[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



                                     FISHES OF THE
                            EDISTO RIVER BASIN




                                                   Bibliography
                                        Historical Sampling Locations
                                               Species Occurrence























            QL61 4. 83                                REPORT6
            .S68
            F57                                Fisheries Habitat Committee
            1995                                Edisto River Basin Project
                                          S.C. Department of Natural Resources
                                                Water Resources Division
                                                Columbia, South Carolina







                                             FISHES


                                               of the


                               EDISTO RIVER BASIN


                                  SOUTH CAROLINA




                                           Bibliography

                               Historical Sampling Locations

                                     Species Occurrence



   Q-1
                                                 Editors:


                                            Barton C. Marcy, Jr.
                                         Suzanne K. O'Brien-White




   do

                                        Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                          Edisto River Basin Project
                                  South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
                                          Water Resources Division             C Library
                                          Columbia, South Carolina Property 01 CS

                                                Report 6
                                               March 1995
                                                      Us De
                                                          partment of coTmerce
                                                      NOAA Coastal services center Library
                                                      2234 south 1,@obsori Avenue
                                                                      29405-2413
                                                      Cliarieston, sc
          4














                                                                 State of South Carolina
                                                                                                                                   ,A CAR
                                                  The Honorable David M. Beasley, Governor


                                             South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                       OR MT
                                                               Water Resources Division





                                                                    Appointed Members

                        Mr. Marion Burnside, Chairman                  ..................................................  Member-at-Large

                        Mr. Thomas W. Miller, Vice Chairman                    ............................ 3rd Congressional District

                        Mr. George L. Vickery            ..................................................... 1 st Congressional District

                        Mr. J.M. Pendarvis          ......................................................... 2nd Congressional District

                        Mr. Knox L. Haynsworth, Jr              ............................................. 4th Congressional District

                        Mr. Jake Rasor, Jr        . .......................................................... 5th Congressional District

                        Mr. Howard H. Poston, Jr            . ............................................... 6th Congressional District



                                                                                Staff


                                                     James A. Timmerman, Jr., Ph.D., Director

                                               Alfred H. Vang, Deputy Director, Water Resources

                                       Hank Stallworth, Assistant Deputy Director, Water Resources

                               Anne Hale Miglarese, Chief, Resource Assessment & Planning Section








                         FISHES OF THE EDISTO RIVER BASIN










                                                                Contents


                                                                                                                   Page

                    Edisto River Basin Project     .....................................................

                    Introduction
                                    .................................................................               3


                    Edisto River Basin                                                                              5


                    Fishes of the Edisto River Basin                                                                9


                            Freshwater Fishes                                                                       9


                            Anadromous Fishes                                                                       11


                            Estuarine / Marine Fishes    ................................................           12


                    Fish Species Occurrence in the Edisto River Basin / Estuary        .......................      13

                            Freshwater     ...........................................................              15


                            Saltwater    .............................................................              21


                    Historical Fisheries Sampling Locations in the Edisto River Basin / Estuary        ...........  27

                            Freshwater     ...........................................................              29


                            Saltwater    .............................................................              37


                    Bibliography    ................................................................                41

                            Edisto River Basin / Estuary    .............................................           41

                                    Freshwater     .....................................................            43


                                    Saltwater    ......................................................             44


                            Adjacent River Basins       .................................................           47

                                    Freshwater / Saltwater  .............................................           49


                            Selected Related Fisheries References in South Carolina        ....................     51


                                    Freshwater     .....................................................            53


                                    Saltwater    .......................................................            55

































































          1V    FISHES OF THE EDISTO RIVER BASIN









                                                                     Tables


                                                                                                                       Page

                     1        Families, genera, and species collected in freshwater and

                              saltwater surveys from 1964 to 1994, in the Edisto River Basin   Estuary   .............   10

                     2        Fish species occurring in freshwater portions of the Edisto River Basin  ..............    15

                     3        Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin  ...............    21





                                                                    Figures

                                                                                                                        Page

                     Maps showing:

                     1        Counties of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina    .............................          6

                     2        Sub-basins and major streams of the Edisto River Basin      ........................         7

                     3        Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the North Fork Edisto River sub-basin      32

                     4        Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the South Fork Edisto River sub-basin      33

                     5        Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the Four Hole Swamp sub-basin       .....  34

                     6        Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the main stem Edisto River sub-basin .     35

                     7        Freshwater-fisheries river surveys in the Edisto River Basin  ......................       36

                     8        Estuarine-fisheries sampling locations on the South Edisto River   ..................      38

                     9        Estuarine-fisheries sampling locations on the North Edisto River    .................      39
















                                                                                                                                V









                                                                                                I




























































          Vi    FISHES OF THE EDISTO RIVER BASIN








                                                     Edisto River Basin Project

                        The Edisto River Basin Project involved citizens of the Basin in the evaluation and planning of


                     the region's natural, cultural, and economic assets. A primary goal of the project was to make future-


                     land-use planning recommendations concerning how these resources should be utilized and/or


                     protected. The project was conducted by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources


                     (SCDNR) in partnership with the South Carolina Department of Commerce and the South Carolina


                     Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and


                     Atmospheric Administration.

                                                   Fisheries Habitat Committee


                        The Fisheries Habitat Committee was formed to evaluate the quality of fisheries habitat in the


                     Basin and make recommendations to the Edisto River Basin project task force and basin residents as


                     to how the fishery resource should be utilized, protected, and managed.



                        B. C. Marcy      Chairperson,          Fisheries Biologist, Westinghouse Savannah River Company

                        L. Baldwin                             Private citizen, Shrimper

                        C. R. Brown                            Environmental Planner, SCDNR

                        T. Dingley                             Manager, Orangeburg National Fish Hatchery, U.S. Fish and
                                                               Wildlife Service, Retired

                        J. Hansbarger                          Biologist, University of South Carolina

                        S. K. O'Brien-White                    Geographic Information System Design Analyst, SCDNR

                        M. H. Paller                           Fisheries Biologist, Westinghouse Savannah River Company

                        W. A. Roumillat                        Marine Fisheries Biologist, SCDNR

                        G. T. Sloat                            Fisheries Biologist, National Marine Fisheries Service

                        D. R. Spencer                          Biologist, National Marine Fisheries Service

                        C. S. Thomason                         Freshwater Fisheries Biologist, SCDNR

                        C. Zemp                                Marine Fisheries Biologist, SCDNR



                                                                                         Edisto River Basin Project



































































            2         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin                                                           m










                                                              Introduction


                             This report summarizes all of the available fish population data and fishery information


                     collected to date in the Edisto River Basin and estuary. It includes a bibliography of both freshwater


                     and saltwater fisheries references specific to the Edisto, adjacent river basins, and selected related


                     fisheries references in South Carolina pertinent to the species occurring in the Edisto River Basin.


                     The report also includes the historical sampling locations and descriptions for both freshwater and


                     saltwater fisheries studies and surveys and a historical listing of freshwater and saltwater fish species


                     occurring in the Basin and estuary.


                             A geographic information system (GIS) is used extensively in the Edisto River Basin Project


                     as a tool to evaluate natural and anthropogenic resources. Maps included in this document were


                     created by the Water Resources Division of the SCDNR, using the ARC/INFO analysis software and


                     Adobe Illustrator graphics software. Sampling locations were developed from a series of fisheries


                     survey data. The hydrography data represent the river channels and tributary system of the Edisto


                     River Basin compiled by the United States Geological Survey at a scale of 1:24,000.


                             Members of the Fisheries Habitat Committee of the Edisto River Basin Project compiled


                     and verified fish population data and fishery information for this report. The commiffee especially


                     wishes to acknowledge Anne Hale Miglarese, Chief of the Resource Assessment and Planning


                     Section of the Water Resources Division, and Barry Beasley, Project Director, for their support of this


                     document. Appreciation especially goes to Jim Scurry and Chris Page, also of the Water Resources


                     Division, for their technical expertise and support throughout the process of creating and publishing


                     this document.











                                                                                                        Introduction









                                                                                                                M




























































           4          Fishes of the Edisto River Basin                                                          m










                                                          Edisto River Basin


                             The Edisto River Basin is located in south-central South Carolina (Figure 1). From its west-


                    ern extreme in eastern Edgefield County, the Basin extends southeastward 130 miles across the


                    Coastal Plain to the Atlantic Ocean. The Edisto River Basin is a drainage area of about 3,120 square


                    miles (nearly 2 million acres). The region occupies approximately one-tenth of the area of South


                    Carolina. The width of the Basin ranges from an approximately 30-mile-wide corridor, through an 8-


                    mile-wide bottleneck below Givhans Ferry State Park, to a 10- to 24- mile-wide estuarine region at the


                    coast. Portions of 12 counties are encompassed by the Basin. These counties are: Edgefield,


                    Saluda, Lexington, Aiken, Barnwell, Bamberg, Orangeburg, Calhoun, Dorchester, Berkeley, Charles-


                    ton, and Colleton (Figure 1).


                             The approximately 250 unobstructed river miles from the headwaters in Edgefield County to


                    the Atlantic Ocean have distinguished the Edisto as one of the longest free-flowing blackwater rivers


                    in the United States. The Edisto River and its tributaries are associated with extensive wetland areas.


                    The Basin is drained by four sub-basins: South Fork Edisto River, North Fork Edisto River, Edisto


                    River (main stem), and Four Hole Swamp (Figure 2).


                            The North and South Forks of the Edisto River originate in the upper Coastal Plain, primarily


                    in the Sandhills regions of Edgefield, Saluda, and Lexington Counties. The North and South Forks


                    drain two sub-basins of 750 and 870 square miles, respectively. These sub-basins span approxi-


                    mately 70-75 miles each and then join to form the main stem of the Edisto River. The headwaters of


                    Four Hole Swamp sub-basin are in the Coastal Plain in Calhoun and Orangeburg Counties and drain


                    about 650 square miles. The Four Hole Swamp system spans approximately 50 miles before it





                     Adopted from Marshal 1 (11993) and Thomason et al. (11993).


                                                                                                 Edisto River Basin           5







                                               COUNTIES OF THE EDISTO
                                                                         RIVER BASIN






                                              Saluda
                                                                        ngton
                                Edgefleid

                                                                                             "
                                                                                               8 OU
                                                                                             'Jc lh


                                              Aiken
                                                                           "n, z"'
                                                                                         range u 9


                                                           Barnwell
                                                                              Bambeto@"'
                                                                                                                                   Berkeley
                                                                                                     Dorchester





                                                                                                Colleton


                                                                                                                      @.Charleston



                                           Edisto River Basin
                                           County Boundaries







                                                                                    0        10      20      30      40 Miles







                                              Edisto River Basin Project                                                        Map produced by: Suzanne OBrien White
                                  South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                  for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                              Water R sources Division                                                              SCONRIWRDIGISI MS-95-07-14
                                              Columb!ia, South Carolina




                         Figure 1. Counties of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina


                                  Fishes of the Edisto River Basin







                                                                   EDISTO RIVER BASIN
                                                               Sub-Basins and Major Streams




                                                                                            NORTHFORK
                                                                                            EDISTO RIVER








                                                                                                                                                FOUR HOLE
                                                                                                                                                    SWAMP




                                                                   SOUTH FORK
                                                                   EDISTO RIVER









                                                                                                                      MAIN STEM
                                                                                                                    EDISTO RIVER
                                                    Sub-Basin Boundaries
                                                    Major Streams








                                                                                            0. 5 10 15 20 25 30 miles






                                                   Edisto River Basin Project                                                               Map produced by: Suzanne ClBrien White
                                        South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                        for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                                   Water Resources Division                                                                     SCDNR/WRD1GlS/ MS-95-07-15
                                                   Columbia, South Carolina





                               Figure 2. Sub-basins and major streams of the Edisto River Basin
                                                                                                                                            V























































                                                                                                                                                    Edisto River Basin











                  discharges into the main stem of the Edisto River. The Edisto River (main stem) eventually receives


                  all the drainage from the North and South Forks and Four Hole Swamp. In addition, the main stem


                  receives drainage from its own sub-basin area of about 850 square miles. The main stem extends


                  approximately 65 miles from the confluence of the North and South Forks to the Atlantic Ocean. At


                  the coast, the Edisto River is divided by Edisto Island to form the North and South Edisto Rivers, each


                  having a distinct estuary. Most of the freshwater flow is toward the south side of Edisto Island. These


                  tidally influenced brackish streams also receive drainage from bordering salt marshes, tidal rivers, and


                  tidal creeks. The coastal/estuarine portion of the main-stem drainage is about 200 square miles.


                          The Edisto River flows relatively fast over a bottom of shifting sand. As it enters the lower


                  Coastal Plain, the bottom also includes much marl. Numerous meanders create undercut banks with


                  resulting deadfalls. Stream gradient is slight, falling only about 650 feet over the entire length of the


                  system. The stream channel is generally narrow and heavily canopied in the upper reaches, but it


                  broadens as it nears the coast. While the channel is well defined during low to normal flows, it


                  frequently leaves the streambed after heavy rainfall events and inundates the swampy flood plain.


                  Tidal influences begin at about river mile 40.


                          Water quality of the Edisto River is generally good: characterized by low turbidity, low alkalin-


                  ity, and dark color, the latter resulting from the leaching of organic materials in the flood plain. The


                  water is acidic, having a pH between 5.5 and 6.0.

















                         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin / Estuary

                                                             Freshwater Fishes


                             The fish community of the Edisto River system is diverse and contains both freshwater and


                     saltwater species. Management activities on the system in recent years have been limited to the


                     collection of biological data, the earliest being in 1964 and 1968. These surveys focused on the


                     species composition of fish in the Edisto River Basin. To date, 87 species (25 families) have been


                     collected and identified from the freshwater portion of the Basin and 120 species (52 families) have


                     been collected and identified from the saltwater portion of the Basin from all sampling efforts since


                     1964 (Table 1). The Edisto River typifies the "blackwater streams" of the Southeastern Coastal Plain


                     of the United States. These systems have historically supported highly regarded fisheries, particu-


                     larly for redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus).


                             Stockings of various fish species were common in the river, with surplus hatchery production


                     of redbreast sunfish, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), large-


                     mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) stocked by the South


                     Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department (SCWMRD) (as of 1993, South Carolina Depart-


                     ment of Natural Resources; SCDNR) on numerous occasions, usually at the request of public offi-


                     cials. The National Fish Hatchery at Orangeburg, operated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, has


                     also periodically released sunfish, largemouth bass, catfish, and striped bass (Morone saxatifis), in


                     the North Fork Edisto River.


                             The SCDNR sampled river habitats for freshwater fish species from 1988 to 1990, collecting a


                     total of 68 species. Spotted sucker (Minytrema melanops) contributed the most biomass. Other





                   *Adopted from Marshall (1993), Thomason et al. (1993), and W. A. Roumillat (personal communication)


                                                                                       Fishes of the Edisto River Basin         9









                   Table 1. Families, genera, and species collected in freshwater and saltwater surveys from
                   1964 to 1994, in the Edisto River Basin      Estuary



                                                                          Families         Genera           Species




                       Freshwater surveys                                    25                47               87

                       Saltwater surveys                                     52                85               120

                       Reported in both surveys                              13                 14              18



                       Families, genera, and species count
                       for the Edisto River Basin / Estuary                  64                118              189





                   dominant species (by weight) included bowfin (Amia calva), flat bullhead (Ameiurus


                   platycepha/us),Iargemouth bass, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), longnose gar (Lepisosteus


                   osseus), and American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Redbreast sunfish, an important recreational species,


                   contributed 6 percent to the total biomass. A 1989-90 creel census for the Edisto River to determine


                   the user and harvest characteristics of the sport fishery was conducted by SCDNR. These data


                   indicate that the redbreast sunfish is by far the most sought-after species in terms of the percentage

                   of angler hours of directed effort (65 percent of total directed effort). Redbreast sunfish was the

                   dominant species harvested in terms of numbers (45 percent) and pounds (32 percent) of fish caught.


                   Results indicated that flat bullhead and channel catfish were second to the redbreast sunfish in being


                   sought-after and in total catch. The catch per unit of effort was much greater for the bullhead and


                   channelcatfish. Census results showed that the Edisto freshwater sport fishery maybe characterized


                   as a winter bullhead and channel caff ish fishery and late spring/early summer redbreast fishery with


                   low fishing pressure in the late summer and autumn.



              .10        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin










                              The Edisto River is ranked as the number one river fished according to respondents in a


                     State survey. With the economic worth of the Edisto River fishery (over 1 million dollars annually)


                     coupled to the estimated $725,000 spent on the neighboring Combahee River fishery, these coastal


                     river fisheries are providing valuable recreational and economic opportunities for the people in their


                     drainage areas.


                                                             Anadromous Fishes


                              Anadromous fish species known to occur in the Edisto River include the American shad


                     (Alosa sapidissima), hickory shad (Alosa mediocris), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass,


                     Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus), and shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), an


                     endangered species. A survey conducted by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service reported that the


                     recent status of each of these species in the Edisto River, except for the American shad and


                     shortnose sturgeon, was judged to be stable (Rulifson 1982). Census and harvest data have indi-


                     cated declines in American shad.


                              The shad fishery of the Edisto has traditionally been important to residents of the region. The


                     recreational shad fishery for South Carolina is centered on the Edisto River in the Jacksonboro area.


                     Reports of commercial catches for shad in the Edisto date back to 1880. Major declines in commer-


                     cial landings were noted. A summary of American shad landed in South Carolina showed a decline


                     of approximately 85 percent over the period from 1896 to 1977.


                              The Edisto shad fishery was reported in 1978 to extend from Willtown Bluff to Branchville, but


                     shad have been known to ascend the river as far as Orangeburg on the North Fork Edisto River and


                     Norway on the South Fork Edisto River. Unpublished data from L. E. Cable in 1938 indicated that the


                     major shad spawning grounds were between Westbank Landing and Givhans Ferry. Wade (11971)


                     reported that 92 percent of the spawning activity of the American shad on the Edisto River occurred




                                                                                        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin











                between Westbank Landing and Jellico Landing just south of Givhans Ferry State Park. Another 7


                percent occurred between Jellico Landing and Givhans Ferry.


                                                 Estuarine / Marine Fishes


                        There have been no economic impact analyses limited solely to the Edisto River estuarine


                system. A coastwide assessment was made by Ray Rhodes, SCIDNR Economist, but the results


                have not been fully analyzed.


                        The only commercial fin-fish fishery in the estuarine area of the Edisto River System was the


                limited gill-net capture of the presently protected Atlantic sturgeon, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus),


                and the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). The red drum and spotted seatrout, along with the


                sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) and southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) are


                presently most sought by recreational anglers (Low, 1989). Much of the effort to capture these


                species is by angling from small boats, primarily because the preferred habitats of these fishes are


                inaccessible from the shore. Fishes captured from shore-access regions (bridges, private piers, and


                docks) are primarily the spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus),


                southern kingfish (Menticirrhus americanus), silver perch (Bairdiella chrysura), and sea catfish (Arius


                felis).


                        Creel census surveys have been conducted (Low et al. 1986, 1987, 1992a, 1992b) to esti-


                mate recreational harvest by anglers throughout the State. These efforts for the Edisto region indi-


                cate relatively light harvest rates, probably because of the low human population present, and the


                relative inaccessibility of appropriate habitat for fish capture.


                        No intentional fish stocking has occurred in the estuarine area of the Edisto River drainage.


                Much of the aquaculture activity that has taken place at the Bears Bluff Research Laboratory facility in


                recent years has involved the Atlantic sturgeon and the endangered shortnose sturgeon.



            12        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                    Fish Species Occurrence


                                Edisto River Basin                            Estuary




                                                       Freshwater
                                                        Saltwater







                                                                                                       Af





















                                                                     Fish Species Occurrence - Freshwater    13


































































            14        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin











                       Table 2. Fish species occurring in freshwater portions of the Edisto River Basin 1



                       Family                         Common name                    Scientific name


                       Petromyzontidae - lampreys

                                                      Sea lamprey                    Petromyzon marinus


                       Acipenseridae - sturgeons

                                                      Shortnose sturgeon             Acipenser brevirostrum
                                                      Atlantic sturgeon              Acipenseroxyrhynchus


                       Lepisosteidae - gars

                                                      Longnose gar                   Lepisosteus osseus



                       Amiidae - bowfins


                                                      Bowfin                         Amia calva



                       Anguillidae - freshwater eels

                                                      American eel                   Anguilla rostrata


                       Clupeidae - herrings

                                                      Blueback herring               Alosa aestivalis
                                                      American shad                  Alosa sapidissima
                                                      Gizzard shad                   Dorosoma cepedianum













                     Source:
                            C. S. Thomason et al. (1993) and personal communication from C. S. Thomason (1995).




                                                                           Fish Species Occurrence - Freshwater       15












                      Table 2. Fish species occurring in freshwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                      Family                              Common name                          Scientific name


                      Cyprinidae - minnows and carps

                                                          Rosyside dace                        Clihostomus funduloides
                                                          Grass carp                           Ctenopharyngodon idella
                                                          Bannerfin shiner                     Cyprinella leedsi
                                                          Whitefin shiner                      Cyprinella nivea
                                                          Common carp                          Cyprinus carpio
                                                          Bluehead chub                        Nocomis leptocephalus
                                                          Golden shiner                        Notemigonus crysoleucas
                                                          Highfin shiner                       Notropis altipinnis
                                                          Ironcolor shiner                     Notropis chalybaeus
                                                          Dusky shiner                         Notropis cummingsae
                                                          Spottail shiner                      Notropis hudsonius
                                                          Sailfin shiner                       Notropis hypselopterus
                                                          Yellowfin shiner                     Notropis lutipinnis
                                                          Taillight shiner                     Notropis maculatus
                                                          Coastal shiner                       Notropis petersoni
                                                          Rosyface chub                        Notropis rubescens
                                                          Pugnose minnow                       Opsopoeodus emiliae
                                                          Creek chub                           Semotilus atromaculatus



                      Catostomidae - suckers


                                                          Creek chubsucker                     Erimyzon oblongus
                                                          Lake chubsucker                      Erimyzon sucetta
                                                          Spotted sucker                       Minytrema melanops
                                                          Silver redhorse                      Moxostoma anisurum
                                                          Striped jumpock                      Moxostoma rupiscartes



                      Ictaluridae - freshwater catfishes


                                                          Snail bullhead                       Ameiurus brunneus
                                                          White catfish                        Ameiurus catus
                                                          Yellow bullhead                      Ameiurus natalis
                                                          Brown bullhead                       Ameiurus nebulosus
                                                          Flat bullhead                        Ameiurus platycephalus
                                                          Blue catfish                         Ictalurus furcatus
                                                          Channel catfish                      Ictalurus punctatus
                                                          Tadpole madtom                       Noturus gyrinus
                                                          Margined madtom                      Noturus insignis
                                                          Speckled madtom                      Noturus leptacanthus
                                                          Broadtail madtom                     Noturus sp.
                                                          Flathead catfish                     Pylodictis ofivaris


             16           Fishes of the Edisto River Basin












                        Table 2. Fish species occurring in freshwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                        Family                            Common name                       Scientific name


                        Esocidae - pikes

                                                          Redfin pickerel                   Esox americanus americanus
                                                          Chain pickerel                    Esox niger



                        Umbridae - mudminnows


                                                          Eastern mudminnow                 Umbra pygmaea


                        Aphredoderidae - pirate perches

                                                          Pirate perch                      Aphredoderus sayanus


                        Amblyopsidae - cavefishes

                                                          Swampfish                         Chologaster comuta



                        Belonidae - needlefishes


                                                          Atlantic needlefish               Strongylura marina


                        Cyprinodontidae - killifishes

                                                          Murnmichog                        Fundulus heteroclitus
                                                          Lined topminnow                   Fundulus fineolatus



                        Poecilildae - livebearers;


                                                          Eastern mosquitofish              Gambusia holbrooki
                                                          Least killifish                   Heterandria formosa



                        Atherinidae - silversides


                                                          Brook silverside                  Labidesthes sicculus







                                                                                 Fish Species Occurrence - Freshwater           17












                     Table 2. Fish species occurring in freshwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                     Family                            Common name                        Scientific name


                     Percichthyidae - temperate basses

                                                       Striped bass                       Morone saxatifis



                     Centrarchidae - sunfishes


                                                       Mud sunfish                        Acantharchus pomotis
                                                       Flier                              Centrarchus macropterus
                                                       Everglades pygmy sunfish           Elassoma evergladei
                                                       Bluebarred pygmy sunfish           Elassoma okatie
                                                       Banded pygmy sunfish               Elassoma zonatum
                                                       Blackbanded sunfish                Enneacanthus chaetodon
                                                       Bluespotted sunfish                Enneacanthus gloriosus
                                                       Banded sunfish                     Enneacanthus obesus
                                                       Redbreast sunfish                  Lepomis auritus
                                                       Green sunfish                      Lepomis cyanellus
                                                       Pumpkinseed                        Lepomis gibbosus
                                                       Warmouth                           Lepomis gulosus
                                                       Bluegill                           Lepomis macrochirus
                                                       Dollar sunfish                     Lepomis marginatus
                                                       Redear sunfish                     Lepomis microlophus
                                                       Spotted sunfish                    Lepomis punctatus
                                                       Largemouth bass                    Micropterus salmoides
                                                       Black crappie                      Pomoxis nigromaculatus



                     Percidae - perches


                                                       Savannah darter                    Etheostoma fricksium
                                                       Swamp darter                       Etheostoma fusiforme
                                                       Christmas darter                   Etheostoma hopkinsi
                                                       Turquoise darter                   Etheostoma inscriptum
                                                       Tesellated darter                  Etheostoma olmstedi
                                                       Sawcheek darter                    Etheostoma serrifer
                                                       Blackbanded darter                 Percina nigrofasciata



                     Gerreidae - mojarras

                                                       Spotfin mojarra                    Eucinostomus argenteus







              18         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin











                      Table 2. Fish species occurring in freshwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                      Family                         Common name                    Scientific name



                      Mugilidae - mullets

                                                     Striped mullet                 Mugil cephalus


                      Eleotridae - sleepers

                                                     Fat sleeper                    Dormitator maculatus



                      Bothidae - lefteye flounders

                                                     Summer flounder                Paralichthys dentatus
                                                     Southern flounder              Paralichthys lethostigma



                      Soleidae - soles


                                                     Hogchoker                      Trinectes maculatus






























                                                                          Fish Species Occurrence - Freshwater       19



































































            20        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin











                        Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin 1



                          Family                   Common Name                        Scientific Name


                        Carcharlhinidae - requiem sharks

                                                           Finetooth shark                     Carcharhinus isodon
                                                           Blacktip shark                      Carcharhinus limbatus
                                                           Smooth dogfish                      Mustelus canis
                                                           Lemon shark                         Negaprion brevirostris
                                                           Atlantic sharpnose shark            Phizoprionodon terraenovae


                        Sphyrnidae - hammerhead sharks

                                                           Scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini
                                                           Bonnethead shark                    Sphyrna tiburo


                        Squalidae - spiny dogfishes

                                                           Spiny dogfish                       Squalus acanthias


                        Rajidae - skates

                                                           Clearnose skate                     Paja eglanteria


                        Dasyatidae - stingrays

                                                           Southern stingray                   Dasyatis americana
                                                           Atlantic stingray                   Dasyafis sabina
                                                           Bluntnose stingray                  Dasyatis sayi
                                                           Smooth butterfly ray                Gymnura micrura




                          Source:
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sportsfish Restoration.
                                 Trammel Net Samples (1991-1994).
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sportsfish Restoration. Larval
                                 Fish Assessment (1988).
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sportsfish Restoration. North
                                 Edisto Larval Ingress Study (1993-1994).
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. Bears Bluff Trawl Samples (1959-1965).
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. Stationary Shad Gill Net Samples (1988-1994).
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. Drift Shad Gill Net Samples (1988-1994).
                                 SCDNR, Marine Resources Division. Trawl Samples for American Shad (1989).


                                                                                    Fish Species Occurrence - Saltwater            21












                      Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                      Family                           Common Name                      Scientific Name


                      Myliobatidae - eagle rays

                                                       Cownose ray                      Rhinoptera bonasus


                      Acipenseridae - sturgeons

                                                       Shortnose sturgeon               Acipenser brevirostrum
                                                       Atlantic sturgeon                Acipenser oxyrhynchus


                      Lepisosteidae - gars;

                                                       Longnose gar                     Lepisosteus osseus


                      Elopidae - tarpons and ladyfish

                                                       Tarpon                           Megalops atlanticus
                                                       Ladyfish                         Elops saurus


                      Anguillidae - freshwater eels

                                                       American eel                     Anguilla rostrata



                      Congridae - conger eels

                                                       Conger eel                       Conger oceanicus


                      Ophichthidae - snake and worm eels

                                                       Spotted worm eel                 Myrophis punctatus


                      Clupeidae - herrings

                                                       Blueback herring                 Alosa aestivalis
                                                       Hickory shad                     Alosa mediocris
                                                       American shad                    Alosa sapidissima
                                                       Yellowfin menhaden               Brevoortia smithi
                                                       Atlantic menhaden                Brevoortia tyrannus



              22         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin












                                                     I



                        Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                        Family                             Common Name                         Scientific Name


                        Clupeidae - herrings (cont.)

                                                           Gizzard shad                        Dorosoma cepedianum
                                                           Threadfin shad                      Dorosoma pentenense
                                                           Atlantic thread herring             Opisthonema oglinum


                        Engraulidae - anchovies

                                                           Striped anchovy                     Anchoa hepsetus
                                                           Bay anchovy                         Anchoa mitchilli


                        Synodontidae - lizardfishes

                                                           Inshore lizardfish                  Synodus foetens



                        Ictaluridae - freshwater catfishes


                                                           White catfish                       Ameiurus catus
                                                           Brown bullhead                      Ameiurus nebulosus
                                                           Channel catfish                     Ictalurus punctatus



                        Arlidae - sea catfishes


                                                           Sea catfish                         Arius felis
                                                           Gaftopsail catfish                  Bagre marinus



                        Batrachoididae - toadfishes


                                                           Oyster toadfish                     Opsanus tau


                        Goblesocidae - clingfishes

                                                           Clingfish                           Gobiesox strumosus








                                                                                   Fish Species Occurrence - Saltwater             23












                       Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                       Family                             Common Name                         Scientific Name



                       Gadidae - codfishes


                                                          Carolina hake                       Urophycis earli
                                                          Southern hake                       Urophycis floridanus
                                                          Spotted hake                        Urophycis regius


                       Ophidiidae - cusk-eels and brotulids

                                                          Striped cusk-eel                    Ophidion marginatum



                       Belonidae - needlefishes


                                                          Atlantic needlefish                 Strongylura marina


                       Cyprinodontidae - killifishes

                                                          Sheepshead minnow                   Cyprinodon variegatus
                                                          Mummichog                           Fundulus heteroclitus
                                                          Spoff in killifish                  Fundulus luciae
                                                          Striped killifish                   Fundulus majalis



                       Atherinidae - sliversides


                                                          Atlantic silverside                 Menidia menidia



                       Syngnathidae - pipefishes and seahorses

                                                          Dusky pipefish                      Syngnathus floridae
                                                          Northern pipefish                   Syngnathus fuscus
                                                          Chain pipefish                      Syngnathus touisianae


                       Percichthyidae - temperate basses

                                                          Striped bass                        Morone saxatilis








              24          Fishes of the Edisto River Basin











                        Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                        Family                              Common Name                        Scientific Name



                        Serranidae - sea basses


                                                            Rock seabass                       Centropfisfis philadelphica
                                                            Black seabass                      Centropristis striata
                                                            Gag grouper                        Mycteroperca microlepis



                        Pomatomidae - bluefish


                                                            Bluefish                           Pomatomus saltatrix



                        Carangidae - jacks

                                                            Blue runner                        Caranx cfysos
                                                            Jack crevalle                      Caranx hippos
                                                            Atlantic bumper                    Chloroscombrus chrysurus
                                                            Atlantic moonfish                  Selene setapinnis
                                                            Lookdown                           Selene vomer



                        Lutjanidae - snappers

                                                            Gray snapper                       Lutjanus griseus
                                                            Lane snapper                       Lutjanus synagris


                        Lobotidae - tripletail

                                                            Tripletail                         Lobotes surinamensis


                        Gerreldae - mojarras

                                                            Spotfin mojarra                    Eucinostomus argenteus
                                                            Mojarra                            Eucinostomus sp.
                                                                                               (cf E harengula)


                        Pomadasyidae - grunts

                                                            Pigfish                            Orthoprisfis chtysoptera





                                                                                   Fish Species Occurrence - Saltwater             25












                      Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin             (Cont.)



                      Family                             Common Name                        Scientific Name


                      Sparidae - porgies

                                                         Pinfish                            Lagodon rhomboides
                                                         Sheepshead                         Archosargus probatocephalus



                      Sciaenidae - croakers and drums


                                                         Silver perch                       Bairdiella chrysur
                                                         Spotted seatrout                   Cynoscion nebulosus
                                                         Sand trout                         Cynoscion nothus
                                                         Weakfish                           Cynoscion regalis
                                                         Banded drum                        Larimus fasciatus
                                                         Spot                               Leiostomus xanthurus
                                                         Southern kingfish                  Menticirrhus americanus
                                                         Gulf kingfish                      Menticirrhus littorafis
                                                         Atlantic croaker                   Micropogonias undulatus
                                                         Black drum                         Pogonias cromis
                                                         Red drum                           Sciaenops ocellatus
                                                         Star drum                          Stellifer lanceolatus



                      Mullidae - goaff ishes

                                                         Spotted goatfish                   Pseudupeneus maculatus


                      Ephippidae - spadefishes

                                                         Spadefish                          Chaetodipterus faber



                      Mugilidae - mullets

                                                         Striped mullet                     Mugil cephalus
                                                         White mullet                       Mugil curema


                      Sphyraenidae - barracudas

                                                         Gauchanche                         Sphyraena gouchancho







               26         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin











                         Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                         Family                              Common Name                        Scientific Name


                         Uranoscopidae - stargazers

                                                             Southern stargazer                 Astroscopus y-graecum



                         Blennildae - blennies


                                                             Striped blenny                     Chasmodes bosquianus
                                                             Crested blenny                     Hypleurochilus geminatus
                                                             Feather blenny                     Hypsoblennius hentzi
                                                             Freckeled blenny                   Hypsoblennius ionthus


                         Goblidae - gobles

                                                             Violet goby                        Gobioides broussoneti
                                                             Darter goby                        Gobionellus boleosoma
                                                             Sharptail goby                     Gobionellus hastatus
                                                             Freshwater goby                    Gobionellus shufeldti
                                                             Naked goby                         Gobiosoma bosci
                                                             Seaboard goby                      Gobiosoma ginsburgi
                                                             Green goby                         Microgobius thalassinus


                         Trichiuridae - cutlassfish


                                                             Atlantic cutlassfish               Thichiurus lepturus


                         Scombridae - mackerels


                                                             Spanish mackerel                   Scomberomorus maculatus



                         Stromateidae - butterfishes


                                                             Harvestf ish                       Peprilus alepidotus
                                                             Butter fish                        Peprilus triacanthus









                                                                                     Fish Species Occurrence - Saltwater             27












                      Table 3. Fish species occurring in saltwater portions of the Edisto River Basin (Cont.)



                      Family                            Common Name                        Scientific Name


                      Trigildae - sea robins


                                                        Northern searobin                  Prionotus carofinus
                                                        Striped searobin                   Prionotus evolans
                                                        Leopard searobin                   Prionotus scitulus
                                                        Bighead searobin                   Prionotus tribulus


                      Bothidae - lefteye flounders

                                                        Fourspot flounder                  Ancelopsetta quadrocellata
                                                        Bay whiff                          Citharichthys spilopterus
                                                        Fringed flounder                   Etropus crossotus
                                                        Summer flounder                    Parafichthys dentatus
                                                        Southern flounder                  Parafichthys lethostigma
                                                        Windowpane                         Scophthalmus aquosus



                      Soleidae - soles


                                                        Hogchoker                          Trinectes maculatus


                      Cynoglossidae - tonguefishes

                                                        Blackcheek tonguefish              Symphurus plagiusa


                      Ballstidae - leatherjackets

                                                        Planehead filefish                 Monacanthus hispidus


                      Tetraodontidae - puffers

                                                        Smooth puffer                      Lagocephalus laevigatus
                                                        Northern puffer                    Sphoeroides maculatus


                      Diodontidae - porcupinefishes

                                                        Striped bun-fish                   Chilomycterus schoepfi





              28         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                   Historical Fisheries Sampling Locations


                                 Edisto River Basin                             Estuary




                                                        Freshwater
                                                          Saltwater














                                                         A@












                                                                            Historical Sampling Locations      29

































































            30        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin









                                                              Freshwater



                            The South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department (presently SCDNR) biologists

                    conducted freshwater stream surveys throughout the State between 1974 and 1981. All streams 3

                    miles in length or longer were surveyed to determine species composition and water quality. Roten-

                    one was the most common means of sampling; some sites were also electrofished (Figures 3, 4, 5,

                    and 6).

                            Angler creel surveys were conducted from 1989 to 1991 by the SCDNR District V1 biologists.

                    Extensive roving creel surveys recorded angler numbers and hours, harvest, species targeted and

                    caught, economic data, and opinions. Surveys in 1989 and 1990 included the North Fork Edisto

                    River, South Fork Edisto River, and the main stem of the Edisto River. In 1991, only sections of the

                    main river were surveyed.

                            SCDNR biologists of District VI and the Eastover office used electrofishing and rotenone to

                    determine species composition,. biomass, age, and growth for the biological survey. This survey was

                    done from 1988 to 1990 on both forks and the main river.

                            A tag and return study to determine redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) mortality due to

                    angling was conducted in 1989 and 1992. In 1989, redbreast tagging was conducted on both forks

                    and the main river. In 1992, tagging was done only on a section of the main river.
                            In 1991, an aquatic macroinvertebrate rapid bioassessment was made on both forks and the
                    main river for the primary purpose of assessing the effects of the city of Orangeburg on the biota of
                    the Edisto. Family-level assessment was carried out by biologists of SCDNR District VI (Figure 7).




















                      C. S. Thomason, Personal Communication.


                                                                                   Historical Sampling Locations         31








                                                               STREAM SURVEYS
                                                   North Fork Edisto River Sub-Basin






















                                      0 Stream Survey Locations, 1974-1981
                                    - Major Streams









                                                                                   0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Miles






                                            Edisto River Basin Project                                                        Map produced by: Suzanne OBrien White
                                 South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                  for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                            Water Resources Division                                                              SCDNR/WRD/GlSJ MS-95-07-16
                                            Columbia, South Carolina





                        Figure 3. Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the North Fork Edisto River sub-basin


                  32              Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                                               STREAM SURVEYS
                                                                 South Fork Edisto River Sub-Basin





















                                              0        Stream Survey Locations, 1974-1981
                                            - Major Streams








                                                                                              0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Miles





                                                     Edisto River Basin Project                                                              Map produced by: Suzanne 08rien White
                                          South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                        for the Fisheries Habitat Committ
                                                     Water Resources Division                                                                     SCDNR/WRDfG[S/ MS-95-07-17"
                                                     Columbia, South Carolina





                                Figure 4. Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the South Fork Edisto River sub-basin
                                                                                                                                        IV





































                                                                                                                                   Historical Sampling Locations                                33








                                                              STREAM SURVEYS
                                                          Four Hole Swamp Sub-Basin





















                                       Stream Survey Locations, 1974-1981
                                        Major Streams





                                                                                     0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Miles






                                              Edisto River Basin Project                                                        Map produced by: Suzanne OBrien White
                                   South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                 for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                              Water R sources Division                                                              SCDNR/WRD/GlS/ MS-95-07-18
                                                     0'
                                              Columbia, South Carolina





                        Figure 5. Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the Four Hole Swamp sub-basin


                  34              Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                                     STREAM SURVEYS
                                                         Main Stem Edisto River Sub-Basin
























                                          Stream Survey Locations, 1974-1981
                                          Major Streams





                                                                                           0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Miles
                                                                                           FMI_E@@




                                                  Edisto River Basin Project                                                        Map produced by: Suzanne OBrien White
                                       South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                 for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                                  Water Resources Division                                                              SCDNRIWRD/GlSI MS-95-07-19
                                                  Columbia, South Carolina





                              Figure 6. Freshwater-fisheries stream-survey locations in the main stem Edisto River sub-basin


                                                                                                                          Historical Sampling Locations                           35








                                            EDISTO RIVER SURVEYS




                                                          0

                                               B                   E

                                                  RO, EF
                                                                          EF   T , C1, I
                                                      EF
                                                                                    RO, EF NV
                                                                 T1 C1 I                EF: INV
                                                                   EO, INV'
                                                                         RO, EF
                                                                               INV EF  RO, EF

                                                                                       RID, EF, INV


                                                                                           EF, INV

                                                                                                   RO
                                                                                                     C2, T2 EF
                                  T1 to TV  - Redbreast Tagging, 1989                                 EF, INV
                                  T2 to T2' - Redbreast Tagging, 1992
                                  C1 to Cl' - Creel Survey, 1989-1991
                                  C2 to C2' - Mini Creel Survey, 1991                                              T2'
                                  B to B'   - Fish Biological Survey, 1988-1990
                                  1 to I'   - Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Rapid Bioassessment, 1991                    2'
                                  EF - Electrofishing sample location                                            IN
                                  RO - Rotenone sample location                                                 TV, CV, B-, I-
                                  INV - Invertebrate sample location

                                  Edisto River Basin Boundary
                                  Edisto River









                                                                   0    5 10 15 20 25 30 Miles





                                     Edisto River Basin Project                                           Map produced by: Suzanne OBrlen White
                            South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                  for the Fisheries Hablitat Committee
                                     Water Resources Division                                                 SCDNRIWRDIGISI MS-9"7-20
                                     Columbia, Sout@ Carolina




                     Figure 7. Freshwater-fisheries river surveys in the Edisto River Basin


                36           Fishes of the Edisto River Basin










                                                                  Saltwater



                              Sampling in the Edisto River estuary has been done irregularly for the past 30 years. Biolo-

                     gists at the USFWS Bears Bluff Laboratory, on Wadmalaw Island, did survey trawling to obtain

                     information on fishes and macroinvertebrates found in the North Edisto River during the 1960's

                     (Bearden 1961).

                              The SCDNR conducted a statewide survey of estuaries from 1973 to 1977, most of it done in

                     the North Edisto River with a standard sampling trawl (116 ft. offer trawl). Wenner et al. (11991) com-

                     piled and analyzed these data as part of a synopsis of fishes and macroinverteb rates of the region.

                              Shad gill-net and trawling work was conducted in order to sample anadromous fishes by the

                     Office of Fisheries Management (SCDNR) from 1988 to 1995 in the Edisto estuarine system.

                              Larval fish collections were made by SCDNR / Marine Resources Research Institute in an

                     attempt to establish larval and juvenile habitats for recreationally sought estuarine species (Wenner et

                     al. 1990). Sampling was conducted monthly from June 1987 through August 1988.

                              Trammel nets were used from 1991 to 1994 to sample the shallow water of the Edisto estua-

                     rine system. The nets were used to capture many of the recreationally important species found in the
                     region (red drum [Sciaenops oceilatus], spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus], southern flounder

                     [Parafichthys lethostigma], sheepshead [Archosargus probatocephalus], and black drum [Pogonias

                     cromis]). Trammel net sets targeted other species, such as spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), mullet

                     (Mugil cephalus), silver perch (Bairdiella chrysura), and sea catfish (Arius tefis), which were co-

                     inhabitants of the shallow waters sampled. The main objective of the trammel net work was to

                     capture, tag, and release selected recreationally important species in effort to analyze fishing pres-

                     sure, age composition, and fish population status within the state estuaries (Wenner et al. 1990)(Fig-

                     ures 8 and 9).














                      W. A. Roumillat, Personal Communication.


                                                                                        Historical Sampling Locations           37








                                                              ESTUARY SURVEYS
                                                                         South Edisto River










                                                                               0























                                                                                                   0



                                            Trammel Net Samples
                                            Estuarine Survey Trawl Samples
                                            Larval Fish Assessment
                                 0          Stationary Shad Gill Net
                                 V          Drift Shad Gill Net
                                 0          Trawl Samples, American Shad
                                            Streams

                                                                                   0      1     2     3     4      5 Miles






                                             Edisto River Basin Project                                                         Map produced by: Suzanne OBrlen White
                                  South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                                  for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                             Water Resources Division                                                               SCDNR/WRD/GIS/ MS-96-07-21
                                             Columbia, South Carolina





                          Figure 8. Estuarine-fisheries sampling locations on the South Edisto River


                    38              Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                        ESTUARY SURVEYS
                                                                  North Edisto River















                                                                                             1L_J


                                                                    0

                                                                    A
                                                               b


                                                                                T2






                                                                                              A*





                                        Trammel Net Samples
                                        Estuarine Survey Trawl Samples
                                        North Edisto Larval Ingress Study
                            T1, T2      Bears Bluff Trawl Samples
                              0         Trawl Samples, American Shad
                                        Streams



                                                                       0    1    2     3    4    5 Miles





                                        Edisto River Basin Project                                         Map produced by: Suzanne OBrien White
                               South Carolina Department of Natural Resources                                for the Fisheries Habitat Committee
                                        Water R sources Division                                               SCDNRIWRDIGISI MS-95-07-22
                                              Z
                                        Columbia, South Carolina





                        Figure 9. Estuarine-fisheries sampling locations on the North Edisto River


                                                                                                   Historical Sampling Locations                  39









                                                                                                                   I



























































             40        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                   Bibliography


                                 Edisto River Basin                              Estuary




                                                         Freshwater
                                                          Saltwater









                                                                 qL
















                                                   AML- @i










                                                                          Bibliography  Edisto River Basin      41






































































             42        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                   Edisto River Basin / Estuary
                                                                Freshwater

                    ACE River Basin Study - South Carolina Water and Land Resources. 1977. U.S. Department of
                             Agriculture Economic Research Service, Forest Service, and Soil Conservation Service, S.C.
                             Water Resources Commission. 211 pp.

                    Allen, D. E. 1981. Stream Survey Data - Freshwater Fisheries District V1. Unpublished report, S.C.
                             Wildlife and Marine Resources Department.

                    Allen, D. E. 1981. The effects of industrial pollution on fish populations of the Edisto River.
                             Unpublished report, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 16 pp.

                    Allen, D. E. and C. S. Thomason. 1989. Fisheries investigations in lakes and streams, District V1.
                             Annual Progress Report, Federal Aid Project F-32-2, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                             Department. 49 pp.

                    Allen, D. E. and C. S. Thomason. 1990. Fisheries investigations in lakes and streams, District V1.
                             Annual Progress Report, Federal Aid Project F-32-3, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                             Department. 63 pp.

                    Allen, D. E. and C. S. Thomason. 1991. Fisheries investigations in lakes and streams, District VI.
                             Annual Progress Report, Federal Aid Project F-32-4, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                             Department. 96 pp.

                    Allen, D. E. and C. S. Thomason. 1992. Fisheries investigations in lakes and streams, District VI.
                             Annual Progress Report, Federal Aid Project F-32-5, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                             Department. 77 pp.

                    Bayless, J. D. 1968. Survey and classification of the Edisto River and tributaries, South Carolina.
                             Job Compliance Report F-1-R-15, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 40 pp.

                    Calder, D. R., B. B. Boothe, Jr., and M. S. Maclin. 1977. A preliminary report on estuarine
                             macrobenthos of the Edisto and Santee River Systems, South Carolina, USA. S.C. Marine
                             Resources Center Technical Report 22. 50 pp.

                    Logan, H. J. 1990. Freshwater fishing study. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department,
                             Divisionof Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries. 62 pp.

                    McCord, C. 1977. Study of aquatic organism populations at SCE&G power station, Candys, South
                             Carolina. Evinright and Associates.

                    Marshall, W. D., editor. 1993. Assessing change in the Edisto River Basin, an ecological
                             characterization. South Carolina Water Resources Commission. Report. No. 177. 149 pp.

                    South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. 1975. Edisto-Combahee River
                             Basin Water Quality Management Plan. 128 pp.

                    Thomason, C. S., D. E. Allen, and J. S. Crane. 1993. A fisheries study of the Edisto River. Projects
                             F-30 and F-32, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 84 pp.

                    Williams, H. M. 1975. Aiken county data in stream survey data - Freshwater Fisheries District V1.
                             S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department.


                                                                                  Bibliography/ Edisto River Basin          43








                                                Edisto River Basin / Estuary
                                                              Saltwater


                  Ashepoo-Combahee- Edisto (ACE) Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve in South Carolina,
                          Final impact statement and draft management plan. 1991. NOAA, S.C. Wildlife and Marine
                          Resources Department, S.C. Coastal Council. 114 pp.

                  Ashepoo-Combahee- Edisto (ACE) Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve in South Carolina,
                          Management plan. 1992. NOAA, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, S.C.
                          Coastal Council. 18 pp.

                  Bearden, C. M. 1961. Common marine fishes of South Carolina. Contrib. Bears Bluff Laboratories
                          No. 34, 47 p.

                  Bearden, C. M. 1963. A contribution to the Biology of the king whitings, genus Menficirrhus, of South
                          Carolina. Bears Bluff Laboratories No. 38: 1-27.


                  Bearden, C. M. 1964. Distribution and abundance of Atlantic Croaker, Micropogon Undulatus, in
                          South Carolina. Bears Bluff Laboratories No. 40, 3-23.

                  Dawson, C. E. 1958. A study of the Biology and life history of the spot, Leiostomus xanthurus
                          Lacepede, with special reference to South Carolina. Bears Bluff Laboratories No. 28: 1-48.

                  Lunz, G. R. 1951. A salt water fish pond. Contrib. Bears Bluff Laboratories 12: 1-12.

                  Lunz, G. R. and F. J. Schwartz. 1969. Analysis of eighteen year trawl captures of seatrout (Cynoscion
                          sp.: Sciaenidae) from South Carolina. Contrib. Bears Bluff Laboratories No. 53, 29 p.

                  Rulifson, R. A. 1982. Status of anadromous fishes in the southeastern U.S. estuaries. In: Estuarine
                          Comparisons: Proceedings of the sixth biennial international estuarine research conference,
                          Gleneden Beach, Oregon, November 1-6, 1981. Academic Press Inc. New York.

                  Shealy, M. H., Jr. 1975. Midwater trawl data from South Carolina estuary survey cruises: North
                          Edisto, South Edisto, and Cooper Rivers, 1973 - 1974. Data Report Number 2. Marine
                          Resources Research Institute, S.C.

                  Ulrich, G., N. Chipley, J. W. McCord, and D. Cupka. Undated < 1978. Development of fishery
                          management plans for selected anadromous fishes in South Carolina and Georgia. Special
                          scientific report number 14. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department and
                          contribution number 31 of the Coastal Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural
                          Resources.


                  Wade, W. C. 1971. Commercial anadromous fishery, Edisto River, South Carolina. Annual Progress
                          Report, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 79 pp.

                  Wade, W. C. 1972. Commercial anadromous fishery, Edisto River, South Carolina. Annual Progress
                          Report, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 49 pp.

                  Walburg, C. H. 1956. Commercial and sport shad fisheries of the Edisto River, South Carolina.
                          Special Scientific Report - Fisheries No. 187. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 9 pp.






               44       Fishes of the Edisto River Basin










                    Wenner, E. L., W. P. Coon, III, P. A. Sandifer, and M. H. Shealy, Jr. 1991. A comparison of species
                            composition and abundance of decapod crustaceans and fishes from the North and South
                            Edisto Rivers in South Carolina. Technical Report No. 78. S.C. Wildlife and Marine
                            Resources Department. 48 pp.

                    White, M. G., Ill. 1969. Anadromous fishes survey of the Edisto and Coosawhatchie Rivers of South
                            Carolina. Annual Progress Report, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 94 pp .
















































                                                                               Bibliography   Edisto River Basin      45

































































            46        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                  Bibliography


                                       Adjacent River Basins





                                                        Freshwater
                                                         Saltwater

























                                                                       Bibliography  Adjacent River Basins   47































































            48        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                       Adjacent River Basins
                                                       Freshwater / Saltwater


                    Bennett, D. H. and R. W. McFarlane. 1983. The fishes of the Savannah River Plant: National
                            Environmental Research Park, SRP-NERP-12, Aiken, South Carolina.

                    Curtis, T A. 1970. Anadromous fish survey of the Combahee River Watershed. Project AFS-2-4.
                            S.C. Wildlife Resources Department. 129 pp.

                    Davis, K. B. and R. F. Van Dolah. 1986. A survey of existing information on the physical, chemical,
                            and biological conditions in the vicinity of the Port Royal Ocean dredged material disposal
                            site. Marine Resources Research Institute, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department.
                            Final report submitted to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Charleston, SC District. 123 pp.

                    DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 1984. Final Environmental Impact Statement: L-Reactor
                            Operation, Savannah River Plant, Aiken, South Carolina, DOE/EIS-01 08, U.S. Department of
                            Energy, Savannah River Operations Office, Aiken, South Carolina.

                    DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 1987. Impingement and entrainment at the river water intakes of
                            the Savannah River Plant, submitted to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as special
                            condition B of Section 404 Permit #84-2Z-088 for the L-Lake Embankment, Savannah River
                            Operations Office, Aiken, South Carolina.

                    Dudley, R. G., A. W. Mullis, and J. W. Ferrell, 1977. Movements of adult striped bass (Morone
                            saxatifis) in the Savannah River, Georgia, Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. Vol. 106 (f). Pages 314-322.

                    ECS (Environmental and Chemical Sciences, Inc.). 1983c. Interim Report on the adult fisheries study
                            in the Savannah River October 1982 and January 1983, Volume 2, DPST-83-737, draft
                            prepared for E. 1. duPont de Nemours and Company, Savannah River Plant, Aiken, South
                            Carolina.


                    Georgia Power Company. 1974. Final environmental statement related to the proposed Alvin W.
                            Vogtle nuclear plant units 1, 2, 3, 4.

                    Hall, J. W., T. 1. J. Smith, and S. Lamprecht. 1991. Movements and habitats of shortnose sturgeon,
                            Acipenser brevirostrum, in the Savannah River. Copeia 3: 695-702.

                    Knott, D. M. and R. M. Martore. 1991. The short-term effects of Hurricane Hugo on fishes and
                            decapod crustaceans in the Ashley River and adjacent marsh creeks, South Carolina. J.
                            Coast. Res. (special issue) 8: 335-356.

                    Matthews, R. A. and C. Muska. 1983. Shortnose and Atlantic sturgeon in the Savannah River,
                            DPST-83-753, E. 1. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken,
                            South Carolina.


                    McFarlane, R. W., 1982. The occurrence of American shad eggs in the 1 G cooling water canal,
                            DPST-82-969, E. 1. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken,
                            South Carolina.


                    Paller, M. H. 1984. Summary of the ichthyoplankton sampling data from the creeks and swamps of
                            the Savannah River Plant, interim report, ECS-SR-10, prepared by Environmental and
                            Chemical Sciences, Inc., for E. 1. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Savannah River
                            Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina.


                                                                              Bibliography /Adjacent River Basins         49










                 Paller, M. H. and B. M. Saul. 1986. Effects of thermal discharges on the distribution and abundance
                         of adult fishes in the Savannah River and selected tributaries, annual report, November 1984
                         - August 1985, prepared by Environmental and Chemical Sciences, Inc. for E. 1. du Pont de
                         Nemours and Company, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina.

                 Paller, M. H., B. M. Saul, and D. V. Osteen. 1986. Distribution and abundance of ichthyoplankton in
                         the mid-reaches of the Savannah River and selected tributaries, prepared by Environmental
                         and Chemical Sciences, Inc. for E. 1. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Savannah River
                         Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina.

                 Shealy, M. H., Jr., B. B. Boothe, Jr., and C. M. Bearden. 1975. A survey of the macrofauna of Fripp
                         Inlet and Hunting Island, South Carolina, prior to beach nourishment. Tech. Report No. 7.
                         S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 30 pp.












































             50         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin








                                                  Bibliography



                                  Selected Related Fisheries
                               References in South Carolina




                                                        Freshwater
                                                         Saltwater







                                                           Ida


















                                                                Bibliography/ Selected Related References    51


































































            52        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin                                                           m









                             Selected Related Fisheries References in South Carolina
                                                               Freshwater


                    Anderson, W. D., JL, 1964. Fishes of some South Carolina coastal plain streams. Quart.. J. Fl. Acad.
                            Sci. 27(l): 53 pp.

                    Beasley, B. R. 1988. South Carolina rivers assessment. Report No. 164. S.C. Water Resources
                            Commission. 249 pp.

                    Bulak, J. S. 1991 Distribution of fishes in South Carolina. Study Completion Report WC-8, S.C.
                            Wildlife and Marine Resources Department.

                    Coomer, C. E., Jr., D. R. Holder and C. D. Swanson. 1977. A comparison of the diets of redbreast
                            sunfish and spotted sucker in a coastal plain stream. Proc. 3rd Ann. Conf., South. Assoc.
                            Fish Wild. Agen. 31: 587-596

                    Crochet, D. W. and C. W. Sample. 1991. Fisheries investigations in lakes and streams, District VII.
                            Annual Progress Report, Federal Aid Project F-31-4, Study 1, Job 1, S.C. Wildlife and Marine
                            Resources Department. Pages 4-12.

                    Crochet, D. W. and C. W. Sample. 1992. Fisheries investigations in lakes and streams, District VII.
                            Annual Progress Report, Federal Aid Project F-31-5, Study 1, Job 1, S.C. Wildlife and Marine
                            Resources Department. Pages 4-13.

                    Davis, J. R. 1971. The spawning behavior, fecundity rates, and food habits of the redbreast sunfish in
                            southeastern North Carolina. Proc. 25th Ann. Conf., South. Assoc. Game and Fish Commis.
                            25: 556-560.


                    Heidt, A. R. and R. J. Gilbert, 1978. The Shortnose Sturgeon in the Altamaha River Drainage, In:
                            Proceedings of the rare and endangered wildlife symposium. R. R. Odum and 1. Landers
                            (editors), Technical Bulletin WL4, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish
                            Division. Pages 54-60.

                    Koli, A. K. 1977. Mercury levels in freshwater fish of the State of South Carolina. Bul. Env. Contam.
                            Tox. 17:82.


                    Koli, A. K. 1977. The quality of food-fish consumed by the rural people of South Carolina. South
                            Carolina State College. 29 pp.

                    Leland, J. G., 11. 1968. A survey of the sturgeon fishery of South Carolina. Project AFC-1, Bears
                            Bluff Laboratories, Wadmalaw Island, SC. 27 pp.

                    Marchette, D. E. and R. Smiley. 1982. Biology and life history of incidentally captured shortnose
                            sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum, in South Carolina. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine
                            Resources Research Institute, Charleston, South Carolina.

                    Meffe, G. K. and A. L. Sheldon. 1990. Post-defau nation recovery of fish assemblages in southeastern
                            blackwater streams. Ecology 71: 657-667.

                    Reimold, R. J. and M. H. Shealy, Jr. 1976. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and mercury in
                            coastal young-of-the-year finfish, South Carolina and Georgia - 1972-1974. Pestic. Mon. J.
                            9: 170-175.




                                                                        Bibliography /Selected Related References          53










                  Rohde, F. C. and R. G. Arndt. 1987. Two new species of pygmy sunfishes Elassomatidae elassoma
                          from the Carolinas, USA. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 139(l): 65-86.

                  Rountree, R. A. 1990. Community structure of fishes attracted to shallow water fish aggregation
                          devices of South Carolina, USA. Environmental Biology of Fishes 29: 241-262.

                  Sanclhu, S. S. 1977. Study on the post-mortem identification of pollutants in the fish killed by water
                          pollution: detection of arsenic. South Carolina State College. 373 pp.

                  Smith, T 1. J., E. K. Dingley, R. D. Lindsay, S. B. Van Sant, R. A. Smiley, and A. D. Stokes. 1985.
                          Spawning and culture of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenserbrevirostrum. J. World Maric. Soc.
                          16:104-113.


                  Smith, T. 1. J., E. K. Dingley, and D. E. Marchette. 1980. Induced spawning and culture of Atlantic
                          sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus. Progressive Fish Culturist, Marine Resources research
                          Institute, S. C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. Pages 147-151.

                  Smith, T. 1. J., D. E. Marchette, and G. F. Ulrich. 1984. The Atlantic sturgeon fishery in South
                          Carolina. N. Am. J. Fish. Mgt. 4: 164-176.

                  Snelson, F. F., Jr., 1989. Distribution and status of the bluebarred pygmy sunfish, Elassoma okatie, in
                          South Carolina. A report to Heritage Trust Program, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                          Department. 11 pp.

                  South Carolina State Water Assessment. 1983. Report No. 140, S.C. Water Resources Commission.
                          367 pp.

                  Water Resources Development by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in South Carolina. 1989. U.S.
                          Army Corps of Engineers. 85 pp.




























              54        Fishes of the Edisto River Basin









                             Selected Related Fisheries References in South Carolina
                                                                 Saltwater

                    Bell, M., C. J. Moore, and S. W. Murphy. 1989. Utilization of manufactured reef structures in South
                            Carolina's marine artificial reef program. Bul. Mar. Sci. 44(2): 818-830.

                    Bozeman, E. L. and M. J. Van Den Avyle. 1989. Species profile: life histories and environmental
                            requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Atlantic) - alewife and blueback
                            herring. School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 26 pp.

                    Collins, M. R. and G. R. Sedberry. 1991. Status of vermillion snapper and red porgy stocks of South
                            Carolina. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120: 116-120.


                    Collins, M. R. and C. A. Wenner. 1988. Occurrence of young-of-the-year king (Scomberomorus
                            cavella) and Spanish (S. maculatus) mackerels in commercial type shrimp trawls along the
                            Atlantic coast of the Southeast United States. Fish. Bul. 86(2): 394-397

                    Crabtree, R. E. 1978. A comparison of two South Carolina tide pool fish communities in relation to
                            temperature and tidal elevation. Masters Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
                            82 pp.

                    Crabtree, R. E. and J. M. Dean. 1982. The structure of two South Carolina estuarine tide pool fish
                            assemblages. Estuaries 5(l):2-9.

                    Crabtree, R. E. and D. P. Middaugh. Oyster shell size and the selection of spawning sites by
                            Chasmodes bosquainus, Hypleurochilus geminatus, Hypsoblennius ionthas (Pisces
                            Blenniidae) and Bobiosoma bosci (Pisces Gobiidae) in two South Carolina estuaries, USA.
                            Estuaries 5(2):150-155.

                    Cupka, D. M. 1972. A survey of the ichthyofauna of the surf zone in South Carolina. Tech. Report
                            No. 4. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 19 pp.

                    Cupka, D. M. and R. K. Dias. 1972. New records for marine fishes in South Carolina waters.
                            Q. J. Fl. Acad. Sci. 35: 158-160.


                    Hales, L., Jr., 1987. Distribution, abundance, reproduction, food habits, age, and growth of round
                            scad, Decapterus punctatus, in the South Atlantic bight. Fish. Bul. 85(2): 251-268.

                    Hammond, D. L. and D. M. Cupka. 1977. An economic and biological evaluation of the South
                            Carolina pier fishery. Tech. Report No. 20. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department.
                            14 pp.

                    Hayse, J. W. Feeding habits, age, growth, and reproduction of Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus
                            faberin South Carolina. Fish. Bul. 88: 67-83.


                    Hosterman, S., H.-Powles, and B. Stender. 1975. Abundance and distribution of larval spot
                            (Leiostomus xanthurus) in South Carolina estuaries and on the southeastern continental
                            shelf of the United States in 1973. Bul. S.C. Acad. of Sci. 37:84.


                    Low, R. A. 1989. South Carolina marine fisheries, 1987-1988. Data Report No. 6. S.C. Wildlife and
                            Marine Resources Department. 50 pp.




                                                                        Bibliography/ Selected Related References          55










                 Low, R. A. 1991. South Carolina marine fisheries, 1989. Data Report No. 7. S.C. Wildlife and Marine
                         Resources Department. 45 pp.

                 Low, R. A. 1992. South Carolina marine fisheries, 1990. Data Report No. 8. S.C. Wildlife and Marine
                         Resources Department. 50 pp.

                 Low, R. A., D. L. Theiling, and E. B. Joseph. 1987. South Carolina marine fisheries, 1977-1986.
                         Tech. Report No. 67. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 78 pp.

                 Low, R. A., G. F. Ulrich, C. A. Barans, and D. A. Oakley. 1985. Analysis of catch-per-unit-of-effort
                         and length composition in the South Carolina commercial handline fishery during 1976-1982.
                         N. Am. J. Fish. Mgt. 5:340-363.

                 Low, R. A. and C. W. Waltz. 1988. South Carolina marine recreational fishery statistics survey, 1987.
                         Tech. Report No. 68. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 58 pp.

                 Low, R. A., C. W. Waltz, R. Martore, and C. J. Moore. 1986. South Carolina marine recreational
                         fishery surveys, 1985 & 1986. Tech. Report No. 65. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                         Department. 65 pp.

                 Low, R. A., C. W. Waltz, and D. B. Stone, Ill. 1992. South Carolina marine recreational fishery
                         surveys, 1989. Data Report No. 11. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 45 pp.

                 Low, R. A., C. W. Waltz, and D. B. Stone, Ill. 1992. South Carolina marine recreational fishery
                         surveys, 1990. Data Report No. 10. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 51 pp.

                 McMillan, C., M. H. Shealy, JL, and J. V. Miglarese. 1975. Occurrence of Atlantic croaker
                         (Micropogon undulatus) in relation to bottom salinity and temperature in South Carolina
                         estuaries. Bul. S.C. Acad. Sci. 37:84.


                 Middaugh, D. P. 1981. Reproductive ecology and spawning periodicity of the Atlantic silverside
                         (Menidia menidia). Copeia 1981(4):766-776

                 Middaugh, D. P., R. G. Domey, and G. 1. Scott. 1984. Reproductive rythmicity of the Atlantic
                         silverside In: Rhthmicity in Fishes. American Fishery Society. Pages 472-478.

                 Middaugh, D. P., G. 1. Scott, and J. M. Dean. 1981. Reproductive behavior of the Atlantic silverside
                         (Menidia menidia). Environmental Biology of Fishes. Pages 269-276.

                 Miglarese, J. V., C. W. McMillan, and M. H. Shealy, Jr. 1982. Seasonal abundance of Atlantic croaker
                         (Micropogon undulatus) in relation to bottom salinity and temperature in South Carolina
                         estuaries. Estuaries 5: 216-223.


                 Miglarese, J. V. and P. A. Sandifer, editors. 1982. An ecological characterization of South Carolina
                         wetland impoundments. Tech. Report No. 51. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                         Department. 132 pp.
                                         I

                 Moore, C. J. 1980. South Carolina's non-commercial gill net fishery. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
                         109:577-580.


                 Pacheo, A. L. Workshop on egg, larval, and juvenile stages of fish in Atlantic coast estuaries. 1973.
                         National Marine Fisheries Service. 338 pp.





             56         Fishes of the Edisto River Basin









                     Parker, R. 0., Jr., 1990. Tagging studies and diver observations of fish populations on live-bottom
                             reefs on the U.S. southeastern coast. Bul. Mar. Sci. 47(3): 749-760.

                     Shealy, M. H., Jr. 1974. Bottom trawl data from South Carolina estuary survey cruises, 1973. Marine
                             Resources Research Institute, Data Report No. 1. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                             Department. 113 pp.

                     Shealy, M. H., Jr., J. V. Miglarese, and E. B. Joseph. 1974. Bottom fishes of South Carolina estuaries
                             - relative abundance, seasonal distribution, and length-frequency relationships. Tech. Report
                             No. 6. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 189 pp.

                     Stamey, B. B., M. H. Shealy, Jr., and C. R. Richter. 1975. Length-weight relationship for star drum,
                             Stelfifer lanceolatus, in South Carolina estuaries. Bul. S.C. Acad. Sci. 37:85.

                     Tiner, R. W., JR. 1977. An inventory of South Carolina's coastal marshes. Tech. Report No. 23. S.C.
                             Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 33 pp.

                     Ulrich, G. F., R. J. Jones, and K. J. Roberts. 1977. A status report on the commercial snapper-
                             grouper fisheries off South Carolina. Proc. Gulf Carrib. Fish. Insti. 29: 102-125.

                     Waltz, W., W. A. Rournillat, and P. K. Ashe. 1979. Distribution, age structure, and sex composition of
                             the black sea bass, Centropristis striata, sampled along the southeastern coast of the United
                             States. Tech. Report No. 43. S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department. 18 pp.

                     Wenner, C. A., W. A. Rournillat, J. E. Moran, M. B. Maddox, L. B. Daniel III, and J. W. Smith. 1990.
                             Investigations on the life history and population dynamics of marine recreational fishes in
                             South Carolina: Part 1. Fed. Aid Fish Reston, F-37, S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources
                             Department. 177 p.

                     Wenner, C. A., W. A. Rournillat, and C. W. Waltz. 1986. Life history of black sea bass, Centropristis
                             striata, off the southeastern United States. Fish. Bul. 84(3): 723-741.

                     Wenner, C. A. and G. R. Sedberry. 1989. Species composition, distribution, and relative abundance
                             of fishes in the coastal habitat off the southeastern United States. NOAA Technical Report
                             NMFS 79. 51 pp.

                     Wenner, E. L., W. P. Coon III, M. H. Shealy, Jr., and P. A. Sandifer. 1981. Species assemblages,
                             distribution, and abundance of fishes and decapod crustaceans from the Winyah Bay
                             estuarine system, South Carolina. S.C. Sea Grant Technical Report 3. Charleston, SC, S.C.
                             Sea Grant Consortium, 1981.

                     Wenner, E. L., M. H. Shealy, Jr., and P. A. Sandifer. 1982. A profile of the fish and decapod
                             crustacean community of a South Carolina estuarine system prior to flow alteration. NOAA
                             Technical Report NMFS SSRF 757.

                     White, M. G., Ill. 1970. Anadromous fishes survey 111. Anadromous Fisheries Act, Project AFS-2-2.
                             S.C. Wildlife Resources Department. 93 pp.









                                                                         Bibliography/ Selected Related References           57
























































                                       Fishes of the Edisto River Basin


                                        Total copies:               1425
                                        Total cost:             $2500.00
                                        Cost per copy:             $1.75
                                        Date:                       4-95


                                    S.C. Department of Natural Resources
                                          Water Resources Division




























































































                          V@ CAR
                                      The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources prohibits discrimination on
                                      the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, disability, religion, or age. Direct all
                                      inquiries to the Office of Human Resources, P.O. Box 167, Columbia, S.C. 29202.
                         OF @3











                                                         3 6668 00004 8688