[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



                                                         FY 1992 FINAL PRODUCT Task 92.4
                                                                    Bird Habitat Data


















                NORTHAMPTON MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT
                                UTILIZATION STUDY:
                                        YEAR TWO


                                        FINAL REPORT




Y1,
                                          Submitted by:

                        Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
                                    Division of Natural Heritage


                          Virginia Department of Game and inland Fisheries
                            Nongame and Endangered Species Program





                                        FEBRUARY 1994




                    A report of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
                      to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                          pursuant to NOAA Award No. NA1 70ZO312-01








               Rec'd. by Dept. of
            Environmental Quality


                FEB 17 1994


                Public & Inter-
            governmental Affairs













                NORTHAMPTON MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT UTILIZATION STUDY:
                                          YEAR TWO


                                        FINAL REPORT



                                          Written by:

                                        Bryan D. Watts
                                 Center for Conservation Biology
                                  College of William and Mary
                                    Williamsburg, VA 23185

                                        Sarah E. Mabey
                           Department of Conservation and Recreation
                                   Division of Natural Heritage
                                 Main Street Station, Suite 312
                                     Richmond, VA 23219




                                     Project sponsored by:

                           Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
                         Virginia Coastal Resources Management Program

                        Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
                                   Division of Natural Heritage

                         Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries
                            Nongame and Endangered Species Program



                                         February 1994





                 ATM O&N
                           This paper is funded in part by a grant from the National
                           Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views expressed
              1P           herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
                MEW OF C   the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies.











             ABSTRACT


                     Reported declines of neotropical migratory songbird populations have drawn the
             attention of the scientific community and the general public. While researchers and
             conservationists have focused their energies on understanding the behavioral and ecological
             dynamics of these population during the breeding and wintering season, migration ecology
             has remained largely neglected. Migration must be endured twice annually and is a
             particularly stressful event for birds. Comprehensive conservation efforts on behalf of
             migratory birds must include this critical phase of life if they are to succeed in protecting
             whole populations.
                     The two-year Northampton Migratory Bird Habitat Utilization Study was initiated
             under Northampton County's Special Area Management Plan (SAMP) to provide this rural,
             coastal county with sound scientific data to guide the development of enforceable policies that
             will protect and enhance migratory songbird habitat. Conserving migratory birds and their
             habitat in lower Northampton County will serve to generate the basis of a burgeoning nature
             tourism industry, help to protect water quality and moderate secondary impacts of coastal
             development.
                     In summary, results from the first year of the study (1992) demonstrated that:

                     1. Long-distance migrants are most abundant during the first half of the migratory
             period while short-distance migrants are most abundant during the last half of the season.
                     2. Bird activity was greater in the morning compared to the afternoon.
                     3. If birds spatially redistribute during the course of a day, they do so very early in
             the morning.
                     4. Many long- and short-distance migrants concentrate along the bayside and near the
             tip of the peninsula. Resident species tend to be least abundant near the peninsula tip.
                     5. In general, there is no clear relationship between bird abundance and forest patch
             size.
                     6. The majority of birds from both migrant groups were more abundant close to the
             forest edge than in the interior.
                     7. Most species over-utilized plots with relatively high vegetation density.
                     8. Individual species were associated with particular vertical strata within the forest.
                     The vertical distribution of species is in general agreement with associations kn own
             for the breeding and wintering seasons.

                     Results from 1992 were used to refine our research questions and modify data
             collection efforts for the second field season. Specifically, we chose to increase sampling
             within the forested bayside corridor and collect data on the physiological condition and
             foraging behavior of birds during stopover. We also repeated the broad survey coverage of
             lower Northampton County at sites established in 1992. A descriptive summary of new data
             from studies conducted in the fall of 1993 are presented in tables and graphs accompanying
             this report.













             STUDY BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION



                     Bounded by the Chesapeake Bay to the west and undeveloped Atlantic barrier islands
             to the east, the lower Delmarva Peninsula has long been recognized as a significant Stop-over
             area for migrating birds of all kinds (Rusling 1936). This area is included in the Western
             Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network and is home to the Kiptopeke songbird banding and
             hawk observation station established by the Virginia Society of Ornithology 29 years ago.
             Giving further confirmation of the ecological value of the lower Delmarva for fall migrants,
             the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service established the Eastern Shore National Wildlife Refuge at
             the peninsula tip specifically for the conservation of migratory birds.
                     Unlike the Cape May Peninsula to the north, intensive study of fall migrants on the
             lower Delmarva did not begin until 1991. A regional study of the geographic distribution of
             fall migrants on the Cape May and Delmarva peninsulas was initiated in that year (Mabey et
             al. 1993). While some general regional patterns of migrant abundance were identified in that
             study, local landscape and habitat associations were obscured by the study's large scale
             geographic approach.
                     Stop-over concentrations on the lower Delmarva differ from other coastal
             concentration areas such as the northern Gulf Coast and the Cape May Peninsula for at least
             two reasons. First, neotropical migrants that stop on the Delmarva do not appear to face any
             immediate major ecological barriers that would necessitate extremely long non-stop flights.
             Second, relatively more short-distance migrants (those birds that winter in southern U.S.)
             appear to use the Delmarva as a stop-over site than use the Cape May peninsula or the Gulf
             Coast (P. Kerlinger pers. comm., M. Woodrey pers. comm.). Although this is likely to be a
             result of simple geography, the large numbers of short distance migrants add a unique
             dimension to stop-over ecology on the lower Delmarva. The presence of short-distance
             migrants increases the overall ecological value of Eastern Shore habitat and may provide
             more potential prey for raptor species.
                     Further studies of stop-over ecology on the lower Delmarva will not only be
             important to a broader understanding of migration but will play a significant role in

                                                            1









              Northampton County's conservation initiatives. With the adoption of their comprehensive
              plan in 1990, Northampton officially recognized the value of the area's unique natural
              resources as the current and historical base of the county's economy and culture
              (Northampton County Joint Local Planning Commission 1990). Agriculture is the county's
              leading industry; in 1987, the county's 119 commercial farms generated $43,085,703
              (Northampton Co. Planning and Zoning Dept. 1989). Shell and finfishing are also critical to
              the local economy, representing an estimated 10-20% of Virginia's bay region industry. In
              1988, the bay region brought in $62,096,849 worth of seafood. Forestry has the potential
              for being the third most important economic base in the county but provided only $500,000
              directly to the community in 1988, although the estimated "value" of timber sales for that
              year is over fourteen million dollars (Northampton Co. Planning and Zoning Dept. 1989).
              There is also growth potential the nature- and historic-based tourism.
                     I-and use patterns in Northampton County have remained relatively stable over the
              past century. In 1986 about 35% of land area was in cropland, 20% in forest, 39% in
              marsh/wetland, and only 5% was classified as urban, industrial, or other (Northampton Co.
              Planning and Zoning Dept. 1989). Agricultural lands do not appear to be increasing because
              the best soils are already in cultivation. Forestlands are decreasing slowly as they are
              transferred into "alternate uses", mostly home sites.
                     Rapid change in the landscape is, however, on the horizon. In eleven miles of
              bayside shoreline from the tip of the peninsula north, almost seven have already been
              subdivided for development. The majority of this land is forested and may be one of the
              most important areas for migrating landbirds on the entire Delmarva Peninsula (Mabey et al.
              19.93). Northampton County will face a radical population shift as vacation and retirement
              homes are built over the next 5-10 years.
                     In keeping with the Northampton County comprehensive plan's commitment to
              managed growth, a Special Area Management Plan (SAMP) was initiated in 1992 with
              funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of
              Coastal Resource Management. In the context of the SAMP, Northampton County has
              acknowledged migratory landbirds and their habitats to be of significant conservation value.
              By including neotropical migrants as a resource to protect and enhance through new,

                                                            2









             enforceable policies, Northampton County is recognizing the international importance of the
             Delmarva Peninsula as a stop-over concentration area as well as the integral role birds and
             their habitat play in the ecological health of the region. The SAMP seeks to control the
             cumulative and secondary impacts of coastal development by "maintaining maximum
             vegetation cover for wildlife habitat and nutrient removal from non-point runoff" and by
             steering development away from "sensitive wildlife habitat and groundwater recharge areas
             and toward areas with greatest carrying capacity" (Virginia Coastal Resources Management
             Program: Coastal Zone Management Act Section 309 Final Strategy, VACOE, Grant No.
             NA170ZO359-01). The SAMP effort will also be directed toward increasing public access
             and promoting appropriate nature tourism for the area. To achieve its goals, Northampton
             County has identified the need for detailed scientific data that will classify sensitive wildlife
             areas and assess the value of native vegetation in relation to wildlife. The migratory bird
             habitat study was initiated under the SAMP to fill that need. This report outlines the design.
             refinement and accomplishments of the study during our second season of data collection
             (Fall migration, 1993).



             SUMMARY OF FIRST YEAR RESULTS



                    During the fall of 1992, we conducted 10,800 point counts at 264 sites established
             within forested habitat patches in lower Northampton County. We counted over 22,500 birds
             of 119 species. Analyses of those data indicate:


                    1. Long-distance migrants are most abundant during the first half of the migratory
             period while short-distance migrants are most abundant during the last half of the season.
                    2. Bird activity was greater in the morning compared to the afternoon.
                    3. If birds spatially redistribute during the course of a day, they do so very early in
             the morning.
                    4. Many long- and short-distance migrants concentrate along the bayside and near the
             tip of the peninsula. Resident species tend to be least abundant near the peninsula tip.
                    5. In general, there is no clear relationship between bird abundance and forest patch
             size.
                    6. The majority of birds from both migrant groups were more abundant close to the
             forest edge than in the interior.
                    7. Most species over-utilized plots with relatively high vegetation density.









                     8. Individual species were associated with particular vertical strata within the forest.
              The vertical distribution of species is in general agreement with associations known for the
              breeding and wintering seasons.


              For further details of these results, see Watts and Mabey, 1993.



              OVERVIEW OF SECOND YEAR STUDY



                     The comprehensive design employed during the first field season provided much
              insight into the broad-scale distribution patterns and habitat needs of fall migrants on the
              lower Delmarva Peninsula. In general, migrants seem to concentrate within 10 kni of the
              peninsula tip, particularly within the forested corridors that line the bayside shoreline. These
              findings confirm long-standing beliefs (based on a considerable body of anecdotal evidence)
              held by the local ornithological community regarding migrant distribution patterns. In
              addition, bird distribution patterns relative to the structure of vegetation suggest that most
              migrant species settled in areas with dense understory vegetation.
                     These preliminary results combined with direct observations of bird movements
              suggest a tentative scenario for how migrants distribute themselves upon arrival. Incoming
              migrants appear to move south until reaching the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay where they
              fall out into the scrub vegetation near the peninsula tip. Birds then move west and north
              along the Bay shoreline for some undetermined distance seeking out appropriate vegetation
              where they may settle to forage and roost. This scenario is in keeping with anecdotal
              observations made at Kiptopeake Beach over the past 30 years.
                     The general concentration of migrants along the. bayside of the peninsula appears to
              be an accident of geography, consistent with coastal peninsular effects documented in other
              locations around the world. However, how birds distribute themselves along the lower
              bayside (south to north and west to east) and what role specific areas and habitats play as
              stopover sites remains unclear. Because virtually all of the proposed land use changes, are to
              occur within the bayside stopover area, answers to these questions are fundamental to the
              construction of any conservation plan. In order to further clarify the distribution and activity
              patterns of migrants on the lower bayside, we initiated three new research programs during

                                                              4









              the 1993 field season. These initiatives included a bayside transect study (to examine
              distribution and habitat use within the bayside), a banding study at Kiptopeake banding
              station (to investigate the physical condition and residency time of migrants), and a bayside
              foraging study (to investigate resource and vegetation use along the bayside). These studies
              were conducted in addition to continuing the large-scale, geographic distribution/habitat use
              study begun during the first field season (see Watts and Mabey 1993). Below is a
              description of these new initiatives, as well as a brief summary of 1993 activities.


              Bayside Transect Study
                     In order to clarify distribution and habitat use patterns within the forested corridor (on
              the lower bayside), we established a network of 30 transects for bird surveys. Transects
              were laid out in 5 "bundles" of 6 with bundles being positioned within the remaining large
              forested tracts (bundle 1 located on the Eastern Shore Wildlife Refuge, bundle 5 located just
              south of Elliot's Creek). Individual transects ran 100 - 120 m due east from the bayside
              forest edge and were marked off at 10 m intervals with individually numbered wire flags.
              Transects within bundles were spaced a minimum of 100 m apart. All transects were
              surveyed twice per week with the starting point and direction of survey, as well as, the
              observer randomly determined.
                     Transects were surveyed by stopping within each 10 m segment for a period of 1 min
              and recording all birds within 20 m north or south of the center line. All birds were
              identified-to species and placed in vertical strata in accordance with the 1992 protocol. This
              survey network allows for the assessment of bird distribution patterns in both a north/south
              (both within and between transect bundles) and east/west (moving inland from the forest edge
              to 10 m resolution) direction. In addition, vegetation was quantified for each 10 ni section to
              a height of 8 m.' This allows for the assessment of vegetation effects on bird distribution
              along the bayside.


              Banding Study
                     In order to better understand the relative significance of the bayside as a stopover area
              for migrants we initiated a collaborative banding study with the Virginia Society of

                                                              5









             Ornithology at the Kiptopeake banding station. This banding station is one of the oldest,
             continuously run migration stations in the country and typically captures several thousand
             migrants per year between early September and late October. We were specifically
             interested in determining the physiological condition of incoming migrants, the duration of
             residency within the bayside area, and any changes in fat stores that might give some
             indication as to the quality of foraging habitat within the area. One field technician (rotating
             position) was assigned each day to the banding station to assist the banding staff and to
             collect physiological data.
                     Each bird captured was first processed by the bander in charge and then by one or
             more of the field staff. Banders, measured wing cord and determined species, sex, and age
             where possible. Field technicians then measured weight using a pesola spring scale to the
             nearest 0.5 g and then classified subcutaneous fat deposits in the furcular fossa. Fat was
             classed by visual inspection on a 6 class scale. Fat and weight data collected on all birds
             captured is intended to give a description of physiological condition. Data collected on birds
             captured twice or more provide a coarse estimate of residency times for birds stopping over
             along the bayside, and trends in fat changes during residency gives some evidence of habitat
             quality.


             Ba side F6raging Study
                y
                     in order to establish the functional relationship.between birds and their habitats, we
             'initiated a study to link foraging rate, foraging tactics and success to vertical strata and
             vegetational substrate. Twice per week, just prior to or after transect surveys (see above),
             field staff conducted focal bird observations for two-hour time periods. Observers walked
             along bayside transects until encountering birds, selected a focal individual and followed that
             individual for successive 15 sec bouts. Individual birds were observed at close range to
             quantify their behavior and location. Time spent in foraging behavior, foraging tactics used,
             vegetational substrate used, strata occupied and success rates were all coded and recorded.
             Compilation of this data is intended to give an indication of direct bird/substrate/strata
             relationships, as well as, indicate habitat profitability.



                                                             6










              SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIE         S



                    Overall, the 1993 fall migration on the lower Delmarva was considerably stronger
              than that of the previous year. While the total number of species observed remained
              relatively constant over the two falls, the numbers of birds detected in the zone study
              (conducted in both years) were higher in 1993 for residents, long-distance migrants, and
              short-distance migrants (Appendix I). There is general agreement in the patterns of peak
              activity for each of these groups with 1992 peaks appearing earlier and somewhat weaker.
              The addition of the larger 1993 data set will substantially strengthen the conclusions of this
              study.


              Zone/Forest Patch Study

                    Point counts were conducted at a selection of sites established in 1992. We included
              two small and two large forest patches in each of six zones and remarked all twenty-four
              during the first week of August. We initiated point counts on August 9 and continued to
              conduct counts two mornings a week through November 13. During this time, we counted
              a total of 16,800 birds of 115 species in nearly 4,032 point counts (Appendix II).




              Bayside Transect Study
                    Thirty transects were delineated and established in the field during the first week of
              August. Observers visited all transects, two mornings a week from August 11 to November
              13. A total of 6683 birds of 109 species were detected over almost 840 transect surveys
              (Appendix III).


              Banding Study
                    Kiptopeke Banding Station opened on September 5, and collection of fat, weight and
              recapture data began at that time. Daily operation of the station continued through October
              31. During the first two weeks of November the station was open for 8 days. We collected
              fat and weight data from 4,412 birds of 90 species. 346 birds (37 species) were recaptured

                                                           7









             during the 1993 season. We have both first capture and recapture fat/weight data for
             approximately 80% of those birds.


             Bayside Foraging Study
                    The bayside foraging study was conducted along the thirty transects established early
             in the 1993 season. We began foraging observations on August 11 and continued two
             mornings a week through November 13. Nearly 280 hours were spent recording 3,204
             foraging events.



             OVERVIEW OF FINAL PROJECT PHASE AND PLANNED ANALYSIS



                    We have completed two seasons of data collection and are now ready to begin a
             comprehensive analysis of our data. Within the zone/forest patch study, the combination of
             data from both 1992 and 1993 will likely strengthen the patterns established by analysis of
             1992 data. We anticipate that the studies initiated this year will help better define the
             relative importance of the bayside habitats.
                    We have prioritized our analyses with policy development considerations in mind.
             We will begin with an analysis of geographic distribution patterns, first systemwide and then
             within the bayside corridor. The second level of analysis will address habitat associations of
             migrants within the entire system and the bayside alone. The last.level of analysis will
             specifically examine habitat value factors employing data related to foraging behavior and the
             migrants' physiological condition (fat/weight).
                    As we analyze our data, we will continue to work closely with Northampton County,
             the SAMP coordinator, and other SAMP partners to interpret our results and help guide the
             development of the policy changes outlined in the SAMP strategy









                                                          8













             ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



                   Funding for this study was provided through grant # NA170ZO312-01 from NOAA's
             Office of Coastal Resource Management and administered by the Virginia Department of
             Environmental Quality's Coastal Resources Management Program. This study would not
             have been possible without the support and hard work of numerous individuals and agencies.
             We thank Michelle Davis, Randy Harris, Mike O'Brien, Rebecca Scholl, Daryl Thomas, and
             Mike Wilson for assistance in the field; John Dillard, Walter Smith, and Kiptopeke Banding
             Station volunteers for supporting our work at Kiptopeke. Thomas Smith and Karen
             Terwilliger assisted with management responsibilities. Toni Harrison, Pat Jarrell, and Faye
             McKinney provided critical administrative support. We appreciate the private landowners of
             Northampton County who generously gave us permission to work in their woodlots; Dr.
             George Oertel and the Oceanography Department of Old Dominion University for use of the
             Oyster Field Station; Sherman Stairs, Eastern Shore National Wildlife Refuge for access to
             refuge property; the staff of The Nature Conservancy's Virginia Coast Reserve for logistical
             support; and the Northampton County Planning Office for technical assistance.




















                                                         9











             LITERATURE CITED


             Mabey, S. E., J. McCann, L. J. Niles, C. Bartlett, and P. Kerlinger. 1993. The Neotropical
                    Migratory Songbird Coastal Corridor Report. A report of the Virginia
                    Department of Environmental Quality NA90AA-H-CZ839.

             Northampton County Planning and Zoning Department. 1989. Information and analysis:
                    Comprehensive plan background. Northampton Co. Planning and Zoning
                    Dept., Eastville,. VA 23347.


             Rusling, W. J. 1936. The study of the habits of diurnal migrants, as related to weather and
                    land masses during the fall migration on the Atlantic Coast, with particular
                    reference to the hawk flights of the Cape Charles (Virginia) region. Unpubl.
                    report.

             Watts, B. D. and S. E. Mabey. 1993. Spatio-temporal patterns of landbird migration on the
                    lower Delmarva peninsula. Unpublished report of the Center for Conservation
                    Biology, College of William and Mary and the Virginia Division of Natural
                    Heritage, Department of Conservation and Recreation.


























                                                          10








                                    APPENDIX 1. A comparison of 1992 and 1993 zone abundance data for three categories of birds.



                                                SHORT-DISTANCE MIGRANT SPECIES                                                                                                                                                LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT SPECIES
                                              3500     No. Birds                                                                                                                                                            700      No. Birds

                                              3000-                                                                                                                                                                         600-

                                              2500-                                                                                                                                                                         600-


                                              2000-                                                                                                                                                                         400-


                                              1500 -                                                                                                                                                                        300-


                                              1000              ............... ...... ......          .............  .. . .......... .... ... ............                                                                 200-


                                                 500-                                                                                                                                                                       100      . .. ... .... .. ........... .. ... . ...... ... .... ... ... .........


                                                     0                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                       1 2 3 4                    5 6 7 8 9 10                             11 12 13 14                                                                                               1    234567;91@111@1'314
                                                                                  Week of Observation                                                                                                                                                         Week of Observation
                                                                                        1993          --4-1992                                                                                                                                              -1993                          1992




                                                                                                                                                   RESIDENT SPECIES


                                                                                                                                  No. Birds
                                                                                                                        1000-




                                                                                                                         800 -- --




                                                                                                                         600-                                                 ..........   .................................




                                                                                                                         400-                                                           .......... ...............




                                                                                                                         200-




                                                                                                                             0
                                                                                                                                 1234667891011121314
                                                                                                                                                           Week of Observation


                                                                                                                                                        -1993                  -4- 1992





                   APPENDIX II. Point Count Data 1993: species abundance by week.


                 SPECIES                                     %%I          WK2          W0           WK4           W0           WK6          WK7          WK8          WK9        WK10         WKII          WK12          WK13         WK14         TOTAL

                 Green-backed He n                                            2            1                                                                 1

                 Great Blue Heron                                                          3                                                                 2
                 American Woodcock                                                                                                                                                                                             6            3               9
                 Common Bobwhite                                13                         16                         3            20           3                                                                              1                            56
                 Sharp-ahinned Hawk                                                                                                             1            2            3           5            2           1               2            1               17
                 Red-tailed Hawk                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4
                 Broad-winged Hawk                                                                                                                                        2                                                                                 2
                 Red-shoulderod Hawk                                                                                                                                                                                                                        I
                 Bald Eagle                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                 American Kestrel                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I
                 Merlin                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I
                 Great-homed Owl                                                                                                   4                                                  2                                                                     12
                 Screech Owl                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1
                 Mourning Dove                                  7             5            9            14            4            7            10           5            1           17           2                                        18              99
                 Yellow-bil.led Cuckoo                          10            10           8            6             3            2            2            1                                                                                              42
                 Black-billed Cuckoo                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2
                 Chuck-will's Widow                                                                                                                                                                                                                         I
                 Ruby-throatod Hummingbird                      4             3            1            1                          2                                                                                                                        11
                 Red-headed Woodpecker                                        6            5            1             13_          3            3            2                                                                 2                            35
                 Red-belliod Woodpecker                         11            15           18           10            11           12           20           22           14          15           7           17              12           17              201
                 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker                                                                                                                                 3           2            1           1               2            3               12
                 Downey Woodpecker                              20            22           14           13            16           9            18           20           10          13           6           12              4            14              191
                 Hairy Woodpecker                               3             1            1            4                          3                         2    1       2           1                        1               4            4               26
                 Pileated Woodpecker                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4
                 Norther Flicker                                2             14           5            4             12           21           27           67           55          30           36          52              26           30              381
                 Eastern Wood Pewee                             3             6            2                                       2            1            5            1                                                                                 21
                 Acadian Flycatcher                                                                                   2                                      1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3





                   APPENDIX II confinued.




                SPECIES                                      WKI         WK2           WO          WK4           WKS          WK6          WK7
                                                                                                                                                        WK8          WK9        WK10        WKII          WK12             WK13       WK14.       TOTAL.1

                Great-crested Flycatcher                        5            2                         3             6            3

                Least Flycatcher

                Eastern Phoebe                                                                                                                              5            8           6                                                    1               32

                Eastern Kingbird                                                          2            1             6

                Blue Jay                                        12           21           9            8
                                                                                                                     13           20        27              71           67          54          is            49          12             17              385


                American Crow                                   4            19           1            6             9            18        12              7            1           14          6                         6              4               107

                Fish Crow                                       2            5            5            26            9            3                                                  1                                                    1               52

                Carolina Chickadee                              109          113          103          93            63           85        85              126          83          ISO         92            68          72             83              1325

                Brown Creeper                                                                                                                               2            2           16          7             8   _6                     17              58

                Tufted Titinouse                                5            16           18           6             16           20        20              14           18          27          19            32          27             27              265


                White-breasted Nuthatch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2


                Red-breasted Nuthatch                                                                                                       10              31           25          13          11            46          7              10              153


                Brown-headed Nuthatch                           2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2


                House Wren
                                                                                                                                                                         3           1                                                                    10


                Winter Wren                                                                                                                                 2            8           12          1             11          17             28              79
                Carolina Wren                                   184          202          142          100           153          129       143             121          106         87          63            85          40             126             1732

                Ruby-crownedKinglet                                                                                                                         2            5           12-         22            25          30             11              107

                Golden-crowned Kinglet                                                                                                                      1            5           65          85            168         213            122             659

                Blue-gray Gnatcatcher                           2            7            6            5             1                                      1                                                                                             22

                Eastern Bluebird
                Wood Thrush                                                                                                                                 6            2                                                                                10-

                Swainson's Thrush
                Gray-cheeked Thrush                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7
                Hermit Tlirush                                                                                                                                                                                                                            8
                Veery                                                                                                                                                    1           3           17            28          28             49              126
                                                                                                       3             25           7         5               3            -           -                                                                    43


                Arnerican Robin                                              22                        7             1            22        5               2            16          1           7             141         2639           191             3165
                Gray catbird                                                                                         2                      4               58           27          23          7             8     -2 T                 2               134





                   APPENDIX II wntinued.


                 SPECIES                                      WKI          Vm           WK3          WK4           WK5          WK6           WK7          VrKR         WK9         WKIO        WKII          WK12           WK13         WK14.         TOTAL
                 Mockingbird                                     2             1            3                          7            5             1            3            2             1                                                                    27

                 Brown Thrasher                                                                                                     1             4            20           7
                 Cedar Waxwing                                                                                                      1                          17                         6                       6            47            2                 79
                 European Sterling                                             22           51            36           29           34            16           5            2             41       28             3            90            1                 358
                 White-eyedVireo                                 2             5            4             3            1                                                                                                                                       15
                 Solitary Vireo                                                                                                                   I -                                     2                                                                    5
                 Red-eyed Vireo                                  10            10           19            9            16           19            6            9                                                                                               96
                 Warbling Vireo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                I
                 Blue-winged Warbler                                                        2                                                                                                                                                                  4
                 Tennessee Warbler                                                                                                                             2                                                                                               2
                 Nashville Warbler                                                                                                                2            1                                                                                               4
                 Northern Parula                                                                                                                  11           58           9             5                                                                    83
                                                                               17           24            25           55           20            23           40           4             4          1                                                         221
                 Black-and-white Warbler                         8
                 Black-throated Blue Warbler                                                5             6            7            7             22_          82           35            24                                                                   188
                 Blackbumian Warbler                                                                                                1                          4                                                                                               5
                 Chestnut-sided Warbler                                                     2             4                         1             3                                                                                                            11
                 Cape May Warbler                                                                                                                              I            11            1          2                                                         15
                 Magnolia Warbler                                                                                                   1             5            20           2                                                                                  30
                 Yellow-rumped Warbler                                                                                                                         5            56            138     212             167          186          177                941
                 Black-throatod Green Warbler                                                                                                     6            6            5             2          2                                                         21
                 Yellow-throated Warbler                                       2            1                          2                                                                                                                                       8 1
                 Prairie Warbler                                                                                                                                                                                                                               3
                 Bay-breasted Warbler                                                                                                                                       2                                                                                  4
                 Blackpoll Warbler                                                                                                                             3            6             3          1            2                                            15
                 Pine Warbler                                    12            35           42            29           19           45            57           18           8             8          2            2                                            277
                 Palm Warbler                                                                                                                                  9            6             14         2                          2            1                 34

                 Connecticut Warbler





                   APPENDIX II confinued.

                 SPECIES                                    V;K1         WO           WM           WK4          WK5         WK6          WK7    J      WK8          WK9        WKIO         WKII         WK12           WK13         WK14@
                 Ho ed Warbler                                               3                                                                                                                                                                           5
                 Canada Warbler                                 --           -            2            1                                                                                                                                                 4
                 Worm-eating Warbler                            2            4            6            6                                                                                                                                                 is
                 Ovenbird                                       2            6            is           10           18        10           8               13                                                                                            @3
                 Louisiana Waterthnish                          -            -                                                                             -                                                                                             I
                 Northern Waterthnish                           2                                                                                          2                                                                                             7
                 Corrunon Yellowthroat                          --           --                                                                            6            2           1           1                                                        12
                 American Redstart                              13           36           45           59           226       151         207              221          35          17          --                                                  1011-
                 Prothonotary Warbler                                        I            --           --           -                      --              --           --                      --                                                       I
                 Blue Grosbeak                                  2            1            1                                    1                           --                                   3                                                        8
                 Rose-breasted Grosbeak                         --                                                                          2              10                                   --                                                       12
                 Evening Grosbeak                               --           --           --           --           --                      --             -            --          -           5                            3            -              8
                 Northern Cardinal                              114          138          113          90           83        70           71              92           59          59          27            31             15           29          991
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                tf)
                 Indigo Bunting                                 9            --           -            -            --                                     2            8           1           1             --             -            --             22
                 Rufous-sided Towhee                            --                                                                                         3            5           9           3             10             5            5              39
                 Fox Sparrow                                                                                                                               --                       --          --            --             1            1              2
                 Song Sparrow                                                                          --                                                                           -           --            3              3            7              13
                 Field Sparrow                                                                         3                                                                            4           --            2              -            -              9
                 Chipping Sparrow                                                                      -                                                                1           2           7             --             6            6              22
                 White-throated Sparrow                                                                                                                    1            2           3           11            55             80           100         262
                 Swamp Sparrow                                                                                                                                          --          --          --            2              -            5              7
                 Dark-eyed Junco                                                                                                                                                    I           I             1              9            36             48
                 Red-winged Blackbird                                                     I                                                                                         --          -             --             1                           2
                 Rusty Blackbird                                -                                                                                                                   -                         --             51           4              55
                 Brown-headed Cowbird                           2                         --           --           I                                      -            --          -           --                           --           .- 1           3
                 Common Grackle                                 138          189          298          50           77        120           15             1            207         3           50            3              463          1          1615

                 Boat-tailed Grackle






                   APPENDIX II continued.



                SPECIES                                       WKI       WK2          WK3           WK4               WK5          WK6      WK7         WK8               WK9    WK10         WKII          WK12          WK13         WK14          TOTAL


                Northern Oriole                                                          4            2              22           46           5           4                                                                                              83


                Scarlet Tanager                               --            --           --           --             2            --           --          -                                                                                              2

                Summer Tanager                                5             7            6            1              2            4            4           1             --          I            --          -               -           --              31

                Purple Finch                                  --            -            --           --             --                                                  2           2            1           2               14   1      3               24

                House Finch                                   2                                                                                                          4           1            1           --              -           -               8


                Pine Siskin                                   -                                                                                            -             --          --           --          --              --          I               I


                American Goldfinch                            1             1                         -              --                        -           8                         4                        3               1           9               27


                UID Flycatcher                                --            --                        1              4                         2           2                         --                                                   -               10


                UID Crow                                                    2                         2              3                         -           --                        --                                                   --              7


                UID Tlimsh                                                  -                         -              2                                     2                         --                                                                   4


                UID Vireo                                                                --           --             --           --           I           --                        --                                                                   I

                UID Warbler                                   5             7            4            3              6   1        3            13          20            24          7   1        10                                                      102

                UID Sparrow                                   --            --           -            --                          -            -           --            -           --                                                                   I

                UID Hawk                                                    I                                                     1                                                                                                       3               5


                UID Kinglet                                                                                                                    --          --            --          1

                UID Woodpecker                                              I            I            I              I            1            1           2             1           2

                UID Bird                                      3             3            4            7              2            8            5           3             6           10           2           2                           2               57
                Total                                         734           987       1139         667               956          952       892         1290             978         951       782          1063          4202         1197       _168@OO@]








      4p




                    APPENDIX 111. Transect Survey Data 1993: species abundance by week.



                 SPECIES                                     WKI           WK2         VVX3         WK4           WK5          WK6          WK7           WK9          WK9         WKIO        WKI I         WK12           WK13             14       TOTAL


                 Great Blue Heron

                 American Woodcock                                                                                                                                                                                              3                             3
                 Sharp-shinned Hawk                                                                                                1            2                         1            6           5                            2            3                20

                 Cooper's Hawk

                 Red-tailed Hawk


                 Broad-winged Hawk
                 Bald Eagle                                                                                                        1            2                                                                                                             4
                 Osprey                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       4
                 Merlin                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       I

                 Peregrine Falcon                                                                                                                                                                                                                             I

                 Great-homod Owl                                                                                                                                                                                                                              I

                 Barred Owl                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   I
                 Mourning Dove                                   13            10  1       9            1            5             2            2             1                        6           9            2                                             60
                 Yellow-billod Cuckoo                            4             3                                     2                                                                                                                                        11

                 Black-billed Cuckoo                             1                                                                                                                                                                                            2

                 Chuck-will's Widow                              1                                                                                                                                                                                            2

                 Ruby-throated Hummingbird                       5             2           11                        1                                                                                                                                        19
                 Red-headed Woodpecker                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2
                 Red-beffied Woodpecker                          4             5           4    1       2            2     1       3            2             5           1                        1            6               3            4                42
                 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker                                                                                                                                              1           2                                                          3
                 Downey Woodpecker                               6             1           5            2            5             6            1             2           1            4           1            4               4                             42
                 Hairy Woodpecker                                                                       2                                                                                                                                                     2
                 Pileated Woodpecker                                                       1            2                                                     2                                                                                               5
                 Norther Flicker                                 2             6           3            6                          3            8             12          26           6           8            9               5            5                99

                 Eastern Wood Pewee                                            1                                     3                          3             1                                                                                               9

                 Acadian Flycatcher                                                                                                                                                                                                                           2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       @
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ]3












































                 Great-created Flycatcher                                                                            4                                                                                                                                        5
                                                                                           I






                   APPENDIX III continued.


                SPECIES                                     WKI         VVK2          WK3          WK4           wy,5         WK6          WK7          WK8         WK9         WKIO        WKII          WK12           WKI

                Willow Flycatcher                                                                                                 2                                                                                                                       2
                Yellow-bellied Flycatcher                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2
                Eastern Phoebe                                                                                                                              2           1                                                                                 3
                Eastern Kingbird                                          11              201          57           20            16                                                                                                                      305-
                Bam Swallow                                     2                                                                                                                                                                                         2
                Blue Jay                                        1         5               2            3            3             8            12           33          40          10           29          11               21        7                 185
                American Crow                                   -                                                                 10                                                                                                                      10
                Fish Crow                                       4                                      1            33                                                              1                                                                     39
                Carolina Chickadee                              82        54_             44           14           30            26           8            36          31          30           35          41               39        25                495
                Brown Creeper                                                                                                                                           2           6            4           5                3                           20-
                Tufted Titmouse                                 1         2               2            4            1             4            1            6           3           3            11          20               11        58                127

                Vo'bite-byrasted Nuthatch
                Red-breasted Nuthatch                                                                                             6            9            25          48          18           27          20               50        17                220
                House Wren                                                                                                                                                          I                                         1                           3

                Winter Wren                                                                                                                                             2           3            14                           18        4                 40
                Carolina Wren                                   103       84              70           28           25            30           34           27          25          13           30          .22              31        23                545
                Ruby-crowned Kinglet,                                                                                                                                   10          9            48          14               104       .11               196
                Golden-crowned Kinglet                                                                                                                          1       8           17           44          58               323       49                499
                Blu"my Gnatcatcher                              45         5              21           4            6             11                                                                                                                      92
                WoodThnish                                                                                                                                              2           1            1                                                        5
                Swainson's Thrush                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2
                Gray-cheeked Thrush                                                                                                                                                                                                                       5
                Hermit Thrush                                                                                                                                                       2            27          16               41        20                106
                Veery                                                                     2                         12            15           2                        1                                                                                 32
                American Robin                                  9                         1            2            8             1                                     2                        2           30               116                         186
                Gray Catbird                                                                                                                                15  1       14          6            8                            2                           46
                Mockingbird                         T           3                                                   4                                                   --                                                                                9





                    APPENDIX III confinued.



                 SPECIES                                     WKI          WK2         AX3          WK4           WK5         WK6          WK7           WK8         WK9          W  KIO     WKII          WK 12          WK13         WK14

                 Brown Tbrasher                                                                                                              3              4           2                                      1                                          11
                 European Starling                              --                        -           --             --          --          --                                                                50                                         50
                 White-eyod Virec,                              14            4           16          9              18          4           --             --                                                 --                                         65
                 Red-eyed Vireo                                 5             7           10          3              31          4           1              5                                                                                             66
                 Blue-wingod Warbler                                          1           4           --             --                                                                                                                                   5

                 Lawrence's Warbler                                           I           --                                                                                                                                                              I

                 Northern Parula                                                                                                 2           2              21          1                                                                                 26

                 Yellow Warbler                                                                                      --          I                                                                                                                        I

                 Black-and-white Warbler                        7             11          12          7              77          15          1              19          3           1           --                                                        154

                 Black-throated Blue Warbler                    --                        --          2              2           5           2              32          11          7           3                                                         64

                 Blackburnian Warbler                                                                                                                       2           --                                                                                3

                 Chestnut-aided Warbler                                                                                          I           I                                                  --                                                        3

                 Cape May Warbler                                                                                                            2              18          5           .2          1              1                                          29
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ON
                 Magnolia Warbler                                                                                    1           7           1              4           2                                                                                 15
                 Yellow-rurnped Warbler_                                                                                                     --             1           35          50        569              217        219          91             1182
                 Black-throated Green Warbler                                                                                    2           1              7           1                       3              3                                          17

                 Yellow-throated Warbler                                                                                         I           --                         7'                      --             --                                         I

                 Prairie Warbler                                10            1           3           3              2           7                          5                                                                                             31

                 Blackpoll Warbler                                                                                                           5              3           9           2           3              3                                          25

                 Pine Warbler                                   26            25          17          6              57          3           3              6           6                                      2                                          151

                 Palm Warbler                                                                                                    --          --                                                 2                                                         2

                 Mourning Warbler                                                                                                5                                                              --                                                        5

                 Kentucky Warbler                                                                                                                                                                                                                         I

                 Hooded Warbler                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I

                 Canada Warbler                                               2                                                                                                                                                                           2


                 Wflson's Warbler

                 Worin-eating Warbler                                                     5                                                                                                                                                               5





                   APPENDIX III continued.

                 SPECIES                                   WKI          WK2     T_;@_T_           WK4          WK5          WK6          WK7           WK8         WK9         WKIO        WKII          WK 12         WK13         WK14         TOTAL
                 Ovenbird                                                   2            2            3          3            4                            1                                                                                            16

                 Northern Waterthrush                                       I                         1                                                    2
                 Common Yellowthroat                                                     2            1          4            6                            3                                                                                            18
                 American Redstart                           7              23           9            19         74          202           10              55        8            5                                                                  412

                 Prothonotary Warbler                                       2                         1

                 Blue Grosbeak                                                           3            1

                 Rose-breasted Grosbeak                                                  2
                 Northern Cardinal                           41             33           22           22_        19           12           25              30        18          13             9            11             12          14            281
                 Indigo Bunting                                                                                                                            8          1
                 Rufous-sided Towhee                                                                                                                                  1           1             17                          8           3               30
                 Fox Sparrow                                                                                                                                                                                                            5
                 Song Sparrow                                                                                                                                                                   2                           5
                 Field Sparrow                                1             3                                                                                                                                3                          3               12
                 ChippingSparrow                                                                                                                                                                2            1
                 White-throated Sparrow                                                                                                                                                         13           3              24          19              59
                 Swamp Sparrow                                                                                                                                                                               2
                 Dark-eyed Junco,                                                                                                                                                               8            2              20          27              58

                 Brown-headed Cowbird                                                    2
                 Common Grackle                                                                                                                                                                 150                                                   15

                 Boat-tailed Grackle
                 Northern Oriole                                                                                  9                                        2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2
                 Orchard Oriole


                 Scarlet Tanager
                 Summer Tanager                               3             2            2            1           4            1                                                                                                                        13

                 Purple Finch

                                                                                                                                                                                                             2                                          3
                 House Finch


                 Pine Siskin






                   APPENDIX III continued.



               SPECIES                                             WK2        WK3         WK4         WK5         WK6         WK7         WK8        WK9        WK10       WKII         WK12         WK13        WK14.      TOTAL
                                                --T N;I                                                                   I           I          I           I          I           I            I

               American Goldfmch                                                                                      -          --        2                                               2           5           1               10

               UID Flycatcher                             1                                                           3          1         -                                               -                                       5

               UID Thrush                                 --                                                                                                                                                                       3

               UID Warbler                                2         2            2           6          13            19         3         24          10         6           3     1      3           3                           80

               UID Sparrow                                --                     --          --         -             -                    -           --         --          --                                                   I

               UID Hawk                                                                                                                                                                                                            2

               UID Woodpecker                                                                                                                                                                                                      I

               UID Bird                                   2         -            1           1          3             2          2         3           1          5           4
               Total                                    410        311         497         219         501          451          158      430         335        2397 1154               515          1074       408           6683









                                                                                                                                      OAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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