPTON

                                    A: GEORGICA POND




                          New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources an@ Waterfront Revitalization                                       Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco,






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                        MAP     No.      44      TOWN OF EAST HAMPTON

                        A: MAIDSTONE BEACH





                 New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. CapobiancoM






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               Cherry Point                                                                  Napeague Harbor
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                          MAP No. 45 TOWN OF EAST HAMPTON

                          A: NAPEAGUE BEACH WEST




                  New Yo* State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization        Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco      h





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                               MAP       No.       46         TOWN         OF EAST HAMPTON
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              A                A: NAPEAGUE BEACH EAST                           B: HITHER HILLS EAST
           110,



                     New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                  Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco





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                               MAP        No.        47 TOWN                 OF EAST                HAMPTON

                               A: OYSTER POND



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                     NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                         Prepared by T. Hatt and G. Capoblanco             M





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                  New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco   K






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                     A: NORTHWESTHARBOR                               c el o n Ca_
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               NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobiancom






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                          MAP No. 52 TOWN OF EAST                                   HAMPTON
                          A: (See Map No. 53)                        B: (See Map No. 53)                                 C: CEDAR POINT EAST HAMF

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                   New York State  Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization  Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco

















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               SHELTERISLAND
               Map No.53                                                                      Map No. 57
                                                                                                  Richmond Creek     ...........................          191
                   Mashornack Point    ..........................          181                    Hog Neck Bay     ............................           192
                   Gibsons Beach    ............................           182                    Corey Creek    ..............................           193
                                                                                                  Cedar Beach Point Southold     ..................       194
               Map
                   Shell Beach   ......      ......................        183                Map No. 58
                   Crab Creek    ...............................           184
                                                                                                  Paradise Beach Point    .......................         195
                                                                                                  Port of Egypt  .............................            196
                                                                                                  Conkling Point   ............................           197
               SOUTHOLD                                                                           Jockey Creek Spoil    .........................         198

               Map No. 55                                                                     Map No. 59
                   Marraiooka Point    ..........................          185                    Gull Pond West   ............................           199
                   Downs Creek     .............................           f86
                   Kimogener Point    ...........................          187                Map No. 60
                   Fleets Neck    ..............................           188                    Orient Point State Park    .....................        200
                   Meadow Beach     ............................           189                Map No. 61
               Map No. 56                                                                         Mattituck Inlet  ............................           201
                   Robins Istand   .............................           190                Map No. 62
                                                                                                  East End Fishers Island    .....................        202

                                                                                              Map No. 63
                                                                                                  Great Gull Island   ..........................          203

















               PAGE 180








                  Mashomack Point                                                                                                   SEE MAP NO. 53




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island, Mashomack.
             Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
             Directions: The site is the southernmost land mass on Shelter Island, extending southward towards Sag Harbor with Gardiners Bay to the east and
           Shelter Island Sound to the west.
             Owner. Private (The Nature Conservancy).
             Significant coastal habitat: Mashomack Preserve -Shelter Island.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult piping plovers were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984     1985       1986      1987      1988      1989

                                  0        0        0         0         4          4         4

            LT                    -        -        -         -         -          -         4
            PP




             Comments:


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: No known dredging. Once part of hunting club, now run as a natural area.
             Protection: Area closed off to human traffic during the nesting season.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by TNC. Relatively low recreational use due to remote location.
             Threats: Predation (unknown) and recreation (occasional boatianding).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mashomack Preserve -Shelter Island significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect pairs of
           piping plovers if necessary. Implement predator control (if mammalian). Continue to post site with no boat landing signs. Educate visitors about
           beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.













                                                                                                                                          PAGE 181






                  Gibsons Beach                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 53



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island, Mashomack.
             Quad name: Greenport. 4107213.
             Directions: Site is located just north of Mashomack Point on the eastern side of that peninsula adjacent to Gardiners Bay on Shelter Island.
             Owner: Private (The Nature Conservancy).
             Significant coastal habitat: Mashomack Preserve -Shelter Island.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand and cobble.
             History: The following numbers of adult least terns were estimated in the years indicated.



                        1982    1983     1984     1985      1986      1987       1988      1989

             LT          -       0        0        0         0          6         0         0




             Comments: Least terns were seen here in 1988, at least one fledgling with them, but suspect that these were loafing birds.


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: None.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC in 1987. Monitored in 1988.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by TNC. ORV use light, restricted to official vehicles.
             Threats: Flooding and predation (gulls and raccoons).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mashomack Preserve-Shelter Island significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony
           as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures).
             Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.












           PAGE 182








                   Shell Beach                                                                                                        SEE MAP NO. 54


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island, Shelter Island.
             Map Quad: Greenport, 4107213.
             Directions: Site is a sand spit on the southeastern shore of Shelter Island, bordered to the north by West Neck Harbor and to the south by Shelter
           Island Sound.
             Owner. Town of Shelter Island.
             Significant coastal habitat: Shell Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune and dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand and sand/spoil.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984     1985      1986       1987      1988       1989

             Pp           -        2        2        3         2          4         2         0

             LT          30       12       19       40        132       359        47         35



             Comments:



           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Spoil from the West Neck Harbor project (SIIO) was deposited for beach nourishment benefiting two ramps as follows:

                                                            1955         1960       1965         1976          1983

                                        Cubic yards        8000        313000       19400       18800         17400

             Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Management agreement between the Town of Shelter Island and the South Fork/Shelter Island Chapter of The Nature
           Conservancy. Good predictability of nesting activity between years. Good productivity by both piping plovers and least terns. Relatively low
           recreation due to remote location when protected from occasional ORV use.
             Threats: ORV traffic, predation (unknown), pets (dogs) and recreation (boat landing).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Shell Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
           Determine type of predator and implement predator control. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
           nesting birds. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, P.O. Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964.






                                                                                                                                            PAGE 183





                 Crab Creek                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. 54



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Shelter Island.
            Map Quad: Greenport, 4147213.
            Directions: Site located at the end of Crab Creek Point, a peninsula on the West Neck of Shelter Island.
            Owner: Private.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds were estimated in the years indicated.



                       1983     1984    1985     1986      1987      1988      1989

           PP            0        0       2        0         0         0         3

           LT            -        -       -        -         -         -         58


            Comments: Both plovers and terns arrived at site in early June; may have moved from another site, maybe Shelf Beach? Seatuck name is "Shelter
          Island, Crab Creek."

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging. Owned and managed by homeowner's association. Northern end of point used for swimming, but little
          use of southern end of point.
            Protection: Area is closed to public and posted by homeowner's association.
            Positive aspects: Area is relatively remote from development and not used much by swimmers or ORVs.
            Threats: Flooding may be a potential threat.
            Recommendations: Monitor use by birds in future seasons. Coordinateprotection and monitoring with homeowner's association. Monitor potential
          threats from boaters and jet skiers from Crab Creek.
            Contacts: Mike Laspia, The Nature Conservancy, Mashomack Preserve, PO Box 850, Shelter Island, NY 11964, (516) 749-1001.











          PAGE 184








                  Marratooka Point                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 55




          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southhold, Mattituck.
            Quad name: Mattituck, 4007285.
            Directions: From Route 25 in Mattituck, go east on New Suffolk Rd. I mile to Marratooka Rd. Take second right, onto Bungalo Lane, follow
          to dead end (southeast). Site is east of road end, at mouth of Deep Hole Creek.
            Owners: Private.
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, and dredge spoil deposition site.
            Nest substrate: Sand/pebble and sand/spoil.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            PP           -        0       0        1         0         0         2         2

            LT           4        0       0        0         0         0         7        11


            Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Dredge history: Dredge spoil from the Deep Hole Creek project (S6) was deposited for beach nourishment on both sides of the inlet at Maratooka
          Pt.           1964      1972     1975      1976       1980     1982      1983     1987
            Cubic      243500    21100     4000      14000     15000     8800      6300     7000
            yards

            Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Landowners cooperated with protection efforts. Recreational use limited to residents. Proper deposition of dredge spoil has
          enhanced habitat for piping plovers and least terns by reducing flooding at this site.
            Threats: Predation (gulls) and recreation.
            Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Implement predator
          control. Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.






                                                                                                                                       PAGE 185






                 Downs Creek                                                                                                      SEE MAP NO. @s



          LOCATION:
            County, Town, Locality: Si.iffolk, Southold, Cutchogue.
            Quad name: Southampton, 4007284.
            Directions: Beaches at the mouth of Downs Creek.
            Owner: Private.
            Significant coastal habitat: Downs Creek.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate:
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988       1989

           PP           -        0       0        0         0         4         0          0



            Comments: Seatuck lists this site and Kimogener Point as subcolonies at "New Suffolk, Cutchogue."


          SITE MANAGENIENT:
            Dredge history: None.
            Protection: Monitored by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Relatively low recreational use due to remote location. Pristine habitat is easily protected with no ORV intrusions.
            Threats: Recreation, development and predation (gulls), pets.
            Recommendations: Maintain as part of Downs Creek significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
          Restrict or mitigate development. Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict ORV use. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-
          nesting birds.
            Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935, (516) 734-6605.














          PAGE 186







                  Kimogener Point                                                                                               SEE MAP NO. 55



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, New Suffolk.
             Quad name: Southampton, 4007284.
             Directions: Take New Suffolk Ave. east from Route 25 in New Suffolk. Go east just over 3 miles, turn left on Kimogener Point Rd., follow to
           end. Site is located on peninsula west of road end, at mouth of West Creek.
             Owner. Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987     1988      1989

             PP         -        0        0       0         0         4          2        1

             LT         ?        0        0       0         0         23        59        0

             Comments:  In 1988, least tern colony was abandoned due to flooding. Seatuck lists this site and Downs Creek as subcolonies at "New Suffolk,
           Cutchogue."

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history. The West Creek dredging project (S26) cleared a boat
           ramp (6 cars). Spoil was deposited on both sides of West Creek inlet for beach nourishment in the following quantities, not all on nesting areas.


                                                                     1966        1976       1982

                                                   Cubic yards      92500        9000       2800

             Protection: Owners did not allow fencing of site. Posted and monitored by TNC. Individual nests marked to make more visible to walkers in
           absence of fencing.
             Positive aspects: Access restricted to residents. ORV use restricted.
             Threats: Flooding, recreation, narrow beach and pets.
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and post the colony as birds arrive. Obtain permission to string-
           fence the colony and nest sites. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate area residents about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11951, (516) 734-6605.






                                                                                                                                      PAGE 187






                    Fleets Neck                                                                                                            SEE MAP NO. @5



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, East Cutchogue.
              Quad up- '-fhold, 4107214.
              Directh;_ __,_        , beach south of the end of Fleetwood Road in East Cutchogue, on the northwest side of Cutchogue Harbor. From the North
            Ferry in Greenport, take i,    1 15 west 9.4 miles to Pequash Ave., turn left onto Pequash Ave. and proceed 0.9 miles to a fork in the road. Bear
            left onto Fleetwood Rd, follow i teetwood to end.
              Owner: Private.
              Significant coastal habitat: Cutchogue Harbor and Wetlands.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
              Nest substrate: N/A.
              History: The following numbers of adult piping plovers were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

             PP            -         0        0        1          0          0          1         0



              Comments: Recreational use from area residents reduces potential for successful nesting.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Dredge history: None.
              Protection: Monitored by TNC.
              Positive aspects:
              Threats: Recreation, ORV traffic and pets.
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cutchogue Harbor and Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect nest sites
            if birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Educate the public, area residents
            and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.













            PAGE 188







                  Meadow Beach                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 55



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Nassau Point.
             Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
             Directions: From Route 25 in East Cutchogue, take Skunk Lane south I mile to Bay Ave. Go 1/2 mile east on Bay Ave. to Nassau Point Rd.
           Follow Nassau Point Rd. to end. Site is on beach west of road end.
             Owner: Private (The Nature Conservancy).
             Significant coastal habitat: Cutchogue Harbor and Wetlands.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, salt marsh.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            Pp           -        4        3        3         2         2         2         1

            LT           60       25      18       45        21        17        27         16

             Comments:   Both species abandoned nest site in 1988 due to flooding.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: None.
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by TNC. Relatively low human disturbance due to protected status.
             Threats: Flooding and recreation (boaters).
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Cutchogue Inlet and Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as
           birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures). Restrict boat-landing (signs). Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.















                                                                                                                                         PAGE 189






                 Robins Island                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 56



          LOCATION:
            County, T--      -1-tv: Suffolk, Southold, Robins Island.
            Quad natu,@ ot,         .' 4007284.
            Directions: Island in UredL  .;nic Bay, north of Southampton.
            Owner: Private.
            Significant coastal habitat: Robins Island.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                       1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

           PP           -        0        0        2         2         0         0         0

           LT           0        0        0        0         7         0         0         0

            Comments:   TNC and Suffolk County are attempting purchase.  Exact location on island where nesting occurred is unknown.

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Dredge history: None.
            Protection: None.
            Positive aspects: Privately owned island. Access only by private boat, with permission of owners. Limited ORV use.
            Threats: Development, recreation (boaters), ORV traffic (caretaker patrols beach).
            Recommendations: Maintain as Robins Island significant coastal habitat. Obtain permission to monitor and protect nesting areas as needed.
          Restrict development. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. *40, Stony Brook, NY 11790, (516) 751-
          7900.

















          PAGE 190







                                                                                                                                  SEE MAP NO. 57
                  Richmond Creek



           LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Peconic.
              Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
              Directions: From Route 25, approx. 1 1/2 miles norhteast of East Cutchogue, take Indian Neck Lane. Follow to end. Site is northeast of road
           end, on beach towards mouth of Richmond Creek.
              Owner: Private.
              Significant coastal habitat: Richmond Creek and Beach.

           SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Sand.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.
                                                1982     1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1998      1989
                                     PP           -        2        0        0         5          2        1         2
                                     LT          20        0        0        0        55         19       42        58
                                     CT           -        -        0        0         0          0        2         0

              Comments:

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Dredge history: The Richmond Creek dredging project (S22) deposited spoil as beach nourishment and boat ramp. Dredge spoil was deposited
           in the following quantities, on both sides of the inlet, on nesting areas and loafing areas.
                                                            1959          1964       1967         1972        1983
                                         Cubic yards       123000        82800       25100        5500        15300

              Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Inaccessible to ORVs.
              Threats: Recreation (boaters, swimmers from public beach, across inlet) ORV traffic (ATVs), pets and predation (gulls, crows).
              Recommendations: Maintain as part of Richmond Creek and Beach significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as
           birds arrive. Restrict ORVs or limit speeds. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Implement predator control (exclosures).
          =Richy                                        I














            Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.



                                                                                                                                          PAGE 191






                    Hog Neck Bay                                                                                                                 SEE MAP NO. 57



            LOCATION:
               County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Laughing Waters.
               Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
               Directions: From Southold, take Route 25 west to South Harbor Rd., go south 1/2 mile to Hiawatha's Path, go east and south to road end, turn
            east onto Minnehaha Blvd., go approx. 1/8 mile to Wigwam Way, follow west and south to end. Located approx. 25 yards north of domed house
            at road end.
               Owner: Private.
               Significant coastal habitat: West of and adjacent to Corey Creek significant coastal habitat.

            SPECIES USE:
               Community          N4aritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
               Nest substrate: @)aiiu.
               History: The following nw,ibers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                           1982     1983      1984      1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

               Pp           -         0         0         0          0          0          2           ?



               Comments: Piping plovers first seen nesting at this site in 1988, but nest was destroyed by crow predation. Site is also loafing area for least terns
            from Corey Creek.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
               Dredge history: The Corey Creek dredging project (S4) benefits a 6 car boat ramp. Dredge spoil from this project was deposited in the following
            quantities have been deposited on upland sites and for beach nourishment at Hog Neck Bay, Corey Creek, and/or other locations.


                                                            1963/4          1967     1972          1981        1983          1984
                                        Cubic yards        345600          23900     7600         10200        800          3500

               Protection: Monitored by TNC.
               Positive aspects: Not open to the public.
               Threats: Predation (crows), beach erosion, advancing vegetational succession, recreation and pets (dogs).
               Recommendations: Continue to monitor and protect the nesting area as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosure). Enhance site with
            proper deposition of dredge spoil. Manage vegetation for optimal piping plover nesting. Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds.
            Educate the public and area residents about beach-nesting birds.
               Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935, (516) 734-6605.





            PAGE 192







                   Corey Creek                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 57



            LOCATION:
              County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Peconic.
              Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
              Directions: Southeastern arm of sand spit enclosing Corey Creek inlet, at southwestern corner of Great Hog Neck peninsula, southeast across
            mouth of Corey Creek from village of Laughing Waters.
              Owners: Private.
              Significant coastal habitat: Corey Creek.

            SPECIES USE:
              Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
              Nest substrate: Sand/pebble.
              History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                          1982     1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988      1989

              Pp           -          0       2        0          2          0          0         2

              LT           0          0      18        0          0          0          0         0

              Comments:   Habitat appears good, reasons for lack of nesting unknown.

            SITE MANAGEMENT:
              Dredge history: Dredging from the Corey Creek project (S4) benefited boat ramp (6 cars). Dredge spoil was deposited in the following quantities
            at an upland site and for beach nourishment at Corey Creek, Hog Neck Bay and/or other locations.


                                                         1963/4         1967      1972         1981       1983          1984
                                      Cubic yards        345600        23900      7600        10200        800         3500


              Protection: Monitored by TNC.
              Positive aspects: Good habitat, relatively low recreational use.
              Threats: Advancing vegetational succession, ORV traffic, recreation and flooding.
              Recommendations: Maintain as Corey Creek significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Manage
            vegetation for optimal piping plover and least tern nesting. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users
            about beach-nesting birds.
              Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935, (516) 734-6605.






                                                                                                                                                  PAGE 193






                   Cedar Beach Point Southold                                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 57



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Cedar Beach.
             Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
             Directions: Located in the village of Cedar Beach, the southeastern arm extending around the inlet at the southeast corner of Great Hog Neck
           Peninsula. Accessed via the east end of Cedar Beach Rd.
             Owner: Suffolk County (Suffolk County Community College).
             Significant coastal habitat: Cedar Beach Point.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/cobble/pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984     1985       1986       1987       1988       1989

             PP            -        0         2         3         0          0          1         0

             LT           80        95       10         9         0          0         13         11

             Comments:    Seatuck name is "Cedar Beach Point."

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: Dredging from the Cedar Beach (S.C. Community College) project (S3) benefits Suffolk Co. Community College Marine
           Technology Department. The following quantities of dredge spoil were deposited for beach nourishment.


                          1979     1980     1981     1982   1983    1984     1985    1986      1987

             Cubic       12400     1900    9700      1700   1700    1900     1440    2880      1920
             yards

             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed by Suffolk County as parkland. Geography makes site easy to protect.
             Threats: ORV traffic, advancing vegetational succession and predation (unknown).
             Recommendations: Maintain as Cedar Beach Point significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict
           ORV use (extend existing guardrail). Manage vegetation for optimal least tern and piping plover nesting. Determine type of predator and implement
           predator control.
             Contacts: John Turner, Suffolk Co. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Conservation, P.O. Box 144, West Sayville, NY 11796, (516) 924-6767.






           PAGE 194








                  Paradise Beach Point                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 58




           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Bayview.
             Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
             Directions: From Route 25 in Southold, take Pine Neck Rd. east to North Rd., which turns into North Bayview Rd. Follow N. Bayview South
           and east to Paradise Point Rd. Go northeast to Robinson Rd. Follow Robinson Rd. to end at Southold Yacht Club. Site is on beach to northeast.
           The northeast "corner" of Great Hog Neck peninsula.
             Owner: Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
             Nest substrate: Sand/cobble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986      1987       1988      1989

            PP            -        2       2        0         0         0         0         0

            LT           90       2        0        0         0         0         0         0

             Comments:   Poor habitat for piping plovers and least terns.


           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: None.
             Protection: Monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Privately owned. No ORV use.
             Threats: Recreation (heavily used as a bathing beach).
             Recommendations: Consider designation as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony if birds arrive. Educate area
           residents about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.












                                                                                                                                         PAGE 195






                   Port of Egypt                                                                                                             SEE MAP NO. 58


           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Lotaiiity: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
             Quad name: Southold, 410 - " 14.
             Directions: From Greenport Ferry terminal follow Route 25 west 3.2 miles to marina. Colony is on island and accessible only by boat.
             Owner: Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Port of Egypt Island.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                         1982      1983     1984     1985        1986       1987       1988      1989

            PP             -        0         0        2           2         2          2          2

            LT             -        0         0        0          0          0           7         80

            BS             -        -        40        24         0          13         2          4

            CT             -                1000      524        175        185        122        200

             Comments:     Black skimmer numbers are estimates. Seatuck name is "Southold, Port of Egypt."

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: Dredging from the Mill Creek project (S 18) benefits 3 marinas with a total of 361 slips. The following quantities of dredge spoil
           were deposited on this site.
                                                                 1963        1968         1975          1979        1981

                                            Cubic yards         66300        2700         6000          4000        4500

             Protection: Posted and monitored by TNC.
             Positive aspects: Island colony, accessible only by private boat. Owner cooperates with protection efforts. Relatively low recreational use, due
           to remote location.
             Threats: Recreation (boaters), predation (gulls), advancing vegetational succession.
             Recommendations: Manage channel boat traffic. Maintain as Port of Egypt significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony
           as birds arrive. Implement predator control (exclosures?). Manage vegetation for optimal piping plover and least tern nesting. Enhance site by
           proper deposition of dredge spoil to set back vegetational succession. Educate the public about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605. Tim Grey, Tin Masonry, Main Southold, NY 11971, (516)
           765-1417.





           PAGE 196






               Conkling Point                                                                              SEE MAP NO. 58



         LOCATION:
           County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
           Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
           Directions: From Greenport Ferry Terminal, follow signs to Route 25, go west on 25 for 1.9 miles to Kerwin Rd. on left, take Kerwin Rd. to
         Bayshore Rd., take right onto Bayshore, follow to end. Walk from road end to end of point (with permission of residents).
           Owner. Private.
           Significant coastal habitat: Conkling Point.

         SPECIES USE:
           Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
           Nest substrate: Sand/pebble.
           History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                   1982   1983    1984   1985    1986    1987     1988    1989

           PP       -       6      5      3       2        2       2       2
           LT              45     105     50      0       23      47       45

           Comments: Colony abandoned in 1988 because of flooding, possibly also pets and recreation.

         SITE MANAGEMENT:
           Dredge history: None.
           Protection: Private owner will not allow posting of LICWA signs (1988) but may post his own signs in future seasons. TNC posted interpretive
         sign in 1988, monitored.
           Positive aspects: Geography of site makes it easily protected if fencing and posting was allowed.
           Threats: Flooding, recreation (hikers, boaters), pets (dogs, cats), predation (gulls, possibly mink) and development.
           Recommendations: Maintain as Conkling Point significant coastal habitat. Obtain permission to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive.
         Restrict pets and educate owners about beach-nesting birds. Restrict or mitigate development. Educate the public and area residents about beach-
         nesting birds.
           Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.












                                                                                                               PAGE 197






              Jockey Creek Spoil                                                                            SEE MAP NO. 58



        LOCATION:
          County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Southold Bay.
          Quad name: Southold, 4107214.
          Directions: Located at the mouth of Jockey Creek, just north of Great Hog Neck on Shelter Island Sound.
          Owner: Private.
          Significant coastal habitat: Jockey Creek Spoil Area.

        SPECIES USE:
          Community type: Dredge spoil deposition site.
          Nest substrate: Sand/spoil.
          History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                   1982   1983    1984   1985    1986     1987    1988    1989

         PP          -      6      1      4        0       0        0       0

         LT          0      7     23      14       0       0        0       0

         CT          -      -      0      0        0       0        0       2

          Commentst


        SITE MANAGEMENT:
          Dredge history: Dredging from the Jockey Creek project (S14) benefits marina with 60 slips. The following quantities of dredge spoil were
        deposited on the site.

                                                           1959a    1959b     1976

                                           Cubic yards    23200     93400     9000

          Protection: Unknown
          Positive aspects: Unknown
          Threats: Unknown
          Recommendations: Maintain as part of Jockey Creek Spoil Area significant coastal habitat.
          Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.









        PAGE 198








                  Gull Pond Wes,                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 59



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
             Quad name: Greenport, 4107213.
             Directions: From Main St. (Route 25) in Greenport, go south on Manhasset Ave. to end. Site is located on beach, directly west of road end.
             Owner. Town of Southold.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach, dredge spoil deposition site, mainland.
             Nest substrate: Sand.
             Historr. The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983    1984     1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

             PP           -       0        6        1         2         2          0         0

             LT           0       0        6        3         4         0          0         0


             Comments:

          SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Dredge history: The Gull Pond dredging project (Sl 1) benefits large docking facility at Manhasset Ave. Park. Dredge spoil was deposited in the
          following quantities west of Gull Pond for beach nourishment.
                                                          1 1959        1960       1970       1979        1983
                                           Cubic yards    1 177200      28500     29000      23300        1000
             Protection: String-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Guard rail erected to keep out ORVs (not sufficient).
             Positive aspects: Vehicles can be restricted.
             Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
             Recommendations: Designate as significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit
          speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.









                                                                                                                                          PAGE 199





                  Orient Point State Park                                                                                          SEE MAP NO. 60



          LOCATION.
            County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Greenport.
            Map Quad: Orient and Greenport, 4107223 and 4107213, respectively.
            Directions: At Orient Beach State Park, about 1/2 mile east of road end (turnaround at bathhouse) on south beach.
            Owner: NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (Orient Point State Park).
            Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

          SPECIES USE:
            Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune.
            Nest substrate: Sand.
            History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    198-1    1984     1985      1986      1987       1988      1989

           PP            -        0        0        0         4         2         17        21

           LT            0        0        0        0         0         8         35        28

          Comments:


          SITE MANAGEMENT:
            Land use history: No known dredging.
            Protection: String- and snow-fenced, posted and monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC.
            Positive aspects: Owned and managed by NYS. Pets restricted. Nesting areas are remote from most recreational use. ORVs limited to official
          vehicles.
            Threats: Predation (gulls, crows, foxes, racoons), recreation (hikers) and ORV traffic.
            Recommendations: Designate as signif icant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds arrive. Implement predator control
          (exclosures). Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
            Contacts: Mr. Raymond Dobbins, Park Manager, Orient Point State Park, P.O. Box 117, Main Rd., Orient, NY 11957, (516) 323-2440.














          PAGE 200







                  Mattituck Inlet                                                                                                    SEE MAP NO. 61



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Mattituck.
             Map Quad: Mattituck Hills, 4107215.
             Directions: From Route 84 in Mattituck (West Mill Rd.), go south on Reeve Ave., take second left onto Builie Beach Rd., follow north to end.
           Site is west of road end at mouth of Mattituck Creek.
             Owner. Village of Mattituck.
             Significant coastal habitat: Mattituck Inlet Wetlands.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Maritime sand beach and dune, dredge spoil deposition site.
             Nest substrate: Sand/cobble/pebble.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982     1983     1984     1985      1986       1987      1988      1989

             PP          -         0        2        0         0         0          0         0



             Comments: Site is very disturbed due to ORV use.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: The Mattituck Creek dredging project (S 17) benefited 3 marinas and park district boat slips and ramp, with a total of 197 slips.
           Dredge spoil was taken from creek in the following quantities; site of deposition is uncertain.

                         Approximately 1596400 cubic yards dredged in 1955.

             Protection: Monitored by TNC. Volunteers coordinated by TNC. ORV access blocked by guard rail (later vandalized and removed).
             Positive aspects: Owned and managed as a village park by Mattituck Village.
             Threats: ORV traffic and recreation.
             Recommendations: Maintain as part of Mattituck Inlet Wetlands significant coastal habitat. Continue to monitor and protect the colony as birds
           arrive. Restrict ORV use or limit speeds. Educate the public, area residents and ORV users about beach-nesting birds.
             Contacts: Paul Stoutenburgh, Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11952, (516) 734-6605.











                                                                                                                                           PAGE 201






                  East End Fishers Island                                                                                          SEE MAP NO. 62



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold, Fishers Island.
             Map Quad: Mystic, Conn.-NY-RI, 4107138.
             Directions: Approximately 15 miles east of Orient Point, Ll.
             Owner: Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Shoreline/ocean estuary.
             Nest substrate: G rass/sedge/rush /herb.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982    1983     1984     1985      1986      1987      1988      1989

            LT            0       0        0       26        18         0         0         0



             Comments: The site has been flooded for three consecutive years since 1985.

           SITE MANAGEMENT:
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: Posted.
             Positive aspects:
             Threats: Flooding is a serious current threat; predation, recreation, ORVs, and pets are potential threats.
             Recommendations:
             Contacts: Mike Scheibel, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, SUNY Stony Brook, Bldg. #40, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11790,(516)
           751-7900.


















           PAGE 202







                   Great Gulf Island                                                                                                     SEE MAP NO. 63



           LOCATION:
             County, Town, Locality: Suffolk, Southold.
             Map Quad: Plum Island, 4107222.
             Directions: About 10 miles east of Orient Point, Lt.
             Owner: Private.
             Significant coastal habitat: Not designated.

           SPECIES USE:
             Community type: Saltwater, non-barrier island.
             Nest substrate: Grass/sedge/rush/herb-rocks/crevices.
             History: The following numbers of adult birds for each species were estimated in the years indicated.


                        1982      1983     1984       1985      1986      1987       1988     1989

            CT            -        -       10000     10000     11000     12000      12000     12000

            RT                             1400       1400      1500      1500      2400       2400

             Comments:   Two subcolonies: Great Gull and Little Gull Islands.

           SITE MANAGEMENT.
             Land use history: Unknown.
             Protection: Posted and patrolled.
             Positive aspects: Researchers from Great Gull Island Project of the American Museum of Natural History live on Great Gull Island and study
           the colony throughout the breeding season. The island supports the second largest common tern colony in NYS, and the second largest roseate tern
           colony in North America.
             Threats: Unknown.
             Recommendations: Designate as a Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife habitat.
             Contacts: Helen Hays and staff of Great Gull Island project, American Museum of Natural History, 79th and Central Park West, NY, NY 10024,
           (212) 873-4225.














                                                                                                                                               PAGE 203






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    O'l.          MAP No. 53 TOWN                    OF     SHELTER ISLAND

                  A: GIBSONS BEACH                       B: MASHOMACK POINT                            C: (See Map No. 52)


    hH


            NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco March





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                             MAP NO. 54 TOWN OF SHELTER ISLAND

        eda                  A: CRAB CREEK                                           B: SHELL BEACH
        each
       Cr



                    NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                                 Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco                 Ma





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                        MAP No. 55                  TowN OF SOUTHOLD

                        A: MARRATOOKA POINT                         C: KIMOGENER POINT                                  E: MEADOW BEACH

                        B: DOWNS CREEK                              D: FLEETS NECK



                NewYorkState Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization        Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco      ma







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                MAP No. 56 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD

                A: ROBINS ISLAND



           New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. CapoblancoM





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                  MAP     NO. 57 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD

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                          MAP       No.       58         TOWN        OF     SOUTHOLD

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                          B: PORT OF EGYPT                               D: PARADISE BEACH POINT


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                                   MAP No. 59 TOWN OF                                                  SOUTHOLD

                                   A: GULL POND WEST

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                                  MAP No.                 60 TOWN OF                         SOUTHOLD

                                  A: ORIENT POINT STATE PARK



                        New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization                                 Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capobianco                  M








































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                                MAP No. 61 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD

                                A: MATTITUCK INLET

    VOO                New Yori( state Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization               Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco






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                       MAP No. 62 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD

                       A: EAST END FISHERS ISLAND





                New York State  Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco    Ma







                                                                                   165
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                                  156                                                                               162                          /51
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        DISEASE CENTFR                                                                                         0                                                27
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                                                   25                                                      21                                                                     P

                            MAP No.              63 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD
      6
                            A: GREATGULLISLAND
                            MAI

                            A     (3



                     New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization               Prepared by T. Hart and G. Capoblanco           M
                  EE









                 10.0 Appendices

                  10.1 Species Referenced by Common Name

                                                  PLANTS
                           Common Name                                   Scientific Name                      Least Tern                                  Sterna antillarurn
                           American beachgrass                  Arnmophila breviligulata                      Piping Plover                            Charadrius melodus
                           Beach-pea                                   Lathyrus japonica                      Roseate Tern                                  Sterna dougalld
                           Common reedgrass                         Phragmites australis                      Ruddy Turnstone                             Arenaria interpres
                           Dwarf spikerush                            Eleocharis parvulva                     Starling                                      Sturnus vulgaris
                           Dusty-miller                             Arlernisia stellariana
                           Eelgrass                                       Zostera marina             Mammals:
                           Naiad                                                Najas spp.                    Black rat                                         Raltus rattus
                           Pondweed                                     Polarnogeton spp.                     Gray squirrel                             Sciurus carolinensis
                           Salt- meadowgrass                              Spartina patens                     Norway rat                                  Rattus norvegicus
                           Saltmarsh fleabane                             Pulchea odorata                     Raccoon                                          Procyon lolor
                           Sea-rocket                                     Cakile edentula                     Red fox                                          Vulpes vulpes
                           Seaside goldenrod                      Solidago sempervirens                       Skunk                                       Spilogale putorius
                           Slender spikerush                          Eleocharis elliptica
                           Switchgrass                                 Panicum virgatum              Marsupials:                                       Didelphis virginiana
                           Water-shield                                Brasenia schreberi                     Opossum
                           Water-weed                                          Elodea spp.
                           White water-lily                            Nymphaea odorata              Fish:    Bluefish                                Potamlornus saltairix
                                                                                                              Pipef ish                                    Sygnathus fuscus
                             Common Name         ANIMALS                  Scientific Name                     Sand lance                            Arnmodytes arnericanus
                  Birds:   Black Skimmer                                   Rynchops niger
                           Black-crowned Night Heron               Nycticorax nycticorax
                           Common Tern                                     Sterna hirundo
                           Crow                                   Corvus brachyrhynchos
                           Great Horned Owl                              Bubo virginianus
                           Greater Black-backed Gull                        Larus marinus
                           Herring Gull                                   Larus artentatus



                                                                                                                                                                   PAGE 205




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                10.2 Public Agencies                                                   Fish and Wildlife Service                          Anne Hecht
                                                                                              Region 5 Office
                10.2.1 Federal Agencies                                                       I Gateway Center, Suite 700
                                                                                              Newton Corner, MA 02158
                Army Corps of Engineers                          Karen Gustina                (617) 965-5100
                        Environmental Analysis Bureau              Len Houston
                        26 Federal Plaza                                                      Cortland Field Office
                        New York, NY 10278-0900                                               100 Grange Place
                        (212) 264-0100                                                        Cortland, NY 13045
                                                                                              (607) 753-9335
                Department of Commerce                                                        Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge          Tom Jasikoff
                        Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources Management                      P.O. Box 21
                        3300 Whitehaven Street NW                                             Shirley, NY 11967
                        Page Building #1                                                      (516) 286-0485
                        Washington, DC 20235
                        (202) 634-4126
                                                                                       Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                                              26 Federal Plaza
                Department of the Interior                                                    New York, NY 10278
                National Park Service                                                         (212) 264-2525
                        Gateway National Recreation Area
                        Floyd Bennett Field, Bldg.. 69
                        Brooklyn, NY 11234                                             Federal Emergency Management Agency
                        (718) 338-3578                                                        26 Federal Plaza
                                                                                              New York, NY 10278
                        Jamaica Bay National Wildlife Refuge                                  (212) 238-8208
                        Floyd Bennet Field, Bldg. 69
                        Brooklyn, NY 11234
                        (718) 474-0613

                        Fire Island National Seashore
                        120 Laurel Street
                        Patchogue, NY 11772
                        (516)286-7964,289-4114,597-6455



                                                                                                                                            PAGE 207








               10.2.2 State Agencies                                                     NYS Office of General Services         Robert Stapf
                                                                                         Division of Land Utilization
               NYS Department of Environmental Conservation                              Bureau of Land Management
                       Region I                                 Michael Scheibel         Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza
                       Building 40, SUNY-Stony Brook                                     Albany, NY 12242
                       Stony Brook, NY 11794                                             (518) 474-2195
                       (516) 751-7900

                       Region 2                                                          NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation
                       47-4L , - , L@-et                                                         Long Island Region
                       Long Island City, NY I 1101                                               Belmont Lake State Park
                       (718) 482-4997                                                            Babylon, NY 11702
                                                                                                 (516) 669-1000
                       Information Resources Section          Eugene McCaffery
                       Natural Heritage Program and           Kathryn Schneider                  Hecksher State Park                            F.P. O'Neil
                        Significant Habitat Unit                      John Ozard                 PO Box 153
                       700 Troy- Schenectady Road                   Larry Brown                  East Islip, NY 11730
                       Latham, NY 12110-2400                                                     (516) 581-2100
                       (518) 783-3932
                                                                                                 Hither Hills State Park                     George Larsen
                       Species Section                                 Eric Fried                Montauk Highway
                       Non-Game Unit and Endangered                Robert Miller                 Montauk, NY 11954
                        Species Unit                                   Peter Nye                 (516) 668-2461
                       Wildlife Resources Center
                       Delmar, NY 12054-4767                                                     Orient Point State Park                 Raymond Dobbins
                       (518) 439-8082                                                            PO Box 117
                                                                                                 Main Road
                                                                                                 Orient, NY   11957
               NYS Department of State                              Thomas Hart                  (516) 323-2440
               Div. of Coastal Resources and
                Waterfront Revitalization
               162 Washington Ave.
               Albany, NY 12231-0001
               (518) 474-3643





               PAGE 208








               10.23 County and Local Agencies                                        Town of North Hempstead
                                                                                      Town Hall
               Long Island Regional Planning Board                                    220 Plandome Road
               Veterans Memorial Highway                                              Manhasset, NY 11030
               H. Lee Dennison Building                                               (516) 627-0590
               Hauppauge, NY 11788
               (516) 360-5189                                                         Town of Oyster Bay
                                                                                      Town Hall
                       Nassau County                                                  Oyster Bay, NY 11771
                                                                                      (516) 922-5800
               Nassau County Planning Commission
               400 County Seat Drive                                                         Suffolk County
               Mineola, NY 11501
               (516) 535-5844                                                         Suffolk County Planning Commission
                                                                                      Veterans Memorial Highway
               Nassau County Department of                                            H. Lee Dennison Building
                 Recreation and Parks                                                 Hauppauge, NY 11788
               Eisenhower Park                                                        (516) 360-5189
               Hempstead Turnpike
               East Meadow, NY 11554                                                  Department of Parks Recreation, and Conservation John Turner
               (516) 542-4422                                                         P.O. Box 144
                                                                                      West Sayville, NY 11796
               Town of Hempstead                                                      (516) 367-7534, 924-6767
               Town Hall
               Hempstead, NY 11550                                                    Town of Babylon
               (516) 489-5000                                                         Town Hall
                                                                                      200 E. Sunrise Highway
               Town of Hempstead                             John D. Zarudsky         Lindenhurst, NY 11757
               Department of Conservation                                             (516) 957-3000
                and Waterways
               I Parkside Drive                                                       Town of Brookhaven
               Point Lookout, NY 11569                                                Town Hall
               (516) 431-9200                                                         205 South Ocean Avenue
                                                                                      Patchogue, NY 11772
                                                                                      (516) 654-7800




                                                                                                                                          PAGE 209








               Town of Brookhaven                                Murray Wade          Town of Smithtown
               Division of Environmental Protection                                   Town Hall
               3233 R-1- ''                                                           99 W. Main Street
               Medford, N't 11 1-03                                                   Smithtown, NY 11787
               451-6455                                                               (516) 360-7602

               Town of East Hampton                               Larry Penny         Town of Smithtown                Roger Balducci, Harbormaster
               Dept. of Natural Resources                     James Cavanagh          Dept. of Environmental Protection
               159 Pantigo Road                                                       124 West Main St.Russell Barnett
               East Hamptoj.,      11937                                              Smithtown, NY 11787
               (516) 267-8462                                                         (516) 360-7514

               Town of Huntington                                                     Smithtown Town Naturalist                       Robert Griffen
               Town Halls                                                             PO Box 222
               100 Main Street                                                        Commack, NY 11725
               Huntington, NY 11743                                                   (516)543-7804
               (516) 351-3030                                                         Town of Southampton
               Town of Islip                                                          Town Hall
               Town Hall                                                              116 Hampton Road
               655 Main Street                                                        Southampton, NY 11968
               Islip, NY 11751                                                        (516) 283-6000
               (516) 224-5485                                                         Quogue Wildlife Refuge                    Carl Helms, Manager
               Town of Riverhead                                                       and Nature Center
               Town Hall                                                              Box 492
               200 Howell Avenue                                                      Quogue, NY 11959
               Riverhead, NY 11901                                                    (516) 653-4771
               (516) 727-3200                                                         Town of Southold
               Town of Shelter Island                                                 Town Hall
               Town Hall                                                              53095 Main Road
               Shelter Island, NY 11964                                               Southold, NY 11971
               (516) 749-0015                                                         (516) 765-1800





               PAGE 210








                 10.3 Private Organzations                                                 National Audubon Society                              Carl Safina
                                                                                           Scully Science Center
                 American Museum of Natural History                     Helen Hays         306 South Bay Ave.
                 Central Park West at 79th Street                 Chris Thompson           Islip, NY 11751
                 New York, NY 10024                                                        (516) 277-4289

                 Audubon Society of New York                           Ron Dodson          Local Audubon Chapters
                 8 Wade Road
                 Latham, NY 12110                                                                  Four Harbors Audubon                            Joel Cook
                 (518) 783-8587                                                                    46 Dawson Ave.
                                                                                                   Kings Park, NY 11754
                 Environmental Centers of Setauket                  Amy Frieman                    (516) 544-0703
                 Smithtown
                 Box 257                                                                           Great South Bay Audubon Society               Diane Teta
                 Smithown, NY 11787                                                                771 South Country Road
                 (516) 979-6344 (9-2 pm)                                                           East Patchogue, NY 11772
                                                                                                   (516) 921-3060, 286-4866
                 The Group for the South Fork
                 Main Street                                                                       Huntington Audubon                         Tom Caggiano
                 Bridgehampton, NY 11932                                                           145 Hayrick Lane
                 (516) 537-1400                                                                    Commack, NY 11725
                 Long Island Beach Buggy Association                     John Fritz                (516) 499-7504
                 290 West 3rd Street                                                               Huntington Audubon                    William Kolodnicki
                 Deer Park, NY 11729                                                               Theodore Roosevelt Sanctuary
                 (516) 749-0105, 242-2539                                                          134 Cove Road
                                                                                                   Oyster Bay, NY 11771
                 National Audubon Society                             David Miller                 (516) 922-3200
                 1789 Western Avenue
                 Albany, NY 12203                                                                  South Shore Audubon                         Elliot Kutner
                 (518) 869-9731                                                                    461 Dunster Court
                                                                                                   West Hampton, NY 11552
                                                                                                   (516) 486-7667






                                                                                                                                                  PAGE 211








               The Nature Conservancy
                      Long Island Chapter                       Andrew Walker
                      250 j c-@-vrpnce Hill Road
                      Cold Spring i.T--bor, NY 11724
                      (516) 367-3225

                      South Fork-Shelter Island Chapter            Sara Davison
                      PO Box JJJJ
                      East Hampton, NY 11937
                      (516) 324-1330

                      Mashomack Preserve                      J. Michael Laspia

                      Shelter Island, TV  11974
                      (516) 749-1001

               Seatuck Research Program                        Randall Downer
               PO Box 31
               Islip, NY 11751

               Volunteers for Wildlife                            Sally Ruppert
               P.O. Box 12
               East Norwich, NY 11732


















               PAGE 212










                10.4 References

                Becker, P.H., P. Finck, and A. Anlauf. 1985. Rainfall preceding egg-laying - a factor of breeding success in Common Terns (Sterna
                hirundo). Oecologia 65: 431-436.

                Bent, A.C. 1963. Life histories of North American gulls and terns. Dover Publications, New York, NY. 337 pp.

                Buckley, P.A. and F.G. Buckley. 1978. Guidelines for the protection and management of colonial nesting waterbirds. National Park
                Service, Boston, MA. 54 pp.

                   . 1981. The endangered status of North American roseate terns. Colonial Waterbirds 4:166-173.

                Bull, J. 1974. Birds of New York State. Doubleday, Garden City, NY. 656 pp.

                Burger, J. 1987. Physical and social determinants of nest-site selection in Piping Plover in New Jersey. Condor 89:811-818.

                Burger, J., M. Gochfeld, and C. Safina. in prep. Growth and development of Common and Roseate Tern chicks.

                Cairns, W.E. 1982. Biology and behavior of breeding piping plovers. Wilson Bulletin 94:531-545.

                Downer, R. and C. Leibelt. 1990. 1989 Long Island Colonial Waterbird and Piping Plover Survey. The Seatuck Research Program and
                The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Delmar, NY. 200 pp.

                Duffy, D.C. 1986. Foraging at patches: interactions between Common and Roseate Terns. Ornis Scand. 17: 47-52.

                Dunn, E.K. 1975. The role of environmental factors in the growth of tern chicks. J. Animal Ecol. 44: 743-754.

                Erwin, R.M. 1977. Foraging and breeding adaptations to different food regimes in three seabirds: the Common Tern, Sterna hirundo,
                Royal Tern, Sterna maxima, and Black Skimmer, Rynchops niger. Ecology 58: 389-397.

                  . 1989. Responses to human intruders to birds nesting in colonies: experimental results and management guidelines. Colonial
                Waterbirds 12: 1.

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