[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                                 PB91- 170001





                                  Distribution and Abundance of
                                    Fishes and Invertebrates in
                                Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries


































I                                                   June 1990


                                      U.S. Department of Commerce
                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                           National Ocean Service

                                      REPRODUCED BY
                                      U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
  QL139                                         NATIONAL TECHNICAL
  .E4                                          INFORMATION SERVICE
  no.6                                          SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161
             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SRNGFELVA226










In June 1985, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) began a project to develop a com-
prehensive information base on the life history, relative abundance and distribution of fishes and invertebrates in
estuaries throughout the Nation (Monaco 1986). This project, the Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR)
project, is conducted jointly by the Strategic Assessment Branch (SAB) of the Office of Oceanography & Marine
Assessment and laboratories of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Currently, the Pt. Adams (Ham-
mond), OR; Galveston, TX; Beaufort, NC; and Oxford, MD laboratories are compiling information for the                   '
contiguous West Coast, Gulf of Mexico, Southeast, and Northeast regions.

To date, the project has compiled data for 115 species found in 73 estuaries. Four reports have been published:
State of Washington (Monaco and Emmett 1988); State of Texas (Monaco et al. 1989); West Coast Volume I: Data
Summaries (Monaco et al. 1990); and this volume. Also scheduled for publication in 1990 are the Central Gulf
of Mexico (Mississippi Sound, MS through Calcasieu Lake, LA); the Southeast (Albemarle Sound, NC, through
Biscayne Bay, FL) and the West Coast Volume 1: Life History Profiles.

Three salinity zones as defined in Volume 1 of NOAA's National Estuarine Inventory Data Atlas (NOAA 1985)
provided the spatial framework for organizing information on species distribution and abundance within each
estuary. These salinity zones are tidal fresh (0.0 to 0.5 ppt), mixing (0.5 to 25.0 ppt), and seawater(25.0 and greater
ppt). The primary data developed for each species for each salinity zone include spatial and temporal distribution
and relative abundance by life stage, e. g., adult, spawning or mating, juvenile, larva, and egg. In addition, a
detailed estuarine life history profile is developed for each species.

Additional information on this or other projects of the Strategic Assessment Branch is available from:

                                        Strategic Assessment Branch
                               Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment
                              National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                        6001 Executive Blvd., Rm. 220
                                          Rockville, Maryland 20852
                                               (301) 443-0453













Reports available from NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Resources project include:

Monaco, M. E., et al. 1989. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Texas Estuaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 3.
Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 107 p.                                                            $

Monaco, M. E., et al. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in West Coast Estuaries, Volume I: Data
Summaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 4. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 240 p.

Bulger, A. J., et al. 1990. A Proposed Estuarine Classification: Analysis of Species Salinity Ranges. ELMR Rpt. No. 5.
Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 28 p.

Williams, C. D., et al. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastem Gulf of Mexico Estuaries.
ELMR Rpt. No. 6. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 105 p.







                            BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION


                                                                        PB91-170001


Report Nos: ELMR-6

Title: Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of
Mexico Estuaries.

Date: Jun 90

Authors: C. D. Williams, D. M. Nelson, M. E. Monaco, S. L. Stone, and C. Iancu.

Performing Organization: Estuarine Living Marine Resources Project, Rockville, MD.

NTIS Field/Group Codes: 47D

Price: PC A06/MF A01

Availability: Available from the National Technical Information Service,
              Springfield, VA. 22161

Number of Pages: 112p

Keywords: *Marine fishes, *Invertebrates, *Estuaries, Spatial distribution,
Abundance, Species diversity, Seasonal variations, Tables(Data), *Eastern
Region(Gulf of Mexico), *Estuarine Living Marine Resource Project.

Abstract: The report presents information on the spatial and temporal distribution,
relative abundance, and life history characteristics of 36 fish and invertebrate
species in 13 estuaries along the Eastern Gulf of Mexico coast. Its purpose is to
disseminate data developed in NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Resources (ELMR)
project.                        ELMR is a joint   study between NOAA's National Ocean
Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. The study framework, sample data
sheets, and species life history profiles presented are illustrative of the
nationwide ELMR project.















                                          LIBRARy
                                        NOAA/CC.RH
                                     1990 HOBSON AVE.
                                    CHAS SC 29408-2628






                                                                            PB91-170001

    Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates
                    in Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries



                                        Project Team

              Christopher D. Williams, David M. Nelson, Mark E. Monaco,
                             Steven L. Stone, and Carol lancu
                                Strategic Assessment Branch
                                Ocean Assessments Division
                      Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment
                                    National Ocean Service
                                     Rockville, MD 20852

          Linda Coston-Clements, Lawrence R. Settle, and Elizabeth A. Irlandi
                              National Marine Fisheries Service
                                     Beaufort Laboratory
                                     Beaufort, NC 28516

                                   ELMR Report Number 6

                                          June 1990







                                           7 MNT Of;
              ~r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'



   Contact for copies of this report.


Acknowledgements

We thank those individuals that provided information and reviewed the data in this report. Without their efforts a
study of this magnitude and complexity would not be possible. In addition, we thank the many other scientists and
managers who provided contacts and references. Illustrations were obtained from the following sources: blue
crab, Perry et al. 1984; gulf menhaden, spotted seatrout, and tarpon, Shipp 1988.

This report should be cited as:
Williams, C. D., D. M. Nelson, L. C. Clements, M. E. Monaco, S. L. Stone, L. R. Settle, C. lancu, and E. A Irlandi. 1990.
Distribution and Abundance of Fishes and Invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. ELMR Rpt. No. 6. Strategic
Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 105 p.


                                            ,/?









Introduction..............................................................

Why Conduct ELMIR?.....................................................1

Data Collection and Organization...........................................2 

    Selection of Estuaries                                                      ..................................................2
    Selection of Species                                                        ...................................................3
    Species Profiles.......................................................3
    Data Sheets..........................................................4
    Data Verification.......................................................4

Results of Study.........................................................5

    Data Summaries                                                              ......................................................5
    Seasonal Comparisons                                                        ................................................. 11
    Biogeography.........................................................1 2

Data Content and Quality.................................................. 12

   Variability in Space and Time.............................................1 2
    Abundance Data.......................................................13
    Life History Notes ......................................................13

Use of ELMR Data........................................................14

    Classifying and Comparing Estuaries.......................................14
    Linkages to Marine Ecosystems                                               ..........................................1 5

Concluding Comments....................................................15

Literature Cited.......................................................... 15

Data Summary Tables                                                             .................................................... 17

     Spatial distribution and relative abundance .................................18
     Temporal distribution ..................................................31
     Data reliability........................................................56
     Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries.............69

Appendices .............................................................76

   Appendix 1. Gulf of Mexico ELMR species list................................77
   Appendix 2. ELMR Gulf of Mexico estuaries .................................78
   Appendix 3. National Estuarine Inventory Map of Mobile Bay ....................79
   Appendix 4. Species profile and sample data sheet: blue crab ...................80
   Appendix 5. Table of references and personal communications ..................86
   Appendix 6. Personal communications .....................................90
   Appendix 7. References.................................................92










Figure 1: ELMR regions .........................................................................1......................................................
Figure 2: Major steps to complete the Eastern Gulf of Mexico study ...........................................................2
Figure 3: ELMR Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries .......................................................................................3
Figure 4: Example of a species/estuary data sheet: sand seatrout in Mobile Bay ....................................... 5
Figure 5: Numbers of species by season and estuary ......................................................................... 6-9
Figure 6: Mean numbers of species by month ......................................................................... 10
Figure 7: Mean number of species as larvae (averaged across estuaries), by month and salinity zone .... 11













Table 1: ELMR species list for the Eastern Gulf of Mexico .........................................................................4
Table 2: Spatial distribution and relative abundance ......................................................................... 18
Table 3: Temporal distribution ..........................................................................31
Table 4: Data reliability ............................................................................................................................... 56
Table 5: Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries .........................................69









This report presents information on the spatial and      Estuaries are among the most productive natural
temporal distribution, relative abundance, and life      systems (Odum and Heald 1975, Mann 1982). The
history characteristics of 36 fish and invertebrate      physical, chemical, and biological components of
species in 13 estuaries along the Eastern Gulf of        estuaries are critical to many living resources (Gun-
Mexico coast.  Its purpose is to disseminate data        ter 1967, Weinstein 1979). They are important nurs-
developed in NOAA's Estuarine Living Marine Re-          ery areas that provide food, refuge from predation,
sources (ELMR) project (inside front cover). ELMR        andvaluablehabitatformanyspecies(Joseph 1973).
is a joint study between NOAA's National Ocean           Estuarine organisms that support important com-
Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service.       mercial and recreational fisheries include sciaenids,
The study framework, sample data sheets, and             crabs and shrimp. In spite of the well-documented
species life history profiles presented are illustrative  importance of these areas to fish and invertebrate
of the nationwide ELMR project.                          populations, fewconsistent and comprehensive data
                                                         sets exist that allow examination of the relationships
The objective of ELMR is to develop a consistent         of many estuarine species found in oramonggroups
data base on the distribution and abundance of           of estuaries. Most information on the distribution and
selected fishes and invertebrates in the Nation's        abundance of estuarine-dependent species is for
estuaries. The nationwide data base is divided into      their offshore life stages where major sampling pro-
four regions (Figure 1). The relative abundance and      grams have focused, and does not describe estuar-
monthly occurrence of life stages are recorded by        ine distributions adequately (Darnell et al. 1983,
estuary for three salinity zones (seawater zone,         NOAA 1988).
mixing zone, andtidalfresh zone) identified in NOAA's
National Estuarine Inventory (NEI) Data Atlas - Vol-     Only a few comprehensive sampling programs, e.g.
ume I (NOAA 1985). When completed, the data base         Texas (McEachron and Green 1984, Hammerschmidt
will contain information for approximately 150 fish      and McEachron 1986) collect organisms with identi-
and invertebrate species found in over 120 U. S.         cal methods across groups of estuaries within a
estuaries.                                               region. Because of the variability in sampling strate-



Figure 1. ELMR regions.


Pt. Adams,
OR Lab 


West
Coast A                       I              LNortheast
(32)                                                                                              (34)

                                                                                              Oxford,
                                                                                              MD Lab

                                                                                            Beaufort,
                                                                                            NC Lab


                                             Galveston,                              S |    t    g;Ei : Southeast
                                             \   TXLabs Ad :] EEL t        ^;::    t0\ (20)

     Numbers in parentheses are the numbers                  Gulf of Mexico
    of ELMR estuaries in each region.
                                                            (31)








gies, much of the existing estuarine fisheries data                 - 
cannot be compared among estuaries. In addition,
existing programs do not focus on how groups of           Figure 2 shows the major steps taken to collect and
estuaries may be important for regional manage-           organize information on the distribution and abun-
ment of fishery resources. Most existing estuarine        dance of fishes and invertebrates in Eastern Gulf of
data are for a relatively few important commercial        Mexico estuaries.
and recreational species.
                                                         Selection of estuaries. Estuaries in the Eastern
Since life stages of many species use both estuarine      Gulf of Mexico were selected from the National
and marine habitats, it is necessary to combine           Estuarine Inventory Data Atlas - Volume I (NOAA
information on distribution, temporal utilization, and    1985). Although it is not included in the NEI Data
life history strategies to understand the linkages of     Atlas, Florida Bay was included in the ELMR project
estuaries to nearshore/offshore areas. To date, a         because of its biological importance. The 13 estuar-
national, comprehensive, and consistent data base         ies chosen for the ELMR Eastern Gulf of Mexico
of this type does not exist. Consequently, there is a     Study are listed in Figure 3.
need to develop a framework that integrates the
fragments of information on marine and estuarine          Data on the spatial and temporal distributions of
species and their associated habitats into a useful,      specieswere developed andorganized basedon the
comprehensive, and consistent structure. NOAA's           tidal fresh [0.0 to 0.5 parts perthousand (ppt)j, mixing
ELMR projectwas designed to helpfulfillthis need by       (0.5 to 25.0 ppt), and seawater (25.0 ppt and greater)
developing a uniform, nationwide data base on as          zones delineated for each estuary in the NEI. Each
many estuarine species as possible.  Results will         salinity zone is present in all 13 estuaries, except the
complement other NOAA efforts to develop a na-            seawater zone is absent from the Caloosahatchee
tional estuarine assessment capability (NOAA 1985)        River. A representative map and data table (Mobile
and oceanic fishery sampling programs (e. g. Sher-        Bay) from the NEI Data Atlas is shown in Appendix
man and Alexander 1985). Compiling this informa-          3.
tion also helps to identify data gaps and allows an
assessment of the content and quality of existing
information.

Figure 2. Major steps to complete the Eastern Gulf of Mexico study.                           Outputs


                                                                                             Spatial
                                                                                           Distribution




                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~National   ~~Temporal
       Inventory   71 1          InforEsation
                                                                                           Distribution



                                                   Prepare          D Peer Review:
                                                Secies/Estuary-     Data    I- rocomputer
                                                  Worksheets      Verification    Database


        Select Develop
        Species                 Life History
                                  Profiles           TRelative
                                                                                           Abundance





                                                                                            Assess
                                                                                           Data Quality


                                                                2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~







Compiling large amounts of data limits the amount of    3) Indicator species of environmental stress - identi-
information that can be organized and presented for     fled from the literature, discussions with fisheries
each species/estuarycombination. Itwould be time        experts, and from monitoring programs such as
and cost prohibitive to map each species by life stage  NOAA's National Status and Trends Program (NOAA
for each estuary (Monaco 1986). Thus, the salinity       1984). These species are mollusks or bottom fishes
zone framework allows the available information on      that consume benthic invertebrates or have a strong
estuarine fish and invertebrate distribution to be      association with bottom sediments. Their physio-
consistently compiled and organized.                     logical disorders, morphological abnormalities, and
                                                         bioaccumulation of contaminants such as heavy
Selection of Species. Four criteria were used to        metals indicate environmental pollution and/or stress,
identify the 36 species studied in detail. Data were    e.g., Atlantic croaker(Micropogoniasundulatus) and
most available for species that were either commer-     American oyster (Crassostrea virginica).
cially or recreationally important. Data were also
available for species that are of ecological value or   4) Ecological value - based on several attributes,
are indicators of environmental stress. A species list  including trophic level, relative abundance and im-
was developed and peer reviewed to ensure that the      portance as a key predator or prey species, e.g., bay
most "important" species were studied (Table 1).        anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli).  Endangered species
The four criteria were:                                 were also taken into consideration, e.g., Alabama
                                                         shad (Alosa alabamae).
1) Commercial value- determined by review of catch
data and value statistics from NMFS, e.g., gulf         Species Profiles. A concise life history profile for
menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and shrimp               each species was developed to provide an overview
(Penaeus spp.).                                         of how it utilizes estuaries. The profiles were essen-
                                                         tial in understanding the distribution of each species.
2) Recreational value - defined as a species that       Although many species profiles have been pub-
recreational fishermen specifically try to catch, that  lished previously, they often describe estuarine life
may or may not be of commercial importance.             stages inadequately. Therefore, the profiles devel-
Recreationalspeciesweredetermined byconsulting          oped emphasized estuarine ecology, salinity and
regional experts and NMFS reports, e.g., spotted        temperature ranges, and life history information for
seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and red drum (Sci-       estuarine-dependent life stages. A representative
aenops ocellatus).                                      species profile for blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is
                                                         shown in Appendix 4.


Figure 3. ELMR Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries.

                                                   .: : : i i i.: , i. -k)i.  :: . i :! i.\


                                                     Alabamai





                             1. Mobile Bay
                             2. Perdido Bay
                             3. Pensacola Bay  
                             4. Choctawhatchee Bay
                             5. St. Andrew Bay
                                          6. Apalachicola Bay   /
                                          7. Apalachee Bay
                                          8. Suwannee River
                                                        9. Tampa Bay
                                                         10. Charlotte Harbor
                                                         11. Caloosahatchee River
                                                         12. Ten Thousand Islands   -
                                                         13. Florida Bay

                                                     3







Table 1. Eastern Gulf of Mexico species list              The relative abundance of a species in an estuary
                                                         was classified using the following categories:
Scientific Name             Common Name
Argopecten irradians        bay scallop                   *   Not present  species or life history stage not
Crassostrea virginica       American oyster                   found, questionable data as to identification of
Crassostrea virgmnica       American oyster
Rangia cuneata              common rangia                     species, and/or recent loss of habitat or environ-
Mercenaria species          hard clam                         mental degradation suggests absence.
Penaeus aztecus             brown shrimp
Penaeus duorarum            pink shrimp                   *   No information available: no existing data avail-
Penaeus duseoiferus         whitenk shrimp                    able, and after expert review it was determined
Palenaeus setieuis          whie shrimp                       that not even an educated guess would be
Palaemonetes puglo          grass shrimp                      appropriate.
Panulirus argus             spiny lobster
Menippe adina               gulf stone crab
Menippe adimercena          gurialf stone crab                Rare: species is definitely present but not fre-
Menippe mercenaria          stone crab                        quently encountered.
Callinectes sapidus         blue crabed.
Megalops atlanticus         tarpon
Megalosa a lantiusbamae     Alabama shad                  *   Common: species is frequently encountered but
Brevoortia patronus         gulf menhaden                     not in large numbers; does not imply a uniform
Brevoortia smithi           yellowfin menhaden                distribution over a specific salinity zone.
Brevoortia smithi           yellowfin menhaden
Anchoa mitchil#             bay anchovy
Anchoa mitchilldouï¿½         bay anchovy                   *   Abundant   species is often encountered in
Fuyprndu     us grandis     gulf kin h                        substantial numbers relative to other species.
Fundulus grandis            gulf killifish
Centropomus undecimalis snook
CenPomatroomus saundectatrix   bluefish                       Highly abundant: species is numerically domi-
Caranx crysos               blue runner                       nant relative to other species.
Caranx hippos               crevalle jack
Caranx hippnotus carolins    Florida pompano jack         Adults were defined as sexually mature individuals,
LuTrachnotus  cariseus      gray snapper                  juveniles as immature but otherwise similarto adults,
Lagodon rhomboides          gray snapper                  and spawning as release of eggs and sperm. A few
Cynoscion arenarius         sand seatrout                 exceptions existed, such as mating in crabs and
Cynoscion nebulosus         spotted seatrout              spiny lbster.
Leiostomus xanthurus        spot
Micropogonias undulatus     Atlantic                      For well-studied species such as shrimp, it was
Sciaenops  ocellatus        Atlantic croaker              possible to use quantitative data to estimate abun-
ScMugilenops ocells         striped drmullet              dance levels. For many species, however, reliable
Gobiosoma robustum          code gobymullet               quantitative data were limited. Therefore, regional
Scomberoma obus maculatu s Spanish mackerel goby          and local experts were consulted to estimate relative
PaScomberomorus maculatuhy s   Spanish makerel            abundance based on the above criteria. These data
Paralichthys albigutta      gulf flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma    souther flounder              represent relative abundances within a specific estu-
                                                         ary. Relative abundance levels across Eastern Gulf
                                                         of Mexico estuaries could not be determined.

Data Sheets. A data sheet was developed for each          Data Verification. Approximately three years were
species for each estuary to enable quick compilation      required to develop the 468 data sheets (Figure 4)
and simple presentation of the data. Figure 4 shows       and consult with regional and local experts for the 13
the data sheet for sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenar-       estuaries studied.  Ninety-five percent of the data
ius) in Mobile Bay. A draft of each data sheet was        sheets were carefully reviewed during consultations
developed by project staff and reviewed by local          or by mail. These important consultations comple-
experts. Data compiled for each species include: 1)       mented the literature and published data sets com-
the salinity zone it occupies (seawater, mixing, or       piled by NOAA. Forty-four scientists and managers
tidal fresh); 2) monthly distribution in those zones;     at 24 institutions were consulted. The names and
and 3) life stage(s) in a particular zone and their       affiliations of these experts are listed in Appendix 6.
relative abundance level. The ELMR data sheets are        Local experts were especially helpful in providing
entered into a microcomputer data base manage-            estuary/species-specific information.  They also
ment system.                                              provided additional references and contacts and
                                                         identified additional species to be included in the
                                                         ELMR data base.

                                                     4







                                                          Temporal distribution.  Table 3 summarizes the
                                                          temporal distribution of each species by month and
Data summaries.  Information compiled for each             life stage for each estuary. This table combines data
species and estuary (468 data sheets) was organ-           over the three salinity zones, showing the highest
ized in four data summaries (pp. 17-75). Tables 2          level of abundance for a particular life stage by
and 3 provide graphic presentations of the spatial         month.
and temporal distribution and relative abundance by
life stage for each species and estuary. The informa-      Presence/absence data. Although each life stage of
tion shown represents the usual distribution of a          a species is assigned one of five levels of relative
species in a particular estuary. Table 4 ranks the         abundance (not present, rare, common, abundant,
relative reliability of the information presented for      or highly abundant), Tables 2 and 3 do not distin-
each species and estuary.                                  guish between "rare" and not "present". This was
                                                          done because management of estuarine fisheries
Spatial distribution and relative abundance. Table 2       often does not direct efforts towards rare species. To
summarizes the distribution and relative abundance         distinguish between "rare" and not "present", Table
by life stage for each species by salinity zone in each    5 presents information on the presence/absence of
estuary. The highest level of abundance during the         species/life stages by salinity zone. If a life stage of
year in each estuary is depicted.                          a species had a relative abundance level of rare or
                                                          greaterwithin an estuary, it was considered present.

Figure 4. Example of a species/estuary data sheet: sand seatrout in Mobile Bay.

             Sand seatrout                             Mobile Bay
             Cynoscion arenarius                       Alabama
                                                       Investigator: L. R. Settle

                  Salinity        Life               Relative Abundance by Month
                   Zone          Stage
                                             J  F  M   A   M   J  J   A   S   O   N   D    R
                               Adults                                                          2
                               Spawning                                                        1
                Tidal Fresh    Juveniles                                                       2
               0.0 - .5 ppt   Larvae               I             0                             2
                               Eggs                                                            1
                               Adults       i        -                                         2
                    Mix i      Spawning                                                        2
              0.5 - 25.0 ppt   Juveniles      iM                                               2
                               Larvae                                                          2
                               Eggs                 __                                         2
                               Adults        f                                      i_         2
                               Spawning                                                        2
                 Seawater
                 >25.0 ppt     Juvenies
                               Larvae                                                          2
                               Eggs                                                            2

            Legend:    Relative Abundance:                           Data Reliability (R):
                                    I  | = Not Present                1 = Highly Certain
                        I  |......... = No Data                      2 = Moderateiy Certain

                        - = Rare                                     3 = Reasonable Inference
                                  = Common
                         = . .....Abundant
                                  = Highly Abundant











     Figure 5. Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in mixing zone, by season and by estuary.


                                   Larvae                              Juveniles                               Adults                              Spawning
                                Number of species                     Number of species                      Number of species                     Number of species
      Estuary        0    5    10   15   20   25   30           5    10    15    20    25    300    5             15    20    25   300    5    10   15    20   25   30


       Florida                                                                                                                                                                  Florida



      Ten Thousand                                                                                                                                                             Ten Thousand
                                         .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. 5.....          .









o Harbor             .... .... ....3...                  . .,5                   ..      2             .      .0 ..    .                             .., ..2   ..,.             Harbor


       Tampa                                                                                                                                                                    Tampa
                                                              I~~~~~ 






       Bay [5ii'il:?i'.iiiiiii;.iliiiiiii:iiii/it                                                                                                                               Bay


       Suwannee                                            [i:! ;                                                              ISuwannee
       River :River
                                                  .                  I                 I      I  :                   I



      Apalachee                       MENEM                                                                        _                                                           Apalachee
      Bay                                                                                                                                                                      Bay
                               Suwannee~~~~~~~~~~~                                                                                                           ~~~~~~ ............. ..w
                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,.. ,. . . ..~ , .~  ,. , :..      , .:       .:.:.:...:..:..~.,.,........... .................... ....... ..................... ...............



                     0    5    10   15   20   25   300    5    10   15    20    25    30 0    5    10   15    20    25   30 0    5    10   15    20   25   30
                                Number of species                    Number of species                      Number of species                      Number of species
                                  Larvae                              Juveniles                               Adults                              Spawning

                                                                                                                                                         Continued ....
                     Legend: Winter (Dec-Feb)                                 Spring (Mar-May)          ~      Summer (Jun-Aug)       [          Fall (Sep-Nov).


























Figure 5 (continued). Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in mixing zone, by season and by estuary.




                                Larvae                                Juveniles                              ,Adults                                 Spawning

         Estuary ~~Number of speies                      30Number of species                                Number of species       30Number of species
        Estuary   0   ~~5  10  I15    20    25    30    5    ie  I15    20    25    300                5  I10    156   20    25   30           5    I 0    156   20    25    30


  Apalachicola                                                                                                                                                                    Apalachicola
  Bay            :::.........::..s.                                                                                                                                                a


  St. Andrew                                                                                                                                                                      St. Andrew
  Bay                                                                     -.-..                   ...:.:.:. ..:..:..;...:..:..:.::.'::                                            Bay



                                           Choclawhatchee                                                                                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Choctawhatchee




               Pensacola~~~~~~~ Pensacola




                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PerdidoowPedo




                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mobile Mbl

                                                                ~ ~ ~~~~....                ......:................................                                           a

                   0 5  lo   is         20    25    30 0    5    10 I15    20    25    30 0    5  la   is              20    25   30 0    5    10  is          20    25    30
                            Number of species                       Number of species                      Number of species                       Number of species

                              Larvae                                Juveniles                                Adults                                Spawning


                 Legend         :          Winter (Dec-Feb)                  Spring (Mar-May)                  Sum mer (Jun-Aug)                Fall (Sep-Nov)Cotne...











Figure 5 (continued). Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in seawater zone, by season and by estuary.


                         Larvae                               Juveniles                                 Adults                               Spawning
                      Number of species                      Number of species                       Number of species                       Number of species
 Estuary0    5    10    15    20    25    30  10    15    20    25    30                             5    10      5    20    25   300    5    10    15    20    25    30
                      lo  ....15 ....20......... ........ ... ...,... ...... ............ . ......... .... ..

  Florida                                               _       _         _                                                                                                    Florida
  Bay Ess.0es;sgBeg8s$iiBay


  Ten Thousand   Ten Thousand
  Islands         r                                               _iYsS*fSg3:. i  Islands
                                           I                         I            I      , !I

  Charlotte                                                                                                                                                                    Charlotte
                 ~~~~Harbor ~ ~~~~~~~ I}  |                                                            .::.:.:.:.:.. .         .:: :           Harbor
                              l   ~          ~~~~ !                                   [     ,/  :,'   i            I                

  Tampa_-e                                                                                                                                                                     Tampa
  Bay                                                                                              Atlan.ic, ..s~,>.:.: >s.9....                                               Bay

                    I~~~~~~~                                                             I
                                           !                          I           I: ,   :                      ,         --        J

  Suwannee Suwannee
  River                                                                                         =                         ...         ......... .................  River
                    i     I                     ~~ ~         ~~i             ii          I    :      ':I

  Apalachee                                                                                                                                                                    Apalachee
  Bay g y  :S:g.>..S.:,SSSgS,''':pg Sa S  g:S>S  :-y

                         -,i...   ...i ...i .. iI .... i1 .... ;.... i... .... i.... ~... ....  .... i.... i....i...i..i... ... IO..                     is ...5.. 
              0    5  10            20    25    30 0 15  20 25    300   10   S15              20 25 30 5    10    15S 20 25    30 
                      Number of species                      Number of species                       Number of spes      Number of species
                        Larvae                               Juveniles                                Adults                                Spawning

            Legend:              Winter (    Dec-Feb)                  Spring (Mar-May)                  Summer (Jun-Aug)       [      1 Fall (Sep-Nov)     Continued....




                                                                                                                                               A























Figure 5 (continued). Numbers of species ranked as common or greater in seawater zone, by season and by estuary.


                           Larvae                             Juveniles                               Adults                             Spawning

 Estuary       9        - Number of species                     Number of species                     Number of species                     Number of species
       Estuary  a   5  I10   15    20    25   300    5    10   15    20   25   300    5    10   15   20   25   30 0    5    10   15   20   25   30
                   .............                                                                           ...........................  ........... 

 A palach icola      _                                  ~-_A palach ico la
 Bay ; : : . :;' f'' "' "'ss'g isgi Soy''''s f, " :,f ':s S ""' Bay



 St. Andrew                                                                              M                                                                             St. Andrew
 Bay                                                                                                                                                                   Bay



 Choctawhatchee               NEN                                                          MIU                                                                         Choclawhatchee
                                  I l ........ l l ......... l I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... .
                                                  .   . .  .. . .... 
               Choctawhatchee                      0     ....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.........                               ...... .... ... .... .......Cotwace
 Bay 5: sgS:.ss ..l[f    .f, :f    ........... yS:ffgtS-. ......., ..eBay



 Pensacola                                                                                                                                                             Pensacola
 Bay Bay:gneff&s  ;s::Ni.:SX ~


 Perdido                                                                                                                                                               Perdido
 Bay            ..                                   I                                                                                                                 Bay



 Mobile                                                                                _                                                                               Mobile
 Bay                                                 I            s ::i. .>. s2:gï¿½t   :S.f ....:i  f ::;:;;:;;:.  .:. ...:..

                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... ............................. ,  ........ ......... ......
              0    5    10   15   20    25   30 0    5    10   15    20   25   30 0    5    10   15   20    25   30 0    5    10   15   20   25   30
                       Number of species                    Number of species                     Number of species                     Number of species

                          Larvae                              Juveniles                              Adults                             Spawning


             Legend: _               Winter (Dec-Feb) I              Spring (Mar-May)                Summer (Jun-Aug)    |   |       Fall (Sep-Nov)






Figure 6. Mean number of species (averaged across estuaries) with relative abundance of common or greater,
       by salinity zone, life stage, and month.

   25-                                                                                  Legend:
          Tidal fresh zone
                                                                                Adults
 a 20  I 

      - :                                                                              Juveniles
   15-                                                                                    _
 E

   10:-                                                                                 Spawning


                                                                                Larvae



        Jan   Feb   Mar  Apr  May  Jun   Jul  Aug  Sep  Oct  Nov  Dec
                                      Month

   25:   -Mixing zone


   20 o-


 ,g1151 I  111 I IiI _f.;





   o           I 0



        Jan  Feb   Mar  Apr  May  Jun   Jul  Aug  Sep  Oct  Nov  Dec
                                      Month

          25 -   Seawater zone

 A20-


   1 5 --     i l
 E




    10



        Jan   Feb   Mar  Apr  May  Jun   Jul  Aug  Sep  Oct   Nov  Dec
                                      Month


                                        10







Seasonal Comparisons.  To examine general                * The number of larval species displays a bimodal
seasonal abundance patterns, the number of spe-            temporal distribution with peaks in April and
cies ranked as "common"or greaterwere counted for          September (Figure 7).
each life stage by month and by salinity zone for
winter (Dec-Feb), spring (Mar-May), summer (Jun-          - In any given month, more juvenile species utilize
Aug), and fall (Sep-Nov) (Figures 5, 6, and 7). In         these estuariesthananyotherlife stage (Figures
Figure 5, the number of species was averaged               5 and 6).
across months and within seasons, allowing a com-
parison of estuaries.  In Figure 6, the number of    -      Many estuarine-dependent species spawn in
species was averaged across estuaries and plotted           marine waters. Thus, of the five life stages, the
by month.  Although not a statistical analysis of          fewest species were present as eggs and for
abundances, these summaries do provide insights            spawning (Figure 5 and 6). The scarcity of these
into the seasonal distribution of selected species in      two life stages may also be a result of limited
these estuaries:                                           studies on spawning and ichthyoplankton in
                                                           estuaries.
  ï¿½ Fewer species utilize Eastern Gulf of Mexico
   estuaries in the winter than in any other season.     - The number of species is lowest in Perdido Bay
    Estuarine utilization by all life stages is highest in  (Figure 5, see discussion on page 14).
   the spring and summer (Figures 5 and 6).
                                                           The number of species appears to be lowest in
  ï¿½ The numberof species varies least from season          the tidal fresh zone (Figure 6). However, this
   to season in the southern Florida estuaries, i.e.       may be because the selected ELMR species are
    Florida Bay to Tampa Bay (Figure 5).                   primarily estuarine, not freshwater.  Also, few
                                                           studies exist for a large number of estuaries and
                                                           species in tidalfresh waters, so any true patterns
                                                           are difficult to define.

Figure 7. Mean number of species as larvae (averaged across estuaries), by month and salinity zone.


         15 -Larvae




      (o
      e)
      o10 -

      CD
      O.


      -II
          5-







              Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun    Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec
                                                   Month
           Legend:     Tidal fresh zones         Mixing zones              Seawater zones







Biogeography. A transition of species' presence/         Moderately certain: Some sampling data available
absence between northern and southern Florida has        for an estuary. Distribution, preferred habitat, and
been documented (Roessler 1970, Gilmore 1977)            ecology well-documented in similar estuaries.
and is probably the result of a climatological transi-
tion between a temperate and a subtropical environ-      Reasonable inference:  Little or no sampling data
ment. The faunal transition zone is considered to        available.  Information on species distributions,
extend east/west across central Florida, correspond-     ecology, and preferred habitats documented in simi-
ing with the Indian River Lagoon and Tampa Bay           lar estuaries.
estuaries. Several species in the ELM R Eastern Gulf
of Mexico data base display geographical heteroge-       The quality and quantity of available data vary by
neity and seem to support the observed central           species andbyestuary. For example, a large amount
Florida transition zone. Of the stone crabs (Menippe     of information is available on shrimp because they
species), M. mercenaria is the prevalent species         are economically valuable.  In general, the lowest
from Florida Bay north through Tampa Bay. A zone         quality of data and the least amount available are for
of hybridization occurs between Suwannee River           spawning, egg, and larval stages. Except for a few
and Apalachicola Bay, and M. adina is dominant           species (e.g., brown shrimp), very little research has
west of Apalachicola Bay (Bert, T., 1987, Florida        focused on habitat preferences and environmental
DNR, personal communication). The spiny lobster          tolerances. This is particularly true for the smaller
(Panulirusargus) is rare in estuaries north of Tampa     forage and/or non-commercial fishes and inverte-
Bay while white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) is pres-      brates. Gear selectivity, inability to correctly identify
ent only from the Suwannee River estuary north and       larval stages and difficulty in sampling various habi-
westward.                                                tats limit the reliability of this information. In addition,
                                                         regional life history data are lacking on some com-
A number of fishes have distributional patterns simi-    mercially important sciaenid and pelagic species.
lar to the invertebrates. Alabama shad (Alosa ala-
bamae) isonlypresentfromSuwannee Riverthrough            Data reliability was also based on experimental
Mobile Bay,  while snook (Centropomus undeci-            design and whether the studies were relatively re-
malls) is absent from Suwannee River westward.           cent. Forexample, several recent studies on Florida
Yellowfin menhaden (Brevoortia smithO occur pri-         Bay fish communities, icthyoplankton populations,
marilyfrom Florida Bay northtoTampa Bay,whereas          and habitat assemblages provide extensive, up to
gulf menhaden (B. patronus) occur primarily from         date information (Powell et al. 1987, Thayer et al.
Tampa Bay north and westward. Southern flounder          1987, Thayer and Chester 1989).  In the case of
(Paralichthys lethostigma), while rare in southern       limited studies, information was inferred.
Florida estuaries, is common from Suwannee River
to Mobile Bay.                                           Sincethe amount andqualityof available information
                                                         vary by species, by life stage, by estuary, and even
 R.. oN. .-      , ï¿½ .within an estuary, considerable scientific judgment is
                                                         required to derive or infer spatial and temporal distri-
An important aspect of this study, especially since it   butions from existing data and literature. Unfortu-
was based primarily on published and unpublished         nately, even the most informed judgment is far from
literature and consultations, was to determine the       perfect due to the complexity of estuarine systems.
quality of data used. A deliberate effort was made to    Consequently, information on the level of certainty
assess the overall reliability of the data base so that  associated with each data element must be pre-
the information could be used appropriately.  De-        sented (Table 4). Appendices 3, 4, and 5 provide a
pending on questions to be addressed, some data          complete summary of the references and personal
may not be suitable to use. Estimates of the reliability  communications used so that readers can track and
of the distribution and abundance information organ-     obtain additional information efficiently.
ized by species, life stage, and estuary are pre-
sented in Table 4. The following criteria were used       Variability In Space and Time. Species data were
to assess data reliability:                              organized according to the salinity zone boundaries
                                                          identified for each estuary in the NEI Data Atlas -
Highly certain: Considerable sampling data avail-         Volume I (NOAA 1985).  However, these salinity
able. Distribution, ecology, and preferred habitats      zones are highly variable due to interacting factors
well-documented within an estuary.                       that affect salinity, such as variations in freshwater
                                                          inflow, wind, and tides. It was assumed that if the
                                                          area of a particular salinity zone increases or de-
                                                         creases, the distribution of a mobile species in that

                                                     12







zone will correspondingly shift.  For example, if         these organisms may be overestimated, but the
increased freshwater inflow shifts the tidal fresh zone   salinity zones of colonization are identified. Specific
furtherdown the estuary, the distributionof a species     areas may contain acceptable salinity regimes, but
confined to that zone increases accordingly.  For         suitable bottom habitat for colonization may not
euryhaline species, a distributional shift may or may     exist. Specific habitat requirements and life history
not occur. The placement of species in a salinity         characteristics of a number of invertebrate species
zone was ultimately determined bywhere they have          are provided below:
been observed or captured.
                                                            * Bay scallop: Usually associated with seagrass
Species temporal distributions are often dependent            beds.
on annual climatic conditions and water currents.
Monthly distribution patterns were based on the             * Rangia: All life stages occur in salinities below
consistent presence of a life stage within a particular       25 ppt.
month. If a species is present in an estuary only in
unusual years (e.g., as a result of drought), itwas not     * Hard clam: Most life stages occur in salinities
considered present. However, if a species is typi-            above 20 ppt.
cally found, even during a restricted time period, it
was considered present. Greater temporal resolu-            * Penaeid shrimp:  Postlarvae and juveniles are
tion, such as on a biweekly rather than on a monthly          the critical life stages utilizing estuaries. Most
basis, was not possible.                                      adults move to nearshore spawning grounds,
                                                              where spawning, egg development, and most
Abundance Data.  Except for a few important                   larval development occur.
commercial and recreational species, little or no
quantitative information was available to determine         * Grass shrimp: Fertilized eggs are held on the
the relative abundance of species across estuaries.           female's pleopods until hatching.
Therefore, relative abundance estimates were made
compared to other species within a specific estuary.        * Gulf stone crab:  Usually found in salinities
For well-studied species, such as juvenile sciaenids          greater than 20 ppt. Males are typically located
or penaeids, quantitative data were used to estimate          in nearshore waters, but migrate into estuaries
the level of abundance within an estuary. However,            for mating.
in most cases the level of abundance assigned to a
species was determined by asking regional and local         * Blue crab:  Mating usually takes place in low
biologists for expert opinions based on their knowl-          salinities of the tidal fresh to upper region of the
edge of individual species within an estuary. This            mixing zone. After mating, females move to the
effort complemented quantitative studies, and greatly         seawater zone, while males often remain in the
increased reliability of abundance information.               upper reaches of the estuary.  The females
                                                              brood the eggs (sponge females), and larvae are
The quality of relative abundance information varied          released in higher salinities.  Development
between estuaries as well as species. As a result,            through the late zoeal stages occurs offshore.
temporal resolution was greater in well-studied estu-         Megalopae are recruited back into the estuary
aries, e.g. blue crab in Mobile Bay. Nevertheless, the        and disperse throughout the salinity zones. As
relative abundance data shown in the data summa-              they approach maturity, blue crabs seek lower
ries are the best that could be synthesized from              salinities. There appears to be a primary spawn-
agency reports, academic studies, and expert re-              ing ground located in the Apalachicola Bay re-
views.                                                        gion that serves as a source area for the entire
                                                              Florida peninsular Gulf coast blue crab fishery.
Life History Notes. Because of the complex life               A hypothesis for redistribution of larvae to south-
histories of some species, the following comments             western Florida includestransport through circu-
are provided below to clarify and supplement infor-           lation patterns associated with the Loop current
mation presented in the data summary tables. Also,            and the Apalachicola River (Oesterling and
a brief discussion of data for Perdido Bay is pre-            Adams 1982).
sented due to generally poor water quality and its '
effect on biota.                                          Fishes- Aggregating species by salinity zone uses a
                                                          single fundamental habitat parameter. However, a
Invertebrates. Sessile invertebrates, such as clams       combination of habitat characteristics, such as bot-
and oysters, usually have a patchy rather than a          tom type, water temperature, and bathymetry, would
general distribution. Therefore, areal distribution of    more accurately indicate species spatial and tempo-

                                                     13







ral distributions. Specific habitat requirements and       * Flounders:  Spawning, eggs and larvae are
life history characteristics of a number of fishes are       distributed in nearshore waters. Juveniles and
presented here:                                              larvae migrate into bays for growth and develop-
                                                             ment. Gulf floundertypically remain in the higher
 * Tarpon:  Spawning and eggs occur offshore.               salinitiesoftheseawaterandlowermixingzones,
   Juveniles and larvae use the estuaries as a              but southernflounderaremoregenerallydistrib-
   nursery ground, and are often found in low               uted.
   salinity waters.
                                                         Perdido Bay Estuary. Perdido Bay is part of a
 ï¿½ Alabama shad:  Included in the ELMR study            complex waterway system connected to Pensacola
   because it is an endangered species.                 BaybytheIntracoastal Waterway. Ithasa significant
                                                         dissolved oxygen constraint, especially near the
 * Menhaden: Spawningoccursfromthecoastline             bottom during the summer.  Industrial effluent and
   to six miles offshore. Gulf and yellowfin menha-     nutrient-poor, acidic blackwater tributaries combine
   den may hybridize where their ranges overlap.        to make Perdido Bay an area of low productivity.
                                                         Some species (e.g., pinfish) are still founa in the
 * Crevallejackand blue runner The juvenile and         upper water column, but bottom dwellers are rare
   adult stages are found in estuaries, but all other   (Flemer, D., 1988, U.S. EPA, personal communica-
   life stages are in offshore waters.                  tion). Macroinvertebrates are generally absent from
                                                         areas of suspended and settled organic sediments
 * Florida pompano: Typically found in nearshore        with high oxygen demand. Degraded bottom condi-
   surf and inlet waters, but juveniles and adults      tions are indicative of cumulative effects of long-term
   sometimes enter the bays. Spawning, eggs and         waste input (Suttkus and Gunning 1986).
   larvae are distributed offshore.

  * Graysnapper. Larvae and juveniles are typically
   associated with vegetation in estuaries, particu-    Classifying and Comparing Estuaries. Although
   larly seagrass beds and mangroves. Spawning          the qualitative nature of the distribution data pre-
   and eggs usually occur offshore.                     cludes statistical comparisons of species abundances
                                                         among estuaries, comparisons can be made using
  * Pinfish: Juveniles and adults are the predomi-       data on the presence/absence of species in salinity
   nant life stage within estuaries. Spawning and       zones. This information, combined with the spatial
   eggs occuroffshore. Larvae are transported into       and temporal distribution data, is the strength of the
   estuaries, but may attain juvenile size before       data base. Estuaries can be loosely categorized by
   they enter.                                          their physical and chemical characteristics and their
                                                         associated species assemblages. The relative
  * Sciaenids: Almost all of the sciaenids move to       importance of individual estuaries to specific species
    nearshore or offshore waters for spawning, al-       may also be determined.
   though some species may spawn in passes.
    Larvae are transported into estuaries, but may       The species found in an estuary are sensitive indica-
   attain juvenile size before they enter.  Since       tors of both the mean and extreme environmental
   some of these species have rather long life          conditions within that estuary.  Estuaries can be
   spans, several years may be spent in the estuar-     classified by the number of species present and by
    ies as juveniles. Juveniles develop in estuarine     whetherthe fauna are primarily marine, estuarine, or
    habitats, then migrate out as subadultsoradults.     freshwater.  Species assemblages may correlate
                                                         with physical characteristics, such as bottom sub-
  * Striped mullet  Adults and juveniles are the         strate, vegetation, and areal and temporal character-
   predominant life stages found in estuaries. They     istics of salinity zones. The information on species
   spawn offshore, and larvae move inshore and          presence/absence orother attributes can be used to
   into estuaries.                                      determine the faunal similarities and differences
                                                         among estuaries.
  ï¿½ Codegoby: Usually associated with seagrasses
   and higher salinities.                               A comparison of estuaries and associated species
                                                         can identify differing factors among those estuaries
  * Spanish mackerel: Adults and juveniles occur in      that might account for shifts in species distribution
   estuaries. Although not reported, some larvae        and relative abundance, helping to define ecological
   probably enter estuaries.                            variables controlling species distributions. For ex-

                                                    14







ample, a species may show differing salinity toler-        estuaries may have a total systemic effect through-
ances among estuaries, suggesting that some other          out the Nation's estuaries and coastal ocean.
factor, such as temperature, competition, or preda-        Compiling and organizing fragments of estuarine
tion may be regulating its distribution.                   information is a difficult task, but is necessary to
                                                          effectively manage the nation's estuaries. Although
Linkages to Marine Ecosystems.  Estuaries are             the knowledge available to conserve and protect
home to many aquatic species year-round, however,          estuaries continues to be limited, the ELMR data
a large number of species only use estuaries for           base will allow comparisons among species, groups
specific parts of their life histories and spend the rest  of species, specific life stages and times of year
offshore. Most of these latter species fall into four      within an estuary, or by geographic regions. When
general categories: 1) diadromous species, which           combined with other data sets, the ELM R data base
use estuaries as migration corridors and, in some          will enable development and testing of ecological
instances, nursery areas; 2) species that use estuar-      hypotheses and identify gaps in our knowledge of
ies for spawning, often at specific salinities; 3) spe-    estuarine fishes and invertebrates.
cies that spawn in marine waters near the mouths of
estuaries and depend on tidal- and wind-driven cur-                 -   -
rents to carry eggs, larvae, or early juveniles into
estuarine nursery areas; and 4) species that enter         Darnell, R. M., R. E. Defenbaugh, and D. Moore.
estuaries during certain times of year to feed on          1983. Northwestern Gulf shelf bio-atlas. Open File
abundant prey. The importance of an estuary can be         Report No. 82-04. Minerals Management Service,
assessed by the intensity with which species use           Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Offfice. Metairie, LA.
estuarine habitats.  Importance can be estimated           438 p.
both by the number of species present as well as the
density of specific life stages in estuaries relative to   Gilmore, R. G. 1977. Fishes of the Indian River
offshore habitats. These data may assist in identify-      Lagoon and adjacent waters, Florida. Bull. Fla. St.
ing adverse effects of estuarine degradation on            Mus., Biol. Sci. 22: 101-148.
offshore populations.
                                                          Gunter, G. 1967. Some relationships of estuaries to
The presence or absence of members of a set of pre-        the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico. In G. H. Lauff
selected species or species with specific life history     (editor), Estuaries, pp. 621-638. Amer. Assoc. Adv.
strategies can be used to rank the importance of an        Sci. Sp. Publ. No. 83, Washington, DC. 757 p.
estuary to these species on a regional basis. For
example, if the species group is defined as anadro-        Hammerschmidt, P. C. and L. W. McEachron. 1986.
mous fishes that are commercially important off-           Trends in relative abundance of selected shellfishes
shore, the strength of the offshore-estuarine linkage      along the Texas coast: January 1977 - March 1986.
for each estuary can be established. This can be           Tex. Parks Wildl. Dept., Coast. Fish. Branch, Mgmt.
used to identify estuaries needing special attention       Data Ser., No. 108: 149 p.
or management. Data sets developed or under
development in SAB's Living Marine Resources Pro-          Joseph, E. B. 1973. Analysis of a nursery ground. In
gram and other NOAA programs will enable regional          A. L. Pacheco (editor). Proceedings of a Workshop
assessments with consistent species information            on Egg, Larval, and Juvenile Stages of Fish in
from the head-of-tide in estuaries to the continental      Atlantic Coast Estuaries.
shelf. Integration of biological and physical data will
significantly improve our ability to identify and define   Mann, K. H. 1982. Ecology of coastal waters. Univ.
the biological linkages and physical interchanges          of California Press, Los Angeles, CA. 322 p.
between estuarine and shelf habitats.
                                                          McEachron, L. W., and A. W. Green. 1984. Assess-
  ' *      o  o   -                                       ment of annual relative abundance and mean length
                                                          of six marine fishes in Texas coastal waters. Proc.
This report is part of an effort to "capture" the Nation's  Annu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agen-
data on fishes and invertebrates in estuaries (see         cies 38: 506-519.
inside front cover). This research is one step in
developing an information base to bridge the gap           Monaco, M. E. 1986. National Estuarine Inventory:
between site-specific estuarine problems and formu-        Living marine resources component, preliminary West
lating regional management strategies. Filling this        Coast study. ELMR Rpt. 1. Ocean Assessments Di-
gap is more important than ever, as it becomes clear       vision, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 33 p.
that cumulative effects of small changes in many

                                                     15







Monaco, M. E., T. E. Czapla, D. M. Nelson, and M. E.      Powell, A.B., D.E. Hoss, W.F. Hettler, D.S. Peters, L.
Pattillo. 1989. Distribution and Abundance of Fishes      Simoneaux, and S. Wagner. 1987. Abundance and
and Invertebrates in Texas Estuaries. ELMR Rpt.           distribution of ichthyoplankton in Florida Bay and
No. 3. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA.             adjacent waters. South Florida Research Report
Rockville, MD. 107 p.                                     SFRS-87/01.

Monaco, M. E., and R. L. Emmett. 1988. The Estuar-        Roessler, M.A. 1970. Checklist of fishes in Button-
ine Living Marine Resource Project: Washington            wood Canal, Everglades National Park, Florida, and
State Component. ELMR Rpt. 2. Strategic Assess-           observations on the seasonal occurrence and life
ment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 82p.                histories of selected species. Bull. Mar. Sci. 20:861-
                                                         893.
Monaco, M. E., D. M. Nelson, R. L. Emmett, and S.
A. Hinton. 1990. Distribution and Abundance of            Sherman, K., and L. M. Alexander (editors). 1985.
Fishes and Invertebrates in West Coast Estuaries,         Variability and management of large marine ecosys-
Volume 1: Data Summaries.  ELMR Rpt. No. 4.               tems. AAAS Selected Symposium 99. AAAS, Wash-
Strategic Assessment  Branch, NOS/NOAA.                   ington, DC. 319 p.
Rockville, MD. 240 p.
                                                         Shipp, R. L. 1988. Guide to fishes of the Gulf of
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-            Mexico. Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory, Dauphin
stration). 1984. The national status and trends pro-      Island, AL. 256 p.
gram for marine environmental quality: Program
description (memo). Ocean Assessments Division,           Suttkus, R.D., and G.E. Gunning. 1986. Biological
NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 28 p.                            survey of Perdido Bay. Annual report to St. Regis
                                                         Paper Company. Cantonment, Fla.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-
stration). 1985. National Estuarine Inventory: Data       Thayer, G.W., D.R. Colby, and W. F. Hettler, Jr. 1987.
Atlas. Volume 1. Physical and Hydrologic Character-       Utilization of the red mangrove prop root habitat by
istics. Strategic Assessment Branch, NOS/NOAA.            fishes in south Florida. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 36: 25-
Rockville, MD. 103 p.                                     38.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-            Thayer, G.W., and A. J. Chester. 1989. Distribution
stration). 1988. Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas       of fishes among basin and channel habitats in Flor-
Strategic Assessment: Data Atlas. Volume 1. Physi-        ida Bay. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44:200-219.
cal and Hydrologic Characteristics. Strategic As-
sessment Branch, NOS/NOAA. Rockville, MD. 135             Weinstein, M. P. 1979. Shallow marsh habitats as
p.                                                        primary nurseries for fishes and shellfish. Cape Fear
                                                          River, North Carolina. Fish. Bull., U. S. 77: 339-357.
Odum, W. E., and E. J. Heald. 1975. The detritus-
based food web of an estuarine mangrove community.
In L. E. Cronim (editor). Estuarine Research. Aca-
demic Press. New York, NY. pp. 265 - 286.

Oesterling, M. L., and C. A. Adams. 1982. Migration
of blue crabs along Florida's gulf coast. InH. M. Perry
and W. A. Van Engel (editors), Proceedings of the
blue crab colloquium, October 18-19, 1979, p. 37-57.
Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, Biloxi,
Miss.

Perry, H. M., G. Adkins, R. Condrey, P. C. Hammer-
schmidt, S. Heath, J. R. Herring, C. Moss, G. Perk-
ins, and P. Steele. 1984. A profile of the blue crab
fishery of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf States Marine
Fisheries Commission Report, December 1982. 184
PP.



                                                     16






                            Data Summary Tables


Table 2. Spatial distribution and relative abundance
Table 3. Temporal distribution
Table 4. Data reliability




In each data summary table, species are listed in phylogenetic order, as in Table 1. Estuaries
are listed in a southeast to northwest order, from Florida Bay, FL, to Mobile Bay, AL. At the
beginning of each data summary is an index table showing the page location of each species
and estuary within the data summary.































                                           17











Index to Table 2: Page location of spatial distribution table for each species and estuary.





                                                                                           Estuary



                                                                             ~~~,ZA ~~~~~~


 Common and Scientific Name                                         ~C
 Bay scallop (Aigapecten ifradians)
 American oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
 Common rangia (Rangia cuneata)
 Hard clam (Mercenaria species)                             P  19                               p. 20
 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)
 Pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum)
 While shrimp (Penaeus setiterus)
 Grass shrimp (Palaemonates pugio)
 Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus)
 Guff stone crab (Menippe adina)                            p. 21                               p. 22
 Stone crab (Menippe mercenaria)
 Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
 Tarpon (Megalaps atfanticus)
 Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae)                            .
 Gulf menhaden (Brevooria patronus)
 Yellowlin menhaden (Brevoortia smith#                      P. 23                               p. 24
 Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchib
 Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)
 Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis)
 Snook (Centropomus undecimahs)
 Bluefish (Pomatomus saltix)                                p. 25                                p. 26
 Blue runner (Caranx crysos)
 Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos)
 Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)
 Gray snapper (Lu ganus grieus)
 Pinfish (La godon rhomboides)
 Sand sealrout (Cynoscion arenanius)
 Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)                     P. 27                                p. 28
 Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus)
 Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus)
 Red drum (Sciasenps ocellatus)
 Striped mullet (Mugil cepthalus)
 Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)p.2p 3
 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomiorus maculatus)                 .2P  3
 Gulf flounder (Parafichthys albigutta)
 Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma)








Table 2. Spatial distribution and relative abundance

                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                                Ten     Caloosa-
                      Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                       Bay     Islands    River    Harbor       Bay      River      Bay

Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T  M  S T  M  *  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
Bay scallop       A                          O                                            O
                  S                         O                                            0
   Argopecten      J                          0                                            0
   irradians       L                          0                                           O
                  E                         0                                            0
American oyster   A                0O ï¿½                 0     00    I                N
                  S               00  0    00   00  13 3 
   Crassostrea                     00   0    0j0   00                           0 a 
   virginica       L               00   0               0 0   00 0   ï¿½                 0ï¿½ 
                  E               00   0    00   00   13 13
 Common rangia  A                          a ï¿½   ï¿½ ï¿½*                     0 C   00
                  S           a          *    a *   a                                0
   Rangia          J                               a    a a   0*    00
   cuneata         L                      *          **         S *                 00
                  E                      0*    @6   *6    @    0
 Hard clam         A                                        O         0          0         0
                  S                                       O         O          0         O
   Mercenaria      J                                        O0                     0
   species                                                                         
                  L                                       0         0          0         0
                  E                                       0         0          0         0
 Brown shrimp      A

   Penaeus
   aztecus
                  L
                  E
 Pink shrimp       A

   Penaeus         S
   duorarum                                             @      @                O  
                  L                                              ï¿½ï¿½            0    0
                  E
                     T M ST M S T M * T M S T M S T M ST M S
                                Ten     Caloosa-
                      Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                        Bay     Islands    River    Harbor       Bay      River      Bay
                                Islands    River I
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                         Salinity Zone                    Life Stage
 *      Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                  A - Adults
 (3     Abundant                            M - Mixing                       S - Spawning adults
0      Common                              S - Seawater                     J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,            * - Seawater zone not present.   L - Larvae
        or Not Present                                                      E - Eggs

                                           19







Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance

                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                      Apala     And-  S t. Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                      chicola    Andrew  hatchee
                       Bay        Bay      Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay
 Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
 Bay scallop        A                O  O                 0  0
                  S               00
   Argopecten      J                   0                 O
   irradians       L                  0 0
                  L               Oï¿½
                  E               00
 American oyster   A      R  (3                0          0                    0  0
                  S  ï¿½ï¿½   0    0    0                                        00
   Crassostrea    0                           0          0                    0 
   virginica    J        *  9       0         0      C                        0  0
                  L  (9           0 0        0         0                    00
                  E  *    0    0                                           0 0
 Common rangia  A O C            00           0   0ï¿½0 ï¿½          0 ï¿½  
                  S  a            0          0         0  
   Rangia    JO  0 0    0  0 0   0 
   cuneata         LO     0                   O      O       O
                  E  O            0          0         0  
 Hard clam          A                   O          0                0  0

                  J                   0          0
   Mercenaria  O                                  O
   species
                  L                   0         0
                  E                   0         0
 Brown shrimp       A     V) (             0                 .   

   Penaeus
   aztecus   S    O*   *
                  L   ï¿½            ï¿½         ï¿½          66 **
                  E
 Pink shrimp        A) ï¿½ )

   Penaeus
   duorarum    J   13               ï¿½ï¿½ 1         ï¿½I 0(0    00   00
                  L        0                               0
                  E
                     T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S
                      Apala-      St.    Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                      chicola   Andrew  hatchee        Bay       Bay        Bay
                       Bay       Bay       Bay

                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Salinity Zone              Life Stage
*       Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh            A - Adults
0       Abundant                            M - Mixing                 S - Spawning adults
0       Common                              S - Seawater               J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,                                        L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                 E - Eggs

                                           20








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance

                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                               Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                               Islands    River
                       Bay     Islands    River      Harbor      Bay      River       Bay
Species/Life Stage     T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  *  T  M  S  T M   S T  M   S T  M   S
White shrimp       A
                  S
  Penaeus          J                                                                 O
  setiferus        L
                  E
Grass shrimp       A      *     0  0  0                   S    O             a          
                  S  Sï¿½  00   *    ï¿½* 3  *    *3
  Palaemonetes S a             00 a  a                         aï¿½   a   a 
  pugio            L                          *          *      1   *   
                  L       0O0 a                         0           ~ 9                  ~
                  E  ï¿½  00   ï¿½    SO  aO  *ï¿½ 1 
Spiny lobster      A
                  M
  Panulirus                  0
  argus            L

                  S
Blue crab          A O O 0   1 i   @  O CD   0 0 ï¿½ ï¿½ 0 ï¿½ ï¿½
                  MOï¿½ 0                      ï¿½ 0            0            0ï¿½  0ï¿½
  Callinectes    J                   0                                    0   0    0 0
  sapidus          L         a 0       0  
                  S                                     CO  OCï¿½                 @  @
Gulf stone crab    A                                                                     O
                  M                                                                    O
  Menippe                                                                                O
  adina
                  L                                                                    0
                  S                                                                    0
Stone crab         A         0   0 0                     0 0           0          0          O
                  M   0  00                             00    0    0    0
  Menippe          J                   0                 00            0          0         0
  mercenaria
                  L                   0                 O0            0         0    0
                  S   0  00                             00    0   0   0
                     T M ST M STM* TM ST M ST M S T M S
                               Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                       Bay     Islands    River      Harbor      Bay       River      Bay

                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Salinity Zone                     Life Stage
*      Highly Abundant                      T - Tidal Fresh                   A - Adults
13      Abundant                            M - Mixing                        S - Spawning adults
0       Common                              S - Seawater                      J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,             * - Seawater zone not present.    L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                        E - Eggs
                                                                     M - Mating

                                          21








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance

                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                       Apala-      St.    Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                      chicola   Andrew  hatchee        Bay        Bay        Bay
                        Bay       Bay        Bay
Species/Life Stage     T  M  S T   M   S  T  M   S  T  M   S  T  M   S  T  M   S
White shrimp    A             O   O0     O 0                  O          0    0 O
                   S
   Penaeus    J                                    @ CD                0 ï¿½  
   setiferus
                   L
                   E
Grass shrimp        A         0    0                          6   
                  S  *@   @@ O@                                               * 6ï¿½
   Palaemonetes             @           
  pugioL                  *     

                   E  * @            0          0 il         *                 *
Spiny lobster       A                    0
                   M
   Panulirus
   argus
                   L
                   S
Blue crab           A O * * O  * C                 O  O   O a0   a 
                   MOO  O @    @    @    0 0
   Callinectes    J O  O                            O   CD Oï¿½
   sapidus          L                               @            
                   S    @              0                                0
Gulf stone crab     A     0  O





Stone crab          A
                   M
   Menippe          J
   mercenaria       L
                   S
                      T M ST M ST M ST M ST M ST M S
                      Apala-       St.    Choctaw-
                      chicola-    Ande      w  hatchee Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile


                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                           Salinity Zone                   Life Stage
*       Highly Abundant                      T - Tidal Fresh                 A - Adults
6)      Abundant                             M - Mixing                      S - Spawning adults
0       Common                               S - Seawater                    J - Juveniles
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,                                             L - Larvae
        or Not Present                                                       E - Eggs
                                                                      M - Mating

                                            22







Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                               Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                             ByIslands River
                       Bay     Islands    River    Harbor      Bay      River      Bay
 Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T  M  S T  M  '  T  M  S T  M  S T  M  S T  M  S
 Tarpon            A  00   00   0   01    0 0  0
                 S 
   Megalops           O  O  0 0  0 0 0                            0 0 0 0 0  0 0  0
   atlanticus
                 L                                      0                    0         0
                  E
Alabama shad      A                                                     O  O 0

  Alosa           S                                                    0
   alabamae                                                             0  0
                 L                                                    00
                  E                                                    0
 Gulf menhaden    A                                               O

   Brevoortia                                                           
  patronus        J  0                                                            0      0
                 L                                                           0      . )
                 E
Yellowfin menhaden A                                   0     @ 

   Brevoortia       s
  smithi          JO                           0  00
                 L  0O  @@                              0

Bay anchovy    A   6  0  ï¿½  O   ï¿½ a   a   O  0 

  Anchoa          S a  a  a  a              * a   
  mitchilli   O        0 a                                                    * a
                 L  *-   66   ï¿½                      *-   6                 6ï¿½  ï¿½*(
                 E  ON O                *                        @9  @6  * 0
Sheepshead minnow A   0 0 0 00 0   0    O 0  0                        0 0   0  O0  *
                 S 00  0 0  0    0 0  00'  0 
  Cyprinodon
   variegatus
   ariegatdu       J i    0  0  0  0  0  0  0       0  0  00 a     0    a 10 ï¿½
                 L 00  00  0   00  00  a0 ï¿½0
                 E  00 0          0  0   00  00 a0  0
                    T M ST M S T M   T M S T M S T M S T M S
                               Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                      Bay     Islands    River    Harbor      Bay       River     Bay

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                        Salinity Zone                    Life Stage
*      Highly Abundant                    T - Tidal Fresh                  A - Adults
O      Abundant                            M - Mixing                      S - Spawning adults
0      Common                             S - Seawater                     J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,           * - Seawater zone not present.   L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                      E - Eggs


                                         23







Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance
                                  Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                     Apala-       St.   Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                     chicola    Andrew  hatchee       Bay       Bay        Bay
                      Bay        Bay       Bay
 Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
Tarpon             A O0  O  O0000 00                                        00 
   Megalops                                                                  00
   atlanticus
   atlanticus      J0  0  0                0  0  0       0  0                0  0
                  L    0    0    0  00                                         0
                  E
 Alabama shad   A O O O O O O O O 0
   Alosa              0
   alabamae        J         
                  LO
                  EO
 Gulf menhaden      A     O      O  (  0  0                                   6 a

   Brevoortia
   patronus          0a0 0a0 0a
                  L   ï¿½  00                           00 0(0  a 
                  E ï¿½
Yellowfin menhaden A

   Brevoortia
   smithi
                  L
                  E
 Bay anchovy    A 0              O  0          * *9   O 0   60   0 0   -
                  S                ï¿½0   me s0    o  00   ï¿½ï¿½
   Anchoa
   mitchilli
                  L  a* aï¿½                     **    00 00  a6
                  E  a                  13             0 0  0 0  O 
Sheepshead minnow A O  O  O  O  O                                 O   0  

   Cyprinodon       S     0                    @         @  )      0 0        @
   variegatus    JO O   0                  O          0  0 0 0 0
                  L  88                                          0 8  0   0   0  
                  E        (   ï¿½)                      ï¿½ 13      00 0       0
                     TM ST M ST M ST M ST M ST M S
                      Apala-      St.    Choctaw-
                      Apahiola    Andre    w hatchee Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                       Bay       Bay       Bay        Bay       Bay        Bay
                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                         Salinity Zone                  Life Stage
*      Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                A - Adults
      Abundant                            M - Mixing                    S - Spawning adults
O      Common                              S - Seawater                   J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,                                           L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                    E - Eggs


                                          24








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance
                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                              Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                              Islands    River
                      Bay     Islands    River     Harbor      Bay       River      Bay
Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  *  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
Gulf killifish     A  O  O  0  0  O O  O  O O           ( 0        O  0         0  0  C    O
                 So0o0oo0oo @@ 00 @0  00
   Fundulus           OOOO OO    0   00    0    0
   grandis         J 0 0 0 0    0  0 0                             0 0 0                  0
                 L 0000 00    0  1 0  0    0    0
                 EOOO O000  SS@  00  @0  @0
                 EOo  A 0  0   0 0  0 ï¿½  0 0 0 0    00 0  0
   Centropomus   S                                          0
   undecimalis    J  0  0  0  ï¿½  0 ï¿½          ï¿½      ï¿½  ï¿½ 1    0  0  0
                 L    00 00  0  0 @
                 E                   0                    0      61
Bluefish           A  00   00                               0         0   00   00
   Pomatomus       S
   saltatrix       J                                     00                  00    00
                 L
                 E
Bluerunner         A                   O                    O         0          O         0
   Caranx
   crysos          J0                                       0         0          0         0
                 L
                 E
Crevalle jack      A                0      0      O                          00  O  O  O

   Caranx          S
   hippos          J  13    00   0                       0 0   0             0 0   0 0
                 L
                 E
Florida pompano   A           a                             @         O                    O

   Trachinotus
   carolinus       J                   0                           0  0                    0
                 L
                 E
                    T M ST M ST M * T M ST M ST M ST M S
                              Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                      Bay     Islands    River    Harbor       Bay       River      Bay

                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
Relative Abundance                         Salinity Zone                     Life Stage
*      Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                   A - Adults
O      Abundant                             M -Mixing                        S - Spawning adults
O      Common                               S - Seawater                     J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,             * - Seawater zone not present.   L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                       E - Eggs


                                         25








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance
                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                       Apala-      St.    Choctaw- Pensacola  Pdid    Mobil
                      chicola    Andrew  hatchee
                        Bay        Bay       Bay       Bay        Bay       Bay
 Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
 Gulf killifish    A  O  O  O  O  O  O  O  0          0  0  0              0  O0
                  S 00  00  00  00                                             0
   Fundulus   J 0 0                 0  0  0 0 0                            0@
   grandis         L   00   00   00   00                                          0
                  L 00  00  00  00                                           @0
                  E  O0    O  O   O0    O O                                   i0
 Snook             A O O O

   Centropomus
   undecimalis
                  L
                  E
 Bluefish          A  00   @                              00   00   00
   Pomatomus
   saltatrix    J   00   00   0 0   00                                 0   0 0
                  L
                  E
 Bluerunner        A          0             i)               0          0         0

   Caranx          J                                                      0
   crysos

                  E
 Crevalle jack     A      O  0       0  O      O  0       0  0          0         0

   Caranx
   hippos    J  00  00  00  0 0  0 0   0 0
                  L
                  E
 Florida pompano  A                     0          0                              0
                  S
   Trachinotus                          0                    0      0  0          0
   carolinus
                  L
                  E
                      T M ST M ST M ST M S T M ST M S
                       Apala-      St.    Choctaw-
                       Apachicola    Andre  w hatchee  Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                        Bay       Bay       Bay        Bay       Bay        Bay
                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Salinity Zone                  Life Stage
*       Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh               A - Adults
O      Abundant                             M - Mixing                     S - Spawning adults
0       Common                              S - Seawater                  J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,                                            L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                     E - Eggs


                                            26








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance
                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                                Ten     Caloosa-
                      Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                        Bay     Islands    River    Harbor       Bay       River      Bay
Species/Life Stage     T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  *  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M   S
Gray snapper       A                                        0                0  O       0  O
                  S
   Lutianus    J                0 0  0                      0         0   00   00
   griseus         L
                  E
Pinfish           A  a            a           0   i)    a*    a   

   Lagodon                       o                       *         s          *s
   rhomboides  J  0  0 0 a a                  * a   0
                  L                                    0              O    0    0
                  E
Sand seatrout      A                0     O            0   )                 0          0  
                  S                                         )     (3            O    O
   Cynoscion   J                                          0        @0          0           0
   arenarius                           0                                            a
                  L                   0                    0    0                         0
                  E                                        0  O0                0    0
Spotted seatrout   A     O     00            10                      0   0       0      0  0
   Cynoscion   S   @0    00   0                          @0   00 O                  0
   nebulosus   J                    0 0   0 a                      0 0 a                0 
                  L 00  00  0   00  00  @0  00
                  E  0   00  0O   0   0                                       0    0
Spot               A                                                @0   00   00

   Lebostomus
       xanthurus             0  0000  0000a00005a
                  L                   0                           0            0    0
                  E
Atlantic croaker    A                                                     0    0        00

   Micropogonias                              g                                O         O
   undulatus                                         0 0                  0    0 0 0 0
                  L                                                             0         0
                  E
                      T M ST M ST M * T M ST M ST M ST M S

                       Florida  Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte  Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                        Bay     Islands    River     Harbor      Bay       River      Bay
                                Islands    River
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Relative Abundance                         Salinity Zone                     Life Stage
 *      Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                   A - Adults
 O      Abundant                             M - Mixing                       S - Spawning adults
 0      Common                               S - Seawater                     J - Juveniles
 Blank  Rare, No Data Available,             * - Seawater zone not present.   L - Larvae
        or Not Present                                                       E - Eggs


                                             27








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance

                                 Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                     Apala-      St.    Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                     chicola   Andrew  hatchee       Bay        Bay        Bay
                      Bay       Bay       Bay
Species/Life Stage     T  M  S T  M  ST  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
Gray snapper       A                    0      0  0      3  0

  Lutjanus         S
  griseus    J                      00000   00   0  0 
                 L
                 E
Pinfish            A  a@ 13  0*0*                 ï¿½                00 O@

  Lagodon          S
  rhomboides   J   a               a                   0 * a a        0 0
                 L    0   a 0                  6  Oa                 0
                 E
Sand seatrout      A     (P         0      0 0       0      0     O  O   
      Cynoscion   S                00                   00   00  a0
  Cynoscion       S
  arenarius   J  ï¿½**@ï¿½0ï¿½ 000    000ï¿½@
                 L   @  00  a    00  00   ï¿½
                 E               00   3   00  00  a6
Spotted seatrout   A     O       O  i  O       O         00         0      O

  Cynoscion       S         0          0                    0
  nebulosus   J  00   0 0    CD 0   00    0
  nebulosus        J
                 L 00  00 00   00  00  00
                 E  00    0                               0
Spot               A   0 1           0         ï¿½O

  Leiostomus
  xanthurus    J 0              0         a                          00    6 
                 L   0  00 aï¿½  0   00  00

Atlantic croaker    A                                               0    0  

   Micropogonias
   undulatus   J  *                     0 0  0    000  0 
                 L  (3    00  O                       0              O 0
                 E
                    T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S
                     Apala-      St.    Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                     chicola   Andrew  hatchee aya B
                      Bay       Bay        Bay       Bay        Bay       Bay
                                 Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Salinity Zone                  Life Stage
6       Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                A - Adults
li)    Abundant                             M - Mixing                     S - Spawning adults
O       Common                              S - Seawater                   J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,                                            L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                     E - Eggs


                                         28








Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance
                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                               Ten     Caloosa-
                     Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee
                       Bay     Islands    River      Harbor      Bay       River      Bay

Species/Life Stage     T  M  S T  M  S  T  M  *  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
Red drum           A                                         0   0 O   00   O 0

  Sciaenops              00                          o o                      00  00
  ocellatus
                  L                          0    00  0@    0    0
                  E
Striped mullet     A      i  0  10  0                0 a    1  0  0  0   O a a  

  Mugil            J*0*@*    *O@*
  cephalus                     0 
                  L    0                                                        0
                  E
Code goby          A   ï¿½0 a                a *                      ï¿½  0*0   0  
                  S *@ a@  @   @0  0C  00  00
   Gobiosoma                                                                   0         00
  robustum
                  Lï¿½ ï¿½  ï¿½S (                            @6ï¿½   )   00  00
                  E  *   I                        0   *  0 1  0 0  00
Spanish mackerel  A       00       0                        0         0

  Scomberomorus   S
  maculatus        J     0  0       0  0                 0  0                     0

                  E
Gulf flounder      A      0  0      O  O                 O  O       O  O       O  O      O  O




Southern flounder  A                                                       O  0  0  O  0  O
   Paralichthys                                                            00    00
   lethostigma                                                                   0      0  0
                  L                                                             0  0 0
                  E
                     T M ST M ST M * T M ST M ST M ST M S
                               STen     Caloeosa-
                      Florida Thousand hatchee Charlotte Tampa Suwannee Apalachee
                       Bay     Islands    River      Harbor      Bay       River      Bay
                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Salinity Zone                     Life Stage
*       Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                   A - Adults
3       Abundant                            M - Mixing                        S - Spawning adults
0       Common                              S - Seawater                      J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,             * - Seawater zone not present.    L - Larvae
       or Not Present                                                        E - Eggs


                                          29







Table 2 (continued). Spatial distribution and relative abundance
                                 Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                    iApacla-   Andew hatchee  Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                    chicola   Andrew  hatchee        Bay       Bay        Bay
                     Bay       Bay       Bay
Species/Life Stage    T  M  S T M   S T  M   S T  M  S  T  M  S  T  M  S
Red drum           A  0 0   0 o               0 0   0 0                       0
                 S
   Sciaenops   J   00   00   00   0 0   0                                     0 0
   ocellatus
                 L   0    0  00    0                                           0
                 E
Striped mullet     A 6 )     0        ï¿½   0 0   0 0 0 O

  Mugil 
  cephalus        J             0       0                          00 1
                 L    0   O0 0                 1            O0 0
                 E
Code goby          A   00    O  O  0    0 
                 S 00     O O  00
      Gobiosoma         00   W               0 0   0 0
  robustum 
                 L 00 @   00  00
                 E 00  3   00  00
Spanish mackerel  A                           00  C  0  0          O          0 
                 S
  Scomberomorus  J0  0                                  0  0          0      0  0
  maculatus
                 L

Gulf flounder      A            0    0        0  0       0  0          0
                 S
  Parafichthys   J          0   0o            00            0    00 C
  albigutta        L        0          0         0          0         0          0
                 L   0    0    0    O    0    0
                 E
Southern flounder A OO O                      00000   00000

  Paralichthys     S
                eosigma JO   0000000 0  00000
                 L 00  00  00  00  00  00
                 E
                   T M ST M S T M ST M ST M ST M S
                    Apala-      St.    Choctaw-
                    cApala-     S    t. Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                    chicola   Andrew  hatchee
                     Bay       Bay       Bay        Bay       Bay        Bay
                                Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Salinity Zone                  Life Stage
*       Highly Abundant                     T - Tidal Fresh                A - Adults
i)      Abundant                            M - Mixing                     S - Spawning adults
0       Common                              S - Seawater                   J - Juveniles
Blank  Rare, No Data Available,                                            L - Larvae
      or Not Present                                                     E - Eggs


                                        30










Index to Table 3: Page location of temporal distribution table for each species and estuary.






                                                                                                   Estuary





 Common and Scientific Name                       ~           C         
 Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians)
 American oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
 Common rarigia (Rangia cuneata)
 Hard clam (Mercenana species)                       P.32            p. 33:            p. 34              p. 35
 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)
 Pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum)
 White shrimp (Penaeus setifanis)
 Grass shrimp (Palkeemonetes pouglo)
 Spiny lobster (Panufirus argus)
 Gulf stone crab (Menippe adinia)                    P. 36           p. 37             p. 38              p. 39
 Stone crab (Menippe mercenaria)
 Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
 Tarpon (Megalcps atlanticus)
 Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae)
 Gulf menhaden (Brevoortiapatronus)
 Yellowfln menhaden (Bravoortia smith                P. 40           P. 41             P. 42              p. 43
 Say anchovy (Anchoa mitchilh)
 Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodion variegatus)
 Gulf killilish (Fundulus grandis)
 Snook (Cenftrpomus undecimalis)
 Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)                      p4 4p. 45                         p. 46               p. 47
 Blue runner (Caranx crysos)
 Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos)
 Florida pompano (Trachinotus carofinus)
 Gray snapper (Lu(lanus griseus)
 Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
 Sand sealrout (Cynoscion arenanus)p.                        4       p        9 P.5              P      .       1
 Spotted seatrout (Cynosrion nebulosus)P.4                                9p.5P  5
 Spot (Lelostomus xanthurus)
 Atlantic croaker (Micropogonhas undulatus)
 Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
 Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus)
 Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)p.                            5       p           3     p         4    P . 5
 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus)           .5P   3P   4P  5
 Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta)
 Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma)












                                                                     31








Table 3. Temporal distribution
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                             Florida Bay     Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
 Month                  JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species / Life Stage
 Bay scallop         A
                     S                                                           I    I
   Argopecten        J
   irradians         L
                     E                             [--
 American oyster     A                        i                          .  .i .,i-..,,- ...m-=., l
                     S                        O I                 10
   Crassostrea       J i                                           I 
   virginica         L                        O                      I   '
                     E                        O[                   10  
 Common rangia       A
                     S
   Rangia            J
   cuneata
                     E
 Hard clam           A
                     S
   Mercenaria        J
   species           L
                     E

 Brown shrimp        A
                     S
   Penaeus           J
   aztecus           L
                     E

 Pink shrimp         A
                     S
   Penaeus                                                                    iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
   duorarum          L
                     E
                        JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                             Florida Bay     Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                            Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                      A - Adults
         E~fl    Abundant                     S - Spawning adults
                                             J - Juveniles
        Common                               L - Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,              E - Eggs
        or Not Present


                                          32








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Charlotte Harbor       Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
 Month                  JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species / Life Stage
 Bay scallop         A
                     S
   Argopecten       J
   irradians        L
                     E
 American  oyster    A    I                 II                   I. i..iiiiii.i.iii-i iiii.i.iiii. iiiii.il
                     S    O   I             I     I             I       CIir;-"~;.-".-~r-"'""~":-;'l
    Crassostrea      J    I                  I I                    iii -: iiiiii iiii  !!!H..
    virginica        L       I 
                     E  -    I              I     I!!!i                      i= il
 Common rangia       A
                     S               - 
    Rangia           J                                             ti:_.iiiii ji iii:ii:ii.:..:.:.:
   cuneata          L


 Hard clam           A  I                   II                   I 
                     S       I             I      I           I        I           I
   Mercenaria       J                       i i!iiiiiiiiT"iiiiii"i.iii ii I
   species          L
                     E       L_                   I _                  I     I
 Brown shrimp        A
                     S
    Penaeus          J
   aztecus          L
                     E

 Pink shrimp         A
                     S
    Penaeus          J         iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
    duorarum         L
                     E
                        JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                          Charlotte Harbor       Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
          [iiiiiii**iiiil  Abundant           S - Spawning adults
                                             J - Juveniles
 EI      iCommon                              L- Larvae
                                             E - Eggs
 Blank   Rare, No Data Available,
         or Not Present


                                          33










Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Apaiachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay     St. Andrew Bay
 Month                 JF MA MJJ ASO ND J FM AMJJASOND J FMAMJJASON D
Species/Life Stage
Bay scallop        A 
                     S
   Argo pecten      J  I
   irradians        L
                     E
American   oyster  A i          ii::::.i::.::::.:::3i:........................

   Crassostrea      J  i1,i                 o- ..............
   virginica        L                                    :: .:


Common rangia    A  Ii..............................

   Rangia       J                                           ...
   cuneataL 


Hard clam          AI
                     S
   Mercenaria       J
   species          L


Brown shrimp       A                                                  ......
                     S
   Penasus                                            i l.z     I
   aztecusL

                     E

Pink shrimp        A 

   Peniaeus     J                                              I
   duorarumL
                     E
                       JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                          Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay     St. Andrew Bay
                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                         Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                    A - Adults
        Abundant                           S - Spawning adults
                                             J - Juveniles
        Common                             L - Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,           E - Eggs
        or Not Present

                                         34










Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                       Choctawhatchee Bay       Pensacola Bay          Perdido Bay            Mobile Bay
 Month                  J F MA M JJA SON DJ F MAMVJ JASO N D J FM AM J JA SON0J F M AM J JA SON D
Species/Life Stage
 Bay scallop         A
                    S
   Argopecten        j
   irradians         L
                    E
American oyster     A                       i
                    S
   Crassostrea       j                       i
   virginica         L
                    E
 Common rangia       A  .         ...                   . .i  ... .         ....z.t....
                    S 
   Rangia        .      ....                                                ... .L    ...... .. ... .. ... .......,
   cuneata           L                                                  -                      -


 Hard clam           A                       III
                    S
   Mercenaria        jII
   species           L
                    E

 Brown shrimp        A-
                    S
   Penaeus  
   aztecus           L
                     E

 Pink shrimp         A
                    S
   PenaGeus          J                        I                         J                 0
   duora rum         L
                     E
                       J F M A M JJ A SO0 N D J F M A MJ J A SO0N D J F MA M JJ A SO0 N D J F M A M J J A SON D
                        Choctawhatchee Bay       Pensacola Bay          Perdido Bay            Mobile Bay
                                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                            Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                      A - Adults
           l~~    Abundant  ~~~~~S - Spawning adults
                  Abundant ~~~~~~J - Juveniles
    EJ  Common                               L -Larvae
Blank    Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
         or Not Present







                                                    35









Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution
                                            Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                               Florida Bay     Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
 Month                  J F MAMJJASO N D J FMAMJJASO N D J F MAMJ J ASOND
Species/Life Stage
White shrimp        A
                      S
   Penaeus          J
   setiferus         L
                      E

 Grass shrimp        A
                      S                            I      I    I
   Palaemonetes    J             r     _ 
   pugio             L   
                      E      _    =     _ :II    I   I           I     [

 Spiny lobster       A
                      M
   Panulirus        J  I
   argus             L
                      S
 Blue crab           A  Liii.ii....iiiii. i iiiiii ......iiii3!i .iiiiii-iiiiiiiiiii   iiiii.    iiiiiii.iiiiiiii
                      M  iiiiiijljiiiij iiiiij  iifiiiiiiiiii iiil iiij  i i~iiiiiiiiiiiiiirii
   Callinectes      J                                        .iiii.!3333!3 i 3..........................331i .33  3 3
   sapidus           L  i                          .........iii ... iiii. ........i..i 004 .iiiiiiii.iiiii.. iiiii3H . Zniiiii.i.iii. i 
                      S

 Gulf stone crab     A
                      M
   Menippe          J
   adina             L
                      S
 Stone crab          A                      II
                      M
                      M L |I r I r I I I
   Menippe           J
   mercenaria        L  
                      S     I             I      I
                         JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                               Florida Bay     Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
                                           Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
          Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
           2fl Abundant                        S - Spawning adults
                                                 J - Juveniles
          Common                              L - Larvae
                                                 E - Eggs
 Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
          or Not Present                      M - Mating


                                             36








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                          Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Charlotte Harbor        Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
Month                  JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
White shrimp        A
                     S
   Penaeus           J
   setiferus         L
                     E

Grass shrimp        A
                     S                         ....n
   Palaemonetes    J 
  pugio             L
                     E
Spiny lobster       A
                     M
   Panulirus         J
   argus             L
                     S
Blue crab           A .!H3.!! ....................-.3.' !i3....3.i 3H......... .
                     sapidus  L   t li;iiii-iiii-.iiz3iii-iiiiiiii-i3 i -i.iH  ;I iiii-i.ii3!3!33!iiiiii3ii--ii;;iiii!3ii i
   Callinectes       J     . ............................................... ........
   sapidus           L  V.-


Gulf stone crab     A
                     M
   Menippe           J
   adina             L
                     S

Stone crab          A  I                    II 
                     M  LJ    E
   Menippe           J                      II
   mercenaria    L   - - - I
                     S I               I        I            I          I         I
                        JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                          Charlotte Harbor        Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
   Eiii    Abundant                          S - Spawning adults
                                             J - Juveniles
        Common                              L - Larvae
                                             E -Eggs
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             M - Mating
         or Not Present


                                          37








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay     St. Andrew Bay
Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
White shrimp       A  E                     i ii-
                   S
   Penaeus          J           _I . .....                      II_
  setiferus        L
                   E
Grass shrimp       A                                              i  ..:....." '-"': rr':::.l
                   S                      _=_ Iiliiliiitiiii~i~iiiiiiiliii.'iiiHijiiil
   Palaemonetes    Ji .......................................I
  pugio            L                                               I =iiiiii-iii.iiiiii !
                   E        I.i  l..iiiiii'.i.:iii.iiiiiii.iiiii.'iii..."B.I
Spiny lobster      A                                                    L         1
                   M
  Panulirus        J
  argus            L
                   S
Blue crab          A  i i

  Callinectes      J
  sapidus          L
                  S     l! _,"~!,,'i.~1 i  !i;iiii i iiii; iiiii  : ::=   : : ii:'.'!!!:'ii i F :'si= iii  I F  I
Gulf stone crab    A   
                   M     I  -        I    I    r' - '-
  Menippe          J  
  adina            L
                   S      I          I         I           I
Stone crab         A
                   M     r
  Menippe  -       J
  mercenaria       L         I         J
                  S      !         J
                     JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                        Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay     St. Andrew Bay
                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                    A - Adults
=,ie~i~ia   Abundant                        S - Spawning adults
                                         J - Juveniles
        Common                             L- Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,            M - Mating
        or Not Present


                                     38








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay         Perdido Bay          Mobile Bay
Month                 JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
White shrimp       A  '         j         '         '  
                    S
   Penaeus          J    I     H.ii.iiii.i.iiiiiiiiiiil I  i.iiii .iiiiiiiiiiiiiii  II I.I r -=iii.i  Hii  I
   setiferus        L
                     E
Grass shrimp       A
                    S _:::.:::.                                                         -
   Palaemonetes    J  ii.i.iiiiiiii. iiii.................
  pugio            L  .;i. r


Spiny lobster      A
                    M
   Panulirus        J
  argus            L
                    S
Blue crab          A     ...........              . ......
Blue  crab         A  liiiiiiiiii iiii lliiilliiii iiiiiiiiiiiil liliiliiiiii=ii iii- iiiiiiiiiii iiill I  I  iii ii F'iiiiiiiii  I

   Callinectes     J                 iiii iiiiiiii      ...iiiiii-iiiii l tiiiii= iiiiLiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil  I 
  sapidus
  sapidus             li. i i!H.l I [111i HH i!!!  !!:!l:i!!!HlI l-H::!! ::',:'-*.:[!!!!!!!!:.!i !!l::!:!H:!!!!::,!i!!!:.!l I  I  I  :i! !!!_!!Hi!Hiii:::::::::    "-:-" l
                    S                                             I
Gulf stone crab    A
                    M
  Menippe          J
  adina            L
                    S
Stone crab         A
                    M
  Menippe          J
  mercenaria       L
                    S
                       JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
                       Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay         Perdido Bay          Mobile Bay
                                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                         Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                   A - Adults
         iii~iiiiiiiiil  Abundant          S - Spawning adults
                                             J - Juveniles
        Common                            L - Larvae
                                             E - Eggs
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,           M  Mating
        or Not Present









                                                    39








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Florida Bay    Tan Thousand Is lands Caloosahatchee River
Month                 J FMA MJ JASON D J FMAM JJASOND0 J FMA MJJASO0ND0
Species/Life Stage
Tarpon             A                                                .......................
                   S
   Megalops         J  I                  I'...........................
   atlanticus       L
                   E
Alabama shad       A
                   S
   Alosa 
   alabamae         L
                   E
Gulf menhaden      A
                   S
   Brevoortia       J
  patronus         L
                   E
Yellowfin menhaden A
                   S
   Brevoortia      J      .        ~::~___

                   E

Bay anchovy        A

  Anchoaj
  mitchilliL
                   E-
Sheepshead minnow A                ..........

   Cyprinodon      JI::I.I
   variegatus      L                      I
                   E
                      J FM A M JJA SON DJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                           Florida Bay    Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                         Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                    A - Adults
     Abundant                              S - Spawning adults
                                          J - Juveniles
        Common                             L -Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,            E - Eggs
        or Not Present



                                       40







Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Charlotte Harbor       Tampa Bay         Suwannee River
Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
Tarpon              A     iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii"iii"ii'"::. iiiiiiii.i..l  _I '::"-."::" i
                   S   . i..ii.iiiiiiii.iiil.....iiiiii ij....
  Megalops         J  l.iiii.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii  I  II
  atlanticus       L              L  . _
                   E
Alabama shad       A                                             L         J
                   S                                             r
  Alosa            J                                                 [   -
  alabamae         L
                   E
Gulf menhaden      A
                   S
   Brevoortia       J                               _ i
  patronus         L                                                             _
                   E
Yellowfin menhaden A      .                j
                   S
  Brevoortia       J       I             I ..iiiiii'iiiiiii.ii  i......
  smithi           L
                   E

Bay anchovy        A
                   S           -
  Anchoa           J                       .        :- .
  mitchilli        L
                   E
Sheepshead minnow A  I                     liiii                    -
                   S       I           I                                  -
   Cyprinodon       J            II                   _            M      _
   variegatus       L
                   E       r           I       I     ;~!ir
                      JF MAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND J FMAMJJAS'OND
                        Charlotte Harbor       Tampa Bay         Suwannee River
                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
""-"~   Abundant                            S - Spawning adults
                                          J - Juveniles
I-   Common                                 L- Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,            E- Eggs
        or Not Present


                                       41








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Apalachee Say       Apalachicola Bay      St. Andrew Bay
Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND  JFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
 Tarpon             A
                   S
   Megalops         J
   atlanticus       L
                   E
 Alabama shad       A
                   S
   Alosa            J
   alabamae         L
                   E
 Gulf menhaden      A                                                t   t.
                   S
   Brevoortia       j    f                      .....
   patronus         L    mg                                                        0  
                   E
Yellowfin menhaden A
                   S
   Brevoortia       J
   smithi           L
                   E

Bay anchovy'       A

   Anchaa ...................
   mitchilli    .   L...
                   E                            BON
Sheepshead minnow A 1:..... ........  .........

   Cyprinodon       S
   variegatus       L
                   E
                     JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                        Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay     St. Andrew Bay
                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
    -   Highly Abundant                    A - Adults
    0l  Abundant                           S - Spawning adults
                                         J - Juveniles
        Common                             L - Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,            E - Eggs
        or Not Present



                                      42








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                         Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay           Perdido Bay           Mobile Bay
Month                 J FM A MJ JA SOND J FM AMJ JA SON D J FM A M JJA SON D JF MAM J JA SON D
Species/Life Stage
Tarpon              A
                     S
  Magalops         J  II
  atlanticus       L               l
                     E
Alabama shad        A
                     S
  Alosa            j
  alabamae         L
                     E
Gulf menhaden       A                                                                                 MF-
                     s
  Brevoortia       j            - . - 
  patronus         L  1            ~ i  
                     E
Yellowfin menhaden A
                     S
  Brevoortia       J
  smithi           L
                     E

Bay anchovy         A-.-..-                                     .
                     S                                                                         -
  Anchoa           J
  mitchilli        L 
                     E                                         I
Sheepshead minnow A        ..i   5 5                          'I                     I1 5z.
                                       S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ~..=... ..... .... ........
   Cyproo                    I.                                                       17.,. I.
   variegatus       L             -~                        ._____
                     E       ~     -
                        J FM A MJ JA SON D JFMAMJJASOND JFlMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
                         Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay           Perdido Bay           Mobile Say
                                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
    E~J Abundant                            S - Spawning adults
                                               J - Juveniles
         Common                              L - Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E-Eg
         or Not Present










                                                       43








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Florida Bay     Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
Month                  J FMA MJJASON DJ FM AM JJASOND J FMA MJ JASO N 
Species/Life Stage
Gulf killifish      AlI
                   S                           I,.......    ...................
  Fundulus  ...                  . . .     . .    .......
  grandis      .    .     .       .       .. .  .
                    E 
Snook                Ai                     i........

  Centropomus       J                                ........         .............  ..........  ..
  undecimalis       L
                    E
Bluefish            A                       I
                   S
  Pomatomus         i
  saltatrix         L
                    E
Biuerunner          A
                   S
  Caranx            j
      C'rysos      L
                   E
Crevalle jack       A  .................__
                   S
  Caranx..
  hippos            L
                   E
Florida pompano    A
                   S
  Trachinotus       j     E~l
  carolinus         L
                   E
                      JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                           Florida Bay     Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
Relative Abundance                            Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                      A - Adults
     Abundant                                S - Spawning adults
                                            J - Juveniles
    ~1  Common                                L - Larvae
Blank    Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
        or Not Present


                                       44








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution
                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Charlotte Harbor       Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
Month                 J FMA MJJASO ND J FMAMJJASON D J FMA MJJASO0N D
Species/Life Stage
Gulf killifish      A  ........ .                         .i...
                  S   ~.........................
  Fundulus         j ......  
  grandis PR........
                   E 
Snook               A.
                  S
  Centropomus      j   ...................
  undecimalis       L
                   E
Bluefish           A

  Pomatomus 
  salttix           L
                   E
Bluerunner         A                       i
                  S
  Caranx           jI
      crysos      ~L
                   E

Crevalle lack       A             ~~j
                  S
  C~aranix         jI
  hippos            L
                   E
Florida pompano    A      i....... .     ....
  Trachinotus      j          .....
  carolinus         L
                   E
                     JF MA MJJASO ND JFM AMJJASON D J FMAMJJASO0ND0
                       Charlotte Harbor       Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
          ~~   Abundant  ~~~~~S - Spawning adults
                Abundant ~~~~~~J - Juveniles
        Common                              L -Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
        or Not Present


                                      45









 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                         Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay      St. Andrew Bay
 Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species/Life Stage
 Gulf killifish     A  iiiii.iii;iiiiii.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.11 I  I I

   Fundulus         J .iiiiiiiiiiiiii...iii-i-: : : ii.iiiiii{iiil i  I .    l        I
   grandis          L
                    E        C     C                       J I      I            I
 Snook              A  
                    S
   Centropomus      J
   undecimalis      L
                    E
 Bluefish           A                     I     I      I             .  iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

   Pomatomus        J
   saltatrix        L
                    E
 Bluerunner         A           I _    _ .                              li
                    S
   Caranx           J    L                                              t _. _
   crysos           L
                    E

 Crevalle jack      A      I              I    I
                    S
   Caranx           J
   hippos           L
                    E
 Florida pompano    A       r  
                   S
   Trachinotus      J   1
   carolinus        L
                    E
                      JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                         Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay      St. Andrew Bay
                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
  I~iii~~;   Abundant                       S - Spawning adults
                                          J - Juveniles
        Common                              L- Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
        or Not Present



                                       46








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                                Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                      Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay          Perdido Bay           Mobile Bay
Month                 JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJ ASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
Gulf killifish     A    i                 I                                                       iiiiiiiii
                   S     I        J           I          I                    tiD:" =-":: I -""  "--":'="";
  Fundulus         J   "    [   I                              I                      .--iEi-.ii3-i--iiii-iBiiiiiiiii-iiL:iii
  grandis          L                                                              .            . ..
                   E      I        ]          I .        I                              iiJeri3 3i i
Snook              A
                   S
  Centropomus      J
  undecimalis      L
                   E
Bluefish           A      E     ..ii.i,. -=.-..: I           J  .ii .
                   S
  Pomatomus        J I                   , _ _                                        r
  saltatrix        L
                   E
Bluerunner         A                   I L                 J                                _ _ L     J
                   S
  Caranx  
  crysos           L
                   E

Crevalle jack      A
                   S
  Caranx           j
  hippos           L
                   E
Florida pompano    A  
                  S
  Trachinotus      j
  carolinus        L
                   E
                     JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
                      Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay          Perdido Bay           Mobile Bay
                                                Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                    A - Adults
 ::-*i ~ Abundant                          S - Spawning adults
                                          J - Juveniles
        Common                             L - Larvae
                                          E - Eggs
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,
        or Not Present









                                                 47








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Florida Bay    Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
 Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species/Life Stage
 Gray snapper        A
                   S
   Lutjanus         J . iiii ..iiiiiiiiiii..iiii.iiiiii.iii 1   .
   griseus          L
                   E
 Pinfish            A
                   S
   Lagodon          J jii.       :     :.iiiii.iiii             II :ii.:_ I
   rhomboides       L           am
                   E
 Sand seatrout      A
                   S
   Cynoscion        J                        iiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii i 
   arenarius
                   E
 Spotted seatrout  A i.iii I
                   S I      3isii33i~ii~iiiiii~iiji33iiiiiji  1 1  

                   L  I     iii'iii;:ii:;.iiiiiii'i"iiiiii"ii  II  I I 
                   E L       ii33i,":iii: i33!3!3!i!!i  I I   II
 Spot                A
                   S
   Leiostomus       J
   xanthurus
                   L                        liU. ....['"
                   E
 Atlantic croaker    A
                   S


                   E
                     JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                          Florida Bay    Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
"i'-'~  Abundant                            S - Spawning adults
                                         J - Juveniles
        Common                              L- Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
        or Not Present


                                      48








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                          Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                           Charlotte Harbor        Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
 Month                  JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species/Life Stage
 Gray snapper        A           r   
                      S
   Lutjanus          J          I          I I                    I
   griseus           L
                      E
 Pinfish             A                                              i_
                      S
   Lagodon           J                           iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
   rhomboides        L                    -I        I  1  
                      E
 Sand seatrout       A                                        .... iiiiiiiii.iiiiiiiiii .....
                      S
                      S         _    1ieliiieiei   I   ieieiifiiiiiii  I  I       1
   Cynoscion         J  i                                   s
   arenarius         L         eli                I  iiiiiiiiiiiiii    I 
                      E
                      E       . .          .      ......i . .    .i.iiiiii    1    1  1
 Spotted seatrout    A                                            IIiiiii .......iiiiiigiii.....lii..iii.iiiii.iiiiiiiiii
                      S
                      S                          I iiII  l-.iiiii iiliiiijjjiijijjjGi |   |1   1 = =
   Cynoscion         J  .i.i.i.iiiiiiiiiii..iiiiiii.. i .          iiiiiiiiiiiiii.iiiiriii.iii
   nebulosus         L  I                        lse.
                      L                 : ii:iiiiiii:iiiiiii siiiiiiii a  r altn
                      E  r  iZi-isrjiiiiiisririsEaRSiEZi~iZiisiiii  I  I  I  lii1 = 1~i~iii~iii

 Spot                A  iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ...
                      S
   Leiostomus        J              i
   xanthurus         L 
                      E
 Atlantic croaker    A
                      S
   Micropogonias    J 
   undulatus         L                                                            _
                      E
                         JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                            Charlotte Harbor        Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
                                          Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
          Highly Abundant                     A -Adults
iii~iiiJiiiiil  Abundant                     S - Spawning adults
                   @E5 ~Abundant  ~J -Juveniles
         Common                               L - Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
         or Not Present



                                           49









Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                          Apalachee Bay        Apalachicola Bay       St. Andrew Bay
 Month                  JF-MAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species/Life Stage
 Gray snapper        A                      J
                    S
   Lutjanus          jI
   griseus           L
                    E
 Pinfish             A  I~!~!L!i 
                    S
   Lagodon              ............
   rhomboides        L                                           0
                    E
 Sand seatrout       A                 ................
                    S
   Cynoscion         i j
   arenarius         L
                    E
 Spotted seatrout    Aii
                    S
   Cynoscion         J
  nebulosus         L


Spot                A                                  -
                    S
  Leiostomus        i                                n              :.:--: !- ...........
  xanthurus         L         E       l      c
                    E
Atlantic croaker    A
                    S
  Micropogonias    jI
   undulatus         L
                    E
                       JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND J FM AM J JA SON D
                          Apalachee Bay        Apalachicola Bay       St. Andrew Bay
                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                            Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                      A - Adults
                 Abundant ~~~~~S - Spawning adults
           E~~fl~~   Abundant ~~~~J - Juveniles
        Common                               L - Larvae
Blank    Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
        or Not Present



                                        50








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Choctawhatchee Bay       Pensacola Bay          Perdido Bay            Mobile Bay
 Month                  J F MAM J JA SON DJ FM A M JJ A SOND J F MAM J JA SOND J FM AM J JA SON 0
 Species/Life Stage
 Gray snapper         A                 -
                     S
   Lutianus          j  0
   gliseus           L
                     E
 Pinfish             A                               .  .     .    .. .   ........

   L~a godon         j              at:.:zu::::znz::::z::zzIhi   ...!!ui  . . . . . . . .   .   ::z:::th~nI:~Is::~~nt:
   rhomboides        L                                            5o 
                     E
 Sand seatrout        A  .    . .    .       ....... ... ...............


   arenarius         L 
                     E                                                                         lea
 Spotted seatrou~t    A         H...:::  M MM..I HUH:I~~::2::~I
                     S
   Cynoscion         J ...        ....-.--...*......
   nebulosus    . . ... ........ .....
                     E

 Spot                 A   i.......... . .......-.....-......
                     S
   Leiostomus        j i...-
   xanthurus         L                     MEN=
                     E
 Atlantic croaker  A .. . ....
                     S
   Micropogonias    j        E     l    m     I - 
   undultsL                             ______ ____

                     E
                       JFMAMJJASO ND J FMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJA8OND
                        Choctawhatchee Bay       Pensacola Bay          Perdido Bay             Mobile Bay
                                                  Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

  Relative Abundance                             Life Stage
           Highly Abundant                      A - Adults
       Abundant                                 S - Spawning adults
                                               J - Juveniles
           Common                                L -Larvae
  Blank    Rare, No Data Available,              E-Eg
           or Not Present








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                             Florida Bay    Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
Red drum           A
                     S
  Sciaenops        J  I                    I                     Ei-.i'iii.i.:.IIIIiiii.....iii.i.iiiii.iiiil
  ocellatus        L
                     E
Striped mullet     A            '1               liiii:ii:i..:l  I                   I
                     S
  Mugil            J _ _
  cephalus          L
                     E
Code goby          A
                    S             ! i.-'ii  li:.-'1iiiil  . ' .: iliii;Hiii"i"i:  |  |
  Gobiosoma                                                                          I
  robustum          L  era   
                     LE i~-"."~      _r~   _1 l~' _ . =s.r_...._1 ... I.-..==
Spanish mackerel   A  I                    I
                     S
  Scomberomorus  j
  maculatus        L
                     E

Gulf flounder      A      [            I
                    S
  Paralichthys     j                      
  albigutta         L
                     E
Southern flounder   A
                    S
  Paralichthys     J
  lethostigma       L
                     E
                       JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                             Florida Bay    Ten Thousand Islands Caloosahatchee River
                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
         fiiiiiii3   Abundant                S - Spawning adults
                                              J - Juveniles
         Common                              L- Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
         or Not Present


                                          52








 Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                          Charlotte Harbor        Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
 Month                  JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
 Species/Life Stage
 Red drum            A  I                    II                   II
                     S
   Sciaenops         j                        K.... --  ........-..-..-  .i.  !.. ..Jl .
   ocellatus         L   [                                          0 .r   - 
                     E
 Striped mullet      A             ..I:.... .I....   Ii.iiiiiii"i"i:       i............ii-l.".."."
                     S
   Mugil             J                                             I .......- : ..""...
   cephalus          L
                     E

 Code goby           A
                     S                i :'."il     iiit- "  I-'I  
   Gobiosoma         J                       II      1?l.-'r"-:"'i  II
   robustum          L
                     E  I                                                        I
 Spanish mackerel   A                        i
                     S
   Scomberomorus  J
   maculatus         L
                     E

 Gulf flounder       A
                     S
   Paralichthys      J                                      I         
   albigutta         L        I 
                     E
 Southern flounder   A
                     S
   Paralichthys      J
   lethostigma       L                                              r
                     E
                        JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
                          Charlotte Harbor        Tampa Bay          Suwannee River
                                         Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                            Life Stage
        Highly Abundant                      A - Adults
        ~iiiiiiiii~jj~il  Abundant           S - Spawning adults
                                            J - Juveniles
        Common                               L - Larvae
Blank    Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
        or Not Present


                                          53








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                           Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                            Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay      St. Andrew Bay
Month                 JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND
Species/Life Stage
Red drum           A  ............

  Sciaenops        j  I                    I                     
  ocellatus        L                                             c
                     E
Striped mullet     A                           I           ""I............
                     S
  Mugil                                     .....................
  cephalus          L                                                              c
                     E
Code goby          A                       iI...

  Gobiosoma    j               ..                    .         .       . .... I.  ......
  robustum         L
                     E
Spanish mackerel   A                                                ....... ...
                     S
  Scomberomorus  j
  maculatus ......
                     E

Gulf flounderA
                     S
  Paralichthys     j                       i
  albiguttaL
                     E
Southern flounder   A                      i                    i
                     S
  Paralichthys     j  Ii
  let ho stigma     L                                         c
                     E
                        J FMA MJ JA SON D J F MAM J JA SON D J F MA M JJASO N D
                           Apalachee Bay       Apalachicola Bay      St. Andrew Bay
                                          Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
Relative Abundance                          Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                     A - Adults
     Abundant                               S - Spawning adults
                                               J - Juveniles
         Common                              L -Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
         or Not Present



                                           54








Table 3 (continued). Temporal distribution

                                                  Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
                        Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay            Perdido Bay          Mobile Bay
 Month                 JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
 Species/Life Stage
 Red drum            A  I                   i C                r
                    S
   Sciaenops         j  I                   II                    II 
   ocellatus         L
                     E
 Striped mullet      A                                                   I             I           iiiiiiii
                    S
   Mugil             J  I.l. iiiii..:  .ii iiiiiii.       .iiii.iiii l  li.iiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiii ii-iHi:l  I  I iLiiiiiiHiii: ,    uiii;:  iii:iii; iiiuii
   cephalus          L             I          tiii                 l
                     E
 Code goby           A  I                   II

   Gobiosoma         j  ,                    I 
   robustum          L
                    E     I         J I     I           J r-I
 Spanish mackerel   A                  I         -' [  ]    =;        .     ir..i I                  I'"'"-
                    S
   Scomberomorus  J
   maculatus         L
                     E

 Gulf flounder       A                I                                             I
                    S
   Paralichthys      J  ]                   I J                   t  
   albigutta         L                                          c I
                    E
 Southern flounder   A                                                I             I
                    S
   Paralichthys      J  I                    II                  II
   lethostigma       L
                    E
                       JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASOND
                        Choctawhatchee Bay    Pensacola Bay            Perdido Bay          Mobile Bay
                                                   Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Relative Abundance                           Life Stage
         Highly Abundant                     A -Adults
         I""""""'I   Abundant                S - Spawning adults
                                            J - Juveniles
         Common                              L - Larvae
Blank   Rare, No Data Available,             E - Eggs
         or Not Present









                                                    55











Index to Table 4: Page location of data reliability table for each species and estuary.






                                                                                          Estuary





 Common and Scientific Name

 Bay scallop (Argopecten irradans)
 American oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
 Common ranigia (Rangia cuneata)575
 Hard clam (Mercenania species)P.SP.5
 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)
 Pink shrimp (Penraeus duoranum)
 White shrimp (Penaeus sefifenus)
 Grass shrimp (Palaamonetes puglo)
 Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus)
 Gulf stone crab (Menippe adina)                            P. 59                               P. 60
 Stone crab (Menippe mercenania)
 Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
 Tarpon (Megaloos atlantficus)
 Alabama shad (Alasa alabam~ae)
Gulf menhaden (Bre voort a patronus)                       :.6
 Yellowfin menhaden (Brevoorba smithi)o                         1                                *6
 Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli)
 Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegalus)
Gull killifish (Fundulus grandis)
 Snook (Centropomus undecimalis)
 Bluefish (Pomatomus salltfrix)
 Blue runner (Caranx crysos)                                p. 63                               p. 64
 Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos)
 Florida pompano (Trachrinotus carolinus)
Gray snapper (Lulianus griseus)
 Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenanuvs)
Spotled sealrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)                     P. 65                               P. 66
Spot (Leiostomus xanfhurus)
Atlantic croaker (Alicropogonias undulatus)
 Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Striped mullet (Mugul cephalus)
Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)p.6                                    P .8
Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus)P.6P.6
 Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta)
 Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigmao













                                                                56







Table 4. Data reliability

                                            Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                                   Ten      Caloosa-
                        Florida   Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                         Bay      Islands     River     Harbor       Bay       River       Bay
 Species/Life Stage
 Bay scallop         A     *ï¿½   O                                      I          * ï¿½
                    S     ï¿½         El         El         O          El         * ï¿½E
   Argopecten        J     * ii                            0          1          U           i
   irradians         L     *
                    E         *ï¿½    EI         I          O          E          ï¿½ *1
 American oyster    A      *          *          U          U          *          I
                    S   ï¿½            i         O           i         i          i          i
   Crassostrea       J                                      i                                i
   virginica         L        O                            EJ
                    E        ï¿½      I          O          El         El         El        li
 Common rangia    A                                                              El         13
                    S  *            *          Eï¿½  ï¿½             ï¿½              El  Il
   Rangia            J     * 0                  E          El
   cuneata           L     *                                           iE
                    E        *                 El         El         El         El         El
 Hard clam           A         ï¿½                 U ï¿½                  [           ï¿½          [ 
                    S  ï¿½  ï¿½ *                             0          El         3          0
   Mercenaria        J        O
   species           L  
                    E   ï¿½           ï¿½          ï¿½                     lO  I  [              0
 Brown shrimp        A     El                    O          El         O         *          O
                    S  0C    *    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
   Penaeus           J i                         O         E  
   aztecus           L                                           13         0
                    L  O    *    *                        *  ï¿½                             ï¿½

 Pink shrimp         A     ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½         ï¿½          I3         El
   Penaeus           S
   duorarum          J     ï¿½          ï¿½          0          El        ï¿½           i[         ï¿½
                    L   ï¿½           ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          iI         El
                    E. ï¿½    ï¿½                  ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½

                                   Ten      Caloosa-
                        Florida   Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                         Bay      Islands     River     Harbor       Bay       River       Bay

                                            Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Reliability                                  Life Stage
U     Highly Certain                         A - Adults
                                          S - Spawning adults
13    Moderately Certain                     J -Juveniles
O     Reasonable Inference                   L- Larvae
                                          E - Eggs


                                               57








Table 4 (continued). Data reliability
                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                     Apalachi-    St.      Chocta-
                        pcola- Andrew   watchee  Pensacola  Perdido   Mobile
                        cola     Andrew   watchee
                        Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay       Bay        Bay
 Species/Life Stage
 Bay scallop         A     O          ï¿½         ï¿½           lï¿½                   ï¿½ 
                   S  EI    II                ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½
   Argopecten        J        ï¿½                            []
   irradians         L
                   E  E                       ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½
 American oyster    A      IE         El                              ï¿½    
                   S     13        13         i]                    ï¿½          l
   Crassostrea      J      i         [i                    i  ï¿½                  i
   virginica         L     E                               O o
                   L               li] F]   B I          0          U          []
                   E  E  O                                          * 
 Common rangia    A        El              13   El         El         O          Ei
                   S     I          i         i          I          i          I
   Rangia           J  n l                      ]   
   cuneata           L                          E
                   L    El         13         El         El         El        El
                   E  [                        IN [      [                [[
 Hard clam           A     *          OI        [I         ï¿½           I 
                   S     ï¿½         EI         El         ï¿½          I E3
   Mercenaria       J      ï¿½  
   species           L     *
                   E     ï¿½         El          3         ï¿½          ] EE
 Brown shrimp        A     *ï¿½         *         *          El         * 
                   S    ï¿½ *                              *          * 
   Penaeus          J      *         *  
   aztecus           L     *
                   E  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
 Pink shrimp         A      3         ï¿½         ï¿½ *ï¿½ E 
   Penaeus           S
   duorarum          J   ï¿½           ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½
                   L  R   I  ï¿½    ï¿½    [
                   E  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½

                      Apalachi-    St.      Chocta-
                        Apalachi-    St.    Chocta- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                        cola     Andrew   watcheey Bay
                        Bay        Bay        By         Bay       Bay        Bay

                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Reliability                                  Life Stage
*     Highly Certain                         A-Adults
                                         S - Spawning adults
Ml    Moderately Certain                     J -Juveniles
O     Reasonable Inference                   L - Larvae
                                         E - Eggs


                                             58








Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                           Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                                   Ten      Caloosa-
                        Florida   Thoend Chalhsae  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                         Bay      Tshoands    Ratciee   Harbor       Bay        River      Bay
 Species/Life Stage
 White shrimp         A     *         *          *                                            ii
                    S ï¿½                   ï¿½          ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    I
   Penaeus           j     *
   setiferus         L
                    E               ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½                      ï¿½           ï¿½ *
 Grass shrimp         A    E[         El         El [  ]               El          n          o
                    S    13         3          E          Ei         El          O          El
   Palaemonetes  J  [                  ] M       l []                  O          O 
   pugio              L   i                      i          i9         i                      I
                    E    EL        IE          E          E[ I1                     I0
 Spiny lobster        A    El         3          ï¿½          El                     El        El
                    M  ï¿½            ï¿½          *          *          ï¿½           [          O
   Panulirus         J         []                           I          I          I E
   argus             L    *
                    S  *            ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½           ï¿½          I          13
 Blue crab           A    1E          *          ï¿½          ï¿½          El          0          13
                    M I             ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          El          E          13
   Callinectes       J IN                        o                     i              EE
   sapidus           L    O           O                                   
                    S  EI           ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½           l          El         O
 Gulf stone crab     A      *         *          *          *           *          O          ï¿½

   Menippe           J    *  
   adina             L    *
                    L  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    [    []
                    S  *ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    C    [
 Stone crab           A     ï¿½         *          El         [           ï¿½          EI         O
                    M   *           ï¿½          13         0           ï¿½          El         O
   Menippe           J                                      o                     I E  *      O
   mercenaria
                    L   ï¿½           ï¿½          [          []                    IEl 
                    S         ï¿½      ï¿½                     E          l ï¿½        I[         [

                                  Ten      Caloosa-
                        Florida   Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte   Tampa   Suwannee Apalachee
                         Bay      Islands -   River     Harbor       Bay        River       Bay

                                           Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
Reliability                                   Life Stage
*     Highly Certain                          A - Adults
                                          S - Spawning adults
1E    Moderately Certain                      J - Juveniles
E[    Reasonable Inference                    L - Larvae
                                          E - Eggs
                                          M - Mating


                                               59







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                       Apalachi-    St.   Chocta- PnaoaPrioMbl
                         cola    Andrew  whatchee PenayoBay Prdo MBile
                         Bay       Bay        Bay       BaBy                 By
Species/Life Stage
White shrimp       A    jI         U          0         ii         9i        li

   Penaeus          j   IN                                         Im         i
  setiferus        L ON
                    E   9i          U   a                            
Grass shrimp       A   El          ii         ii        li         I

   Palaemonetes   j    jj           9                              LII        i
  pugio            L   El                   [lI          ILILI

Spiny lobster      A    LII        U          U         U 

   Panulirus        j    9
  argus            L    M


Blue crab          A    9I         9I        LII    A I            I          I

   Callinectes      j    Aj        LIN                   ili
  sapidus          L    0          1         07

Gulf stone crab    A    O          0          0         000
                    M  C 0                                               
   Menippe          j    Q                                 ElQ                0
  adina            L  El 0                              00 
                    0   El    01 0                                 0         0
Stone crab         A    C:      a         a             U          U 

   Menippe               1:
   mercenaria       L        C        D       U


                       Apalachi-    St.      Chocta- PnaoaPrioMbl
                         cola     Andrew  whatchee Penayolay Prio MBile
                         Bay       Bay        Bay       BaBy                 By

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Reliability                                Life Stage
0     Highly Certain                       A - Adults
                                            S - Spawning adults
I!    Moderately Certain                   i - Juveniles
0:    Reasonable Inference                 L - Larvae
                                            E - Eggs
                                            M - Mating

                                                60







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability
                                           Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                                   Ten      Caloosa-
                       Florida   ThuadhtheCharlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                         Bay   Thoslands      Rivcer    Harbor   Say          River       Bay
Species/Life StageIsadRie
Tarpon              Al               I!]       i          ii 9i                 U          E

  Megalops         j                                                                      171i   i  UE
  atlanticus       L     0           3913N01

Alabama shad        A     UUUUUI 

  Alosaj                 *                                                      lU
  alabamae         L      *                                                     iU


Gulf menhaden       A     U          li        ii         E          U          E
                    S  U            9i         U          W         U          03         U
  Brevoortia       j     *          9i                   El                    o3         i
  patronus          L     *                                                    Cl FR
                    E  U             i         U                               0          U
Yellowfin menhaden A      ElE                  UI                               0          11i
                   5   0           W          U          U         U          El         U
  Brevoortia       j     13         IN         IN        IN         0          El         H
  smithi           L                     0                       I NI 0              13IW

Bay anchovy         A     ii    E l            Hi         HI                    11 0
                   S     li         I         Hi                   9 HI    A   l 
  Anchoa               i            o                     HI        HI         0          H
  mitchilli        L      HI        HI                              1 11       0          H
                    E     HI        H]         HIU                   IEl
Sheepshead minnow  A      HI         H]                                         C1 A IH  l
                   S     HI        HI         HI         HI                   1 El
  Cyprinodon                                             HI 9                             HI0
  variegatus       L   no                                Fu ii      HIo9
                    E     HI                             19 HI  9IH             lH

                       Florida   Teosnd  Catchee  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                         Bay   Thoslands      Rivcer    Harbor      Bay       River       Bay

                                          Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Reliability                                 Life Stage
*     Highly Certain                        A - Adults
                                           S - Spawning adults
91    Moderately Certain                     J - Juveniles
El    Reasonable Inference                   L - Larvae
                                           E - Eggs


                                               6 1







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability
                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                        Apala-      St.     Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                        chicola   Andrew   hatchee
                        Spe chicola   Andrew   hatchee  Pensacola  Perdido   Mobile
 Species/Life Stage         ay        Bay        Bay
 Tarpon              A                 I        0          O           l         E l
                    S  I    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
   Megalops          J             IN 1         0O         0          3          1
   atlanticus        L     I         9          O                                I
                    E               ï¿½    ï¿½                         0 ï¿½          ï¿½
 Alabama shad        A                13        IE                     * 
                    S  El    ï¿½                 ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½
   Alosa             J i              i          i* ï¿½                            El
   alabamae          L     I 
                    E      l        El         *          E          ï¿½          ï¿½O
 Gulf menhaden       A     El         El          l          l         9 
                    S  ï¿½    ï¿½                   i    i    ï¿½                     ï¿½
   Brevoortia        j     o         E9         3           ]         3          []
   patronus          L      i         i         O          E
                    E     *         ï¿½          El         ï¿½          El         O
 Yellowfin menhaden A      *          *          *          *          *          U
                    S  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
   Brevoortia        j     * 
   smithi            L
                    E  *    ï¿½    ï¿½                        ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½
 Bay anchovy         A     0          I3         El         El         0          I3
                    S     *         13        li          El         O          i
   Anchoa            J     17           
   mitchilli         L        
                    E   i  IN  I                       N             O          O
 Sheepshead minnow A                  i0         3          3 
                    S     C         E1         0           3         3          i
   Cyprinodon        J        [                 0 OE
   variegatus        L     1 7                  0          9          I 
                    E   O           E          0   mm                3          El

                        Apala-      St.     Choctaw-
                        chicola Andrew hatchee Pensacola Perdido Mobile
                          Bay       Bay         Bay       Bay        Bay        Bay

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Reliability                                  Life Stage
 *     Highly Certain                         A - Adults
                                            S - Spawning adults
 13    Moderately Certain                     J - Juveniles
 [O    Reasonable Inference                   L - Larvae
                                            E - Eggs


                                                62








Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                        Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                                Ten      Caloosa-
                      Florida   Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                       Bay     oIslands     River     Harbor       Bay        River       Bay
Species/Life Stage
Gulf killifish      A                O          El         El   N I13   0                    0
                  S               0 O        E          E            l 1       0ii
    Fundulus        J                           El         1    El   9           O           E
    grandis         L     O          ï¿½                     9 I 
                  E   O           O          I El       O                      [O  O
Snook               A     13         0          0          *          Ei []                  [E
                  S        El     1          0          El          E                     U 0
    Centropomus         J  E         1          0    
    undecimalis    L    i            O   
                  L   E           O          O          OC I[                              O 
                  E []1 [  El []                                    [    []    [
Bluefish            A                I13  El    *]                    [          [ 10
                  S  *    *    *                        *           *          *          U
    Pomatomus    J        I!                    0          19                                1 i  C
    saltatrix       L    E           *                     0
                  E  [    [    ï¿½    [    ï¿½    []
Bluerunner          A     I                     0          13         0          1[3         I
                  S  ï¿½    ï¿½    O    ï¿½    ï¿½    O    ï¿½
    Caranx          J     l!                    O          EI         Cl         0      I
    crysos          L  *                        0 a                   1O          O          0
                  E  ï¿½             *         O          *ï¿½          ï¿½          O          O
Crevalle jack       A     EI         C          0          13         1  El 
                  S  *    *    O]    *    []    *    [
    Caranx                            O                       
    hippos          L    *           *
                  L IN ]    ]    [    ]    [ 
                  E   *           *]         [          *          IE          O  
Florida pompano   A       El         El         ï¿½ *        El         i3         E 
                  S  ï¿½            ï¿½          ï¿½           ï¿½          ï¿½          1          ï¿½
    Trachinotus     J    t           u                     I                      O j
    carolinus
                  L  ï¿½            ï¿½          ï¿½          ï¿½           ï¿½          El   []


                                Ten      Caloosa-
                     Florida   Thousand  hatchee  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                       Bay      Islands     River     Harbor       Bay        River       Bay

                                       Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Reliability                                   Life Stage
*     Highly Certain                          A - Adults
                                        S - Spawning adults
13    Moderately Certain                      J - Juveniles
El    Reasonable Inference                    L - Larvae
                                        E - Eggs


                                           63







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                          Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                          Apala-      St.    Choctaw- Pensacola  Perdido   Mobile
                          chicola   Andrew   hatcheeBaByBy
Species/Life Stage       Bay       Bay    S ay          BaBy                 By
Gulf killifish     A    0i                    lLIE                            I

   Fundulus         j    F1I El                                               LINI
   grandis          L    0                      l            o      7
                      E Q            LI                   IN         El        IM
Snook              A    LI         U          0         U            
                      S    El         0         U      a                
   Centropomus    j    13           0 
   undecimalis      L 


   Bluefish         A    E           I         I         I          I         I

   Pomatormus       J    El                   LI         LIN    FBII
   saltatrix        L 


 Bluerunner         A    ElOILII                                    I          I
                      S    El         U         U         U             
   Caranx           j    0jj                   I
   crysos           L    0                                            
                      E    El        U          U         U            
 Crevalle jack      A    El         9I         El13                 I 
                      S    El         0         U                       
   Caranx           J     El         I     N                                  LI
   hippos           L    E


 Florida pompano   A      LILI                  IL]ULI

   Trachinotus                      LI JI                           ii
   carolinusL                                  NNFB
                      E    LI         W         U         0                    9 I

                           A pala-     St.    Choctaw- PnaoaPrioMbl
                          chicola   Andrew   hatchee Penayolay Prdo MBile
                            Bay       Bay        Bay       BaBy                 By

                                           Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
 Reliability                                Life Stage
    U  Highly Certain                       A - Adults
                                                S - Spawning adults
 LI    Moderately Certain                   J - Juveniles
 El    Reasonable Inference                 L - Larvae
                                                 E - Eggs


                                                    64








Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                               Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                          Florida   Teosnd  hatchee  Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                           Ba    Thoslands      Rivcer    Harbor      Bay       River       Bay
Species/Life Stage a sad ie
Gray snapper        A     U                                !                    !I
                     Sm              U                               U          I
  Lutjanus          j     l1INii
  griseus           L     *
                     EU              U                               U          E
Pinfish             A U              ii                   i            
                     SU              U          U          U         U          U          U
  Lagodon           i                i          iI                              .i
  rhomboides        L    *i                                                     i


Sand seatrout       A     U                    19 El      El                   171 0

  Cynoscion         j~
  arenaniusL              *                                         EllU


Spotted seatrout    A     U                                          E          iE

  Cynoscion         j     *
  nebulosus         L 
                     E    El         EU                    iE                    lE
Spot                A     U         U                                110       17-1       E
                     S  U            U          U         UE                       
  Leiostomus        j iii                                            i[iE
  xanthurus         L     *          ilEll

                     E     U                                         E             
Atlantic croaker    A     U         U1 UU                                                  I

  Micropogonias   j       *         9lQE
  undulatus    n          *o
                     E  U                                               

                                      Ten      Caloosa-  CalteTmaSwne   plce
                         Florida   Thousand  hatchee  Calte TmaSwne   plce
                           Bay      Islands     River    Harbor       Bay       River       Bay

                                               Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Reliability                                 Life Stage
   *  Highly Certain                        A - Adults
                 Moderately Certain S - Spawning adults
            El    Moderately Certain        ~J - Juveniles
   0  Reasonable Inference                  L - Larvae
                                                E - Eggs


                                                    65







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                    Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                       Apala-      St.    Choctaw-
                      chicola   Andrew   hatchee Pensacola
                        Bay       Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay       Bay
Species/Life Stage
Gray snapper        A     O         O          [0        13         *          E
                   S  *    *    *    *                             *          U
  Lutjanus          J    c          [E                    ii [                 El
  griseus           L     E  
                   E  [E           *          *         *          *          ï¿½
Pinfish             A     Eii       El         E                    ii O
                   S  *      ï¿½    ï¿½ * 
  Lagodon           J     E]        13                                          i 
  rhomboides        L
                   E []  *]    i    *    *    ï¿½
Sand seatrout       A  Mmii                          no El                     I
                   S        *       3         El       [El         [3         El
  Cynoscion         J  
  arenarius
                   L               ii                                         oi
                   E               ii    M I            0 Ol                  El
Spotted seatrout    A     [O         i         i          ii        ElI        il
                   S     i                                          l         ii
  Cynoscion         J     i         i          o         ii         i 
  nebulosus         L    O
                   E          0    13                         El             El
Spot                A     ii    n    i         El         O         O           I
                   S  *            ï¿½          *         ï¿½           I         ï¿½
  Leiostomus        j                          l
  xanthurus
                   L     *         i          ii        i          i          I]
                   E   Ui ï¿½                             ï¿½- U                  ï¿½
Atlantic croaker    A     El        E          O          E         O           li
                   S  ï¿½            *          *         i          o          ï¿½
  Micropogonias   j       E3       E]          O          El 
  undulatus
                   E  *             ]         O *       *          *

                       Apala-      St.    Choctaw-
                       chicola   Andrew   hatchee Pensacola  Perdido   Mobile
                        Bay       Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay       Bay

                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Reliability                                 Life Stage
*     Highly Certain                        A - Adults
                                          S - Spawning adults
El    Moderately Certain                    J - Juveniles
Cl    Reasonable Inference                   L - Larvae
                                          E - Eggs


                                              66







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                            Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                        Florida  Tenhlousandhtce   Charlotte   Tampa  Suwannee Apalachee
                              Bay  Islands   hatcer      Harbor       Bay       River       Bay
Species/Life StageBaIsndRie
Red drum            A      jiI                   jIiH                              lI
                    S     roIi       i                     II                     l
  Sciaenops         j     HINiliH
  ocellatus         L     19         HI         HI N       H           I          l
                    El              HIUHIH                                       El        13
Striped mullet       A     Ii    no             HI         IiH                    C
                    S   HI                                 W U  U                   
  Mugil             i     HI         H                                           0iH  IH
  cephalus          L     HnoIHIH
                    E   HI          UUU                                            
Code goby            A     El         HI                    13 ElHIEl

  Gobiosoma         j  i  9                                           lii        no     
  robustum          L     HI         El                               130                    o

Spanish mackerel  A        HI     n o           HIElUEl

  Scombemomorus   i         IH                              lH                     lH
  maculatus         L      *


Gulf flounder       A      IiH                   I          IH                    El         E
                    S   U                                                           
  Parafichthys      j      i           FIj                 1I          i         E           H
  let ho stigma     L     9               me90                                               1
                    E  U            U          U           U                       
Southern flounder  A       El1        U                     El         E           IH
                    S  U             U                                0             
  Paralichthys      j     0                                           1
  albigutta         L      *E                                          lH


                                    Ten      Caloosa-
                        Florida'huad   ace   Charlotte   Tampa   Suwannee Apalachee
                          Bay      Islands     River     Harbor       Bay        River       Bay

                                            Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

 Reliability                                   Life Stage
 0     Highly Certain                          A - Adults
            9  Moderately Certain S - Spawning adults
            HI    Moderately Certain         ~J - Juveniles
 El    Reasonable Inference                    L - Larvae
                                              E - Eggs


                                                 67







Table 4 (continued). Data reliability

                                      Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

                        Apala-      St.     Choctaw-
                        chicola   Andrew   hatchee  Pensacola  Perdido    Mobile
                         Bay       Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay
 Species / Life Stage
 Red drum            A      I         i          [          i          i          i
                    S  [    *    O                        *          [          [
   Sciaenops         J    []                     O         E i        O 
   ocellatus         L                          0
                    E     3El                  O           l         E 
 Striped mullet      A     El         L          i          i          i         O
                    S  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
   Mugil             J                [         O          Eli       i[ 
   cephalus          L
                    E  ï¿½    ï¿½    U    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
 Code goby           A      I         1          i          i                    ï¿½O
                    S   i            i          ]                               ï¿½U
   Gobiosoma         J     [          E3       9]          0                     O
   robustum          L                             
                    E     El        El        El          13         0          U
 Spanish mackerel  A   EO             O                                ]          [O
                    S  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½                              ï¿½          ï¿½
   Scomberomorus   J  E               O          i          i
   maculatus         L     *
                    E  ï¿½    *    ï¿½    ï¿½    *    ï¿½
 Gulf flounder       A      O         El        IN3         E                    [O
                    S  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½                              ï¿½          ï¿½
   Paralichthys      J  E             [I                         FB I[
   lethostigma       L     0                                  
                    E  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½
 Southern flounder  A       O         El        EI          l          l          Ei
                    S  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½                                    ï¿½
   Paralichthys      J                           i         i 
   albigutta         L                           F an        n   i
                    E  ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½    ï¿½                                    ï¿½

                        Apala-      St.     Choctaw-
                        chicola   Andrew   hatchee  Pensacola  Perdido   Mobile
                         Bay       Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay        Bay

                                     Eastern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

  Reliability                                  Life Stage
  *     Highly Certain                         A - Adults
                                            S - Spawning adults
  El    Moderately Certain                     J - Juveniles
  0     Reasonable Inference                   L - Larvae
                                            E - Eggs


                                               68








            .0~~  -  -      -..  ~~~- --.    I          .-       1!                                  


Index to Table 5: Page location of presence/absence table for each species and estuary.





                                                                                             Estuary






 Common  and Scientific Name                                       C    '$                    '    c    q
 Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians)
 American oyster (Crassosbrea virginica)
 Common rangia (Rangia cuneata)
 H-ard clam (Mercenatia species)
 Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus)
 Pink shrimp (Penaeus ducrarum)
 White shrimp (Penaeus setiferus)                             p. 70                              P. 71
 Grass shrimp (Palaamonetas pugip)
 Spiny lobster (Panufirus argus)
 Gull stone crab (Menippe adina)
 Stone crab (Menippe mercenaria)
 Blue crab (Cailinectes sapidus)
 Tarpon (Megakips atlanticus)
 Alabama shad (Alosa alabamae)
 Gulf menhaden (Bra vooria patronus)
 Yellowfin menhaden (Bra voorfia smithh
 Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchill,)
 Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon vadegatus)
 Gull killifish (Fundulus grandis)                            p. 72                               p. 73
 Snook (Centropomus undecimnalis)
 Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatnix)
 Blue runner (Caranx crysos)
 Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos)
 Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus)
 Gray snapper (Lulianus gnseus)
 Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides
 Sand seatrout (Cynoscdon arenanus)
 Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)
 Spot (Leiostomus xanthurus)
 Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus)                   p. 74                               p. 75
 Red drum (Sc.'aenops ocellatus)
 Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus)
 Code goby (Gobiosoma robustum)
 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculat us)
 Gull flounder (Parafichthys albigutta)
 Southemn flounder (Paralichthys Iethostigma)









*Table 5 was revised in December 1990. This copy differs slightly from earlier printings.


                                                                 69







Table 5. Presencelabsence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 112/90).

                          Florida     Ton Thousanc Catdosa-    Charlotte      Tampa         Suwannee    Apalachee
                          Bay          Islands   hatces          Harbor        Bay          River    S    ay
Species                T M S  T M S T M*  T M  S T M S T M  S T M S
Bay scallop         A       444                       4             -4  4        '14'
 Argopecten         S          4           1          4                          44                         44
 irradians           L     4                4         44                            44


American oyster     A'1                           4444444
 Crassastrea                              44        44                           4               44
 vinginica          L                       4         4'4                        4               44


Common rangia,  A                                 '14           44.A4,  4                 44            44

 cuneata            L                             4   4        '14              4'1                    4 


Hard clam           A4444
 Mercenaria                                                             4             1                   
 species            L i                                                                                   


Brown shrnmp        A       4 4          '14.                           4
  Penaeus      
 aztecus            L       4               44

Pink shrimp         A4
  Penaeus      
  duorarum           L          44                                                4                  
                       E
White shrimp        A44.                                                                                    4 4
  Penaeus      
       setifLerus
                        E,
Grass shrimp        A44              4       4       44 44                                4       4       4
  Palkemonetes              '144                       44444                                                '4



Spiny lobster       A            44 
  Panulirus         M
  argusL
                        S
Gulf stone crab     A444
  Menippe            j                                                                            44
  adina              L                                                                            44


Stone crab          A        44           4444                                                 444
  Menippe            M       44           4444                                                 444
  mercenaria        'j       4              1                       414                           44
                        L   '4               4                            4          4               4         4
                        5    4               4                            4          4               4          4
Blue crab           A4           4       4       4444                                         444
  Caffinectes       M444                                                                      44
  sapidus            i'411111'                                         4           4 4 4 4
                        L    4               4                            4          4               4         4
                        5 S                                               4          4               4          4
                            T M S T M ST M   T TM S T M S T M S T M S
                           Florida     Ten Thousand Caloosa       Charlotte     Tampa        Suwannee    Apalachee
                           Bay          Islands   hatces          Harbor        Bay          River        Bay

 Legend:
T =Tidal fresh zone                               A = Adult                        4=Species/lifestage is present
 M =Mixing zone                                   S = Spawning adult             Blank =Species/lifestage is not present
S -Seawater zone                                 J  =Juvenile
     Salinity zone is not present                  L  =Larvae
                                                          E =Egg         70
                                                          M = Mating






Table 5, continued. Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90).

                          Apalachicola St. Andrew   Choctaw-    Pensacola    Perdido          Mobile
                          Bay          Bay           hatchee Bay  Bay           Bay      S     ay
 Species                 T M  S T M S T M  S T M. S T M  S T M S
 Bay scallop         A       4 4           4 44 4
  Argopecten                 4 4           '/.4
  irradiansL                 4 4           4 4


 American oyster     A        4 4          4 4           4 4          4 44 4
  Crassostrea        S                                                                              
  virginica          L          44                       4               44


 Common rangia   A  44                  .               4                          4          4
  Rangia                              4                 4       4                 4          4
  cuneataL.44                                       44           4.44
                       L       4                          444                                    4
 Hard clam,          A444 4                                                                       4 4
  Mercenania                                   4                                    4   4        4 .
  species            L i                                                            444


 Brown shrimp        A       4.            .4               4           44
  Penaeus            j 44                  . 4               44 444
  aztecus            L    44               44            4               .4    .4
                       E
 Pink shrimp         A                              44  4444444
  Penaeus      
  duoranurn          L                              4      44        44                44
                       E
 White shrimp        A    44               44           4        44 4                41444
  Penaeus
  setiferus          L       4 -           -     :4 -   4         ~                          4 4
                       E
 Grass shrimp        A  4 4 4 4 4 '                                                                  
  Palaemnonetes      S                    4     4     4     44        .                          4
  pugio              L          4          4            4                44


 Spiny lobster       A4
  Panufirus          M
                       J
  argus              L
                       S
 Gulfistone crab     A        444444444
  Menippe            M   444                            444                         444
  adina              L    44               4444                                     444

 Stone crab          A        4 4
  Menippe            M       4 4
  mercenaria         i 
                       L    4

 Blue crab           A4            4        4       4        4        4       4        4        4
  Callinectes        M4      4444                                               4       44
  sapidus            i     
                       L 44                  4444                                     44           4
                       5          444                                                            
                           T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S
                          Apalachicola  St. Andrew   Choctaw-      Pensacola    Perdido       Mobile
                          Bay          Bay           hatchee Bay   Bay           Bay     S     ay
Legend:
T =Tidal fresh zone                        A = Adult                     4=Species/lifestage is present
M =Mixing zone                             S = Spawning adult        Blank =Species/ifestage is not present
S =Seawater zone                           J = Juvenile
                                              L = Larvae
                                              E =Egg              71
                                               M = Mating






  Table 5, continued. Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90).

                           Florida     Ton      T housand Clsa    Charlotte    Tampa        Suwannee    Apalachee
                           Bay          Islands   hatcer          Harbor       Bay          River    S    ay
 Species                T M  S T M S T M*  T M  S T M  S T M S T M  S
 Tarpon              A4   44                   4..                4 4.44 4 44  4 4 .4
    Megalops.                                                            4
   atlanficus         J       4      4       4       44                  4       4       4       4       4

 Alabama shad       A4                                                                           4
   Alosa                                                                                  4
   alab~amae                                                                              44
                         L                                                                   4
                        E4
 Gulf mnhaden       A4 4                                                         4 4          444 .
    Brevortia         S
   patrnu                                                                          4    4             A 4    4
                        E
 Yellowfin menhaden  A44                                                         .44
   Brevoortia  
   smithi            J4 4                 4 4                      44..                                      4

                        E
 Bay anchovy    A4   ,4  44                          4         .4...44.444
   Anchoa            S   .44                4          44                        44                        4
   mitchilhik4 4                         4       4                       4       4       4       4       4

 Sheepshead minnow A44 4                         444                        4        4       4       4       4
   Cypiinodon    S    4                       4 4               444                      4 4               4
   vaniegatus        i4              4       4       44                 4       4        4       4       4

 Gulf killifish     A 44           4     .          44          .    4     .    4     4    4    4     .    .
   Fundulus          s4444  4  4                                44 44 4 44  
   grandis           J444.*4                                        4 4                . 4 4 4

                        E4  4444    4 4 44 44414.4.-4.4 4
 Snook               A   .444444                                4 4 4 4 4 4
    Centropomus      S                                                              
   undscimalis       i 4        4             4      44                 4      4

 Bluefish           A    4                  44                                                  4          4
   Pomatomus 
   saltafrix         J       4               44                                                              .
                        L
                        E
 Blue runner        A.4.4 .4444
   Caranx      
        crysosJ                   .4.                                 .                            4.
                        L
                        E
 Crevailejack        A      44444.                                               444                       .4
   Caranx      
   hippos            L
                        E
 Florida pompano     A44.4444 
   Trachinotus 
   carofinus                                  4                                     4                     
                        L
                        E
                           T M S T M S T M*  T M S T M S T M S T M S
                                                         Caloosa-
                          Florida     Ten Thousand        h      tesCharlotte  ITampa      Suwannee    Apalachee
                          Bay          Islands  Rivcer           Harbor    S ay            River        Bay
Legend:
T =Tidal fresh zone                              A = Adult                        4=Species/lifestage is present
M =Mixing zone                                   S = Spawning adult           Blank =Species/lifestage is not present
S  Seawater zone                                 J = Juvenile
  *=Salinity zone is not present                 L = Larvae
                                                        E =Egg      72






 Table 5, continued. Presencelabsence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12190).

                          Apalachicola  St. Andrew   Choctaw-    Pensacola    Perdido         Mobile
                          Bay          Bay           hatchee Bay  Bay           Bay           Bay
 Species                 T M  ST M  S T M  S T M S T M  S T M  S
 Tarpon              A4    4               44               4          4                  . 4
    Megalops          S
   atlanticus              4       4       4        4       44                                       4
                       L           444                                  4     
                       E
 Alabama shad        A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
   Alosa             s4
   alabamae          J4            4       444
                       L4
                       E4
 Gulf menhaden   A                                                    444:4.  4 . 4 4 4  -4 4
    Brevoorta         j4 4              4        4       44            4       4        4        4
   patronusL4                              4 4           4 4          4 4             .4 4

                                         E~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 Yellowfin menhaden  A
    Brevoortia        S
   smithi     
                       L
                       E
  Bay anchiovy        A4 4 4 4                               4 444 4 4
   Anchoa            5                                                4 4          *                 
    mitcheilliJ 4                   4        44                   4        4        44           4
                            L   4.4~  -4 4                 4               44                       4

 Sheepshead minnow A  4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4                                                      
    Cyprnodon         S4            4        4        4       4        44                   4        4
    variegatus        J4 4              4        4       44            4       4        4        4


 Gulf killifish      A    44          4       4      4       4       :                            4
    Fundulus          s4            4       4        44                   44 4
   grandis           j.-                      4     4 4 44            4 44   4. 4
                       LA4    4   4   4   -4  -4   4   4   -4  -4~   -444 4 4
                       E4  4444444    444
 Snook               A4          4
    Centropomus       S
    undecimalis 
                       L
                       E
  Bluefish            A    4                  .              4          4               4          4
    Pomatomnus        8
    saltatrix         J        444                        44            4444
                       L

  Blue runner         A444444
    Caranx      
                       L
                       E
  Crevalle jack       A       4 4           4 4           4 4          4 444
    Caranx      
    hippos            L
                       E
  Florida pompano     A44                                              4 44 4
    Trachinotus 
    Carolinus         J44 4                                                          4 4           4 4
                       L4
                       E4
                           T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S T M S
                          Apalachicola  St. Andrew   Choctaw-      Pensacola    Perdido       Mobile
                          Bay          Bay           hatchee Bay  Bay           Bay           Bay
Legend:
T =Tidal fresh zone                        A = Adult                     4=Species/lifestage is present
M =Mixing zone                             S = Spawning adult        Blank =Species/lifestage is not present
S =Seawater zone                           J = Juvenile
                                             L = Larvae
                                             E =Egg           73






Table 5, continued. Presence/absence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90).

                           Florida      Ten Thousand Caloosa        Charlotte    Tampa         Suwannee    Apalachee
                           Bay          Islands    hatces           Harbor       Bay           River    S     ay
Species                 T M S T M S T M  'TM  S T M S T M  S T M S
Gray snapper         A                                                    44                          4       4
  Lu~janus                             44                             4                       4       4       4
  gniseus            L         i.                                 4 4~4             4 -    4 -   
                        E
Pinfish             A44                       '4                   ''                   4 4                      4
  Lagodon      
  rhomboides         J4 1 4 4 1                                   4 44                            444
                        E
Sand seatrout        A                    4~ 4<V   4                                   4     44q              
  Cynoscion          J                                                 44           -41-4        -J 4 -4    -4
  arenaniusL4                                            4444                                .       44

Spotted seatrout     A        444                       4444                                      4 44
  Cynoscl on         s                                   14
  nebulosus          L          4           4 4                           4         4                44

Spot                 A                              4                    4           4       4       4        4
  Lelostomus
  xanthurus          L4-                                                               4                 
                        E
Atlantic croaker    A.4 4 4                                                                                    4 4
  Micropogonias                   4                    44                44                   4       4       4
  undulatus          L J
                        E
Red drumn           A 44                   4 44 4 4                                               4 4 4
  Sciaenops                                                                4              .              
  ocellatzjs   J                              4          4               44 .44                                 4
                        E                                                4    4.444 
Striped mullet       A                            44 4 44                  4        4       4        4        4
  Mugils
  cephalus      J                                                        444
                        E
Code goby            A44 4 4 4                                     4 4 4 4 4                                   4
  Gobiosoma          S    44               4             44                             4         4 4.          4
  robustum           J         44  j4 44                           4          44.-4 444
                                                  L ~ ~       ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4
                        E44                   4            4             44            4            444
Spanish mackerel    A         4               4         44                                           44
  Scomberomorus 
 maculatus         LJ        44          4444                                       4444
                        E
Gulf flounder        A       4                444                                      44                         4
  Parafichthys               44            4                             4             4          4               4
 albigulta     J                                                                                                  
                        E
Southern flounder    A            44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
 Paralich hy
 Iefthslgma         L44444
                        E
                            T M S T M S T M   T M S T M S T M S T M S
                           Florida      Ten Thousand ao o          a Charlotte   Tampa         Suwannee    Apalachee
                           Bay          Islands       hatchee       Harbor       Bay           River         Bay
                                                           River
Legend:
T = Tidal fresh zone                               A = Adult                           '1=Species/litfestage is present
M - Mixing zone                                    S = Spawning adult             Blank =Species/lifestage is not present
S = Seawater zone                                  J = Juvenile
 *= Salinity zone is not present                   L = Larvae
                                                           E =Egg 7





                       Table 5, continued. Presencelabsence of 36 species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (revised 12/90).

                                                   Apalachicola  St. Andrew   Choctaw-       Pensacola    Perdido        Mobile
                                                   Bay           Bay           hatchee Say  Say       D     ay           Bay
                        Species                  T MS  T M  ST MS T M S T M  S T M S
                        Gray snapper         A    4 4                4       44           44      444                           4
                          Lu~ianus            J         4 4 444444                                   4 4444-V                  4
                          griseus             L
                                                E
                        Pinfish              A                  4 44                         4        4         4         4
                          Lagodon      
                          dhomboides          L J                                                                    
                                                E
                        Sand seatrout        A       4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4                                                      

                          arenanus           'J        4        4        4        44            4        4        4        4
                                                L                     41   4        4   4         4~  4i        4   4       4      -4
                        Spotted seatrout     A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
                          Cynoscion          S                                                 ~     '               
                          nebulosus           L           44                          44                            4       4

                        Spot                 A         44 4 4 4 4 44 4
                          Leiostornus  
                          xanthurus           L  -4-  .        -   -4     4       4    1 4 --4       4        4 4  4         4   4
                                                E
                        Atlantic croaker     A        444444444
                          Micropagonias          4                                                                             
                          undulatus          L          4          4                4           4                4          4
                                                E
                        Red drum             A44                         4 4                       44 4
                          Sciaenops            J4 4 4 4 44 4                                                       4 4
                          ocellatus           L          4J4                      4 44                               

                        Striped mullet       A4            4        4        4        4        4        4        4        4
                          Mugils
                          cephalus            j             ~       ~         4        4        4        4        4        4
                                                L           4         4                4          4                4           4
                                                E
                        Code goby            A44                4       4        4        4        44
                          Gobiosoma            J4           4       4        44           4        4           4
                          robusturm           L       4   4       4      4      4 -    4        4   4          4   -4
                                                E  44                     4   44  44                               4
                        Spanish mackerel    A         444444444
                          Scomberomorus 
                               macuatus       J   44                4                4          4                       4  44
                               maculatus      L
                                                E
                        Gulf flounder        A        444                            44                           4         44
                          Paralichthys                444                             44                          44
                          albigutla           L i                                                                  4           4
                                                E
                        Southern flounder    A4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
*                     ~~~~~~~~Paralichthys           44           4        44            4        44           4        4
                         lethostigma         L          4           4               4           4                44
                                                E
                                                    T1  M   S   T   M   S   T   M   S   T   M   S   T   M   S   T   M   S
                                                   Apalachicola  St. Andrew    Choctaw-      Pensacola    Perdido        Mobile
                                                   Bay           Bay           hatchee Bay  Bay       S     ay           Bay
                        Legend:
                       T  Tridal fresh zone                        A = Adult                      4Specles/lifestage is present
                       M = Mixing zone                             S = Spawning adult         Blank =Species/lifestage is not present
                       S = Seawater zone                           J = Juvenile
                                                                         L = Larvae
                                                                         E =Egg 7







                                  Appendices


Appendix 1. Gulf of Mexico ELMR species list
Appendix 2. Gulf of Mexico ELMVR estuary list
Appendix 3. National Estuarine Inventory map of Mobile Bay
Appendix 4. Species profile and sample data sheet: blue crab
Appendix S. Table of references and personal communications
Appendix 6. Personal communications
Appendix 7. References



































                                         76









Scientific Name               Common Name

Argopecten irradians          bay scallop
Crassostrea virginica         American oyster
Rangia cuneata                common rangia
Mercenaria species            hard clam
Lolliguncula brevis           bay squid *
Penaeus aztecus               brown shrimp
Penaeus duorarum              pink shrimp
Penaeus setiferus             white shrimp
Palaemonetes pugio            grass shrimp
Panulirus argus               spiny lobster t
Callinectes sapidus           blue crab
Menippe adina                 gulf stone crab
Menippe mercenaria            stone crab t
Carcharhinus leucas           bull shark *
Megalops atlanticus           tarpon
Alosa alabamae                Alabama shad
Brevoortia patronus           gulf menhaden
Brevoortia smithi             yellowfin menhaden t
Dorosoma cepedianum           gizzard shad *
Anchoa mitchilli              bay anchovy
Arius felis                   hardhead catfish *
Cyprinodon variegatus         sheepshead minnow
Fundulus grandis              gulf killifish
Menidia species               Atlantic silversides *
Centropomus undecimalis       snook
Pomatomus saltatrix           bluefish
Caranx crysos                 blue runner t
Caranx hippos                 crevalle jack
Trachinotus carolinus         Florida pompano
Lutjanus griseus              gray snapper
Archosargus probatocephalus  sheepshead *
Lagodon rhomboides            pinfish
Bairdiella chrysoura          silver perch *
Cynoscion arenarius           sand seatrout
Cynoscion nebulosus           speckled seatrout
Leiostomus xanthurus          spot
Micropogonias undulatus       Atlantic croaker
Pogonias cromis               black drum *
Sciaenops ocellatus           red drum
Mugil cephalus                striped mullet
Gobiosoma robustum            code goby
Scomberomorus maculatus    Spanish mackerel
Paralichthys albigutta        gulf flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma      southern flounder

* These eight species are included in the Western Gulf of Mexico data base and Texas ELMR report, but are not
included in this report. Data for these species in Eastern Gulf of Mexico estuaries are now being compiled.

t These four species are included in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico data base and this report, but are not included
in the ELMR Texas report. Data for these species in Western Gulf of Mexico estuaries are now being compiled.


                                                  77







Ff O-rO KWN 4    n           I; KM I

Estuary                              State

Eastern Gulf of Mexico (13 estuaries):

Florida Bay                          Florida
Ten Thousand Islands                  Florida
Charlotte Harbor                      Florida
Caloosahatchee River                  Florida
Tampa Bay                             Florida
Suwannee River                        Florida
Apalachee Bay                         Florida
Apalachicola Bay                      Florida
St. Andrew Bay                       Florida
Choctawhatchee Bay                   Florida
Pensacola Bay                        Florida
Perdido Bay                          Florida/Alabama
Mobile Bay                           Alabama



Central Gulf of Mexico (9 estuaries):

Mississippi Sound                    Alabama/Mississippi
Breton/Chandeleur Sounds             Louisiana
Lake Borgne                          Louisiana
Lake Pontchartrain                   Louisiana
Mississippi River                    Louisiana
Barataria Bay                        Louisiana
Terrebonne/Timbalier Bays            Louisiana
Atchafalaya and Vermilion Bays       Louisiana
Calcasieu Lake                       Louisiana



Western Gulf of Mexico (9 estuaries):

Sabine Lake                          Louisiana/Texas
Galveston Bay                        Texas
Brazos River                         Texas
Matagorda Bay                        Texas
San Antonio Bay                      Texas
Aransas Bay                          Texas
Corpus Christi Bay                   Texas
Laguna Madre                         Texas
Baffin Bay                           Texas











                                                  78




















National Estuarine Atlas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mobile Bay
               PHYSICAL AND HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS -                                                                                                                                                                                  AL
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        Hamoos. 1973 Liora. 1960  iOln and Biorjhaoo. 197? Roilons. eai a. 1963 Sclrioolder.  00000i000m  O00000.090g002.o~r * n0210t0000no000O00.u
        1977 Sciohead.. 1979 Stiooed., and Lysngeor. 19re US  Dlepaflrooo al c0m-                           0        0 "a n  .00 0,000                   0                 8                 l                 24  MILES
        meiCo. 1983a                                                        Cr-.000 io.0..o. 0_0                                                                                                                                                            00

                                                                                                                                                          0             to 20                 30            40 KILOMETERS    Wff                                                    3.11










  Blue crab
  Callinectes sapidus   It                                           * I
  Adult                       ....-
  (from Perry et al. 1984)










   o                   5 cm



           Common Name: blue crab                         the other 25% are probably sold live for boiling or
      Scientific Name: Callinectes sapidus               steaming (Perry et al. 1984). The blue crab fishery
                                                          also supports a small soft shell crab industry which
Other Common  Names: common edible crabs,                 meets local demand for fresh soft shell crabs.
edible blue crabs, jimmies, she crabs, sooks, sallies,
spongers, sponge crabs, soft shells, soft shelled         Recreional:  Blue crabs support a large recrea-
crabs, hard crabs.                                        tional fishery.  They are taken in estuaries and
                                                          nearshore Gulf waters by dip nets, baited lift nets,
Classification                                            baited strings, '"old-up"traps, crab pots, and recrea-
        Phylum: Arthropoda                                tional shrimp trawls. Estimates for recreational land-
        Class:  Crustacea                                 ings vary widely, ranging from 4% of the commercial
        Order:  Decapoda                                  landings in Mississippi in 1971 (Herring and Christ-
        Family: Portunidae                                mas 1974) to 400% of the commercial landings in
Value                                                     Louisiana in 1968 (Lindall and Hall 1970). No reliable
Commercial: The commercial value of the blue crab         estimates are available for Alabama or the west
fishery in the eastern Gulf of Mexico is difficult to     coast of Florida. Smaller crabs are considered to be
estimate (Perry et al. 1984). Many blue crab fisher-      excellent bait for sport fishes, especially for red drum
men use unsurveyed market channels, leading to            (Sciaenops ocellatus).
under-reporting of landings. Nearly 78 million pounds
of blue crab, valued at $30.7 million, were reported      Indicator of Environmental Stress: Blue crabs are
from the Gulf Region in 1988 (U.S. NMFS 1989).            sensitive to low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions
Reported landings for Florida's west coast fishery        common to estuaries during the summer (Carpenter
from 1960-1980 contributed an average of 41% of           and Cargo 1957). Mass mortalities have been re-
the Gulf landings, while Alabama landings have            ported to be associated with low DO estuarine water
fluctuated around an average of 5% of the Gulf            masses (May1973). Survival times of 2 hours (h) at
landings for the same time period (Perry and Mcll-        0 parts per million (ppm) DO, 32ï¿½ C and 13 parts per
wain 1986).  Based on landings from 1951-1976,            thousand (ppt) salinity and 4.3 h at 0 ppm DO, 250 C
crab pots accounted for 99% of the Florida and            and 13 ppt salinity have been reported by Lowery
Alabama harvest, while trawls accounted for the           and Tate (1986). The occurrence of dead crabs in
remaining 1% (Perry et al. 1984). Alabama has a 4-        traps is fairly common duringwarm water conditions.
inch minimum carapace width harvest restriction           Fishermen usually remedy the problem by moving
while Florida has a 5-inch restriction (Perry et al.      their traps into shallower water to avoid any low DO
1984). Landings are believed to be totally consumed       water layers.  Mortalities of blue crabs have also
by the domestic market.  The main commercial              been related to extreme cold and sudden drops in
outlets for blue crabs are seafood restaurants and        water temperature (Couch and Martin 1982, Van
retail seafood markets. Approximately 75% of the          Engel 1982). Bluecrabsare also extremely sensitive
hard crab landings are sold as processed product,         tochemicalpollution. Kepone released intothe James

                                                    80






                                                                      Blue crab species profile, continued.
River, Virginia from 1950-1975 negatively affected      occurs in high salinity waters around 23 to 30 ppt
the fishery by lowering landings and juvenile crab      near river mouths, inlets, and nearshore coastal
abundance (Van Engel 1982). Kepone concentra-           waters (Millikin and Williams 1984). In laboratory
tions of 0.50 and 0.75 parts per billion (ppb) were     experiments, successful hatching did not occur be-
sublethal to blue crab zoeae, whereas 1.0 ppb low-      low 20 ppt (Costlow and Bookout 1959). Zoeal
ered the juvenile crab survival rate to 5%, compared    stages are present at 20 ppt or greater, while mega-
with 22% in the control group (Bookout et al. 1980).     lop larvae are found in less saline waters (commonly
The 96 h LC50 of kepone to juvenile blue crabs was      2 - 21 ppt) (Costlow and Bookout 1959). The optimal
greater than 210 ppb (Schimmel and Wilson 1977).        salinity and temperature combination for zoeal and
Mirex has been reported to be toxic to blue crab        megalopal development was 30 ppt and 25ï¿½ C
zoeae at concentrations of 1 and 10 ppb, whereas         (Bookout et al. 1976, Costlow 1967). Juveniles are
0.01 and 0.1 ppb were sublethal (Lowe et al. 1971,      euryhaline. Adult males are usually found at < 10 ppt
Bookout and Costlow 1975). Juvenile blue crabs (27      and are more tolerant of temperature extremes than
mm carapace width) died following several days of       are adult females. Adult females generally inhabit
exposure to DDT concentrations greater than 0.5         the more saline lower reaches of estuaries, except
ppb (Lowe 1965). Mass mortalities of blue crabs         when they migrate to the middle and upper reaches
occurred in South Carolina, North Carolina, and         to mate. Blue crabs may burrow and become inac-
Georgia in 1966; pesticides were speculated to have     tive at 5ï¿½ C.  They are also less tolerant of low
been responsible (Newman and Ward 1973).                salinities at high temperatures, and of high salinities
                                                         at lowtemperatures (Millikin and Williams 1984, Van
Range                                                   den Avyle and Fowler 1984, Williams 1984).
Overall: Blue crabs range from Nova Scotia to North-
ern Argentina, and the coastal waters of Europe,        Migrations and Movements
including the Mediterranean (Williams 1974). They       Migrations within estuarine systems are related to
are present throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico        phases of the life cycle, season, and to some extent
(NOAA 1985).                                            habitat preference.  Larvae hatch and develop in
                                                         higher salinity waters as they drift with currents.
Within Study Area: Blue crabs inhabit estuaries and      During this planktonic stage movements can be
nearshore waters of the Alabama and Florida Gulf        extensive in the open Gulf. Megalopae are recruited
coast (NOAA 1985).                                      back into the estuaries.  Juvenile stages of both
                                                         sexes migrate upstream into lower salinity waters
Life Mode                                               where they feed in shallow waters (Van Engel 1958).
Blue crabs spend most of their lives in estuaries and   Immature females approaching their terminal molt
nearshore Gulf waters. Eggs are carried by females      migrate to low salinity waters to seek out mature
(sponge crabs) until hatching. Zoeae are planktonic     males for mating (Millikin and Williams 1984). These
and megalop larvae are free swimming. Juveniles         migrations are especially heavy during the spring.
and adults are demersal (Dudley and Judy 1971,          Soon after mating, adult females initiate migrations
Steele 1982, Millikin and Williams 1984, Perry et al.   back to higher salinity waters (Millikin and Williams
1984, Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984, Williams           1984). Similarly, during cold water months, females
1984).                                                  migrate into higher salinity areas associated with
                                                         deeper portions of estuaries, mouths of estuaries,
Habitat                                                 and nearshore Gulf waters. Following mating, adult
Iype: Zoeae are neritic to oceanic in polyhaline to     females also migrate along the Gulf coast of Florida
euhaline waters.  Megalopae are oceanic and/or          and Alabama in a northerly direction, whereas adult
neritic to estuarine in euhaline to mesohaline waters.  males usually remain in the estuaries and do not
Juveniles inhabit oligohaline to euhaline subtidal       migrate appreciably between estuaries (Oesterling
estuarine habitats. Adult males are estuarine and        1976).
riverine inhabitants of subtidal freshwater to polyhal-
ine habitats. Adult females are subtidal inhabitants    Reproduction
of euhaline to mesohaline estuarine waters (Steele       Mode:  Blue crabs are dioecious and reproduce
1982, Millikin and Williams 1984, Van den Avyle and     sexually (Williams 1965).
Fowler 1984, Williams 1984).
                                                         Matina and SDawnina: Mating occurs from spring
Physical/Chemical Characteristics: Tolerant of ex-      through fall in low salinity waters. Females usually
tremes, blue crabs have been reported from fresh-        mate once while in the soft shell stage during their
water to hypersaline lagoons (0 - 50 ppt) and from 3     pubertal orterminal molt. The females are extremely
- 35ï¿½ C (Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984). Hatching       vulnerableto cannibalism and predation during these
                                                    81






                                                                     Blue crab species profile, continued.
molts. As a result, the recognition of amorous males    larvae assuming a more crab-like appearance with
is fairly important. Females approachingtheirpuber-     each molt (Hopkins 1943, Sandoz and Rogers 1944,
tal or terminal molts initiate mating behavior upon      Williams 1965, Millikin and Williams 1984, Van den
recognition of a mature male via olfactory and visual   Avyle and Fowler 1984).
stimuli (Teytaud 1971). Males recognize the females
via a pheromone that triggers male mating behavior       Juvenile: "First crabs" are about 2.5 mm at transfor-
(Gleeson 1980). Copulation occurs while the female      mation and grow toward maturity through a series of
molts. During the female's molt, the male protects      18 - 20 molts. Age at maturity is related to tempera-
her by grasping her with his first pair of walking legs  ture, with crabs from warmer environments develop-
and "cradle-carries" her in an upright position under-  ing sooner (Millikin and Williams 1984, Perry et al.
neath him. Males transmit their spermatophores by        1984, Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984). Juvenile
tube-like pleopods into the female's seminal recep-      blue crabs may reach maturity within one year along
tacle (Cronin 1947). The sperm are stored in the  .    the Gulf coast (Perry 1975). Salinities from 6 to 30
seminal receptacle until fertilization; inseminated     ppt do not differentially affect growth of juveniles
females can retain viable sperm for at least one year.  (Millikin and Williams 1984). Generally, as tempera-
Fertilization is accomplished by passing the eggs       ture decreases feeding decreases, especially from
from the ovaries to the seminal receptacles before       34ï¿½ C to 130 C (Leffler 1972).  Tagatz (1968a)
being extruded onto the females' pleopods. Egg          observed that growth per molt remained similar
extrusion onto the pleopods may be completed within      regardless of temperature (summer vs. winter) in the
2 h (Van Engel 1958). Spawning typically occurs         St. Johns River, FL, but that intermolt intervals were
within two months after spring and summer matings,      three to fourtimes longer in the winter. Juvenile blue
but may be postponed until the following spring after   crabs range in size from 2 mmto 240 mm in carapace
fall matings (Millikin and Williams 1984, Perry et al.  width, with considerable overlap with adults in the
1984, Van den Avyle and Fowler 1984).                   100 mm to 240 mm range (Newcombe et al. 1949,
                                                         Tagatz 1968b).
Renroductive Caoacitv: Fecundity in blue crabs
ranges from 1.75 to 2.00 million eggs per spawning      Adults: Juveniles reach maturity at 1 - 1.5 years.
(Millikin and Williams 1984). No data is available       Females have been reported to vary in size at
concerning fecundity as a function of size or the        maturity from 51 mm to > 177 mm. Adult females
relative fecundity of successive spawnings (Millikin     mate following their terminal molt, and growth is
and Williams 1984, Perry et al. 1984, Van den Avyle     discontinued.  Males, however, grow throughout
and Fowler 1984).                                       their lives, which may be more than three years
                                                         (Fischler and Walburg 1962, Tagatz 1968b, Millikin
Growth and Development                                  and Williams 1984, Perry et al. 1984, Van den Avyle
EQgs: Freshly extruded eggs in the early stages of       and Fowler 1984). Tagatz (1968a), sampling blue
development are 0.273 x 0.263 mm, and enlarge to         crabs from St. Johns River, FL, reported mean
0.320 x 0.278 mm before hatching (Davis 1965).          carapace widths and ranges: adult males averaged
Approximate ages (after extrusion) of blue crab egg      147 mm, ranging from 117 mm to 181 mm; adult
masses (sponges) can be estimated according to          females averaged 148 mm, ranging from 128 to 182
coloration. Yellow to orange egg masses are from 1       mm.
to 7 days old, while brown to black egg masses are
from 8 to 15 days old (Bland and Amerson 1974).          Food and Feeding
Hatching occurs in about two weeks at temperatures       In general, blue crabs are opportunistic omnivores
of 26 - 29ï¿½ C (Perry et al. 1984, Van den Avyle and      and scavengers, feeding on a variety of plants and
Fowler 1984).                                           animals including other blue crabs. Food is located
                                                         by a combination of chemoreception and taction
Larvae: Blue crab larvae usually develop through         (Van Engel 1958, Millikin and Williams 1984, Van
seven zoeal stages before metamorphosing into the        den Avyle and Fowler 1984). Larval blue crab are
megalop larval stage (Costlow and Bookout 1959).         believed to feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton
Larval blue crabs are about 0.25 mm at hatching, and     (Costlow and Sastry 1966). Zoeae are generally
develop by successive molts through 4 - 7 zoeal          phytoplanktivorousbutalsoconsumecopepodnauplii
stages over 30- 50 days. Laboratory studies indicate     and dinoflagellates. Megalopae are more omnivo-
that 31 to 43 days are required to complete the zoeal    rous, preying upon fish larvae, small shellfish, and
larval stages at 25ï¿½ C and 26 ppt salinity (Costlow      aquatic plants. Juvenile and adult blue crabs feed
and Bookout 1959). The final zoeal stage is about 1      mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and fish. Juvenile
mm in width. The megalop stage of larval develop-        and adult blue crabs have been characterized as
ment follows and lasts from 6 - 20 days with the         opportunistic benthic omnivores whose food habits
                                                    82






                                                                       Blue crab species profile, continued.
are governed by availability of food items (Darnell      sapidus and Rhithropanopeus harris#i Gould. Acta
1961). Laughlin (1982) evaluated stomach contents        Embryol. Morphol. Exp. 9: 44-55.
of blue crabs from Apalachicola Bay, FL and ob-
served the following: small juveniles (less than 31      Couch, J. A., and S. Martin. 1982. Protozoan symbi-
mm carapace width) fed mainly on bivalves, plant         onts and related diseases of the blue crab, Callinectes
matter, ostracods, and detritus; intermediate juve-      sapidus Rathbun fromthe Atlantic and Gulf coasts of
niles (31-60 mm) fed mostly on fishes, gastropods,       the United States. InH. M. Perryand W. A. Van Engel
and xanthidcrabs; large juveniles and adults (greater    (editors), Proceedings Blue Crab Colloquium, Octo-
than 60 mm) fed on bivalves, fishes, xanthid crabs,      ber 16-19, 1979, Biloxi, Mississippi. Gulf States Mar.
and smaller blue crabs. The following is a list of       Fish. Comm. pp. 71-80.
molluscs known to be food items for blue crab:
American oyster (Crassostrea virginica); hard clams      Cronin, L. E.. 1947. Anatomy and histology of the
(Mercenaria mercenaria); coot clam (Mulina later-        male reproductive system of Callinectes sapidus
alis); mussels (Congeria leucophaeta, Mytilopsis         Rathbun. J. Morphol. 81: 209-239.
leucopheata, Brachidontes exustus); common rangia
(Rangia cuneata); marsh periwinkle (Littorina irro-      Darnell, R. M. 1961. Trophic spectrum of an estuar-
rata); Atlantic ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa)        ine community, based on studies of Lake Pontchar-
(Millikin and Williams 1984).                            train. Ecology 42: 553-568.

Persons Consulted                                        Davis, C. C. 1965. A study of the hatching process in
Steele, Philip. Florida Department of Natural Re-        aquatic invertebrates: XX. The blue crab, Callinectes
sources, St. Petersburg, FL.                             sapidus, Rathbun, XXI. The nemertean, Carcinone-
                                                         mertes carcinophila (Kolliker). Chesapeake Sci. 6:
References                                               201-208.
Bland, C. E., and H. V. Amerson. 1974. Occurrence
and distribution in North Carolina waters of             Dudley, D. L., and M. H. Judy. 1971. Occurrence of
Lagegenidium callinectes Couch, a fungal parasite        larval, juvenile, and mature crabs in the vicinity of
of blue crab ova. Chesapeake Sci. 15: 232-235.           Beaufort, NC.  NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS-SSRF-7-
                                                         637.
Bookout, C. G., and J. D. Costlow. 1975. Effects of
mirex on the larval development of blue crab. Water,     Fischler, K. J., and C. H. Walburg. 1962. Blue crab
Air, Soil Pollut. 4: 113-126.                            movement in coastal South Carolina, 1958-59. Trans.
                                                         Am. Fish. Soc. 91: 275-278.
Bookout, C. G., J. D. Costlow, and R. Monroe. 1976.
Effects of methoxychloron larval mud-crab and blue-      Gleeson, R. A. 1980. Pheromone communication in
crab. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 5: 349-365.               the reproductive behaviorof the blue crab, Callinectes
                                                         sapidus. Mar. Behav. Physiol. 7: 119-134.
Bookout, C. G., J. D. Costlow, and R. Monroe. 1980.
Kepone effects on larval development of mud-crab         Herring, R., and J. Y. Christmas. 1974. Blue crabs for
and blue-crab. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 13: 57-77.       fun and food. Mississippi Game and Fish, March-
                                                         April, 1974. pp. 12-14.
Carpenter, J. H., and D. G. Cargo. 1957. Oxygen
requirement and mortality of the blue crab, Callinectes  Hopkins, S. H. 1943. The external morphology of the
sapidus. Ches. Bay Inst. Tech. Rep. 13. 22 pp.           first and second zoeal stages of the blue crab,
                                                          Callinectes sapidus. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 62:
Costlow, J. D. 1967. The effects of salinity and         85-90.
temperature on survival and metamorphosis of
megalops of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.          Laughlin, R. A. 1982. Feeding habits of the blue crab,
Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters 15: 84-97.                    Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the Apalachicola
                                                         estuary, Fla. Bull. Mar. Sci. 32: 807-822.
Costlow, J. D., and C. G. Bookout. 1959. The larval
development of Callinectessapidus Rathbun reared         Leffler, C. W. 1972. Some effects of temperature on
in the laboratory. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) 116: 373-    the growth and metabolic rate of juvenile Callinectes
396.                                                     sapidus, in the laboratory. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 14:104-
                                                         110.
Costlow, J. D., and A. N. Sastry. 1966. Free amino
acids in developing stages of two crabs, Callinectes

                                                    83






                                                                        Blue crab species profile, continued.
Lindall,  W. N., and J. R. Hall. 1970. Fishery re-         Perry, H. M., and T. D. Mcllwain. 1986. Species
sources: Report of the commercial fishery work unit        profiles: life histories and environmental require-
(blue crab section). NMFS Biological Laboratory, St.       ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of
Petersburg, Florida. pp. 163-188.                          Mexico)-blue crab. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep.
                                                          82 (11.55). 21 pp.
Lowe, J. I. 1965. Chronic exposure of blue crabs,
Callinectes sapidus, to sublethal concentrations of        Sandoz, M., and R. Rogers.  1944. The effect of
DDT. Ecology 46: 889-900.                                  environmental factors on hatching, molting, and
                                                          survival of zoeae larvae of the blue crab Callinectes
Lowe, J. I., P. R. Parrish, A. J. Wilson, P. D. Wilson,    sapidus. Ecology 25: 216-228.
and T. W. Duke. 1971. Effects of mirex on selected
estuarine organisms. Trans. 36th North American            Schimmel, S. C., and A. J. Wilson. 1977. Acute
Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference,  pp.            toxicityof Kepone tofourestuarine animals. Chesap-
171-186.                                                   eake Sci. 18: 224-227.

Lowery, T. A., and L. G. Tate. 1986. Effects of            Steele, P. 1982. A synopsisof the biologyof the blue
hypoxia on hemolymph lactate and behavior of the           crab Callinectes sapidus in Florida. In H. M. Perry
blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in the labo-        and W. A. Van Engel (editors), Proceedings  Blue
ratory and field. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 85A: 689-        Crab Colloquium, October 16-19, 1979, Biloxi, Mis-
692.                                                       sissippi. Gulf States Mar. Fish. Comm. pp. 29 -35.

May, E. B. 1973.  Extensive oxygen depletion in            Tagatz, M. E. 1968a. Growth of juvenile blue crabs,
Mobile Bay, Alabama. Limnol. Oceanogr. 18: 353-            Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the St. Johns River,
366.                                                       Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 67: 281-288.

Millikin, M. R., and A. B. Williams. 1984. Synopsis        Tagatz, M. E. 1968b. Biology of the blue crab,
of biological data on the blue crab, Callinectes sa-       Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the St. Johns River,
pidus. FAO Fish. Synop. 138.                               Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 67: 17-33.

Newcombe, C. L., F. Campbell, and A. M. Eckst-             Teytaud, A. R. 1971. The laboratory studies of sex
ine.1949. A study of form and growthof the blue crab,      recognition in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Growth 13: 71-96.             Rathbun. Univ. Miami, Sea Grant Tech. Bull. 15, 63
                                                          PP-
Newman, M., and G. W. Ward. 1973. An epizootic of
blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, caused by Para-           U.S. NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service).
moeba pernicosa. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 22: 329-334.        1989. Fisheries of the United States, 1988. U. S.
                                                          Nat. Mar. Fish. Ser. Cur. Fish. Stat. 8800.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-
stration). 1985. Gulf of Mexico Coastal and Ocean          Van Engel, W. A. 1958.  The blue crab fishery in
Zones Strategic Assessment:  Data Atlas.  U.S.             Chesapeake Bay. Comm. Fish. Rev. 20:1-298.
National Ocean Service, Strategic Assessment
Branch, Rockville, MD.                                     Van Engel, W. A. 1982. Blue crab mortalities associ-
                                                          ated with pesticides, herbicides, temperature, salin-
Oesterling, M. J. 1976. Reproduction, growth, and          ity, and dissolved oxygen. In H. M. Perry and W. A.
migration of blue crabs along Florida's Gulf coast.        Van Engel (editors), Proceedings Blue Crab Collo-
Fla. Sea Grant Publ. SUSF-SG-76-003. 19 pp.                quium, October 16-19, 1979, Biloxi, Mississippi. Gulf
                                                          States Mar. Fish. Comm. pp. 89-92.
Perry, H. M. 1975. The blue crab fishery. Mississippi.
Gulf Res. Rep. 5: 39-57.                                   Van den Avyle, M. J., and D. L. Fowler.  1984.
                                                          Species profiles: life histories and environmental
Perry, H. M., G. Adkins, R. Condrey, P. C. Hammer-         requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates
schmidt, S. Heath, J.R. Herring, C. Moss, G. Perkins,      (South Atlantic)-blue crab. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv.
and P. Steele. 1984. A profile of the Blue crab fishery    FWS/OBS-82/11.19. 16 pp.
of the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf States Mar. Fish. Comm.
Compl. Rep. 000-010. 184 pp.                               Williams, A. B. 1965. Marine decapod crustaceans
                                                          of the Carolinas. Fish. Bull., U. S. 65:1-298.

                                                     84





                                                                      Blue crab species profile, continued.
Williams, A. B. 1974. The swimming crabs of the
genus Callinectes (Decapoda: Portunidae). Fish.
Bull., U. S. 72: 685-798.

Williams, A. B. 1984. Shrimps, lobsters, and crabs
of the Atlantic coast of the eastern United States,
Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press,
Washington, DC. 550 pp.



















































                                                    85














 Common/Scientific Name                         Florida Bay                     Ten Thousand Islands           Caloosaihatchee River              Charlotte Harbor

 Baynscallop                                           6                                      SS6
    Arqcceclen irradiuns        Fenseca, LaCroix, rdmanl                                                      Estevez                        Batonsz
 Amenican oyster                                                              36, 38,183, 225,245             36,183                         36.183
    Crassasuea wroinaii         Tirinant                                       Browder, Thoemire              Chamberlain                    Fraser
 Common rangla                  126                                           30,126                          81,128                         81,126
    Rancia cunrants             Marelli. Tilmant                               Browder. Marell. lymiarf      Mareeh                         Eutevet Marelil
 Hardeclamn                     80, 81,107                                    30, 81,285                      81. 126,138,150                81,128,138,1ISO
    Memrieaml spades            Tifinant                                       Browder, Tashiro.Tlilmantl     Chamnberlain                   Fraser
 Brown shrimp                   183                                           92,183, 289                     183, 289                       183, 289
   Panneam aziecus
 Plnkshrimp                     19, 29,107,183,225                            19,29. 38, 59,178,183.225       93,183                         183
    Penaeus duorarm,            Tilmant                                        Browder, Tilmant                                              Browder
 Whihe shrimp                   183                                           30,183                          183                            183
    Penaeus selttenja           Tllmant                                        Browder, Tilmant
 Grass shrimp                   4, 225,297                                    4,30,38,44,59,289,297           4,93                           4.93
   Palaermonetaisauuab         Tilmant                                        Browder. Tilmast               Chamberlain
 Spiny lowaer                   107,155,183                                   30, 44,155,183                  155                            155,183
    pan aiim sinus              Hunt. Tilmanit                                 Hunt                           Hunt                           Fraser. Hunt
 Gulf stone crab
    Memwe adina
 Stone crab                     30, 59,107,139,183,l289                       17,18,30,38,659,136, 183, 289   17.18.59,1139,1183             17,18, 59, 139, 183
   Mhnwve inercemnafa    S W r                                                Bart. Browder                  Ber                            Be
 Blue crab                      107,266,297                                   30, 38,44,1711,                 171,276                        59, 93,171, 276
    callkrctes swdus            Steele ilonant                                 Browder, Steels                Chamberkdelrt, e$              Fraser, Steel.
 Tarpon             l      i e                                                 30, 38, 44,183                                                116,239
    Meoskwsd aftmerflu8                                                                                       Fraser                         Fraser
 Alabama shad                   275                                           275                             275                            275
   Abussafbamil.               Tilmant
 Gulf menhaden                  275                                           30, 44, 275                     275                            275
   Bravoorlia os/rus           Tilmant
 Yeilowfin menhaden             41,45,268,275                                 30 , 31,3841, 44. 45. 27S       41,93,275,283                  41, 93, 275, 283
    Bravoonia SMJIftl           Tilmant                                        Browder                        Chamberlain                    Fraser
 Say anchovy                    116. 212,261, 266,287                         30; 38, 44;212, 261             59,93                          S9, 64, 93, 283
   Anclroa nfthffl             7imlrant                                       Browder                        Chamberlain. Fraser:
 Sheepahead minnow              201, 241,261, 266.                            30, 31, 38,44,261               93,103,198,206                 93.202.283
   Cw'atoicdorr varleqaftis    7liba~tt                                       Browder                        Chamberlain, Fraser            Fraew
 GuN killifish                  84.107.201.~241, 261. 265                      30,31,38,44                    93                             64.283
   Funduhnr wsndi              Thlnant                                        Browder                        Chamberlain                     Fraser
 Snook                          107, 199, 200,27.                             38, 73,226, 270,271             93, 154. 2801                  283
   Cenhmoomrus undecrmslis                                                    Browder.                       Chamlberlain. Fraser           Browder. Fraser
 Bluefish                       95,153,224                                    30, 73, 95,153,183              93, 95,153,163,198, 283        95,153,183, 283
    Ponatostus saftafit                                                                                      Chamberlain
 Blue runner                    107,214,224,243,260                           30, 31,138, 281                 283                            283
   Carass ctmos                Edwards.rilmant                                Edwards                        Chamberlain                     Fraser
 Crevalle ladc                  107.214,224,243,260                           30, 31, 38, 44.138,164, 261     93,198                         93,138,283
   Carassx htjo                Edwards                                        Browder                        Chamberlain                    Fraser
 Florida pompano                78,183. 268                                   30, 44,183                      93,198, 244, 283               83,244,2813
   Tradrifomna c=aroins        Ttmant                                                                        Chamberlain                    Fraser
 Gray snapper                   22,107,199,200, 219,220,28S, 266,267.297       22, 38,44,897, 218, 291        93, 283                        93, 283
   Lurjantys Wownes            PoweR, Thayer. Tlfiant                        Browder, Tilinant              Chamberlain, Fraser            Fraser
 Pinfish                        107, 225,267,297                               30, 38, 44, 45,176, 22S        83,178, 244, 283               59, 176, 283
   Laoodon rhomboides     M     ettler. Powell. Tilmant                                                      Chamberlain
 Sand sealmaul                  113,183,225, 251,265                          30, 31, 38,44, 230,251          93                             93,183,'283
   Crroacbrt aremait           Tlmaihia                                       Browde                         Chamberlain, Frase              Frase
 Spotted sealrout               107,114,194,199,200,219, 266, 287,268          38, 44,192, 194                44,659, 64,114, 194, 283       44, 59, 64,114, 194, 283
   Crnscracbn nebualsus                                                       Browder                        Chamberlain, Fraser            Fraser
 Spot                           113, 183, 225, 265, 266, 297                  30, 31, 38,44,113, 261          93,283                         93,183,283
   Lelakitomus xanthajs;      TI'lmant                                        Bmowder. Tilmant               Chamberlain. Fraser            Fraser
,Atlantic croakrer             113,244                                        30, 44. 261                    93,283                         283
   &Wcropoqonia's andulatus    Davis                                          Tilmantl                       Chamberlain
 Red drum                       107,183, 199.200,241,295                       3D, 38. 45                     93,244                         93,283
    Scriuenpa  oalia         TI'lmant                                       Browder                        Chamberlain, Fraser             Fraser
Strored mullet                 107,261.268                                   26, 30, 38, 44,137, 261         28, 93,183. 269, 283           26, 93,1833,269, 283
    MAluficlohalus              Henter. Powell. Tilimant                      Browder. Hotlder. Tilmant       Chamberlain. Fraser            Fraser
Code goby                      107, 225, 281, 268,297                         30,31, 38,43,44, 261           27,74,93, 244, 283             64,74, 244, 283
   Gobiawnama robustran        Tlrnant                                        Browder                        Chamberlain                     Fraser
Spanish mackrerel              71, 123                                        38,71,82,123,193               82,193.198                     82,123,283
   Scomberomorus ntacalaras                                                   Browder                        Chamberlain
Gutf flounder                  214,268                                        31,3a,44,                      93                             283
   Parakdrrhvhs abuMuullar     Powell. lymant                                 Browde                         Chamberlain                     Fraser
Southern lounder               79,183                                         30, 31, 38,79, 183            93                             283
   Paraltdrrhys latrhigaflmn   Tilmant                                        Browder                        Chiamberlain                    Fraser


Numbers correspond to references listed in Appendix 7, References, pp. 92-1 05.

Names correspond lo individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications, pp. 90-91.




                                                                                       86









                             Appendix 5, continued. Table of references and personal communications




                             Common/Scientific Name               Tampa Bay                  Suwanee River                    Apalachee Bay
                             saymao             -          ,-3P                                                      165.ISO

                             American oysWe                 46149.49.83.245,      i:   99.1321245;1,16.4
                                C~zs~oafla YkakEdwï¿½m      Sarsie Esieve. Philinae       thinern                      SUWS1M~narnIW
                             Common range                                              126,:0: 2xx                   126,16S

                             Hiard clam                   61,238,244                    6,10  2
                               kAbwunafb amecld          LEdwsf                       :Maca. 7oi        : :eia::tfinlvaf
                             Brown shrimp                 63,137,173.2= 2,2             50.91,92,132                 1, 40, SO. 60. 85. 91, a,105,106
                                Pergews anema             Come                          Sheridan                     Sheridan. Sabruhnanvan
                             Pik* ahrihp                  183                           19. 106. 13Z 183             109.16S, 183.249. 2891
                                Pa"Newda orantom          Cons, Edwards. Estmez         Sheridan                     Sheridan. Si~flhmntevt
                             Whka oh"ln                   183                           132Z in. 183,269    W     .    C 1141.14, I.  1873,2169
                                Pews" se1aW                                             Sheridan                     Sheridan. Sabrmhmanyamn
                             Gresaaarnip                  4,58,289                      4 10OD. 289                  249, 2819
                                Palsermoneao cDub          Philibs                      Sheridan                     Memezl. Sheridan. Subrahmiunvam
                             Spiylaobuw                   :287                          183                          183.. 
                                Panft Aio ani            Hunt: atnstitahalavsi

                                              Adailma at's                              B~~~~~~~~~~~~~ait.dkter      Bait. Lnieraeeit eizal.8h mns
                                    Smite~~~~~~~~ls ia2 lat  6.13,26                                                 183

                             mms "a                       t71. 1813, 251:2817,289       132,1K 246276                183,196, 246.29S

                                    Taspon               ~~~~~~~202.244                132.183                       117,118,165,183,190
                                Agelftonwfeih         E     dwards                                                   Stibrahmanyaml
                             Alaama shad                  275              S. 72.275                                 215,216
                                Akan aslbaineg                                          cessxon. Gilert               Subrahmanvam
                             GuN menhaden                 128,275                       41,57,127,275,277            20,1118,1127,1190,275
                                fileenciti ca&ons          EdwaMIS. Mahrnoudi Phillipa  Ahunhot                      Subrahmrnanam
                             Yatesin menhaden             41,244,259                    275                          41,275
                                &evcwfl xsflI              Mahmiou. Philips                                          Subfahmenvam
                             Bay anchovy                 !4t 21.' 27io   ta                                           ,2226  4
                                Meftos mair       oi cEwsa  nu:Slahmsvaj
                             Sheapahead minnow            47,95,20.20                    2,0                          4,9
                              GuiMUMkt                     202OZ24' 248                1201                          3624929
                                      Fusses usia        ~Cons. petite                                              Sbsmnn
                             Snoo kill23,i154;162 244.,280                              183209,1                      I  1415132t


                             skiallt                      96, 158,1832,24               U, 132,193,200               89, 117,118,140,183,209
                                Pomamnissfisahk                                                                      Subrahmna
                             Blue ranner        I         115,181, 221,244,259   IS.,16. 83, 98, 115, 209            16, 83.117, 118, 165
                                Cranzmcneoe               Edemar                                                     Subrahmaianvaiii
                             Crs"As IN*e                  221, 244,259                  15, 52,90, 115, 187,209.278  3.5S2,90.117,118.140,165,187,278
                                Caranzhbooe               Edwarda                                                    Subrahmmnveni
                             Florida Pompano              U,. 244                                                    117, 116,1863
                                TrseihiOflu cOAUMA        Philisa                                                    Subrabmanyarn
                             Graysc-appar                 24                     .:::::..M8.   ju::                   6

                             Pinfim                       4,724571075176,0                                           202,1.7,9.4
                                Lewden Hamonbaks          Cons. Sewards. Ulleven                                     StAbb anwvirm
                             Sadsaalroutf                 244,256                       18-3,23I7         ~ .I .... 57,A183,236,237,246.
                                Ciociaefh                 CncPteLtoMei. Subrimahotanvam .
                             spaaas maui                  114,:~ 162,ta,259,263,286     132,16,1                     87,i Sy:,121, I    130, 151,165, in, a4n,11us
                                Owaiosb nabulbus          Conict.7PlikallbsrnManal Suibrahrmnisnvm
                                     Spot                 ~~~~~~~~47,137,202,244259    8,57,75,120,209               39,118,229,248,208
                                Liesians xanlirus         conm. Philips                                               Macat. Stirehmanvsmn
                             AMtnllcaosiner               129.137,244,259               57,75.132                    57, 75, 118, 229,249,296
                                Aftrawman~n     unajdist  Philli                      p moom. Wanest                 Subranianryam
                             Rad Sumn                     183,196, 197, B0, 213,269     104,132, 142,167,168,1813,207  104, 142,167, 168, 126,183,2017
                                scianwoe  acftfn         Esleve:, Philips                                           SiLrahmanyam
                             Sutied MiUNN                 46,47,202,213, 244,259        132                          46,118, 190
                                MUCK1e0safm"s              Edwards. Esazea. Phoilma     Cksicaon. Noidhe             Subraimshmanv
                             Code goby                    27', 4,242,244                120,209                     .25, In3 165
*  ~ ~ ~     ~    ~     ~ ~ ide~~~Gaaonr  whwlurnu                                                                    Sultiuhmanvam:!
                             Spanishi mackwal             321819,5                      57.70,22,~ 116                7,708
                                  SecIberoioe mauchous    Conic.                                                     Subrahslnav
                             Gull founder                 17', 202,244,.259,27          6,7211,669.69120,175,209     25,73,140,183.248,l;248
                                Paraikhruura abhutt       P111eSu11Wnnvn
                             Souhemn flounder             47,20Z2, :2062.244,  59-     ~ 8,272                       26,140246,249
                                Parsltllhrvys Jeumiolflsa-                                poo.NoeSbamnst

                            Numbers correspond to references lited in Appendix?7. Relerences, pp. 92-105.

                            Names con'espond to individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications. pp. 90491.



                                                                                                     87








 Appendix 5, continued. Table of references and personal commrunications




 Common/Scientitic Name                         Apalachicola Bay                                   St. Andrew Say                            Choctawatchee Bay
 say tosllup                                                                         67,222                                         21
   Azopacln 11radSans          Manzel                                               Fablse; FbAneMria                             Barkuloo
 American oyster                142, 245                                              693I., 99,2456,295.11            a      s       , 99, 245
   Crasaoslras yffioaa         Menzel                        Pablo. Mantel Owren                                                    Barkuloc. Menzel
 Common rangia                 1126,142,205.                                         126                                            21
   Rangal cuneast              Menzel.Nul~o                                                                                        Barkukioc
 Hard clam                                                                           65, 76, 9.1                                    21,65
   Mmerenarl mode       s      Mjantet:                                             Menzel. NasuctoK                               sarkulno. Menzel
 Brown shrimp                   1,2, 50, 53,92,108,110,135, 142. 145,146,152,165, 289 50, 53, 92,106,110,13S,142,145,152,165,284, 295.1  127
   Ponseus az/sass             Sheridan                                             Fable Oaren. Sheridan                          Barkuloo. Sheridan
 Pink shrlimp                   19,142,183,205,289                                   32,222                                         143,183,289
   Pansaus duoalmnt            Sheridan                                             Ogren, Sheridan                                Barkuloo. Sheridan
 White shrimp                   142,145,146. 177,183                                 32, 296.1                                      143,183,289
   Pansaes $webruff            Sheridan                                             Ogwen. Sheridan. Young                          Barkuloo, Sheridan
 Grass shrimp                   4.100.142,144,205                                    222,295.1                                      143 
   Palaomonaef Das sb          Sheridan                                             Fable. Ocren. Sheridan. Young                   Barkuloo. Menzel. Shanidan
 spiny Wabter                   183
   Panullrus ataus                                                                  Fable] B                    e&ul
 Gulf storescrab                139                                                  17.89.139.2890                                 17,139,183
   Met/ama aetna               Bed. unrdbero                                        Bedt uneeon Naugho                            Barlwno. Sort
 Slone cash13

 Blue crab                      146,184,185, 195,205,:246                            183,185,1195, 222,246,296.1                    143
   Cshcaflaaes $od"             tel                                                 Natiown. Stoole                                Baskulog. Steel
Tarpon                         2, 165,183                                           98.160,183,250.278                             12, 98,183
   Mngatcrs aflan/ttm                                                               Fable                                          Barkuulco,
 Alabama shad                   13,131,172,294                                       160, 203,204                                   7,12,13,21,37,111,143, 268
   AAosa alsbsmnae             Menzel                                               Finucane                                        Barkukoo
Gail manthaden                 29, 128,142,144,146,190, 205,229,275                 3,160,186,203, 204, 273, 278                   12, 98,143, 268, 27S
   Brerrooffia asnronus                                                             Flnucane                                        Barkuloo
 Vellowfin menhaden
   Bhoevorrta smn/ar/                                                               Fable                                           Barkulno,
 Bay anchovy                    20, 34, 141, 142, 14s6.227. 229                     9,64 186,278                                   12; 21, 37,143,268
   Anchos nit! h/a                                                                   iucnIaru
Sheepstead minnow              12473,180,~276;                                                                                     :7.98
   Ckinodonko  var/a s W                                                            Flnucanoe                                      Barklwlo.
Gulf kiilillah                 56, 140,142'                                         54, IS60.278                                   7
   Fundauso wand/aFrcaeBuluo
Snook                          2,61.165,~211,9                                      51,96.183,211,;250,278,293                     5113210,211.293
                                   Can/,ooomss sndec/maib                           Fable                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Barkuloo
Bluefsal                       2, 69,141,142, 144,146,165,170,183        3     3      ,66,69,118.160,183.186, 204,250,273,278   69, 96, 98,11 1,143,183, 209
    Pornatomussajahrt                                                                Fable                                          Barkuloc
Blusrunner                     2,16,83,98,98. 144,165                               3.16,33,66,83, 98, 160,16S, 204,250,273,278    16, 83,9,98,1SS11I
   C~aranx civaos                                                                   Fable                                          Barkruloo
Crovallejelac                  2,52.90.141,142,144,146,187,278                      3. 33, 54, 98,160,160,186, 204, 250,278        12,90,96,98,111,143
   Catanx bingos                                                                    Fable                                           Barkiulco
Fiordaspomnpano                118,144,153                                          3,98,160, 204,250                              7,98,111,143
   Tractrhgnas carm/aus                                                             Fkrucane                                       Barkulgo,
Gray snapper                   144,163-                                             3,54 6060,180,I204,250,276                     7,12,98,111.142,266
   Luliaus farsus                                                                   Fable:                                          Barkulog
Phlnlih                        20.34,41.16,76:                                      3;54, 98. 160,186, 203,204,250. 273,278        7,12,37,98,l~111, 143,268
   Lsaodoon thonmbohias                                                             Fable                                           Barkuloo. Mental
Sand sestrout                  57, t42, 146,146,227, 229,236,237                   .3.160,180,186,204,256,273,278                  7,98,143,268
             Cwrosck~~~~~~~~~n sInnf                                                 F                                             AWl  Barkuloo. Mental
Spotled seasirout              20,112, 114, 121,130,166,174, t88                    3, 54,160,180,186, 204,250, 273, 278           12,37,98, 111, 143,268
   cy"Oscian nebs/asus                                                              Fable                                           Barkulco. Menzel
spot                           57.122,142,145,146. 227, 229                         3, 98,160, 160, 186, 204, 250.273, 278         7,12, 37. 98,143, 268
   Lelosbnrss xan/hsnus                                                             Fable                                           Barkulco
Ailentic croaker               122,142,145,146,227,228,266                          3, 160, 160,186, 203,204,250,273,278           7,12, 37.98.143, 268
   AMScmpgrwnjas unds/amas     Sheridan                                             Fable                                           Barkuboo
Red drum                       104,142,167, 168,16S2,183                            54,250,278                                     7,12, 98,111, 143,189,194
    Sdaangops ocal/stus                                                              Fable                                          Barkuloc,
Stirpedmullet                  13,46,118,183                                        3, 54, 98,160,180,204, 278                     7.13, 28. 37, 46.55, 98.111,118.143,183
    Wafru/ molrs/us             Menzel                                               Fable                                          Barklmno
Code goby                      20,34,74,14G,242                    I        S     O                                                98,143,268
   Gobiosgms nobuss/sm                                                              Fable                                           Barkulo                                                    *
Spanmsh madkemel               20.142                                               986,160, 176,186,.203,204, 250,273,276         70,82, 98,111, 143
   Scomberonomoms macs/lsws                                                         Fable                                           Barkubo,
Gulf flounder                  79, 141,183,191                                      3, 98, 160, 160,1I86, 204.250.273, 278         7, 98,111,143,268
   Psracltdhvs a/tol/s                                                               NauGhton                                       Barklmuoo,
Southern flounder              13,76, 144,145,191                                   3,204,250,278                                  37,98,143,183, 208,265
   Psa/tdncthys lo/hostflma                                                          Naughton,                                      Barkuloc


Numbers correspond to references listed in Appendix 7, References, pp. 92-105.

Names correspond to individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications, pp. 90-91.




                                                                                       88








Appendix 5, continued. Table of references and personal communications



CommonlScientiflc Name              Pensacola Say                        Perdido Bay                                      mobile say
Say scalp                     62:                                                                  254. 257
  Arpoeaan krmacian      Y     lm.Klunhoun:                 Plsainr, Heath. KFuCWII&I. Young:'l   Danisau, Heat:h.Sto
Amerian oy~er                 9.05                            5.5                                   11 134, 156; 157~ 158,139
  Olasoarena Vircinl          Plainer. 'fauno:              Plarer Heath.menwta  Vauna             Danlean. Heath.ShkC
Common tangie                 52,128                         124, 125,126,256,25C~             1::19,126,254, 256, 273
  Ranw CUneRAM                Dardeau., FlMer. Ygno           ucznll  lmr letr fua                 Deen   et.S
Hardclam                      52                             254:~ 85,258cl::
  Abircenarl  oas             Flame. Yoaung                 He& Plainer.Heettan                     atdeu Heath. Shu
BeownaShrimp                  10, 52,187,296                 40,101,102,147, 254,257.256           40.101,102, 147,240,254,255
  ftnaeus aztecus             Flamer. Sheridan. 'fauna  Minor. Heath. Sheridan. 'fauna             Dardaau. Heath. Sheridan. Shim
Pinkcshrimp                   9,10,187                       254.25?                               14,42 ,254257
  Farnama dtwmmi              Flame. Sheridan. 'fauna        Flame. Herbh. Sheridan. 'faung        Daetdau. Heath. Sheridan. Shipp
Whte Shrip           S         . 10,52. 187.                 254,257                               14,42,146.149,217
  panammoehiw        u        Flamer. Manrdan. 'founa        Flamer. Heath. Shamian. 'fauna        Danaa. Heath. Shamrian. Ships
Gaa Shrimp                    187                            254,257                               23,231,254,257
*  PalanMnefIa nuci            PRainer. Shedida. 'fauna      Flamer. Heath. Sheridan. 'founa       Daideau. Heamm. Sherian. Shim

  Panulata argu      e        Flsam. 'faunga                 Flame  Heth 'fuaDneu.Hah  l
Gull aln crab                 13254                                               ~254
   &ff9MAIMw                  :81WBrtFlame. 'fauna            usot. Flame Neat.I Young       . ..  .ala. Het. ..i

 bione irna..n...f..
Blue cr           a      b        101                        254, 257                              :14,102,231,246,264:
             Cateuaeawddia    Fla~~~~ ~~CMe.Sel.'an          Flame. )leah Lane, SIeele,'Vagina     De'aaU. He"th Slit. Sel
Tarpon                         183,262,263                   5,183,254                             62,254,281. 282
  AMeaa  atkflolw             BrMne. 'faung                 HeathYougin                           Heath. shop
Altama SWe                    5, 10,13                       254, 257                              131,172,215,216.254,257,274,290
  Abua alabamfia,             Balana. 'fauna                Heath~Yagna                            Heath. Slibo
Gut? menhaden                 9, 10, 187,263                 254,257                               14, 102,282, 233,235, 253,257,291
         Suwuitnabanha        Bu~~Sotane. 'fauna            HeataYauna                             Heath. Shipa
Veloal~i menhaden                                                                                  14, 233, 235, 253,254. 257.291
   ta1,0Wuiff MMf              Butwan. 'fauna                 uaft.'aund                           Heath. Shipp
say anchov                    Si   05,715,6                   5;257:
  Anchaa mOchtS              :95,5.. 'aun                     et:naHat  l
Sheepehead minnaw             .505,723254,2517                                           * .       232253,257:-
   Cwflndfln ULMeetus          Butane. 'fauna :e~            itat.Yun                 :HeaitIh h
Gull IdMIh                    81,2926.                       25,5.....225 5
   Findiads sanui      .    .     an. ....n     . . ...vun                             .      . ... Sli.t....s
Snook                         51.183,210.211, 205.            5 lea, 10,21t,........295.....
   CannOCAMNa  Undcinab        BSoane. 'fauna                Neat VaunW.oi7 Heat.I16 Shut I
SW"fi                         62,89,56.97,209                69,183,209                            14,89,71,254
   POMnab MeUaa   Mf          Badnan. 'fauna                 HOEat.aUn                             Heat. ShIes
Blue unner                    16,5M26,93..97                 16, 83,936 97                         115,235,254
   Caran mens                  Burtane. 'fauna               Heat.'funa                             Heath. Slhos
Cravle Jac          k S   .       10, 52,96,97, 187,263      90,252,257                            3,24,233,254, 257
   Ganurt hkvs                 Butaone. 'fauna               Heat.YaGin                            HAt111. Shims
Ronail panpano                62,97                          2S4                                   14,253.254, 252
   Turchhiafa caolinaf         Butane. 'fauna                Hea.Younl                             Hleat. Shipp
Gray enappw                   52,97.,187.263                 254                                   14,324
   LOMAua  fleme               Sawtorfauna:    M        O    M    .Vu                                et ShiesO
Plimnt                       :9, 10,. 5207.178, 187,263    M5, 254,257.                            14,24,=23223.54.:257,274
   JaOMM thanoiesl             Buane. 'fauna:        Z. m      et~uomHa. S
Sand aealroul                 5,910,2,0 3723                  252254                               14.24,10QZ2,22233,234;235,253,254i 217,274,282,291
   Cynnamsn arwaifisau         Bortonte.-'Ma                  HetYuoHeat. Salis
Spaued Dexuaut      S     .    ,9,10, 52,17, 114, 130, 166,  lES, 254,  264 3        .             1,24,10Z2,1=233,234i235,~257,:274,282,291
   cmwtaien nabukies           Butane1. 'fauna               Healliaun                             Heath. Alto~
SpW                           5, 9,10,52M 97, 187,26         25 =2,254257                          14,5S7,102,181,232,233,235,253,254,257,291
   Lal0MMUw snlUnaMI           Butane. 'fauna                 Heath.'fauna                         Heat. Shta
Atlantic croaer               5, 9,10, 52,94,97,187,263      252,254                               57,102,14M,18t, 233,234,235,253,254,255,257, 282,288,291
   AhOMilmha undutalws         Butan. 'faung                 Heat.'fauna                            Heat,. Shut
Red sum                       10, 52,97,187,194,263          254                                   14,24,102.232,233,234,235,253,254,274,282,291
   ScbeONa~ oahROafu          Butane 'faung                  HIPt.'fauna                           Heath. Shipp
Stried murmt     S      .       .9.10,13,4,.183,187,263      254,257                               14,24,102.232,233.253,254,257,274,282
   Muow  ffashau              Burtane. 'fauna                Heath.'funa                           Heath. Shies
Code gaby                     5,10,52,97                    . 232,24,~257~                         232,233,234,254, 257:
   Goftauna robusaurm         Butane V'funad:a:']                                                   Heath Slits
Spanish mackrei               52,187,263:26                                                        14,24, 1t2,23,53254,28M
   soamberaman  IMaIQeuAS    Butan. agn                      Heaftyr.'faIna                         Heat. Shies
Guff fiounder                  52,?9                         25714,24 254,257,22290
   Parakftila abbat            Buftane.-Vauol                146myoundfi                            Heat. Shies
Southern ftunderkI O1.'0.52,26325                                                                  14,$24,102,233,253.254.257.2812
   Paaltht"Vs *etosena         Burtane. 'fauna                lethVau                               Heati Slts

Numbets correspond to reterences listed in Appendix 7. References, pp. 92-105.

Names correspond to individuals listed in Appendix 6, Personal Communications, pp. 90-91.









Ahrenholz, D.               National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC

Barkuloo, J.                U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City, FL

Bert, T.                    Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL

Bortone, S.                 University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL

Browder, J.                 National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL

Chamberlain, B.             South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL

Clugston, J.                U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gainesville, FL

Comp, G.                    Sarasota County Government, Sarasota, FL

Dardeau, M.                 Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium, Dauphin Island, AL

Davis, D.                   Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL

Edwards, R.                 Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL

Estevez, E.                 Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL

Fable, W.                   National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL

Finucane, J.                National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL

Flemer, D.                  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL

Fonseca, M.                 National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC

Fraser, T.                  Environmental Quality Laboratory, Port Charlotte, FL

Gilbert, C.                 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Heath, S.                   Alabama Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, Dauphin Island, AL

Heck, K.                    Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium, Dauphin Island, AL

Hettler, W.                 National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC

Hunt, J.                    Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marathon, FL

Kruczynski, W.              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL

LaCroix, M.                 National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC

Lane, J.                    Pensacola Junior College, Pensacola, FL

Lindberg, W.                University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Mahmoudi, B.                Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL

Marelli, D.                 Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL

                                                    90





                                                        Appendix 6, continued. Personal communications
Menzel, W. (deceased)      Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL

Naughton, S.               National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL

Nordlie, F.                University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

Ogren, L.                  National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, FL

Phillips, D.               Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL

Powell, A.                 National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC

Sheridan, P.                National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, TX

Shipp, R.                  University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL

Steele, P.                 Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, FL

Subrahmanyham, D.           Florida A &M University, Tallahassee, FL

Tashiro, J.                National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL

Thayer, G.                  National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC.

Thoemke, K.                 National Estuarine Research Reserve, Fla. Dept. of Natural Resources, Naples, FL

Tilmant, J.                 U.S. National Park Service, Homestead, FL

Warlen, S.                 National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort, NC

Young, B.                   Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Pensacola, FL





























                                                   91







                _ _ o_ ,                                   ,   .....12.   Bass, D. G. Jr., D. M. Yeager, and V. G. Hitt.
                                                         1980. Ecology of the Choctawhatchee River system,
1.   Abele, L. G. 1970. The marine decapod crus-         Florida. Northwest Streams Research Project, Flor-
tacea of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. M.S. The-      ida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission.
sis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee.
                                                         13. Beecher, H. A., and W. C. Hixson. 1982.
2.   Ager, L. A. 1985. Fishery study, Apalachicola       Seasonal abundance of fishes in three northwest
River maintenance dredging disposal site evaluation      Florida rivers. Fla. Sci. 45:145-171.
program. State of Florida Game and Freshwater Fish
Commission, Tallahassee, Florida. For U. S. Army         14.   Benson, N. G. (ed.). 1982. Life history require-
Corps of Engineers, Mobile Alabama.                      ments of selected finfish and selected shellfish in
                                                         Mississippi Sound and adjacent areas. U. S. Fish
3.   Allison, D. T. 1961. List of fishes from St.        Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-81/51.
Andrew system and adjacent Gulf of Mexico. Stu-
dent paper (unpublished). Florida State Univ, Tal-       15.  Berry, F. H. 1958. Additions to the fishes of
lahassee.                                                Cedar Key, Florida and a list of Gulf of Mexico
                                                         Carangidae. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 21: 190.
4.    Anderson, G. 1985. Species profiles: life histo-
ries and environmental requirementsof coastalfishes      16.  Berry, F. H. 1959. Young jack crevalles (Car-
and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico) grass shrimp. U.      anx species) off the southeastern Atlantic coast of
S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.35).               the United States. Fish. Bull., U. S. 59: 417-535.

5.   Bailey, R. M., H. E. Winn, and C. L. Smith.          17.  Bert, T. M., J. Tilmant, J. Dodrill, and G. E.
1954. Fishesfromthe Escambia River, Alabamaand           Davis. 1986. Aspects of the population dynamics
Florida with ecological and taxonomic notes. Proc.       and biology of the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria)
Acad. Natl. Sci. Philadelphia 108: 109-164.              in Everglades and Biscayne National Parks as deter-
                                                         mined by trapping. South Florida Research Center
6.    Barber, B. J., and N. J. Blake. 1983. Growth       Report SFRC-86/04.
and reproduction of the bay scallop, Argopecten
irradians(Lamarck) at itssoutherndistributionallimit.    18.  Bert, T. M., R. E. Warner, and L. D. Kessler.
J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 66: 247-256.                     1978. The biology and Florida fishery of the stone
                                                         crab, Menippe mercenaria (Say), with emphasis on
7.      Barkuloo, J. M. 1973. Fishery management         southwest Florida. Fla. Sea Grant Tech. Pap. 9.
program - Choctawhatchee striped bass study. U.
S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, North-         19.  Bielsa, L. M., W. H. Murdich, and R. F. Labisky.
west Florida Striped Bass Project Annual Project          1983. Species profiles: life histories and environ-
Report 1972.                                             mental requirements of coastal fishes and inverte-
                                                         brates (south Florida)-pink shrimp. U. S. Fish Wildl.
8.    Bass, D. G., Jr., and V. G. Hitt. 1973. Sport      Serv. FWS/OBS-82/11.17.
fishery ecology of the Suwannee and Santa Fe
Rivers, Florida. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish       20.   Blanchet, R. H. 1979. The distribution and
Commission, Northeast Region, Lake City, Florida.        abundance of ichthyoplankton in the Apalachicola
                                                         Bay, Florida area. Unpublished M. S. Thesis, Fla.
9.    Bass, D. G., Jr., and V. G. Hitt. 1977. Ecology    State Univ. Tallahassee.
of the Blackwater River system, Florida. Northwest
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water Fish Commission.                                   Analysis and interpretation of baseline data. Fla. Sea
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10.  Bass, D. G., Jr., and V. G. Hitt. 1978. Sport
fishery ecology of the Escambia River, Florida.          22.   Bortone, S. A., and J. L. Williams. 1986. Spe-
Northwest Streams Research Project, Florida Game         cies profiles: life histories and environmental require-
and Fresh Water Fish Commission.                         ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (south
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11.  Bass, D. G., Jr., D. M. Yeager, and V. G. Hitt.     pers. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.52).
1979. Ecology of the Yellow River system, Florida.
Northwest Streams Research Project, Florida Game         23.   Borum, J. L. 1975. A descriptive study of
and Freshwater Fish Commission.                          seasonal fluctuations of macroscopic fauna in the

                                                    92





                                                                      Appendix 7, continued. References

submerged grassbeds in Mobile Bay, Alabama. Ph.         34.  Buckley, E. N. III. 1973. The fishes of
D. Thesis, Univ. South. Miss.                           Apalachicola Bay system with reference to life his-
                                                        tory, abundance, distribution, and species diversity.
24.  Boschung, H. T.,Jr. 1957. The fishesof Mobile      Honors Thesis (unpubl.), Fla. State Univ., Tallahas-
Bay and the Gulf coast of Alabama. Ph. D. Thesis,       see.
Univ. Ala., University.
                                                        35. Burch, T. A. 1983. Characterization of oyster
25.   Brady, K. D. 1981. Seasonal and spatial distri-   beds in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida. Northwest
bution of ichthyoplankton in seagrass beds of           FloridaWaterManagementDistrictWaterResources
Apalachee Bay. Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Fla. State          Special Report 83-6.
Univ., Tallahassee.
                                                        36. Burrell, V. G., Jr. 1986. Species profiles: life
26.  Breder, C. M., Jr. 1940. The spawning of Mugil     histories and environmental requirements of coastal
cephalus on the Florida west coast. Copeia 1940:        fishes and invertebrates (South Atlantic)-American
138-139.                                                oyster. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.57).

27.   Breder, C. M., Jr. 1942. On the reproduction of   37.  Byrd, K. (Project Leader). 1960. Choc-
Gobiosoma robustum Ginsburg. Zoologica 27: 61-          tawhatchee watershed, Lake and Stream Survey
64.                                                     Team No. I.

28.   Broadhead, G. C. 1953. Investigations of the      38.  Carter, M. R., L. A. Burns, T. R. Cavinder, K. R.
black mullet, Mugilcephalus L., in northwest Florida.   Dugger, P. L. Fore, D. B. Hicks, H.L. Revello, and
Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res. Lab. Tech. Ser. 7.           T.W. Schmidt. 1973. Ecosystem analysis of the Big
                                                        Cypress Swamp and estuaries. U. S. Environmental
29.   Browder, J. A. 1985. Relationship between         Protection Agency, Region IV, South Florida Eco-
pink shrimp production onthe Tortugas Grounds and       logical Study. EPA 904/9-74-002.
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30.   Browder, J. A., A. Dragovich, J. Tashiro, E.      intertidal grassbed in the northeastern Gulf of Mex-
Coleman-Duffie, C. Foltz, and J. Zweifel. 1986. A       ico. Unpubl. M. S Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahas-
comparison of biological abundances in three adja-      see.
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31.   Browder, J. A., J. Tashiro, E. Coleman-Duffie,     Rep. Ser. 2. 128 p.
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ton concentrations and water tranport in three bay      41.  Christmas, J.Y., D. J. Etzold, and L. B. Simpson
systems of the Ten Thousand Islands affected by the      1983. The menhaden fishery of the Gulf of Mexico
Golden Gate Estate canal system. Final Report to         United States: a regional management plan. Gulf
the South Florida Water Management District Con-         States Mar. Fish. Comm., Ocean Springs, Miss.
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                                                        42.  Christmas, J. Y., G. Gunter, and P. Musgrave.
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bution, abundance, and size of penaeid shrimps in       penaeid shrimp in the estuarine waters of Missis-
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74:158-166.                                             Gulf Res. Rep. 2:177-212.

33.   Brusher, H. A., L. A. Trent, and M. L. Williams.  43.  Clark, S. H. 1971. Factors affecting the distri-
1978. Recreational fishing for king mackerel in Bay     butions of fishes in Whitewater Bay, Everglades
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Browder, R.D. Brugger, and J. C.Davis, (editors)        Bull. 8.
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ences, Univ. Miami, Miami, Florida. NOAA contract        D. S. Peters. 1985. A comparison of forage fish
no. 03-6-042-35137.                                     communities in relation to habitat parameters in

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                                                                       Appendix 7, continued. References
Faka Union Bay, Florida and eight collateral bays          219.
during the wet season. NOAA Tech. Memo. NM FS-
SEFC-162.                                                  55.   De Sylva, D. P., H. B. Stearns, and D. S. Tabb.
                                                           1956. Populations of the black mullet (Mugil cepha-
45.   Collins, L. A., and J. H. Finucane. 1984. Ich-       lus) in Florida. Fla. Board Conser. Tech. Ser. 19.
thyoplankton survey of the estuarine and inshore
waters of the Florida Everglades, May 1971 to Feb-         56.   De Vlaming, V. L., A. Kuris, and F.R. Parker.
ruary 1972. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 6.                        1978. Seasonal variation of reproduction and lipid
                                                           reserves in some subtropical cyprinodontids. Trans.
46.   Collins, M. R. 1985. Species profiles: life histo-   Am. Fish. Soc. 107: 464-472.
ries and environmental requirements of coastal fishes
and invertebrates (South Florida) striped mullet. U.       57.   Ditty, J. G. 1986. Ichthyoplankton in neritic
S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.24).                 waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana:
                                                           composition, relative abundance, and seasonality.
47.   Comp, G. S. 1985. A survey of the distribution       Fish. Bull., U. S. 84: 935-946.
and migration of the fishes in Tampa Bay. In S. F.
Treat, J. L. Simon, R. R. Lewis ill, R. L. Whitman, Jr.    58.   Dragovich, A., J. A. Kelly, Jr., and H. G. Good-
(editors), Proc. Tampa Bay Area Sci. Info. Symp., p.       ell. 1968. Hydrological and biological characteristics
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                                                           66: 463-477.
48.   Conservation Consultants, Inc. 1976. Twenty-
sixth quarterly report on the Big Bend thermal and         59.   Drew, R. D., and N. S. Schomer. 1984. An
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Tampa Electric Company, Marine Research Labora-            River/Big Cypress watershed. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv.
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49.   Conservation Consultants, Inc. 1977. Ecologi-        60.   Duggan, P. J., and R. J. Livingston. 1982.
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50.   Cook, H. L., and M. J. Lindner. 1970. Synopsis       of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 189-200. U. S.
of Biological data on the brown shrimp, Penaeus            Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile.
aztecus aztecus Ives 1891. FAO Fisheries Synopsis
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53.   Copeland, B. J., and T. J. Bechtel. 1974.Some        scientific information. Mote Marine Laboratory Re-
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54.   Crittenden, E. 1958. A pre-impoundment fish-         histories and environmental requirements of coastal
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Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Game Fish Comm, p. 211-

                                                     94





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66.   Fable, W. A., Jr., H. A. Brusher, L. Trent, and      Fla. Board Conserv., Div. Salt Water Fisheries, Spec.
J. Finnegan, Jr. 1981. Possible temperature effects        Sci. Rep. 16.
on charter boat catches of king mackerel and other
coastal pelagic species in Northwest Florida. Mar.         77.   Garrity, R. D.,W. J.Tiffany, III, and S. Mahade-
Fish. Rev. 43(8): 21-26.                                   van (editors). 1977. Ecological studies at Big Bend
                                                          Steam Electric station (Tampa Electric Company).
67.   Fay, C. W., R. J. Neves, and G. B. Pardue.           Vol. 3, An analysis and summary of studies on the
1983. Species profile: life histories and environ-         effects of the cooling water system on aquatic fauna,
mental requirements of coastal fishes and inverte-         A 316 demonstration biological survey. Conserva-
brates (Mid-Atlantic)--bay scallop. U. S. Fish Wildl.      tion Consultant, Inc., Palmetto, Fla.
Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.12).
                                                          78. Gilbert, C. 1986a. Species profiles: life histo-
68.   Finucane, J. H. 1969. Ecology of the pompano         ries and environmental requirements of coastal fishes
(Trachinotus carolinus) and the permit (T. falcatus) in    and invertebrates (south Florida)-Florida pompano.
Florida. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98: 478-486.                U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.41).

69.   Finucane, J. H., H. A. Brusher, and L. A.            79.   Gilbert, C. R. 1986b. Species profiles: life
Collins. 1980. Spawning of the bluefish, Pomatomus         histories and environmental requirements of coastal
saltatrix, in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. North-      fishes and invertebrates (South Florida) -southern,
east Gulf Sci. 4: 57-59.                                   gulf, and summerflounder. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol.
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70.   Finucane, J. H., and L. A. Collins. 1986. Re-
production of spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus              80.   Godcharles, M. F., and W. C. Jaap. 1973a.
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ronmental impact statement. Regulatory impact              81.   Godcharles, M. F., and W. C. Jaap. 1973b.
review. Draft regulations for coastal migratory pe-        Exploratory clam survey of Florida nearshore and
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ment Council and South Atlantic Fishery Manage-            Pap. Ser. 21.
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73.   Fore, P. L., and T. W. Schmidt. 1973. Biology
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In Ecosystem analysis of the Big Cypress swamps            crysos, from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Northeast
and estuaries. U. S. E. P. A. Atlanta, GA.                 Gulf Sci. 8: 107-114.

74.   Fritzche, R.A. 1978. Development of fishes of        84.   Greeley, M. S., Jr., and R. MacGregor, Ill.
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75.   Fruge, D. J., and F. M. Truesdale. 1978.
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76.   Futch, C. R., and J. Martina, Jr. 1967. A survey
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special reference to selection of clutch planting sites.

                                                      95






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86.   Grimes, C. B. 1971. Thermal addition studies         lahassee. 555 p.
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Nat. Res. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. 11.               97.   Hastings, P. A. 1974. Vertebrates. InA. Long,
                                                          Project Director. Baseline study of physical, chemi-
87.   Grimes, C. B. 1987. Reproductive biology of          cal, biological, and socioeconomic parameters of
the Lutjanidae: a review. In J.J. Polovina and S.          Navarre Beach. National Science Foundation Stu-
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88.   Grimes, C. B., and J. A. Mountain. 1971.             ality of the fish fauna on a new jetty in the northeast-
Effects of thermal effluent upon marine fishes near        ern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 24:
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93.1  Gunter,J.S.,and E.L.Barnett.1986.Compre-             103. Hildebrand, S. F. 1917. Notes on the life his-
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                                                          holloway and Econfina estuaries of Apalachee Bay,
95.   Hardy, J. D., Jr. 1978. Development of fishes        Florida. M.S. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahassee.
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juvenile stages, Vol. III. U. S. Fish and Wildl. Serv.     106. Hooks, T. A., K. L. Heck, Jr., and R. J. Living-
FWS-OBS-78/12.                                             ston. 1976. An inshore marine invertebrate commu-
                                                          nity: structure and habitat associations in the north-
96.   Hastings, R. W. 1972. Origin and seasonality         eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 26: 99-109.
of the fish fauna on a new jetty in the northeastern
Gulf of Mexico. Ph.D. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tal-

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107.  Hudson, J. H., D. M. Allen, and T. J. Costello.     119. Jovanovich, M. C., and K. R. Marion. 1989.
1970. The flora and fauna of a basin in central Florida   Gametogenic cycle of Rangia cuneata (Mactridae,
Bay. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 604    Mollusca) in Mobile Bay, Alabama, with Comments
P.                                                        of geographic variation. Bull. Mar. Sci. 45: 130-138.

108. Ingle, R. M. 1957. Intermittent shrimp sam-          120. Kilby,J.B.1955.ThefishesoftwoGulfcoastal
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109. Ingle, R. M. 1962. Intermittent shrimp sam-          tiontothe biologyofthe spotted weakfish, Cynoscion
pling in Apalachicola Bay with biological notes and       nebulosus, (Cuvier) from northwest Florida, with a
regulatory applications. Fla. Board Conserv. Mar.         description of thefishery. Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res.
Lab. Contrib. 67.                                         Lab. Tech. Ser. 30.

110.  Ingle, R. M., and C. E. Dawson, Jr. 1953. A         122. Kobylinski, G. J., and P. F. Sheridan. 1979.
survey of Apalachicola Bay Fla. Board Conserv. Mar.       Distribution, abundance, feeding and long term fluc-
Res. Lab. Tech. Ser. 10.                                  tuations of spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, 1972-1977.
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spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Florida.        ances of summer and winter acclimatized Rangia
Copeia 1962: 544-548.                                     cuneata of different sizes from Perdido Bay, Florida.
                                                         Northeast Gulf Sci. 8: 163-166.
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requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates          Species profiles: life histories and environmental
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Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.43).                               (Gulf of Mexico)-common rangia. U. S. Fish Wildl.
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FWS/OBS-78/12.                                            histories and environmental requirements (Gulf of
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116. Jones, P. W., F. D. Martin, and J. D. Hardy, Jr.     OBS-82/11.1. 15 p.
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                                                         histories and environmental requirements (Gulf of

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Mexico)-spotted seatrout. U. S. Fish. Wildl. Serv.        141. Livingston, R. J. 1976. Diurnal and seasonal
FWS/OBS-82/11.4. 14 p.                                    fluctuations of organisms in a north Florida estuary.
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131. Laurence, G. C., and R. W. Yerger. 1967. Life
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132. Leadon, C. J. 1979. Environmental effects of         tawhatchee River - Bay System Center for Aquatic
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133. Leber, K. M, and H. S. Greening. 1986. Corn-         rook, V. E. Keys, and J. Taylor Jr. 1974. Major
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134.  Lee, C.1979. The seasonal and spatial setting       145.  Livingston, R. J., G. L. Kobylinski, F. G. Lewis,
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135. Leitman, S., K. Brady, L. Edmiston, T. McAlppin,     146.  Livingston, R. J., P.S. Sheridan, B. G. McLane,
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Bay, Florida, USA. Mar. Biol. (Berlin.) 32:19-48.         seatrout, p. 7-13. Gulf States Fisheries Commission,
                                                          Ocean Springs, Miss.


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152. Mahoney, B. M. S., and R. J. Livingston. 1982.       portion, cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inven-
Seasonal fluctuations of benthic macrofauna in the        tory. U. S. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. Data Rep. 95. 229
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153. Manooch, C. S., Ill. 1984. Fisherman's guide         fauna and flora of the Apalachee Bay and the St.
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154. Marshall, A. R. 1958. A survey of the snook          166. Mercer, L. P. 1984a. A biological and fisheries
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155. Marx, J. M., and W. F. Herrnkind. 1986. Spe-         profile of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. N. C. Div.
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176. Muncy, R. J. 1984a. Species profiles: life his-     186. Ogren, L. H., and H. A. Brusher. 1977. The
tories and environmental requirements of coastal         distribution and abundance of fishes caught with a
fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)- pinfish. U.   trawl in the St. Andrew Bay System, Florida. North-
S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/11.26.                   east Gulf Sci. 1: 83-105.

177. Muncy, R. J. 1984b. Species profiles: life his-     187. Olinger, L. W., R. G. Rogers, P. L. Fore, R. L.
tories and environmental requirements of coastal         Todd, B. L. Mullins, F. T. Bisterfeld, and L. A. Wise,
fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico)-white          II. 1975. Environmental and recovery studies of Es-
shrimp. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/1 1.20.       cambia Bay and the Pensacola Bay system, Florida.
                                                          U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV,
178. Munro, J. L., A. C. Jones, and D. Dimitriou.        Surveillance and Analysis Division, Escambia Bay
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179. Nakamura, E. L. 1976. Scombrid fishes in St.
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180. Naughton, S. P., and C. H. Saloman. 1978.           sippi. Gulf Res. Rep., Suppl. 1: 45-68.
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183. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric              193. Perret, W. S., B. B. Barrett, W. R. Latapie, J. F.
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199.  Powell, A. B., D. E. Hoss, W. F. Hettler, D. S.     210. Rivas, L. R. 1954. The origin, relationships,
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219. Rutherford, E. S., T. W. Schmidt, and J. Til-       and marine systems, p. 143-161. Plenum Press,
mant. 1989. Early life historyof spotted seatrout (Cy-   New York.
noscion nebulosus) and gray snapper (Lutjanus
griseus) in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park,       230. Sheridan, P. F., D. L. Trimm, and B. M. Baker.
Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44: 49-64.                      1984. Reproduction and food of northern Gulf of
                                                         Mexico fishes. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 27: 175-204.
220. Rutherford, E. S., E. B. Thue, and D. G. Buker.
1983. Population structure, food habits and spawn-       231. Shipp, L. P. 1964. The vertical and horizontal
ing activity of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus, in        distribution of decapod larvae in relation to some
Everglades National Park. U. S. Natl. Park Serv., S.     environmental conditions within a salt marsh area of
Fla. Res. Cent. Rep. SFRC-83/02.                         the north central Gulf of Mexico. Unpubl. M. S.
                                                         Thesis, Univ. S. Ala., Mobile.
221. Saloman, C. H., and S. P. Naughton. 1979.
Fishes of the littoral zone, Pinellas County, Florida.   232. Shipp, R. L. 1979. Summary of knowledge of
Fla. Sci. 42(2):85-93.                                   forage fish species of Mobile Bay and vicinity. In H.A.
                                                         Loyacano, Jr. and J.P. Smith, (editors), Symposium
222. Saloman, C. H., S. P. Naughton, and J. L.           on the natural resources of the Mobile estuary,
Taylor. 1982. Benthic faunal assemblages of shal-        Alabama, p. 167-176. U. S. Army Corps of Engi-
low water, sand, and seagrass habitats, St. Andrew       neers, Mobile.
Bay, Florida. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Panama City,
Florida.                                                 233. Shipp, R. L. 1982. Larval fish stocks. Dauphin
                                                         Island Sea Lab Tech. Rep. 82-003.
223. Sastry, A. N. 1963. Reproduction of the bay
scallop, Aequipecten irradians Lamarck. Influences       234. Shipp, R. L. 1984. Fish stocks of the Alabama
of temperature on maturation and spawning. Biol.         coastal area. Dauphin Island Sea LabTech. Rep. 84-
Bull. 125: 146-153.                                      002.

224. Schmidt, T. W. 1976. Seasonal biomass esti-         235. Shipp, R. L. 1987. Temporal distribution of
mates of marine and estuarine fishes within Ever-        finfish eggs and larvae around Mobile Bay. In T. A.
glades National Park, May 1973 to July 1974. In          Lowery (editor), Symposium on the natural resources
Proceedings of the First Conference on Scientific        of the Mobile Bay estuary. p. 44-54. MS/AL Sea
Research in the National Parks, Vol 1, p. 665-672. U.    Grant, MASGP-87-007.
S. Dept. Int., National Park Service.
                                                         236. Shlossman, P. A. 1980. Aspects of the life
225. Schomer, N. S., and R. D. Drew. 1982. An            history of the sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius in
ecological characterization of the lower Everglades,     the Gulf of Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Tex. A&M Univ.
Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. U. S. Fish Wildl.      College Station.
Serv. FWS/OBS-82/58.1.
                                                         237. Shlossman, P. A., and M. E. Chittenden, Jr.
226. Seaman, W., Jr., and M. Collins. 1983. Spe-          1981. Reproduction, movements, and population
cies profiles: life histories and environmental require-  dynamics of the sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius.
ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South          Fish. Bull., U. S. 79: 649-669.
Florida) -snook. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-
82111.16. 16p.                                           238. Sims, H. W., Jr., and R. J. Stokes. 1967. A
                                                         surveyof the hard shell clam Mercenaria campechien-
227. Sheridan, P. F. 1978. Trophic relationships of      sis (Gmelin) population in Tampa Bay, Florida. Fla.
dominant fishes in the Apalachicola Bay system           Board Cons. Mar. Res. Lab. Spec. Sci. Rep.17.
(Florida). Ph. D. Thesis, Fla. State Univ., Tallahas-
see.

                                                    102





                                                                       Appendix 7, continued. References
239. Smith, D. G. 1980. Early larvae of the tarpon,      system, Florida, and adjacent coastal waters, 1973.
Megalops atlanticus. with notes on spawning in the       NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-708.
Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Channel. Bull. Mar.
Sci. 30:136-141.                                         251. Sutter, F. C., and T. D. Mcllwain. 1987. Spe-
                                                         cies profiles: life histories and environmental require-
240. Smith, M. F., Jr., (editor). 1984. Ecological       ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of
characterization atlas of coastal Alabama: map nar-      Mexico)-sand seatrout and silver seatrout. U. S. Fish
rative. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS82/64.            Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.72).

241. Sogard, S. M., G. V. Powell, and J. G.              252. Suttkus, R. D., and G. E. Gunning. 1986.
Holmquist. 1987. Epibenthic fishes on Florida Bay        Biologicalsurveyof PerdidoBay.Annual reportto St.
banks: relations with physical parameters and            Regis Paper Company. Cantonment, Fla.
seagrass cover. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 40: 25-39.
                                                         253. Swift, I. R. 1983. A multivariate assessment of
242. Springer, V. G., and A. J. McErlean. 1961.          the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of the
Spawning seasons and growth of the code goby,            fishes of Bon Secour Bay, Alabama. Unpubl. M. S.
Gobiosoma robustum (Pisces: Gobiidae), in the            Thesis, Univ. S. Ala., Mobile.
Tampa Bay area. Tulane Stud. Zool. 9: 87-98.
                                                         254. Swingle, H. A. 1971. Biology of Alabama estu-
243. Springer, V. G., and A. J. McErlean. 1962.          arine areas- Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine
Seasonality of fishes on a south Florida shore. Bull.    inventory. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 5:1-123.
Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib. 12: 39-60.
                                                         255. Swingle, H. A. 1979. Commercial fisheries and
244. Springer, V. G. and D. K. Woodbum. 1960. An         the Mobile estuary. In H.A. Loyacano Jr., and J.P.
ecological study of the fishes of the Tampa Bay area.    Smith (editors), Symposium on the natural resources
Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. 1:1-104.      of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 185-188. U. S.
                                                         Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile.
245. Stanley, J. G., and M. A. Sellers. 1986. Spe-
cies profile: life histories and environmental require-  256. Swingle, H. A., and D. G. Bland.1974a. Distri-
ments of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Gulf of       bution of the estuarine clam Rangia cuneata Gray in
Mexico)-American oyster. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv.         coastal waters of Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 10:
Biol. Rep. 82(11.64).                                    9-16.

246. Steele, P. 1982. A synopsis of the biology of       257. Swingle, H. A., and D. G. Bland. 1974b. A
the blue crab CallinectessapidusRathbun in Florida.      study of the fishes of the coastal watercourses of
In H. M. Perry and W. A. Van Engel (editors), Pro-       Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 10: 22-102.
ceedings of the Blue Crab Colloquium, October 18-
19, 1979. p. 29-35. Gulf States Marine Fisheries         258. Swingle, W. E. 1972. Survey of the live bait
Commission, Biloxi, Miss.                                shrimp industry of Alabama. Ala. Mar. Res. Bull. 8: 1-
                                                         8.
247. Stickney, R. R. 1984. Estuarine ecology of the
Southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico.       259. Sykes, J. E., and J. H. Finucane. 1965-66.
Tex. A & M Univ., College Station.                       Occurrence in Tampa Bay, Florida, of immature
                                                         species dominant in Gulf of Mexico commercial
248. Subrahmanyham, D. G. and S. H. Drake.               fisheries. Fish. Bull., U. S. 65: 369-379.
1975. Studies on the animal communities in two
north Florida salt marshes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 25: 445-     260. Tabb, D. C., D. L. Dubrow, and R. B. Manning.
465.                                                     1962. The ecology of northern Florida Bay and
                                                         adjacent estuaries. Fla. State Board Cons. Tech.
249. Subrahmanyham, D. G. and C. L. Coultas.             Ser. 39. 81 p.
1980. Studies on the animal communities in two
north Florida salt marshes. Part ill. Seasonalfluctu-     261. Tabb, D. C., and R. B. Manning. 1961. A
ations of fish and macroinvertebrates. Bull. Mar. Sci.   Checklist of the flora and fauna of northern Florida
30: 790-818.                                             Bay and the adjacent brackish waters of the Florida
                                                         mainland collected during the period July, 1957
250. Sutherland, D. E. 1977. Catch and catch rates       through September, 1960. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Carib.
of fishes caught by anglers in St. Andrews Bay           11:532-649.

                                                    103






                                                                      Appendix 7, continued. References
262. Tagatz, M. E. 1973. A larval tarpon, Megalops      273. Trent, L., and P. J. Pristas. 1977. Selectivityof
atlanticus, from Pensacola, Florida . Copeia 1973:      gill nets on estuarine and coastal fishes from St.
140-141.                                                Andrew Bay, Florida. Fish. Bull., U. S. 75: 185-198.

263. Tagatz, M. E., and E. P. H. Wilkens. 1973.         274. Tucker, W. H. 1979. Freshwater fish and fish-
Seasonal occurrence of young gulf menhaden and          eries resources of the Mobile Delta. InH.A. Loyacano
otherfishes in a northwestern Florida estuary. NOAA     Jr., and J.P. Smith, (editors), Symposium on the
Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-672.                                natural resources of the Mobile estuary, Alabama, p.
                                                         157-166. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile.
264. Tatum, W. M. 1979. The blue crab fishery of
Alabama. In H. A. Loyacano, Jr. and J. P. Smith          275. Turner, W. R. 1969. Life history of menhaden
(editors), Symposium on the natural resources of the    in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 211-220. U. S. Army         98: 216-224.
Corps of Engineers, Mobile.
                                                         276. Van Den Avyle, M. J., and D. L. Fowler. 1984.
265. Thayer, G. W., D. R. Colby, and W. F. Hettler,      Species profiles: life histories and environmental
Jr. 1987a. Utilization of the red mangrove prop root     requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates
habitat by fishes in south Florida. Mar. Ecol. Prog.    (South Atlantic)--blue crab. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv.
Ser. 36: 25-38.                                          FWS/OBS-82111.19.

266. Thayer, G. W.,,W. F. Hettler, Jr., A. J. Chester,   277. Vaughan, D. S. 1987. Stock Assessment of
D. R. Colby, P. J. McElhaney. 1987b. Distribution       the gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, fishery.
and abundance of fish communities among selected         NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 58.
estuarine and marine habitats in Everglades Na-
tional Park. S. Fla. Res. Cent. Rep. SFRC-87/02.         278. Vick, N. G. 1964. The marine ichthyofauna of
166 p.                                                  St. Andrew Bay, Florida, and nearshore habitats of
                                                         the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Texas A&M Univ.
267. Thayer, G. W., and A. J. Chester. 1989. Distri-     Res. Found., A&M Project 286-D.
bution and abundance of fishes among basin and
channel habitats in Florida Bay. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44:     279. Vittor, B. A. 1979. Benthos of the Mobile Bay
200-219.                                                 estuary. In H. A. Loyacano, Jr. and J. P. Smith
                                                         (editors), Symposium on the natural resources of the
268. Thompson, R. L. 1983. The distribution and          Mobile estuary, Alabama, p. 143-149. U. S. Army
abundance of fishes caught with a trawl in Choc-         Corps of Engineers, Mobile.
tawhatchee Bay, Florida. Northwest Florida Water
Management District, Water Resources Special             280. Volpe,A. V. 1959.Aspectsofthe biologyof the
Report 83-5.                                            common snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch)
                                                         of southwest Florida. Fla. Board Cons. Mar. Res.
269. Thomson,J.M.1966.Thegreymullets. Ocean-             Lab. Tech Ser. 31. 37 p.
ogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 4: 301-335.
                                                         281. Wade, R. A. 1962. The biology of the tarpon,
270. Thue, E. B., E. S. Rutherford, and D. G. Buker.     Megalops atlanticus, and the ox-eye, Megalops cyp-
1982. Age, growth and mortality of the common            rinodes, with emphasis on larval development. Bull.
snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch), in Ever-         Mar. Sci. 13:545-622.
glades National Park, Florida. NPS/SFRC. Report T-
683.                                                     282. Wade, C. W. 1979. A summary of information
                                                         pertinent to the Mobile Bay recreational finfishery
271. Tolley, S. G., E. T. Dohner, and E. B. Peebles.     and a review of the spotted seatrout life history. In H.
1987. Occurrence of larval snook, Centropomus           A. Loyacano, Jr. and J. P. Smith (editors), Sympo-
undecimalis (Bloch), in Naples Bay, Florida. Florida     sium on the natural resources of the Mobile estuary,
Scient. 50: 34-38.                                       Alabama, p. 177-183. U. S. Army Corps of Engi-
                                                         neers, Mobile.
272. Topp, R. W. and F. H. Hoff, Jr. 1972. Flatfishes
(Pleuronectiformes). Memoirs of the Hourglass            283. Wang, J. C. S., and E. C. Raney. 1971. Distri-
Cruises, Vol. 4, Part II. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res. Mar. Res.  bution and fluctuations in the fish fauna of the Char-
Lab. St. Petersburg, Fla.                                lotte Harbor estuary, Florida. Mote Marine Labora-
                                                         tory, Sarasota, Florida.

                                                   104





                                                                      Appendix 7, continued. References

284. Wass, M. L. 1955. The decapod crustaceans           295. Yokel, B. 1966. A contribution to the biology
of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of        anddistribution of the reddrum Sciaenopsocellatus.
northwestern Florida. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 18: 129-     M. S. Thesis, Univ. Miami, Coral Gables, Fla. 166 p.
175.
                                                         295.1 Young, W. T., G. L. Butts, L. W. Donelon, and
285. Weinstein, M. P., C. M. Courtney, and J. C.         D. H. Ray. 1988. A special monitoring project basin
Kinch. 1977. The Marco Island estuary: a summary         survey- biological and physicochemical assessment
of physic-ochemical and biological parameters. Fla.      of St. Andrew Bay estuaries 1986-1987. Florida
Sci. 40: 97-124.                                         Department of Environmental Regulation, North-
                                                         west District, Pensacola.
286. Weinstein, M. P., and R. W. Yerger. 1976.
Electrophoretic investigation of subpopulations of       296. Young, W. T., and R. W. Cantrell. 1972. Bio-
the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus(Cuvier),       logical survey report: Eleven Mile Creek - Perdido
in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast of Florida.     Bay. Florida Department of Environmental Regula-
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 54B: 97-102.                     tion, Northwest Region, Pensacola.

287. Weiss, W. R., and T. D. Phillips. 1985. The         297. Zieman, J. C. 1982. The ecology of the
meroplankton of Tampa Bay. In S.F. Treat, J.L.           seagrasses of south Florida: community profile. U.S.
Simon, R.R. Lewis II, R. L. Whitman, Jr., (editors),     Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-82/25.
Proceedings Tampa Bay Area Scientific Information
Symposium, p. 345-358. Fla. Sea Grant Coill. Rep.        298. Zilberberg, M. H. 1966. Seasonal occurrence
65.                                                      of fishes in a coastal marsh of northwest Florida.
                                                         Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 11: 126-134.
288. White, M. L., and M. E. Chittenden, Jr. 1977.
Age determination, reproduction, and population
dynamics of the Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias
pogonias. Fish. Bull., U. S. 75: 109-123.

289. Williams, A. B. 1984. Shrimp, lobsters, and
crabs of the Atlantic coast of the eastern United
States, Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution
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290. Williams, E. H. Jr., and J. L. Gaines, Jr. 1974.
Acanthocephala of fishes from marine and brackish
waters of the Mobile Bay region. J. Mar. Sci. 2: 135-
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291. Williams, L. W. 1983. Larvalfish assemblages
of lower Mobile Bay. Unpubl. M. S. Thesis, Univ. S.
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292. Wolfe, S., and L. Wolfe. 1985. The ecology of
the Suwannee River estuary: analysis of data from
1982-1983. Florida Department of Environmental
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293. Yerger, R. W. 1961. Additional records of
marine fishes from Alligator Harbor, Florida and
vicinity. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 24:111-116.

294. Yerger, R. W. 1977. Fishes of the Apalachicola
River. In R.J. Livingston and E.A. Joyce, Jr., (edi-
tors), Proceedings of the Conference on the
Apalachicola Drainage System, 23-24 April 1976,
Gainesville, Florida, p. 22-33. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res.
Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser.. 26.

                                                   105














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