/Christopher D. Williams ... [et al.]. Williams, Christopher D. United States.National Ocean Service. Estuarine Living Marine Resources Project (U.S.) Rockville, Md.:U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service,[1990] Estuarine animals Florida. Fishes Florida. Estuarine fisheries Florida. Estuarine animals Alabama. Fishes Alabama. Estuarine fisheries Alabama. PB91- 170001 Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries June 1990 U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service REPRODUCED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE QL139 NATIONAL TECHNICAL .E4 INFORMATION SERVICE no.6 SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 SRNGFELVA226 In June 1985, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) began a project to develop a com- prehensive information base on the life history, relative abundance and distribution of fishes and invertebrates in estuaries throughout the Nation (Monaco 1986). This project, the Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR) project, is conducted jointly by the Strategic Assessment Branch (SAB) of the Office of Oceanography & Marine Assessment and laboratories of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Currently, the Pt. Adams (Ham- mond), OR; Galveston, TX; Beaufort, NC; and Oxford, MD laboratories are compiling information for the ' contiguous West Coast, Gulf of Mexico, Southeast, and Northeast regions. To date, the project has compiled data for 115 species found in 73 estuaries. Four reports have been published: State of Washington (Monaco and Emmett 1988); State of Texas (Monaco et al. 1989); West Coast Volume I: Data Summaries (Monaco et al. 1990); and this volume. Also scheduled for publication in 1990 are the Central Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi Sound, MS through Calcasieu Lake, LA); the Southeast (Albemarle Sound, NC, through Biscayne Bay, FL) and the West Coast Volume 1: Life History Profiles. Three salinity zones as defined in Volume 1 of NOAA's National Estuarine Inventory Data Atlas (NOAA 1985) provided the spatial framework for organizing information on species distribution and abundance within each estuary. These salinity zones are tidal fresh (0.0 to 0.5 ppt), mixing (0.5 to 25.0 ppt), and seawater(25.0 and greater ppt). The primary data developed for each species for each salinity zone include spatial and temporal distribution and relative abundance by life stage, e. g., adult, spawning or mating, juvenile, larva, and egg. In addition, a detailed estuarine life history profile is developed for each species. Additional information on this or other projects of the Strategic Assessment Branch is available from: Strategic Assessment Branch Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6001 Executive Blvd., Rm. 220 Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301) 443-0453 Reports available from NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Resources project include: Monaco, M. E., et al. 1989. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Texas Estuaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 3. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 107 p. $ Monaco, M. E., et al. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in West Coast Estuaries, Volume I: Data Summaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 4. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 240 p. Bulger, A. J., et al. 1990. A Proposed Estuarine Classification: Analysis of Species Salinity Ranges. ELMR Rpt. No. 5. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 28 p. Williams, C. D., et al. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastem Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 6. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 105 p. BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PB91-170001 Report Nos: ELMR-6 Title: Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. Date: Jun 90 Authors: C. D. Williams, D. M. Nelson, M. E. Monaco, S. L. Stone, and C. Iancu. Performing Organization: Estuarine Living Marine Resources Project, Rockville, MD. NTIS Field/Group Codes: 47D Price: PC A06/MF A01 Availability: Available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. 22161 Number of Pages: 112p Keywords: *Marine fishes, *Invertebrates, *Estuaries, Spatial distribution, Abundance, Species diversity, Seasonal variations, Tables(Data), *Eastern Region(Gulf of Mexico), *Estuarine Living Marine Resource Project. Abstract: The report presents information on the spatial and temporal distribution, relative abundance, and life history characteristics of 36 fish and invertebrate species in 13 estuaries along the Eastern Gulf of Mexico coast. Its purpose is to disseminate data developed in NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR) project. ELMR is a joint study between NOAA's National Ocean Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. The study framework, sample data sheets, and species life history profiles presented are illustrative of the nationwide ELMR project. LIBRARy NOAA/CC.RH 1990 HOBSON AVE. CHAS SC 29408-2628 PB91-170001 Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Project Team Christopher D. Williams, David M. Nelson, Mark E. Monaco, Steven L. Stone, and Carol lancu Strategic Assessment Branch Ocean Assessments Division Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment National Ocean Service Rockville, MD 20852 Linda Coston-Clements, Lawrence R. Settle, and Elizabeth A. Irlandi National Marine Fisheries Service Beaufort Laboratory Beaufort, NC 28516 ELMR Report Number 6 June 1990 7 MNT Of; r ' Contact for copies of this report. Acknowledgements We thank those individuals that provided information and reviewed the data in this report. Without their efforts a study of this magnitude and complexity would not be possible. In addition, we thank the many other scientists and managers who provided contacts and references. Illustrations were obtained from the following sources: blue crab, Perry et al. 1984; gulf menhaden, spotted seatrout, and tarpon, Shipp 1988. This report should be cited as: Williams, C. D., D. M. Nelson, L. C. Clements, M. E. Monaco, S. L. Stone, L. R. Settle, C. lancu, and E. A Irlandi. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 6. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 105 p. ,/? Introduction.............................................................. Why Conduct ELMIR?.....................................................1 Data Collection and Organization...........................................2 Selection of Estuaries ..................................................2 Selection of Species ...................................................3 Species Profiles.......................................................3 Data Sheets..........................................................4 Data Verification.......................................................4 Results of Study.........................................................5 Data Summaries ......................................................5 Seasonal Comparisons ................................................. 11 Biogeography.........................................................1 2 Data Content and Quality.................................................. 12 Variability in Space and Time.............................................1 2 Abundance Data.......................................................13 Life History Notes ......................................................13 Use of ELMR Data........................................................14 Classifying and Comparing Estuaries.......................................14 Linkages to Marine Ecosystems ..........................................1 5 Concluding Comments....................................................15 Literature Cited.......................................................... 15 Data Summary Tables .................................................... 17 Spatial distribution and relative abundance .................................18 Temporal distribution ..................................................31 Data reliability........................................................56 Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries.............69 Appendices .............................................................76 Appendix 1. Gulf of Mexico ELMR species list................................77 Appendix 2. ELMR Gulf of Mexico estuaries .................................78 Appendix 3. National Estuarine Inventory Map of Mobile Bay ....................79 Appendix 4. Species profile and sample data sheet: blue crab ...................80 Appendix 5. Table of references and personal communications ..................86 Appendix 6. Personal communications .....................................90 Appendix 7. References.................................................92 Figure 1: ELMR regions .........................................................................1...................................................... Figure 2: Major steps to complete the Eastern Gulf of Mexico study ...........................................................2 Figure 3: ELMR Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries .......................................................................................3 Figure 4: Example of a species/estuary data sheet: sand seatrout in Mobile Bay ....................................... 5 Figure 5: Numbers of species by season and estuary ......................................................................... 6-9 Figure 6: Mean numbers of species by month ......................................................................... 10 Figure 7: Mean number of species as larvae (averaged across estuaries), by month and salinity zone .... 11 Table 1: ELMR species list for the Eastern Gulf of Mexico .........................................................................4 Table 2: Spatial distribution and relative abundance ......................................................................... 18 Table 3: Temporal distribution ..........................................................................31 Table 4: Data reliability ............................................................................................................................... 56 Table 5: Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries .........................................69 This report presents information on the spatial and Estuaries are among the most productive natural temporal distribution, relative abundance, and life systems (Odum and Heald 1975, Mann 1982). The history characteristics of 36 fish and invertebrate physical, chemical, and biological components of species in 13 estuaries along the Eastern Gulf of estuaries are critical to many living resources (Gun- Mexico coast. Its purpose is to disseminate data ter 1967, Weinstein 1979). They are important nurs- developed in NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Re- ery areas that provide food, refuge from predation, sources (ELMR) project (inside front cover). ELMR andvaluablehabitatformanyspecies(Joseph 1973). is a joint study between NOAA's National Ocean Estuarine organisms that support important com- Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. mercial and recreational fisheries include sciaenids, The study framework, sample data sheets, and crabs and shrimp. In spite of the well-documented species life history profiles presented are illustrative importance of these areas to fish and invertebrate of the nationwide ELMR project. populations, fewconsistent and comprehensive data sets exist that allow examination of the relationships The objective of ELMR is to develop a consistent of many estuarine species found in oramonggroups data base on the distribution and abundance of of estuaries. Most information on the distribution and selected fishes and invertebrates in the Nation's abundance of estuarine-dependent species is for estuaries. The nationwide data base is divided into their offshore life stages where major sampling pro- four regions (Figure 1). The relative abundance and grams have focused, and does not describe estuar- monthly occurrence of life stages are recorded by ine distributions adequately (Darnell et al. 1983, estuary for three salinity zones (seawater zone, NOAA 1988). mixing zone, andtidalfresh zone) identified in NOAA's National Estuarine Inventory (NEI) Data Atlas - Vol- Only a few comprehensive sampling programs, e.g. ume I (NOAA 1985). When completed, the data base Texas (McEachron and Green 1984, Hammerschmidt will contain information for approximately 150 fish and McEachron 1986) collect organisms with identi- and invertebrate species found in over 120 U. S. cal methods across groups of estuaries within a estuaries. region. Because of the variability in sampling strate- Figure 1. ELMR regions. Pt. Adams, OR Lab West Coast A I LNortheast (32) (34) Oxford, MD Lab Beaufort, NC Lab Galveston, S | t g;Ei : Southeast \ TXLabs Ad :] EEL t ^;:: t0\ (20) Numbers in parentheses are the numbers Gulf of Mexico of ELMR estuaries in each region. (31) gies, much of the existing estuarine fisheries data - cannot be compared among estuaries. In addition, existing programs do not focus on how groups of Figure 2 shows the major steps taken to collect and estuaries may be important for regional manage- organize information on the distribution and abun- ment of fishery resources. Most existing estuarine dance of fishes and invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of data are for a relatively few important commercial Mexico estuaries. and recreational species. Selection of estuaries. Estuaries in the Eastern Since life stages of many species use both estuarine Gulf of Mexico were selected from the National and marine habitats, it is necessary to combine Estuarine Inventory Data Atlas - Volume I (NOAA information on distribution, temporal utilization, and 1985). Although it is not included in the NEI Data life history strategies to understand the linkages of Atlas, Florida Bay was included in the ELMR project estuaries to nearshore/offshore areas. To date, a because of its biological importance. The 13 estuar- national, comprehensive, and consistent data base ies chosen for the ELMR Eastern Gulf of Mexico of this type does not exist. Consequently, there is a Study are listed in Figure 3. need to develop a framework that integrates the fragments of information on marine and estuarine Data on the spatial and temporal distributions of species and their associated habitats into a useful, specieswere developed andorganized basedon the comprehensive, and consistent structure. NOAA's tidal fresh [0.0 to 0.5 parts perthousand (ppt)j, mixing ELMR projectwas designed to helpfulfillthis need by (0.5 to 25.0 ppt), and seawater (25.0 ppt and greater) developing a uniform, nationwide data base on as zones delineated for each estuary in the NEI. Each many estuarine species as possible. Results will salinity zone is present in all 13 estuaries, except the complement other NOAA efforts to develop a na- seawater zone is absent from the Caloosahatchee tional estuarine assessment capability (NOAA 1985) River. A representative map and data table (Mobile and oceanic fishery sampling programs (e. g. Sher- Bay) from the NEI Data Atlas is shown in Appendix man and Alexander 1985). Compiling this informa- 3. tion also helps to identify data gaps and allows an assessment of the content and quality of existing information. Figure 2. Major steps to complete the Eastern Gulf of Mexico study. Outputs Spatial Distribution National Temporal Inventory 71 1 InforEsation Distribution Prepare D Peer Review: Secies/Estuary- Data I- rocomputer Worksheets Verification Database Select Develop Species Life History Profiles TRelative Abundance Assess Data Quality 2 Compiling large amounts of data limits the amount of 3) Indicator species of environmental stress - identi- information that can be organized and presented for fled from the literature, discussions with fisheries each species/estuarycombination. Itwould be time experts, and from monitoring programs such as and cost prohibitive to map each species by life stage NOAA's National Status and Trends Program (NOAA for each estuary (Monaco 1986). Thus, the salinity 1984). These species are mollusks or bottom fishes zone framework allows the available information on that consume benthic invertebrates or have a strong estuarine fish and invertebrate distribution to be association with bottom sediments. Their physio- consistently compiled and organized. logical disorders, morphological abnormalities, and bioaccumulation of contaminants such as heavy Selection of Species. Four criteria were used to metals indicate environmental pollution and/or stress, identify the 36 species studied in detail. Data were e.g., Atlantic croaker(Micropogoniasundulatus) and most available for species that were either commer- American oyster (Crassostrea virginica). cially or recreationally important. Data were also available for species that are of ecological value or 4) Ecological value - based on several attributes, are indicators of environmental stress. A species list including trophic level, relative abundance and im- was developed and peer reviewed to ensure that the portance as a key predator or prey species, e.g., bay most "important" species were studied (Table 1). anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli). Endangered species The four criteria were: were also taken into consideration, e.g., Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae). 1) Commercial value- determined by review of catch data and value statistics from NMFS, e.g., gulf Species Profiles. A concise life history profile for menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and shrimp each species was developed to provide an overview (Penaeus spp.). of how it utilizes estuaries. The profiles were essen- tial in understanding the distribution of each species. 2) Recreational value - defined as a species that Although many species profiles have been pub- recreational fishermen specifically try to catch, that lished previously, they often describe estuarine life may or may not be of commercial importance. stages inadequately. Therefore, the profiles devel- Recreationalspeciesweredetermined byconsulting oped emphasized estuarine ecology, salinity and regional experts and NMFS reports, e.g., spotted temperature ranges, and life history information for seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and red drum (Sci- estuarine-dependent life stages. A representative aenops ocellatus). species profile for blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is shown in Appendix 4. Figure 3. ELMR Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries. .: : : i i i.: , i. -k)i. :: . i :! i.\ Alabamai 1. Mobile Bay 2. Perdido Bay 3. Pensacola Bay 4. Choctawhatchee Bay 5. St. Andrew Bay 6. Apalachicola Bay / 7. Apalachee Bay 8. Suwannee River 9. Tampa Bay 10. Charlotte Harbor 11. Caloosahatchee River 12. Ten Thousand Islands - 13. Florida Bay 3 Table 1. Eastern Gulf of Mexico species list The relative abundance of a species in an estuary was classified using the following categories: Scientific Name Common Name Argopecten irradians bay scallop * Not present species or life history stage not Crassostrea virginica American oyster found, questionable data as to identification of Crassostrea virgmnica American oyster Rangia cuneata common rangia species, and/or recent loss of habitat or environ- Mercenaria species hard clam mental degradation suggests absence. Penaeus aztecus brown shrimp Penaeus duorarum pink shrimp * No information available: no existing data avail- Penaeus duseoiferus whitenk shrimp able, and after expert review it was determined Palenaeus setieuis whie shrimp that not even an educated guess would be Palaemonetes puglo grass shrimp appropriate. Panulirus argus spiny lobster Menippe adina gulf stone crab Menippe adimercena gurialf stone crab Rare: species is definitely present but not fre- Menippe mercenaria stone crab quently encountered. Callinectes sapidus blue crabed. Megalops atlanticus tarpon Megalosa a lantiusbamae Alabama shad * Common: species is frequently encountered but Brevoortia patronus gulf menhaden not in large numbers; does not imply a uniform Brevoortia smithi yellowfin menhaden distribution over a specific salinity zone. Brevoortia smithi yellowfin menhaden Anchoa mitchil# bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilldou· bay anchovy * Abundant species is often encountered in Fuyprndu us grandis gulf kin h substantial numbers relative to other species. Fundulus grandis gulf killifish Centropomus undecimalis snook CenPomatroomus saundectatrix bluefish Highly abundant: species is numerically domi- Caranx crysos blue runner nant relative to other species. Caranx hippos crevalle jack Caranx hippnotus carolins Florida pompano jack Adults were defined as sexually mature individuals, LuTrachnotus cariseus gray snapper juveniles as immature but otherwise similarto adults, Lagodon rhomboides gray snapper and spawning as release of eggs and sperm. A few Cynoscion arenarius sand seatrout exceptions existed, such as mating in crabs and Cynoscion nebulosus spotted seatrout spiny lbster. Leiostomus xanthurus spot Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic For well-studied species such as shrimp, it was Sciaenops ocellatus Atlantic croaker possible to use quantitative data to estimate abun- ScMugilenops ocells striped drmullet dance levels. For many species, however, reliable Gobiosoma robustum code gobymullet quantitative data were limited. Therefore, regional Scomberoma obus maculatu s Spanish mackerel goby and local experts were consulted to estimate relative PaScomberomorus maculatuhy s Spanish makerel abundance based on the above criteria. These data Paralichthys albigutta gulf flounder Paralichthys lethostigma souther flounder represent relative abundances within a specific estu- ary. Relative abundance levels across Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries could not be determined. Data Sheets. A data sheet was developed for each Data Verification. Approximately three years were species for each estuary to enable quick compilation required to develop the 468 data sheets (Figure 4) and simple presentation of the data. Figure 4 shows and consult with regional and local experts for the 13 the data sheet for sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenar- estuaries studied. Ninety-five percent of the data ius) in Mobile Bay. A draft of each data sheet was sheets were carefully reviewed during consultations developed by project staff and reviewed by local or by mail. These important consultations comple- experts. Data compiled for each species include: 1) mented the literature and published data sets com- the salinity zone it occupies (seawater, mixing, or piled by NOAA. Forty-four scientists and managers tidal fresh); 2) monthly distribution in those zones; at 24 institutions were consulted. The names and and 3) life stage(s) in a particular zone and their affiliations of these experts are listed in Appendix 6. relative abundance level. The ELMR data sheets are Local experts were especially helpful in providing entered into a microcomputer data base manage- estuary/species-specific information. They also ment system. provided additional references and contacts and identified additional species to be included in the ELMR data base. 4 Temporal distribution. Table 3 summarizes the temporal distribution of each species by month and Data summaries. Information compiled for each life stage for each estuary. This table combines data species and estuary (468 data sheets) was organ- over the three salinity zones, showing the highest ized in four data summaries (pp. 17-75). Tables 2 level of abundance for a particular life stage by and 3 provide graphic presentations of the spatial month. and temporal distribution and relative abundance by life stage for each species and estuary. The informa- Presence/absence data. Although each life stage of tion shown represents the usual distribution of a a species is assigned one of five levels of relative species in a particular estuary. Table 4 ranks the abundance (not present, rare, common, abundant, relative reliability of the information presented for or highly abundant), Tables 2 and 3 do not distin- each species and estuary. guish between "rare" and not "present". This was done because management of estuarine fisheries Spatial distribution and relative abundance. Table 2 often does not direct efforts towards rare species. To summarizes the distribution and relative abundance distinguish between "rare" and not "present", Table by life stage for each species by salinity zone in each 5 presents information on the presence/absence of estuary. The highest level of abundance during the species/life stages by salinity zone. If a life stage of year in each estuary is depicted. a species had a relative abundance level of rare or greaterwithin an estuary, it was considered present. Figure 4. Example of a species/estuary data sheet: sand seatrout in Mobile Bay. Sand seatrout Mobile Bay Cynoscion arenarius Alabama Investigator: L. R. Settle Salinity Life Relative Abundance by Month Zone Stage J F M A M J J A S O N D R Adults 2 Spawning 1 Tidal Fresh Juveniles 2 0.0 - .5 ppt Larvae I 0 2 Eggs 1 Adults i - 2 Mix i Spawning 2 0.5 - 25.0 ppt Juveniles iM 2 Larvae 2 Eggs __ 2 Adults f i_ 2 Spawning 2 Seawater >25.0 ppt Juvenies Larvae 2 Eggs 2 Legend: Relative Abundance: Data Reliability (R): I | = Not Present 1 = Highly Certain I |......... = No Data 2 = Moderateiy Certain - = Rare 3 = Reasonable Inference = Common = . .....Abundant = Highly Abundant Figure 5. Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in mixing zone, by season and by estuary. Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Number of species Number of species Number of species Number of species Estuary 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 300 5 15 20 25 300 5 10 15 20 25 30 Florida Florida Ten Thousand Ten Thousand .. 5..... . o Harbor .... .... ....3... . .,5 .. 2 . .0 .. . .., ..2 ..,. Harbor Tampa Tampa Bay [5ii'il:?i'.iiiiiii;.iliiiiiii:iiii/it Bay Suwannee [i:! ; ISuwannee River :River I I I : I Apalachee MENEM _ Apalachee Bay Bay Suwannee ............. ..w ,.. ,. . . .. , . ,. , :.. , .: .:.:.:...:..:.. .,.,........... .................... ....... ..................... ............... 0 5 10 15 20 25 300 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of species Number of species Number of species Number of species Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Continued .... Legend: Winter (Dec-Feb) Spring (Mar-May) Summer (Jun-Aug) [ Fall (Sep-Nov). Figure 5 (continued). Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in mixing zone, by season and by estuary. Larvae Juveniles ,Adults Spawning Estuary Number of speies 30Number of species Number of species 30Number of species Estuary 0 5 10 I15 20 25 30 5 ie I15 20 25 300 5 I10 156 20 25 30 5 I 0 156 20 25 30 Apalachicola Apalachicola Bay :::.........::..s. a St. Andrew St. Andrew Bay -.-.. ...:.:.:. ..:..:..;...:..:..:.::.':: Bay Choclawhatchee Choctawhatchee Pensacola Pensacola PerdidoowPedo Mobile Mbl .... ......:................................ a 0 5 lo is 20 25 30 0 5 10 I15 20 25 30 0 5 la is 20 25 30 0 5 10 is 20 25 30 Number of species Number of species Number of species Number of species Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Legend : Winter (Dec-Feb) Spring (Mar-May) Sum mer (Jun-Aug) Fall (Sep-Nov)Cotne... Figure 5 (continued). Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in seawater zone, by season and by estuary. Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Number of species Number of species Number of species Number of species Estuary0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 5 20 25 300 5 10 15 20 25 30 lo ....15 ....20......... ........ ... ...,... ...... ............ . ......... .... .. Florida _ _ _ Florida Bay Ess.0es;sgBeg8s$iiBay Ten Thousand Ten Thousand Islands r _iYsS*fSg3:. i Islands I I , !I Charlotte Charlotte Harbor I} | .::.:.:.:.:.. . .:: : Harbor ! [ ,/ :,' i I Tampa_-e Tampa Bay Atlan.ic, ..s ,>.:.: >s.9.... Bay I I: , : , -- J Suwannee Suwannee River = ... ......... ................. River I i ii I : ':I Apalachee Apalachee Bay g y :S:g.>..S.:,SSSgS,''':pg Sa S g:S>S :-y -,i... ...i ...i .. iI .... i1 .... ;.... i... .... i.... ... .... .... i.... i....i...i..i... ... IO.. is ...5.. 0 5 10 20 25 30 0 15 20 25 300 10 S15 20 25 30 5 10 15S 20 25 30 Number of species Number of species Number of spes Number of species Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Legend: Winter ( Dec-Feb) Spring (Mar-May) Summer (Jun-Aug) [ 1 Fall (Sep-Nov) Continued.... A Figure 5 (continued). Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in seawater zone, by season and by estuary. Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Estuary 9 - Number of species Number of species Number of species Number of species Estuary a 5 I10 15 20 25 300 5 10 15 20 25 300 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 ............. ........................... ........... A palach icola _ -_A palach ico la Bay ; : : . :;' f'' "' "'ss'g isgi Soy''''s f, " :,f ':s S ""' Bay St. Andrew M St. Andrew Bay Bay Choctawhatchee NEN MIU Choclawhatchee I l ........ l l ......... l I ..... . . . .. . .... Choctawhatchee 0 .... ......... ...... .... ... .... .......Cotwace Bay 5: sgS:.ss ..l[f .f, :f ........... yS:ffgtS-. ......., ..eBay Pensacola Pensacola Bay Bay:gneff&s ;s::Ni.:SX Perdido Perdido Bay .. I Bay Mobile _ Mobile Bay I s ::i. .>. s2:g§t :S.f ....:i f ::;:;;:;;:. .:. ...:.. ... ............................. , ........ ......... ...... 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of species Number of species Number of species Number of species Larvae Juveniles Adults Spawning Legend: _ Winter (Dec-Feb) I Spring (Mar-May) Summer (Jun-Aug) | | Fall (Sep-Nov) Figure 6. Mean number of species (averaged across estuaries) with relative abundance of common or greater, by salinity zone, life stage, and month. 25- Legend: Tidal fresh zone Adults a 20 I - : Juveniles 15- _ E 10:- Spawning Larvae Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 25: -Mixing zone 20 o- ,g1151 I 111 I IiI _f.; o I 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 25 - Seawater zone A20- 1 5 -- i l E 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 10 Seasonal Comparisons. To examine general * The number of larval species displays a bimodal seasonal abundance patterns, the number of spe- temporal distribution with peaks in April and cies ranked as "common"or greaterwere counted for September (Figure 7). each life stage by month and by salinity zone for winter (Dec-Feb), spring (Mar-May), summer (Jun- - In any given month, more juvenile species utilize Aug), and fall (Sep-Nov) (Figures 5, 6, and 7). In these estuariesthananyotherlife stage (Figures Figure 5, the number of species was averaged 5 and 6). across months and within seasons, allowing a com- parison of estuaries. In Figure 6, the number of - Many estuarine-dependent species spawn in species was averaged across estuaries and plotted marine waters. Thus, of the five life stages, the by month. Although not a statistical analysis of fewest species were present as eggs and for abundances, these summaries do provide insights spawning (Figure 5 and 6). The scarcity of these into the seasonal distribution of selected species in two life stages may also be a result of limited these estuaries: studies on spawning and ichthyoplankton in estuaries. * Fewer species utilize Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries in the winter than in any other season. - The number of species is lowest in Perdido Bay Estuarine utilization by all life stages is highest in (Figure 5, see discussion on page 14). the spring and summer (Figures 5 and 6). The number of species appears to be lowest in · The numberof species varies least from season the tidal fresh zone (Figure 6). However, this to season in the southern Florida estuaries, i.e. may be because the selected ELMR species are Florida Bay to Tampa Bay (Figure 5). primarily estuarine, not freshwater. Also, few studies exist for a large number of estuaries and species in tidalfresh waters, so any true patterns are difficult to define. Figure 7. Mean number of species as larvae (averaged across estuaries), by month and salinity zone. 15 -Larvae (o e) o10 - CD O. -II 5- Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Legend: Tidal fresh zones Mixing zones Seawater zones Biogeography. A transition of species' presence/ Moderately certain: Some sampling data available absence between northern and southern Florida has for an estuary. Distribution, preferred habitat, and been documented (Roessler 1970, Gilmore 1977) ecology well-documented in similar estuaries. and is probably the result of a climatological transi- tion between a temperate and a subtropical environ- Reasonable inference: Little or no sampling data ment. The faunal transition zone is considered to available. Information on species distributions, extend east/west across central Florida, correspond- ecology, and preferred habitats documented in simi- ing with the Indian River Lagoon and Tampa Bay lar estuaries. estuaries. Several species in the ELM R Eastern Gulf of Mexico data base display geographical heteroge- The quality and quantity of available data vary by neity and seem to support the observed central species andbyestuary. For example, a large amount Florida transition zone. Of the stone crabs (Menippe of information is available on shrimp because they species), M. mercenaria is the prevalent species are economically valuable. In general, the lowest from Florida Bay north through Tampa Bay. A zone quality of data and the least amount available are for of hybridization occurs between Suwannee River spawning, egg, and larval stages. Except for a few and Apalachicola Bay, and M. adina is dominant species (e.g., brown shrimp), very little research has west of Apalachicola Bay (Bert, T., 1987, Florida focused on habitat preferences and environmental DNR, personal communication). The spiny lobster tolerances. This is particularly true for the smaller (Panulirusargus) is rare in estuaries north of Tampa forage and/or non-commercial fishes and inverte- Bay while white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) is pres- brates. Gear selectivity, inability to correctly identify ent only from the Suwannee River estuary north and larval stages and difficulty in sampling various habi- westward. tats limit the reliability of this information. In addition, regional life history data are lacking on some com- A number of fishes have distributional patterns simi- mercially important sciaenid and pelagic species. lar to the invertebrates. Alabama shad (Alosa ala- bamae) isonlypresentfromSuwannee Riverthrough Data reliability was also based on experimental Mobile Bay, while snook (Centropomus undeci- design and whether the studies were relatively re- malls) is absent from Suwannee River westward. cent. Forexample, several recent studies on Florida Yellowfin menhaden (Brevoortia smithO occur pri- Bay fish communities, icthyoplankton populations, marilyfrom Florida Bay northtoTampa Bay,whereas and habitat assemblages provide extensive, up to gulf menhaden (B. patronus) occur primarily from date information (Powell et al. 1987, Thayer et al. Tampa Bay north and westward. Southern flounder 1987, Thayer and Chester 1989). In the case of (Paralichthys lethostigma), while rare in southern limited studies, information was inferred. Florida estuaries, is common from Suwannee River to Mobile Bay. Sincethe amount andqualityof available information vary by species, by life stage, by estuary, and even R.. oN. .- , · .within an estuary, considerable scientific judgment is required to derive or infer spatial and temporal distri- An important aspect of this study, especially since it butions from existing data and literature. Unfortu- was based primarily on published and unpublished nately, even the most informed judgment is far from literature and consultations, was to determine the perfect due to the complexity of estuarine systems. quality of data used. A deliberate effort was made to Consequently, information on the level of certainty assess the overall reliability of the data base so that associated with each data element must be pre- the information could be used appropriately. De- sented (Table 4). Appendices 3, 4, and 5 provide a pending on questions to be addressed, some data complete summary of the references and personal may not be suitable to use. Estimates of the reliability communications used so that readers can track and of the distribution and abundance information organ- obtain additional information efficiently. ized by species, life stage, and estuary are pre- sented in Table 4. The following criteria were used Variability In Space and Time. Species data were to assess data reliability: organized according to the salinity zone boundaries identified for each estuary in the NEI Data Atlas - Highly certain: Considerable sampling data avail- Volume I (NOAA 1985). However, these salinity able. Distribution, ecology, and preferred habitats zones are highly variable due to interacting factors well-documented within an estuary. that affect salinity, such as variations in freshwater inflow, wind, and tides. It was assumed that if the area of a particular salinity zone increases or de- creases, the distribution of a mobile species in that 12 zone will correspondingly shift. For example, if these organisms may be overestimated, but the increased freshwater inflow shifts the tidal fresh zone salinity zones of colonization are identified. Specific furtherdown the estuary, the distributionof a species areas may contain acceptable salinity regimes, but confined to that zone increases accordingly. For suitable bottom habitat for colonization may not euryhaline species, a distributional shift may or may exist. Specific habitat requirements and life history not occur. The placement of species in a salinity characteristics of a number of invertebrate species zone was ultimately determined bywhere they have are provided below: been observed or captured. * Bay scallop: Usually associated with seagrass Species temporal distributions are often dependent beds. on annual climatic conditions and water currents. Monthly distribution patterns were based on the * Rangia: All life stages occur in salinities below consistent presence of a life stage within a particular 25 ppt. month. If a species is present in an estuary only in unusual years (e.g., as a result of drought), itwas not * Hard clam: Most life stages occur in salinities considered present. However, if a species is typi- above 20 ppt. cally found, even during a restricted time period, it was considered present. Greater temporal resolu- * Penaeid shrimp: Postlarvae and juveniles are tion, such as on a biweekly rather than on a monthly the critical life stages utilizing estuaries. Most basis, was not possible. adults move to nearshore spawning grounds, where spawning, egg development, and most Abundance Data. Except for a few important larval development occur. commercial and recreational species, little or no quantitative information was available to determine * Grass shrimp: Fertilized eggs are held on the the relative abundance of species across estuaries. female's pleopods until hatching. Therefore, relative abundance estimates were made compared to other species within a specific estuary. * Gulf stone crab: Usually found in salinities For well-studied species, such as juvenile sciaenids greater than 20 ppt. Males are typically located or penaeids, quantitative data were used to estimate in nearshore waters, but migrate into estuaries the level of abundance within an estuary. However, for mating. in most cases the level of abundance assigned to a species was determined by asking regional and local * Blue crab: Mating usually takes place in low biologists for expert opinions based on their knowl- salinities of the tidal fresh to upper region of the edge of individual species within an estuary. This mixing zone. After mating, females move to the effort complemented quantitative studies, and greatly seawater zone, while males often remain in the increased reliability of abundance information. upper reaches of the estuary. The females brood the eggs (sponge females), and larvae are The quality of relative abundance information varied released in higher salinities. Development between estuaries as well as species. As a result, through the late zoeal stages occurs offshore. temporal resolution was greater in well-studied estu- Megalopae are recruited back into the estuary aries, e.g. blue crab in Mobile Bay. Nevertheless, the and disperse throughout the salinity zones. As relative abundance data shown in the data summa- they approach maturity, blue crabs seek lower ries are the best that could be synthesized from salinities. There appears to be a primary spawn- agency reports, academic studies, and expert re- ing ground located in the Apalachicola Bay re- views. gion that serves as a source area for the entire Florida peninsular Gulf coast blue crab fishery. Life History Notes. Because of the complex life A hypothesis for redistribution of larvae to south- histories of some species, the following comments western Florida includestransport through circu- are provided below to clarify and supplement infor- lation patterns associated with the Loop current mation presented in the data summary tables. Also, and the Apalachicola River (Oesterling and a brief discussion of data for Perdido Bay is pre- Adams 1982). sented due to generally poor water quality and its ' effect on biota. Fishes- Aggregating species by salinity zone uses a single fundamental habitat parameter. However, a Invertebrates. Sessile invertebrates, such as clams combination of habitat characteristics, such as bot- and oysters, usually have a patchy rather than a tom type, water temperature, and bathymetry, would general distribution. Therefore, areal distribution of more accurately indicate species spatial and tempo- 13 ral distributions. Specific habitat requirements and * Flounders: Spawning, eggs and larvae are life history characteristics of a number of fishes are distributed in nearshore waters. Juveniles and presented here: larvae migrate into bays for growth and develop- ment. Gulf floundertypically remain in the higher * Tarpon: Spawning and eggs occur offshore. salinitiesoftheseawaterandlowermixingzones, Juveniles and larvae use the estuaries as a but southernflounderaremoregenerallydistrib- nursery ground, and are often found in low uted. salinity waters. Perdido Bay Estuary. Perdido Bay is part of a · Alabama shad: Included in the ELMR study complex waterway system connected to Pensacola because it is an endangered species. BaybytheIntracoastal Waterway. Ithasa significant dissolved oxygen constraint, especially near the * Menhaden: Spawningoccursfromthecoastline bottom during the summer. Industrial effluent and to six miles offshore. Gulf and yellowfin menha- nutrient-poor, acidic blackwater tributaries combine den may hybridize where their ranges overlap. to make Perdido Bay an area of low productivity. Some species (e.g., pinfish) are still founa in the * Crevallejackand blue runner The juvenile and upper water column, but bottom dwellers are rare adult stages are found in estuaries, but all other (Flemer, D., 1988, U.S. EPA, personal communica- life stages are in offshore waters. tion). Macroinvertebrates are generally absent from areas of suspended and settled organic sediments * Florida pompano: Typically found in nearshore with high oxygen demand. Degraded bottom condi- surf and inlet waters, but juveniles and adults tions are indicative of cumulative effects of long-term sometimes enter the bays. Spawning, eggs and waste input (Suttkus and Gunning 1986). larvae are distributed offshore. * Graysnapper. Larvae and juveniles are typically associated with vegetation in estuaries, particu- Classifying and Comparing Estuaries. Although larly seagrass beds and mangroves. Spawning the qualitative nature of the distribution data pre- and eggs usually occur offshore. cludes statistical comparisons of species abundances among estuaries, comparisons can be made using * Pinfish: Juveniles and adults are the predomi- data on the presence/absence of species in salinity nant life stage within estuaries. Spawning and zones. This information, combined with the spatial eggs occuroffshore. Larvae are transported into and temporal distribution data, is the strength of the estuaries, but may attain juvenile size before data base. Estuaries can be loosely categorized by they enter. their physical and chemical characteristics and their associated species assemblages. The relative * Sciaenids: Almost all of the sciaenids move to importance of individual estuaries to specific species nearshore or offshore waters for spawning, al- may also be determined. though some species may spawn in passes. Larvae are transported into estuaries, but may The species found in an estuary are sensitive indica- attain juvenile size before they enter. Since tors of both the mean and extreme environmental some of these species have rather long life conditions within that estuary. Estuaries can be spans, several years may be spent in the estuar- classified by the number of species present and by ies as juveniles. Juveniles develop in estuarine whetherthe fauna are primarily marine, estuarine, or habitats, then migrate out as subadultsoradults. freshwater. Species assemblages may correlate with physical characteristics, such as bottom sub- * Striped mullet Adults and juveniles are the strate, vegetation, and areal and temporal character- predominant life stages found in estuaries. They istics of salinity zones. The information on species spawn offshore, and larvae move inshore and presence/absence orother attributes can be used to into estuaries. determine the faunal similarities and differences among estuaries. · Codegoby: Usually associated with seagrasses and higher salinities. A comparison of estuaries and associated species can identify differing factors among those estuaries * Spanish mackerel: Adults and juveniles occur in that might account for shifts in species distribution estuaries. Although not reported, some larvae and relative abundance, helping to define ecological probably enter estuaries. variables controlling species distributions. For ex- 14 ample, a species may show differing salinity toler- estuaries may have a total systemic effect through- ances among estuaries, suggesting that some other out the Nation's estuaries and coastal ocean. factor, such as temperature, competition, or preda- Compiling and organizing fragments of estuarine tion may be regulating its distribution. information is a difficult task, but is necessary to effectively manage the nation's estuaries. Although Linkages to Marine Ecosystems. Estuaries are the knowledge available to conserve and protect home to many aquatic species year-round, however, estuaries continues to be limited, the ELMR data a large number of species only use estuaries for base will allow comparisons among species, groups specific parts of their life histories and spend the rest of species, specific life stages and times of year offshore. Most of these latter species fall into four within an estuary, or by geographic regions. When general categories: 1) diadromous species, which combined with other data sets, the ELM R data base use estuaries as migration corridors and, in some will enable development and testing of ecological instances, nursery areas; 2) species that use estuar- hypotheses and identify gaps in our knowledge of ies for spawning, often at specific salinities; 3) spe- estuarine fishes and invertebrates. cies that spawn in marine waters near the mouths of estuaries and depend on tidal- and wind-driven cur- - - rents to carry eggs, larvae, or early juveniles into estuarine nursery areas; and 4) species that enter Darnell, R. M., R. E. Defenbaugh, and D. Moore. estuaries during certain times of year to feed on 1983. Northwestern Gulf shelf bio-atlas. Open File abundant prey. The importance of an estuary can be Report No. 82-04. Minerals Management Service, assessed by the intensity with which species use Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Offfice. Metairie, LA. estuarine habitats. Importance can be estimated 438 p. both by the number of species present as well as the density of specific life stages in estuaries relative to Gilmore, R. G. 1977. Fishes of the Indian River offshore habitats. These data may assist in identify- Lagoon and adjacent waters, Florida. Bull. Fla. St. ing adverse effects of estuarine degradation on Mus., Biol. Sci. 22: 101-148. offshore populations. Gunter, G. 1967. Some relationships of estuaries to The presence or absence of members of a set of pre- the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico. In G. H. Lauff selected species or species with specific life history (editor), Estuaries, pp. 621-638. Amer. Assoc. Adv. strategies can be used to rank the importance of an Sci. Sp. Publ. No. 83, Washington, DC. 757 p. estuary to these species on a regional basis. For example, if the species group is defined as anadro- Hammerschmidt, P. C. and L. W. McEachron. 1986. mous fishes that are commercially important off- Trends in relative abundance of selected shellfishes shore, the strength of the offshore-estuarine linkage along the Texas coast: January 1977 - March 1986. for each estuary can be established. This can be Tex. Parks Wildl. Dept., Coast. Fish. Branch, Mgmt. used to identify estuaries needing special attention Data Ser., No. 108: 149 p. or management. Data sets developed or under development in SAB's Living Marine Resources Pro- Joseph, E. B. 1973. Analysis of a nursery ground. In gram and other NOAA programs will enable regional A. L. Pacheco (editor). Proceedings of a Workshop assessments with consistent species information on Egg, Larval, and Juvenile Stages of Fish in from the head-of-tide in estuaries to the continental Atlantic Coast Estuaries. shelf. Integration of biological and physical data will significantly improve our ability to identify and define Mann, K. H. 1982. Ecology of coastal waters. Univ. the biological linkages and physical interchanges of California Press, Los Angeles, CA. 322 p. between estuarine and shelf habitats. McEachron, L. W., and A. W. Green. 1984. Assess- ' * o o - ment of annual relative abundance and mean length of six marine fishes in Texas coastal waters. Proc. This report is part of an effort to "capture" the Nation's Annu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agen- data on fishes and invertebrates in estuaries (see cies 38: 506-519. inside front cover). This research is one step in developing an information base to bridge the gap Monaco, M. E. 1986. National Estuarine Inventory: between site-specific estuarine problems and formu- Living marine resources component, preliminary West lating regional management strategies. Filling this Coast study. ELMR Rpt. 1. Ocean Assessments Di- gap is more important than ever, as it becomes clear vision, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 33 p. that cumulative effects of small changes in many 15 Monaco, M. E., T. E. Czapla, D. M. Nelson, and M. E. Powell, A.B., D.E. Hoss, W.F. Hettler, D.S. Peters, L. Pattillo. 1989. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes Simoneaux, and S. Wagner. 1987. Abundance and and Invertebrates in Texas Estuaries. ELMR Rpt. distribution of ichthyoplankton in Florida Bay and No. 3. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. adjacent waters. South Florida Research Report Rockville, MD. 107 p. SFRS-87/01. Monaco, M. E., and R. L. Emmett. 1988. The Estuar- Roessler, M.A. 1970. Checklist of fishes in Button- ine Living Marine Resource Project: Washington wood Canal, Everglades National Park, Florida, and State Component. ELMR Rpt. 2. Strategic Assess- observations on the seasonal occurrence and life ment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 82p. histories of selected species. Bull. Mar. Sci. 20:861- 893. Monaco, M. E., D. M. Nelson, R. L. Emmett, and S. A. Hinton. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of Sherman, K., and L. M. Alexander (editors). 1985. Fishes and Invertebrates in West Coast Estuaries, Variability and management of large marine ecosys- Volume 1: Data Summaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 4. tems. AAAS Selected Symposium 99. AAAS, Wash- Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. ington, DC. 319 p. Rockville, MD. 240 p. Shipp, R. L. 1988. Guide to fishes of the Gulf of NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- Mexico. Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory, Dauphin stration). 1984. The national status and trends pro- Island, AL. 256 p. gram for marine environmental quality: Program description (memo). Ocean Assessments Division, Suttkus, R.D., and G.E. Gunning. 1986. Biological NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 28 p. survey of Perdido Bay. Annual report to St. Regis Paper Company. Cantonment, Fla. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- stration). 1985. National Estuarine Inventory: Data Thayer, G.W., D.R. Colby, and W. F. Hettler, Jr. 1987. Atlas. Volume 1. Physical and Hydrologic Character- Utilization of the red mangrove prop root habitat by istics. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. fishes in south Florida. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 36: 25- Rockville, MD. 103 p. 38. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- Thayer, G.W., and A. J. Chester. 1989. Distribution stration). 1988. Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas of fishes among basin and channel habitats in Flor- Strategic Assessment: Data Atlas. Volume 1. Physi- ida Bay. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44:200-219. cal and Hydrologic Characteristics. Strategic As- sessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 135 Weinstein, M. P. 1979. Shallow marsh habitats as p. primary nurseries for fishes and shellfish. Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Fish. Bull., U. S. 77: 339-357. Odum, W. E., and E. J. Heald. 1975. The detritus- based food web of an estuarine mangrove community. In L. E. Cronim (editor). Estuarine Research. Aca- demic Press. New York, NY. pp. 265 - 286. Oesterling, M. L., and C. A. Adams. 1982. Migration of blue crabs along Florida's gulf coast. InH. M. Perry and W. A. Van Engel (editors), Proceedings of the blue crab colloquium, October 18-19, 1979, p. 37-57. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, Biloxi, Miss. Perry, H. M., G. Adkins, R. Condrey, P. C. Hammer- schmidt, S. Heath, J. R. Herring, C. Moss, G. Perk- ins, and P. Steele. 1984. A profile of the blue crab fishery of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Report, December 1982. 184 PP. 16 Data Summary Tables Table 2. Spatial distribution and relative abundance Table 3. Temporal distribution Table 4. Data reliability In each data summary table, species are listed in phylogenetic order, as in Table 1. Estuaries are listed in a southeast to northwest order, from Florida Bay, FL, to Mobile Bay, AL. At the beginning of each data summary is an index table showing the page location of each species and estuary within the data summary. 17 Index to Table 2: Page location of spatial distribution table for each species and estuary. Estuary ,ZA Common and Scientific Name C Bay scallop (Aigapecten ifradians) American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Common rangia (Rangia cuneata) Hard clam (Mercenaria species) P 19 p. 20 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) Pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) While shrimp (Penaeus setiterus) Grass shrimp (Palaemonates pugio) Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) Guff stone crab (Menippe adina) p. 21 p. 22 Stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) Tarpon (Megalaps atfanticus) Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) . Gulf menhaden (Brevooria patronus) Yellowlin menhaden (Brevoortia smith# P. 23 p. 24 Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchib Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) Snook (Centropomus undecimahs) Bluefish (Pomatomus saltix) p. 25 p. 26 Blue runner (Caranx crysos) Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) Gray snapper (Lu ganus grieus) Pinfish (La godon rhomboides) Sand sealrout (Cynoscion arenanius) Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) P. 27 p. 28 Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) Red drum (Sciasenps ocellatus) Striped mullet (Mugil cepthalus) Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)p.2p 3 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomiorus maculatus) .2P 3 Gulf flounder (Parafichthys albigutta) Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) Table 2. Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M * T M S T M S T M S T M S Bay scallop A O O S O 0 Argopecten J 0 0 irradians L 0 O E 0 0 American oyster A 0O ° 0 00 I N S 00 0 00 00 13 3 Crassostrea 00 0 0j0 00 0 a virginica L 00 0 0 0 00 0 ® 0® E 00 0 00 00 13 13 Common rangia A a · · ·* 0 C 00 S a * a * a 0 Rangia J a a a 0* 00 cuneata L * ** S * 00 E 0* @6 *6 @ 0 Hard clam A O 0 0 0 S O O 0 O Mercenaria J O0 0 species L 0 0 0 0 E 0 0 0 0 Brown shrimp A Penaeus aztecus L E Pink shrimp A Penaeus S duorarum @ @ O L ·· 0 0 E T M ST M S T M * T M S T M S T M ST M S Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Islands River I Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults (3 Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, * - Seawater zone not present. L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 19 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala And- S t. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Bay scallop A O O 0 0 S 00 Argopecten J 0 O irradians L 0 0 L O© E 00 American oyster A R (3 0 0 0 0 S ®® 0 0 0 00 Crassostrea 0 0 0 0 virginica J * 9 0 0 C 0 0 L (9 0 0 0 0 00 E * 0 0 0 0 Common rangia A O C 00 0 0°0 ° 0 ° S a 0 0 0 Rangia JO 0 0 0 0 0 0 cuneata LO 0 O O O E O 0 0 0 Hard clam A O 0 0 0 J 0 0 Mercenaria O O species L 0 0 E 0 0 Brown shrimp A V) ( 0 . Penaeus aztecus S O* * L ® ® ® 66 ** E Pink shrimp A) ® ) Penaeus duorarum J 13 ®® 1 ®I 0(0 00 00 L 0 0 E T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults 0 Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 20 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Islands River Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M * T M S T M S T M S T M S White shrimp A S Penaeus J O setiferus L E Grass shrimp A * 0 0 0 S O a S S® 00 * ·* 3 * *3 Palaemonetes S a 00 a a a® a a pugio L * * 1 * L 0O0 a 0 9 E · 00 · SO aO *® 1 Spiny lobster A M Panulirus 0 argus L S Blue crab A O O 0 1 i @ O CD 0 0 · · 0 · · MO® 0 ® 0 0 0· 0· Callinectes J 0 0 0 0 0 sapidus L a 0 0 S CO OC® @ @ Gulf stone crab A O M O Menippe O adina L 0 S 0 Stone crab A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O M 0 00 00 0 0 0 Menippe J 0 00 0 0 0 mercenaria L 0 O0 0 0 0 S 0 00 00 0 0 0 T M ST M STM* TM ST M ST M S T M S Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults 13 Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, * - Seawater zone not present. L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs M - Mating 21 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S White shrimp A O O0 O 0 O 0 0 O S Penaeus J @ CD 0 ° setiferus L E Grass shrimp A 0 0 6 S *@ @@ O@ * 6· Palaemonetes @ pugioL * E * @ 0 0 il * * Spiny lobster A 0 M Panulirus argus L S Blue crab A O * * O * C O O O a0 a MOO O @ @ @ 0 0 Callinectes J O O O CD O° sapidus L @ S @ 0 0 Gulf stone crab A 0 O Stone crab A M Menippe J mercenaria L S T M ST M ST M ST M ST M ST M S Apala- St. Choctaw- chicola- Ande w hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults 6) Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs M - Mating 22 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee ByIslands River Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M ' T M S T M S T M S T M S Tarpon A 00 00 0 01 0 0 0 S Megalops O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 atlanticus L 0 0 0 E Alabama shad A O O 0 Alosa S 0 alabamae 0 0 L 00 E 0 Gulf menhaden A O Brevoortia patronus J 0 0 0 L 0 . ) E Yellowfin menhaden A 0 @ Brevoortia s smithi JO 0 00 L 0O @@ 0 Bay anchovy A 6 0 · O · a a O 0 Anchoa S a a a a * a mitchilli O 0 a * a L *- 66 · *- 6 6· ·*( E ON O * @9 @6 * 0 Sheepshead minnow A 0 0 0 00 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 O0 * S 00 0 0 0 0 0 00' 0 Cyprinodon variegatus ariegatdu J i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 a 0 a 10 · L 00 00 0 00 00 a0 ·0 E 00 0 0 0 00 00 a0 0 T M ST M S T M T M S T M S T M S T M S Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults O Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, * - Seawater zone not present. L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 23 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Tarpon A O0 O O0000 00 00 Megalops 00 atlanticus atlanticus J0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 00 0 E Alabama shad A O O O O O O O O 0 Alosa 0 alabamae J LO EO Gulf menhaden A O O ( 0 0 6 a Brevoortia patronus 0a0 0a0 0a L · 00 00 0(0 a E · Yellowfin menhaden A Brevoortia smithi L E Bay anchovy A 0 O 0 * *9 O 0 60 0 0 - S ®0 me s0 o 00 ·· Anchoa mitchilli L a* a· ** 00 00 a6 E a 13 0 0 0 0 O Sheepshead minnow A O O O O O O 0 Cyprinodon S 0 @ @ ) 0 0 @ variegatus JO O 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 L 88 0 8 0 0 0 E ( ®) ® 13 00 0 0 TM ST M ST M ST M ST M ST M S Apala- St. Choctaw- Apahiola Andre w hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults O Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 24 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Islands River Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M * T M S T M S T M S T M S Gulf killifish A O O 0 0 O O O O O ( 0 O 0 0 0 C O So0o0oo0oo @@ 00 @0 00 Fundulus OOOO OO 0 00 0 0 grandis J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0000 00 0 1 0 0 0 0 EOOO O000 SS@ 00 @0 @0 EOo A 0 0 0 0 0 · 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 Centropomus S 0 undecimalis J 0 0 0 · 0 ° · · · 1 0 0 0 L 00 00 0 0 @ E 0 0 61 Bluefish A 00 00 0 0 00 00 Pomatomus S saltatrix J 00 00 00 L E Bluerunner A O O 0 O 0 Caranx crysos J0 0 0 0 0 L E Crevalle jack A 0 0 O 00 O O O Caranx S hippos J 13 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L E Florida pompano A a @ O O Trachinotus carolinus J 0 0 0 0 L E T M ST M ST M * T M ST M ST M ST M S Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults O Abundant M -Mixing S - Spawning adults O Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, * - Seawater zone not present. L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 25 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Pdid Mobil chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Gulf killifish A O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 O0 S 00 00 00 00 0 Fundulus J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0@ grandis L 00 00 00 00 0 L 00 00 00 00 @0 E O0 O O O0 O O i0 Snook A O O O Centropomus undecimalis L E Bluefish A 00 @ 00 00 00 Pomatomus saltatrix J 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 L E Bluerunner A 0 i) 0 0 0 Caranx J 0 crysos E Crevalle jack A O 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 Caranx hippos J 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 L E Florida pompano A 0 0 0 S Trachinotus 0 0 0 0 0 carolinus L E T M ST M ST M ST M S T M ST M S Apala- St. Choctaw- Apachicola Andre w hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults O Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 26 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M * T M S T M S T M S T M S Gray snapper A 0 0 O 0 O S Lutianus J 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 griseus L E Pinfish A a a 0 i) a* a Lagodon o * s *s rhomboides J 0 0 0 a a * a 0 L 0 O 0 0 E Sand seatrout A 0 O 0 ) 0 0 S ) (3 O O Cynoscion J 0 @0 0 0 arenarius 0 a L 0 0 0 0 E 0 O0 0 0 Spotted seatrout A O 00 10 0 0 0 0 0 Cynoscion S @0 00 0 @0 00 O 0 nebulosus J 0 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 L 00 00 0 00 00 @0 00 E 0 00 0O 0 0 0 0 Spot A @0 00 00 Lebostomus xanthurus 0 0000 0000a00005a L 0 0 0 0 E Atlantic croaker A 0 0 00 Micropogonias g O O undulatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 E T M ST M ST M * T M ST M ST M ST M S Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Islands River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults O Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, * - Seawater zone not present. L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 27 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M ST M S T M S T M S T M S Gray snapper A 0 0 0 3 0 Lutjanus S griseus J 00000 00 0 0 L E Pinfish A a@ 13 0*0* ° 00 O@ Lagodon S rhomboides J a a 0 * a a 0 0 L 0 a 0 6 Oa 0 E Sand seatrout A (P 0 0 0 0 0 O O Cynoscion S 00 00 00 a0 Cynoscion S arenarius J ·**@®0° 000 000°@ L @ 00 a 00 00 · E 00 3 00 00 a6 Spotted seatrout A O O i O O 00 0 O Cynoscion S 0 0 0 nebulosus J 00 0 0 CD 0 00 0 nebulosus J L 00 00 00 00 00 00 E 00 0 0 Spot A 0 1 0 ®O Leiostomus xanthurus J 0 0 a 00 6 L 0 00 a· 0 00 00 Atlantic croaker A 0 0 Micropogonias undulatus J * 0 0 0 000 0 L (3 00 O 0 O 0 E T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee aya B Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage 6 Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults li) Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults O Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 28 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M * T M S T M S T M S T M S Red drum A 0 0 O 00 O 0 Sciaenops 00 o o 00 00 ocellatus L 0 00 0@ 0 0 E Striped mullet A i 0 10 0 0 a 1 0 0 0 O a a Mugil J*0*@* *O@* cephalus 0 L 0 0 E Code goby A ·0 a a * ® 0*0 0 S *@ a@ @ @0 0C 00 00 Gobiosoma 0 00 robustum L· · ·S ( @6· ) 00 00 E * I 0 * 0 1 0 0 00 Spanish mackerel A 00 0 0 0 Scomberomorus S maculatus J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E Gulf flounder A 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O Southern flounder A O 0 0 O 0 O Paralichthys 00 00 lethostigma 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 E T M ST M ST M * T M ST M ST M ST M S STen Caloeosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults 3 Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, * - Seawater zone not present. L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 29 Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries iApacla- Andew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Red drum A 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 S Sciaenops J 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 ocellatus L 0 0 00 0 0 E Striped mullet A 6 ) 0 · 0 0 0 0 0 O Mugil cephalus J 0 0 00 1 L 0 O0 0 1 O0 0 E Code goby A 00 O O 0 0 S 00 O O 00 Gobiosoma 00 W 0 0 0 0 robustum L 00 @ 00 00 E 00 3 00 00 Spanish mackerel A 00 C 0 0 O 0 S Scomberomorus J0 0 0 0 0 0 0 maculatus L Gulf flounder A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S Parafichthys J 0 0o 00 0 00 C albigutta L 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 O 0 0 E Southern flounder A OO O 00000 00000 Paralichthys S eosigma JO 0000000 0 00000 L 00 00 00 00 00 00 E T M ST M S T M ST M ST M ST M S Apala- St. Choctaw- cApala- S t. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Salinity Zone Life Stage * Highly Abundant T - Tidal Fresh A - Adults i) Abundant M - Mixing S - Spawning adults 0 Common S - Seawater J - Juveniles Blank Rare, No Data Available, L - Larvae or Not Present E - Eggs 30 Index to Table 3: Page location of temporal distribution table for each species and estuary. Estuary Common and Scientific Name C Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Common rarigia (Rangia cuneata) Hard clam (Mercenana species) P.32 p. 33: p. 34 p. 35 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) Pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) White shrimp (Penaeus setifanis) Grass shrimp (Palkeemonetes pouglo) Spiny lobster (Panufirus argus) Gulf stone crab (Menippe adinia) P. 36 p. 37 p. 38 p. 39 Stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) Tarpon (Megalcps atlanticus) Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) Gulf menhaden (Brevoortiapatronus) Yellowfln menhaden (Bravoortia smith P. 40 P. 41 P. 42 p. 43 Say anchovy (Anchoa mitchilh) Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodion variegatus) Gulf killilish (Fundulus grandis) Snook (Cenftrpomus undecimalis) Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) p4 4p. 45 p. 46 p. 47 Blue runner (Caranx crysos) Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) Florida pompano (Trachinotus carofinus) Gray snapper (Lu(lanus griseus) Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) Sand sealrout (Cynoscion arenanus)p. 4 p 9 P.5 P . 1 Spotted seatrout (Cynosrion nebulosus)P.4 9p.5P 5 Spot (Lelostomus xanthurus) Atlantic croaker (Micropogonhas undulatus) Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)p. 5 p 3 p 4 P . 5 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) .5P 3P 4P 5 Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) 31 Table 3. Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species / Life Stage Bay scallop A S I I Argopecten J irradians L E [-- American oyster A i . .i .,i-..,,- ...m-=., l S O I 10 Crassostrea J i I virginica L O I ' E O[ 10 Common rangia A S Rangia J cuneata E Hard clam A S Mercenaria J species L E Brown shrimp A S Penaeus J aztecus L E Pink shrimp A S Penaeus iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii duorarum L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults E fl Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 32 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species / Life Stage Bay scallop A S Argopecten J irradians L E American oyster A I II I. i..iiiiii.i.iii-i iiii.i.iiii. iiiii.il S O I I I I CIir;-" ;.-".- r-"'"" ":-;'l Crassostrea J I I I iii -: iiiiii iiii !!!H.. virginica L I E - I I I!!!i i= il Common rangia A S - Rangia J ti:_.iiiii ji iii:ii:ii.:..:.:.: cuneata L Hard clam A I II I S I I I I I I Mercenaria J i i!iiiiiiiiT"iiiiii"i.iii ii I species L E L_ I _ I I Brown shrimp A S Penaeus J aztecus L E Pink shrimp A S Penaeus J iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii duorarum L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults [iiiiiii**iiiil Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles EI iCommon L- Larvae E - Eggs Blank Rare, No Data Available, or Not Present 33 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apaiachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Month JF MA MJJ ASO ND J FM AMJJASOND J FMAMJJASON D Species/Life Stage Bay scallop A S Argo pecten J I irradians L E American oyster A i ii::::.i::.::::.:::3i:........................ Crassostrea J i1,i o- .............. virginica L :: .: Common rangia A Ii.............................. Rangia J ... cuneataL Hard clam AI S Mercenaria J species L Brown shrimp A ...... S Penasus i l.z I aztecusL E Pink shrimp A Peniaeus J I duorarumL E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 34 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Month J F MA M JJA SON DJ F MAMVJ JASO N D J FM AM J JA SON0J F M AM J JA SON D Species/Life Stage Bay scallop A S Argopecten j irradians L E American oyster A i S Crassostrea j i virginica L E Common rangia A . ... . .i ... . ....z.t.... S Rangia . .... ... .L ...... .. ... .. ... ......., cuneata L - - Hard clam A III S Mercenaria jII species L E Brown shrimp A- S Penaeus aztecus L E Pink shrimp A S PenaGeus J I J 0 duora rum L E J F M A M JJ A SO0 N D J F M A MJ J A SO0N D J F MA M JJ A SO0 N D J F M A M J J A SON D Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults Abundant J - Juveniles EJ Common L -Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 35 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Month J F MAMJJASO N D J FMAMJJASO N D J F MAMJ J ASOND Species/Life Stage White shrimp A S Penaeus J setiferus L E Grass shrimp A S I I I Palaemonetes J r _ pugio L E _ = _ :II I I I [ Spiny lobster A M Panulirus J I argus L S Blue crab A Liii.ii....iiiii. i iiiiii ......iiii3!i .iiiiii-iiiiiiiiiii iiiii. iiiiiii.iiiiiiii M iiiiiijljiiiij iiiiij iifiiiiiiiiii iiil iiij i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiirii Callinectes J .iiii.!3333!3 i 3..........................331i .33 3 3 sapidus L i .........iii ... iiii. ........i..i 004 .iiiiiiii.iiiii.. iiiii3H . Zniiiii.i.iii. i S Gulf stone crab A M Menippe J adina L S Stone crab A II M M L |I r I r I I I Menippe J mercenaria L S I I I JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults 2fl Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae E - Eggs Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present M - Mating 36 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage White shrimp A S Penaeus J setiferus L E Grass shrimp A S ....n Palaemonetes J pugio L E Spiny lobster A M Panulirus J argus L S Blue crab A .!H3.!! ....................-.3.' !i3....3.i 3H......... . sapidus L t li;iiii-iiii-.iiz3iii-iiiiiiii-i3 i -i.iH ;I iiii-i.ii3!3!33!iiiiii3ii--ii;;iiii!3ii i Callinectes J . ............................................... ........ sapidus L V.- Gulf stone crab A M Menippe J adina L S Stone crab A I II M LJ E Menippe J II mercenaria L - - - I S I I I I I I JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Eiii Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae E -Eggs Blank Rare, No Data Available, M - Mating or Not Present 37 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage White shrimp A E i ii- S Penaeus J _I . ..... II_ setiferus L E Grass shrimp A i ..:....." '-"': rr':::.l S _=_ Iiliiliiitiiii i iiiiiiiliii.'iiiHijiiil Palaemonetes Ji .......................................I pugio L I =iiiiii-iii.iiiiii ! E I.i l..iiiiii'.i.:iii.iiiiiii.iiiii.'iii..."B.I Spiny lobster A L 1 M Panulirus J argus L S Blue crab A i i Callinectes J sapidus L S l! _," !,,'i. 1 i !i;iiii i iiii; iiiii : ::= : : ii:'.'!!!:'ii i F :'si= iii I F I Gulf stone crab A M I - I I r' - '- Menippe J adina L S I I I I Stone crab A M r Menippe - J mercenaria L I J S ! J JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults =,ie i ia Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L- Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, M - Mating or Not Present 38 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Month JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage White shrimp A ' j ' ' S Penaeus J I H.ii.iiii.i.iiiiiiiiiiil I i.iiii .iiiiiiiiiiiiiii II I.I r -=iii.i Hii I setiferus L E Grass shrimp A S _:::.:::. - Palaemonetes J ii.i.iiiiiiii. iiii................. pugio L .;i. r Spiny lobster A M Panulirus J argus L S Blue crab A ........... . ...... Blue crab A liiiiiiiiii iiii lliiilliiii iiiiiiiiiiiil liliiliiiiii=ii iii- iiiiiiiiiii iiill I I iii ii F'iiiiiiiii I Callinectes J iiii iiiiiiii ...iiiiii-iiiii l tiiiii= iiiiLiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil I sapidus sapidus li. i i!H.l I [111i HH i!!! !!:!l:i!!!HlI l-H::!! ::',:'-*.:[!!!!!!!!:.!i !!l::!:!H:!!!!::,!i!!!:.!l I I I :i! !!!_!!Hi!Hiii::::::::: "-:-" l S I Gulf stone crab A M Menippe J adina L S Stone crab A M Menippe J mercenaria L S JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults iii iiiiiiiiil Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae E - Eggs Blank Rare, No Data Available, M Mating or Not Present 39 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Bay Tan Thousand Is lands Caloosahatchee River Month J FMA MJ JASON D J FMAM JJASOND0 J FMA MJJASO0ND0 Species/Life Stage Tarpon A ....................... S Megalops J I I'........................... atlanticus L E Alabama shad A S Alosa alabamae L E Gulf menhaden A S Brevoortia J patronus L E Yellowfin menhaden A S Brevoortia J . :: ___ E Bay anchovy A Anchoaj mitchilliL E- Sheepshead minnow A .......... Cyprinodon JI::I.I variegatus L I E J FM A M JJA SON DJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L -Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 40 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Tarpon A iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii"iii"ii'"::. iiiiiiii.i..l _I '::"-."::" i S . i..ii.iiiiiiii.iiil.....iiiiii ij.... Megalops J l.iiii.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii I II atlanticus L L . _ E Alabama shad A L J S r Alosa J [ - alabamae L E Gulf menhaden A S Brevoortia J _ i patronus L _ E Yellowfin menhaden A . j S Brevoortia J I I ..iiiiii'iiiiiii.ii i...... smithi L E Bay anchovy A S - Anchoa J . :- . mitchilli L E Sheepshead minnow A I liiii - S I I - Cyprinodon J II _ M _ variegatus L E r I I ; !ir JF MAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND J FMAMJJAS'OND Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults ""-" Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles I- Common L- Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E- Eggs or Not Present 41 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachee Say Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Tarpon A S Megalops J atlanticus L E Alabama shad A S Alosa J alabamae L E Gulf menhaden A t t. S Brevoortia j f ..... patronus L mg 0 E Yellowfin menhaden A S Brevoortia J smithi L E Bay anchovy' A Anchaa ................... mitchilli . L... E BON Sheepshead minnow A 1:..... ........ ......... Cyprinodon S variegatus L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage - Highly Abundant A - Adults 0l Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 42 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Month J FM A MJ JA SOND J FM AMJ JA SON D J FM A M JJA SON D JF MAM J JA SON D Species/Life Stage Tarpon A S Magalops J II atlanticus L l E Alabama shad A S Alosa j alabamae L E Gulf menhaden A MF- s Brevoortia j - . - patronus L 1 i E Yellowfin menhaden A S Brevoortia J smithi L E Bay anchovy A-.-..- . S - Anchoa J mitchilli L E I Sheepshead minnow A ..i 5 5 'I I1 5z. S .. ..=... ..... .... ........ Cyproo I. 17.,. I. variegatus L - ._____ E - J FM A MJ JA SON D JFMAMJJASOND JFlMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Say Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults E J Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E-Eg or Not Present 43 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Month J FMA MJJASON DJ FM AM JJASOND J FMA MJ JASO N Species/Life Stage Gulf killifish AlI S I,....... ................... Fundulus ... . . . . . ....... grandis . . . . .. . . E Snook Ai i........ Centropomus J ........ ............. .......... .. undecimalis L E Bluefish A I S Pomatomus i saltatrix L E Biuerunner A S Caranx j C'rysos L E Crevalle jack A .................__ S Caranx.. hippos L E Florida pompano A S Trachinotus j E l carolinus L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles 1 Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 44 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Month J FMA MJJASO ND J FMAMJJASON D J FMA MJJASO0N D Species/Life Stage Gulf killifish A ........ . .i... S ......................... Fundulus j ...... grandis PR........ E Snook A. S Centropomus j ................... undecimalis L E Bluefish A Pomatomus salttix L E Bluerunner A i S Caranx jI crysos L E Crevalle lack A j S C aranix jI hippos L E Florida pompano A i....... . .... Trachinotus j ..... carolinus L E JF MA MJJASO ND JFM AMJJASON D J FMAMJJASO0ND0 Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults Abundant J - Juveniles Common L -Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 45 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Gulf killifish A iiiii.iii;iiiiii.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.11 I I I Fundulus J .iiiiiiiiiiiiii...iii-i-: : : ii.iiiiii{iiil i I . l I grandis L E C C J I I I Snook A S Centropomus J undecimalis L E Bluefish A I I I . iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Pomatomus J saltatrix L E Bluerunner A I _ _ . li S Caranx J L t _. _ crysos L E Crevalle jack A I I I S Caranx J hippos L E Florida pompano A r S Trachinotus J 1 carolinus L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults I iii ; Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L- Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 46 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Month JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJ ASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Gulf killifish A i I iiiiiiiii S I J I I tiD:" =-":: I -"" "--":'=""; Fundulus J " [ I I .--iEi-.ii3-i--iiii-iBiiiiiiiii-iiL:iii grandis L . . .. E I ] I . I iiJeri3 3i i Snook A S Centropomus J undecimalis L E Bluefish A E ..ii.i,. -=.-..: I J .ii . S Pomatomus J I , _ _ r saltatrix L E Bluerunner A I L J _ _ L J S Caranx crysos L E Crevalle jack A S Caranx j hippos L E Florida pompano A S Trachinotus j carolinus L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults ::-*i Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae E - Eggs Blank Rare, No Data Available, or Not Present 47 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Gray snapper A S Lutjanus J . iiii ..iiiiiiiiiii..iiii.iiiiii.iii 1 . griseus L E Pinfish A S Lagodon J jii. : :.iiiii.iiii II :ii.:_ I rhomboides L am E Sand seatrout A S Cynoscion J iiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii i arenarius E Spotted seatrout A i.iii I S I 3isii33i ii iiiiii iiji33iiiiiji 1 1 L I iii'iii;:ii:;.iiiiiii'i"iiiiii"ii II I I E L ii33i,":iii: i33!3!3!i!!i I I II Spot A S Leiostomus J xanthurus L liU. ....['" E Atlantic croaker A S E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults "i'-' Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L- Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 48 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Month JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Gray snapper A r S Lutjanus J I I I I griseus L E Pinfish A i_ S Lagodon J iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii rhomboides L -I I 1 E Sand seatrout A .... iiiiiiiii.iiiiiiiiii ..... S S _ 1ieliiieiei I ieieiifiiiiiii I I 1 Cynoscion J i s arenarius L eli I iiiiiiiiiiiiii I E E . . . ......i . . .i.iiiiii 1 1 1 Spotted seatrout A IIiiiii .......iiiiiigiii.....lii..iii.iiiii.iiiiiiiiii S S I iiII l-.iiiii iiliiiijjjiijijjjGi | |1 1 = = Cynoscion J .i.i.i.iiiiiiiiiii..iiiiiii.. i . iiiiiiiiiiiiii.iiiiriii.iii nebulosus L I lse. L : ii:iiiiiii:iiiiiii siiiiiiii a r altn E r iZi-isrjiiiiiisririsEaRSiEZi iZiisiiii I I I lii1 = 1 i iii iii Spot A iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ... S Leiostomus J i xanthurus L E Atlantic croaker A S Micropogonias J undulatus L _ E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A -Adults iii iiiJiiiiil Abundant S - Spawning adults @E5 Abundant J -Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 49 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Month JF-MAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Gray snapper A J S Lutjanus jI griseus L E Pinfish A I ! !L!i S Lagodon ............ rhomboides L 0 E Sand seatrout A ................ S Cynoscion i j arenarius L E Spotted seatrout Aii S Cynoscion J nebulosus L Spot A - S Leiostomus i n :.:--: !- ........... xanthurus L E l c E Atlantic croaker A S Micropogonias jI undulatus L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND J FM AM J JA SON D Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults E fl Abundant J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 50 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Month J F MAM J JA SON DJ FM A M JJ A SOND J F MAM J JA SOND J FM AM J JA SON 0 Species/Life Stage Gray snapper A - S Lutianus j 0 gliseus L E Pinfish A . . . .. . ........ L a godon j at:.:zu::::znz::::z::zzIhi ...!!ui . . . . . . . . . ::z:::th nI: Is:: nt: rhomboides L 5o E Sand seatrout A . . . . ....... ... ............... arenarius L E lea Spotted seatrou t A H...::: M MM..I HUH:I ::2:: I S Cynoscion J ... ....-.--...*...... nebulosus . . ... ........ ..... E Spot A i.......... . .......-.....-...... S Leiostomus j i...- xanthurus L MEN= E Atlantic croaker A .. . .... S Micropogonias j E l m I - undultsL ______ ____ E JFMAMJJASO ND J FMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJA8OND Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L -Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E-Eg or Not Present Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Red drum A S Sciaenops J I I Ei-.i'iii.i.:.IIIIiiii.....iii.i.iiiii.iiiil ocellatus L E Striped mullet A '1 liiii:ii:i..:l I I S Mugil J _ _ cephalus L E Code goby A S ! i.-'ii li:.-'1iiiil . ' .: iliii;Hiii"i"i: | | Gobiosoma I robustum L era LE i -"." _r _1 l ' _ . =s.r_...._1 ... I.-..== Spanish mackerel A I I S Scomberomorus j maculatus L E Gulf flounder A [ I S Paralichthys j albigutta L E Southern flounder A S Paralichthys J lethostigma L E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults fiiiiiii3 Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L- Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 52 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Red drum A I II II S Sciaenops j K.... -- ........-..-..- .i. !.. ..Jl . ocellatus L [ 0 .r - E Striped mullet A ..I:.... .I.... Ii.iiiiiii"i"i: i............ii-l.".."." S Mugil J I .......- : ..""... cephalus L E Code goby A S i :'."il iiit- " I-'I Gobiosoma J II 1?l.-'r"-:"'i II robustum L E I I Spanish mackerel A i S Scomberomorus J maculatus L E Gulf flounder A S Paralichthys J I albigutta L I E Southern flounder A S Paralichthys J lethostigma L r E JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Charlotte Harbor Tampa Bay Suwannee River Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults iiiiiiiii jj il Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 53 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Month JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Red drum A ............ Sciaenops j I I ocellatus L c E Striped mullet A I ""I............ S Mugil ..................... cephalus L c E Code goby A iI... Gobiosoma j .. . . . .... I. ...... robustum L E Spanish mackerel A ....... ... S Scomberomorus j maculatus ...... E Gulf flounderA S Paralichthys j i albiguttaL E Southern flounder A i i S Paralichthys j Ii let ho stigma L c E J FMA MJ JA SON D J F MAM J JA SON D J F MA M JJASO N D Apalachee Bay Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A - Adults Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L -Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 54 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Month JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Species/Life Stage Red drum A I i C r S Sciaenops j I II II ocellatus L E Striped mullet A I I iiiiiiii S Mugil J I.l. iiiii..: .ii iiiiiii. .iiii.iiii l li.iiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiii ii-iHi:l I I iLiiiiiiHiii: , uiii;: iii:iii; iiiuii cephalus L I tiii l E Code goby A I II Gobiosoma j , I robustum L E I J I I J r-I Spanish mackerel A I -' [ ] =; . ir..i I I'"'"- S Scomberomorus J maculatus L E Gulf flounder A I I S Paralichthys J ] I J t albigutta L c I E Southern flounder A I I S Paralichthys J I II II lethostigma L E JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND Choctawhatchee Bay Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Mobile Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Relative Abundance Life Stage Highly Abundant A -Adults I""""""'I Abundant S - Spawning adults J - Juveniles Common L - Larvae Blank Rare, No Data Available, E - Eggs or Not Present 55 Index to Table 4: Page location of data reliability table for each species and estuary. Estuary Common and Scientific Name Bay scallop (Argopecten irradans) American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Common ranigia (Rangia cuneata)575 Hard clam (Mercenania species)P.SP.5 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) Pink shrimp (Penraeus duoranum) White shrimp (Penaeus sefifenus) Grass shrimp (Palaamonetes puglo) Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) Gulf stone crab (Menippe adina) P. 59 P. 60 Stone crab (Menippe mercenania) Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) Tarpon (Megaloos atlantficus) Alabama shad (Alasa alabam ae) Gulf menhaden (Bre voort a patronus) :.6 Yellowfin menhaden (Brevoorba smithi)o 1 *6 Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegalus) Gull killifish (Fundulus grandis) Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) Bluefish (Pomatomus salltfrix) Blue runner (Caranx crysos) p. 63 p. 64 Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) Florida pompano (Trachrinotus carolinus) Gray snapper (Lulianus griseus) Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenanuvs) Spotled sealrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) P. 65 P. 66 Spot (Leiostomus xanfhurus) Atlantic croaker (Alicropogonias undulatus) Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Striped mullet (Mugul cephalus) Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)p.6 P .8 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus)P.6P.6 Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigmao 56 Table 4. Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage Bay scallop A *· O I * · S · El El O El * ·E Argopecten J * ii 0 1 U i irradians L * E *· EI I O E · *1 American oyster A * * U U * I S · i O i i i i Crassostrea J i i virginica L O EJ E · I O El El El li Common rangia A El 13 S * * E· · · El Il Rangia J * 0 E El cuneata L * iE E * El El El El El Hard clam A · U · [ · [ S · · * 0 El 3 0 Mercenaria J O species L E · · · lO I [ 0 Brown shrimp A El O El O * O S 0C * · · · · · Penaeus J i O E aztecus L 13 0 L O * * * · · Pink shrimp A · · · · · I3 El Penaeus S duorarum J · · 0 El · i[ · L · · · · · iI El E. · · · · · · · Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage U Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults 13 Moderately Certain J -Juveniles O Reasonable Inference L- Larvae E - Eggs 57 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachi- St. Chocta- pcola- Andrew watchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile cola Andrew watchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage Bay scallop A O · · l· · S EI II · · · · Argopecten J · [] irradians L E E · · · · American oyster A IE El · S 13 13 i] · l Crassostrea J i [i i · i virginica L E O o L li] F] B I 0 U [] E E O * Common rangia A El 13 El El O Ei S I i i I i I Rangia J n l ] cuneata L E L El 13 El El El El E [ IN [ [ [[ Hard clam A * OI [I · I S · EI El · I E3 Mercenaria J · species L * E · El 3 · ] EE Brown shrimp A *· * * El * S · * * * Penaeus J * * aztecus L * E · · · · · · Pink shrimp A 3 · · *· E Penaeus S duorarum J · · · · · · L R I · · [ E · · · · · · Apalachi- St. Chocta- Apalachi- St. Chocta- Pensacola Perdido Mobile cola Andrew watcheey Bay Bay Bay By Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A-Adults S - Spawning adults Ml Moderately Certain J -Juveniles O Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 58 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thoend Chalhsae Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Tshoands Ratciee Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage White shrimp A * * * ii S · · · · · · I Penaeus j * setiferus L E · · · · · * Grass shrimp A E[ El El [ ] El n o S 13 3 E Ei El O El Palaemonetes J [ ] M l [] O O pugio L i i i9 i I E EL IE E E[ I1 I0 Spiny lobster A El 3 · El El El M · · * * · [ O Panulirus J [] I I I E argus L * S * · · · · I 13 Blue crab A 1E * · · El 0 13 M I · · · El E 13 Callinectes J IN o i EE sapidus L O O S EI · · · l El O Gulf stone crab A * * * * * O ° Menippe J * adina L * L · · · · · [ [] S *· · · · · C [ Stone crab A · * El [ · EI O M * · 13 0 · El O Menippe J o I E * O mercenaria L · · [ [] IEl S · · E l · I[ [ Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands - River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults 1E Moderately Certain J - Juveniles E[ Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs M - Mating 59 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apalachi- St. Chocta- PnaoaPrioMbl cola Andrew whatchee PenayoBay Prdo MBile Bay Bay Bay BaBy By Species/Life Stage White shrimp A jI U 0 ii 9i li Penaeus j IN Im i setiferus L ON E 9i U a Grass shrimp A El ii ii li I Palaemonetes j jj 9 LII i pugio L El [lI ILILI Spiny lobster A LII U U U Panulirus j 9 argus L M Blue crab A 9I 9I LII A I I I Callinectes j Aj LIN ili sapidus L 0 1 07 Gulf stone crab A O 0 0 000 M C 0 Menippe j Q ElQ 0 adina L El 0 00 0 El 01 0 0 0 Stone crab A C: a a U U Menippe 1: mercenaria L C D U Apalachi- St. Chocta- PnaoaPrioMbl cola Andrew whatchee Penayolay Prio MBile Bay Bay Bay BaBy By Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage 0 Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults I! Moderately Certain i - Juveniles 0: Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs M - Mating 60 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida ThuadhtheCharlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Thoslands Rivcer Harbor Say River Bay Species/Life StageIsadRie Tarpon Al I!] i ii 9i U E Megalops j 171i i UE atlanticus L 0 3913N01 Alabama shad A UUUUUI Alosaj * lU alabamae L * iU Gulf menhaden A U li ii E U E S U 9i U W U 03 U Brevoortia j * 9i El o3 i patronus L * Cl FR E U i U 0 U Yellowfin menhaden A ElE UI 0 11i 5 0 W U U U El U Brevoortia j 13 IN IN IN 0 El H smithi L 0 I NI 0 13IW Bay anchovy A ii E l Hi HI 11 0 S li I Hi 9 HI A l Anchoa i o HI HI 0 H mitchilli L HI HI 1 11 0 H E HI H] HIU IEl Sheepshead minnow A HI H] C1 A IH l S HI HI HI HI 1 El Cyprinodon HI 9 HI0 variegatus L no Fu ii HIo9 E HI 19 HI 9IH lH Florida Teosnd Catchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Thoslands Rivcer Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults 91 Moderately Certain J - Juveniles El Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 6 1 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatchee Spe chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Species/Life Stage ay Bay Bay Tarpon A I 0 O l E l S I · · · · · Megalops J IN 1 0O 0 3 1 atlanticus L I 9 O I E · · 0 · · Alabama shad A 13 IE * S El · · · · · Alosa J i i i* · El alabamae L I E l El * E · ·O Gulf menhaden A El El l l 9 S · · i i · · Brevoortia j o E9 3 ] 3 [] patronus L i i O E E * · El · El O Yellowfin menhaden A * * * * * U S · · · · · · Brevoortia j * smithi L E * · · · · · Bay anchovy A 0 I3 El El 0 I3 S * 13 li El O i Anchoa J 17 mitchilli L E i IN I N O O Sheepshead minnow A i0 3 3 S C E1 0 3 3 i Cyprinodon J [ 0 OE variegatus L 1 7 0 9 I E O E 0 mm 3 El Apala- St. Choctaw- chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults 13 Moderately Certain J - Juveniles [O Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 62 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay oIslands River Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage Gulf killifish A O El El N I13 0 0 S 0 O E E l 1 0ii Fundulus J El 1 El 9 O E grandis L O ° 9 I E O O I El O [O O Snook A 13 0 0 * Ei [] [E S El 1 0 El E U 0 Centropomus J E 1 0 undecimalis L i O L E O O OC I[ O E []1 [ El [] [ [] [ Bluefish A I13 El *] [ [ 10 S * * * * * * U Pomatomus J I! 0 19 1 i C saltatrix L E * 0 E [ [ · [ · [] Bluerunner A I 0 13 0 1[3 I S · · O · · O · Caranx J l! O EI Cl 0 I crysos L * 0 a 1O O 0 E · * O *· · O O Crevalle jack A EI C 0 13 1 El S * * O] * [] * [ Caranx O hippos L * * L IN ] ] [ ] [ E * *] [ * IE O Florida pompano A El El · * El i3 E S · · · · · 1 · Trachinotus J t u I O j carolinus L · · · · · El [] Ten Caloosa- Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults 13 Moderately Certain J - Juveniles El Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 63 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile chicola Andrew hatcheeBaByBy Species/Life Stage Bay Bay S ay BaBy By Gulf killifish A 0i lLIE I Fundulus j F1I El LINI grandis L 0 l o 7 E Q LI IN El IM Snook A LI U 0 U S El 0 U a Centropomus j 13 0 undecimalis L Bluefish A E I I I I I Pomatormus J El LI LIN FBII saltatrix L Bluerunner A ElOILII I I S El U U U Caranx j 0jj I crysos L 0 E El U U U Crevalle jack A El 9I El13 I S El 0 U Caranx J El I N LI hippos L E Florida pompano A LILI IL]ULI Trachinotus LI JI ii carolinusL NNFB E LI W U 0 9 I A pala- St. Choctaw- PnaoaPrioMbl chicola Andrew hatchee Penayolay Prdo MBile Bay Bay Bay BaBy By Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage U Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults LI Moderately Certain J - Juveniles El Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 64 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Teosnd hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Ba Thoslands Rivcer Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life Stage a sad ie Gray snapper A U ! !I Sm U U I Lutjanus j l1INii griseus L * EU U U E Pinfish A U ii i SU U U U U U U Lagodon i i iI .i rhomboides L *i i Sand seatrout A U 19 El El 171 0 Cynoscion j arenaniusL * EllU Spotted seatrout A U E iE Cynoscion j * nebulosus L E El EU iE lE Spot A U U 110 17-1 E S U U U UE Leiostomus j iii i[iE xanthurus L * ilEll E U E Atlantic croaker A U U1 UU I Micropogonias j * 9lQE undulatus n *o E U Ten Caloosa- CalteTmaSwne plce Florida Thousand hatchee Calte TmaSwne plce Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults Moderately Certain S - Spawning adults El Moderately Certain J - Juveniles 0 Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 65 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species/Life Stage Gray snapper A O O [0 13 * E S * * * * * U Lutjanus J c [E ii [ El griseus L E E [E * * * * · Pinfish A Eii El E ii O S * · · * Lagodon J E] 13 i rhomboides L E [] *] i * * · Sand seatrout A Mmii no El I S * 3 El [El [3 El Cynoscion J arenarius L ii oi E ii M I 0 Ol El Spotted seatrout A [O i i ii ElI il S i l ii Cynoscion J i i o ii i nebulosus L O E 0 13 El El Spot A ii n i El O O I S * · * · I · Leiostomus j l xanthurus L * i ii i i I] E Ui · ·- U · Atlantic croaker A El E O E O li S · * * i o · Micropogonias j E3 E] O El undulatus E * ] O * * * Apala- St. Choctaw- chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults El Moderately Certain J - Juveniles Cl Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 66 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Florida Tenhlousandhtce Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands hatcer Harbor Bay River Bay Species/Life StageBaIsndRie Red drum A jiI jIiH lI S roIi i II l Sciaenops j HINiliH ocellatus L 19 HI HI N H I l El HIUHIH El 13 Striped mullet A Ii no HI IiH C S HI W U U Mugil i HI H 0iH IH cephalus L HnoIHIH E HI UUU Code goby A El HI 13 ElHIEl Gobiosoma j i 9 lii no robustum L HI El 130 o Spanish mackerel A HI n o HIElUEl Scombemomorus i IH lH lH maculatus L * Gulf flounder A IiH I IH El E S U Parafichthys j i FIj 1I i E H let ho stigma L 9 me90 1 E U U U U Southern flounder A El1 U El E IH S U U 0 Paralichthys j 0 1 albigutta L *E lH Ten Caloosa- Florida'huad ace Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands River Harbor Bay River Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage 0 Highly Certain A - Adults 9 Moderately Certain S - Spawning adults HI Moderately Certain J - Juveniles El Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 67 Table 4 (continued). Data reliability Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Apala- St. Choctaw- chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Species / Life Stage Red drum A I i [ i i i S [ * O * [ [ Sciaenops J [] O E i O ocellatus L 0 E 3El O l E Striped mullet A El L i i i O S · · · · · · Mugil J [ O Eli i[ cephalus L E · · U · · · Code goby A I 1 i i ·O S i i ] ·U Gobiosoma J [ E3 9] 0 O robustum L E El El El 13 0 U Spanish mackerel A EO O ] [O S · · · · · · Scomberomorus J E O i i maculatus L * E · * · · * · Gulf flounder A O El IN3 E [O S · · · · · · Paralichthys J E [I FB I[ lethostigma L 0 E · · · · · · Southern flounder A O El EI l l Ei S · · · · · · Paralichthys J i i albigutta L F an n i E · · · · · · Apala- St. Choctaw- chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Bay Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Reliability Life Stage * Highly Certain A - Adults S - Spawning adults El Moderately Certain J - Juveniles 0 Reasonable Inference L - Larvae E - Eggs 68 .0 - - -.. - --. I .- 1! Index to Table 5: Page location of presence/absence table for each species and estuary. Estuary Common and Scientific Name C '$ ' c q Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) American oyster (Crassosbrea virginica) Common rangia (Rangia cuneata) H-ard clam (Mercenatia species) Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) Pink shrimp (Penaeus ducrarum) White shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) p. 70 P. 71 Grass shrimp (Palaamonetas pugip) Spiny lobster (Panufirus argus) Gull stone crab (Menippe adina) Stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) Blue crab (Cailinectes sapidus) Tarpon (Megakips atlanticus) Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae) Gulf menhaden (Bra vooria patronus) Yellowfin menhaden (Bra voorfia smithh Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchill,) Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon vadegatus) Gull killifish (Fundulus grandis) p. 72 p. 73 Snook (Centropomus undecimnalis) Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatnix) Blue runner (Caranx crysos) Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) Gray snapper (Lulianus gnseus) Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides Sand seatrout (Cynoscdon arenanus) Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) p. 74 p. 75 Red drum (Sc.'aenops ocellatus) Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum) Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculat us) Gull flounder (Parafichthys albigutta) Southemn flounder (Paralichthys Iethostigma) *Table 5 was revised in December 1990. This copy differs slightly from earlier printings. 69 Table 5. Presencelabsence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 112/90). Florida Ton Thousanc Catdosa- Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands hatces Harbor Bay River S ay Species T M S T M S T M* T M S T M S T M S T M S Bay scallop A 444 4 -4 4 '14' Argopecten S 4 1 4 44 44 irradians L 4 4 44 44 American oyster A'1 4444444 Crassastrea 44 44 4 44 vinginica L 4 4'4 4 44 Common rangia, A '14 44.A4, 4 44 44 cuneata L 4 4 '14 4'1 4 Hard clam A4444 Mercenaria 4 1 species L i Brown shrnmp A 4 4 '14. 4 Penaeus aztecus L 4 44 Pink shrimp A4 Penaeus duorarum L 44 4 E White shrimp A44. 4 4 Penaeus setifLerus E, Grass shrimp A44 4 4 44 44 4 4 4 Palkemonetes '144 44444 '4 Spiny lobster A 44 Panulirus M argusL S Gulf stone crab A444 Menippe j 44 adina L 44 Stone crab A 44 4444 444 Menippe M 44 4444 444 mercenaria 'j 4 1 414 44 L '4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 Blue crab A4 4 4 4444 444 Caffinectes M444 44 sapidus i'411111' 4 4 4 4 4 L 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 S 4 4 4 4 T M S T M ST M T TM S T M S T M S T M S Florida Ten Thousand Caloosa Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands hatces Harbor Bay River Bay Legend: T =Tidal fresh zone A = Adult 4=Species/lifestage is present M =Mixing zone S = Spawning adult Blank =Species/lifestage is not present S -Seawater zone J =Juvenile Salinity zone is not present L =Larvae E =Egg 70 M = Mating Table 5, continued. Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90). Apalachicola St. Andrew Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay hatchee Bay Bay Bay S ay Species T M S T M S T M S T M. S T M S T M S Bay scallop A 4 4 4 44 4 Argopecten 4 4 '/.4 irradiansL 4 4 4 4 American oyster A 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 Crassostrea S virginica L 44 4 44 Common rangia A 44 . 4 4 4 Rangia 4 4 4 4 4 cuneataL.44 44 4.44 L 4 444 4 Hard clam, A444 4 4 4 Mercenania 4 4 4 4 . species L i 444 Brown shrimp A 4. .4 4 44 Penaeus j 44 . 4 44 444 aztecus L 44 44 4 .4 .4 E Pink shrimp A 44 4444444 Penaeus duoranurn L 4 44 44 44 E White shrimp A 44 44 4 44 4 41444 Penaeus setiferus L 4 - - :4 - 4 4 4 E Grass shrimp A 4 4 4 4 4 ' Palaemnonetes S 4 4 4 44 . 4 pugio L 4 4 4 44 Spiny lobster A4 Panufirus M J argus L S Gulfistone crab A 444444444 Menippe M 444 444 444 adina L 44 4444 444 Stone crab A 4 4 Menippe M 4 4 mercenaria i L 4 Blue crab A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Callinectes M4 4444 4 44 sapidus i L 44 4444 44 4 5 444 T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Apalachicola St. Andrew Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay hatchee Bay Bay Bay S ay Legend: T =Tidal fresh zone A = Adult 4=Species/lifestage is present M =Mixing zone S = Spawning adult Blank =Species/ifestage is not present S =Seawater zone J = Juvenile L = Larvae E =Egg 71 M = Mating Table 5, continued. Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90). Florida Ton T housand Clsa Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands hatcer Harbor Bay River S ay Species T M S T M S T M* T M S T M S T M S T M S Tarpon A4 44 4.. 4 4.44 4 44 4 4 .4 Megalops. 4 atlanficus J 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 Alabama shad A4 4 Alosa 4 alab amae 44 L 4 E4 Gulf mnhaden A4 4 4 4 444 . Brevortia S patrnu 4 4 A 4 4 E Yellowfin menhaden A44 .44 Brevoortia smithi J4 4 4 4 44.. 4 E Bay anchovy A4 ,4 44 4 .4...44.444 Anchoa S .44 4 44 44 4 mitchilhik4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Sheepshead minnow A44 4 444 4 4 4 4 4 Cypiinodon S 4 4 4 444 4 4 4 vaniegatus i4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 Gulf killifish A 44 4 . 44 . 4 . 4 4 4 4 . . Fundulus s4444 4 4 44 44 4 44 grandis J444.*4 4 4 . 4 4 4 E4 4444 4 4 44 44414.4.-4.4 4 Snook A .444444 4 4 4 4 4 4 Centropomus S undscimalis i 4 4 4 44 4 4 Bluefish A 4 44 4 4 Pomatomus saltafrix J 4 44 . L E Blue runner A.4.4 .4444 Caranx crysosJ .4. . 4. L E Crevailejack A 44444. 444 .4 Caranx hippos L E Florida pompano A44.4444 Trachinotus carofinus 4 4 L E T M S T M S T M* T M S T M S T M S T M S Caloosa- Florida Ten Thousand h tesCharlotte ITampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands Rivcer Harbor S ay River Bay Legend: T =Tidal fresh zone A = Adult 4=Species/lifestage is present M =Mixing zone S = Spawning adult Blank =Species/lifestage is not present S Seawater zone J = Juvenile *=Salinity zone is not present L = Larvae E =Egg 72 Table 5, continued. Presencelabsence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12190). Apalachicola St. Andrew Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Species T M ST M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Tarpon A4 4 44 4 4 . 4 Megalops S atlanticus 4 4 4 4 44 4 L 444 4 E Alabama shad A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Alosa s4 alabamae J4 4 444 L4 E4 Gulf menhaden A 444:4. 4 . 4 4 4 -4 4 Brevoorta j4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 patronusL4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .4 4 E Yellowfin menhaden A Brevoortia S smithi L E Bay anchiovy A4 4 4 4 4 444 4 4 Anchoa 5 4 4 * mitcheilliJ 4 4 44 4 4 44 4 L 4.4 -4 4 4 44 4 Sheepshead minnow A 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Cyprnodon S4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 variegatus J4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 Gulf killifish A 44 4 4 4 4 : 4 Fundulus s4 4 4 44 44 4 grandis j.- 4 4 4 44 4 44 4. 4 LA4 4 4 4 -4 -4 4 4 -4 -4 -444 4 4 E4 4444444 444 Snook A4 4 Centropomus S undecimalis L E Bluefish A 4 . 4 4 4 4 Pomatomnus 8 saltatrix J 444 44 4444 L Blue runner A444444 Caranx L E Crevalle jack A 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 444 Caranx hippos L E Florida pompano A44 4 44 4 Trachinotus Carolinus J44 4 4 4 4 4 L4 E4 T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Apalachicola St. Andrew Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay hatchee Bay Bay Bay Bay Legend: T =Tidal fresh zone A = Adult 4=Species/lifestage is present M =Mixing zone S = Spawning adult Blank =Species/lifestage is not present S =Seawater zone J = Juvenile L = Larvae E =Egg 73 Table 5, continued. Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90). Florida Ten Thousand Caloosa Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands hatces Harbor Bay River S ay Species T M S T M S T M 'TM S T M S T M S T M S Gray snapper A 44 4 4 Lu janus 44 4 4 4 4 gniseus L i. 4 4 4 4 - 4 - E Pinfish A44 '4 '' 4 4 4 Lagodon rhomboides J4 1 4 4 1 4 44 444 E Sand seatrout A 4 4<V 4 4 44q Cynoscion J 44 -41-4 -J 4 -4 -4 arenaniusL4 4444 . 44 Spotted seatrout A 444 4444 4 44 Cynoscl on s 14 nebulosus L 4 4 4 4 4 44 Spot A 4 4 4 4 4 4 Lelostomus xanthurus L4- 4 E Atlantic croaker A.4 4 4 4 4 Micropogonias 4 44 44 4 4 4 undulatus L J E Red drumn A 44 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 Sciaenops 4 . ocellatzjs J 4 4 44 .44 4 E 4 4.444 Striped mullet A 44 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 Mugils cephalus J 444 E Code goby A44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Gobiosoma S 44 4 44 4 4 4. 4 robustum J 44 j4 44 4 44.-4 444 L 4 E44 4 4 44 4 444 Spanish mackerel A 4 4 44 44 Scomberomorus maculatus LJ 44 4444 4444 E Gulf flounder A 4 444 44 4 Parafichthys 44 4 4 4 4 4 albigulta J E Southern flounder A 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Paralich hy Iefthslgma L44444 E T M S T M S T M T M S T M S T M S T M S Florida Ten Thousand ao o a Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee Bay Islands hatchee Harbor Bay River Bay River Legend: T = Tidal fresh zone A = Adult '1=Species/litfestage is present M - Mixing zone S = Spawning adult Blank =Species/lifestage is not present S = Seawater zone J = Juvenile *= Salinity zone is not present L = Larvae E =Egg 7 Table 5, continued. Presencelabsence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90). Apalachicola St. Andrew Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay hatchee Say Say D ay Bay Species T MS T M ST MS T M S T M S T M S Gray snapper A 4 4 4 44 44 444 4 Lu ianus J 4 4 444444 4 4444-V 4 griseus L E Pinfish A 4 44 4 4 4 4 Lagodon dhomboides L J E Sand seatrout A 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 arenanus 'J 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 L 41 4 4 4 4 4i 4 4 4 -4 Spotted seatrout A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Cynoscion S ' nebulosus L 44 44 4 4 Spot A 44 4 4 4 4 44 4 Leiostornus xanthurus L -4- . - -4 4 4 1 4 --4 4 4 4 4 4 4 E Atlantic croaker A 444444444 Micropagonias 4 undulatus L 4 4 4 4 4 4 E Red drum A44 4 4 44 4 Sciaenops J4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 ocellatus L 4J4 4 44 Striped mullet A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Mugils cephalus j 4 4 4 4 4 4 L 4 4 4 4 4 4 E Code goby A44 4 4 4 4 44 Gobiosoma J4 4 4 44 4 4 4 robusturm L 4 4 4 4 4 - 4 4 4 4 -4 E 44 4 44 44 4 Spanish mackerel A 444444444 Scomberomorus macuatus J 44 4 4 4 4 44 maculatus L E Gulf flounder A 444 44 4 44 Paralichthys 444 44 44 albigutla L i 4 4 E Southern flounder A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 * Paralichthys 44 4 44 4 44 4 4 lethostigma L 4 4 4 4 44 E T1 M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S Apalachicola St. Andrew Choctaw- Pensacola Perdido Mobile Bay Bay hatchee Bay Bay S ay Bay Legend: T Tridal fresh zone A = Adult 4Specles/lifestage is present M = Mixing zone S = Spawning adult Blank =Species/lifestage is not present S = Seawater zone J = Juvenile L = Larvae E =Egg 7 Appendices Appendix 1. Gulf of Mexico ELMR species list Appendix 2. Gulf of Mexico ELMVR estuary list Appendix 3. National Estuarine Inventory map of Mobile Bay Appendix 4. Species profile and sample data sheet: blue crab Appendix S. Table of references and personal communications Appendix 6. Personal communications Appendix 7. References 76 Scientific Name Common Name Argopecten irradians bay scallop Crassostrea virginica American oyster Rangia cuneata common rangia Mercenaria species hard clam Lolliguncula brevis bay squid * Penaeus aztecus brown shrimp Penaeus duorarum pink shrimp Penaeus setiferus white shrimp Palaemonetes pugio grass shrimp Panulirus argus spiny lobster t Callinectes sapidus blue crab Menippe adina gulf stone crab Menippe mercenaria stone crab t Carcharhinus leucas bull shark * Megalops atlanticus tarpon Alosa alabamae Alabama shad Brevoortia patronus gulf menhaden Brevoortia smithi yellowfin menhaden t Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad * Anchoa mitchilli bay anchovy Arius felis hardhead catfish * Cyprinodon variegatus sheepshead minnow Fundulus grandis gulf killifish Menidia species Atlantic silversides * Centropomus undecimalis snook Pomatomus saltatrix bluefish Caranx crysos blue runner t Caranx hippos crevalle jack Trachinotus carolinus Florida pompano Lutjanus griseus gray snapper Archosargus probatocephalus sheepshead * Lagodon rhomboides pinfish Bairdiella chrysoura silver perch * Cynoscion arenarius sand seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus speckled seatrout Leiostomus xanthurus spot Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic croaker Pogonias cromis black drum * Sciaenops ocellatus red drum Mugil cephalus striped mullet Gobiosoma robustum code goby Scomberomorus maculatus Spanish mackerel Paralichthys albigutta gulf flounder Paralichthys lethostigma southern flounder * These eight species are included in the Western Gulf of Mexico data base and Texas ELMR report, but are not included in this report. Data for these species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries are now being compiled. t These four species are included in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico data base and this report, but are not included in the ELMR Texas report. Data for these species in Western Gulf of Mexico estuaries are now being compiled. 77 Ff O-rO KWN 4 n I; KM I Estuary State Eastern Gulf of Mexico (13 estuaries): Florida Bay Florida Ten Thousand Islands Florida Charlotte Harbor Florida Caloosahatchee River Florida Tampa Bay Florida Suwannee River Florida Apalachee Bay Florida Apalachicola Bay Florida St. Andrew Bay Florida Choctawhatchee Bay Florida Pensacola Bay Florida Perdido Bay Florida/Alabama Mobile Bay Alabama Central Gulf of Mexico (9 estuaries): Mississippi Sound Alabama/Mississippi Breton/Chandeleur Sounds Louisiana Lake Borgne Louisiana Lake Pontchartrain Louisiana Mississippi River Louisiana Barataria Bay Louisiana Terrebonne/Timbalier Bays Louisiana Atchafalaya and Vermilion Bays Louisiana Calcasieu Lake Louisiana Western Gulf of Mexico (9 estuaries): Sabine Lake Louisiana/Texas Galveston Bay Texas Brazos River Texas Matagorda Bay Texas San Antonio Bay Texas Aransas Bay Texas Corpus Christi Bay Texas Laguna Madre Texas Baffin Bay Texas 78 National Estuarine Atlas Mobile Bay PHYSICAL AND HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS - AL PHYSICAL FRESHWATER INFLOW TIDAL DATA0 03160204 ::z- ol00 I :. 11·1. IB) · ( )1.a 11 ,2n.. oo oo iw, an. 00 01..wgoo. 020 1,'-- a· . ·03160204 00 o u ·hU* In· O a e D 31ft cis ·n nlm) I'ft. m a I) U) D U, A LALA AMA .5 F- P.- .1 -- .-. 0317008 Mi 0 3 'LEro- DWI 000000. On. )D, ID· n.Oouooooion o .. 00 0045 00P- armml + I ide Gage rs 0000000004.000. MO 00o.Ft p o,0o I Oof l I Cr TdlFesh Zoeten I ..I 03140106 S aaerZn .I·I D pY1 1 1141 lI n WD i CunyBondr Irydg·LplauYI·Uon ·u g·UNI ous Uul m Saint ZneBunar Lw aiailt IMonqnlDI I*L nynr-eraa A ' I )L rmlp a US L TID·P.ID MISliiyZoaBonay odrt Vrablt NINE E litists GULF __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ /' [j F In Gage Rai., -as2 :. 03160205 'ro Eslooalnn Doaiooage Area (EDA) 9 90l Tidal Fresh Zone lisAp dx a. 1976 Atud 031909 [9 Mflong Zone 031 401 ( III] Seawaler Zone 1973 L'.g. 1981 Olm and a uh m. 1 Hydarlogi Caallogg Uni Boundary Saliedy Zone Booordaoy Low Variabilily Hole,. N Saliioiy Zone Boundary Moderale Varrabilily APyroxomarely 4045 01 Esuarone Ooaooage Amea as Showrn on map O ApnIll ai a. I9lE Aponi0od haocey. 1979 sboor. 3972 Bionlram. 19e2- Coano. i971 loSGnot.0.o 00 0 ,.00 ..02 0 00 · Hamoos. 1973 Liora. 1960 iOln and Biorjhaoo. 197? Roilons. eai a. 1963 Sclrioolder. 00000i000m O00000.090g002.o r * n0210t0000no000O00.u 1977 Sciohead.. 1979 Stiooed., and Lysngeor. 19re US Dlepaflrooo al c0m- 0 0 "a n .00 0,000 0 8 l 24 MILES meiCo. 1983a Cr-.000 io.0..o. 0_0 00 0 to 20 30 40 KILOMETERS Wff 3.11 Blue crab Callinectes sapidus It * I Adult ....- (from Perry et al. 1984) o 5 cm Common Name: blue crab the other 25% are probably sold live for boiling or Scientific Name: Callinectes sapidus steaming (Perry et al. 1984). The blue crab fishery also supports a small soft shell crab industry which Other Common Names: common edible crabs, meets local demand for fresh soft shell crabs. edible blue crabs, jimmies, she crabs, sooks, sallies, spongers, sponge crabs, soft shells, soft shelled Recreional: Blue crabs support a large recrea- crabs, hard crabs. tional fishery. They are taken in estuaries and nearshore Gulf waters by dip nets, baited lift nets, Classification baited strings, '"old-up"traps, crab pots, and recrea- Phylum: Arthropoda tional shrimp trawls. Estimates for recreational land- Class: Crustacea ings vary widely, ranging from 4% of the commercial Order: Decapoda landings in Mississippi in 1971 (Herring and Christ- Family: Portunidae mas 1974) to 400% of the commercial landings in Value Louisiana in 1968 (Lindall and Hall 1970). No reliable Commercial: The commercial value of the blue crab estimates are available for Alabama or the west fishery in the eastern Gulf of Mexico is difficult to coast of Florida. Smaller crabs are considered to be estimate (Perry et al. 1984). Many blue crab fisher- excellent bait for sport fishes, especially for red drum men use unsurveyed market channels, leading to (Sciaenops ocellatus). under-reporting of landings. Nearly 78 million pounds of blue crab, valued at $30.7 million, were reported Indicator of Environmental Stress: Blue crabs are from the Gulf Region in 1988 (U.S. NMFS 1989). sensitive to low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions Reported landings for Florida's west coast fishery common to estuaries during the summer (Carpenter from 1960-1980 contributed an average of 41% of and Cargo 1957). Mass mortalities have been re- the Gulf landings, while Alabama landings have ported to be associated with low DO estuarine water fluctuated around an average of 5% of the Gulf masses (May1973). Survival times of 2 hours (h) at landings for the same time period (Perry and Mcll- 0 parts per million (ppm) DO, 32° C and 13 parts per wain 1986). Based on landings from 1951-1976, thousand (ppt) salinity and 4.3 h at 0 ppm DO, 250 C crab pots accounted for 99% of the Florida and and 13 ppt salinity have been reported by Lowery Alabama harvest, while trawls accounted for the and Tate (1986). The occurrence of dead crabs in remaining 1% (Perry et al. 1984). Alabama has a 4- traps is fairly common duringwarm water conditions. inch minimum carapace width harvest restriction Fishermen usually remedy the problem by moving while Florida has a 5-inch restriction (Perry et al. their traps into shallower water to avoid any low DO 1984). Landings are believed to be totally consumed water layers. Mortalities of blue crabs have also by the domestic market. The main commercial been related to extreme cold and sudden drops in outlets for blue crabs are seafood restaurants and water temperature (Couch and Martin 1982, Van retail seafood markets. Approximately 75% of the Engel 1982). Bluecrabsare also extremely sensitive hard crab landings are sold as processed product, tochemicalpollution. Kepone released intothe James 80 Blue crab species profile, continued. River, Virginia from 1950-1975 negatively affected occurs in high salinity waters around 23 to 30 ppt the fishery by lowering landings and juvenile crab near river mouths, inlets, and nearshore coastal abundance (Van Engel 1982). Kepone concentra- waters (Millikin and Williams 1984). In laboratory tions of 0.50 and 0.75 parts per billion (ppb) were experiments, successful hatching did not occur be- sublethal to blue crab zoeae, whereas 1.0 ppb low- low 20 ppt (Costlow and Bookout 1959). Zoeal ered the juvenile crab survival rate to 5%, compared stages are present at 20 ppt or greater, while mega- with 22% in the control group (Bookout et al. 1980). lop larvae are found in less saline waters (commonly The 96 h LC50 of kepone to juvenile blue crabs was 2 - 21 ppt) (Costlow and Bookout 1959). The optimal greater than 210 ppb (Schimmel and Wilson 1977). salinity and temperature combination for zoeal and Mirex has been reported to be toxic to blue crab megalopal development was 30 ppt and 25° C zoeae at concentrations of 1 and 10 ppb, whereas (Bookout et al. 1976, Costlow 1967). Juveniles are 0.01 and 0.1 ppb were sublethal (Lowe et al. 1971, euryhaline. Adult males are usually found at < 10 ppt Bookout and Costlow 1975). Juvenile blue crabs (27 and are more tolerant of temperature extremes than mm carapace width) died following several days of are adult females. Adult females generally inhabit exposure to DDT concentrations greater than 0.5 the more saline lower reaches of estuaries, except ppb (Lowe 1965). Mass mortalities of blue crabs when they migrate to the middle and upper reaches occurred in South Carolina, North Carolina, and to mate. Blue crabs may burrow and become inac- Georgia in 1966; pesticides were speculated to have tive at 5° C. They are also less tolerant of low been responsible (Newman and Ward 1973). salinities at high temperatures, and of high salinities at lowtemperatures (Millikin and Williams 1984, Van Range den Avyle and Fowler 1984, Williams 1984). Overall: Blue crabs range from Nova Scotia to North- ern Argentina, and the coastal waters of Europe, Migrations and Movements including the Mediterranean (Williams 1974). They Migrations within estuarine systems are related to are present throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico phases of the life cycle, season, and to some extent (NOAA 1985). habitat preference. Larvae hatch and develop in higher salinity waters as they drift with currents. Within Study Area: Blue crabs inhabit estuaries and During this planktonic stage movements can be nearshore waters of the Alabama and Florida Gulf extensive in the open Gulf. Megalopae are recruited coast (NOAA 1985). back into the estuaries. Juvenile stages of both sexes migrate upstream into lower salinity waters Life Mode where they feed in shallow waters (Van Engel 1958). Blue crabs spend most of their lives in estuaries and Immature females approaching their terminal molt nearshore Gulf waters. Eggs are carried by females migrate to low salinity waters to seek out mature (sponge crabs) until hatching. Zoeae are planktonic males for mating (Millikin and Williams 1984). These and megalop larvae are free swimming. Juveniles migrations are especially heavy during the spring. and adults are demersal (Dudley and Judy 1971, Soon after mating, adult females initiate migrations Steele 1982, Millikin and Williams 1984, Perry et al. back to higher salinity waters (Millikin and Williams 1984, Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984, Williams 1984). Similarly, during cold water months, females 1984). migrate into higher salinity areas associated with deeper portions of estuaries, mouths of estuaries, Habitat and nearshore Gulf waters. Following mating, adult Iype: Zoeae are neritic to oceanic in polyhaline to females also migrate along the Gulf coast of Florida euhaline waters. Megalopae are oceanic and/or and Alabama in a northerly direction, whereas adult neritic to estuarine in euhaline to mesohaline waters. males usually remain in the estuaries and do not Juveniles inhabit oligohaline to euhaline subtidal migrate appreciably between estuaries (Oesterling estuarine habitats. Adult males are estuarine and 1976). riverine inhabitants of subtidal freshwater to polyhal- ine habitats. Adult females are subtidal inhabitants Reproduction of euhaline to mesohaline estuarine waters (Steele Mode: Blue crabs are dioecious and reproduce 1982, Millikin and Williams 1984, Van den Avyle and sexually (Williams 1965). Fowler 1984, Williams 1984). Matina and SDawnina: Mating occurs from spring Physical/Chemical Characteristics: Tolerant of ex- through fall in low salinity waters. Females usually tremes, blue crabs have been reported from fresh- mate once while in the soft shell stage during their water to hypersaline lagoons (0 - 50 ppt) and from 3 pubertal orterminal molt. The females are extremely - 35° C (Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984). Hatching vulnerableto cannibalism and predation during these 81 Blue crab species profile, continued. molts. As a result, the recognition of amorous males larvae assuming a more crab-like appearance with is fairly important. Females approachingtheirpuber- each molt (Hopkins 1943, Sandoz and Rogers 1944, tal or terminal molts initiate mating behavior upon Williams 1965, Millikin and Williams 1984, Van den recognition of a mature male via olfactory and visual Avyle and Fowler 1984). stimuli (Teytaud 1971). Males recognize the females via a pheromone that triggers male mating behavior Juvenile: "First crabs" are about 2.5 mm at transfor- (Gleeson 1980). Copulation occurs while the female mation and grow toward maturity through a series of molts. During the female's molt, the male protects 18 - 20 molts. Age at maturity is related to tempera- her by grasping her with his first pair of walking legs ture, with crabs from warmer environments develop- and "cradle-carries" her in an upright position under- ing sooner (Millikin and Williams 1984, Perry et al. neath him. Males transmit their spermatophores by 1984, Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984). Juvenile tube-like pleopods into the female's seminal recep- blue crabs may reach maturity within one year along tacle (Cronin 1947). The sperm are stored in the . the Gulf coast (Perry 1975). Salinities from 6 to 30 seminal receptacle until fertilization; inseminated ppt do not differentially affect growth of juveniles females can retain viable sperm for at least one year. (Millikin and Williams 1984). Generally, as tempera- Fertilization is accomplished by passing the eggs ture decreases feeding decreases, especially from from the ovaries to the seminal receptacles before 34° C to 130 C (Leffler 1972). Tagatz (1968a) being extruded onto the females' pleopods. Egg observed that growth per molt remained similar extrusion onto the pleopods may be completed within regardless of temperature (summer vs. winter) in the 2 h (Van Engel 1958). Spawning typically occurs St. Johns River, FL, but that intermolt intervals were within two months after spring and summer matings, three to fourtimes longer in the winter. Juvenile blue but may be postponed until the following spring after crabs range in size from 2 mmto 240 mm in carapace fall matings (Millikin and Williams 1984, Perry et al. width, with considerable overlap with adults in the 1984, Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984). 100 mm to 240 mm range (Newcombe et al. 1949, Tagatz 1968b). Renroductive Caoacitv: Fecundity in blue crabs ranges from 1.75 to 2.00 million eggs per spawning Adults: Juveniles reach maturity at 1 - 1.5 years. (Millikin and Williams 1984). No data is available Females have been reported to vary in size at concerning fecundity as a function of size or the maturity from 51 mm to > 177 mm. Adult females relative fecundity of successive spawnings (Millikin mate following their terminal molt, and growth is and Williams 1984, Perry et al. 1984, Van den Avyle discontinued. Males, however, grow throughout and Fowler 1984). their lives, which may be more than three years (Fischler and Walburg 1962, Tagatz 1968b, Millikin Growth and Development and Williams 1984, Perry et al. 1984, Van den Avyle EQgs: Freshly extruded eggs in the early stages of and Fowler 1984). Tagatz (1968a), sampling blue development are 0.273 x 0.263 mm, and enlarge to crabs from St. Johns River, FL, reported mean 0.320 x 0.278 mm before hatching (Davis 1965). carapace widths and ranges: adult males averaged Approximate ages (after extrusion) of blue crab egg 147 mm, ranging from 117 mm to 181 mm; adult masses (sponges) can be estimated according to females averaged 148 mm, ranging from 128 to 182 coloration. Yellow to orange egg masses are from 1 mm. to 7 days old, while brown to black egg masses are from 8 to 15 days old (Bland and Amerson 1974). Food and Feeding Hatching occurs in about two weeks at temperatures In general, blue crabs are opportunistic omnivores of 26 - 29° C (Perry et al. 1984, Van den Avyle and and scavengers, feeding on a variety of plants and Fowler 1984). animals including other blue crabs. Food is located by a combination of chemoreception and taction Larvae: Blue crab larvae usually develop through (Van Engel 1958, Millikin and Williams 1984, Van seven zoeal stages before metamorphosing into the den Avyle and Fowler 1984). Larval blue crab are megalop larval stage (Costlow and Bookout 1959). believed to feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton Larval blue crabs are about 0.25 mm at hatching, and (Costlow and Sastry 1966). Zoeae are generally develop by successive molts through 4 - 7 zoeal phytoplanktivorousbutalsoconsumecopepodnauplii stages over 30- 50 days. Laboratory studies indicate and dinoflagellates. Megalopae are more omnivo- that 31 to 43 days are required to complete the zoeal rous, preying upon fish larvae, small shellfish, and larval stages at 25° C and 26 ppt salinity (Costlow aquatic plants. Juvenile and adult blue crabs feed and Bookout 1959). The final zoeal stage is about 1 mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and fish. Juvenile mm in width. The megalop stage of larval develop- and adult blue crabs have been characterized as ment follows and lasts from 6 - 20 days with the opportunistic benthic omnivores whose food habits 82 Blue crab species profile, continued. are governed by availability of food items (Darnell sapidus and Rhithropanopeus harris#i Gould. Acta 1961). Laughlin (1982) evaluated stomach contents Embryol. Morphol. Exp. 9: 44-55. of blue crabs from Apalachicola Bay, FL and ob- served the following: small juveniles (less than 31 Couch, J. A., and S. Martin. 1982. Protozoan symbi- mm carapace width) fed mainly on bivalves, plant onts and related diseases of the blue crab, Callinectes matter, ostracods, and detritus; intermediate juve- sapidus Rathbun fromthe Atlantic and Gulf coasts of niles (31-60 mm) fed mostly on fishes, gastropods, the United States. InH. M. Perryand W. A. Van Engel and xanthidcrabs; large juveniles and adults (greater (editors), Proceedings Blue Crab Colloquium, Octo- than 60 mm) fed on bivalves, fishes, xanthid crabs, ber 16-19, 1979, Biloxi, Mississippi. Gulf States Mar. and smaller blue crabs. The following is a list of Fish. Comm. pp. 71-80. molluscs known to be food items for blue crab: American oyster (Crassostrea virginica); hard clams Cronin, L. E.. 1947. Anatomy and histology of the (Mercenaria mercenaria); coot clam (Mulina later- male reproductive system of Callinectes sapidus alis); mussels (Congeria leucophaeta, Mytilopsis Rathbun. J. Morphol. 81: 209-239. leucopheata, Brachidontes exustus); common rangia (Rangia cuneata); marsh periwinkle (Littorina irro- Darnell, R. M. 1961. Trophic spectrum of an estuar- rata); Atlantic ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) ine community, based on studies of Lake Pontchar- (Millikin and Williams 1984). train. Ecology 42: 553-568. Persons Consulted Davis, C. C. 1965. A study of the hatching process in Steele, Philip. Florida Department of Natural Re- aquatic invertebrates: XX. The blue crab, Callinectes sources, St. Petersburg, FL. sapidus, Rathbun, XXI. The nemertean, Carcinone- mertes carcinophila (Kolliker). Chesapeake Sci. 6: References 201-208. Bland, C. E., and H. V. Amerson. 1974. Occurrence and distribution in North Carolina waters of Dudley, D. L., and M. H. Judy. 1971. Occurrence of Lagegenidium callinectes Couch, a fungal parasite larval, juvenile, and mature crabs in the vicinity of of blue crab ova. Chesapeake Sci. 15: 232-235. Beaufort, NC. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS-SSRF-7- 637. Bookout, C. G., and J. D. Costlow. 1975. Effects of mirex on the larval development of blue crab. Water, Fischler, K. J., and C. H. Walburg. 1962. Blue crab Air, Soil Pollut. 4: 113-126. movement in coastal South Carolina, 1958-59. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 91: 275-278. Bookout, C. G., J. D. Costlow, and R. Monroe. 1976. Effects of methoxychloron larval mud-crab and blue- Gleeson, R. A. 1980. Pheromone communication in crab. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 5: 349-365. the reproductive behaviorof the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 7: 119-134. Bookout, C. G., J. D. Costlow, and R. Monroe. 1980. Kepone effects on larval development of mud-crab Herring, R., and J. Y. Christmas. 1974. Blue crabs for and blue-crab. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 13: 57-77. fun and food. Mississippi Game and Fish, March- April, 1974. pp. 12-14. Carpenter, J. H., and D. G. Cargo. 1957. Oxygen requirement and mortality of the blue crab, Callinectes Hopkins, S. H. 1943. The external morphology of the sapidus. Ches. Bay Inst. Tech. Rep. 13. 22 pp. first and second zoeal stages of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 62: Costlow, J. D. 1967. The effects of salinity and 85-90. temperature on survival and metamorphosis of megalops of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Laughlin, R. A. 1982. Feeding habits of the blue crab, Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters 15: 84-97. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the Apalachicola estuary, Fla. Bull. Mar. Sci. 32: 807-822. Costlow, J. D., and C. G. Bookout. 1959. The larval development of Callinectessapidus Rathbun reared Leffler, C. W. 1972. Some effects of temperature on in the laboratory. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 116: 373- the growth and metabolic rate of juvenile Callinectes 396. sapidus, in the laboratory. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 14:104- 110. Costlow, J. D., and A. N. Sastry. 1966. Free amino acids in developing stages of two crabs, Callinectes 83 Blue crab species profile, continued. Lindall, W. N., and J. R. Hall. 1970. Fishery re- Perry, H. M., and T. D. Mcllwain. 1986. Species sources: Report of the commercial fishery work unit profiles: life histories and environmental require- (blue crab section). NMFS Biological Laboratory, St. ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Petersburg, Florida. pp. 163-188. Mexico)-blue crab. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82 (11.55). 21 pp. Lowe, J. I. 1965. Chronic exposure of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, to sublethal concentrations of Sandoz, M., and R. Rogers. 1944. The effect of DDT. Ecology 46: 889-900. environmental factors on hatching, molting, and survival of zoeae larvae of the blue crab Callinectes Lowe, J. I., P. R. Parrish, A. J. Wilson, P. D. Wilson, sapidus. Ecology 25: 216-228. and T. W. Duke. 1971. Effects of mirex on selected estuarine organisms. Trans. 36th North American Schimmel, S. C., and A. J. Wilson. 1977. Acute Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, pp. toxicityof Kepone tofourestuarine animals. Chesap- 171-186. eake Sci. 18: 224-227. Lowery, T. A., and L. G. Tate. 1986. Effects of Steele, P. 1982. A synopsisof the biologyof the blue hypoxia on hemolymph lactate and behavior of the crab Callinectes sapidus in Florida. In H. M. Perry blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in the labo- and W. A. Van Engel (editors), Proceedings Blue ratory and field. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 85A: 689- Crab Colloquium, October 16-19, 1979, Biloxi, Mis- 692. sissippi. Gulf States Mar. Fish. Comm. pp. 29 -35. May, E. B. 1973. Extensive oxygen depletion in Tagatz, M. E. 1968a. Growth of juvenile blue crabs, Mobile Bay, Alabama. Limnol. Oceanogr. 18: 353- Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the St. Johns River, 366. Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 67: 281-288. Millikin, M. R., and A. B. Williams. 1984. Synopsis Tagatz, M. E. 1968b. Biology of the blue crab, of biological data on the blue crab, Callinectes sa- Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the St. Johns River, pidus. FAO Fish. Synop. 138. Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 67: 17-33. Newcombe, C. L., F. Campbell, and A. M. Eckst- Teytaud, A. R. 1971. The laboratory studies of sex ine.1949. A study of form and growthof the blue crab, recognition in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Growth 13: 71-96. Rathbun. Univ. Miami, Sea Grant Tech. Bull. 15, 63 PP- Newman, M., and G. W. Ward. 1973. An epizootic of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, caused by Para- U.S. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). moeba pernicosa. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 22: 329-334. 1989. Fisheries of the United States, 1988. U. S. Nat. Mar. Fish. Ser. Cur. Fish. Stat. 8800. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- stration). 1985. Gulf of Mexico Coastal and Ocean Van Engel, W. A. 1958. The blue crab fishery in Zones Strategic Assessment: Data Atlas. U.S. Chesapeake Bay. Comm. Fish. Rev. 20:1-298. National Ocean Service, Strategic Assessment Branch, Rockville, MD. Van Engel, W. A. 1982. Blue crab mortalities associ- ated with pesticides, herbicides, temperature, salin- Oesterling, M. J. 1976. Reproduction, growth, and ity, and dissolved oxygen. In H. M. Perry and W. A. migration of blue crabs along Florida's Gulf coast. Van Engel (editors), Proceedings Blue Crab Collo- Fla. Sea Grant Publ. SUSF-SG-76-003. 19 pp. quium, October 16-19, 1979, Biloxi, Mississippi. Gulf States Mar. Fish. Comm. pp. 89-92. Perry, H. M. 1975. The blue crab fishery. Mississippi. Gulf Res. Rep. 5: 39-57. Van den Avyle, M. J., and D. L. Fowler. 1984. Species profiles: life histories and environmental Perry, H. M., G. Adkins, R. Condrey, P. C. Hammer- requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates schmidt, S. Heath, J.R. Herring, C. Moss, G. Perkins, (South Atlantic)-blue crab. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. and P. Steele. 1984. A profile of the Blue crab fishery FWS/OBS-82/11.19. 16 pp. of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf States Mar. Fish. Comm. Compl. Rep. 000-010. 184 pp. Williams, A. B. 1965. Marine decapod crustaceans of the Carolinas. Fish. Bull., U. S. 65:1-298. 84 Blue crab species profile, continued. Williams, A. B. 1974. The swimming crabs of the genus Callinectes (Decapoda: Portunidae). Fish. Bull., U. S. 72: 685-798. Williams, A. B. 1984. Shrimps, lobsters, and crabs of the Atlantic coast of the eastern United States, Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 550 pp. 85 Common/Scientific Name Florida Bay Ten Thousand Islands Caloosaihatchee River Charlotte Harbor Baynscallop 6 SS6 Arqcceclen irradiuns Fenseca, LaCroix, rdmanl Estevez Batonsz Amenican oyster 36, 38,183, 225,245 36,183 36.183 Crassasuea wroinaii Tirinant Browder, Thoemire Chamberlain Fraser Common rangla 126 30,126 81,128 81,126 Rancia cunrants Marelli. Tilmant Browder. Marell. lymiarf Mareeh Eutevet Marelil Hardeclamn 80, 81,107 30, 81,285 81. 126,138,150 81,128,138,1ISO Memrieaml spades Tifinant Browder, Tashiro.Tlilmantl Chamnberlain Fraser Brown shrimp 183 92,183, 289 183, 289 183, 289 Panneam aziecus Plnkshrimp 19, 29,107,183,225 19,29. 38, 59,178,183.225 93,183 183 Penaeus duorarm, Tilmant Browder, Tilmant Browder Whihe shrimp 183 30,183 183 183 Penaeus selttenja Tllmant Browder, Tilmant Grass shrimp 4, 225,297 4,30,38,44,59,289,297 4,93 4.93 Palaermonetaisauuab Tilmant Browder. Tilmast Chamberlain Spiny lowaer 107,155,183 30, 44,155,183 155 155,183 pan aiim sinus Hunt. Tilmanit Hunt Hunt Fraser. Hunt Gulf stone crab Memwe adina Stone crab 30, 59,107,139,183,l289 17,18,30,38,659,136, 183, 289 17.18.59,1139,1183 17,18, 59, 139, 183 Mhnwve inercemnafa S W r Bart. Browder Ber Be Blue crab 107,266,297 30, 38,44,1711, 171,276 59, 93,171, 276 callkrctes swdus Steele ilonant Browder, Steels Chamberkdelrt, e$ Fraser, Steel. Tarpon l i e 30, 38, 44,183 116,239 Meoskwsd aftmerflu8 Fraser Fraser Alabama shad 275 275 275 275 Abussafbamil. Tilmant Gulf menhaden 275 30, 44, 275 275 275 Bravoorlia os/rus Tilmant Yeilowfin menhaden 41,45,268,275 30 , 31,3841, 44. 45. 27S 41,93,275,283 41, 93, 275, 283 Bravoonia SMJIftl Tilmant Browder Chamberlain Fraser Say anchovy 116. 212,261, 266,287 30; 38, 44;212, 261 59,93 S9, 64, 93, 283 Anclroa nfthffl 7imlrant Browder Chamberlain. Fraser: Sheepahead minnow 201, 241,261, 266. 30, 31, 38,44,261 93,103,198,206 93.202.283 Cw'atoicdorr varleqaftis 7liba tt Browder Chamberlain, Fraser Fraew GuN killifish 84.107.201. 241, 261. 265 30,31,38,44 93 64.283 Funduhnr wsndi Thlnant Browder Chamberlain Fraser Snook 107, 199, 200,27. 38, 73,226, 270,271 93, 154. 2801 283 Cenhmoomrus undecrmslis Browder. Chamlberlain. Fraser Browder. Fraser Bluefish 95,153,224 30, 73, 95,153,183 93, 95,153,163,198, 283 95,153,183, 283 Ponatostus saftafit Chamberlain Blue runner 107,214,224,243,260 30, 31,138, 281 283 283 Carass ctmos Edwards.rilmant Edwards Chamberlain Fraser Crevalle ladc 107.214,224,243,260 30, 31, 38, 44.138,164, 261 93,198 93,138,283 Carassx htjo Edwards Browder Chamberlain Fraser Florida pompano 78,183. 268 30, 44,183 93,198, 244, 283 83,244,2813 Tradrifomna c=aroins Ttmant Chamberlain Fraser Gray snapper 22,107,199,200, 219,220,28S, 266,267.297 22, 38,44,897, 218, 291 93, 283 93, 283 Lurjantys Wownes PoweR, Thayer. Tlfiant Browder, Tilinant Chamberlain, Fraser Fraser Pinfish 107, 225,267,297 30, 38, 44, 45,176, 22S 83,178, 244, 283 59, 176, 283 Laoodon rhomboides M ettler. Powell. Tilmant Chamberlain Sand sealmaul 113,183,225, 251,265 30, 31, 38,44, 230,251 93 93,183,'283 Crroacbrt aremait Tlmaihia Browde Chamberlain, Frase Frase Spotted sealrout 107,114,194,199,200,219, 266, 287,268 38, 44,192, 194 44,659, 64,114, 194, 283 44, 59, 64,114, 194, 283 Crnscracbn nebualsus Browder Chamberlain, Fraser Fraser Spot 113, 183, 225, 265, 266, 297 30, 31, 38,44,113, 261 93,283 93,183,283 Lelakitomus xanthajs; TI'lmant Bmowder. Tilmant Chamberlain. Fraser Fraser ,Atlantic croakrer 113,244 30, 44. 261 93,283 283 &Wcropoqonia's andulatus Davis Tilmantl Chamberlain Red drum 107,183, 199.200,241,295 3D, 38. 45 93,244 93,283 Scriuenpa oalia TI'lmant Browder Chamberlain, Fraser Fraser Strored mullet 107,261.268 26, 30, 38, 44,137, 261 28, 93,183. 269, 283 26, 93,1833,269, 283 MAluficlohalus Henter. Powell. Tilimant Browder. Hotlder. Tilmant Chamberlain. Fraser Fraser Code goby 107, 225, 281, 268,297 30,31, 38,43,44, 261 27,74,93, 244, 283 64,74, 244, 283 Gobiawnama robustran Tlrnant Browder Chamberlain Fraser Spanish mackrerel 71, 123 38,71,82,123,193 82,193.198 82,123,283 Scomberomorus ntacalaras Browder Chamberlain Gutf flounder 214,268 31,3a,44, 93 283 Parakdrrhvhs abuMuullar Powell. lymant Browde Chamberlain Fraser Southern lounder 79,183 30, 31, 38,79, 183 93 283 Paraltdrrhys latrhigaflmn Tilmant Browder Chiamberlain Fraser Numbers correspond to references listed in Appendix 7, References, pp. 92-1 05. Names correspond lo individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications, pp. 90-91. 86 Appendix 5, continued. Table of references and personal communications Common/Scientific Name Tampa Bay Suwanee River Apalachee Bay saymao - ,-3P 165.ISO American oysWe 46149.49.83.245, i: 99.1321245;1,16.4 C zs oafla YkakEdw¶m Sarsie Esieve. Philinae thinern SUWS1M narnIW Common range 126,:0: 2xx 126,16S Hiard clam 61,238,244 6,10 2 kAbwunafb amecld LEdwsf :Maca. 7oi : :eia::tfinlvaf Brown shrimp 63,137,173.2= 2,2 50.91,92,132 1, 40, SO. 60. 85. 91, a,105,106 Pergews anema Come Sheridan Sheridan. Sabruhnanvan Pik* ahrihp 183 19. 106. 13Z 183 109.16S, 183.249. 2891 Pa"Newda orantom Cons, Edwards. Estmez Sheridan Sheridan. Si flhmntevt Whka oh"ln 183 132Z in. 183,269 W . C 1141.14, I. 1873,2169 Pews" se1aW Sheridan Sheridan. Sabrmhmanyamn Gresaaarnip 4,58,289 4 10OD. 289 249, 2819 Palsermoneao cDub Philibs Sheridan Memezl. Sheridan. Subrahmiunvam Spiylaobuw :287 183 183.. Panft Aio ani Hunt: atnstitahalavsi Adailma at's B ait.dkter Bait. Lnieraeeit eizal.8h mns Smite ls ia2 lat 6.13,26 183 mms "a t71. 1813, 251:2817,289 132,1K 246276 183,196, 246.29S Taspon 202.244 132.183 117,118,165,183,190 Agelftonwfeih E dwards Stibrahmanyaml Alaama shad 275 S. 72.275 215,216 Akan aslbaineg cessxon. Gilert Subrahmanvam GuN menhaden 128,275 41,57,127,275,277 20,1118,1127,1190,275 fileenciti ca&ons EdwaMIS. Mahrnoudi Phillipa Ahunhot Subrahmrnanam Yatesin menhaden 41,244,259 275 41,275 &evcwfl xsflI Mahmiou. Philips Subfahmenvam Bay anchovy !4t 21.' 27io ta ,2226 4 Meftos mair oi cEwsa nu:Slahmsvaj Sheapahead minnow 47,95,20.20 2,0 4,9 GuiMUMkt 202OZ24' 248 1201 3624929 Fusses usia Cons. petite Sbsmnn Snoo kill23,i154;162 244.,280 183209,1 I 1415132t skiallt 96, 158,1832,24 U, 132,193,200 89, 117,118,140,183,209 Pomamnissfisahk Subrahmna Blue ranner I 115,181, 221,244,259 IS.,16. 83, 98, 115, 209 16, 83.117, 118, 165 Cranzmcneoe Edemar Subrahmaianvaiii Crs"As IN*e 221, 244,259 15, 52,90, 115, 187,209.278 3.5S2,90.117,118.140,165,187,278 Caranzhbooe Edwarda Subrahmmnveni Florida Pompano U,. 244 117, 116,1863 TrseihiOflu cOAUMA Philisa Subrabmanyarn Graysc-appar 24 .:::::..M8. ju:: 6 Pinfim 4,724571075176,0 202,1.7,9.4 Lewden Hamonbaks Cons. Sewards. Ulleven StAbb anwvirm Sadsaalroutf 244,256 18-3,23I7 .I .... 57,A183,236,237,246. Ciociaefh CncPteLtoMei. Subrimahotanvam . spaaas maui 114,: 162,ta,259,263,286 132,16,1 87,i Sy:,121, I 130, 151,165, in, a4n,11us Owaiosb nabulbus Conict.7PlikallbsrnManal Suibrahrmnisnvm Spot 47,137,202,244259 8,57,75,120,209 39,118,229,248,208 Liesians xanlirus conm. Philips Macat. Stirehmanvsmn AMtnllcaosiner 129.137,244,259 57,75.132 57, 75, 118, 229,249,296 Aftrawman n unajdist Philli p moom. Wanest Subranianryam Rad Sumn 183,196, 197, B0, 213,269 104,132, 142,167,168,1813,207 104, 142,167, 168, 126,183,2017 scianwoe acftfn Esleve:, Philips SiLrahmanyam Sutied MiUNN 46,47,202,213, 244,259 132 46,118, 190 MUCK1e0safm"s Edwards. Esazea. Phoilma Cksicaon. Noidhe Subraimshmanv Code goby 27', 4,242,244 120,209 .25, In3 165 * ide Gaaonr whwlurnu Sultiuhmanvam:! Spanishi mackwal 321819,5 57.70,22, 116 7,708 SecIberoioe mauchous Conic. Subrahslnav Gull founder 17', 202,244,.259,27 6,7211,669.69120,175,209 25,73,140,183.248,l;248 Paraikhruura abhutt P111eSu11Wnnvn Souhemn flounder 47,20Z2, :2062.244, 59- 8,272 26,140246,249 Parsltllhrvys Jeumiolflsa- poo.NoeSbamnst Numbers correspond to references lited in Appendix?7. Relerences, pp. 92-105. Names con'espond to individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications. pp. 90491. 87 Appendix 5, continued. Table of references and personal commrunications Common/Scientitic Name Apalachicola Bay St. Andrew Say Choctawatchee Bay say tosllup 67,222 21 Azopacln 11radSans Manzel Fablse; FbAneMria Barkuloo American oyster 142, 245 693I., 99,2456,295.11 a s , 99, 245 Crasaoslras yffioaa Menzel Pablo. Mantel Owren Barkuloc. Menzel Common rangia 1126,142,205. 126 21 Rangal cuneast Menzel.Nul o Barkukioc Hard clam 65, 76, 9.1 21,65 Mmerenarl mode s Mjantet: Menzel. NasuctoK sarkulno. Menzel Brown shrimp 1,2, 50, 53,92,108,110,135, 142. 145,146,152,165, 289 50, 53, 92,106,110,13S,142,145,152,165,284, 295.1 127 Ponseus az/sass Sheridan Fable Oaren. Sheridan Barkuloo. Sheridan Pink shrlimp 19,142,183,205,289 32,222 143,183,289 Pansaus duoalmnt Sheridan Ogren, Sheridan Barkuloo. Sheridan White shrimp 142,145,146. 177,183 32, 296.1 143,183,289 Pansaes $webruff Sheridan Ogwen. Sheridan. Young Barkuloo, Sheridan Grass shrimp 4.100.142,144,205 222,295.1 143 Palaomonaef Das sb Sheridan Fable. Ocren. Sheridan. Young Barkuloo. Menzel. Shanidan spiny Wabter 183 Panullrus ataus Fable] B e&ul Gulf storescrab 139 17.89.139.2890 17,139,183 Met/ama aetna Bed. unrdbero Bedt uneeon Naugho Barlwno. Sort Slone cash13 Blue crab 146,184,185, 195,205,:246 183,185,1195, 222,246,296.1 143 Cshcaflaaes $od" tel Natiown. Stoole Baskulog. Steel Tarpon 2, 165,183 98.160,183,250.278 12, 98,183 Mngatcrs aflan/ttm Fable Barkuulco, Alabama shad 13,131,172,294 160, 203,204 7,12,13,21,37,111,143, 268 AAosa alsbsmnae Menzel Finucane Barkukoo Gail manthaden 29, 128,142,144,146,190, 205,229,275 3,160,186,203, 204, 273, 278 12, 98,143, 268, 27S Brerrooffia asnronus Flnucane Barkuloo Vellowfin menhaden Bhoevorrta smn/ar/ Fable Barkulno, Bay anchovy 20, 34, 141, 142, 14s6.227. 229 9,64 186,278 12; 21, 37,143,268 Anchos nit! h/a iucnIaru Sheepstead minnow 12473,180, 276; :7.98 Ckinodonko var/a s W Flnucanoe Barklwlo. Gulf kiilillah 56, 140,142' 54, IS60.278 7 Fundauso wand/aFrcaeBuluo Snook 2,61.165, 211,9 51,96.183,211,;250,278,293 5113210,211.293 Can/,ooomss sndec/maib Fable Barkuloo Bluefsal 2, 69,141,142, 144,146,165,170,183 3 3 ,66,69,118.160,183.186, 204,250,273,278 69, 96, 98,11 1,143,183, 209 Pornatomussajahrt Fable Barkuloc Blusrunner 2,16,83,98,98. 144,165 3.16,33,66,83, 98, 160,16S, 204,250,273,278 16, 83,9,98,1SS11I C aranx civaos Fable Barkruloo Crovallejelac 2,52.90.141,142,144,146,187,278 3. 33, 54, 98,160,160,186, 204, 250,278 12,90,96,98,111,143 Catanx bingos Fable Barkiulco Fiordaspomnpano 118,144,153 3,98,160, 204,250 7,98,111,143 Tractrhgnas carm/aus Fkrucane Barkulgo, Gray snapper 144,163- 3,54 6060,180,I204,250,276 7,12,98,111.142,266 Luliaus farsus Fable: Barkulog Phlnlih 20.34,41.16,76: 3;54, 98. 160,186, 203,204,250. 273,278 7,12,37,98,l 111, 143,268 Lsaodoon thonmbohias Fable Barkuloo. Mental Sand sestrout 57, t42, 146,146,227, 229,236,237 .3.160,180,186,204,256,273,278 7,98,143,268 Cwrosck n sInnf F AWl Barkuloo. Mental Spotled seasirout 20,112, 114, 121,130,166,174, t88 3, 54,160,180,186, 204,250, 273, 278 12,37,98, 111, 143,268 cy"Oscian nebs/asus Fable Barkulco. Menzel spot 57.122,142,145,146. 227, 229 3, 98,160, 160, 186, 204, 250.273, 278 7,12, 37. 98,143, 268 Lelosbnrss xan/hsnus Fable Barkulco Ailentic croaker 122,142,145,146,227,228,266 3, 160, 160,186, 203,204,250,273,278 7,12, 37.98.143, 268 AMScmpgrwnjas unds/amas Sheridan Fable Barkuboo Red drum 104,142,167, 168,16S2,183 54,250,278 7,12, 98,111, 143,189,194 Sdaangops ocal/stus Fable Barkuloc, Stirpedmullet 13,46,118,183 3, 54, 98,160,180,204, 278 7.13, 28. 37, 46.55, 98.111,118.143,183 Wafru/ molrs/us Menzel Fable Barklmno Code goby 20,34,74,14G,242 I S O 98,143,268 Gobiosgms nobuss/sm Fable Barkulo * Spanmsh madkemel 20.142 986,160, 176,186,.203,204, 250,273,276 70,82, 98,111, 143 Scomberonomoms macs/lsws Fable Barkubo, Gulf flounder 79, 141,183,191 3, 98, 160, 160,1I86, 204.250.273, 278 7, 98,111,143,268 Psracltdhvs a/tol/s NauGhton Barklmuoo, Southern flounder 13,76, 144,145,191 3,204,250,278 37,98,143,183, 208,265 Psa/tdncthys lo/hostflma Naughton, Barkuloc Numbers correspond to references listed in Appendix 7, References, pp. 92-105. Names correspond to individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications, pp. 90-91. 88 Appendix 5, continued. Table of references and personal communications CommonlScientiflc Name Pensacola Say Perdido Bay mobile say Say scalp 62: 254. 257 Arpoeaan krmacian Y lm.Klunhoun: Plsainr, Heath. KFuCWII&I. Young:'l Danisau, Heat:h.Sto Amerian oy er 9.05 5.5 11 134, 156; 157 158,139 Olasoarena Vircinl Plainer. 'fauno: Plarer Heath.menwta Vauna Danlean. Heath.ShkC Common tangie 52,128 124, 125,126,256,25C 1::19,126,254, 256, 273 Ranw CUneRAM Dardeau., FlMer. Ygno ucznll lmr letr fua Deen et.S Hardclam 52 254: 85,258cl:: Abircenarl oas Flame. Yoaung He& Plainer.Heettan atdeu Heath. Shu BeownaShrimp 10, 52,187,296 40,101,102,147, 254,257.256 40.101,102, 147,240,254,255 ftnaeus aztecus Flamer. Sheridan. 'fauna Minor. Heath. Sheridan. 'fauna Dardaau. Heath. Sheridan. Shim Pinkcshrimp 9,10,187 254.25? 14,42 ,254257 Farnama dtwmmi Flame. Sheridan. 'fauna Flame. Herbh. Sheridan. 'faung Daetdau. Heath. Sheridan. Shipp Whte Shrip S . 10,52. 187. 254,257 14,42,146.149,217 panammoehiw u Flamer. Manrdan. 'founa Flamer. Heath. Shamian. 'fauna Danaa. Heath. Shamrian. Ships Gaa Shrimp 187 254,257 23,231,254,257 * PalanMnefIa nuci PRainer. Shedida. 'fauna Flamer. Heath. Sheridan. 'founa Daideau. Heamm. Sherian. Shim Panulata argu e Flsam. 'faunga Flame Heth 'fuaDneu.Hah l Gull aln crab 13254 254 &ff9MAIMw :81WBrtFlame. 'fauna usot. Flame Neat.I Young . .. .ala. Het. ..i bione irna..n...f.. Blue cr a b 101 254, 257 :14,102,231,246,264: Cateuaeawddia Fla CMe.Sel.'an Flame. )leah Lane, SIeele,'Vagina De'aaU. He"th Slit. Sel Tarpon 183,262,263 5,183,254 62,254,281. 282 AMeaa atkflolw BrMne. 'faung HeathYougin Heath. shop Altama SWe 5, 10,13 254, 257 131,172,215,216.254,257,274,290 Abua alabamfia, Balana. 'fauna Heath Yagna Heath. Slibo Gut? menhaden 9, 10, 187,263 254,257 14, 102,282, 233,235, 253,257,291 Suwuitnabanha Bu Sotane. 'fauna HeataYauna Heath. Shipa Veloal i menhaden 14, 233, 235, 253,254. 257.291 ta1,0Wuiff MMf Butwan. 'fauna uaft.'aund Heath. Shipp say anchov Si 05,715,6 5;257: Anchaa mOchtS :95,5.. 'aun et:naHat l Sheepehead minnaw .505,723254,2517 * . 232253,257:- Cwflndfln ULMeetus Butane. 'fauna :e itat.Yun :HeaitIh h Gull IdMIh 81,2926. 25,5.....225 5 Findiads sanui . . an. ....n . . ...vun . . ... Sli.t....s Snook 51.183,210.211, 205. 5 lea, 10,21t,........295..... CannOCAMNa Undcinab BSoane. 'fauna Neat VaunW.oi7 Heat.I16 Shut I SW"fi 62,89,56.97,209 69,183,209 14,89,71,254 POMnab MeUaa Mf Badnan. 'fauna HOEat.aUn Heat. ShIes Blue unner 16,5M26,93..97 16, 83,936 97 115,235,254 Caran mens Burtane. 'fauna Heat.'funa Heath. Slhos Cravle Jac k S . 10, 52,96,97, 187,263 90,252,257 3,24,233,254, 257 Ganurt hkvs Butaone. 'fauna Heat.YaGin HAt111. Shims Ronail panpano 62,97 2S4 14,253.254, 252 Turchhiafa caolinaf Butane. 'fauna Hea.Younl Hleat. Shipp Gray enappw 52,97.,187.263 254 14,324 LOMAua fleme Sawtorfauna: M O M .Vu et ShiesO Plimnt :9, 10,. 5207.178, 187,263 M5, 254,257. 14,24,=23223.54.:257,274 JaOMM thanoiesl Buane. 'fauna: Z. m et uomHa. S Sand aealroul 5,910,2,0 3723 252254 14.24,10QZ2,22233,234;235,253,254i 217,274,282,291 Cynnamsn arwaifisau Bortonte.-'Ma HetYuoHeat. Salis Spaued Dexuaut S . ,9,10, 52,17, 114, 130, 166, lES, 254, 264 3 . 1,24,10Z2,1=233,234i235, 257,:274,282,291 cmwtaien nabukies Butane1. 'fauna Healliaun Heath. Alto SpW 5, 9,10,52M 97, 187,26 25 =2,254257 14,5S7,102,181,232,233,235,253,254,257,291 Lal0MMUw snlUnaMI Butane. 'fauna Heath.'fauna Heat. Shta Atlantic croaer 5, 9,10, 52,94,97,187,263 252,254 57,102,14M,18t, 233,234,235,253,254,255,257, 282,288,291 AhOMilmha undutalws Butan. 'faung Heat.'fauna Heat,. Shut Red sum 10, 52,97,187,194,263 254 14,24,102.232,233,234,235,253,254,274,282,291 ScbeONa oahROafu Butane 'faung HIPt.'fauna Heath. Shipp Stried murmt S . .9.10,13,4,.183,187,263 254,257 14,24,102.232,233.253,254,257,274,282 Muow ffashau Burtane. 'fauna Heath.'funa Heath. Shies Code gaby 5,10,52,97 . 232,24, 257 232,233,234,254, 257: Goftauna robusaurm Butane V'funad:a:'] Heath Slits Spanish mackrei 52,187,263:26 14,24, 1t2,23,53254,28M soamberaman IMaIQeuAS Butan. agn Heaftyr.'faIna Heat. Shies Guff fiounder 52,?9 25714,24 254,257,22290 Parakftila abbat Buftane.-Vauol 146myoundfi Heat. Shies Southern ftunderkI O1.'0.52,26325 14,$24,102,233,253.254.257.2812 Paaltht"Vs *etosena Burtane. 'fauna lethVau Heati Slts Numbets correspond to reterences listed in Appendix 7. References, pp. 92-105. Names correspond to individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications, pp. 90-91. Ahrenholz, D. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC Barkuloo, J. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City, FL Bert, T. Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL Bortone, S. University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL Browder, J. National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL Chamberlain, B. South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL Clugston, J. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gainesville, FL Comp, G. Sarasota County Government, Sarasota, FL Dardeau, M. Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium, Dauphin Island, AL Davis, D. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL Edwards, R. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL Estevez, E. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL Fable, W. National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL Finucane, J. National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL Flemer, D. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL Fonseca, M. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC Fraser, T. Environmental Quality Laboratory, Port Charlotte, FL Gilbert, C. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Heath, S. Alabama Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, Dauphin Island, AL Heck, K. Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium, Dauphin Island, AL Hettler, W. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC Hunt, J. Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marathon, FL Kruczynski, W. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL LaCroix, M. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC Lane, J. Pensacola Junior College, Pensacola, FL Lindberg, W. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Mahmoudi, B. Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL Marelli, D. Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL 90 Appendix 6, continued. Personal communications Menzel, W. (deceased) Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Naughton, S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL Nordlie, F. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Ogren, L. National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL Phillips, D. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL Powell, A. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC Sheridan, P. National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX Shipp, R. University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL Steele, P. Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL Subrahmanyham, D. Florida A &M University, Tallahassee, FL Tashiro, J. National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL Thayer, G. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC. Thoemke, K. National Estuarine Research Reserve, Fla. Dept. of Natural Resources, Naples, FL Tilmant, J. U.S. National Park Service, Homestead, FL Warlen, S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC Young, B. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Pensacola, FL 91 _ _ o_ , , .....12. Bass, D. G. Jr., D. M. Yeager, and V. G. Hitt. 1980. Ecology of the Choctawhatchee River system, 1. Abele, L. G. 1970. The marine decapod crus- Florida. Northwest Streams Research Project, Flor- tacea of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M.S. The- ida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission. sis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee. 13. Beecher, H. A., and W. C. Hixson. 1982. 2. Ager, L. A. 1985. Fishery study, Apalachicola Seasonal abundance of fishes in three northwest River maintenance dredging disposal site evaluation Florida rivers. Fla. Sci. 45:145-171. program. State of Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission, Tallahassee, Florida. For U. S. Army 14. Benson, N. G. (ed.). 1982. Life history require- Corps of Engineers, Mobile Alabama. ments of selected finfish and selected shellfish in Mississippi Sound and adjacent areas. U. S. Fish 3. Allison, D. T. 1961. List of fishes from St. Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-81/51. Andrew system and adjacent Gulf of Mexico. Stu- dent paper (unpublished). Florida State Univ, Tal- 15. Berry, F. H. 1958. Additions to the fishes of lahassee. Cedar Key, Florida and a list of Gulf of Mexico Carangidae. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 21: 190. 4. Anderson, G. 1985. Species profiles: life histo- ries and environmental requirementsof coastalfishes 16. Berry, F. H. 1959. Young jack crevalles (Car- and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico) grass shrimp. U. anx species) off the southeastern Atlantic coast of S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.35). the United States. Fish. Bull., U. S. 59: 417-535. 5. Bailey, R. M., H. E. Winn, and C. L. Smith. 17. Bert, T. M., J. Tilmant, J. Dodrill, and G. E. 1954. Fishesfromthe Escambia River, Alabamaand Davis. 1986. Aspects of the population dynamics Florida with ecological and taxonomic notes. Proc. and biology of the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) Acad. Natl. Sci. Philadelphia 108: 109-164. in Everglades and Biscayne National Parks as deter- mined by trapping. South Florida Research Center 6. Barber, B. J., and N. J. Blake. 1983. Growth Report SFRC-86/04. and reproduction of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians(Lamarck) at itssoutherndistributionallimit. 18. Bert, T. M., R. E. Warner, and L. D. Kessler. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 66: 247-256. 1978. The biology and Florida fishery of the stone crab, Menippe mercenaria (Say), with emphasis on 7. Barkuloo, J. M. 1973. Fishery management southwest Florida. Fla. Sea Grant Tech. Pap. 9. program - Choctawhatchee striped bass study. U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, North- 19. Bielsa, L. M., W. H. Murdich, and R. F. Labisky. west Florida Striped Bass Project Annual Project 1983. Species profiles: life histories and environ- Report 1972. mental requirements of coastal fishes and inverte- brates (south Florida)-pink shrimp. U. S. Fish Wildl. 8. Bass, D. G., Jr., and V. G. Hitt. 1973. Sport Serv. FWS/OBS-82/11.17. fishery ecology of the Suwannee and Santa Fe Rivers, Florida. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish 20. Blanchet, R. H. 1979. The distribution and Commission, Northeast Region, Lake City, Florida. abundance of ichthyoplankton in the Apalachicola Bay, Florida area. Unpublished M. S. Thesis, Fla. 9. Bass, D. G., Jr., and V. G. Hitt. 1977. Ecology State Univ. Tallahassee. of the Blackwater River system, Florida. Northwest Streams Research Project, Florida Game and Fresh- 21. Blaylock, D. A. 1983. Choctawhatchee Bay: water Fish Commission. Analysis and interpretation of baseline data. Fla. Sea Grant Pap. 29. 10. Bass, D. G., Jr., and V. G. Hitt. 1978. Sport fishery ecology of the Escambia River, Florida. 22. Bortone, S. A., and J. L. Williams. 1986. Spe- Northwest Streams Research Project, Florida Game cies profiles: life histories and environmental require- and Fresh Water Fish Commission. ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (south Florida) - gray, lane, mutton, and yellowtail snap- 11. Bass, D. G., Jr., D. M. Yeager, and V. G. Hitt. pers. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.52). 1979. Ecology of the Yellow River system, Florida. Northwest Streams Research Project, Florida Game 23. Borum, J. L. 1975. A descriptive study of and Freshwater Fish Commission. seasonal fluctuations of macroscopic fauna in the 92 Appendix 7, continued. References submerged grassbeds in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Ph. 34. Buckley, E. N. III. 1973. The fishes of D. Thesis, Univ. South. Miss. Apalachicola Bay system with reference to life his- tory, abundance, distribution, and species diversity. 24. Boschung, H. T.,Jr. 1957. The fishesof Mobile Honors Thesis (unpubl.), Fla. State Univ., Tallahas- Bay and the Gulf coast of Alabama. Ph. D. Thesis, see. Univ. Ala., University. 35. Burch, T. A. 1983. Characterization of oyster 25. Brady, K. D. 1981. Seasonal and spatial distri- beds in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida. Northwest bution of ichthyoplankton in seagrass beds of FloridaWaterManagementDistrictWaterResources Apalachee Bay. Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Fla. State Special Report 83-6. Univ., Tallahassee. 36. Burrell, V. G., Jr. 1986. Species profiles: life 26. Breder, C. M., Jr. 1940. The spawning of Mugil histories and environmental requirements of coastal cephalus on the Florida west coast. Copeia 1940: fishes and invertebrates (South Atlantic)-American 138-139. oyster. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.57). 27. Breder, C. M., Jr. 1942. On the reproduction of 37. Byrd, K. (Project Leader). 1960. Choc- Gobiosoma robustum Ginsburg. Zoologica 27: 61- tawhatchee watershed, Lake and Stream Survey 64. Team No. I. 28. Broadhead, G. C. 1953. Investigations of the 38. Carter, M. R., L. A. Burns, T. R. Cavinder, K. R. black mullet, Mugilcephalus L., in northwest Florida. Dugger, P. L. Fore, D. B. Hicks, H.L. Revello, and Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res. Lab. Tech. Ser. 7. T.W. Schmidt. 1973. Ecosystem analysis of the Big Cypress Swamp and estuaries. U. S. Environmental 29. Browder, J. A. 1985. Relationship between Protection Agency, Region IV, South Florida Eco- pink shrimp production onthe Tortugas Grounds and logical Study. EPA 904/9-74-002. water flow patterns in the Florida Everglades. Bull. Mar. Sci. 37: 839-856. 39. Cheer, G. D. 1974. Species composition and diel variations in the ichthyofaunal community of an 30. Browder, J. A., A. Dragovich, J. Tashiro, E. intertidal grassbed in the northeastern Gulf of Mex- Coleman-Duffie, C. Foltz, and J. Zweifel. 1986. A ico. Unpubl. M. S Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahas- comparison of biological abundances in three adja- see. cent bay systems downstream from the Golden Gate Estates canal system. NOAA Tech.'Memo. NMFS- 40. Christmas, J. Y., and D. J. Etzold. 1977. The SEFC-185. shrimp fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States: a regional management plan. Gulf Coast Res. Tech. 31. Browder, J. A., J. Tashiro, E. Coleman-Duffie, Rep. Ser. 2. 128 p. and A. Rosenthal. 1988. Comparison of ichthyoplank- ton concentrations and water tranport in three bay 41. Christmas, J.Y., D. J. Etzold, and L. B. Simpson systems of the Ten Thousand Islands affected by the 1983. The menhaden fishery of the Gulf of Mexico Golden Gate Estate canal system. Final Report to United States: a regional management plan. Gulf the South Florida Water Management District Con- States Mar. Fish. Comm., Ocean Springs, Miss. tract No. 156-M88-0172-A3. 42. Christmas, J. Y., G. Gunter, and P. Musgrave. 32. Brusher, H. A., and L. H. Ogren. 1976. Distri- 1966. Studies of annual abundance of postlarval bution, abundance, and size of penaeid shrimps in penaeid shrimp in the estuarine waters of Missis- the St. Andrew Bay system, Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. sippi, as related to subsequent commercial catches. 74:158-166. Gulf Res. Rep. 2:177-212. 33. Brusher, H. A., L. A. Trent, and M. L. Williams. 43. Clark, S. H. 1971. Factors affecting the distri- 1978. Recreational fishing for king mackerel in Bay butions of fishes in Whitewater Bay, Everglades county, Florida, during 1975. In C.B. Austin, J.A. National Park, Florida. Univ. Miami, Sea Grant Tech. Browder, R.D. Brugger, and J. C.Davis, (editors) Bull. 8. Mackerel workshop, sponsored by NMFS-SEFC, Roesenteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci- 44. Colby, D. R., G. W. Thayer, W. F. Hettler, and ences, Univ. Miami, Miami, Florida. NOAA contract D. S. Peters. 1985. A comparison of forage fish no. 03-6-042-35137. communities in relation to habitat parameters in 93 Appendix 7, continued. References Faka Union Bay, Florida and eight collateral bays 219. during the wet season. NOAA Tech. Memo. NM FS- SEFC-162. 55. De Sylva, D. P., H. B. Stearns, and D. S. Tabb. 1956. Populations of the black mullet (Mugil cepha- 45. Collins, L. A., and J. H. Finucane. 1984. Ich- lus) in Florida. Fla. Board Conser. Tech. Ser. 19. thyoplankton survey of the estuarine and inshore waters of the Florida Everglades, May 1971 to Feb- 56. De Vlaming, V. L., A. Kuris, and F.R. Parker. ruary 1972. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 6. 1978. Seasonal variation of reproduction and lipid reserves in some subtropical cyprinodontids. Trans. 46. Collins, M. R. 1985. Species profiles: life histo- Am. Fish. Soc. 107: 464-472. ries and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) striped mullet. U. 57. Ditty, J. G. 1986. Ichthyoplankton in neritic S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.24). waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana: composition, relative abundance, and seasonality. 47. Comp, G. S. 1985. A survey of the distribution Fish. Bull., U. S. 84: 935-946. and migration of the fishes in Tampa Bay. In S. F. Treat, J. L. Simon, R. R. Lewis ill, R. L. Whitman, Jr. 58. Dragovich, A., J. A. Kelly, Jr., and H. G. Good- (editors), Proc. Tampa Bay Area Sci. Info. Symp., p. ell. 1968. Hydrological and biological characteristics 393-419. Fla. Sea Grant Coill. Rep. 65. of Florida's west coast tributaries. Fish. Bull., U. S. 66: 463-477. 48. Conservation Consultants, Inc. 1976. Twenty- sixth quarterly report on the Big Bend thermal and 59. Drew, R. D., and N. S. Schomer. 1984. An ecological surveys;five year summary. Prepared for ecological characterization of the Caloosahatchee Tampa Electric Company, Marine Research Labora- River/Big Cypress watershed. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. tory, Tampa, Fla. FWS/OBS-82/58.2. 275 p. 49. Conservation Consultants, Inc. 1977. Ecologi- 60. Duggan, P. J., and R. J. Livingston. 1982. cal studies at Big Bend Steam Electric Station (Tampa Long-term variation of macroinvertebrate assem- Electric Company). An analysis and summary of blages in Apalachee Bay, Florida. Estuarine Coastal studies on the effects of the cooling water system on Shelf Sci. 14: 391-403. aquatic fauna. A316 demonstration biological study. R. D. Garrity, W.J. Tiffany III, and S. Mahadevan 61. Eckmayer, W. J. 1979. The oyster fishery in (editors). Mobile Bay, Alabama. In.H.A. Loyacano Jr., and J. P. Smith (editors), Symposium on the natural resources 50. Cook, H. L., and M. J. Lindner. 1970. Synopsis of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 189-200. U. S. of Biological data on the brown shrimp, Penaeus Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile. aztecus aztecus Ives 1891. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 102. Contribution No. 242, Bureau of Commer- 62. Eldred, B. 1967. Larval tarpon, Megalops at- cial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galveston, lanticus, Valenciennes, (Megalopidae) in Florida Texas. waters. Fla. Board Conser. Mar. Lab. Leaf. Ser. vol. 4, pt. 1, no. 4. 9 p. 51. Cooley, N. R. 1974. Occurence of snook on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico. Fla. Sci. 37: 98- 63. Eldred, B., J. Williams, G. T. Martin, and E. A. 99. Joyce 1965. Seasonal distribution of penaeid larvae and postlarvae of the Tampa Bay area, Florida. Fla. 52. Cooley, N. R. 1978. An inventory of the estu- Board Conser. Mar. Res. Lab. Tech Ser. 44: 1-47. arine fauna in the vicinity of Pensacola, Florida. Fla. Mar. Res. Publ. 31. 64. Estevez, E. D. 1981 (revised 1984). Charlotte Harbor estuarine ecosystem complex: a summary of 53. Copeland, B. J., and T. J. Bechtel. 1974.Some scientific information. Mote Marine Laboratory Re- environmental limits of six Gulf coast estuarine or- view Series 3. 1077 p. ganisms. Mar. Sci. 8: 170-204. 65. Eversole, A. G. 1987. Species profiles: life 54. Crittenden, E. 1958. A pre-impoundment fish- histories and environmental requirements of coastal ery study of North Bay and associated water, Bay fishes and invertebrates (south Atlantic)-hard clam. County, Florida. In J.W. Webb (editor), Proc. Ann. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.75). Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Game Fish Comm, p. 211- 94 Appendix 7, continued. References 66. Fable, W. A., Jr., H. A. Brusher, L. Trent, and Fla. Board Conserv., Div. Salt Water Fisheries, Spec. J. Finnegan, Jr. 1981. Possible temperature effects Sci. Rep. 16. on charter boat catches of king mackerel and other coastal pelagic species in Northwest Florida. Mar. 77. Garrity, R. D.,W. J.Tiffany, III, and S. Mahade- Fish. Rev. 43(8): 21-26. van (editors). 1977. Ecological studies at Big Bend Steam Electric station (Tampa Electric Company). 67. Fay, C. W., R. J. Neves, and G. B. Pardue. Vol. 3, An analysis and summary of studies on the 1983. Species profile: life histories and environ- effects of the cooling water system on aquatic fauna, mental requirements of coastal fishes and inverte- A 316 demonstration biological survey. Conserva- brates (Mid-Atlantic)--bay scallop. U. S. Fish Wildl. tion Consultant, Inc., Palmetto, Fla. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.12). 78. Gilbert, C. 1986a. Species profiles: life histo- 68. Finucane, J. H. 1969. Ecology of the pompano ries and environmental requirements of coastal fishes (Trachinotus carolinus) and the permit (T. falcatus) in and invertebrates (south Florida)-Florida pompano. Florida. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98: 478-486. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.41). 69. Finucane, J. H., H. A. Brusher, and L. A. 79. Gilbert, C. R. 1986b. Species profiles: life Collins. 1980. Spawning of the bluefish, Pomatomus histories and environmental requirements of coastal saltatrix, in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. North- fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) -southern, east Gulf Sci. 4: 57-59. gulf, and summerflounder. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol. Rep. 82(11.54). 70. Finucane, J. H., and L. A. Collins. 1986. Re- production of spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus 80. Godcharles, M. F., and W. C. Jaap. 1973a. maculatus, from the southeastern U. S. Northeast Fauna and flora in hydraulic dredge collections from Gulf Sci. 8: 97-106. Florida's west and southwest coast. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res., Mar. Res. Lab. Spec. Sci. Rep. 40. 71. Fishery Management Plan. 1981. Final envi- ronmental impact statement. Regulatory impact 81. Godcharles, M. F., and W. C. Jaap. 1973b. review. Draft regulations for coastal migratory pe- Exploratory clam survey of Florida nearshore and lagic resources in the Gulf of Mexico and South estuarine waters with commercial hydraulic dredg- Atlantic Region. Gulf of Mexico Fishery Manage- ing gear. Fla. Dept. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. ment Council and South Atlantic Fishery Manage- Pap. Ser. 21. ment Council. 82. Godcharles, M. F., and M. D. Murphy. 1986. 72. Florida Department of Environmental Regula- Species profiles and environmental requirements of tion. 1985. Limnology of the Suwannee River, Flor- coastalfishes and invertebrates (South Florida)-king ida. mackerel and Spanish mackerel. U. S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol. Rep. 82(11.58). 73. Fore, P. L., and T. W. Schmidt. 1973. Biology of juvenile and adult snook, Centropomus undeci- 83. Goodwin, IV, J. M., and A. G. Johnson. 1986. malis, in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, p. 1-18. Age, growth, and mortality of blue runner, Caranx In Ecosystem analysis of the Big Cypress swamps crysos, from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Northeast and estuaries. U. S. E. P. A. Atlanta, GA. Gulf Sci. 8: 107-114. 74. Fritzche, R.A. 1978. Development of fishes of 84. Greeley, M. S., Jr., and R. MacGregor, Ill. the mid-Atlantic Bight, Volume V. U. S. Fish Wildl. 1983. Annual and semilunar reproductive cycles of Serv. FWS/OBS-78/12. the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, on the Alabama gulf coast. Copeia 1983: 711-718. 75. Fruge, D. J., and F. M. Truesdale. 1978. Comparative larval development of Micropogonias 85. Greening, H. S. 1980. Diel and seasonal vari- undulatus and Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces: sci- ations in the structure of epibenthic macroinverte- aenidae) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Copeia brate communities of seagrass beds in Apalachee 1978: 643-648. Bay, Florida. M.S. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahas- see. 76. Futch, C. R., and J. Martina, Jr. 1967. A survey of the oyster resources of Bay County, Florida, with special reference to selection of clutch planting sites. 95 Appendix 7, continued. References 86. Grimes, C. B. 1971. Thermal addition studies lahassee. 555 p. of the Crystal River Steam Electric Station. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. 11. 97. Hastings, P. A. 1974. Vertebrates. InA. Long, Project Director. Baseline study of physical, chemi- 87. Grimes, C. B. 1987. Reproductive biology of cal, biological, and socioeconomic parameters of the Lutjanidae: a review. In J.J. Polovina and S. Navarre Beach. National Science Foundation Stu- Ralston (editors), Tropical snapper and groupers - dent Originated Studies Report, University of West ecology and fisheries management, p. 239-294. Florida, Pensacola. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo. 98. Hastings R. W. 1979. The origin and season- 88. Grimes, C. B., and J. A. Mountain. 1971. ality of the fish fauna on a new jetty in the northeast- Effects of thermal effluent upon marine fishes near ern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 24: the Crystal River Steam Electric Station. Fla. Nat. 1-122. Res. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. 17. 99. Hayes, P. F. and R.W. Menzel. 1981. The 89. Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. reproductive cycle of early setting Crassostrea vir- 1978. Final environmental impact statement and ginica(Gmelin) inthe northernGulf of Mexico, and its fishery management plan for the stone crab fishery implications for population recruitment. Biol. Bull. of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Fishery Man- (Woods Hole) 160: 80-88. agement Council, Tampa, Florida. 100. Heard, R. W. 1982. Guide to common tidal 90. Gunter, G. 1945. Studies of marine fishes of marsh invertebrates of the northeastern Gulf of Texas. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 1:1-190. Mexico. Miss. Ala. Sea Grant Consortium MASGP- 79-004. 91. Gunter, G. 1967. Some relationships of estu- aries to the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico. Publ. Am. 101. Heath, S. R. 1979. Shrimp assessment and Assoc. Adv. Sci. 83: 621 -638. managementinthe Mobile estuary. InH.A. Loyacano Jr., and J.P Smith (editors.), Symposium on the 92. Gunter, G., J. Y. Christmas, and R. Killebrew. natural resources of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 1964. Some relations of salinity to population distri- 201-209. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile. butions of motile estuarine organisms, with special reference to penaeid shrimp. Ecology 45:181-185. 102. Heath, S. R., M. Van Hoose, H. G. Lazauski, H. A. Swingle, and W. M. Tatum 1986. Annual report. 93. Gunter, G. and G. E. Hall. 1965. A biological Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural investigation of the Caloosahatchee estuary of Flor- Resources, Marine Resources Division, Dauphin ida. Gulf Res. Rep. 2: 1-71. Island. 93.1 Gunter,J.S.,and E.L.Barnett.1986.Compre- 103. Hildebrand, S. F. 1917. Notes on the life his- hensive shellfish harvesting area survey for West tory of the minnows Gambusia affinis and Cyprino- bay, Bay County, Florida. Florida Department Natu- don variegatus. U. S. Comm. Fish. Rep. 6: 1-14. ral Resources, Shellfish Environmental Assessment Section, Tallahassee, 126 pp. 104. Holt, J., A. G. Johnson, C. R. Arnold, W. A. Fable, Jr., and T. O. Williams. 1981. Description of 94. Hansen, D. J. 1969. Food, growth, migration, eggs and larvae of laboratory reared red drum, reproduction and abundance of pinfish, Lagodon Sciaenops ocellatus. Copeia 1981: 751-756. rhomboides, and Atlantic croaker, Micropogon un- dulatus, near Pensacola, Florida, 1963-65. Fish. 105. Hooks, T. A. 1973. An analysis and compari- Bull., U. S. 68: 135-146. son of the benthic invertebrate communities in Fen- holloway and Econfina estuaries of Apalachee Bay, 95. Hardy, J. D., Jr. 1978. Development of fishes Florida. M.S. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee. of the Mid-Atlantic Bight: an atlas of egg, larval, and juvenile stages, Vol. III. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 106. Hooks, T. A., K. L. Heck, Jr., and R. J. Living- FWS-OBS-78/12. ston. 1976. An inshore marine invertebrate commu- nity: structure and habitat associations in the north- 96. Hastings, R. W. 1972. Origin and seasonality eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 26: 99-109. of the fish fauna on a new jetty in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Ph.D. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tal- 96 Appendix 7, continued. References 107. Hudson, J. H., D. M. Allen, and T. J. Costello. 119. Jovanovich, M. C., and K. R. Marion. 1989. 1970. The flora and fauna of a basin in central Florida Gametogenic cycle of Rangia cuneata (Mactridae, Bay. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 604 Mollusca) in Mobile Bay, Alabama, with Comments P. of geographic variation. Bull. Mar. Sci. 45: 130-138. 108. Ingle, R. M. 1957. Intermittent shrimp sam- 120. Kilby,J.B.1955.ThefishesoftwoGulfcoastal pling in Apalachicola Bay with biological notes and marsh areas of Florida. Tulane Stud. Zool. 2:174- regulatory applications. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 247. 9: 6-17. 121. Klima, E. F., and D. C. Tabb. 1959. Acontribu- 109. Ingle, R. M. 1962. Intermittent shrimp sam- tiontothe biologyofthe spotted weakfish, Cynoscion pling in Apalachicola Bay with biological notes and nebulosus, (Cuvier) from northwest Florida, with a regulatory applications. Fla. Board Conserv. Mar. description of thefishery. Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res. Lab. Contrib. 67. Lab. Tech. Ser. 30. 110. Ingle, R. M., and C. E. Dawson, Jr. 1953. A 122. Kobylinski, G. J., and P. F. Sheridan. 1979. survey of Apalachicola Bay Fla. Board Conserv. Mar. Distribution, abundance, feeding and long term fluc- Res. Lab. Tech. Ser. 10. tuations of spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, 1972-1977. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 22: 149-161. 111. Irby, E. W., Jr. 1974. A fishing survey of Choc- tawhatchee Bay and adjacent Gulf of Mexico waters. 123. Kunnke, J. T., and T. F. Palik. 1984. Tampa Fla. Res. Publ. 2. Bay environmental atlas. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(15). 73 p. 112. Iversen, E. S., and D. C. Tabb. 1962. Sub- populations based on growth and tagging studies of 124. Lane, J. A. 1986. Upper temperature toler- spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Florida. ances of summer and winter acclimatized Rangia Copeia 1962: 544-548. cuneata of different sizes from Perdido Bay, Florida. Northeast Gulf Sci. 8: 163-166. 113. Jannke, T. E. 1971. Abundance of young sci- aenid fishes in Everglades National Park, Florida in 125. Lane, J. M. 1986. Allometric and biochemical relation to season and other variables. Univ. Miami studies on starved and unstarved clams, Rangia Sea Grant Program Sea Grant Tech. Bull. 11. 126 p. cuneata (Sowerby, 1831). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 95: 131-143. 114. Johnson, D. R., and W. Seaman, Jr. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental 126. LaSalle, M. W., and A. A. de la Cruz. 1985. requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates Species profiles: life histories and environmental (south Florida)-spotted seatrout. U. S. Fish Wildl. requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.43). (Gulf of Mexico)-common rangia. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.31) 115. Johnson, G. D. 1978. Development of fishesof the mid-Atlantic Bight, Vol. IV. U. S. Fish Wildl Serv. 127. Lassuy, D. R. 1983a. Species profiles: life FWS/OBS-78/12. histories and environmental requirements (Gulf of Mexico)-brown shrimp. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/ 116. Jones, P. W., F. D. Martin, and J. D. Hardy, Jr. OBS-82/11.1. 15 p. 1978. Development of fishes of the mid-Atlantic Bight, Vol. I. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS78/12. 128. Lassuy, D. R. 1983b. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements (Gulf of 117. Joseph, E. B. 1952. The fishes of Alligator Mexico)-Gulf menhaden. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Harbor, Florida, with notes on their natural history. FWS/OBS-82/11.2. 13 p. Unpubl. M. S. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee. 129 Lassuy, D. R. 1983c. Species profiles: Life 118. Joseph, E. B., and R. W. Yerger. 1956. The histories and environmental requirements (Gulf of fishes of Alligator Harbor, Florida, with notes on their Mexico)-Atlantic croaker. U. S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. natural history. Pap. Oceanogr. Inst. Fla. State Univ. FWS/OBS-82/11.3.12 p. Stud. 2:111-156. 130. Lassuy, D. R. 1983d. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements (Gulf of 97 Appendix 7, continued. References Mexico)-spotted seatrout. U. S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. 141. Livingston, R. J. 1976. Diurnal and seasonal FWS/OBS-82/11.4. 14 p. fluctuations of organisms in a north Florida estuary. Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci. 4: 373-400. 131. Laurence, G. C., and R. W. Yerger. 1967. Life history studies of the Alabama shad, Alosa ala- 142. Livingston, R. J. 1984. The Ecology of the bamae, in the Apalachicola River, Florida. Proc. Ann. Apalachicola Bay System: an estuarine profile. U. S. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Game Fish Comm. 20: 260- Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS 82/05. 148 p. 272. 143. Livingston, R. J. 1986. Final report: the Choc- 132. Leadon, C. J. 1979. Environmental effects of tawhatchee River - Bay System Center for Aquatic riverflows and levels in the Suwannee River estuary, Research and Resource Management, Florida State Florida. Interim Report, Suwannee River Water University, Tallahassee. Management District, Live Oak. 144. Livingston, R. J., R. L. Iverson, R. H. Estab- 133. Leber, K. M, and H. S. Greening. 1986. Corn- rook, V. E. Keys, and J. Taylor Jr. 1974. Major munity studies in seagrass meadows: a comparison features of the Apalachicola Bay system: physiogra- of two methodsforsampling macroinvertebrates and phy, biota, and resource management. Florida Sci. fishes. Fish. Bull., U. S. 84:443-450. 37: 245-271. 134. Lee, C.1979. The seasonal and spatial setting 145. Livingston, R. J., G. L. Kobylinski, F. G. Lewis, of oyster spat and other settling organisms in Mobile ill, and P. F. Sheridan. 1976. Long term fluctuations Bay in relation to temperature, salinity, and secchi of epibenthic fish and invertebrate populations in disc visibility. Unpubl. M. S. Thesis, Univ. Ala., Uni- Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 74:311 - versity. 321. 135. Leitman, S., K. Brady, L. Edmiston, T. McAlppin, 146. Livingston, R. J., P.S. Sheridan, B. G. McLane, and V. Tauxee. 1986. Apalachicola Bay dredged F. G. Lewis, IIIl and G. G. Kobylinski. 1977. The biota material disposal plan. Florida Department of Envi- of the Apalachicola Bay system: functional ronmental Regulation. relationships. In R. J. Livingston and E. A. Joyce, Jr., (editors), Proceedings of the Conference on the 136. Lewis, R. R. ill, and E. D. Estevez. 1988. The Apalachicola Drainage System, 23-24 April 1976, ecology of Tampa Bay, Florida: an estuarine profile. Gainesville, Florida, p. 75-100. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 85(7.18). 132 p. Mar. Res. Lab. Mar. Res. Publ. 26. 137. Lindall, W. N., Jr., J. R. Hall, and C. H. Salo- 147. Loesch, H.C. 1965. Distribution and growth of man. 1973. Fishes, macroinvertebrates, and hydro- penaeid shrimp in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Univ. Tex. logical conditions of upland canals in Tampa Bay, Inst. Mar. Sci. Publ. 10: 41-58. Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 71:155-163. 148. Loesch, H. C. 1976a. Shrimp population den- 138. Lindall W. N., Jr., J. R. Hall, W. A. Fable, Jr., sities within Mobile Bay. Gulf Res. Rep. 5: 11-16. and L. A. Collins. 1973. A survey of fishes and commercial invertebrates of the nearshore and estu- 149. Loesch, H. C. 1976b. Penaeid shrimp distribu- arine zone between Cape Romano and Cape Sable, tions in Mobile Bay, Alabama, including low salinity Florida. National Marine Fisheries Service, National records. Gulf Res. Rep. 5: 43-45. Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 62 p. 150. Loosanoff, V. L., W. S. Miller, and P. B. Smith. 139. Lindberg, W. J., and M. J. Marshall. 1984. 1951. Growth and setting of larvae of Venus merce- Species profiles: life histories and environmental naria in relation to temperature. J. Mar. Res. 10: 59- requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates 81. (south Florida)-stone crab. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/11.21. 17 p. 151. Lorio, W. J., and W. S. Perret. 1980. Biology and ecology of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulo- 140. Livingston, R. J. 1975. Impact of Kraft pulp mill sus Cuvier). In Proceedings of the colloquium on the effluentsonestuarineandcoastalfishesinApalachee biology and management of red drum and spotted Bay, Florida, USA. Mar. Biol. (Berlin.) 32:19-48. seatrout, p. 7-13. Gulf States Fisheries Commission, Ocean Springs, Miss. 98 Appendix 7, continued. References 152. Mahoney, B. M. S., and R. J. Livingston. 1982. portion, cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inven- Seasonal fluctuations of benthic macrofauna in the tory. U. S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. Data Rep. 95. 229 Apalachicola estuary, Florida USA: the role of preda- p. tion. Mar. Biol. 69: 207-213. 165. Menzel, W. R. 1971. Checklist of the Marine 153. Manooch, C. S., Ill. 1984. Fisherman's guide fauna and flora of the Apalachee Bay and the St. tothefishes of the southeastern United States. North George's Sound area. Dept. Oceanogr., Fla. State Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh. Univ., Tallahassee. 154. Marshall, A. R. 1958. A survey of the snook 166. Mercer, L. P. 1984a. A biological and fisheries fishery of Florida, with studies of the biology of the profile of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus. N. principal species, Centropomusundecimalis(Bloch). C. Div. Mar. Fish. Spec. Sci. Rep. 40. Morehead City, Fla. State Board Cons. Mar. Lab. Tech. Ser. No. 22. N.C. 39 pp. 167. Mercer, L. P. 1984b. A biological and fisheries 155. Marx, J. M., and W. F. Herrnkind. 1986. Spe- profile of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. N. C. Div. cies profiles: life histories and environmental require- Mar. Fish. Spec. Sci. Rep. 41, Morehead City, NC ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (south Florida)-spiny lobster. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. 168. Mercer, L. P. 1984c. Fishery management Rep. 82(11.61). plan for the red drum, (Sciaenops ocellatus). N. C. Div. Mar. Fish. Spec. Sci. Rep. 44, Morehead City, 156. May, E. B. 1969. Feasibility of off bottom NC oyster culture in Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 3. 169. Merriner, J. V. 1980. History and management 157. May, E. B. 1971. A survey of the oyster and of the spotted seatrout fishery. In Proceedings of the oyster shell resources of Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. colloquium on the biology and management of red Bull. 4. drum and spotted seatrout, p. 55-61. Gulf States Mar. Fish. Comm., Ocean Springs, Miss. 158. May, E. B. 1972. The effects of floodwater on oysters in Mobile Bay. Proc. Natl. Shellfish Assoc. 170. Miles, R. W. 1951. An analysis of the "Trash 62: 67-71. Fish" of shrimp trawlers operating in Apalachicola Bay and the adjacent Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, 159. May, E. B., and D. G. Bland. 1970. Survival of Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee. young oysters in areas of different salinity in Mobile Bay. Proc. SE Assoc. Gamefish Comm. 23:519-521. 171. Millikin, M. R., and A. B. Williams. 1984. Syn- opsis of biological data on the blue crab, Callinectes 160. May, N., L. Trent, and P.J. Pristas. 1976. sapidus Rathbun. FAO Fish. Synop. 138. Relation of fish catches in gill nets to frontal periods. Fish. Bull., U. S. 74: 449-453. 172. Mills, J. G., Jr. 1972. Biology of the Alabama shad in northwest Florida. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res. Mar. 161. Mc Kenney, T. W., E. C. Alexander, and G. L. Res. Res. Lab. Tech. Ser. 60. Voss. 1958. Early development and larval distribu- tion of the carangid fish, Caranx crysos (Mitchell). 173. Moe, M. A., and G. T. Martin. 1965. Fishes Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib. 8: 167-200. taken in monthly trawl samples offshore of Pinellas County, Florida, with new additions to the fish fauna 162. McMichael, R. H., Jr., and K. M. Peters. 1989. of the Tampa Bay area. Tulane Stud. Zool. 12:129- Early Life History of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion 151. nebulosus(Pisces: Sciaenidae), in Tampa Bay, Flor- ida. Estuaries 12: 98-110. 174. Moffet, A. W. 1961. Movements and growth of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier), in 163. McMichael, R. H. Jr., K. M. Peters, and G. R. West Florida. Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res. Lab. Tech. Parsons. 1989. Early life history of the snook, Cen- Ser. 36:1-35. tropomusundecimalis, in Tampa Bay, Florida. North- east Gulf Science 10: 113-125. 175. Mountain, J. A. 1972. Furtherthermal addition studies at Crystal River,Florida - with an annotated 164. Mc Nulty, J. K., W. N. Lindall, Jr., and E. A. checklist of marine fishes collected 1969-1971. Fla. Anthony. 1974. Data of the biology phase, Florida Dept. Nat. Res. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. 20. 99 Appendix 7, continued. References 176. Muncy, R. J. 1984a. Species profiles: life his- 186. Ogren, L. H., and H. A. Brusher. 1977. The tories and environmental requirements of coastal distribution and abundance of fishes caught with a fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)- pinfish. U. trawl in the St. Andrew Bay System, Florida. North- S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/11.26. east Gulf Sci. 1: 83-105. 177. Muncy, R. J. 1984b. Species profiles: life his- 187. Olinger, L. W., R. G. Rogers, P. L. Fore, R. L. tories and environmental requirements of coastal Todd, B. L. Mullins, F. T. Bisterfeld, and L. A. Wise, fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)-white II. 1975. Environmental and recovery studies of Es- shrimp. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/1 1.20. cambia Bay and the Pensacola Bay system, Florida. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV, 178. Munro, J. L., A. C. Jones, and D. Dimitriou. Surveillance and Analysis Division, Escambia Bay 1968. Abundance and distribution of larval pink shrimp Recovery Study. (Penaeus duorarum) on the Tortugas Shelf of Flor- ida, August 1962 - October 1964. Fish. Bull., U. S. 188. Overstreet, R. M. 1983a. Aspects of the biol- 67:165-181. ogy of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Mississippi. Gulf Res. Rep., Suppl. 1:1-43. 179. Nakamura, E. L. 1976. Scombrid fishes in St. Andrew Bay, Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 26: 619-621. 189. Overstreet, R. M. 1983b. Aspects of the biol- ogy of the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, in Missis- 180. Naughton, S. P., and C. H. Saloman. 1978. sippi. Gulf Res. Rep., Suppl. 1: 45-68. Fishes of the nearshore zone of St. Andrew Bay, Florida, and adjacent coast. Northeast Gulf Sci. 2: 190. Parrish, P. R. 1968. Seasonal occurrence of 43-55. marine and freshwater fishes in relation to salinity and temperature in the lower Ochlocknee River, 181. Nelson, W. R. 1969. Studies on the croaker, Florida. M. S. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee. Micropogon undulatus Linnaeus, and the spot, Lei- ostomus xanthurus Lacepede, in Mobile Bay, Ala- 191. Parrish, P.R.,andR.W.Yerger. 1973.Ochlock- bama. J. Mar. Sci. Ala. 1: 4-92. onee River fishes: salinity-temperature effects. Fla. Sci. 36:179-186. 182. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service). 1986. Secretarial fishery management plan regula- 192. Peebles, E. B., and S. G. Tolley. 1988. Distri- tory impact review and regulatory flexibility analysis bution, growth, and mortality of larval spotted seatrout, for the red drum fishery of the Gulf of Mexico. Cynoscion nebulosus: A comparison between two Prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service, adjacent estuarine areas of Southeast Florida. Bull. NOAA, Dept. of Commerce. Mar. Sci. 42: 397-410. 183. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric 193. Perret, W. S., B. B. Barrett, W. R. Latapie, J. F. Administration). 1985. Gulf of Mexico Coastal and Pollard, W. R. Mock, G. B. Adkins, W. J. Gaidry, and Ocean Zones Strategic Assessment: Data Atlas. U. C. J. White. 1971. Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estu- S. Dept. Commerce., Washington, D.C. arine inventory and study, Louisiana. Phase I, area description and Phase IV, biology. La. Wildl. Fish. 184. Oesterling, M. L., and C. A. Adams. 1982. Comm. 175 p. Migration of blue crabs along Florida's Gulf coast. In H. M. Perry and W. A. Engle (editors), Proceedings 194. Perret, W. S., J. E. Weaver, R.O. Williams P. of the Blue Crab Colloquium October 18-19,1979. p. L. Johansen, T. D. Mcllwain, R. C. Raulerson, and W. 37-57. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, M. Tatum. 1980. Fishery profiles of red drum and Biloxi, Miss. spotted seatrout. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission No. 6. 185. Oesterling, M. L., and G. L. Evink. 1977. Rela- tionship between Florida's blue crab population and 195. Perry, H. M., editor. 1982. A profile of the blue Apalachicola Bay. In R. J. Livingston and E. A. Joyce, crab fishery of the Gulf of Mexico. Completion Re- Jr. (editors), Proceedings of the Conference on the port, contract number 000-010, Gulf States Marine Apalachicola Drainage System, 23-24 April, Fisheries Commission. Gainesville, Florida, p. 101-121. Fla. Mar. Res. Publ. 26. 196. Peters, K. M., and R. H. McMichael, Jr. 1987. Early life history of the red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus (Pisces: sciaenidae), in Tampa Bay, Florida. Estuar- 100 Appendix 7, continued. References ies 10: 92-107. fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)-red drum. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82 (11.36). 197. Phillips, T. D. 1986. Apollo Beach northern embayment fisheries (1984-1986), biological moni- 208. Reagan, R. E., Jr., and W. M. Wingo. 1985. toring program, Big Bend Unit 4, final report. Submit- Species profiles: life histories and environmental ted to Tampa Electric Company, Tampa, Fla. by requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida. (Gulf of Mexico)-southem flounder. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.30). 198. Phillips, R. C., and V. G. Springer. 1960. A report on the hydrography, marine plants and fishes 209. Reid, G. K. 1954. An ecological study of the of the Caloosahatchee River area, Lee County, Gulf of Mexico fishes in the vicinity of Cedar Key, Florida. Fla. Board Cons. Spec. Sci. Rep. 5. Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 4:1-94. 199. Powell, A. B., D. E. Hoss, W. F. Hettler, D. S. 210. Rivas, L. R. 1954. The origin, relationships, Peters, L. Simoneaux, and S. Wagner. 1987. Abun- and geographical distribution of the marine fishes of dance and distribution of ichthyoplankton in Florida the Gulf of Mexico. Fish. Bull., U. S. 89: 503-505. Bay and adjacent waters. South Florida Research Report SFRS-87/01. 211. Rivas, L. R. 1962. The Florida fishes of the genus Centropomus, commonly known as snook. Q. 200. Powell, A. B., D. E. Hoss, W. F. Hettler, D. S. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 25: 53-64. Peters, and S. Wagner. 1989. Abundance and distri- bution of ichthyoplankton in Florida Bay and adjacent 212. Robinette, H. R. 1983. Species profiles: life waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44: 35-48. histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)-bay an- 201. Powell,G.V.N.,S.Sogard,andJ.G.Holmquist. chovy and striped anchovy. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. 1986. Ecology of shallow water bank habitats in FWS/OBS82/11.14. Florida Bay. Final report for Contract CX5280-3-2- 2339, South Florida Research Center, National Park 213. Robison, D. E. 1985. Variability in the vertical Service, Everglades National Park, Homestead, distribution of ichthyoplankton in lower Tampa Bay. Florida 33030. In S. F. Trent, J. L. Simon, R. R. Lewis ill, and R. L. Whitman, Jr. (editors), Tampa Bay area scientific 202. Price, W. W., and R. A. Schlueter. 1985. Fishes information symposium May, 1982, p. 359-383. of the littoral zone of McKay Bay, Tampa Bay Sys- Burgess Publishing Co. Minneapolis, MN. tem, Florida. Fla. Sci. 48: 83-96. 214. Roessler, M. A. 1970. Checklist of fishes in 203. Pristas, P. J., and L. Trent. 1977. Compari- Buttonwood Canal, Everglades National Park, Flor- sons of catches of fishes in gill nets in relation to ida, and observations on the seasonal occurrence webbing material, time of day, and water depth in St. and life histories of selected species. Bull. Mar. Sci. Andrew Bay, Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 75: 103-108. 20: 861-893. 204. Pristas, P. J., and L. Trent. 1978. Seasonal 215. Rulifson, R. A., and M. T. Huish. 1982. Anad- abundance, size, and sex ratio of fishes caught with romous fish in the southeastern United States and gill nets in St. Andrew Bay, Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 28: recommendations for development of a manage- 581-589. ment plan. Contract No. 14-16-0004-80-077 for U. S. Fish Wildl. Ser., Region 4, Regional Office, Atlanta, 205. Purcell, B. H. 1977. The ecologyof the epiben- Ga. thic fauna associated with Vallisneria americana beds in a North Florida estuary. Unpubl. M. S. 216. Rulifson,R.A.,M.T.Huish,andR.W.Thoesen. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee. 1982. Status of anadromous fishes in Southeastern U. S. estuaries. In V.S. Kennedy (editor), Estuarine 206. Raney, E. C., R. H. Bachus, R. W. Crawford, Comparisons, p. 413-425. Academic Press, New and C. R. Robins. 1953. Reproductive behavior in York. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede, in Florida. Zool- ogica 38: 97-104. 217. Russell, R. 1965. Some notes on the life his- tory of shrimps of commercial importance in the Gulf 207. Reagan, R. E. 1985. Species profiles: life of Mexico- a literature review. Unpubl. document. histories and environmental requirements of coastal Gulf Coast Research Lab. Library, Ocean Springs, 101 Appendix 7, continued. References Miss. 228. Sheridan, P. F. 1979. Trophic resource utiliza- tion bythree species of sciaenid fishes in a northwest 218. Rutherford, E. S., T. W. Schmidt, andT. Tilmont. Florida estuary. Northeast Gulf Sci. 3:1-15. 1986. The distribution and abundance of larval and juvenile spotted seatrout, red drum, gray snapper, 229. Sheridan, P. F., and R. J. Livingston. 1979. and snook within Florida Bay. U. S. Natl. Park Serv. Cyclictrophicrelationshipsof fishes inanunpolluted, S. Fla. Res. Cent. Rep. SFRC-86/07. river-dominated estuary in north Florida. In R. J. Livingston, (editor), Ecological processes in coastal 219. Rutherford, E. S., T. W. Schmidt, and J. Til- and marine systems, p. 143-161. Plenum Press, mant. 1989. Early life historyof spotted seatrout (Cy- New York. noscion nebulosus) and gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, 230. Sheridan, P. F., D. L. Trimm, and B. M. Baker. Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44: 49-64. 1984. Reproduction and food of northern Gulf of Mexico fishes. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 27: 175-204. 220. Rutherford, E. S., E. B. Thue, and D. G. Buker. 1983. Population structure, food habits and spawn- 231. Shipp, L. P. 1964. The vertical and horizontal ing activity of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus, in distribution of decapod larvae in relation to some Everglades National Park. U. S. Natl. Park Serv., S. environmental conditions within a salt marsh area of Fla. Res. Cent. Rep. SFRC-83/02. the north central Gulf of Mexico. Unpubl. M. S. Thesis, Univ. S. Ala., Mobile. 221. Saloman, C. H., and S. P. Naughton. 1979. Fishes of the littoral zone, Pinellas County, Florida. 232. Shipp, R. L. 1979. Summary of knowledge of Fla. Sci. 42(2):85-93. forage fish species of Mobile Bay and vicinity. In H.A. Loyacano, Jr. and J.P. Smith, (editors), Symposium 222. Saloman, C. H., S. P. Naughton, and J. L. on the natural resources of the Mobile estuary, Taylor. 1982. Benthic faunal assemblages of shal- Alabama, p. 167-176. U. S. Army Corps of Engi- low water, sand, and seagrass habitats, St. Andrew neers, Mobile. Bay, Florida. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Panama City, Florida. 233. Shipp, R. L. 1982. Larval fish stocks. Dauphin Island Sea Lab Tech. Rep. 82-003. 223. Sastry, A. N. 1963. Reproduction of the bay scallop, Aequipecten irradians Lamarck. Influences 234. Shipp, R. L. 1984. Fish stocks of the Alabama of temperature on maturation and spawning. Biol. coastal area. Dauphin Island Sea LabTech. Rep. 84- Bull. 125: 146-153. 002. 224. Schmidt, T. W. 1976. Seasonal biomass esti- 235. Shipp, R. L. 1987. Temporal distribution of mates of marine and estuarine fishes within Ever- finfish eggs and larvae around Mobile Bay. In T. A. glades National Park, May 1973 to July 1974. In Lowery (editor), Symposium on the natural resources Proceedings of the First Conference on Scientific of the Mobile Bay estuary. p. 44-54. MS/AL Sea Research in the National Parks, Vol 1, p. 665-672. U. Grant, MASGP-87-007. S. Dept. Int., National Park Service. 236. Shlossman, P. A. 1980. Aspects of the life 225. Schomer, N. S., and R. D. Drew. 1982. An history of the sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius in ecological characterization of the lower Everglades, the Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Tex. A&M Univ. Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. U. S. Fish Wildl. College Station. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/58.1. 237. Shlossman, P. A., and M. E. Chittenden, Jr. 226. Seaman, W., Jr., and M. Collins. 1983. Spe- 1981. Reproduction, movements, and population cies profiles: life histories and environmental require- dynamics of the sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius. ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Fish. Bull., U. S. 79: 649-669. Florida) -snook. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS- 82111.16. 16p. 238. Sims, H. W., Jr., and R. J. Stokes. 1967. A surveyof the hard shell clam Mercenaria campechien- 227. Sheridan, P. F. 1978. Trophic relationships of sis (Gmelin) population in Tampa Bay, Florida. Fla. dominant fishes in the Apalachicola Bay system Board Cons. Mar. Res. Lab. Spec. Sci. Rep.17. (Florida). Ph. D. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahas- see. 102 Appendix 7, continued. References 239. Smith, D. G. 1980. Early larvae of the tarpon, system, Florida, and adjacent coastal waters, 1973. Megalops atlanticus. with notes on spawning in the NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-708. Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Channel. Bull. Mar. Sci. 30:136-141. 251. Sutter, F. C., and T. D. Mcllwain. 1987. Spe- cies profiles: life histories and environmental require- 240. Smith, M. F., Jr., (editor). 1984. Ecological ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of characterization atlas of coastal Alabama: map nar- Mexico)-sand seatrout and silver seatrout. U. S. Fish rative. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS82/64. Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.72). 241. Sogard, S. M., G. V. Powell, and J. G. 252. Suttkus, R. D., and G. E. Gunning. 1986. Holmquist. 1987. Epibenthic fishes on Florida Bay Biologicalsurveyof PerdidoBay.Annual reportto St. banks: relations with physical parameters and Regis Paper Company. Cantonment, Fla. seagrass cover. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 40: 25-39. 253. Swift, I. R. 1983. A multivariate assessment of 242. Springer, V. G., and A. J. McErlean. 1961. the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the Spawning seasons and growth of the code goby, fishes of Bon Secour Bay, Alabama. Unpubl. M. S. Gobiosoma robustum (Pisces: Gobiidae), in the Thesis, Univ. S. Ala., Mobile. Tampa Bay area. Tulane Stud. Zool. 9: 87-98. 254. Swingle, H. A. 1971. Biology of Alabama estu- 243. Springer, V. G., and A. J. McErlean. 1962. arine areas- Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine Seasonality of fishes on a south Florida shore. Bull. inventory. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 5:1-123. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib. 12: 39-60. 255. Swingle, H. A. 1979. Commercial fisheries and 244. Springer, V. G. and D. K. Woodbum. 1960. An the Mobile estuary. In H.A. Loyacano Jr., and J.P. ecological study of the fishes of the Tampa Bay area. Smith (editors), Symposium on the natural resources Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. 1:1-104. of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 185-188. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile. 245. Stanley, J. G., and M. A. Sellers. 1986. Spe- cies profile: life histories and environmental require- 256. Swingle, H. A., and D. G. Bland.1974a. Distri- ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of bution of the estuarine clam Rangia cuneata Gray in Mexico)-American oyster. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. coastal waters of Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 10: Biol. Rep. 82(11.64). 9-16. 246. Steele, P. 1982. A synopsis of the biology of 257. Swingle, H. A., and D. G. Bland. 1974b. A the blue crab CallinectessapidusRathbun in Florida. study of the fishes of the coastal watercourses of In H. M. Perry and W. A. Van Engel (editors), Pro- Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 10: 22-102. ceedings of the Blue Crab Colloquium, October 18- 19, 1979. p. 29-35. Gulf States Marine Fisheries 258. Swingle, W. E. 1972. Survey of the live bait Commission, Biloxi, Miss. shrimp industry of Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 8: 1- 8. 247. Stickney, R. R. 1984. Estuarine ecology of the Southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico. 259. Sykes, J. E., and J. H. Finucane. 1965-66. Tex. A & M Univ., College Station. Occurrence in Tampa Bay, Florida, of immature species dominant in Gulf of Mexico commercial 248. Subrahmanyham, D. G. and S. H. Drake. fisheries. Fish. Bull., U. S. 65: 369-379. 1975. Studies on the animal communities in two north Florida salt marshes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 25: 445- 260. Tabb, D. C., D. L. Dubrow, and R. B. Manning. 465. 1962. The ecology of northern Florida Bay and adjacent estuaries. Fla. State Board Cons. Tech. 249. Subrahmanyham, D. G. and C. L. Coultas. Ser. 39. 81 p. 1980. Studies on the animal communities in two north Florida salt marshes. Part ill. Seasonalfluctu- 261. Tabb, D. C., and R. B. Manning. 1961. A ations of fish and macroinvertebrates. Bull. Mar. Sci. Checklist of the flora and fauna of northern Florida 30: 790-818. Bay and the adjacent brackish waters of the Florida mainland collected during the period July, 1957 250. Sutherland, D. E. 1977. Catch and catch rates through September, 1960. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib. of fishes caught by anglers in St. Andrews Bay 11:532-649. 103 Appendix 7, continued. References 262. Tagatz, M. E. 1973. A larval tarpon, Megalops 273. Trent, L., and P. J. Pristas. 1977. Selectivityof atlanticus, from Pensacola, Florida . Copeia 1973: gill nets on estuarine and coastal fishes from St. 140-141. Andrew Bay, Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 75: 185-198. 263. Tagatz, M. E., and E. P. H. Wilkens. 1973. 274. Tucker, W. H. 1979. Freshwater fish and fish- Seasonal occurrence of young gulf menhaden and eries resources of the Mobile Delta. InH.A. Loyacano otherfishes in a northwestern Florida estuary. NOAA Jr., and J.P. Smith, (editors), Symposium on the Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-672. natural resources of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 157-166. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile. 264. Tatum, W. M. 1979. The blue crab fishery of Alabama. In H. A. Loyacano, Jr. and J. P. Smith 275. Turner, W. R. 1969. Life history of menhaden (editors), Symposium on the natural resources of the in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 211-220. U. S. Army 98: 216-224. Corps of Engineers, Mobile. 276. Van Den Avyle, M. J., and D. L. Fowler. 1984. 265. Thayer, G. W., D. R. Colby, and W. F. Hettler, Species profiles: life histories and environmental Jr. 1987a. Utilization of the red mangrove prop root requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates habitat by fishes in south Florida. Mar. Ecol. Prog. (South Atlantic)--blue crab. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Ser. 36: 25-38. FWS/OBS-82111.19. 266. Thayer, G. W.,,W. F. Hettler, Jr., A. J. Chester, 277. Vaughan, D. S. 1987. Stock Assessment of D. R. Colby, P. J. McElhaney. 1987b. Distribution the gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, fishery. and abundance of fish communities among selected NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 58. estuarine and marine habitats in Everglades Na- tional Park. S. Fla. Res. Cent. Rep. SFRC-87/02. 278. Vick, N. G. 1964. The marine ichthyofauna of 166 p. St. Andrew Bay, Florida, and nearshore habitats of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Texas A&M Univ. 267. Thayer, G. W., and A. J. Chester. 1989. Distri- Res. Found., A&M Project 286-D. bution and abundance of fishes among basin and channel habitats in Florida Bay. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44: 279. Vittor, B. A. 1979. Benthos of the Mobile Bay 200-219. estuary. In H. A. Loyacano, Jr. and J. P. Smith (editors), Symposium on the natural resources of the 268. Thompson, R. L. 1983. The distribution and Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 143-149. U. S. Army abundance of fishes caught with a trawl in Choc- Corps of Engineers, Mobile. tawhatchee Bay, Florida. Northwest Florida Water Management District, Water Resources Special 280. Volpe,A. V. 1959.Aspectsofthe biologyof the Report 83-5. common snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch) of southwest Florida. Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res. 269. Thomson,J.M.1966.Thegreymullets. Ocean- Lab. Tech Ser. 31. 37 p. ogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 4: 301-335. 281. Wade, R. A. 1962. The biology of the tarpon, 270. Thue, E. B., E. S. Rutherford, and D. G. Buker. Megalops atlanticus, and the ox-eye, Megalops cyp- 1982. Age, growth and mortality of the common rinodes, with emphasis on larval development. Bull. snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch), in Ever- Mar. Sci. 13:545-622. glades National Park, Florida. NPS/SFRC. Report T- 683. 282. Wade, C. W. 1979. A summary of information pertinent to the Mobile Bay recreational finfishery 271. Tolley, S. G., E. T. Dohner, and E. B. Peebles. and a review of the spotted seatrout life history. In H. 1987. Occurrence of larval snook, Centropomus A. Loyacano, Jr. and J. P. Smith (editors), Sympo- undecimalis (Bloch), in Naples Bay, Florida. Florida sium on the natural resources of the Mobile estuary, Scient. 50: 34-38. Alabama, p. 177-183. U. S. Army Corps of Engi- neers, Mobile. 272. Topp, R. W. and F. H. Hoff, Jr. 1972. Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes). Memoirs of the Hourglass 283. Wang, J. C. S., and E. C. Raney. 1971. Distri- Cruises, Vol. 4, Part II. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res. Mar. Res. bution and fluctuations in the fish fauna of the Char- Lab. St. Petersburg, Fla. lotte Harbor estuary, Florida. Mote Marine Labora- tory, Sarasota, Florida. 104 Appendix 7, continued. References 284. Wass, M. L. 1955. The decapod crustaceans 295. Yokel, B. 1966. A contribution to the biology of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of anddistribution of the reddrum Sciaenopsocellatus. northwestern Florida. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 18: 129- M. S. Thesis, Univ. Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. 166 p. 175. 295.1 Young, W. T., G. L. Butts, L. W. Donelon, and 285. Weinstein, M. P., C. M. Courtney, and J. C. D. H. Ray. 1988. A special monitoring project basin Kinch. 1977. The Marco Island estuary: a summary survey- biological and physicochemical assessment of physic-ochemical and biological parameters. Fla. of St. Andrew Bay estuaries 1986-1987. Florida Sci. 40: 97-124. Department of Environmental Regulation, North- west District, Pensacola. 286. Weinstein, M. P., and R. W. Yerger. 1976. Electrophoretic investigation of subpopulations of 296. Young, W. T., and R. W. Cantrell. 1972. Bio- the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus(Cuvier), logical survey report: Eleven Mile Creek - Perdido in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast of Florida. Bay. Florida Department of Environmental Regula- Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 54B: 97-102. tion, Northwest Region, Pensacola. 287. Weiss, W. R., and T. D. Phillips. 1985. The 297. Zieman, J. C. 1982. The ecology of the meroplankton of Tampa Bay. In S.F. Treat, J.L. seagrasses of south Florida: community profile. U.S. Simon, R.R. Lewis II, R. L. Whitman, Jr., (editors), Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/25. Proceedings Tampa Bay Area Scientific Information Symposium, p. 345-358. Fla. Sea Grant Coill. Rep. 298. Zilberberg, M. H. 1966. Seasonal occurrence 65. of fishes in a coastal marsh of northwest Florida. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 11: 126-134. 288. White, M. L., and M. E. Chittenden, Jr. 1977. Age determination, reproduction, and population dynamics of the Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias pogonias. Fish. Bull., U. S. 75: 109-123. 289. Williams, A. B. 1984. Shrimp, lobsters, and crabs of the Atlantic coast of the eastern United States, Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 290. Williams, E. H. Jr., and J. L. Gaines, Jr. 1974. Acanthocephala of fishes from marine and brackish waters of the Mobile Bay region. J. Mar. Sci. 2: 135- 148. 291. Williams, L. W. 1983. Larvalfish assemblages of lower Mobile Bay. Unpubl. M. S. Thesis, Univ. S. Ala., Mobile. 292. Wolfe, S., and L. Wolfe. 1985. The ecology of the Suwannee River estuary: analysis of data from 1982-1983. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee. 293. Yerger, R. W. 1961. Additional records of marine fishes from Alligator Harbor, Florida and vicinity. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 24:111-116. 294. Yerger, R. W. 1977. Fishes of the Apalachicola River. In R.J. Livingston and E.A. Joyce, Jr., (edi- tors), Proceedings of the Conference on the Apalachicola Drainage System, 23-24 April 1976, Gainesville, Florida, p. 22-33. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser.. 26. 105 The major activities of the Strategic Assessment Program are has resulted in the publication of NEI supplement reports. focused on assembling information and providing assess- Several data bases, including the Estuarine Living Marine ment services required for decisionmaking about the estuar- Resources (ELMR) data base, are being completed (see ine and marine resources of the USA. The information and inside front cover). Data and analytical capabilities are being assessments that are developed help identify strategies for made more accessible through improvements in the Com- balanced conservation and use of these resources for maxi- puter Mapping and Analysis System (Cmas) and develop- mum benefit to the Nation. Recent projects completed by the ment of the Coastal Ocean Management, Planning, and As- Branch include the Bering, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas Strategic sessment System (COMPAS). Assessment reports examin- Assessment Data Atlas, along with two National Estuarine ing pesticide use in estuarine drainage areas, susceptibility of Inventory Data Atlases and one pre-publication edition of the estuaries to nutrients, and quality of coastal shellfishing wa- West Coast of North America Data Atlas. A continuing effort ters are also being completed. to expand and improve the National Estuarine Inventory (NEI) STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT PROGRAM OPERAnONs a SUPPORT _ t GEOGRAPHY | Information oC ECOO Products Bases & Analytical ROCESSES Assesen Date Atlsess capabilities O Assessments & Information Services ;- . ii-P a. -,:i . ; .; ..,,..,..,'.'... .... National and Regional Assessments of Estuarine and Marlne Resources end Environrnental Quality The Strategic Assessment Program assembles and analyzes information to generate atlas products and assessment services on the multiple uses of the Nation's coastal ocean resources. Reproduced by NTIS National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce Springfield, VA 22161 This report was printed specifically for your order from our collection of more than 2 million technical reports. IDO 8 . For economy and efficiency, NTIS does not maintain stock of its vast 64-j ( a) collection of technical reports. Rather, most documents are printed for FM I-A *peach order. Your copy is the best possible reproduction available from g J U our master archive. If you have any questions concerning this document Q a) or any order you placed with NTIS, please call our Customer Services r C · Department at (703)487-4660. iq Always think of NTIS when you want: t .5' ·* Access to the technical, scientific, and engineering results generated cl) . d by the ongoing multibillion dollar R&D program of the U.S. Govemrment. · A) * ·R&D results from Japan, West Germany, Great Britain, and some 20 8 P S4 · ! other countries, most of it reported in English. 4-4 Q) NTIS also operates two centers that can provide you with valuable ° °a 'm information: l ;t-; ·* The Federal Computer Products Center- offers software and H ° * > datafiles produced by Federal agencies. Fl k4 2$ · The Center for the Utilization of Federal Technology - gives you V) o 0 access to the best of Federal technologies and laboratory resources. 4 S I For more information about NTIS, send for our FREE NTIS Products 0 and Services Catalog which describes how you can access this U.S. and $ PI ·J j foreign Government technology. Call (703)487-4650 or send this a_ t sheet to NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. QP Ud So t Ask for catalog, PR-827. Name 2 8..O Address ,o . C Telephone -Your Source to U.S. and Foreign Government Research and Technology.