[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



I




























                                Grant No. NA170ZO497-01



                                        Task 14











                                 Targeted Watershed Project: Implementation Monitoring


                                                     FINAL DATA REPORT



                            (A Report to the Maryland Coastal Zone Management Program
                                         in accordance with Contract # C286-92-005)


                                                                           30                           0


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                                                                                                N C     DE
                                       %I                                          GERMAN BRANCH
                                                          SAW MILL  CREEK
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                                                                     50                         Caroline
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                                            Maryland Targeted Watershed Project

                                                   Tidewater Administration



                                                             July 1993










                                               ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



              Funding for this project was provided in part by the Coastal and Watershed Resources
              Division, Tidewater Administration, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, through
              the Coastal Zone Management Program Implementation Grant from the Office of Ocean
              and Coastal Resources Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.


              This report was prepared by the staff of the Targeted Watershed Program at the Maryland
              Department of Natural Resources: Stuart Lehman, Doug Marshall, Mike Haddaway, and
              Michele Katz. Assistance with data collection was received from Larry Lubbers and Ken
              Yetman from DNR's Watershed Impact Evaluation Program. Jeff Opel, the District
              Manager of the Queen Anne's County Soil Conservation District, assisted the data collection
              effort in German Branch. Dr. Peter Lade of Salisbury State University and Fred
              Schenerman at DNR assisted this project with computer mapping of land use practices and
              water quality data. The Maryland Environmental Service's Cece Donovan and Chesapeak6
              Biological Laboratory's Carl Zimmerman helped conduct the water chemistry analyses.
              Dr. Thomas Jordan of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center and John McCoy
              of the Maryland Department of the Environment assisted with the development of the
              sampling strategy and supplied flow data for German Branch.





              TABLES                               CONTENTS                                   iii

              FIGURES                                                                         iv

              INTRODUCTION                                                                     1

              METHODS                                                                          4

              RESULTS AND DISCUSSION                                                          12

                    Nitrate and Ammonia in German Branch                                      12

                    Toxic Metals and Organics Monitoring

                           in Sawmill Creek                                                   18
                    Storm sampling in Sawmill Creek's
                           Muddy Bridge Branch                                                32
              RECOMMENDATIONS                                                                 58

                    German Branch                                                             58

                    Sawmill Creek                                                             58

              REFERENCES                                                                      60

              APPENDICES
                    Appendix A. Example of adjustment calculation for
                            Station 28 on 8/11/93                                             61
                    Appendix B. Maps of Muddy Bridge Branch and Sawmill
                            Creek showing areas of where restoration
                            projects are underway                                             62
                    Appendix C. Report by Larry Lubbers, MDNR on the
                            laboratory and field studies on aircraft
                            de-icers at BWI airport                                           63














                                                         TABLES



               Table 1.      Methods - Nutrient Analytical Services Laboratory (CBL)                   6
               Table 2.      Methods - Martel Laboratory Services, Inc.                                7
               Table 3.      Sawmill Creek Synoptic Survey Stations and type of sample

                               taken                                                                 11
               Table 4.      Concentration of nitrogen compounds found in German Branch
                               in synoptic surveys                                                   13
               Tables 5-14. Concentration of total metals found in Sawmill Creek on 3/29/93 -
                               and in samples taken in 1991                                        19-24
               Tables 15-17. Concentrations of toxic organic compounds found in
                               Sawmill Creek                                                       25-27
               Table 18.     Concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons near printing
                               company                                                               28
               Table 19.     Fecal coliform concentrations on March 11, 1993                         29
               Table 20.     Results of Hydrolab measurements on March 29, 1993                      30
               Table 21.     Results of Hydrolab measurements on March 11,       1993                31
               Table 22.     Results of suspended solids and nutrient tests in over the study
                               period at Eastern Street                                              33
               Table 23.     Results of glycol tests in winter of 1992-3                             44










                                                          FIGURES



                Figure 1.     Station locations and watershed boundaries for synoptic
                                sampling in German Branch                                                    9
                Figure 2.     Watershed boundary of Sawmill Creek and       station locations
                                for toxics sampling                                                        10
                Figure 3.     German Branch: average concentration of nitrate + nitrite
                                nitrogen                                                                   14
                Figure 4.     German Branch: concentration of nitrate + nitrite adjusted
                                for watershed area                                                         15
                Figure 5.     Location of sewage sludge application sites in German
                                Branch active in 1990/92                                                   17
                Figure 6-8.   Total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus
                                concentrations and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                                Sawmill Creek for 11/12/92 storm                                       34-36
                Figure 9-11. Total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus
                                concentrations and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                                Sawmill Creek for 12/10/92 storm                                       38-40
                Figure 12-14. Total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total
                                phosphorus concentrations and flow record in Muddy
                                Bridge Branch of Sawmill Creek for 1/9-10/93 storm                     41-43
                Figure 15-17. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations, loadings, and
                                rainfall for the winter storm starting on 2/12/93                      45-47
                Figure 18-20. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations, loadings, and
                                rainfall for the winter storm starting on 2/16/93                      48-50
                Figure 21-23. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations, loadings, and
                                rainfall for the winter storm starting on 3/13/93,                     52-54
                Figure 24-26. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations, loadings, and
                                rainfall for the winter storm starting on 3/15/93                      55-57



                                                             iv










                                                  INTRODUCTION



              The Targeted Watershed Project is a multi-agency, state initiative to improve water
              quality and restore living resources in several key tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay.
              The Targeted Watersheds are all stream basins which are either threatened by
              degradation from urbanization or contribute a disproportionately high level of nutrients
              to the Chesapeake Bay from agricultural non-point sources. The watersheds are similar
              in size and small enough that measurable results are expected from implementation of
              an array of non-point source pollution controls actions.


              The Targeted Watershed Project provides an opportunity for Chesapeake Bay managers
              to develop, demonstrate and evaluate a coordinated approach to improving water quality
              and the habitat conditions for living resources. Through the implementation of various
              Bay cleanup activities in the targeted watersheds, the project will demonstrate and help
              evaluate the effectiveness of a number of the Chesapeake Bay Agreement commitments
              including the 40% reduction goal for control of excess nutrients.


              Four small Maryland watersheds, which drain into the Chesapeake Bay, have monitoring
              and restoration efforts underway. Monitoring has been conducted in these "Targeted
              Watersheds for over three years in German Branch, and Sawmill Creek. German Branch
              is located in Queen Anne's County and Sawmill Creek is located Anne Arundel County.
              German Branch drains mostly cropland on the Eastern Shore and Sawmill Creek flows
              through a commercial and residential area near Baltimore. This monitoring project,
              called "implementation monitoring", was focussed on these two watersheds to test a
              several monitoring techniques. These techniques included synoptic (same day) basin-
              wide sampling for toxics and nutrients and fully automated storm sampling. The water
              quality parameters tested were chosen to help project managers target pollution control
              programs to specific problem sites.








               Objectives of '1=1ementation Monitoring':
               The term "implementation monitoring", in this project refers to the water testing which is
               done in specific locations to either identify pollutant sources or to determine whether
               control actions are being effective. As problems are identified, action by the
               implementation team of the Targeted Watersheds will f    ocus regulatory attention and
               agricultural incentive programs towards resolving them.


               Three monitoring initiatives were carried out in this project:


               1. Nitrate and Ammonia in German Branch - This initiative involved watershed-wide
               sampling of stream water for nitrogen compounds during base flow during three *seasons
               at multiple stations throughout this watershed. Samples were collected by two teams of
               biologists at 31 road crossings throughout the watershed during approximately a two hour
               period. The purpose was to determine tributaries of the watershed which are discharging
               disproportionately high levels of nutrients so that control programs could be targeted in
               particular sub-watersheds to deal with them.


               2. Toxic metals, toxic organics, and fecal coliform. monitoring in Sawmill Creek - Water
               from some reaches and tributaries of Sawmill Creek was found to have detrimental
               impacts to organisms when tested in bioassay experiments in 1990 (Marshall et al. 1992)
               (Hartwell et al. 1993). These earlier tests also showed higher toxicity during storm
               events. The main purpose of this sampling initiative was to determine if identifiable
               toxic pollutants were present in these and other tributaries. Additional stations near
               potential sources of contamination were also sampled.


               Fecal coliform. tests in previous studies also indicated higher concentrations during
               storms than during dry weather in previous studies. In storms, results exceeded the
               quantifiable level of 1600 MPN/100 ml of the method (Marshall et al. 1991). For this
               initiative, samples were taken at several locations in the watershed for fecal coliforms on
               the day after a rain event.








             3. Storm saWling in Sawmill Creek's Muddy Bridge Branc - An automated sampler
             was purchased to collect samples during storms in Muddy Bridge Branch. This branch is
             the site of several stream restoration projects. 'Ibis initiative had two components: to
             capture any airport de-icers (glycols) that may be flowing off the grounds of
             Baltimore/Washington International Airport (BWI) during ice and snow storms, the
             other, to collect baseline data on suspended solids and nutrients prior to the construction
             of restoration projects designed to minimize habitat-damaging high storm flows. The
             information gained from this sampling will be compared to results from future sampling
             to track restoration progress and guide implementation.

































                                                        3










                                                      METHODS



               SamRle Collection Methods


               German Branch Synoplics - Sampling was conducted at 31 stations in the watershed
               during dry periods (atleast 3 days of no rain prior to sampling) on 4/9/92, 9/11/92, and
               12/15/92. Low flow swnples were taken to estimate the groundwater contribution to
               stream flows. Samples were collected using a syringe, with a syringe-mounted, 0.45 ji
               pore size (Gelman Gf/C) filter, and placed in 50 ml bottles. Bottles were stored on ice
               and transported to the laboratory on the day of collection. The filtered samples were
               analyzed by the Nutrient Analytical Services Laboratory at the University of Maryland's
               Chesapeake Biological Laboratory for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N03, N021 NH4)'


               Sawmill Creek Toxics and Fecals - Samples were collected by DNR biologists on 3/11/93
               and 3/29/93. On 3/11/93 samples were taken for fecal coliforms and the group of non-'
               halogenated aromatic compounds (ethylbenzene, total xylenes, benzene, and toluene).
               On this date rain occurred a couple days prior, however not on the day of sampling. On
               3/29/93 samples were collected for metals, phenols, and organic priority pollutants.
               Samples were taken midstream to get representative samples and no rin  ses were made
               (so that preservatives for metals were retained in the bottles and to avoid concentrating
               organics in the surface film inside the sample bottles). Field water quality measurements
               were made for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity with a Hydrolab
               Datasonde III at the time that toxic and fecal samples were taken in Sawmill Creek. A
               contracting laboratory, Martel Inc., conducted fecal coliform, metals and organics
               analyses. All analyses were conducted according to published, standard methods
               acceptable to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).


               Sawmill Creek Glycols, Solids, and Nutrients - Time-composited samples were collected
               with an ISCO, Inc. model 3700 automated sampler coupled with a model 3230 flow
               meter. Ile automated sampler was programmed and bottles were iced when the chance

                                                          4








              of precipitation was forecasted at 50% or greater. At the conclusion of a storm event
              samples were collected. Storm samples for solids and nutrients included both whole
              water and filtered samples. Filtered samples were taken using a syringe-mounted, 0.45,u
              pore size (Gelman GF/C) filter. Ile filtered sample was analyzed by the Nutrient
              Analytical Services Laboratory at the University of Maryland's Chesapeake Biological
              Laboratory (CBL) for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N03, N02, NH4), and dissolved
              inorganic phosphorus (PO4). An unfiltered aliquot was analyzed for total suspended
              solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus by the same laboratory. Samples of
              suspended solids and nutrients were collected in 250 ml and 500 ml, polyethylene bottles,
              transported on ice, frozen in the DNR lab and McPherson Ct. and taken to CBL with
              routine samples. Samples of glycols and other toxics were iced and sent to Martel Inc.
              on the day of collection.


              Laboratory Method


              The Chesapeake Biological Laboratory provided the chemical analysis of nutrients and
              conventional pollutants (for method descriptions, see Table 1). The Maryland
              Environmental Service (MES) provided contractual support for the analysis of toxic
              metals and organics and fecal coliforms through Martel Inc. (Table 2). Both of these
              laboratories use EPA-approved analytical procedures and CBVs methods for nutrients
              also are approved by the EPA Chesapeake Bay Program to measure concentrations
              typically found in the Bay and its tributaries. Both contractors have detailed QA/QC
              plans and have logging procedures which track the handling of the water samples.


              Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (Nutrients and Suspended Solids)


              - Nutrient Analytical Services Laboratory (NASL) at the Chesapeake Biological
              Laboratory - Contact: Carl Zimmerman - (410) 326-7252.




                                                         5









                   Table 1.                      "'M
                                                ............



                   Variable name                      Method Reference

                   Nitrate                            Technicon Industrial Method:
                                                      158-71 W/A EPA. 1979. Chemical
                                                      Analysis of Water and Wastes.
                                                      USEPA-600/4-79-020. Method #353.2.


                   Nitrite                            Technicon Industrial Method:

                                                      158-71 W/A EPA. 1979. Chemical
                                                      Analysis of Water and Wastes.
                                                      USEPA-600/4-79-020. Method #353.2.



                   Ammonium                           Industrial Method 804-86T

                                                      (rechnicon TrAAcs-800. Berthelot
                                                      Reaction)


                   Orthophosphate                     Technicon Method No. 155-71 W/A EPA
                                                      1979. USEPA-600/4-79-020. Method #365.1


                   Total Suspended                    Method #160.2, USEPA, 1979
                   Solids                             EPA 600/4-79-020


                   Total Nitrogen                     Persulfate Oxidation Technique
                                                      D'Elia et al. (1977), Valderama
                                                      (1981); EPA method 353.2, (1979)


                   Total Phosphorus                   Persulfate Oxidation Technique
                                                      D'Elia et al. (1977), Valderama
                                                      (1981); EPA method 353.2, (1979)









                 Martel Labs/Maryland Envirormental Service (Coliforms, Glycols and other To)dcs)


                 - Martel Laboratory Services, Inc. (MLS) - Contact: Paul Jackson - (301) 825-7790.



                 TabIe 2.



                 Variable                         Method Reference
                 Volatile Organic                 EPA Methods 8020, 602, 502.2
                 Compounds (aromatics)            Gas Chromatograph (GC) Purge and Trap
                                                  with PID (photo-ionization detector)


                 Volatile Organic                 EPA Methods 8240,624 - Purge and Trap with
                 Compounds                        GC/Mass Spectrometer (MS)
                 (non-halogenated)


                 Volatile Organic                 EPA Methods 8250, 8270, 625
                 Compounds (Acid and              Purge and trap with GC/MS
                 Base/Neutral Extractable)


                 Total Metals                     EPA 200.7, 206.2, 239.1, 245.1, 270.2



                 Total Phenolics                  EPA 420.2



                 Ethylene and                     Gas Chromatograph with FID (flame-ionization
                 Propylene Glycols                detector) - method pending approval by EPA


                 Fecal Coliforms                  Standard Methods 908, Multiple-tube incubation













                                                                     7










              Station Locations



              Germwt Brwich - Figure 1 shows the location of stations sampled for nitrate + nitrite
              and ammonia. Stations were chosen to provide a broad coverage of the watershed and
              to provide coverage of different types of land use.




              Sawmill Creek - Figure 2 shows the station location for the to.-dcs and fecal coliform
              samples. Station T was the site of the ISCO sampler used as part of the project to
              sample nutrients, glycols, and suspended solids. A flow meter and automated depth gage
              were used by the Watershed Impact Evaluation Program of DNR to collect stream
              discharge data at Station F.


              Table 3 gives precise locations of the sampling stations in Sawmill Creek and the type of
              chemical analyses performed at each on 3/11/93 and 3/29/93.























                                                        8







                GERMAN BRANCH SYNOPTIC STATIONS - DNR










         WATERSHED SOUNDARY                                    4





                                                    7
  SUB-WATERSHED SCUNDARIES


                                             7 7










                                                     17


                                   2C









                                                    2 7



                                              71S





                                                       MAINSTEM OF GERMAN SRANCH




                                                                              N
                                      Scale 1:62500



              Figure 1. Synoptic Survey Stations in German Branch watershed
                                           9










                Figure 2. Sampling stations in the Sawmill Creek watershed


















                                                                              AWNUE


                                                                                L

                      BW1                                       E T
                                                            F    R               K N r2

                                                                     P

                                 WV-cEY ROAD

                                                             4


                                       ........ .... ..... ..... .......

                                ..........
            ROUTE 100 EXr . ............ ........ ............. ...... ............. ... ... .RO,

              ........ .... ........ .... ..





                                           M




                                                                STREAMS

                                                                ROADS AND RUNWAYS

                                                                WATERSHED BOUNDARY
                                                          Z     SYNOPTIC STATIONS



                                                  10












                      Table 3. SAWMILL CREEK SYNOPTIC SURVEY STATIONS



                       Station             Location                                              Fecal Coliforms      Metals(+Phen)        PPOI      VOH



                         A                 Maqinstern, upstream of WB&A Blvd.                     x
                                            and hog farm.
                         B                 Mainstem,  WB&A Blvd.                                x
                         SCI               Maqinstern, @ Queenstown Rd.                           x

                         C                 Trib. @ confluence with mainstern                     x
                                            @ SC2.
                         SC2               Maqinstern on Airport property.                        x
                         SC4               Maqinstem @ Stewart Ave.                               x
                         P                 Maqinstem @ Central Ave.                                                    x                    x
                         Q                  Trib. behind Armory @                                                                                    x

                                            source.

                         R                 Trib. behind Armory @ storm pond                                                                          x

                                            outfall.

                         S                 Trib. behind Armory @ Rt. 648.                        x                    x                    x         x
                         SC5               Mainstern @ Rt. 648.                                  x                    x                    x
                         N                 Storm drain @ SC5.                                    x                    x
                         SC6               Trib., Muddy Bridge Branch @ 8th Ave.                 x                    x                    x

                         T                 Trib. MBB @ Eastern St.                                                                                   x

                         F                 Trib., MBB @ Rt. 3.                                  x                    x                              x

                         E                 MBB trib between Rt. 3 & 648.                         x                    x

                         G                 Trib 9 @ Oakleigh Ave.                                                     x
                         H                 Trib 9 @ Olen Dr. left trib (from road)               x                    x
                                           Trib 9 @ Olen Dr. right trib from road                x                    x
                                           Trib near sta. 9 draining residential                                      x

                                            area on northside of trib. 9.

                         K                 Storm drain @ Wagners Pond (largest                                        x                    x
                                            drain outlet on east side of pond).
                         SC7               Mainstem, @ 8th Ave.                                x

                         L                 Cresthaven trib.@ Cresthaven Dr.                     x                    x

                         SC9               Trib. behind Penrod Ct.                               x                    x                    x
                         SC8               Mainstem, between Crain Hwy. & Rt. 2.                 x
                         W                 Mainstqem, @ Severn Danza Park.
                         SC3               Stewart Ave crossing, tributary                                            x
 








                                            RESULTS AND DISCUSSION



               Nitrate + Nitrite and Ammonia in German Branch


               Many tributaries that were high in N03 + 2 during the first sample period were also high
               during following sample dates indicating that the source of these pollutants were
               relatively steady (Table 4). This might be expected since most of the water feeding the
               streams at these times was mostly of groundwater origin.


               NH4 showed greater changes from season to season than N03+2, for instance, in
               August the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen increased two orders of magnitude at
               Station 13 (highest value recorded) and more than one order at Stations 3, 9, 12, 16, and
               28 from the level measured in April. Station 13 also had the highest recorded N03 + 2
               in the survey. This sub-watershed contains a large ornamental plant nursery which has
               several ponds to collect runoff.


               Figure 3 shows the sub-watersheds of German Branch and the average concentrations of
               N03 + 2 for the three sampling periods. Tributary stations 11, 27, and 31 had the highest
               N03+2 concentrations.



               Figure 4 indicates the estimated concentration of N03 + 2 at various sub-watersheds in
               German Branch after it is adjusted to account for the effect of dilution from any
               upstream area also sampled. This adjustment produces an area-weighted estimate of the
               N03 + 2 concentration. Weighting by watershed area assumes that the contribution of
               the watershed to the stream flow is the same throughout - which may not be the case.
               The adjustment is made only to those sub-watersheds which have an upstream station
               (an example of this estimate method is found in Appendix A). These estimates allow a
               more uniform comparison of the contribution of various parts of the watershed to the
               total nitrate + nitrite discharge. This figure illustrates that large areas of the lower part
               of German Branch watershed contribute high level of nitrate + nitrite during base

                                                          12









                     Table 4. Concentration of nitrogen compounds found in German Branch in synoptic

                     surveys


              N02 + N03 and NH4 DATA FROM SYNOPTIC SAMPLING IN GERMAN BRANCH


              . ..............................................     ... ................. ........................   I.............
              . ... ....................                                   .............
                 Won:     ............. ...
                           ......................
                                                                                              . ... . ... ..
                         ........................                      ........ .... ........                             .........
                                        ......................... .     . . . . ......................             ........

              .....  . .. ... ....
                      ...........
                       .........                                            ...


                       ........                                               ........
                                      0.49                        0.084        ..... . . .    4.8                           3.1
                     2              0.178                         0.084                     0.16                          0.36
                     3              0.023            0.74         0.059                       3.6          0.02           1.31
                     4                0.05           0.07         0.067      ...........    2.38           1.62           2.08
                     5              0.017            0.05         0.044                     5.52           5.39           5.76
                     6              0.005          0.041          0.032                     5.43             5.1               6
                     7              0.005                         0.028                     5.29                          3.95
                     9              0.013          0.881          0.035                     2.33             0.1            1.2
                 10                 0,013          0.053          0.044                       2.5          2.36           2.38
                                    0.017          0.015            0.02                    7.73           6.22           7.49
                 12                 0.003          0.274            0.04                    4.39           8.18           4.23
                 13                 0.007          0.727          0.059                     3.09           9.17           2.88
                 14                 0.006          0.039          0.032                     4.81           5.39           4.82
                 15                   0.01                        0.032                     6.31                          8.05
                 16                 0.005          0.054          0.098                     2.86           4.42           2.23
                 17                 0.019          0.088          0.118                     1.82           1.85           1.51
                 19    ........     0.121          0.534          0.222                     2.27           0.87           1.84
                 20                 0.028          0.071          0.228           ....      2.61           4.52           2.76
              -21                   0.013                         0.034                     4.45                          1.64
                 22                 0.018                         0.074                     0.04                          0.53
                 23                   0.11                                  ...             0.04
                 24                 0.004          0.021          0.014                     3.99           3.92           3.86
                 25                 0.009          0.068          0.022                     3.03           3.97             2.9
                 26                 0.048
                                                                                            0.05
                 27                 0.016          0.063          0.037
                                                                                            8.46           5.83           7.17
                 28
                                    0.005            0.09         0.044                     5.45           4.08           4.82
                 29                 0.019          0.043          0.026                     0.69           0.11           0.46
                 30                   0.08
                                                                                            2.89
              -31                   0.006                         0.048                     8.66                          7.28



                                                                                     13






                GERMAN BRANCH SYNOPTIC STATIONS                      DNR

                              NITRATE AND NITRITE NITROGEN







                                                           2







                                   9                      4





                                                   6



                                                7
                                   10




                                       13




                                       12


                                             16

                                                           is
                             22
                                 20



                                     21        24.




                                           28


          Averacie N + N

            > 5 mg/I < 6 mg/I  30

              6 mg/I <7 mg/I

                                                                        t
         ,U--*> 7 mg/I                                                  N

                                      Scale 1:62500


         Figure 4. German Branch: average concentration of nitrate     nitrite
                     nitrogen
                                           14






              GERMAN BRANCH SYNOPTIC STATIONS                       DNR

                             NITRATE AND NITRITE NITROGEN
                      (Concentrations adjusted to take into account dilution)




                                                          2






                                                        4









                                              7













                                                17        is
                           22  20


                                       10          2 5
                                             24.
                                   21




            Adjusted
         Average NO
                 --3

           > 5 mgll < 6 mg/I

             6 mg/I < 7 mgll
                                                                       t
        10-> 7 mgll                                                    N

                                    Scale 1:62500


        Figure 4. German Branch: adjusted concentration of nitrate      nitrite
                   nitrogen

                                           15








              flow. Station 13 produced the highest adjusted level of nitrate + nitrite per watershed
              area at 36.4 mg/l. This level is much higher than that expected from agricultural land.


              Previous monitoring in German Branch's mainstem indicated a mean concentration of
              3.27 mg/l at base flow (Haddaway et al. 1992). This new monitoring shows that of parts
              the watershed (about 115 of the area) are producing concentrations of nitrate and nitrite
              (the predominant form of nitrogen compounds) which are more-than double the
              concentrations of the mainstem.



              In January 1993, sludge disposal was identified by a state delegate as a potential source
              of concentrated nitrate-nitrogen to area streams which warranted further regulation. Our
              sampling results were compared to the location of sludge application sites. Figure 5
              shows areas in the German Branch watershed where sludge had been applied in 1990-92
              (note that these areas do not match up well with the previous figure showing high
              N03 + 2 in the watershed). These findings were presented to the delegate with the
              explanation that sludge application alone could not account for the nitrogen levels which
              were found in these surveys during low flow periods. Some of these areas were primarily
              agricultural land using commercial fertilizers.


              At Station 19, N03 + 2 was lower than its upstream stations on all three sampling events.
              This may be due to the effect of two ponds that lie directly upstream of this station.
              Ammonia nitrogen levels are higher at this station, which one might expect if oxygen
              levels are low in these ponds, however they do not account for all of the missing nitrate.
              One possible explanation is that some denitrification of ammonia is occurring and
              releasing gaseous nitrogen compounds to the atmosphere. These ponds also may be
              losing some of the inorganic nitrogen to groundwater. Monitoring of this pond system
              could produce useful information on the nitrogen removal potential of farm ponds.





                                                        16






                GERMAN BRANCH SYNOPTIC STATIONS                      DNR

                              SLUDGE SITES (Applied 1990-1992)









                                                          4


                                                  6@

                                               7















                                                 17

                            22



                             23               24i
                                    21






                                           28
          Application Years

           IP1990
                               30
                                           31
              1991


              1990 & 1991

                                                                        N
           JW,1 992                  Scale 1:62500


          Figure 5. Location of sewage sludge application sites active in 1990-92


                                          17










              Toxic Metals and Organics MonitorinQ in Sawmill Cr


              Tables 5 through 14 show the concentrations of metals collected in our survey of 3/29/93
              and the results of previous analyses collected by the Targeted Watershed Program staff
              in 1991 for comparison. Previous samples were taken during baseflow conditions.
              Samples collected on 3/29/93 were taken during the beginning of a rainfall event.
              Although higher concentrations would be expected during such an event, the results were
              not appreciably higher. In general, most of the stations sampled did not have many
              metals at detectable levels. Included in these tables are criteria levels for metals from
              various sources including Maryland's water quality standards from the Code of Maryland
              Regulations, proposed EPA water quality criteria, and promulgated EPA water quality
              criteria. Determining whether these guidelines are actually being met would require
              more intensive sampling, however, they can be used as a general indicator of the relative
              magnitude of our.results. In general, only zinc and copper exceeded criteria levels on
              several occasions. Both of these metals are used extensively in commercial and
              residential areas. Both are also found as a fossil fuel combustion byproducts and are
              ubiquitous in their distribution due to transportation emissions and atmospheric fall out.
              Station K had the highest level of zinc and the greatest number of detected metals. This
              station also had the greatest number of detectable organics. The area above Station K is
              part of an extensively developed transportation corridor (Route 2 - Ritchie Highway).


              Tables 15 through 17 show the concentration of organic compounds collected in the
              survey of March 11, 1993. Only Station K had compounds at detectable levels. Station
              K, mentioned above, is located at a storm drain on the east side of Wagner's Pond. The
              water trickling out of this storm drain was dark and scummy at the time of sampling.
              Nine separate organic chemicals were found at this station at levels above the detection
              limits. Total phenols were also detected at 0.030 mg/l.


              Of these compounds, phenanthrene exceeded a known criterion value. The proposed



                                                          18










                                                                                                           METALS DATA


                                                                                                         SAWMILL CREEK


                                                                                                                      (in mg/1)                                                                                         0



                                                                                                                 March 29,1993
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        r+
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0
                                                                                                                                      ............   ......                                ..........
                                                                                                                            .. ...      ... ......   ... .... ..    .......                                             0


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0
                              Antimom o.i                                                                                                                                           0. a            0. a
                              @r-senic o.ol                                                                                                                                         0.36            0.19
                              Beryllium 0.01                                                                                                                                        o. b            o. b
                              Cadmiu      0.01                                                                                                                                      0.0039          0. G
                              Chrornlu    0.01                                  0.02                                                                                                o. d            o. d
                              Copper      o.ol                                  0.03                                                                 0.02                  0.01     0.018           0.012
                              Lead        0.02                                  0.11                               0.04                                                             0.082           0.0032
                              Mercury     0.0005       0.0002                 0.0003 0.0002                       0.0002     0.0002                 0.0003                          0.0024          0.000012
                              Nickel -    0.02                                                                                                                                      1.4             0.16
                              Selenium 0.01
                                                                                                                                                                                    0.020           0.005
                              Silver      0.01                                                                                                                                      0.0041          0.00012
                              Thallium    0.1                                                                                                                                       1. b            0. b
                              Zinc        0.01          0.07        0.06        0.36       0.04        0.06        0.14       0.06        0.19       0.10       0.12       0.08     0.12            0.11



                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0



                                                                                                                                                                                                                        N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        110

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1@0










                Table 6-7. Concentration of total metals found in Sawmill Creek stations 1 & 2

            Station 1    on mg/D


                                                                                                  ......................

                                  . ...................... ............................................
                                                                               ................................................
                                       ..... .....              .... ...........

                   .......  .....     .............  ....                                 ...     .......        ....
                                                                     ...... ........... ...... .......... ..........I......


            Antimony     0.1                                                                0.088  a       0.030 a
            Arsenic      0.01                                                      ---      0.36           0.19
            Beryllium    0.01              0.01         0.01          0.01         ---      0,13   b    0.0053   b
            Cadmium      0.01                                                      ---      0.0039      0.0011   C
            Chromium     0.01              0.05         0.04          0.02                  0.05   d       0.05  d
            Copper       0.01              0.02         0.01          0.02         ---      0.018          0.012
            Lead         10.02             0.03                       0.05         ---      0.082       0.0032
            Mercury      0.0005                                     0.0007         ---      0.0024     0.000012
            Nickel       0.02                                         0.02         ...        1.4          0.16
            Selenium     0.01                                                      ---      0.020          0.005
            Silver       0.01                                         0.02         ---      0.0041     0.00012
            Thallium     0.1                                                       ---        1.4  b       0.040 b
            Zinc         0.01              0.05         0.03          0.03                  0.12           0.11




            Station 2    (in rng/D
            ::T          ...............        ........  ........................ . ...... .. .....
            ... ...... ..
               I............... ... .....
            ... ............................ .............................              .........................................
                                                                                               .............. .......
                                     ................                                       -A@
                                                                                                  ............
                                                                      ................         ...................... .
                                                                       ......  .......
                         .. ...........    .16
            . ............................           .
                                                   .................. ........................... ...................... ....


            Antimony     0.1                                                       ---      0.088  a       0.030 a
            Arsenic      0.01                                                      ---      0.36           0.19
            Beryllium    0.01              0.01         0.01          0.01         ---      0.13   b    0.0053   b
            Cadmium      0.01              0.01                                    ---      0.0039      O.Ooll   c
            Chromium     0.01              0.05         0.07          0.02         ...      0.05   d       0.05  d
            Copper       0.01              0.02                       0.01         ...      0.018          0.012
            Lead         0.02                                                      ---      0.082       0.0032
            Mercury      o.ooos                                      0.001         ---      0.0024    0.000012
            Nickel       0.02              0.02         0.05                       ---        1.4          0.16
            Selenium     0.01                                                      ---      0.020          0.005
            Silver       0.01                                                               0.0041     0.00012
                         0.1                                                                  1.4  b       0.040 b
                         0.01              0.04         0.03          0-.02F----            0.12           -0.11
            [
            L
            M
            N
            S,
            Si


            Zi

































                                                                    20









                      Table 8-9. Concentration of total metals found in Sawmill Creek stations 3 & 4

                 Station 3 (in mgM


                 .................................... .................................................................................
                 .. ... ......... .... ...... .......  .... ....       .............. ..    ......  .. .. .......................... .... ..

                                                                                            ......    . ................................
                 .T
                      .................. I .....................................   ... ..................       ... . ............ ... .....
                 ... ..   . .....
                 :,M6.t&.                             su . .. .....  . . ... .....
                          ............   . .........         ......................     ........              ................................


                 Antimony       0.1                                                                             0.088     a      0.030      a
                 Arsenic        0.01                                                                              0.36             0.19
                 Beryllium      0.01                                   0.01             ---                       0,13    b      0.0053     b
                 Cadmium        0.01                                                                            0.0039           0.0011
                 Chromium       0.01                  0.06             0.05             ---                       0.05    d        0.05
                 Copper         0.01                  0.02                              ---          0.04       0.018            0.012
                 Lead           0.02                                                                            0.082            0.0032
                 Mercury        10.0005                              0.008                                      0.0024        0.000012
                 Nickel         0.02                  0.02                                                         1.4             0.16
                 Selenium       0.01                                                                            0.020            0.005
                 Silver         0.01                  0.01                                                      0.0041         0.00012
                 Thalliurn      0.1                                                                                1.4    b      0.040      b
                 IZinc      __j 0.01                  0.03             0.03             ---          0.08       1 0.12             0.11

                 Station 4      @n mgM


                                     ..............................  ...............................................
                                                                                 . .... .....                      ........
                                                                 51  ..............6                                             ..............
                 .. . .........                                                             .. ....
                 . ...................................... ........

                                             ............
                                                                                                                                       h1c:


                 Antimony       0.1                                                                   ---       0.088     a      0.030      a
                 Arsenic        0.01                                                                  ---         0.36             0.19
                 Beryllium      0.01                  0.01             0.01           0.01            ---         0.13    b      0.0053     b
                 Cadmium        0.01                    *               *                             ---       0.0039           0.0011     c
                 Chromium       0.01                  0.06            0.05            0.02            ---         0.05    d        0.05     d
                 Copper         0.01                  0.01                            0.01            ---       0.018            0.012
                 Lead           0.02                  0.03                                            ---       0.082            0.0032
                 Mercury        0.0005                                              0.0012            ---       0.0024        0.000012
                 Nickel         0.02                  0.03                                            ---          1.4             0.16
                 Selenium       0.01                                                                  ---       0.020            0.005
                 Silver         0.01                                                                  ---       0.0041         0.00012
                 Thallium       0.1                                                                                   4   b      0.040 b
                                                                      0.09
                 lZinc             1                  0.06                            0.06                        0.12             0.11




                                                                                      21










                    Table 10-11. Concentration of total metals found in Sawmill Creek stations 5 & 6


              Station 5 On mg/o
              ..............   ......................  .............. I .................................................................
              .. ..................... .. ...... ................     .................   .......    . . ............. .. .................

                                                               ................              ................. ............ ... .................
              ................................................................      ................. ....................................
                                  . ...........
                                                        ..................        ..... ....... .... .....................................
                                                          ::::::::::::R U ....
                                     ............      ft             '.ft .....
                                                        . ......  00                      ........                            Cb


              Antimony        0.1                                                                             0.088     a       0.030     a
              Arsenic         0.01                                                                              0.36             0.19
              Beryllium       0.01                  0.01            0.01            0.01                        0.13    b     0.0053      b
              Cadmium         0.01                                                                            0.0039          0.0011      C
              Chromium        0.01                  0.05            0.04            0.03                        0.05    d        0.05     d
              Copper          0.01                  0.01                            0.02                      0.018             0.012
              Lead            0.02                  0.05                            0.02                      0.082           0.0032
              Mercury         0.0005                                0.005         0.0008         0.0002       0.0024        0.000012
              Nickel          0.02                                                                               1.4             0.16
              Selenium        0.01                                                                            0.020             0.005
              Silver          0.01                                                  0.02                      0.0041        0.00012
              Thallium        0.1                                                                                1.4    b       0.040 b
              ,Zinc           0.01                  0.03            0.02            0.02           0.05         0.12             0.11

              Station 6       On ma/1)



                                                          .....           ......                                        ...................
                                                                                                             ..............        ........
              .........................................................   I ...............................   ..............................
                 .......................        ........     ......................... ...........
                  ..............................                                                          .....                  ..
                     s  .......      . . .....                                                                                  hr
                                                   ..........................
                                                                                                                                 ...........


              Antimony        0.1                                                                             0.088     a       0.030     a
              Arsenic         0.01                                                                              0.36             0.19
              Beryllium       0.01                  0.01            0.01            0.01                        0.13    b     0.0053      b
              Cadmium         0.01                  0.01                                                      0.0039          0.0011      c
              Chromium        0.01                  0.06            0.04            0.02                        0.05    d        0.05     d
              Copper          0.01                  0.02                            0.01                      0.018             0.012
              Lead            0.02                  0.04                                                      0.082           0.0032
              Mercury         0.0005                                              0.0009         0.0002       0.0024        0.000012
              Nickel          0.02                                                                               1.4             0.16
              Selenium        0.01                                                                            0.020             0.005-
              Silver          0.01                                                                            0.0041        0.00012
              Thalliurn       0.1                                                                                1.4    b       0.04) b
              zinc            10.01            1    0.04       1-0.01         1     0.02           0.05         0.12             0.11





                                                                                    22










                      Table 12-13. Concentration of total metals found in Sawmill Creek stations 7 & 8

                SWidn 7 (in mg/O


                ....................   I.....................................................        ........................................
                .. ......... ..    .....   .........................    ..... ...           ..... ... ....... .     .. ............. ........

                       ..... ...                                                            .....            ................................
                ............................................................................................. ..........................
                .................................................... ...........................                                     ..........

                           ...........  .......       ......................   ........           ........                        .........


                ArTbrnony       0.1                                                                             0.088     a       0.030     a
                Arsenic         0.01                                                                   ...        0.36               0.19
                Beryllium       0.01                                  0.01            0.01                        0.13    b     0.0053      b
                Cadmium         0.01                                                                   ...      0.0039          0.0011      c
                Chromium        0.01                  0.06            0.05            0.03             ---        0.05    d          0.05   d
                Copper          0.01                  0.01                            0.02             -        0.018             0.012
                Lead            0.02                                                                   ---      0.082           0.0032
                Mercury         0.0005                                                0.0007           ---      0.0024        0.000012
                Nickel          0.02                                                                   ---          1.4              0.16
                Selenium        0.01                                                                   ---      0.020             0.005
                Silver          0.01                                                  0.03             ---      0.0041         0.00012
                Thallium,       0.1                                                                    ---          1.4   b       0.040 b
                Zinc            0.01                  0.01            0.01            0.01             ---        0.12               0.11


                Station   8     on mgIQ

                ::T                         .......... . .........          .......   ..........
                 .....          ......  ..... ...                                                                   . ...... .. ....
                       ......................................................                                                        .. ....
                       ........        .........                    .....                                ..............  ...............    ...

                                                                                      ........................ ..........................
                                       .............        .....                                                                    .0
                                                 ............      ........ ... ...                                             Ch 6.


                Antimony        0.1                                                                    ---      0.088     a       0.030     a
                Arsenic         0.01                                                                   ---        0.36               0.19
                Beryllium       0.01                  0.01            0.01            0.01                        0.13    b     0.0053      b
                Cadmium         0.01                                                                   ---      0.0039          0.0011      c
                Chromium        0.01                  0.06            0.04            0.02             ---        0.05    d          0.05   d
                Copper          0.01                  0.01                            0.01             ---      0.018             0.012
                Lead            0.02                                                  0.13             ---      0.082           0.0032
                Mercury         0.0005                                0.009           0.0012           ---      0.0024        0.000012
                Nickel          0.02                  0.02                                             ---          1.4              0.16
                Selenium        0.01                                                                   ---      0.020             0.005
                Silver          0.01                                                  0.02             ---      0.0041         0.00012
                Thallium        0.1                                                                    ---          1.4   b       0.040 b
                lZinc           0.01                  0.03t           0.02      1     0.02                        0.12      1        0.11




                                                                                      23









                       Table 14. Concentration of total metals found in Sawmill Creek stations 9

                Station 9 (in mglo


                ................
                ... . ...........
                                                                                                                         ...................
                ::T                                                                                                                . .......
                                                ............               ... . ... . ...    ..... ...      .....     .... ....        .......
                                                                                                                                   ...........
                                                                            ....           .....    SU
                                  ... . .............      . . . ......                      ............  .......


                Antimony        0.1                                                                            0.088     a      0.030     a
                Arsenic         0.01                                                                             0.36              0.19
                Beryllium       0.01                 0.01            0.01            0.01                        oz13    b     0.0 053    b
                Cadmium         0.01                 0.01                                                      0.0039          0.0011     c
                Chromium        0.01                 0.06            0.06            0.01                        0.05    d         0.05   d
                Copper          0.01                 0.01                            0.01           0.04       0.018            0.012
                Lead            0.02                                                                           0.082           0.0032
                Mercury         0.0005                              0.005          0,0005         0.0002       0.0024       0.000012
                Nickel          0.02                 0.02            0.02                                          1.4             0.16
                Selenium        0.01                                                                           0.020            0.005
                Silver          0.01                                                                           0.0041         0.00012
                Thallium        0.1                                                                          1     1.4   bi     0.040     b
                Zinc            0.01                 0.05            0.02            0.03           0.12     1 0.12                0.11











                            Below Detection Limit
                       a    Proposed EPA Standards from Quality Criteria for Water 1992
                       b    Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) from Q-uality Criteria for Water 1992
                       c    Hardness Dependent 100 CaC03
                       d    Maryland Drinking Water Standards 26.08.02
                       ---  Not sampled on this date

                       Entries which are not footnoted are MD WQS 26.08-02











                                                                                   24











                                      Organic Analysis Results for Sawmill Creek
                                   March 11, 1993

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           *A

                                                                                                                             ........................................................                ............

                                                                                                                                                                                                     ......    ......
                                                                                                      ........ . ..
                                           ........... .. .....    @           ........
                                                                                                                          .... ......          ... ......                          ...... .
                                                                                                                                                                                  .. ...... ..                 ... ..... -                 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           9
                                   Chloromethane                          10                                                                      ---       ---                          ---       ---       ---

                                   Bromomethane                           10

                                   Vinyl Chloride                         10                                                                                                                                           ---       ---
                                   Chloroethane                           10                                                                                          ---      ---
                                   Methylene Chloride                     10                                                                                                   ---       ---       ---                                     0  ft
                                   Acetone                                10                                                                      ---       ---

                                   Carbon Disuffide
                                                                          io
                                   1,1 -01chloroethene                    10                                                                      ---       ---                                              ---       ---       ---       0
                                   1, 1 -Dichloroethane                   10                                                                      --- - ---           ---      ---       --- - ---           ---
                                   Trans -1, 2-Dichloroethene             10
                                                                                                                                                                                                   ---       ---       ---       ---

                          W        Chloroform                             10                                                                                                   ---       ---       ---       ---       ---       ---

                                   1,2-Dichloroethane                     10
                                   2-Butanone (MEK)                       10                                                                      ---       ---       ---      ---       ---       ---       ---       ---       ---       0
                                   1,1,1 -TrIchloroethane                 10                                                                                          ---      ---       ---       ---       ---       ---       ---
                                   Carbon Tetrachloride                   10                                                                                                   ---       ---       ---       --- - ---
                                                                                                                                                                                                   ---       --- - ---           ---
                                   Bromodichloromethane                   10

                                   1,2-Dlchloropropane                    10
                                   Cls-1,3-Dichloropropene                10                                                                      ---       ---       ---      ---       ---                 ---       ---       ---
                                   Trichlorcethene                        10                                                                                                                       ---       ---       ---       ---       W
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           P
                                   Benzene                                10                                                                                                                                           ---       ---

                                   Chlorodibromomethane                   10                                                                                          ---      ---       ---                 ---       ---       ---

                                   1. 1, 2-Trichloro ethane               10                                                                      ---       ---       ---                          ---       ---       ---       ---

                                   Bromoform                              10                                                                      ---       ---                                                                  ---
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           CD
                                   4-Methyl-2-pentanone                   10                                                                                                                       ---       ---

                                   2-Hexanone                             10                                                                                                                       ---       ---

                                   1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroet                                                                                                                                           ---       ---       ---       ---











                                Organic Analysis cont
                                ......................................................................          ............................................................................... ...
                                .. ... ... .. ....... .. ..........................        ................. ........ ..............       ..... .  .. .............................     -,--       ......
                                .....................
                                                                                                                                                                                         ..............
                                ........... .........
                                        ..............................                                                                                                           ...... ............. .
                                                                                            .................................................................................................
                                . . . ............................................................ ...           .... ............. ... . .............. ...............................................


                                Tetrachloroethane                  10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0
                                Toluene                            10

                                Chlorobenzene                      10

                                Ethylbenzene                       10
                                Styrene                            10                                                                                                                                               0
                                m-Xylene                           10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0
                                (p + o)-Xylene                     10                                                                                                                             ---      ---
                                N-Nitrosodimethylamine             10                                                               ---     ---                                          ---      ---      ---
                                Sis(2-chloroethyt) ether             1                                                              --- I   ---               ---      ---               ---      ---      ---
                                1,3-Dichlorobenzene                  1                                                              ---     ---                                                                     0

                                Phenolics                          10        0.03

                                1,4-Dichlorobenzene                  1
                                                                                                                                    ---     ---      ---      ---      ---               ---      ---      ---

                        t-j     1,2-Dichlorobenzene                  1
                        CN
                                Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether       10                                                                                                                    ---      ---      ---
                                N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine           2                                                                                                                   ---      ---      ---      0
                                Hexachloroothane                     1                                                                                                                   ---      ---      ---      I
                                Nitrobenzene                         2                                                              ---     ---      ---      ---
                                Isophorone                           1                                                                                        ---      ---      ---
                                Bis(2-chloroelhoxy) methane          1
                                1,2-4-Trichlorobenzene               1                                                              ---     ---
                                Hexachlorocyc lop entadiene
                                2-ChloronapthalenE)                                                                                                                                               ---      ---
                                Dimethyl phthalate                 10                                                                                                                                      --       I:
                                2-6-Dinitratoluene                   I                                                                               ---      ---                                          ---      Q
                                'Acenaphthylene                      1                                                                                                                            --- - ---         0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cl)
                                Acenaphthene                         1         3                                                                                                                                    ov
                                Z4-Dinl1rololuene                    1
                                Diethyl phthalate                    I                                                                                        ---      ---











                                  Organic Analysis cont
                                                                                                                      .......................................................                 ..............................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Cr
                                  ............
                                                                                                             0 S:                                                                                            .........
                                                                        .................    I...................
                                                                                                                                             ............... ..      ..............
                                                    .............................................                                                                  ...................
                                                                                                     .........  ... I...                                    ......                     ........ ........
                                                                     .. ...... ........ ... ..............
                                                                     ::::::u it       X.:
                                                  ...............         .....   ......  ..........            .. .. .... .....       .............      .............................          ............  ..................        -4


                                  4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether               1                                                                                                 ---      ---                 ---       ---      ---
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0
                                  Flourene                                  1         4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Co
                                  N-Nitrosodiphenylamine                    1                                                                                                 ---      ---       ---       ---       ---      ---
                                  1,2-Dipheny[hydrazine
                                  4-Bramophenyl pheny! ether
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         0
                                  Hexachlorobenzene                         2                                                                   ---       ---                                              ---       ---
                                  DI-N-Butyl phthalate                      1                                                                                                                    ---       ---                           0"
                                  Phenanthrene                              1         42                                                        ---       ---                 ---      ---       ---                 ---      ---

                                  Anthracene                                1
                                  Flouranthene                              1         83                                                                                                                             ---      ---        0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         GQ
                                  Benzidine                               10                                                                                                           ---       ---       ---       ---      ---

                                  Pyrene                                    1         44                                                                                               ---       ---       ---       ---      ---
                         W        Butyl benzyl phthalate                    1
                                                                                                                                                                              ---      ---       ---       ---       ---      ---

                                  31s(2-ethy1hexyD phthalate              10                                                                                                  ---      ---
                                  Benzo(a) anthracene                       1            5                                                                                             ---       ---       ---       ---  1              0
                                  Chrysene                                  1         27                                                                                                                             ---      ---
                                  3,3-Dichlorobenzidine-                    2                                                                   ---       ---                          ---       ---       ---       ---      ---
                                  DI-n-octylphthalate                       1                                                                   ---       ---                                              ---       ---      ---
                                  Benzo(b)flouranthene                      1                                                                   ---       ---       -         ---      ---                                    ---        Cal
                                  Benzo(k)flouranthene                      1         95                                                        ---       ---       -                  ---       ---       ---       ---      ---
                                  Benzo(a)pyrene                            1         19
                                  Indeno(123cd)pyrene                       2                                                                   ---       ---                                              ---       ---      ---
                                  EDibenz(ah)anthracene                     2                                                                   ---       ---
                                  [Benzo(ghi)pejene                     12 1                                                                    --- ---

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         PV

                                                                              Below Detection Limit
                                                                              Not tested for these parameters








             EPA criterion for protection of freshwater aquatic life is 0.030 mg/l. T'he measurement
             at Station K was 0.042 mg/l. Four of these compounds are considered carcinogenic and
             have criteria values designed to assure protection of humans from contaminated fish
             which are eaten and water which is drunk. Wagner's Pond is rarely fished and is not
             used for water supply, so it is not clear whether such crit eria would apply to storm dr
             entering it. These compounds are of a class called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
             (PAH's) which are widespread in the environment. PAH's originate from fossil fuel
             combustion and natural sources, such as forest fires, and are of concern in developed
             regions of the world.


             Table 18 shows a group of compounds which were identified as possibly present in
             Sawmill Creek surface waters (in parts per billion-ppb), based on the existence of a
             known groundwater contamination site. Solvents, including these compounds, were
             found in the groundwater below an industrial site on B & A Boulevard, next to Route 3,
             in earlier investigations by the Maryland Department of the Environment. The
             monitoring results at Stations R and T for these compounds may indicate that the
             solvents from this spill are reaching the surface waters of Sawmill Creek.




             Table 18.


                                 Compound       d.L.*II Sta. SISta. RSta.T Sta
                                 Benzene        lppb

                                 TouLene        lppb         460     2.2

                                 EthyLbenzene   lppb

                                 Total XyLenes  1/ppbIl      120


                                             detection Limit
                                             (-) denotes below detection limit)


             Fecal coliforms were sampled on 3/11/93 at 18 stations in Sawmill Creek (Table 19).
             Only Station B has a concentration which, if measured routinely over several weeks,

                                                       28









                      Table 19. Fecal coliform concentrations on March 11, 1993

                                                           Fecal Coliform Analysis
                                                                      March 11, 1993
                                                                       (MPN/100ml)


                                              ............................................     ......................
                                               ........ .........   ......................... ...... .. . .. ....
                                                                .........................   ......                 ...
                                                 -S'                                                       , U.    ...
                                                                                                ...............
                                                         1                                                      36
                                                         2                                                    <30-
                                                         4                                                    <30
                                                         5                                                    <30
                                                         6                                                      36
                                                         7                                                    <30
                                                         8                                                      36
                                                         9                                                      91
                                                         A                                                      36
                                                         B                                                    230
                                                         C                                                    <30
                                                         E                                                    <30
                                                         F                                                    < 30
                                                         H                                                    <30
                                                         1                                                    <30
                                                         L                                                    <30
                                                         N                                                      36
                                                         S                                                    <30


























                                                                                     29









                   would be above State criteria. This station was chosen because it is downstream of a
                   small hog farming operation. The upstream station (A) and Station 1 nearby had
                   detectable fecal coliforms, but at lower levels. Station 8 and 9 (see Figure 3) also had
                   fecal coliforms at low levels (< 200 MPN/100ml). These stations are in the lower
                   Sawmill Creek watershed which is influenced by urban runoff and possibly pet wastes or
                   leaky sewer systems.


                   Table 20 contains the results of Hydrolab measurements taken at the time of collection
                   of the samples for the organic compounds and fecal coliforms on March 29, 1993. Table
                   21 contains similar results March 11, 1993 at the time that metals samples were taken.



                   Table 20.


                                                              Sawmitt Creek Synoptic Survey
                                                                      March 29, 1993

                                                                                                                         X
                                                                                                                . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                                                     Sam

                                           P                1310          11.42          6.50           10.63        22-1


                                           S                1320          10.89          6.29            8.65        209

                                           SC5              1330          11.38          6.47           10.78        232


                                           N                1337            9.81         6.63           10.33        486


                                           SC6              1345          11.65          6.68            9.23        270


                                           F                1530          10.86          6.63            8.62        259


                                           E                1525          11.66          7.41           11.07        215


                                           G                1510          11.27          6.44            9.46        335


                                                            1458          11.47          6.65            9.32        320

                                                            1500          12.25          6.54            9.36        205


                                                            1448            9.47         6.46           10.34        338


                                           K                1415            9.75         7.01            8.42        686

                                           L                1438          11.29          5.76           10.51        217

                                           SC9              1400          12.12          6.76           9.97         182

                                           SO               1255          10.16          6.75           9.85         314








                                                                            30









                      Table 21. Results of hydrolab measurements on March 11, 1993

                                                                 Sawmill Creek Synoptic Survey
                                                                           March 11, 1993


                                   .............................................    ........................................................
                                 ....... ..... ......... .                                                        . ... ......
                                                           .T.... .. ...            . ..                                      . .. ... ....*. .......
                                  .....          ..........      ..........                     .....               . ......
                                    ...........  ...........I......                                                   ................ ......
                                            W              1250               7.18              4.81              7.91              129
                                            A              807                5.23              4.35              10.08             166
                                            B              815                4.24              5.83              6.82              208
                                        SCI                825                3.29              6.35              9.83              197
                                            C              845                4.95              6.42              10.89             178
                                        SC2                855                4.62              6.24              10.59             170
                                        SC4                905                5.3               6.17              10.96             167
                                            p              917                4.16              6.53              11.18             304
                                        SC5                925                4.04              6.58              11.5              228
                                            N              930                9.44              6.83              9.35              470
                                            Q              1000               5.27              6.4               8.63              283
                                            R              1005               5.25              6.6               8.38              187
                                            S              1011               5.98              6.36              8.36              218
                                            E              1225               9.96              5.92              2.92              366
                                            F              1215               8.03              6.52                8               266
                                            T              1150               9.11              6.33              6.98              294
                                        SC6                1035               9.38              6.53              8.05              278
                                            1              1140               10.16             6.36              9.74              323
                                            H              1142               9.85              6.42              9.46              478
                                        SC9                1050               8.69              6.58              9.95              314
                                        SC7                1055               6.13              6.62              9.55              260
                                            L              1125               10.22             5.82              9.98              237
                                        SC8                1105               6.46      1       6.49              9.51              255-1










                                                                                     31








             Station E (Table 21) showed the lowest D.O. concentration on 3/11/93 - which would be
             stressful to aquatic organisms. This tributary flows through an urbanized reach of the
             Muddy Bridge Branch watershed and by an industrial outfall. On 3/29/93 the same
             tributary had the highest oxygen level of the stations monitored.


             The storm drain at Station K had the highest conductivity measured in the 3/29 surveys.
             As mentioned before, this station also had the greatest concentration of organic and
             metal pollutants. Stations W and A in the upper watershed had pH levels below 5 mg/1
             (state water quality criterion) on the 3/11 survey, however, this could be due to natural
             degradation of leaf matter in the stream or to other factors such as acid deposition.


             Storm sampling in Sawmill Creek's Muddy Bridge Branch
             Nutrients and Solids - Table 22 shows the dates and times of various storm samples
             collected at Eastern Street (labelled MBB - The location of this station corresponds to
             Station T on Figure 3) and the concentration of various pollutants measured during

             storms.



             During the time span of covered in Table 22, stream level measurements in Muddy
             Bridge Branch were taken at Station T and at Route 3 - just upstream, using two
             different recorders. Because the upstream measurements at Route 3 were taken for the
             longer period of time, this data was used to develop a flow record. These flows were
             compared to the measured concentrations of nutrients and solids in the following figures.


             Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids results were taken most
             frequently in this baseline period because of their importance as Chesapeake Bay
             pollutants. Total suspended solids are of greatest concern to local aquatic life and to the
             well-being of the wetlands downstream at Wagner's Pond. Figures 6, 7, and 8 show the
             water quality measurements taken during the storm which occurred on 11/11-12/92. In
             general, they show increases in suspended solids and total phosphorus concentrations
             during rain events and dilution of total nitrogen concentrations. These data are being

                                                        32








                             Table 22. Results of suspended solids and nutrient analyses at Eastern Street


                             Muddy Bridge Branch. Storm Data


                                                                          r;li
                                                                                                                                           I --@kRR
                             09/26/921        B1          00:151                                                                  80.0                             0.12()l       1.77
                             09/26/92         B2          02:15                                                                   231.7                            0.2921        1.1
                             09/26/92         B3          04:15                                                                   130.0                            0.295         0.77
                             09/26/92         84          06:15                                                                   129.2                            0.334         0.73
                             09/26/92         B5    1     08:15                                                                   80.6                             0.3041        0.77
                             09126/92   _ B6              10:15                                                                   82-4                             0.2421        0.73
                             09/26/92         87          12:15                                       1                       1   106.5                            0.243   1     0.98
                             10/09/92      MBB            1045    0.0111                      0.2621     0.0267      1.21331      670.0                            0.1821        2.92
                             10/09/92      MBB            1245    0.01Z? r        0.5100      0.0461     0.0228      0.48721      190.9                            0.1651        1.31
                             10/09/92      MBB            1445 -F-Oz-33           0.3300      0.043 1    0.0110      0.31901      217.1-                           o.1001        0.89
                             10/09/92      MBB            1645 _703-63            0.3200      0.029      0.0114      0.3086   1   76.8                             0.1131        0.85
                             10/30/92      MBB1           2244                                                                1                                    0.311         3.71
                             10/31/92      MBB2           44                                                                      95.5                             0.211         3.27
                             10/31/92      MBB3           2"                                                                      138.6                            0.214         2.25
                             10/31/92      MBB4           444     0.0094                      0.281   1  0.03181                  48.5              1              0.1181        1.77
                             10/31/92      MBB5           644                                                                     20.6                             0.0821        1.52
                             10/31/92      MBB6           844                                                                     18.8                             0.065 J       1.57
                             10/31/92      MBB7     1     1044    0.0213                      0.042   1  0.0162                   15.5                             O.Or>4        1.65
                             11 /02/92     MBEI     1     &54     0.0040          1.610       0.113      0.0279      1.5821       45.4                             0.078 1       2."
                             11/02/921     MBB2           10541                                                      0.0=         100.7                            0.1491        2.26
                             11/02/921     MB83           1254 1                                                     0.0000 1     92.2                             0.1191        1.95
                             11/02/92      MBB4           1454                                                       0.0000 1     40.0                             0.081   1     1.60
                             11 /C2/92     MBBS           654                                                        0.0000   1   32.3                             0.091         1.60
                             11/02192      MBB6     1     1854                                                       0.00001      24.0                             0.071         1.50
                             11/02192      MB87           2054 1                                      1              0.0000 i     25.5                             0.061         1.58
                             11/021921     MBB8           22541                                                      0.00001      116.5             1              0.136         1.36
                             11/03192 1    MBB9     1     54                                                      1  O.WWT    1-06.4                               0.080         1.09
                             11/03/92      MBB10    1     254                                                        0.0000 1     194.5                            0.307         1.40
                             11/03/92      MBBI 1         454                                                        0.00001      303.6                            0.509         2.54
                             11/03/92 1    MBB12    1     6541                                                       0.00001      121.0                            2.670 1       16.00
                             11/03/92  1   MBB13    1     854  1  0.0547          0.360       0.035   1  0.00621     0. 3,5Z 81   9-8.0                            0.203   1     1.30
                             11/12/921     MBB1     1     19481   0.0111  1       1.020       0.1261     0.0178      1.0022 1     144.5                            0.159         2.07
                             11/12/921     MBB2           2148    0.0050 1        0.270       0.029      0.0011      0.26891      115.6
                             11/12/92  1   MBB3           2348    0.0927  1       0.210       0.052      0.0060      0.2040   1   246.4                            0.408         1.60
                             11/13/921     MBB4           148     0.11431         0.200       0.0781     0.0061      0.1939 j     108.9                            0.379         1.5
                             11/13192  1   MBB5           348     0.0812 1        0.2901      0.061   1  0.00731     0.28271      96.4                             0.208         1.23
                             11/26/92  1   MBB            1413    0.0080  1       0.7401      0.036   1  0.0161 1    0.7239   1   73.3                             0.146         1.55
                             12/10/921     MBBI     1     1110    0.0110                      0.5871     0.0381      1.4919 i     115.0                            0.1191        2.95
                             12JIO/92 1    MBB2     1     1510                                        1              0.00001      141.0                            0.308 1       11.70
                                           BB3      1     2010    0.1340  1       0.180       0.473      0.0156      0.1644   1   91.0                             0.242         2.66
                             12/11/92      M884     1     110                                                        0.0000 1     66.0                             0.181         1.29
                             12/11/92      MBB5     1     610                                                        0.0000   1   38.0                             0.1541        1.16
                             12M 1 M2      MBB6     1     1337                                                       0.0000   1   49.0                             0.122   1     0.92
                             12111/92      M887     1     1837                                                       0.0000   1   43.0                             0.215         0.88
                             12/11/92      MBB8     1     2337                                                       0.00001      46.0                                           01-
                             01/09/93      B1       1     255     0.0150-         0.5401      0.060      0.01 21     0.5238   1   53.3                             0.096         1.21
                             01/09/93      82       1     455     0.0120          0.4901      0.043   1  0.01081     0.4792   1   31.5                             O.OT7         1.10
                             01/09/93      33             &55     0.0230          04401       0.033   1  0.00941     0.4306   1   33.5                             0.123         1.01
                          @/93@54                         855     0.0= 1          0.480 1     0.076      0.01021     0.4698   1   7.5                              0.159         0.71
                             01/09/93      B5             955     0.1130 1        0.450 1     0.052      0.00771     0.4423   1   73.5                             0.314         0.41

                                                                                        Hammonds Ferry Road
                             01/09/93      HF             1050                                                       0.0000       25.0                             0.215         0.36
                             01/09/93      HF             1245                                                       o.00C)o      46.0                             0.656         0.27





                                                                                                              33



















                   100                                                                                                    -300

                    90   ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................-
                    80   ...............................................................................................I------E ......................................................................................................... -250

                    70   .........................................................I.........................  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CO
             W.                                                                                                           -200
              0
              >     bu   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                   CO
              0
                    50   .....................................................................................N....... ............... .. ............................................................................................. -150
                    40   .............................................................................................. IN ............ ......  ...........................I.....................................I............ ............
                                                                                                                                   CL
                                                                                                                          -100     cn
             W      30   --------------------  ..................................... .................................................. --------  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Z)
                                                                                                                                   Cn
                    20   ---------------------------------------------------------- ................................................. ............ ........................................................................................--FO
                                                                                                                          -50      -0
                    10   ............................................................................................... ... .....I............... ........  ........... ..................................................I............-

                      0                                                                                                   -0
                    00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06-00 12:00 18:00 00:00
                                                                Time of Day

                               November 12,1992                                          November 13,1992

                                                           Flow (cfs)              TSS




                 Figure 6. Total suspended solids concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch
                 of Sawmill Creek for 11/12/92 storm


                                                                       34























                    100


                     90    .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

                     80  . ....................................................................................................  ................................................................................................................ -0.4


                           .........................................................................................................................................................  ...........................................................
                     70=
               CD

                     60    ..................................................................................................  ................ ......................................................................................... -0.3 CD

               0                                                                                                                      0
                     50    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I................... -- --- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                                                                                      (n
                     40    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------  13 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.20
               a)

                                                                 0
              CO     30    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ................. ......... ..........................................................................................
                                                                                                                                      0
                     20    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.1


                     10    ................................................................................... ............ .. ..... ..............


                       0                                                                                                     0
                     00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
                                                                  Time of Day
                           November 12,1992                                                    November 13,1992
                                                            Flow (cfs) El TP
                                                                                    .. .....................................................................................
















                  Figure 7. Total phosphorus concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                  Sawmill Creek for 11/12/92 storm


                                                                        35
















                      100@                                                                                                          12.0
                       90   1............................................................................................................................................................................................ . ..................-10.0
                       80@   ................................................................................................................................................ .................................................................
                       701   ................................................................................................................................................ . ........... . ..................................................
                 00                                                                                                                 8.0

                              ......................... .............................................................. . ....................................................................................................................
                       60=@  ...
                                                                                                                                              C
                0                                                                                                                             a)
               U-      50                  .................................................................I................. ... ............... ........................................................................... L6 00)
                                                                                                                                              0
                       40:1@ .............................................................................................................  ...... ........................................................................................
                CD                                                                                                                            z
                                                                                                                                    k4.0
               U)      30    ................................................ .......................................... I., ..............  ....... ......................................................................  ..................0


                             .................I.........................................................................................  .......... .................................................I .....................................
                       20=
                            =1                                                                                                      2.0
                       101   ................... ......................................................................... ... ..... .......... >K . ...................................................................................

                        0                                                                                                           0.0
                       00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
                                                                      Time of Day
                             November 12,1992                                                       November 13, 1992
                                                                 Flow (cfs) >K TN
               Figure 8. Total nitrogen concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                                                                                                             ZD
               Sawmill Creek for 11/12/92 storm


                                                                            36
                                                                            .. ............ .
                                                                                                           ...........

                                                                            . .........  ...... .............................................................




                                                                            ..............  ......... ............................................................



                                                                                        K                        .........








               used to establish a baseline for future comparisons (see Appendix B for list of projects
               underway in Muddy Bridge Branch and Sawmill Creek). Flows seem to be slightly "out
               of synch" with measured concentrations. This points to a need for additional refinement
               of our data collection procedures. Figures 9, 10, 11 show the results of water quality
               analyses from a storm which occurred on 12/10-11/92. Figures 12, 13, and 14 show
               results of analyses from a storm on 1/9-10/93.


               Glycols - Ethylene and propylene glycol samples for this project were taken during 4
               storm events in the winter of 1992-93. The following table (Table 23) shows the
               concentrations of glycols present at Eastern Street on Muddy Bridge Branch during these
               events. Also this winter, the University of Maryland, the Maryland Department of the
               Environment, and the Maryland Department of Transportation conducted water quality
               monitoring and toxicity studies at BWI to identify levels of glycols present in several
               watersheds around the airport. The samples from this project were taken more
               frequently than those of the other agencies and will help determine the effect of
               concentration and time-of-exposure to organisms in the stream (Appendix C - Transcript
               of presentation given at a Salt Lake City conference on aircraft de-icers using data from
               this project).


               Figure 15 shows the results in mg/l of ethylene glycol concentrations in relation to the
               flow on 2/12/93. Figure 16 shows the loading in pounds/hour of the two glycols during
               the course of the same storm event. These loadings were calculated from the
               concentration and flow data on the previous figure using standard conversion factors.
               Figure 17 is a bar graph of the precipitation measured by the National Weather Service
               at BWI on the edge of the watershed. The figures 18, 19, and 20 illustrate the same data
               and calculated values for an event occurring on 2/16/93.







                                                         37


















                   100                                                                                                    -300

                    90   ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................-
                                                                                                                      . -250
                    80   ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                    E
                    70   ---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                          -200
                    bU   -------------------------*------------................. ......... *1 .................... 1*1 ................................  ...........................................I------------------------------- U)
              0                                                                                                                     _0
                    50   ................................................................................... ... .........................................I .............................................................................. -150
              E                                                                                                                     C
              (U    40   ..............................................W............ ..... ........ ........ ..................... ... .................................................... ........  ........................ (D
                                                                                                                          -100      CD
                                                      .......... ... ......0. ............ ........ ......... -.1 ........................... ..... .................  ....................
             U)     30   -------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                    U)

                                                                                                    ..................
                    20   .......................................................... ------------------------------------ ............. ..... ... .. ................M.. .............. 0-500
                                                                                    M
                    10   --------------------------------------------------------I......................... ... ......................................... ....................................................................  ........-

                      0                                                                                                    0
                    00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18*00 00:00
                                                                Time of Day

                            December 10, 1992                                            December 11, 1992

                                                           Flow (cfs) m TSS




                Figure 9. Total suspended solids concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch
                of Sawmill Creek for 12/10-11/92 storm



                                                                      38























                    100                                                                                                        0.5

                      90  --------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -----------------------------------------------------------

                      80  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...................................................... . 0.4

              CD      70  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S
                      bu  ----------------------------------------------------------------- [D  ............................................................................................................................................... -0.3 S3
                                                                                                                                      2
                                                                                                                                      0
                      50  ........................ .......................................................... -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
              E
              ca      40  ---------------------------------------------------------------- ..... ........ ........ ..................... .. .................................................... .......  ........................ -0.20
              (D                                                                                                                      -C
              I-                                                                                                                      a_
              -&-                                      ........... ... ............ ............ ....... --------0...................... ........... ................. ....... . ........
              U)      30  -------------------------------------------------------------                                    ...
                                                                                                                                      (0
                                                ID                                                                                    0
                      20  ---------------------------------------------------------- .................................... ------- .................... ..... ... . ................................................  ................. -0.1

                      10    ...................... ............................. ..............................................................................................................................................  ........
                          .............



                       0                                                                                                    10
                      00:00 06:00 12:00                    18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
                                                                  Time of Day
                            December 10, 1992                                                December 11, 1992

                                                            Flow (cfs) Ei TP





                   Figure 10. Total phosphorus concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                   Sawmill Creek for 12/10-11/92 storm


                                                                          39






















                    100                                                                                                            12.0

                      90   .................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                               - -10.0
                      80   ................................................................................................................................................................................................................

                      70   ------------------------------ - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                 -8.0

                      bu   ................................................................................................................................................................................................................
             0                                                                                                                               (D
              U-      50   .................................................................................. ... ....................................................................................................................... -6.00
                                                                                                                                             0
             E
             M        40   ............................................................... .... ....... ........ ..................... .. .................................. ................. ........  ....................... z
             (D
                                                                                                                                 -4.0
             C/)      30   ....... . ................................................... .......I... .. ....I....... ............ . ...... ........................................ ..... ................  .....................0
                      20   ......................................................... ................................... ...... .................. .. ..... ... .. ...............................................  ................. -2.0
                      10   .................................................. .....  ---------------------------------------I---------W .................W...............................................................  --------

                                     A
                       0                                                                                                         10.0
                      00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00                                                 18:00 00:00
                                                                    Time of Day
                              December 10, 1992                                                 December 11, 1992

                                                 - Flow (cfs)                         TN
                                               ..................



                                                    ..... .....
                                               j












                  Figure 11. Total nitrogen concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                  Sawmill Creek for 12/10-11/92 storin


                                                                             40


















                            100                                                                                                                                              -300

                              90     ................................................... . ................................................................................................................................................ . ............-
                                                                                                                                                                             -250
                              80     ----------- - ------- ----------------------------- - -------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --
                                                                                                                                                                                           E
                              70     --------------------------------------- - - --- - --------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - -----------------
                                                                                                                                                                             -200
                              bu     ----------- - -- ----------- - --------------------I------------------------------------ ---------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0
                    3:                                                                                                                                                                     CO
                    0                                                                                                                                                                      _0
                   FL         50     ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... -150
                    E                                                                                                                                          .......................     C-
                    (z        40     -- - ----------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------- CD
                    CD                                                                                                                                                                     0-
                                                                                                                                                                               100
                    W         30     .................................................. . ........................................................................................................... - -------------- - -----------------------------------
                                                                                                                                    0                                                      CD
                              20     .................................................................................... - ------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------- --- - ------------------
                                                                                                                                                                               50          0
                              10     -------------------------------------------- .. ...................................... ............................... ...........N -----------------------*----------------------------- -F-

                                 0                                                                                                                                             0
                               00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12.00                                                                              18:00 00:00
                                                                                            Time of Day
                                              January 9, 1993                                                                        January 10, 1993

                                                                                     Flow (cfs)                         TSS




                         Figure 12. Total suspended solids concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge
                         Branch of Sawmill Creek for 1/9-10/93 storm


                                                                                                      41























                   100                                                                                                       0.5

                    90   .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................

                    80   ------------ - - - ----------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------ -0.4

                    70   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . .............. ................................................E

                    bu   ........................................................................................................................................ . ......... ...........I ................................................ -0.3
            0                                                                                                                      0
             FL     50   ...................................................................................................................................................  .................................................................  -C
                                                                                                                                   0-
            E                                                                                 0                                    Cn
            M       40   ........................ . ......................................................................I.............................................................................. . .................................... -0.20
            (D                                                                                                                      -C
             C/)    30   .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                   cri
                                                                                      E]
                    20   ..................................... :-  ---------------*--------------  ----------I------------- ...................................................... . ....................  .............. -0.10

                    10   ---------- - ----------------

                      0                                                                                                    0
                    00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
                                                                Time of Day
                              January 9, 1993                                              January 10, 1993

                                                            Flow (cfs)              TP
                                      ..... . ........ ... ..............................................................................................................................................................


















                 Figure 13. Total phosphorus concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                 Sawmill Creek for 1/9-10/93 storm


                                                                        42






















                          100                                                                                                                                 12.0

                           90     ................ . ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
                           80     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------- -10.0

                 CO        70     -------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                                            -8.0
                           bu     -----------I---- - ------- - -------- - --------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I--,--,-* ------------------ C
                 0
                 1z        50     ............................................................................................. .................................................  ................................................................ -6.0
                                                                                                                                                                           0
                 E
                 cz        40     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------  ....................................... z
                                                                                                                                                            -4.0
                  U)       30     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------ - ----------------------
                                                                                                                                                                           0
                                                                                                                                                                          F-
                           20     ------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -2.0
                           10     ............................................ .. .............................................................W- ---- @K  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              0                                                                                              'W             1                 0.0
                            00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00
                                                                                  Time of Day
                                         January 9, 1993                                                                January 10, 1993

                                                                             Flow (cfs) >K TN





                     Figure 14. Total nitrogen concentration and flow record in Muddy Bridge Branch of
                     Sawmill Creek for 1/9-10/93 storm


                                                                                           43







                  Table 23. Results of glycol analyses in winter of 1992-3



                           Ethylene/Propylene Glycol Sampling af Muddy Bridge Branch




                                 ..............
                            .... ... . .. .....
                                                                         ....             ..............
                                                            jjj       m '0
                                                                                                                  ....... . .....
                           02/1 2J93       04:67            0         0                    02/16/93       04:67            0            0
                                           06:57            0         0                                   05:67            0            0
                                           07:57            0         0                                   06:57            0            0
                                           08:57            0         0                                   07:57            140          99
                                           09:67            92        82                                  08:57            480          470

                                           10:57            400       160                                 09:57            680          460
                                           12:54            870       260                                 10:57            1100         1600
                                           13:64            1400      640                                 11:67            400          660
                                           14:64            1100      630                                 12:67            160          120
                                           15:64            490       400                                 13:57            120          74
                                           16:64            640       660                                 14:67            120          69
                                           17: 54           360       160                                 16:57            92           0
                                           18:54            220       so                                  16:67            82           50
                                           19:64            120                                           17:67            73           0

                                           20:64            so        0

                                           21:64            0         0






                                              ................ ....... .......                                   .............. ............
                                                                                          ...........
                            ................. .....         . . ....  :Glyc               ... ...


                           03/13/93        04:38            0         78                   03/16/93        14:20           150          2600
                                           06:38            0         130                 -03/16/93        17:20           440          9100
                                           06:38            0         180                  03/16/93        21:20           280          3600
                                           07:38            0         170                 -03/16/93        01:20           230          1800
                                           08:38            0         130                  03116/93        06:20           170          990
                                           09:38            240       160                  03116/93        09:20           160          700
                                           10:38            690       240                  03/16/93        13:20           140          530
                                           11:38            950       300                  03/16/93        22:20           210          310
                                           12:38            940       300                  03/17193        04:20           140          290
                                           13:38            720       220                  03/17193        10:20           50           so

                                           14:38            490       160                  03117193        15:20           0            0
                                           15:38            330       110                  03/17/93        19:65           0            0
                                           16:38            210       74                   03/18193        01:66           0            0













                                                                            44











                               Muddy Bridge Branch, 2/12/93
            2000-                                                                                   22.0


            1800-

            1600-                                                                                 -18.0

                                                                                                  -16.0
            1400-
                                                                                                  -14.0
            1200-                                                                                         LL
        0         -                                                                               -12.0
        C@  1000-
                                                                                                    10.9
             800-
                                                                                                  -8.0    LL
        0    600-
                                                                                                  -6.0

             400-
                                                                                                  -4.0

             200-                                          .. ............                        -2.0


                               "L.  A                                                   AL
                OA k                                                                             A 0. 0
               04:57    06:57     06:57     10:57    12':57 ' 14:57     16:57    18:'57'@L 2757
                    05:57    07:57     09:57    11:57    13:57     15`57    17:57     19:57    21:57
                                                  Time of Day


                    Ethylene Glycol        ... A.. Propylene Glycol     ............... FLOW (CFS)





              Figure 15. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations for the winter storm starting on
              2/12/93


                                                         45











                              Muddy Bridge Branch, 2/12/93
            3000-                                                            -                      22.0
            2800-
                                                                                                  -20.0
            2600-
            2400-                                                                                 -18.0

       -c@  2200-                                                                                   16.0
       0    2000
                                                                                                  -14.0
            1800
            1600-                                                                                 -12.0

            1400-
                                                                                                    10.0
                                                                                                         0
            1200-
                                ...............                                                   -8.0
       CO   1000-
       0
             800-                                                                                 -6.0
             600-                                                                                 -4.0
             400-
             200-                                              24@                                -2.0
                 1        IAe  A,
                0                                                                                 @0.0
               04:57    06:57    08:57     10:57    12:57     14:57    16:57     18:57    20:57
                   05:57     07:57    09:57     11:57    13:57    15:57     17:57    19:57    21:57
                                                  Time of Day


                   Ethylene Glycol --i&.. Propylene Glycol              ............... Flow (CFS)





             Figure 16. Ethylene and propylene glycol loadings for the winter storm starting on
             2/12/93


                                                         46










                                                   BWl
                              Precipitation, 2/12/93 - 2/13/93

            0.30-




            0.25-




            0.20-




        0   0.15-


        CL
            0.10-

       CL


            0.05-


            0.00--                                  1 L91                        Ml AIR
                      01:00          07:00         13:00         19:00         01:00
                             04:00          10:00         16:00         22:00         04:00
                                                   Time of Day






              Figure 17. Precipitation at BWl for the winter storm starting on 2/12/93


                                                       47











                               Muddy Bridge Branch, 2/16/93
            2000-                                                                                      22.0
            1900-
            1800-                                                                                    -20.0
            1700-                                                                                    -18.0
            1600-
            1500-
                                                                                                     -16.0
            1400-
                                                                                         ...............
       E    1300-                                                                                      14.0
            1200-                                                                                            W
       C:
                                                                                                             LL
       0    1100-                                                                                    -12.0
            1000-
                                                                                                     -10.0    3t
              900-
                                                                                                              0
              800-
                                                                                                             LL
       L)     700-                                                                                     8.0
              600-
       0
                                                                                                     -6.0
              500
              400-                                                                                   -4.0
              300-
              200-                                                                                   -2.0
              100 . ................
                0.9 rk                               -1  --7 - r -                                   10.0
               04:57       06:57       08:57       10:57      12:57       14:57       16:57       18:57
                     05:57       07:57      09:57       11:57       13:57       15:57       17:57
                                                   Time of Day


              -->iE- Ethylene Glycol ---,&.. Propylene Glycol             ............... Flow (CFS)





              Figure 18. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations for the winter storm starting on
              2/16/93


                                                          48











                                Muddy Bridge Branch, 2/16/93
             6000-                                                                                   22.0

             5500-                                                                                 -20.0

             5000-
                                                                                                   -18.0

             4500-
                                                                                                   -16.0

                                                                                      ..................
             4000-
                                                                                                   -14.0
                                                                                                           W
             3500-
                                                                                                           LL
                                                                                                   -12.0
        CO   3000-
        CD
                                                                                                     10.0
             2500-                                                                                         0
        Cz                                                                                         -8.0
        0    2000-
             1500-                                           4Is                                   -6.0
             1000-                                                                                 -4.0

               500-                                                                                -2.0
                  IL: ...*...... *,' '                                  . . .
                        A,
                0            AMW                                                                   --0.0
                OZ7 '      06-57       08:57       10:57      1 P'57      14:57      16:57      18:57
                      05:57      07:57       09:57      11:57        13:57     15:57       17:57
                                                   Time of Day


                     Ethylene Glycol ---,&.. Propylene Glycol             ............... Flow (CFS)






               Figure 19. Ethylene and propylene glycol loadings for the winter storm starting on
               2/16/93


                                                          49










                                                  BWI
                                     Precipitation, 2/16/93

           0.30-




           0.25-




           0.20-

       C
 10.0      0.15-


           0.10-

      CL


           0.05
           0.00-           RN  M      NO  ON WN  NNIq RN                      LN
                      01:00                 07:00                13:00                 19:00
                                 04:00                 10:00                16:00
                                                  Time of Day






             Figure 20. Precipitation at BWI for the winter storm starting on 2/16/93


                                                       50








               Figures 21, 22, and 23 show measured glycols, calculated loadings, and precipitation for
               the event of 3/13/93. This was an unusually heavy snow of 11.9 inches followed by two
               days of near or below freezing weather. The sampler was inoperable for part of this
               runoff event.



               Figures 24, 25, and 26 show measured glycols, calculated loadings, and precipitation for
               the events of 3/15-17/93. Figure 26 shows the 19 hour, 1.18 inch rainfall at the end of
               this event. As seen on figure 24, this rain resulted in very high flows which in effect
               diluted the glycols already coming off of the watershed with the melting snow. This snow
               was left over from the storm on 3/13.


               Based on work done by DNR on the toxicity of glycols to aquatic life, concentrations of
               propylene glycol of 2000 mg/l of propylene glycol would kill all fathead minnows in a
               test solution within 3 hours (Hartwell et al. 1993). Concentrations of this magnitude
               were reached on 2/16/93 (Figure 18) and 3/15/93 (Figure 24) based on this sampling.























                                                          51











                              Muddy Bridge Branch, 3/13/93
            2000-                                                                                    7.0


            1800-
                                                                                                    -6.0
            1600-
            1400-                     .........................                                     -5.0
       E                                           ............................................... .................... . ..........................................................-
            1200-                                                                                          CD
       C:                                                                                           -4.0   LL
       0
            1000-
                                                                                                    -3.0    0
       a)    800-
       0         -                                                                                  -      E:
       C
   00        600-                                                                                   -2.0

             400-
                                                                                                    -1.0
             200                 ...... At ......
                                                                                           -At ......
                 tj
                .1                                                                                   0.0
               04:38         06:38        08:38         10:38         12:38        14:38         16:38
                      05:38        07:38         09:38         11:38         13:38        15:38
                                                   Time of Day


                    Ethylene Glycol ---.&.. Propylene Glycol             ............... Flow





              Figure 21. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations for the winter storm starting on
              3/13/93


                                                          52











                                              Muddy Bridge Branch, 3/13/93
                    1000-                                                                                                                             7.o
                     900-                                                                                                                          -6.0
                     800-

                                                        ...........................                                                                -5.0
                     700-
                                                                             ................ ...................................................... . ... ..............................................
            Cn       600-                                                                                                                                    (D
            -0                                                                                                                                        4.0    LL

            Cn       500-
                     400-                                                                                                                          -3.0       0
            CO                                                                                                                                     -          LL
            0
                     300-                                                                          ------                                          -2.0

                     200-
                     1 OOAK"'

                        0-> E       @K        @K                                                                                                   10.0
                       04:38               06:38               08:38               10:38               12:38               14:38               16:38
                                 05:38               07:38               09:38               11:38               13:38               15:38
                                                                            Time of Day


                              Ethylene Glycol --i&.. Propylene Glycol                                      ............... Flow





                     Figure 22. Ethylene and propylene glycol loadings for the winter storm starting on
                     3/13/93


                                                                                     53











                                                  BWl
                                     Precipitation, 3/13/93

           0.40-



           0.35-



           0.30-
       Cn


           0.25-
       C


       0   0.20-
       -0.-
       Cz

           0.15-



           0.10-



           0.05-

                                0
           0.00--             11.1                  1 111 11 1 11 1        101 101yN
                     22:00        04:00       10:00        16:00       22:00       04:00
                           01:00        07:00       13:00        19:00       01:00
                                                  Time of Day





             Figure 23. Precipitation at BWI for the winter storm starting on 3/13/93
                                                        I I I  L

                                                      54











                             Muddy Bridge Branch 3/15-18/93
             10000.00                                                                               30.0
              9000.00-                                                                             -28.0
                                                                                                   -26.0
              8000.00                                                                               24.0
              7000.00-                                                                             -22.0
                                                                                                   -20.0
        E
              6000.00-
                                                                                                   -18.0  W
        0                                                                                                 LL
                                                                                                    16.0  0
              5000.00-
                                                                                                   -14.0
              4000.00-                                                                                      0
                                                                                                   -12.0  LL
                                                                                                   -10.0
              3000.00-
                                                                                                   -8.0

              2000.00-                                    ..............
                                                                                                   -6.0

                                                                                                   -4.0
              1000.00
                  0.00                        ........... ........                                  2.0
                                                                                                 -Zo
                  03/15/93           03/1'6/93          03/1'7/93          03/18/93            03/19/93
                                                          Date


                    Ethylene Glycol        ... A.. Propylene Glycol      --------- - ---- Flow





              Figure 24. Ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations for the Winter storm starting on
              3/15/93


                                                          55











                            Muddy Bridge Branch 3/15-18/93
            8000.00-                                                                               30.0

                                                                                                  -28.0
            7000.00-                                                                              -26.0

                                                                                                   24.0
            6000.00-
                                                                                                  -22.0

                                                                                                  -20.0
        '6@ 5000.00-                                                                               18.0   0)
        .0           -                                                                                    LL
                                                                                                  -16.0
            4000.00-
                                                                                                  -14.0
        C
                                                                                                          0
                                                                                                   12.0
                                                                                                          U-
        W   3000.00-
   00                                                                                             -10.0
            2000.00-                                                                              -8.0

                                                         ...............
                                                                                                   6.0

                                                                                                  -4.0
            1000.00
                                                                                                  -2.0
                                                   ......... ......
               0.00                                                                                0.0
                03/15/93            03/16/93           03/17/93           03/18/93            03/19/93
                                                        Date



                    Ethylene Glycol       ---,&--- Propylene Glycol     --------------- Flow





              Figure 25. Ethylene and propylene glycol loadings for the winter storm starting on
               3/15/93


                                                         56











                                                    BWI
                                       Precipitation, 3/17/93

            0.40-



            0.35-



            0.30-
        (n


            0.25-



        0   0.20-



            0.15-


        a-  0.10-


            0.05-
            0.00-- RMARMA N
                       01:00            07:00             13:00            19:00
                                04:00            10:00            16:00            22:00
                                                   Time of Day
                                            a I I                @ I

              Figure 26. Precipitation at BWI for the winter storm starting on 3/15/93


                                                        57










                                              RECOMMENDATIONS



              German Branc
              1. Track agricultural and sludge management activities - This project has begun using
              Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to track land use in specific sub-watersheds.
              Sludge management has been identified as a potential source pollution in the watershed.
              Ile results of this monitoring show that it is not the only source. Work in this project
              involved mapping by Salisbury State University. Potential sources of nutrients should
              continue to be mapped using the assistance of agricultural experts in the watershed.


              2. Identify treatment options for container nursery in Wild Cat Branch. - This sub-
              watershed produced the highest level of nitrate + nitrite in the watershed, based on our
              measured and adjusted concentrations. If this facility is exempted from wastewater
              treatment requirements, voluntary containment and treatment of runoff could be
              pursued. Otherwise a treatability assessment should be made at this facility by
              professional engineers and appropriate permits should be obtained for construction of
              containment or treatment facilities.



              3. Further investigate possible denitriflcation from farm ponds - There was only a hint
              of possible nitrogen removal at a pond discharge in this watershed. It may be possible to
              manage existing ponds and ditches to attain some degree of N-removal. If funding is
              available, ponds such as two in series at Station 19 could be monitored for nutrients
              necessary to determine treatment efficiency.



              Sawmill Creek
              1. Collect and treat de-icers from Baltimore/Washington International Airport (BWI) -
              These sampling results showed concentrations of glycols running off the airport that
              could produce toxic impacts on aquatic life. Existing efforts to assess the quantities and
              treat or recycle these compounds should continue.



                                                        58









               2. Inventory nitrogen compounds used at BWl - One winter storm sample showed a
               total nitrogen spike of ;almost 12 mg/l. This was possibly the result of urea use to
               control airport runway icing at BWL High nitrogen has been found in other airport
               samples collected for MDOT. An inventory would be a good first step to identify the
               actual source of these compounds and to develop a management or treatment plan.


               3. Survey watershed for potential sources of priority pollutants above storm drain on
               east side of Wagner's Pond - Most of the pollutants found in this sampling for toxics
               were near or below detection levels and protection criteria, however at Station K the
               PAH concentrations found appear to warrant a visual watershed survey to inventory
               possible commercial or industrial sources. If the sources are atmospheric or diffuse,
               control may not be feasible in this project.


               4. Assess extent of groundwater pollutants and develop a remediation plan at the
               printing company on B&A Boulevard - The discovery of xylenes and toluene in surface
               waters of Sawmill Creek on 3/11/93, may indicate that contaminated groundwater from
               a RCRA/CERCLA site extends over a greater area than previously thought. The
               Maryland Department of the Environment is continuing to require groundwater
               assessments for the development of a plan for remediation. Due to the existence of
               drinking water wells in the watershed, an assessment should be made of the geological
               formations separating the wells from the contaminated groundwater.


               5. Re-survey fecal coliform concentrations during summer periods in Sawmill Creek
               headwaters - The concentrations of fecal coliforms during the time period studied in this
               project did not confirm earlier observations. Seasonal variations in temperature, runoff,
               stream flow, and number of animals will have to be reviewed in more detail to develop a
               suitable sampling strategy. Summer and late spring sampling may be necessary to
               provide more useful data.




                                                          59










                                                REFERENCES


             APHA-AWWA-VvTCF. 1989. Standard methods for the examination of water and
             wastewater. 17th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

             Haddaway, Mike, Stuart Lehman, Fred Paul, John Christmas, Niles Primrose, John
             McCoy, Doug MarshalL and Dave Jordahl. July 1992. German Branch baseline
             monitoring report - October 1989-September 1990. Maryland Department of Natural
             Resources, Maryland Department of the Environment, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
             Service. Annapolis, Maryland.

             Hartwell, S. Ian, David M. Jordahl, and Eric B. May. May 1993. Toxicity of aircraft de-
             icer and anti-icer solutions to aquatic organisms. CBRM-TX-93-1. Maryland
             Department of Natural Resources, Tidewater Administration, Chesapeake Bay Research
             and Monitoring Division, Fisheries Division, Annapolis, Maryland.

             Marshall, Doug, Stuart Lehman, Mike Haddaway, John Christmas, Niles Primrose, John
             McCoy, Fred Paul, and Dave Jordahl. April 1992. Sawmill Creek baseline monitoring
             report - October 1989-September 1990. Maryland Department of Natural Resources,
             Maryland Department of the Environment. Annapolis, Maryland.

             U.S. EPA. March 1983. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. EPA-600/4-
             79-20. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.






















                                                     60








              Appendix A. Example of adjustment calculation for Station 28 on 8/11/93




              60% of w/s at Sta 28. times [x - unknown concentration] +


              40% of w/s at Sta. 29 times [at station 29]


                 100% of w/s [at lower watershed stations Station 28]


              or:


              0.60 [X] + 0.40 [0.11 mg/1]         1.0     [4.08mg/1]


              Solving for X X = 6.73 mg/I -the adjusted concentration at Station 28





                   Concentration










                                             24
                                         b -.ate,





























                                                       61








            Appendix B. Maps of Muddy Bridge Branch and SawmiH Creek showing areas of where
            restoration projects are underway.




















  0










  0                                                 62





        Sawmill Creek Watershed
            Restoration Projects



                                                                                           C  Q
                                                                          G                                  Q
                                                                    F
                                                                E                             p

                                                                                            N  .Q
                                          sey                                                                   Legend

                                                                                                               --- Streams
                                                                                                               mmw Roads and Runways
                                                                                                               NOMMOM Watershed Boundary
                                             .... ............... ...                                          A-Q Restoration Proiects
                                                                                               1A
                                                                                    L AN


                                     0









                                                                                                                                                                                    LEGEND

                                                                                                                                                                      1P
                                                                                                                                                                               Existing Storm Water Management
                                                                                                                                                                               (SWM) Pond and Outlet Structure
                                                      r!                                                                                                                       Proposed SWM Pond


                                                                                                                                                                               Stream or Tributary

                                                                                                                                                                               Storm Drain Pipe


                                                                                                                                                                               Drainage Area Boundary

                                                                                                                                                                               Long-Term Blo-Monitoring Station



                                           OR                                                                                                                         Z:,


                                  I    ER       0

             Iy





                                    4"
                                                                                                          AINE                                                                          .7
                                                                                                           INCL











                                                                                                                                                      k-N
                        7M
                            !-    v
                                                                                                                          P.;'r                                    v




                                                                                   PROPOSED SWM FACILITIES
                       EXISTING SWIVI FACILITIES
                                                                            5@5
                (1) BW1 Upper Pond                J.J. Haines A Co.. Inc.                     Residential Development
                                                                                                                                       10
                    BWI Lower Pond            (1) Cromwell Business Park
                                                                                              Cromwell Business Park

                                                                                                                                                               SAWNLL CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT
                   BWI Southwest Branch Pond      Shopping Center
                                  SWM    Welland                                                                                                               MUDDY BRIDGE BRANCH DRAINAGE AREA MAP

                                                                                                                                                                  Scale:                    Date: APRIL 1993
                                                                                                                                                                         1*=1,000'











                 L. Airport runoff: Deicer management plan.


                 M. RCRA Site: Water contamination management plan.


                 N. oil Storage Facility: Clean up plan in place.


                 0. Pig Pens in Floodplain: Seasonally high bacterial counts,
                    streambed fouling, discolored water.


                 P. Stream channelization: 1600 feet of aquatic habitat and
                    riparian buffer destroyed, then dredged and mowed
                    periodically.


                 Q. Fish Blockages: Mainstem at Eighth Avenue, Tributary 9
                    at Olen Dr., USGS Gage at Rt. 648.












                                SAWMILL CREEK WATERSHED



           RESTORATION PROJECTS:                             6/28/93


                A. Sand and Gravel Mine Reclamation: Create 29 acre park
                   linkage and wildlife corridor with reforestation,
                   wetlands restoration and stream buffers.


             ï¿½ B.  Muddy Bridge Branch Stream Restoration: 3100 feet
                   sediment and erosion control, habitat re-creation, &
                   removal of 3 fish passage blockages (G).


                 C. Tributary,9 Stream Restoration: 900 feet sediment and
                   erosion control, habitat recreation, & removal of 1 fish
                   passage blockage (G)


             ï¿½ D.  Stormwater Management Retrofits: Reduce frequency and
                   duration of out-of-bank flows and protect the restored
                   stream from erosive storm flow events.


             ï¿½ E.  Stormwater Management Diversions: Direct excess runoff
                   away from Muddy Bridge Branch, increase ground water
                   infiltration and enhance base flow.



             ï¿½ F.  Wetlands Restoration and Stormwater Detention Basin:
                   2 acres



                G. Fish Passage Blockage Removal: Total of 5 projects
                   confirmed thus far.


                I. Citizen's Activities: Targeting team monitors, Sawmill
                   Creek Watershed Association, SOS, Glen Burnie
                   Improvement Association.

                    Water Quality Monitoring (weekly)
                    Tree plantings
                    Stream cleanups
                    Storm Drain Painting
                    Workshops; mudbusters, household toxic reduction



                   Muddy Bridge Branch projects funded by SHA & MAA,
               approximately $1 millon to reduce frequent storm flows at
               BWI by 50% to 70%, and sediment loading by 80%.








              Appendix C. Report by Lzrry Lubbers, MDNR on the laboratory and field studies on
              aircraft de-icers at BWI airport.                                                         0










                                                                                                        0









                                                       63                                               0







                     aryland Department of Natural Resources

                    Tidewater Administration
                    Tawes State Office Building
                    580 Taylor Avenue
           .A
           @.s 'I
           -!, 1@@Al , ,Annapolis, Maryland 21401

       William Donald Schaefer                                      Torrey C. Brown, M.D.
           Governor                                                 Secretary



           Presentation to the
           SAE Aircraft Ground Deicing Conference
           June 15-17, 1993
           Salt Lake City, Utah


           Laboratory and Field Studies of the Toxicity of Aircraft Deicing
           Fluids'



           Slide # 1
                Map of BWI Airport and Adjacent Streams

           I would like to present some new information on the impact of
           deicing fluids on fresh water streams near Baltimore Washington
           International Airport (BWI). This was a multi-agency effort with
           both laboratory and field studies.       It involved the Maryland
           Aviation Administration, MD Department of the Environment, MD
           Department of Natural Resources, and the University of Maryland.
           We looked at the fish, benthic invertebrate, and microbial
           communities. We found acute and chronic impacts that were worse
           than the available scientific literature would predict.         This
           literature includes EPA data bases and publications from the
           aviation industry, particularly the deicing fluid manufacturers.

           The airport is located on a small hill that forms the drainage
           divide for 3 separate streams that feed into the Patapsco river.
           One of those streams, Sawmill Creek has been the focus of a multi-
           agency restoration project for the last several years. our initial
           monitoring surveys indicated that the tributary that receives the
           most airport runoff had the least number of fish and invertebrates.
           Additional sampling indicated that some of the surviving fish in
           this tributary had tissue damage that could attributed to exposure
           to deicing fluids. These observations caused us to initiate a more
           intensive study of the effects of airport runoff.

           Slide # 2
               Summary of Results

           The first set of results shown here were laboratory studies in
           which fish and invertebrates were exposed to a range of deicer


               I by Larry Lubbers, watershed Impact Evaluation Program, MD
           Department of Natural Resources

                               Telephone: (410) 974-5780
                                 DNR TTY for Deaf: 301-974-3683









            concentrations -that were prepared from Type I and Type II f luids
            that we received f rom MAA.      In the interest of time I am only
            reporting on the fish data, but we had similar mortality rates with
            the invertebrates.     The Type I deicer killed all the f ish at a
            concentration of 8.75 ml/L. That is roughly a 0.87% solution. The
            Type II deicer was more toxic and killed all the fish at 0.063
            ml/L.   We also noted tissue damage increased in severity as the
            time of exposure was increased. Tissue damage was noted in the
            gills, skin and kidneys.

            The second set of tests involved collecting stream water and
            airport runoff and exposing our test organisms to the water and
            deicer mixtures., We noted higher mortality rates in the fish and
            invertebrates and there were chronic impacts on reproductive
            capacity of the zooplankton, as well as the tissue damage that I
            mentioned in the first set of tests.          The metabolism of the
            microbial community was also impacted and we think this has an
            effect on the relationship of BOD (biological oxygen demand) to the
            COD (chemical oxygen demand).

            During 1993 we made a number of measurements of deicer
            concentrations in the airport's runoff. The peak doncentration for
            the Type I deicers was 89. 1 ml/L, and for the Type II anti-icer the
            concentration was 154.5 ml/L. That is about a 15% solution.

            Slide # 3
                 Mortality (LC50) & Tissue Damage

            This graph compares the relative toxicity of various glycol based
            solutions. An LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50%) is a stdndard method
            used by EPA and toxicologists all over the world. It tells you the
            concentration of a compound that will kill 50% of the test animals
            in a particular experiment.      The bars on this graph indicate a
            range lethal concentrations because the tests can be run for
            varying periods of times, typically 2, 4, or 7 days. In many cases
            mortality rates are inversely related to the time of exposure.
            (See the attached table A-1: Time To Median and Total Mortality.
            This figure was not included in the SAE presentation.)

            The first two columns show the LC50 values for ethylene and
            propylene glycols as reported by EPA and the deicing manufacturers.
            As you can see lethal concentrations are fairly high and the
            propylene glycol is much less toxic than the ethylene glycol. The
            third column shows the toxicity of the Type I f luid that we used in
            our laboratory tests. It was an ethylene glycol based compound and
            it is more toxic that the straight ethylene glycol. I have also
            included the range of concentrations that caused tissue damage in
            fish that were not killed outright. In this case the damage was
            located in the kidneys and appears to be unique to exposure to the
            ethylene glycol and not to additives in the Type I formulation.
            The fourth column shows the LC50 concentrations for the Type 11            0
                                               2










           f luid that we tested in the laboratory.       This was a propylene
           glycol based fluid and it is three orders of magnitude more toxic
           than the literature values indicate for the primary ingredient.

           The last column shows the 50% lethal concentration for mixtures of
           Type I and II fluids that were collected from airport runoff. As
           you can see toxic concentration falls between our two laboratory
           test results. The relative proportion of Type I to Type II fluid
           in the stormwater runof f varied between 20 and 80 percent.       The
           ratio varied with dif f erent storms and also changed over time
           during a individual runoff event. (The attached report from the
           University of MD to the MD Dept. of the Environment contains more
           details on the stormwater studies. This report was not presented
           at the SAE conference.)

           The last point I want to make is that LC50 values are not used a
           direct standards for resource management. They are simply a way to
           compare the relative toxicity of different chemical compounds.

           Slide # 4
                BWI Runoff, Sawmill Creek Tributary

           This graph shows the stream discharge and deicing fluid
           concentrations at an automated sampling station that is about one
           half mile downstream of the airport's boundary.       The snow storm
           dropped about 12 inches of snow in a 30 hour period. Type I fluid
           concentrations peaked at about 1 ml/L during the storm but deicing
           fluids persisted in the stream for almost 4 days.
           We could not reset our sampler immediately af ter the sLrm but when
           it was restarted Type II concentrations were above 2 ml/L.        The
           Type II concentrations peaked at 8.3 ml/L and stayed above 2 ml/L
           f or over 6 hours.     From our laboratory studies we know that
           exposure to a 2 ml/L solution would kill all our test fish in less
           than three hours.


           Slide # 5
                BWI Runoff, Stony Run Tributary

           This graph shows deicer concentrations in airport runoff during a
           small snow storm (2.25 inches of snow). These samples were taken
           at the point of discharge into a stream on the western side of the
           airport.   The total glycol concentration exceeded 200 ml/L, or
           about 20% of the runoff volume. This runoff represents about      60%
           of the combined stream flow at this point in the channel.

           At the beginning of the storm the ratio of Type I to Type II      was
           almost 50:50. The concentrations went down as flow increased      but
           then rose again towards the end of the storm.      At that time   the
           Type II fluid made up over 80% of the deicer fluids or about 15% of
           the total runoff volume.



                                             3











             In summary:

                  *Both types of deicing fluids are more toxic than the primary
                  ingredients.

                  *Type II propylene based fluid is considerably more toxic than
                  the available literature would have predicted. @.

                  *We documented tissue damage from exposure to ethylene glycol
                  at concentrations that did not kill the fish out right.

                  *We found very high field concentrations-and measured lethal
                  concentrations in the streams for long periods of time after
                  snow fall ended.










                                          References



            Hartwell,S.I., D.M. Jordahl, E.B. May.       May, 1993.    Toxicity of
            Aircraft De-Icer and Anti-Icer Solutions to Aquatic Organisms.
            Maryland Department of Natural Resources.        Annapolis, Maryland
            21401.



            Maryland Department of the Environment.             April 28, 1993.
            Investigation of the Impact of Whole Water Effluent Toxicity of
            Storm Water to Aquatic Life. First Quarterly Report from the Wye
            Research and Education Center, UMS. MDE, 2500 Broening Highway.
            Baltimore Maryland 21224.

















                                              4





         -L ci
          3L


                      BWI AIRPORT ANB
                    ABJACENT STRESMS



                                                           ...........
                                       . ...... ...
                 .......                ...     ........


                                                 ...     ... ........
                                ... ... . . ... ... ..
                                 .. .. ... .... ......



                                                         ..... .. ...



                                                         . . .. . .....

                                                          ................
                                                         .. ......... .......
        .........   .. .. .


        ... ....                                            ...
                  ..........

                              . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . ....
          ... ....... ....   .... ..........
                             . .. ....... .......-
           ..........
               ......... ...... ... ......... .. ......
             ..........
                                            ... .. .. ....
             ...........

                                            ................
        ............. ..                    ..........

                                          ..... ......
                                      --40,
               . ...... ...


                ...............                           ..........
               .. ....... ..

               . . .... .. . ...
                . . ..... .. . .....
                .... ...... .... .




          ............



                     . ........
        .. .. ...... ... . .......
                                             ........... ...
                                                    ....... . .. .
           ..............................
                                   . . .......
        .. ...... .............. .....
         . .. ..........

                               ........................
                                           ...........
                                           .... .. .......
          ...........
        . . .. .......
         . ....... ...
                  .......................
                     ..................

        .... ...........
        ..............

                                              . . ... . .....
          .......                                   . .........
          ..........
          ..........
          ..........-
          ..........-
          ..........
          ..........
          ..........
          ..........
          ..........
          ..........
          ..........


                                ...........

                                                           ..........
                           . ... .. ....



                                              :44
                       .............
                ....... ...






                    SUMMARY OF RESUINS

     TOXIC RESPONSEt IN SOLUTIONS (1@lffll)

     100% MORTALITY       DE-ICER:    8.750 ml/L   (9600 mg/L)
      -                   ANTI-ICER:  0.063 ml/L   (70 mg/L)
     TISSUE DAMAGE        PROGRESSIVE


     TOXIC RESPONSES IN STREAM 10,1ATER

     ACUTE                              (FISH & ZOOPLANKTON)
     CHRONIC                      (REPRODUCTION & HISTOLOGY)
     STIMULATIONANHIBITION                         (MICROTOX)

     RUNOFF CONCE14TRATIONS

     DE-ICER       89.1 ml/L
     ANTI-ICER     154.5 ml/L



            Mortality (LC50) & Tissue Damage
                                          Finfish

              100=



                                                                           MORTALITY
         cz@
               10=                                                          PH'S S U E
                                                                           DAMAGE
             0.01-                             LE
                   Ethylene Propylene Type I     Type 11 Type I & 11



                                       BWl AUNOFF
                               'SAWMILL GREEK TRIBUTARY

                                                     m8.3
            4.0                                                            Rain        80
                                                                         .18 inc es
                                                                                h
                      Snow
                  11.9 inche@--'--
                 ...................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... . ...................................................... .................................. ....................-
            3.5                                                                        70
                                                         M:

                        .......................... ...... ............  ....................................................... ...................................................... ...........
            3. 0. ............................                            ................... ..... ............... -60W

                                                                                           Cc
            2.5 . ...............................         ...................................................... ............................. ........... ..........-
                                                                                       50  <

                        ....................... ........................................................ ............................... .........................................................  ..................... ............................ .............. ......... -40 C)
            2.0 . ...............................
       0
       C)
            1.5 . ......................................................
                              .......................................................  .......................................................II............................... .......  .............. .......................... .................. .......-
                                                                                         0
                                                                                       3


                        ............................................................................... ......  ...............................................  ...................... ......................... ....................... ....
            1.0 . ...............................                                    -20   <
                             Shmpler Not Op6rating                                         W
                     A4
            0.5 . ....................
                                                                                           Cr_
                       .... ............ ....... ....................................................... ................................... ............ ....................................................... ................. .................................
                                                                                      -10

                                                               I
            on-                                                                        0
               13            14            15            16           17             18
                                            March, 1993
                  Stream Discharge             Type I                       Type 11





     L; -L J- <A
                                                        BW1 RUNOFF
                                                  STONY RUN TRIBUTARY

                     250-                                                                                                                      5.0
                                                                                                                                            -4.5
                      200   . ...................  ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... -4.0
                                                                                                                            0               -3.5      46
              1K,     150   . ..............................................................................0.............................................................................................................................................................w ............................... -3.0w
              -1                                                                                                                                      0
              0                                                                                                                             -2.5      ir
                                                                                                                                                      <
                      100   . ................................................................................. .................. ....................................... -- ....................................................................................... ......................  ............. -2.0 T-
                                                                                                                                            -1.5      Co
                        50  . ................................................................................................................................................................ .............................. ................... ............ --, .......................  ............. -1.0Q
                                                                                                                                            -0.5
                          0
                                                                                                                                               0.0
                        07:00              09:00              11:00             13:00              15:00             17:00              19:00
                                  08:00             10:00              12:00              14:00             16:00              18:00
                                                                   FEBRUARY 26,1993




                       0 Total Glycol                         Type I                         Type 11                         Discharge




                TIME TO MEDIAH AHO TOTAL MORTALITY*


                                                    TYPE I                          TYPE If
                                                  DE-ICER                        ANTHCER
               GUICOL (ml/L) IMEDIAN TOTAL                                   PWEDIAN              TOTAL
                          70                 N/A            45 min              NIA               15 min
                          35                1.5-hr           2.5hr              NIA               30 min
                        17.5                2.5hr            2.55 -h r          NIA.                1 h. r
                        8.75                                                    NIA                 2 hr
                      4.375                                                  .30 min                2 hr




                                                                   TYPE If (onlii)
                                                                     ANTHCER
                   G, Uf C 0 L (rn I I L)                   ED I A N                     TOTAL
                             2.0                             '49 hr                          Shr
                             1.0                             2"', hr                     &"21, 5 h r
                             0.5                           3.25hr                           IS"' h r
                           0.25                             12hr                           3-011-r
                           0.129                                                           72hr
                           0.063                            48hr                           96hr
                           0.031                            334hr
                           0.016












                                                                                                             NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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