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Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990 .. ..... ........ . ....... . ... ........... . ...... . ... ... ... .... .............. .... .... . . ......... . . . ...... . . .... .. ..... 5E . ................ ... ....................................... . ....... . . ....... .. . ......... ...... . ............................................. .... .. . .. ........ .. .. ... .. . .. . . .. . .... . . . . . ............ *" Jean Ulock Fark "0 Master Plan) Benton Harbor, Michigan/ QH 91.75 M5 J43 1990 The Troyer Group, hie. Goshen & MLshawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990 Table ofContents US DepartMent of Commerce c ,-c- L@-"L-;TarY ervices NOAA Cc,-.,-, stal S, i 2234 SoutIl Hobson Aye Charlesta-14 SC 29405-2413 This document was prepared in part through finarcial assistance provided by the Office Of Coastal Resource Management, Natior@i: by and Atmospheric Administration autric;iL the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Wshawaka, Indiana 2 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton 11wrbor, Mchigan Decerritber 1990 Table of Contents 1 Credits - Project Team 3 Executive Summary 5 Introduction 8 General Park Description 10 Location and Region 11 Surrounding Land Uses 11 Demographics & Market Information 12 Site Analysis and Existing Conditions 13 Description of the Process 14 Archaeological Review 14 Biological Review 14 Landscape Architectural Review 15 Maps 19 Park Location 20 Park Boundaries 21 Natural Conditions 22 Endangered and Threatened Species 23 Vehicular Circulation and Access 24 Jean Klock Park Master Plan 25 Program 26 Past Development Plans 27 Potential Attractions 27 Design Charette Results 28 Phase 1 31 Phase 11 33 Phase 111 34 PhaseIV 34 Attendance Goals 35 User Fees 36 Construction Cost Estimates 37 Development Process 39 Implementation Schedule 40 Funding Sources 41 Management Plan 42 Management Structure 43 Staffing Requirements 44 Operating Expenses 45 Capital Improvements 46 Non-Reverting Capital Fu nd 47 Revenue Potential 48 Maintenance Standards 49 Accountability 49 Public Hearing 50 Summary of Comments 51 Supporting Documents 52 The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decernber 1990 Project Team The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & MLshawaka, Indiana 4 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990 Pro*ect Team: Roland Klockow, P.E., Benton Harbor City Engineer Gerald R. Phipps, P.E., The Troyer Group, Inc. David C. Brown, AIA The Troyer Group, Inc. Kevin J. Fry, ASLA, The Troyer Group, Inc. Jim F. New, Biologist, J.F. New & Associates William M. Cremin, Ph.D., Professor of Archaeology, Western Michigan University John E. Peck, Ph.D., Quantach Research Associates Charette Participants: Glen Yarbrough, Parks Director, City of Benton Harbor Fred Sims, Commissioner, City of Benton Harbor Jim Howard, Planning Assistant, Southwestern Michigan Commission Cathie Cunningham, Coastal Management Program, Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources Jim Ribbens, Coastal Management Program, Michigan Dept of Natural Resources Walelign Wagaw, Grants Coordinator, Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Recreation Division Gale Jackson, Environmental Consultant, J.F. New & Associates Tom Post, Botanist, J. F New& Associates The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & MLshawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mcbigan December 1990 Executivc., Summary The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & MLshawaka, Indiana dean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 Executive Summary The mission of Jean Klock Park is to serve as a place of leisure for the local community. Leisure shall mean both active and passive recreation taking advantage of the site's natural assets. Secondarily, in the process of accomplishing this, it is hoped that the Park will attract tourists from out of town. Jean Klock Park has fallen into disrepair and is currently underused. An analysis of existing conditions found: - An archaeological site with artifacts from the time of the birth of Christ. - Facilities are vandalized and in poor condition. - Two sensitive ecological environments are in good condition. - There is no clear idea of who uses the Park, when they use it, and if they pay. - The entrance and image is depressing and foreboding. The.Park represents a significant potential asset for the community: - It is Benton Harbor's only lakefront property. It contains more than 3000 feet of beachfront with a market value in the millions of dollars. - It represents both an educational and recreational resource. The community has two options: 1 . Find a 'way to realize the economic value of this asset. (There are significant legal hurdles to be overcome.) 2. Develop and utilize the recreational / educational value of the Park. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 Developing and utilizing the Park is to be done is phases: Phase I Physical development includes: beach enhancement, dunes restoration, upgrading facilities, security fencing, new picnic facilities, observation towers, utility and road improvements to bring the Park back to a functional state. Program improvements, major event planning, and administrative restructuring are also included in Phase 1. Phase I Total: $562,400.00. Phase 11 Physical development includes: acquisition of wetland properties along the Paw Paw River, small boat launch along the Paw Paw River, an Interpretive Center at the current Jean Klock Park site, and the restoration of the railroad bridge at the confluence of the Paw Paw and St. Joseph Rivers. Phase /I Total: $ 2,284,200. 00. Phase III Physical development includes: a Conference and Retreat Center at the northernmost portion of the lakefront. Phase I// Total: $755,500.00. 1 Phase IV Physical development includes: a Great Lakes Aquarium on the current Jean Klock Park site. Phase IV Total: $3,528,900-00. The success of this plan is based upon increased use of the Park by everyone. Increased use will not happen magicall, . It will happen through investment, hard Y work, and positive image. Without a change in image there is little chance that this dream, this plan, will ever become a reality. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mehigan December 1990 Introduction The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 9 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Haxbor, AUchigan Decerriber 1990 Purpose of the Master Plan The Master Plan for Jean Klock Park has been undertaken in an effort to reassess existing facilities and set priorities for the future of this Park. A comprehensive review of this Park's natural resources, recreational facilities, and management concerns is necessary in order to address the varied issues affecting the current planning needs of the Park. The Master Plan is to be used for several purposes. It will serve as a basis for decisions on resource management, and recreation development. The plan will also serve as a guide for long-range budgeting by documenting the costs of proposed improvements, new facilities, and other management needs. It will be used as an information base for future i lanning and will serve as a source of lp reference to the public. Master Planninci Process The following chart represents the steps involved in the master planning process: INVENTORY& ANALY YNTHESIt MASTER IMPLEMENT RESEARCH LAN MASTER PLAN j History Development Objectives Recommended Potentials Plan Natural Resources' LimitI atlor is __&%velopment Cost 0, tions Estimates lp Existing Facilities Opportunities oncepts & Public FZslbillty Review E_ Surrounding Needs Land Use Park Visitor Characteristics The planning process provides a rational approach to decision making and S T :ER IMP LEh @@LAN T CMAS El provides the format for the Master Plan document. The Troyer Group, Enc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 10 Benton Harbor, Mehigan December 1990 General Park Description The Troyer Group, Lac. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park. Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 General Park Description Jean Klock Park is located in southwestern lower Michigan in the City of Benton Harbor. The Park property was donated to the City in 1917 by the Klock family in remembrance of their daughter Jean who died before her first birthday. The Park is located in Berrien County Michigan, and the Park serves both Benton Harbor and St. Joseph, as well as the surrounding communities. Jean Klock Park is a 76 acre property on Lake Michigan with approximately 3000 feet of beachfront, which makes this Park a significant community resource. There are open and wooded sand dunes, and wetlands on the property at an oxbow of the Paw Paw River. The dunes are in good condition and have recovered from overuse in past years. This Park is unique because the wetlands and dunes environments are in close proximity to each other. The property is quite valuable as an outdoor classroom and laboratory because of this. The Park currently has a significant image problem. This is partly due to underfunding and maintenance practices that have not kept up with vandalism. The image problem has resulted in underutilization, with Park attendance between four and seven thousand for the entire season. For a resource of this significance, attendance in the hundreds of thousands would not be unreasonable. In some ways the Park appears to be abandoned. Surrounding Land Uses The land uses surrounding Jean'Klock Park are significant when looking at what can be done, and how surrounding residents will be affected by its development. There is a residential subdivision to the North called Higman Park Subdivision, which is on a knoll overlooking the Park. There is also residential land use on Lake Michigan at the beachfront South of the Park and South of the Water Plant. A Michigan Highway #63 interchange forms the East boundary of the Park. Lake Michigan forms the West boundary of the Park. An abandoned industrial property formerly known as the Ausco Plant lies Southeast of the Park. This site is a suspected toxic waste dump. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 12 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Wchigan Decentber 1990 Demographics and* Market Information The Benton Harbor Metropolitan Statistical Area is an important recreation and tourism center for the State of Michigan. Berrien County ranks 1 3th of Michigan's 83 counties in the the total dollar expenditures generated by travelers. Berrien County is also rated 8th of Michigan's 83 counties as a location for temporary residents in the state. The population in Berrien County is projected to rise by approximately eight percent in the nexttwenty years. The primary market for the Benton Harbor Metropolitan Statistical Area which includes Berrien County is 168,000. This is the local population from which repeat use of the Park would take place. The secondary market, or trade area,that is influenced by this resource has a population of 986,800. This population comes from a large area incorporating seven counties: Berrien, Cass, Kalamazoo, Van Buren counties in Michigan; LaPorte, Porter, and St. Joseph counties in Indiana. It is important to note that tourist dollars accounted for an impact of $120,000,000 in Berrien County in 1986. (See Supporting Documents for entire Economic Analysis). The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 13 Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990- Site A-malysis and Existing Conditions The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 14 Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decerrtber 1990 A thorough analysis of the existing environments, both natural and man-made is necessary to adequately program future uses and conserve and protect sensitive environmental areas. These significant natural resources are analyzed to uncover their potential for preservation, interpretation, and recreation development. These resources include topography, geology, soils, water, vegetation, and wildlife. Also, existing man-made elements are studied to identify their impact and potential as far as programming park usage. The team assembled for the site analysis and the environmental analysis included archaeologists, wetlands biologists, botanists, environmental consultants, and landscape architects. In this way, pre-historic and historic features were analyzed. Sensitive environmental areas and threatened and endangered species were identified, and man-made elements were analyzed, as well as the human impact on this property. Archaeolociical Review A Phase I Archaeological Records Search, which included test digging was conducted by Dr. William Cremin of Western Michigan University. Although the Jean Klock Park site has had extensive alteration of natural landforms in historic times, one arch aeo logically significant site was discovered. Thirty-seven artifacts were located in a 60 meter square area near the City Pump Station, at the base of a bluff near what was once the edge of -the Paw Paw River. These artifacts are thought to be of the Middle Woodland Period (1 OOBC- 400AD). The site has been identified as Jean Klock Park Site (20BE413). See Dr. Cremin's full report in Supporting Documents. It is anticipated that a Phase 11 Archaeological dig will be conducted to further establish the significance of this site. Biologists' Review The biologists' analysis of this property identified natural systems present using a variety of tools . The Jean Klock Park site contains a number of ecosystems: the beach, open graminoid sand dunes, wooded dunes, upland areas, cattail marsh, marsh, wetlands, and old river channels. The Parks greatest asset other than the beach is the fact that a dunes ecosystem'and a wetlands ecosystem are in very close proximity to each other. This asset makes this Park ideal for environmental education and an open-air laboratory and classroom. The great challenge on this Park property will always be protecting these sensitive environments while allowing for human use and controlling that use to minimize damage. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana The Troyer Group, Inc. 15 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decernber 1990 Two general areas comprising the majority of the site are particularly sensitive to human impact. The sand dunes and the wetlands on this property are of a level of quality that they require protection from overuse. Their importance as a resource cannot be overestimated. At the same time, the possibility of significant damage by overuse by humans must also be taken into account. The sand dunes in particular can suffer tremendous damage if human impact is not controlled. With enough foot traffic, the vegetative cover dies, and the dune is opened up to wind erosion. Significant scouring and blowholes develop, and the character of the Park is changed in a very short period of time. Also, there were three endangered and threatened plant species encountered on the Park property: Rose-pink (Sabatia angularia), Swamp Rosernallow (Hibiscus moscheutos), and the Trailing Wild Bean (Strophostyles helvola). It is the opinion of the biologists that human interaction with these sensitive environments be controlled so that the resource is conserved and protected. At the ame time, the possibility must exist for human interaction with these environments. To accomplish this goal, it will be important to minimize foot traffic by providing S paved surfaces where possible, and elevated stairs and decks to keep foot traffic up off the sand dunes, so that it will be possible for people to reach the top of the dune to experience the panoramic views without damaging vegetation. Similarly, for people to interact and react with the wetlands environment, it will be important to construct a boardwalk of some sort that will allow people to penetrate the wetland without impacting it or damaging it. By allowing Park visitors to experience these environments, the possibility for educating the public as to how sensitive these environments are, and why they are worth protecting is enhanced. The resource has a better chance of being preserved. Landscape Architects' Review Project landscape architects went to Jean Klock Park to review the man-made elements, and made an assessment in response to the future usage of these elements for park and recreation use. Juvenile Play The existing tot lot at the Park is at this time in poor condition, which does not facilitate its usage. Most of the play equipment is at least partially buried in the sand , making it unusable. This tot lot is located in what was once the foredune. It is important for opportunities for juvenile play to take place at the Park, but apparently this is not the best location for this equipment. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 16 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchicran December 1990 Hard Surface Sports for The Park has an existing tennis court which also functions as a half court basketball. The surface of this court is cracked and has had some settling. The playing surface is not level, which makes the court unsafe for play. The settling in particular increases the possibility for injury. There were no nets for either sport at this court. It appears that at one time there had been fighting, but there are no fixtures present at this time. Water Sports Water sports at Jean Klock Park appear to be limited to recreational swimming. Other water sport usage was not observed. There were some boaters in the area, but it was not apparent that they were using the Park to drop anchor and swim. Participant Involvement The activities observed mainly in site visits centered around swimming and sunbathing, and some people walking C-1 dog. A number of people were observed using the Park in a passive way. Many sat in their cars to watch others swimming and sunbathing, or talking to each other-, or reading. No other activity was observed. Winter Activities There is no evidence at this time of any facilities for winter activities at this Park site. It is important to note that the winter climate on this site would be particularly hostile with wind off the lake and lake-effect snows, making this Park difficult to use in the winter time. Outdoor Education No formal facilities such as a nature center or educational signage is evident. There are no obvious walking paths seen during site visits. Unstructured Quiet Activities Jean Klock Park has no apparent areas designated for unstructured quiet activities. There were no facilities such as picnic tables or pavilions which might invite these kinds of activities. Outing, Sports, and Activities Historically, large groups have used this park for family reunions and baptismal services. It is important to note that there is no formal gathering space for such a group to assemble. Drinking Water The only water fountains observed at this site occur at the bathhouse. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 17 Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 Sanitary Facilities The existing bathhouse contains restrooms for public use. This building is in need of extensive repair. The roof needs repair or replacement, there are windows missing, and a number of the fixtures have been damaged or destroyed. It will be important in the future to maintain these facilities, and make sure repairs are made immediately for this Park to be successful. Showers There are showers located at the bathhouse. They don't appear to be in good condition. It was not known if these fixtures were operable. Protection from Weather There are no shelters other than the bathhouse existing in the Park. The bathhouse is not large enough to accommodate a large crowd in the event of a sudden storm. Activity Lighting Lighting for specific activities has not been observed. There is some security lighting along the boulevard along the beach. Safety Supervision Each time the Project Team visited the Park, there was no life guard on duty, and no sign posted "Swim at Your Own Risk". There is also no evidence of any sort of beach patrol or park management. In -the future, safety supervision will become an increasingly important issue especially when Park usage increases. Facility Maintenance As stated before, the bathhouse is in desperate need of repair. There does not appear to be evidence of regularly scheduled maintenance. From discussions with the City Parks Department it is understood that there is an underfunding problem that makes this Department unable keep up with maintenance. The need for maintenance is increased due to vandalism which results from a lack of security. Accessibility Accessibility to Jean Klock Park appears to be limited to vehicles. The Park is located in such a way that pedestrian access particularly by children is not necessarily safe. It is apparent that public transportation to the site is not available. Communications Communications equipment such as telephones are lacking in the Park. Access to telephones in an emergency situation will need to be considered as the Park begins to develop. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 18 Benton H&rbor, hfichigan Decernber 1990 Seating A great number of the benches along the boulevard at the Park are missing backs and seats. This is another area where maintenance has not taken place. Once again this has been a funding issue, not necessarily a reflection on the ability of the Parks Department to maintain their facilities. Electrical Lines The electrical lines to the security lights; along the boulevard have overhead wiring. This type of wiring is extremely unsafe, because it might be possible for someone to jump from the dune into the wiring, oi- fall into the wiring. It was also observed that some disconnected wiring loose on the ground. All wiring should be in underground conduit in public areas to minimize the possibility of injury or death. Security There is now no apparent way to secure this park property from the public after hours. Historically, this has meant vandalism and abusive use by people who enter the Park after 1 Opm and destroy benches and restroom facilities. It is impossible with the current funding situation for the City of Benton Harbor to continue to maintain facilities or replace items that have been destroyed if there is no means to secure this property. Park security will become an increasingly important issue as the number of Park users grows. Security fencing will be a first step in controlling access to this park. It may become apparent later on that security officers will be needed. M-63 Interchange This interchange, which forms the East boundary of the Park, is poorly maintained and contributes to the abandoned look of the area. The pavement and the guardrails are not maintained, and the mowing of the interchange is infrequent. This interchange is the "front door" of the Park, and will always contribute to the Park's image. The need for improved conditions in this area is clear. In summary, the overall condition of this Park as far as man-made features are concerned causes one to wonder if this-, Park has been abandoned for a number of years. The dunes sand that has been removed from the roadway has been piled along the streets far from the beach, which makes visibility a problem. The difficulty in maintaining the man-made facilities also contributes to the appearance of the Park being abandoned. One of the greatest concerns after reviewing this Park is helping to improve the image of Jean @Jock Park in such a way that people will be attracted to using this Park, and feel safe in doing that. In the same way, additional facilities are needed to increase use of the Park. Things like picnic shelters, tables, grills, and various elements that enhance the use of the beach in particular are needed. waka, Indiana The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mfsha Jean Klock Park Master Plan 19 Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990 Maps The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana Wisconcin Lake Huron Cana Gr n Bay Michigan Lake Gran Flint Mllwauk,ee Michigan Rapids Lansing Lake Detrot Er ie Benton v Harbor Chi ago 10 So h Bend Toledo Clevela 60 miles Illinois Gary Ohio Ft. Wayne Peoria 100 Miles Indiana 0 1* Columbus Indianapolis Cincinnati St Louis . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Everything from re-routing the Paw Paw River to flow directly to Lake Michigan through the Park, to different active recreation items like miniature golf, tennis, amphitheaters, and interpretive centers. A number of the plans have not paid close attention to environmental concerns, in fact some of them were relying on significant alteration of the site and the reestablishment of the vegetation to stabilize the dunes after they have been moved and altered. The thing that comes to mind in reviewing this park property is the fact that very little of this property is developable if the sand dunes, the beach and the wetlands are preserved. For that reason, a number of the past uses that have been proposed are most likely inappropriate for this site. In summary, a number of the former plans for the Park proposed considerable human impact on the environment, and the destruction of some of the sensitive environments on the site. This property, will always require a generous amount of sensitivity in the use of the Park and maintaining the natural resources that are available. Potential Attractions Part of the program for the Master Plan process was researching potential regional attractions that would have a tendency to draw from the secondary market of a seven county area. This part of the study was done simultaneously with the environmental assessment. The team look a look at several options, including: zoos, aquariums, botanic gardens, theme parks, water parks, and outdoor drama. It is now the opinion of the team that a number of these uses would not be appropriate at the Jean Klock Park site as it stands today. Some of these regional attractions would require much larger areas than are available on this site. This does not mean that these attractions are not suitable for Benton Harbor. What it does mean is that if these attractions were to occur as part of Jean Klock Park, they would need to be located on property now outside of Park boundaries. The fundability of these regional attractions has been a concern in view of the current financial status of the City of Benton Harbor. Attractions like theme parks, water parks, or outdoor drama would need to be financed by a developer, with the City leasing the property to the developer. In that respect, these are viable options, if more property were to become available. Zoos, aquariums, and botanic gardens can be combined quite easily. Financing this type of development will require a partnership between business, the public, as well as the City. These regional attractions require a great deal of aggressive fund raising, foundation and endowment creation, corporate sponsorship, environmental group sponsorship, special events, and public support in addition to gate receipts to reach a break- even status. Many of these facilities operate at a deficit, and for that reason this type of attraction is not recommended at this time. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana 28 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 Design Charette Results On October 30, 1990, the Project Team along with representatives of the City of Benton Harbor met to discuss the mission and goal of Jean Klock Park. Consultants reviewed site conditions and observations, and received input from charette participants. Representatives from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources were in attendance; the Grants Division as well as members of the Coastal Zone Management group. The Mission of Jean Klock Park Local representatives from the community defined the mission of the Park: The mission of Jean Klock Park is; to serve as a place of leisure for the local community. Leisure shall mean both active and passive recreation taking advantage of the site's natural assets. Secondarily, in the process of accomplishing this, it is hoped that the Park will attract tourists from out of town. Brainstorm Ideas: There were a number of ideas brought forth in the charette, both from members of the community as well as the consultants present. The ideas presented were varied. They are listed below in random order: The bathhouse and concession area need to be upgraded. Picnic areas should be improved. There should be a walking trail system -that should have a certain amount of accessibility for the handicapped. There should be an environmental nature center that will function as an outdoor classroom as well as a visitors center. There needs to be a maintenance facility with storage for equipment. There needs to enhancement of the wetlands and dunes ecology. The existing playground equipment needs to be relocated and improved. There needs to be a designated fishing area. There should be the possibility of a small boat launch on the Paw Paw River. There should be an option for a sailboat concession on the beach. There should be improved maintenance on the interchange. The Park needs a sense of arrival, a major entry gate feature to attract the public to the Park. Vehicular access needs to be controlled within the Park so there is no damage to the fragile environment. The foredune should be restored to control sand deposition. Parking spaces should be improved with pavement. Pedestrian access should be explored so that the handicapped have access to the beach, and the environment is protected at the same time. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & MLshawaka, Indiana 29 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Michigan December 1990 The dunes should be protected from human impact. All natural assets should be protected. There should be transportation for children to the beach. Swimming lessons and recreation programs should be offered at the beach. There should be access by bicycle or b@ walking from the City to the beach for .children in particular. Maintenance staff needs to be increased. A security guard or patrolman will probably be needed. There should be off-season activities at the Park. Cross-country skiing should be an option in the wintertime. Ice skating should be made available by filling & freezing one of the parking lots. One of the pavilions should be winterized. There should be a sense of positive attitude and positive ownership developed about Jean Klock Park. The Parks Department should develop a canoe concession on the Paw Paw River, which is an untapped resource at this time. Camping should be possible at the Park. There should be an isolated area for People to beach boats so that they can dock at the park without injuring swimmers. There should be a structure for open-air concerts. There should be a Jean Klock Triathlon. The Park should host regional competitions that would link the City of Benton Harbor with the Park. These require corporate sponsorships wherever appropriate. Jean Klock Park should be advertised by its major events throughout the season. The concessions should be money makers. Possibly lease to a concessionaire. There should be a balance between the sensitive areas on the site with the people who want to use those areas. The archaeological site should be fully researched by a university so there is no cost to the City. Jean Klock Park should generate community involvement. Improvements to the Park will be done in phases. The first impact should be of the least cost and the easiest to accomplish. There needs to be a balance between local and regional user needs. There needs to be a balance between development and the maintenance required to maintain that facility. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana dean Klock Park Master Plan 30 Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990 Funding Brainstorm Ideas: Yearly passes sold to the local community, and there should be a charge per car to enter the Park. Future Trust Fund monies will be directly tied to the approved 5-year master plan. There should be a recreation bond program developed. The Parks Department must cultivate park patrons and corporate sponsors for improvements and special programs. The City should seek fishing access grants for access on the Paw Paw River. It was discovered that the Paw Paw is a high quality river, and a significant resource to the community. Round up utility bills for the Parks Department. If the Park appears to be going under financially, then the Park should be turned over to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources or another similar entity. The consequence of this would cause Benton Harbor to lose all eligibility for grant monies permanently. If the Park appears to be going under financially, sell the property to a developer. The funds would go to the City oil Benton Harbor. The property is quite valuable with 3000+ feet of frontage on Lake Michigan. This option does have some snags--the current contract with MDNR does specify that the property would be permanently a part of Michigan's recreational resource. This scenario would require serious negotiations with MDNR. The Park needs to reach the break-even point within 36 months of implementation of the current grant or the City will not be able to carry the Park. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 31 Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decen-iber 1990 Phase I Physical Development The Phase I physical development for Jean Klock Park includes the restoration of the dunes, security fencing around the Park, repairing and upgrading the bathhouse, building a gatehouse, building some observation towers, creating picnic shelters with tables and grills, utility improvements, Grand Boulevard road improvements, and beach improvements. It was the feeling of the consultants from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources that the quality of the beach at Jean Klock Park should be a stand alone attraction for this property, and that this basic grant should restore this Park to a viable condition. Once attendance is up where it should be for this type of facility, which could go as high as 250,000 to 350,000 per season, user fees should be collected to offset expenses. For this initial phase, there has been nothing suggested in the way of a park office, or a maintainence facility. There should be space made available nearby, possibly at the Water Plant. If this idea is not viable, similar facilities should be secured nearby. Phase I development will begin to do many things for the Park. From the onset, the Park can be used as an outdoor classroom for the local school systems to explain to children how these sensitive environments in the dunes and the wetlands work: how the sand moves, how plants stabilize the dunes, how aquatic plants filter the water. Children can learn the benefits of these ecosystems and realize that they are surrounded by examples of these ecosystems. In doing so, an educated public will be prepared to preserve and enhance the special resources here at the Jean Klock Park site. In continuation of current services, the Park is a logical place to offer swimming lessons. They should be well staffed with life guards and people who are qualified to teach. This is an important program in every community, and especially one like Benton Harbor with two rivers and a Great Lake within the city limits. It is also possible for sailing lessons to be made available through a concessionaire, using small craft rentals suitable for novices. There are fishing opportunities at the Park in the old river channel at the eastern edge of the Park. Picnicking is another activity that will be enhanced by the new facilities. It is necessary to increase the opportunity and the quality of that experience in the Park. Sunbathing will continue to be popular on the beach, and elsewhere in the Park as well. This activity needs to controlled as to where this activity takes place within the Park so that the dunes environment is not damaged. The sunbathing also opens doors to selling sunbathing products at the concession stand. Food concessions will be available once again. It is suggested for financial viability that initially at least the food concessions should be handled as in theatres--a premium price for some of these concessions to generate operating funds. The Troyex Group, Inc. Goshen & Mb3hawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 32* Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decerriber 1990 Event planning will take on new significance as this Park is redeveloped. There is an image problem at Jean Klock Park now that needs to be overcome and a positive image enhanced. Major events like a Triathlon or Music in the Park will draw people to the Park who may not otherwise come, and help them realize that things are new and different, and that Jean Klock Park is a safe and fun place to go. The end result is that the general feeling about the Park is greatly enhanced, and this will boost attendance, and will increase financial viability. The citizens of Benton Harbor will benefit from the feeling of good will, and the spin-off economic benefits of tourism. Administrative Restructuring As Jean Klock Park is redeveloped and resurrected from its current condition, a number of administrative groups should be created to enhance this activity and revive this Park. The Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. needs to be created as a funding source for capital improvements and a permanent maintainence endowment. It is suggested that the core of this new foundation body be composed of key members of other local foundations. The importance of this new foundation cannot be overestimated for the long-term future of this Park. At the grass-roots level, Friends of Jean Klock Park should be developed. This group would be made up of local people who desire to have a share in Park improvements and particularly in program enhancement. Local citizens purchase memberships for the group. In turn, they receive a Park pass for the season, and newsletters, and other schedules and publications.. They feel they have some ownership in Jean Klock Park and in what is going on in the Park, and they become very proactive supporters of the Parks system. The user fees collected, as well as the profits collected from concessions and leases to concessionaires should be dedicated for operation and improvement of the Park.. The suggestion is a non-reverting capital fund that allows an accumulation of funds for major purchases and major capital improvements. This is not intended to cripple the City in collecting fees that might end up in the City General Fund, but helps create less burden on the City in the long run because the capital funds needed by the Park are generated by the Park. The Park has a better chance of becoming financially viable, as these funds are poured back into the physical plant. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mi-shawaka, Indiana 3*3 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor. Bfichioan Deceniber 1990 The State of Michigan also allows the creation of a Jean Klock Park Commission which would become a governing body for the Park. This governing entity would be a free-standing body not attached in any way to any municipality, county, or state recreation organization. It will be important at some point in the future for the Park to be 'an autonomous entity that promotes the City of Benton Harbor without being a burden to the City. This governing body would also coordinate any land acquisition, major development in the future as well, and would also be backed by the Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. and Friends of Jean Klock Park. This Commission would set Park standards as to how the property would be maintained, control hiring and firing, coordinate development, and also create the opportunity for regionalization of area recreational resources. Regionalization of recreational resources is clearly a trend of the future. Consolidation of recreational resources in a particular region allows for more cost effective management and elimination of duplication of services. A Conservancy Commission as a governing body might fill this function quite nicely. A fair amount of negotiation among existing recreational entities will be necessary to come to a consensus of regional recreational need and response to growth in the region. Phase 11 Development Phase 11 development includes a number of elements that go out beyond current property boundaries of Jean Klock Park.. At this stage of development, a Conservancy District should be created that would acquire wetland properties along the Paw Paw River just East of the current property. The Paw Paw River is a high quality waterway. It is undeveloped due to extensive marsh areas lining both sides of the Paw Paw for miles. This river has a very high potential for recreational use, particularly for fishermen. These wetland areas along the Paw Paw are not developable, as the wetlands are federally protected. In addition to the acquisition of some of these wetlands, it is possible to develop a canoe concession and boat launch on an old right-of-way East of the interchange on M-63. This would greatly enhance access to this waterway, and increase the recreation base for the Park system. Access to the Paw Paw has been very limited due to the presence of extensive wetlands, and also because of a railroad bridge that is still in use with only 53 inches of clearance. This railroad bridge was once engineered to rotate for boating access, and the restoration of the mechanism is an essential part of this phase. The water-based recreation potential within the city limits of Benton Harbor cannot be overestimated. There should also be coordinated efforts with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and various fishing clubs in seeing that the Paw Paw is stocked with game fish. This will allow for fishing contests, which will draw from the larger secondary market. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & MtShawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Haxbor, Mchigan Decerriber 1990 Also part of Phase 11 physical developrnent of the current Jean Klock Park property is the construction of the Interpretive Center. At the onset, a strong theme will be defined for the facility. This building will allow for education and provide meeting space for other groups, such as corporate seminars, clubs, etc. This will allow for increased Park usage, and will enhance the Park's image from a public relations standpoint. This facility will become increasingly important for environmental education for area school children. The funding for the Interpretive Centerat Jean Klock Park will most likely come from a combination of private funds, corporate sponsorships, the general public, and grant monies from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. This is an effort that will require a great deal of coordination, which should be done by the Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. Phase III Development Phase III development for Jean Klock Park includes construction of a Conference and Retreat Center on the site of the old Higman Park Dance Hall at the extreme northernmost point of the property. This portion of the property is owned by the City of Benton Harbor, but was not part of the original gift of the Klock family. This facility will expand upon the mission and goal of the Interpretive Center as far as providing quality gathering space for various types of groups. This facility is envisioned to provide overnight accommodations and meals for groups, along with flexible meeting room@. The funding of this facility may take two routes. As with the Interpretive Center, this facility may be funded by a combination of public, private, and state funds. The other possibility for funding this facility will be for the City to lease the land to a developer with restrictive covenants on use and architecture. This option will require further study for an implementation plan that is advantageous to the City. Phase IV Development (Optionaa Phase IV development for Jean Klock Park entails construction of a Great Lakes Aquarium on the fill area at the wetlands on the original property. This facility is envisioned to greatly enhance the interpretive and educational aspects of programs in place by this time. This one of a kind facility will draw heavily from the secondary market, pulling tourists from a large regional area. The facility will feature Great Lakes ecosystems in a unique, state-of-the-art format adjacent to the wetlands ecosystems found at the Park. This phase of development assumes a very successful Jean Klock Park prior to this point, significant public support, and access to funding outside the community. This phase is very long-range, and will require a well-run park system, and a well-seasoned and active Jean Klock Park Foundation. Generally this type of facility requires continued subsidies for a portion of operating expenditures. This phase of development will be quite expensive; its estimated cost in 1990 dollars is close to $3,500,000, approximately 68% of the total development costs projected for this park. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana 35 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Haxbor, Mchigan Decerriber 1990 Attendance Goals:. As mentioned before, the current attendance at Jean Klock Park is far below the average for similar parks in other parts of southwestern lower Michigan. The current attendance is between 4,000 and 7,000 annually. The following park systems in southwestern lower Michigan that keep attendance statistics show the range of the number of park visitors in proportion to the amount of beachfront available. This information is useful in roughly predicting possible attendance figures for a renovated Jean Klock Park. The other factor that is a determinant in the number of beach users is the amount of parking available. The range of figures are illustrated in the chart below: Park System Attendance beachfront (feet) City of Holland 1,528,606 1600 Warren Dunes (State) 1,047,631 3500 Van Buren County 389,952 2927 City of Saugatuck 40,909 11,880 City of Bridgman 60,000 900 Ottawa County 137,964 N/A Jean Klock Park 71,000 3,300 The maximum number of people that this park property could handle is somewhere in the neighborhood of 350,000 people in a year. It will take a great deal of time for attendance to come anywhere near that level. It would be completely reasonable to expect 100,0130 to 150,000 within three years of implementation of this Master Plan. Below is a chart illustrating desired attendance growth: 35.0000 POSSIBLE ATTENDANCE GROWTH 300000 250000 200000 ' 50000 j 100000 50000 0 a i. 94 The anticipated attendance growth shown is dependent on the completion of Phase I development, and the aggressive promotion of the Park. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana The Troyer Group, Inc. 36 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decernber 1990 User Fees: User fees should be charged for use of Jean Klock Park after Phase I improvements. User fees will generate revenues for a non-reverting capital fund, as well as operating expenses and a long-range maintenance endowment. It is suggested that there be a parking fee for every car entering the Park: $1.00 for local cars, $2.00 for Michigan residents and $3.00 for out-of-state vehicles. Fees should be collected seven days a week from May 15th to September 15th for at least the first few years. There needs to be a strong accountability system for Park employees who collect funds from the public to insure uniformity of services provided, and maximum collection. Food should be sold for profit as done in movie theaters, for instance. Other concessions may be leased to concessionaires with lease fee and percentage of gross sales coming back to the Park. Other possible concessions for the Park would include: small sailboats, souvenirs, cabanas, umbrellas, tanning products and canoes. Another source of user fees will be picnic shelter rentals for groups. Depending upon the size of the shelter, a fee of $75.00 to $100.00 per shelter may be collected for special gatherings. These rentals should be reserved in advance with a non- refundable deposit of $25.00 to hold the date. As Park usage increases, it may be possible to rent the shelters more thanonce a day. As Phase I improvements are completed, it is important that this Park is operated like a responsible business with tight controls on how money is collected, handled, and spent with little room for abuses or mishandling of funds. A very high level of accountability will have to be achieved for all employees who are handling monies. The future of Jean Klock Park is very much dependent upon the prudent handling of funds. Any abuses in the collection or reporting of user fee collections will jeopardize Benton Harbor's ability to keep this Park financially viable, which will in turn permanently damage the relationship between the City and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and exempt the City from future use of state funds. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana 37 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Michigan December 1990 Construction Cost Estimates:, The chart belo w includes all constructed items shown on the Master Plan, and a tentative schedule for implementation. The schedule shows items in a possible sequence that shows the number of dollars needed for capital improvements corresponding with growing attendance. These figures are in 1990 dollars, and an inflation factor will need to be computed when the actual construction is implemented. PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III PHASE IV CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS TOTAL COST 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 2010 AQUARIUM $3,500,000 $3,500,000 BATHHOUSE IMPROVEMENTS $19,400 $19,400 BEACH GROOMING EQUIPMENT $27,000 $27,000 BEACHIMPROVEIVIENTS $12,000- $12,000 _ BENCHES $30,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 BOARDWALK $14,000 $14,000 BUOYS & FLOATING LANE MARKERS $6,700 $3,700 $3,000 CONCESSIONS EQUIPMENT $3,000 $1,000 $500 $500 $500 $500 CONFERENCE CENTER $385,000. $385.000 DUNES RESTORATION $110,000 00 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 EQUIPMENT BARN $30,000 $30,000 GRAND BOULEVARD IMPROVEMENTS $15,000 $15,000 GRILLS $14,000 $7,000 $7,000 INTERPRETIVE CENTER 90,000 $90,000 LAND ACQUISITION--PAW PAW $1,000,000 $1,000,000 LIGHTING STANDARDS $92,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 LOADER AND DUMP $40,000 $40.000 OBSERVATION TOWER $120,000 $60,000 $60,000 OFFICES $22,500 $22,500 PAVING PARKING LOTS $120,000 $120, 00 PEDESTRIAN PATHS (BITUMINOUS) $23,800 $8,800 $8,000 $7,000 PICKUP TRUCK $22,000 $22,000 PICNIC SHELTERS $110,000 $30,000 $20,000 $20,000 $40,000 PICNIC TABLES $45,000 $20,000 $10,000 $15,000 PLAYGROUND STRUCTURE $5,600 $5.600 PORTABLE BANDSHELL $18,500 $18,500 PORTABLE BLEACHERS $15,600 $15,600 PORTABLESTAGE $12,000 $12,000 PROFESSIONAL FEES $45,000 $45,100 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM $1,200 $1,200 RAILROAD BRIDGE IMPROVEMENTS $1,000,000 $1,000,000 SEALING PARKING LOTS $42,300 $14,100 $14,100 $14,100 SECURITY FENCING $65,000 $65,000 SIGNAGE $6,500 $4,500 $2,000 STRIPING PARKING LOTS $2,400 $800 $800 $800 SWEEPER ATTACHMENT-TRACTOR $4,500 $4,500 TRASH RECEPTACLES $13,500 $8,500 $2,500 $2,500 TREES $24,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 UTILITY IMPROVEMENTS $50,000 $50,000 TOTALS: $7,158,000 $562,400 $133,800 $1,177,400 $1,312,600 $442,900 $3,528,900 The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 38 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Haibor, Mehigan December 1990 The following bar chart illustrates the cash flow for constructed items as shown in the chart on the previous page: CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY PHASE $4,000,000 $3,500,000 $3,528,9 00 $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,490,000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,000,000 $669,200 $500,000 $442,900 $0 PHASE I PHASE 11 PHASE III PHASE IV The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 39 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Hax-bor, Mchigan December 1990 Development Process The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mlshawaka, Indiana 40 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Michigan Decerriber 1990 Implementation Schedule The following chart illustrates a tentative construction schedule. Capital Improvements are sequenced to correspond with increased Park use. Although specific years are shown on this chart, each group of improvements could be implemented on a much longer schedule. This chart is intended to illustrate an aggressive development program. Individual items on the chart are ones illustrated on the Master Plan, which maximize the use of the current Jean Klock Park site. PHASE I PHASE 11 PHASE III PHASE IV CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS TOTAL COST 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 2010 AOUARIUM $3.500,0 0 $3,500,000 BATHHOUSE IMPROVEMENTS $19,400 $19,400 BEACH GROOMING EQUIPMENT $27,000 $27,000 BEACH IMPROVEMENTS $12,000 $12,000 BENCHES $30,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 BOARDWALK $14,000 $14,000 BUOYS & FLOATING LANE MARKERS $6,700 $3,700_ $3,000 CONCESSIONS EQUIPMENT $3,000 $1,000- $500 $500 $500 $500 CONFERENCE CENTER $385,000 $385,000 DUNES RESTORATION $110,000 $60,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10.000 EOUIPMENT BARN $30,000 $30,000 GRAND BOULEVARD IMPROVEMENTS $15,000 $15,000 GRILLS $14,000 $7,000_ $7,000 INTERPRETIVE CENTER $90,000 $90,000 LAND ACQUISITION-PAW PAW $1,000,000 $1,000,000 LIGHTING STANDARDS $92,500 $18,500. $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 LOADER AND DUMP $40,000 $40,000 OBSERVATION TOWER $121,0011 $10,000- $60,000 OFFICES $22,500 $22,500 PAVING PARKING LOTS $120,000 $120,00 PEDESTRIAN PATHS (BITUMINOUS) $23,800 $8,800 $8,000 $7,000 PICKUP TRUCK $22,000 $22,000 PICNIC SHELTERS $110,000 $30,000_ $20,000 $20,000 $40,000 PICNIC TABLES $45,000 $20,000 $10,000 $15,000 PLAYGROUND STRUCTURE $5,600 $5,600 PORTABLE BANDSHELL $18,500 $18,500 PORTABLEBLEACHERS $15,600 $15,600 PORTABLESTAGE $12,000 $12,000 PROFESSIONAL FEES $45,000 $45,000 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM $1,200 $1,200 RAILROAD BRIDGE IMPROVEMENTS $1,000,000 $1,000,000 SEALING PARKING LOTS $42,300 $14,100 $14,100 $14,100 SECURITY FENCING $65,000 $65.00 1 SIGNAGE $6,600 $4.500 $2,000 STRIPING PARKING LOTS $2,400 $800 $800 $800 SWEEPER ATTACHMENT-TRACTOR $4,500 $4,500 TRASH RECEPTACLES $13,500 $8,50) $2,500 1 $2,500 TREES $24,000 _ $4,000 1 $4000 $4,000 1 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 UTILITY IMPROVEMENTS $50,000 $50,ooo ( . I I TOTALS: $7,158,000 $562,400 $133,800 $1,177,400 $1,312,600 $442,900 $3,528,900 The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 41 Benton Himbor, Pffichigan December 1990 Funding ources: There are a number of options available to a parks system for securing funds for capital development projects. Public support for the projects is an essential first step. Nearly all grant programs require local matching funds, which are often the most difficult portion of a grant package! to assemble. The exploration for new funding sources will always require consistent effort. Some major capital improvement projects may benefit from a professional fundraiser, although few parks development projects would justify this expense. Below is a checklist of possible funding sources: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Recreation Division Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Michigan Coastal Zone Management Michigan Department of Commerce Soil Conservation Service Local Foundations Corporate Sponsorships Community Development Block Grants 'Community Economic Development Corporation Conservation Groups Sierra Club Audobon Society Sportfishing Clubs Recreation Bonds Millage Private Donations City of Benton Harbor General Fund User Fees Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. The Friends of Jean Klock Park Round up Utility Bills for Parks In-Kind Services, (for the local matching funds) Community Service Clubs The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 42 Benton Harbor, bUchigan DeceTnber 1990 Management Plan The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 43 Benton Hwtor, Wchigan Decern.ber 1990 Management Structure The City of Benton Harbor has a number of management options available to make Jean Klock Park successful onceagain. The refurbishing of the Park sets a new milestone in the Park's history, and administrative restructuring can easily take place at the same time and be well received by the public. The following management options exist: 1 . Maintain the current system. Jean Klock Park would be operated and maintained by the City Parks and Recreation Department, and overseen by the Parks Director. 2. Create the Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. as a not-for-profit entity. The Foundation could function as operator of the Park, removing the burden from the City. This group would function as an interim step until a permanent governing body could be created. The primary function of the Foundation would be raising funds for capital improvements and the creation of a maintenance endowment, but it might temporarily function as operator of the Park. 3. Create the Jean Klock Park Commission as a legal entity for the purpose of the management of the Park. This group would relieve the City of management responsibilities and control hiring, firing, adm'inistrative tasks, construction administration, fee control and programming of activities. This entity has the greatest potential for responding to regionalization of the area parks systems. 4. Approach another recreation management group (County or State) to manage the Jean Klock Park site. The City of Benton Harbor would still own the property. 5. Release the property to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 44 Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Hw,-bor, Michigan Decem.ber 1990 Staffing Requirements The following chart illustrates a probable staffing scenario with salaries projected for the first five years. As Park attendance increases dramatically, additional maintenance staff may be required. Note that in year three.a Naturalist is added. This position is optional. Due to budget constraints, the staffing shown in the first year may have to be modified. User fees and concession sales will be a driving factor in staffing increases, and both are totally dependent on increased attendance. Salaried employees show a 5% pay increase yearly. F-PHASE I PHASE 11 PHASE III STAFF TIME #STAFF 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 PARK SUPERINTENDENT FULL 1 $0 -$27.500 $30-000 $32.500 $34,000 MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR FULL 1 $18,000- $19,000 $20,000 $21,000 $22,000 MAINTENANCE LABORER FULL 2 $0, $14,000 $28,000 $30,000 $32,000 GATEATTENDANT PART 3 $6,048 $6,344 $6,720 $11,760 $12,348 SENIOR LIFE GUARD PART 1 1 $0 $6,720 $7,056 $7,409 $7,780 LIFE GUARD PART 6 $8,467_ $11,290 $14,112 $16,670 $19,604 NATURALIST FULL 1 $ L $0 $0 $19,500 $20,475 CLERICALWORKER PART -1 $0 -. $5,200 $5,460 .$5,733 $6,019 CONCESSIONS WORKER PART 3 -1 $0 $5,645 $5,927 $6,223 ISECURITY FULL 2 $8,00 $9,000 $16,500 $24,500 $29,400 SUBTOTAL $40,515 $99,054 $133,493 $174,999 $189,849 X BENEFITS X 27%. X 2 7% X 27*/6' X 2 7% X 271% TOTAL SALARY EXPENDITURES: $51,454 $125,799 $169,536 $222,249 $241,108 The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 45 Benton Harbor, Mchigan Decerrtber 1990 Operating Expenses The chart below shows basic operating expenses projected for five years. These items are anticipated to be needed every year. A dramatic increase in the number of park users will create the need to modify these figures. This is an area where cost containment is essential, and must be balanced with high maintenance standards. New programs at the Park will alter the items listed. Operating expenses need to be analyzed annually. PHASE I PHASE I I PHASE III ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS -1991 '1992 1993 1994 1-995 PHCNE $750 $900 $1,080 1,296 $1,555 OFFICE SUPPLIES $750 $900 $1,080 $1,296 $1,555 GASOLINE & OIL $1,850 $2,220 $2,664 $3,197 $3,836 PAINT $350 $420 $504 $605 $726 CONCESSIONS EQUIPMENT $350 $420 $504 $605 $726 HAND TOOLS $150 $180 $216 $259 $311 TRASH BAGS $560 $672 $806 $968 $1,161 TRASH SERVICE $3,000 $3,600 $4,320 $5,184 , $6,221 WINTERIZE BUILDINGS $300 $360 $432 $518 $622 LIGHT BULBS $250 $300 $360 $432 $518 FLOWERS $200 $240 $288 $346 $415 SIGNAGE REPLACEMENT $350 $420 $504 $605 $726 EXCELSIOR MATTING $1,500 $1,800 $2,160 $2,592 $3,110 MARRAM GRASS 1 000 $1,200 $1,440 $1,728 2,074 SNOWFENCE $250 $300 $360 $432 $518 CLEANING SUPPLIES $650 $780 $936 $1,123 $1,348 EDUCATION SUPPUES $1,500 $1,800 $2,160 $2,592 $3,110 PUBLICITY $2,500 $3,000 $3,600 $4,320 $5,184 PAMPHLETS $1,500 $1,800 $2,160 $2,592 $3,110 PARKING STICKERS $300 $360 $432 $518 $622 WINDOW REPLACEMENT $150 $180 $216 $259 $311 ELECTRICITY $1,800 $2,160 $2,592 $3,110 3,732 HEATING $800 $960 $1,152 $1,382 $1,659 VEHICLE MAINTENANCE $1,000 $1,200 $1,440 $1,728 2,074 FXrURE REPLACEMENT $600 $720 $864 $1,037 $1 244 TREES $500 $600 $720 $864 1 037 SUBTOTAL- $22,910 $27,492 $32,990 $39,588 -$47,506 The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 46 Benton Harbor, Michigan December 1990 Capital Improvements The chart below shows all Capital Improvements for Jean Klock Park as illustrated on the Master Plan, as well as a projected time frame for implementation. These items can be juggled according to what monies are available. PHASE I PHASE I I PHASE III PHASE IV CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS TOTA COST 1991 1992 1993 1 1994 1995 2010 AQUARIUM $3,500,000 $3,500,000 BATHHOUSE IMPROVEMENTS $19,400 $19,400 BEACH GROOMING EQUIPMENT $27,000 $27,000 BEACH IMPROVEMENTS $12,000 $12,000 BENCHES $30,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 BOARDWALK $14.000 $14,000 BUOYS & FLOATING LANE MARKERS $6,700 $3,700 $3,000 CONCESSIONS EQUIPMENT $3,000 $1,000 $500 $500 $500 $500 CONFERENCE CENTER $385,000 $385,000 DUNES RESTORATION $110,000 $60,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 EQUIPMENT BARN $30,000 $30,000 GRAND BOULEVARD IMPROVEMENTS $15,000 $15,000 GRILLS $14,000 $7,000 $7,000 INTERPRETIVE CENTER $90,000 $90,000 LAND ACQUISITION--PAW PAW $1,000,000 $1,000,000 LIGHTING STANDARDS $92,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 $18,500 LOADER AND DUMP $40,000 $40,000 OBSERVATION TOWER $120,000 $60,000 $60,000 OFRCES $22,500 $22,500 PAVING PARKING LOTS $120,000 $120,000 PEDESTRIAN PATHS (BITUMINOUS, $23,800 $8,800 $8,000 $7,000 PICKUP TRUCK $22,000 $22,000 PICNIC SHELTERS $110,000 $30,000 $20,000 $20,000 $40,000 PICNIC TABLES $45,000 $20,000 $10,000 $15,000 PLAYGROUND STRUCTURE $5,600 $5,600 PORTABLE BANDSHELL $18,500 $18,500 PORTABLE BLEACHERS $15,600 $15,600 PORTABLESTAGE $12,000 $12,000 PROFESSIONAL FEES $45,000 $45,000 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM $1,200 $1,200 RAILROAD BRIDGE IMPROVEMENTS $1,000,000 $1,000,000 SEALING PARKING LOTS $42,300 $14,100 $14,100 $14,100 SECURITY FENCING $65,000 $65,000 SIGNAGE $6,500 $4,500 $2,000 STRIPING PARKING LOTS $2,400 $800 $800 $800 SWEEPER ATTACHMENT-TRACTOR $4,500 $4,500 TRASH RECEPTACLES $13,500 $8,500 $2,500 $2500 TREES $24,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 UTILITY IMPROVEMENTS $50,000 $50,000 TOTALS: $7,158,000 $562,400 $133,800 $1,177,400 $1,312,600 $442,900 $3,528,900 The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 47 Benton Harbor, Wchigan Deceniber 1990 Non-Reverting Capital Fund In order to keep Jean Klock Park viable, a non-reverting capital fund must be created. Monies generated at the Park need to be reinvested in the Park. Funds reverting back to the City General Fund will for the most part be lost for future . development. This Fund is necessary for matching funds for grants programs for capital projects. It is also suggested that 10% of this fund be permanently conserved as a maintenance endowment in perpetuity to keep the Park from falling into disrepair. Expenditures Summary The chart below summarizes projected Capital Improvements, Salaries, and Operating Costs for a five year period. This is a possible scenario, and will require modification once implemented., It is intended to be a tool for visualizing the scope of the Master Plan if compressed into a five year period. FIVE YEAR SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES: PHASE I PHASE I I PHASE III ITEM 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES $562,400 $133,80) $1,177,400 $1,312,600 $442,900 STAFF SALARIES $51,454 $125,79 i $169,536 $222,249 $241,108 OPERATING EXPENSES 1 $22,910 $27,49? $32,990 $39.588 1 $47,506 GRANTS) 1$500,000), $0 ($1,000,000). ($1,000,00O)l $0 TOTALS: $136,764 $287,091 $379,926 $574,437 $731,514 ESTIMATED # VISITORS 42,000 84,0)0 168,000 252,000 336,000 AVERAGE #VISITORS/DA) 280 560 1,120 1,680 2,240 (PER 150 DAY SEASON) COST PER VISITOR M26 $3.42 $2.26 $2.28 $2.18 (FOR ALL PROGRAMS) SALARIES + OPERATING $74,364 $153,291 $202,526 $261,837 $288,614 COST PER VISITOR $1.77 $1.82 $1.21 $1.04 $0.86 (SALARIES + OPERATING) % LOCAL USERS 40 130 20 15 NO. LOCAL USERS 16,80-0- 25.200 33,600 37,800 37,800 LOCAL PARKING FEE 1 $6,720 1 $10,08! $13,440 20 $15,120 TOURIST PARKING FEE 1 $30,240 $70,560 $161 280 $257,040 $358,848 TOTAL PARKING FEES 1 $36,960 $80,640 $174,720 $272,160 $373,968 PARKING FEEMSITOR $0.88 $0 q6 $1.04 $1.08 $1.1 The Troyer Group, luc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 48 Benton Hexbor, Mchigan Decerriber 1990 Revenue Potential The chart above illustrates the revenues needed for Jean Klock Park to reach a break-even stage. The estimated number of visitors has been plugged into the summary of expenditures in order to calculate the cost per visitor at various stages of development. Also, the cost per visitor has been calculated with capital improvements removed for costs for purely operations. Parking fees have been calculated as well. It appears that the break-even point for Jean Klock Park will be met when attendance reaches 150,000 to 175,000 people in a season, and figures assume concessions profits with parking fees would generate these funds. The bar chart below further illustrates the Summary of Expenditures: 'FIVE YEAR SUMMARY GRAPH 5 506 1$241,108 $442,900 588 $222.249 $1.312,600 69,536 _$1,177,4oo .799 133,800 1 @$562,400 $0 $200,000 $400,000 $600,000 $800,000 $1,000,000 $1,200,000 $1,400,000 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES El STAFF SALARIES 01 OPERATING EXPENSES 3 4 9 7 5 329 0 8 476 3 9 3 32 .990 90 $1 6' $1 27492 9 $1 $125.7j' 5 $133, @q10 22 @910 $1,5 $51,454 The Tro3rer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 49 dean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Afichigan Decen-iber 1990 Maintenance Standards A Maintenance Standards Manual for parks employees needs to be prepared and followed. In the future, maintenance standards must be much higher, and repairs must be made immediately for Jean Klock Park to be successful. The creation of a maintenance endowment should aid considerably in providing adequate funding for maintenance. Accountability For the Park to be successful, the park management must build accountability into the management scheme. Anyone who handles money needs to be accountable for the handling or mishandling of those funds. Leaving room for abuses will jeopardize the future of the Park. Financially resurrecting the Park is a difficult task to begin with, but abuses may prevent -the Park from being viable within the 36 month time period allowed by the City. The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & M"ishawaka, Indiana so Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990-- Public Hearing The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mtshawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 51 Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 On December 17, 1990, the Jean Klock. Park Master Plan was presented to the public. The current Master Plan for the property was well received by the public. The general feeling by the public was that they were anxious for any positive action at the Park to happen. Two concerns were voiced repeatedly: 1 . Security. How will access to the Park be controlled after hours? Will there be security guards after hours? (There will be security fencing to secure the Park after hours, and a part-time independent security guard has been budgeted.) 2. Gentrification. Will the improvements to Jean Klock Park result in user fees that will prevent poorer local people from using the Park? (The Mission of Jean Klock Park, as described by residents of the community, was to first serve the local population. That is sue has been at the core of the master planning process from the beginning.) The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan 52 Benton Harbor, Mchigan Deceniber 1990 Supporting Documents INDEX: Economic Analysis; Archaeological Survey Report Biologist's Vegetation Inventory The Troyer Group, hic. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana Jean Klock Park Master Plan Benton Harbor, Mehigan December 1990 Economic Analysis The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 54 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS JEAN KLOCK PARK MASTER PLAN By: John E. Peck, Ph.D. Quantach Research Associates September 26, 1990 55 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS JEAN KLOCK PARK MASTER PLAN 1. Introduction. Jean Klock Park is located along the Lake Michican shoreline in Benton Harbor, Michigan. Benton Harbor and its sister city, St. Joseph, are the principal cities of Berrien County, which also marks the boundaries of the Benton Harbor Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The area's non-profit Community Economic Development-Corporation (CEDC) comprises a ggeographic region consisting of seven separate but closely interrelated communities: the cities of Benton Harbor and St. Joseph; charter townships of Benton and St. Joseph; and, -,townships of Hagar, Lincoln an,d Royalton. Jean Klock Park is one of a number of public recreation areas along the CEDC's 20 miles of lakefront -- the area's distincuishina recreational asset. The purpose of this section of the Jean Klock Park Master Plan. is to report on available demographic and economic data for the project market area, and to determine the market potential for revenue producing attractions. 2. Demographic/Economic Data for the Project Market Area. a. Population. As is rioted in Table 1, the 1990 preliminary census results.show a count for the CEDC service area and for Berrien County of 68,342 and 158,732, respectively. Applicable governmental units, like the majority of others throughout the midwestern states have appealed the count on the contention that numerous residents were omitted. If, following the appeal, the preliminary count should prove accurate, these decreases would represent 8.8 and 7.3 percent declines from the 56 Table 1. POPULATION STATISTICS 1960 1970 1980 1990* 2000* 2010* CEDC Service Area 67,911 74,436 74,919 75,078 78,929 85,305 Berrien County 149,865 163,940 171,276 168,979 175,952 182,596 CEDC as a % of County 45% 45% 44% 44% 45% 47% *Projections Source: "Factbook", The Southwestern Michican Commission Note: The 1990 preliminary count: came in as 68,342; 158,732; and, 4.3%. This count is being appealed On the basis 0 that it is considered low. .1980 census. On the other hand, if following the appeal, it would be determined that the earlier projections were accurate, there would be growth from 1980 of 0.2 percent for the CEDC-and a marginal decrease of 1.3 percent for 'Berrien County. It is also important to note that demographers have projected significant increases for both areas in the 20,00 and 2010 censuses -- 5.1 and 8.1 percent for the CEDC, and 4.1 and 3.8 percent for Berrien County, Population trends by age group are provided in Table 2. Decreases in the youngest age category (18-24) were offset by Table 2. POPULATION HISTORY BY AGE-GROUP Berrien Cty. 1982 1984 1986 1988 Ag'es 18-24 11.6% 10.9% 10.4% 9.7% Ages 25-34 16.1% 16.4% 16.4% 16.5% Ages 35-49 17.0% 17.9% 18.9% 19.9% Ages 50+ 26.1% 26.0% 26.0% 26.0% Source: "Sales and Marketing Management", various issues 1983-89. 57 increases among persons aged 35 through 49. The other two categories were relatively constant during the reporting period, which is a pattern similar to that found in comparable State of Michigan and U.S. population statistics. The overall effect of these trends is an increasing median age of the population throughout the nation, although it is noted in Table 3 that @he Table 3. MEDIAN AGE OF POPULATION 1982 1984 1986 1988 Berrien County 30.7 31.3 31.9 32.3 Benton Harbor 21 22.4 23 23.4 Source: "Sales and Marketina Management", various issues 1983-89. median age of a resident of Benton Harbor, 23.4 years, is nine years lower than that, 32.5 years, found in the County as a whole. b. Households. As of 1988, there were 63,000 households in Berrien County. This represents 1.8 percent of the state's total of 4,423,100. As will be noted in Table 4, the Table 4. NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS (000) 1982 1984 1986 1988 Berrien County 62.2 60.6 61.2 63.0 Benton Harbor 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 Source: "Sales and Marketing Management", various issues 1983-89 58 1988 count continued a reversal from the decline reported in 1984. The City of Benton Harbor consists of 4,700 households, a figure that has been constant in the six year period reported. C. Income. Estimates of "effective buying income" (EBI) by state, county and major cities are published annually by Sales and Marketing Management magazine. Effective buying income is analocous to disposable income, that is, personal income less personal tax and nontax payments. Table 5 shows adjusted EBI for Berrien County amounting to $1.981 billion. Adjustment was made Table 5. EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME - BERRIEN COUNTY (Billions) 1982 1984 1986 1,988 1988 Unadj. Adjusted $1.511 $1.699 $1.893 [$1.7851 $1.981 Source: "Sales and Marketing Manacement", various issues 1983-89. 0 0 Note: S&MM magazine revised EBI calculation bv an average of 111% becinninc with 1988 f2.,ures. 1988 Adjusted adds 11% over un- adjusted 1988 for comparison purposes. to account for a chance in methodology that averaged an 11 percent reduction from the previously used method. The adjustment was made in this report to permit comparison with estimates of prior years. Table 6 provides estimates of median household EBI for Berrien County and the City of Benton Harbor. These estimates indicate that median household income increased in current dollar terms by 10.5 and.12.6 p ercent, respectively. The Consumer Price 59 5 Table 6. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME 1982 1984 1986 1988 1988 Unadj. Adjusted Berrien county 21,743 25,100 23,557 [21,631] 24,033 Benton Harbor 12,704 14,959 14,101 [12,886] 14,304 Source: "Sales and Marketing Management", various issue-s 1983-89. Note: S&MM maaazine revised EBI calculation 0 by an average of 11%. beginning with 1983 0 f ioures . 1988 Adjusted adds 11'. over un- adj"usted 1988 for comparison purposes. Index for the nation as a whole rose 23.1 percent during the 0 same period. Table 7 provides a breakdown of househol.d EBI by various income categories exceeding $10,000. Table 7. PERCENT HOUSEHOLDS BY EFFECTIVE BUYING INCOME Berrien Co. ($000) 1982 1984 1986 1988 10-ig.9 25.5% 22.7% 23.6% 24.7% 20-34.9 3 2 . 6 29.9% 27.6%. 28.4/7. 35-49.9 15 . 7 /% 20.1% 17 . 3 '1'07 15 . 5 %' 50+ 5 .91/0, 10.. 6 % 12.3% 9 .6-/-07 Source: "Sales. and Marketing Manaaement", various issues 1983-89. d. Trade Area Demographics. The Community Economic Development Corporation has identified its trade area as encompassing Berrien, Cass, Kalamazoo, and Van Buren counties in Michigan, and LaPorte, Porter, and St. Joseph counties in bordering Indiana. Table 8 provides a summary,of trade area 60 Table 8. TRADE AREA DEMOGRAPHICS - 1988 No Medi"an Population Median Households Household (000) Ace (000) EBI MICHIGAN COUNTIES Berrien 167.9 32.5 63.0 $21,651 Cass 50.1 33.3 18.5 $23,/-38 Kala@nazoo 221.1 30.4 83.5 $27,354 Van Buren 71.0 32.6 26.0 $18,622 INDIANA COUNTIES LaPorte 107.0 32.7 37.5 $23,391 Porter 128.2 30.0 44.0 $30,050 St. Joseph 241.5 32.8 90.6 213, 641 Source: "Sales and Marketinc, Mariaoement", 1989. demographics wherein 1988 population, median age, number of households, and median household E13I are listed by trade area counties. Table 9 provides five year projections (1988-1993) of populati on, total retail sales, and total effective buying income for the seven county trade area. For comparative purposes, population is projected to increase in all of Michigan's metropolitan counties over the 5 year period on average by 0.1 percent, and by 4.6 percent for the U.S. as a whole. Total retail sales are projected to increase by 48.3 and 50.6 percent, respectively, in each of these larger geographical areas, and total EBI is expected to rise by 47.7 percent in the metropolitan counties of the state and by 51.4 percent ac ross the nation.. e. Employment and Compensation. It can be observed in Table 9. TRADE AREA MARKET POTENTIAL 1988 AND 1993 PROJECTIONS Population Total Retail Sales Total EBI (000) ($000) ($000) 1988 1993 % Chg. 1988 1993 % Chg. 1988 1993 % Chg. MICHIGAN COUNTIES Berrien 167.9 164.9 -1.8 914.5 1,297.3 41.9 1,785.1 2,585.1 44.8 Cass 50.1 50.4 0.5 115.5 170.6 47.7 548.2 811.9 48.1 Kalamazoo 222.1 226.5 2.0 1,648.6 2,474.0 50.1 2,969.8 4,469.0 50.5 Van Buren 71.0 71.4 0.5 269.5 398.1 47.7 626.5 927.9 48.1 INDIANA COUNTIES LaPorte 107.0 107.6 0.6 590.1 876.9 48.6 1,080.0 1,621.1 50.1 Porter 128.2 131.5 2.6 588.9 894.8 52.0 1,528.4 2,340.6 53.1 St. Joseph 241.5 239.2 -1.0 1,748.7 2,585.0 47.8 2,737.6 4,041.1 47.6 Source: "Sales and Marketing Management", 1989 Note: In computing projected values, average increases state-wide were applied to Cass, Van Buren, and LaPorte counties. Others are county-specific estimates. 0) 62 Table 10 that through the first six months of 1990, there was an C@ average of 78,100 persons in the Benton Harbor MSA labor force. Of these, 72,000 were employed and 6,100 were unemployed. The Table 10. LABOR MARKET TREND - BENTON HAR30R MSA 1982 i9841 !986 1988 _1990* Civ. Labor Force 71,300 71,600 73,000 79,000 73,100 Employment 60,000 62,800 68,200 73,600 72,000 Unempioyment 1l':;00 81800 6,800 '7 5,400 6,100 1 . 1 -7 9.0- Unemp. Rate 12 . 3 6.8% 7.8,-7. *Averace throuah June 1990. Source: Michican Employment Security Commission number of persons employed represented a decrease of 2.2 percent from the comparable 1988 monthly average. (The 1989 average also dropped from 1988 by seven-tenths of a percentage point). These decreases can be attributed principally to softness in the U.S. economy over the past twelve months -- particularly in the Table 11. PERCENT EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY GROUP Benton Harbor MSA, July 1990 Employees % of Total Manufacturina 20,800 30.8% Services 15,500 23.0% Retail Trede 12,500 18.3% Government 8,400 12.4% Wholesale Trade 2,900 4.3'. Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 2,800 4 . 1 % Trans., Comm., & Utilities 2,100 4.0% Construction 1,900 2.8'/*' Source: Michigan Employment Security Commission 63 manufacturing sector. The trend in Berrien County had been substantially upward as is demonstrated by a 22.7 percent gain in employment in the 1982-1988 period. Table 11 provides a July 1990 breakdown by number of employees and percent of total for two-digit Standard Industrial Code (SIC) classifications in the Benton Harbor MSA. Unlike many of the area's neighboring counties in Michigan and Indiana, Berrien County has managed to re@ain more than 30 percent of its workforce in manufacturing, where export income creation is typically highest. Export income is a critical factor in the economic development of a region. It can be observed in Table 12 that the number of workers in manufacturina has also increased rising 19.3 percent from 1983 to 1987. Table 12. TREND - PRIVATE EXPLOYMENT BY SECTOR Benton Harbor MSA 7. Chg. 1983 1985 1987 1983-87 Acriculture 128 141 129 0.8% IM In i R g, 81 118 156 92.64" Construction 1,018 1,389 1,504 47.7% Manufacturina 18,255 19,741 21,782 19.3% Transportation 1,439 1,460 1,585 10.1% Wholesale Trade 2,272 2,516 2,771 22.0% Retail Trade 9,036 9,943 11,092 22.8%. Fin., Ins., & R.E. 1,997 2,227 2,484 24.4% Services 11,264 - 13,183 14,047 14.7% Source: "County Business Patterns", 1983-87 Table 13 provides a breakdown of annual payroll dollars in 1987 by two-digit SIC. Again the predominance of manufacturing 64 is evident. Some 30 percent of the employed labor force accounts for the'flow of more than 50 percent of the area'-s Table 13. PAYROLL BY INDUSTRY GROUP Berrien County - 1987 Annual ($000) Manu;acturin,, 351,801 Serv-ices 175,945 Retail Trade 108,073 Wholesale Trade 77,078 Fin., Ins., and R.E. 49,618 Trans-j. and other Public Util. 49, 196 Contract Construction 33,371 Mininc 3,082 Aa. Serv., Forestry, and Fish. 1,431 0 Unclassified Establishments 1 402 Total 1,051,017 Source: "County Business Patterns", 1987 payroll dollars. Average hourly earning in various Berrien County manufacturing industries are compared in Table 14 with Table 14. AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING Michigan Berrien Cty. 1987 1988 1987 1988 Total Manufacturin,@ $12.97 $13.43 $9.87 S9.95 Total Durable Goods 13.53 14.06 10.06 10.23 Primarv Metals 12.97 13.86 9.55 10.38 Fabricated Metal Products 12.83 10.23 10.44 11.05 Machinery - except Elect. 13.10 13.42 11.25 11.13 Ele. & Electronic Eqpt. 11 .29 11.81 9.45 9.26 Transportation Equipment 15.17 15.98 12.16 11.72 Total Nondurable Goods 10.94 11.16 9.39 8.89 Food and Kindred Products 10.77 10.88 7.28 6.87 Paper and Allied Products 12.4.5 12.67 12.32- 12.13 Printina & Publishin- 10 ; 4.2 10.47 10.97 10.58 Note: Figures based on annual averages. 65 those same industries in the State of Michigan; and, 1988 data are compared with 1987. It will be observed that 1 of the 11 state-wide rates listed dropped from 1987 to 1988, while 8 of 11 dropped in Berrien County. It might also be noted that Berrien County earnings in manufacturing tend to be lower than in Michioan as a whole, however, they are 55 percent higher than 0 0 would typically be found in office related occupations like bookkeepina ($7.17) and secretarial work ($6.98). 3. Market Potential for Revenue Producing Attractions. Plans for specific revenue producing attractions that would be a part of theJean Klock Park renovation have not as yet been definitized, however, it is possible to reach cert ain conclusions regarding revenue producing potential and the economic impact of recreational activities. a. Market Potential. One can view the market potential of revenue producing activities in the Park from the standpoint of various user classifications. 1) The resident Market. The local market consists of local residents of the Benton Harbor MSA, or Berrien County. The primary market is the! area identified as the Community Economic Development Corporation service area. Tables I through 7 provide detail with respect to the local and primary markets' population, numbers of households, and income. These tables are complemented by Tables 10 through 14, which provide economic information on employment. and compensation of the resident market area's working population. The secondary market 66 has been identified by the area's economic development arm as prising a seven county (4 in Michigan, 3 in Indiana) trade com 0 0 area. Tables 8 and 9 provide detail with respect to the secondary market's population, median age, numbers of households, income, and retail sales. 2) The Visitor Market. It is predictable that certain revenue producing attractions, like golf courses, marinas, lodges, nature displays and museums, etc., would attract visitors to the area, as well as provide activities for persons who were visitina the area for other reasons. This is particularly true in light of the fact that Berrien-County ranks 13th amona Michioan's 83 counties in terms of total dollar expenditures generated by travellers. The typical Michigan visitor is married, with a family, having education beyond high school, a homeowner, with income exceeding $30,000, and travellina from Great Lakes countr,. A study by the International Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus indicates that the average daily expenditure of visitors was $114 in 1989. It might also be noted that Berrien County ranks 8th as a location of temporary residences in the state. A very large portion of the revenue generated from these temporary residents would be export income for the local community. b. Economic Impact of V:isitor Expenditure. Aside from producing revenues directly from visitors to the community, revenue producina attractions would also provide a significant flow of indirect income to support the further economic 67 development of the area. The visitor segment of the market, through visitor expenditures, draws income from outside the region -- export income -- that ultimately expands both local income and job opportunities through a multiplier or ripple effect. In 1988, a previous study was updated for the Michigan Travel Bureau by the U.S. Travel Data Center, wherein the economic impact of travel on each of Michigan's counties was computed. The Travel Economic Impact Model (TEIM) was utilized to provide estimates of total direct and multiplied impacts. Table 15 summarizes these impacts as they relate to Berrien County. Again, the county ranks 13th among the state's 83 'counties in terms of travel impact. Table 15. IMPACT OF TRAVEL ON BERRIEN COUNTY Cho. 1983 1986 1983-86 Total Travel Expenditures (000) 84,115 97,187 15.5% Travel Generated Payroll (000) 15,134 17,621 16.4% Travel Generated Employment (Jobs) 1,702 1,852 8.8% State Tax Receipts (000) 3,533 4,362 23.5%' Local Tax Receipts (000) 744 833 12.01. Source: "The Economic Impact of Travel on Michigan Counties", Michigan Travel Bureau, 1988. 68 4. Conclusion. Demographics and economic data clearly indicate that the Berrien County region encompasses a substantial market area. The assignment of the designation Benton Harbor Metropolitan Statistical Area is support, in itself, for that contention. In measures of effective buying income and total population, Sales and Marketing Matagement magazine ranks the area 211th and 213th, respectively, among 319 Metro Market areas that are tracked across the U.S. It is also true that the county is a an important recreation and tourism center. It is the 13th largest contributing county to Michigan's total travel expenditures. And, while the area's manufacturing base, from which good export income is derived, remains significant -- it provides jobs for some 30 percent of the county's working population -- the further development of the county's recreational assets is prudent.. The potential of attracting visitors from counties other than Berrien in the seven-county trade area as well as from further outlying localities, like Chicago and Grand Rapids, is considered to be great. Depending upon the breadth of revenue producing attractions, the anticipated revenue flow could be expected to be quite large. The recreation and tourism industry is, like manufacturing but unlike many other service industries a major provider of export income, since-a high proportion of industry revenues flow from outside the region. As a result, the availability of export income, with an increasing proportion derived from the recreation 69 and tourism industry, becomes a decisive f'actor in the further economic development of the region and, therefore, to the economic well-being of the community as a whole. dean Klock Park Master Plan 70 Benton Harbor, Mchigan December 1990 Archaeol d Surva. Report The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 71 A Report oF Research Undertaken an SehalF oF: City oF Senton Harbor, Michigan 4SO22 Attention: Mr. Roland Klockow City Engineer and The Troyer Group 415 Lincolr,way East Mishawaka, IN 46544 Attention: Mr. Gerald Phipps 72 INTRODUCTION: Upon receipt of authorization From the City OF Benton Harbor (dated 17 Sep SO) and The Troyer Group (dated 20 Sep SO) For a Phase I archaeological survey OF Jean Klock Park in Benton Harbor, Michigan, the authors and their associates initiated a literature, documents, and site File search and on 24 Sep conducted on-site evaluation of the property in question to determine if landscape alteration associated with the Mast er Plan for the park would adversely impact potentially significant archaeological resources. There follows a report of our program of research, together with .-.recommendations derived from our findings. PROJECT PERSONNEL: Principal Investigator Dr. William M. Cremin, Professor of Anthropology, WMU and Owner, W... M. Cremin Consulting Project Supervisor Mr. Gregory Walz, M.A. Candidate in Anthropology, WMU Field Assistants Mr. Daniel Goatley, Graduate Student in Anthropology, WMU Mr. Lewis Wisser, M.A. Candidate in Anthropology, WMU DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA: Jean Klock Park occupies some 90 acres (36.4 ha) in the NW 1/4 OF Section 13, Benton Township (West Part)-, City OF Benton Harbor, Michigan (Fig. 1). It-extends From the lake shoreline on the west to the interchange of Red Arrow Highway on,.the east. In the late MICHIG %/4 Project area AN 678 OUADRA14GLE LOCATION J L 12 ,o p Park MOMMOMM RockyGa F i g.1 kilometer r Higman Parl(., 7! A 33, BENTON HARBOR BEcroN TWP..41 590 13 vNI W V. TO d 1@89 tp P C L1911 ?w IV 0 74 ISSO's, the channel of the Paw Paw River was Filled to permit construction of this interchange, and the river was diverted to its present course which lies to the east and parallels the high- way as it Flows toward the St. Joseph River to the south. The northern boundary of the project area conforms to the base of the bluff on which the residential neighborhood of Highman Park is situated. This bluff rises to an elevation of 192 m above sea level, or 15 m above the highest elevation (177 m ASL) recorded for the-project near the base of the bluff. On the south the project is bounded by a road that provides access to the beach area south of' the park limits. Upon the arrival of the survey team it was immediately apparent that a significant amount of landscape alteration-had occurred over the years, both in the large expanse of marsh occ.upying the eastern portion of the project where the Paw Paw River had formerly flowed and an the dunes that separate the strip of beachfront from the remainder of the study area. The! beachFrant has been developed as a recreational area with a bathhouse, play areas, and parking lots, as well as a sidewalk running parallel to the beach and lake shore- line. It appeared that the area lying north of the bathhouse had been most impacted by road construction and dune alteration over the years. To the south of this structure, natural foredunes were carefully walked and visually inspected For evidence of cultural material, with nothing being observed. Here, surveyors noted that remnants of natural plant communities still existed, with mature poplars, smaller maples, and a dense undergrowth of grape vines, greenbriar, and numerous herbaceous species being present. Behind the Foredunes, however, the topography suggested that much of the area had been leveled and scraped. This is especially true For 75 the City of Benton Harbor water facility and its surrounding park- ing lot occupying the extreme southwest portion of the project area. East of the dunes and scraped areas, and separated From them by a road, lies the extensive marsh that Flanked the Former Paw Paw River channel. This area initially appeared to be relativel y untouched by recent landscape alteration, but our program of shovel testing soon revealed otherwise. Much of what appeared to be marsh near the southern limits of the project area was found to constitute a fill consisting of Foundry taillngs, bricks, and cinders. The slopes of the bluff that define- the northern limits of our study area were found to be heavily wooded with climax species long common to the region. Mature tulip trees (Liriodendron tulipiFera), red oaks, and maples formed the canopy, while the understory was comprised of smaller elms, maples, and poplars. Finally, it is perhaps noteworthy that an old map of the area provided by the clients showsa "hairpin-shaped!' feature extending From the old channel in a northwesterly direction through the marsh and below the bluff (Fig. 2). We wondered whether this might repre- sent a former meander bend in the river long since cut off from the channel occupied by the river prior to construction of the inter- change. However, while it was shown an the map, we were unable to observe this Feature when on-site. Our curios ity was satisfied when a lifelong resident of the city, Mr. R.J. Burkhalz, informed us that a canal had been excavated early in the century to bring river traffic to a commercial enterprise formerly located at the northeast corner of the project.area. Project boundary Fig. 2 Paved road Ale Structure A Shovel test Former channel 100 meter5_m Canal 2 AW 47 graded & V pugo AW f illed ,e As J*e AIW ,w A 2"-:-% 20BE41 / 71A 4@ AW to AV 2 Alf AV A M b foundry tailing 0 f ill 1;0;00 JF: 011 ,0 '0. ,P f 77 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ANO RESOURCES IN THE AREA: A review of the literature and documents (Carney 1976; Cummingham 1961, IS67; Ellis 1880; Moulds 1963; Fender-1915; and Tucker 1942) and examination of the @tate site Files strongly sug- gest an absence of archaeological sites and/or archaeological activity an the part of the professional community in the Paw Paw River Valley of Berrien County. While the nearby St. Joseph River Valley experienced a long history of human occupation and has been a "hotbed" of activity For those interested in both the prehistory and early history of southwest Michigan, our review has produ*ced only a single reference relevant to cur program cF@research. According to Fender (1915:31), a Potawatomi village was located on the Paw Paw Flats near the conFluence of this river and the St. Joseph a short distance below the project area in the period cF_ initial Eurcamerican settlement. Perhaps the apparent abse nce of historic period Indian settlements of any consequence along this stream, when compared to the near-by St. Joseph River, reflects on the "tortuous" course of this river, with its low banks and very marshy adjacent land (Ellis 1880:187). The state site Files (Barbara Mead, personal communication) reference*six (6) sites in the general area, the closest of which is loosely located in Section 14 to the southwest of the project area. This site, 20SES8, designates a prehistoric village located by Hinsdale in his Archaeological Atlas of Michigan (1931). A second Hinsdale listing, 20SE65, is recorded as an 18th century cemetery, but is located on the south side of the St. Joseph River very near to the favored location for*LaSalle's Fort Miami (20SE213) in 1679 (Cummingham 1961; Ellis 1880). A third Hinsdale site, 20BESS, is also located in close proximity to the old French Fort, 78 sidentiFied as being prehistoric in age. Also purportedly ted on the south bank of the St. Joseph River a short distance Is mouth was a 17th century French mission (20SE215). How- am unaware of any primary so@rces (documents) that Firmly )lish the presence of a mission to the Miami in this part of ,at ey at such an early date. Finally, the site Files record 20SE144 at the mouth of the Paw litr. We noted earlier that a historic Patawatomi villag Ie was atid here during the period of establishment of Benton Harbor. ./er, when visited in 1948 by a University of Michigan survey /,jall that was noted was an extensive surface scatter of pre- oric cultural debris. At least this observation, together with @Djviously cited historic reference, serves to establish s,ome ilian interest in this river. And perhaps this interest at t n part reflects an the natural resource availability that we alociate with the extensive marshes that .Formerly flanked the tuous" course of the Paw Paw River! EJFIELO PROCEDURES: though it was originally anticipated that two field days d be required to perform a systematic and 'intensive survey of p1ject area, the condition in which we Found this 90 acre e@enabled surveyors to complete their task in one long day. e procedures employed consisted of visual inspection of the nI surface in those areaswherebeach and dunes prevailed and ther areas where vegetative cover afforded a good look at the @nIsurface for evidence of cultural debris. Many of the areas eling recent disturbance were initially probed to verify that !e rigorous shovel testing was unnecessary. When all is said 79 and done, only three areas of limited spatial extent were determined to require shovel testing on the basis of extensive recent disturbance elsewhere in the study area. Shovel testing along parallel transacts was conducted along the base of the bluff forming the northern limits of the study area. On the western end of this area, three lines of survey 15 m apart were tested by means of placing probes well into the underlying subsoil at 15 m intervals. These transacts were continued, with Some deviation to compensate for roadways, to the northeastern corner of the project near a pumping station which occupies a high bank aver- looking the wetlands dominating @he central portion of the study area. In addition to the shovel -testing performed-in the northeastern and northwestern corners below -the bluff, surveyors also initiated shovel testing along transacts in the south-central portion of the project at-ea. Here, the program of shovel testing was terminated when surveyors determined that the entire area. between two paved roads and south of the extant marsh had been Filled with foundry tailings and other debris of recent origin. Figure 2 shows the approximate locations of 70 shovel tests excavated on this occasion. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY PROGRAM: While the bulk of the project area has been significantly dis- turbed so as to preclude recovery of archaeological material, the survey team did record the presence of one prehistoric site. Our discovery of the Jean Klock Park site (20SE413) was facilitated by Mr. Burkholz, who was curious as to our activities and came down from his house an the bluff top to visit with us. He informed surveyors that at some time in the past his daughter had collected 80 Itarrowheads" From a location very near to the pumping station that sits an the bank above the wetlands in the northeastern corner of the project area (Fig. 2). He Further informed the survey team that workmen had long ago recovered and removed from this location a partial human skeleton and that local historian, Wilbur Cunningham, had reported it to be the site of an Indian camp and associated cemetery. Unfortunately, the Source of any report by Cunningham is unknown to us. Upon the team's arrival at the location in question, now well maintained in lawn and part.ially fenced to limit access to the pumping station, visual inspection of the bank at the edge of the wetlands commenced. This bank, strongly sloping and rising between 2-2.5 m above the marsh, revealed a total of 32 pieces of lithic debitage, weighing 30.5 g, and a single rim-sherd. The following cherts comprise'the debitage: Lambrix -7; Wyandotte -3; Oeerlick Creek -3; Surlington -2; Flint Ridge -1; Onondaga -1; and un- identified -15. In addition to the pieces of debitage collected From the bank, two of 10 shovel tests in the grassed.area back from the edge of the wetlands produced Four more lithic items, including two specimens of Deerlick Creek, one of Lambrix, and a piece of an unidentified chert. In aggregate, the lithic assemblage examined by Dan Goatley and reported herein comprises 36 excellent specimens weighing 50.5 9. The single rimsherd collected from the bank was clearly associ- ated with the lithic material. It is approximately 6 mm thick and has a dark, grit-tempered paste. Or. Elizabeth Garland of Western Michigan University believes that this specimen is consistent with Middle Woodland period ceramics known from southwest Michigan (Garland, personal communication), and furthermore fits the temporal 81 placement suggested by the one diagnostic implement that Mr. Surkholz was able to produce from his daughter's collection From this site. The biFace he showed us is a thin, well-made corner-notched point that Falls within the Snyders Cluster (Justice 1987). The point was made an an unidentified greyish-white chert and exhibits use wear bilaterally on the distal end. In summary, all of the above noted items were recovered from a limited area no more than perhaps 400 m 2 in.area and primarily from the bank immediately above the marsh. Shovel tests i n th e grassed area revealed little subsurface disturbance, with the humus layer varying from 27 cm deep near the fence around the pumping station to less than 5 cm a mere 10 m From the fence. However, it is possible that some topsoil has been taken from.the area as a result of establishment of the facility or subsequent maintenance of the surrounding area. Only additional examination will reveal the extent to which archaeological context in preserved at 20BE413. 19ECOMMENOATIONS: Having performed a systematic and intensive examination of the entire parcel, we are convinced that developments associated with the Master Plan For Jean Klock Park will have no impact on potentially significant archaeological resources over an area comprising perhaps SS.9% of the entire project. However, we must recommend that should development plans include the immediate area that we have herein identified as the Jean Klock Park site (20SE413), additional study of this resource should be considered prior to any landscape alter- ation. In this case a program of limited test excavation should' serve to delimit site area and, more importantly, make it possible t. determine if archaeological context in the form of midden deposits 82 and/or subsurface cultural features is preserved. REFERENCES CITED: Carney, J.T., editor 1976 Berrien Bicentennial. Tesar Printing Company, Stevensville. Cunningham, W.M. 1961 Land of Four Flags: An Early History of the St. Joseph Valley. W.B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids. 1967 Letter Book of William Burnett: Early Fur Trader in the in the Land of 'Four Flags. Fort Miami Heritage Society of Michigan, Inc. Ellis, F. 1880 History of Berrien and Van Buren Counties, Michigan. D.W. Ensign and Company, Philadelphia. Justice, N.D. 1987 Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Moulds, C. 1963 Chips Fell in the Valley.. C. Moulds (private printing). Pander, J. ISIS History of Benton Harbor- and Tales of Village Days. The Braun Printing Company, Chicago. Tucker, S.J., compiler 1942 Indian Villages of the Illinois Country. Illinois State Museum, Part 1, Atlas, Volume II. Springfield. 83 SITE FORM The Jean Klock Park site (20BE413) encompasses an estimated 400 m in the SE corner of the NE 1/4, NE 114, SE 1/4, NW 1/4 of Section 13, Benton Township (West Part), Berrien County, Michigan. It lies near the base of the bluff on the bank of a marsh Flanking the Farmer channel of the Paw Paw River immediately west of a City of Benton Harbor pumping station. The site was recorded with the help of a local informant who brought the survey crew to this location. A brief visual inspection of the sloping bank rising 2-2.5 m above the marsh produced cultural material,and subsequent shovel testing of the grassed area west of the pumping station and a short distance back From the edge of the bank also resulted in the recovery of cultural items. A Middle Woodland cultural affiliation is proposed on the basis of a single rimsherd collected by surveyors and a Snyders Cluster projectile point retrieved From the site by the daughter of our informant, Mr. BUrkholz. Inventory of Cultural Items (37 pieces) 1-rimsherd, 6 mm thick and exhibiting a dark, grit-tempered paste 8-pieces of Lambrix chert from Oceania County, Michigan 5-specimens from Deerlick Creek south of South Haven, Michigan 3-Flakes of Wyandotte chert From extreme southern Indiana 2-pieces of Burlington chert From west-central Illinois 1-Flake of Flint Ridge chert From central Ohio 1-specimen of Onondaga chert From New York 16-pieces of lithic debitage From sources unknown to us, but presumably representing local till material Jean Klock Park Master Plan 84 Benton Haibor, Wchigan December 1990 Vegetation Inve The Troyer Group, Inc. Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana 85 JEAN KLOCK PARK BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN VEGETATION INVENTORY 9/23/90 J.F. NEW & ASSOCIATES A, BEACH Ammophila breviligulata marram grass Artemisia caudata beach wormwood Cakile edentula sea rocket Calamovilfa longifolia sand reed Cycloloma atriplicifolium pigweed (a)Elymus arenaris lyme grass COMMENTS: Typical beach Flora, no endangered or threatened species were located. Includes area From the lake shoreward to brick road running along beach. B. OPEN, GRAMINOID SAND DUNES Ambrosia artemisiiFolia common ragweed Andropugon scoparius little bluestem Artemisia caudata beach wormwood Asclepias syriaca milkweed Calamovilfa longiFolia sand reed (a)Centaurea maculosa spotted knapweed arvense canada thistle (a)Cirsium vulgare bull thistle Cornus stolonifera bailey bailey's dogwood (a)Daucus carota wild carrot Euphorbia polygonifolia seaside spurge Equisetum hyemale rough horsetail Frageria virginiana wild strawberry (a)Elaeagnus umbellata autumn olive (a)Hyperium perForatum common St.John's wort Lithospermum croceum hairy puccoon (a)Melilotus alba white sweet clover Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Oenothera biennis evening primrose Panicum virgatum switch grass (a) alien species 86 B. OPEN, GRAMINOID SAND DUNES (continued) Poa sp. bluegrass Populus deltoides cottonwood (a)Plantago lanceolata english plantain Prunus virginiana choke cherry Prunus pumila sand cherry Toxicodendron poison ivy Rhus typhina staghorn sumac Salix interior sandbar willow S'alix sp. willow (a)Saponaria ofFicinalis bouncing bet Solidago altissima tall goldenrod Solidago racemosa gillmani dune goldenrod Strophostyles helvola trailing wild bean (a)Ulmus pumila chinese elm Vitis riparia wild grape COMMENTS: Characteristic dune Flora. Number OF weedy species probably indicates prior disturbance. One rare plant observed - Strophostyles (see discussion OF Endangered, threatened plants). C. WOODED DUNE (a)Asparagus oFFicinalis wild asparagus Celastrus scandens climbing bittersweet Cornus stolonifera baileyi bailey's dogwood (a)Berberis thumbergii japanese barberry Elymus canadensis canada wild rye Fraxinus sp. ash (a)Morus alba white mulberry Panicum virgutum switchgrass Parthenocissus quinquefolia viroinia creeper Platanus occidentalis american sycamore Prunus virginiana choke cherry Ptlea trifoliata waFer ash Quercus rubra red Oak Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy (a)Saponaria officinalis bouncing bet Smilax sp. catbrier (a) = alien species 87 C. WOODED DUNE (continued) Smilacina stellata false solomon's seal Solanum dulcamara bittersweet nightshade Solidago altissima tall goldenrod OOM. Tilia americana basswood (a)Ulmus pumila chinese elm COMMENTS Typical species, somewhat disturbed based on the number of alien species. No endangered or threatened species were observed. 0. PARKING LOTS (AREA TOWARDS FILTRATION PLANT) Ammophila breviligulata marram grass Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Artemisia caudata beach wormwood Calamovilfa longifolia sand reed Cakile edentula sea rocket (a)Centaurea maculosa spotted knapweed (a)Cichorium intybus wild chicory Coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsis (a)Daucus carota wild carrot (a)Elaeagnus umbellate autumn oak Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum hyemal e rough horsetail Erigeron strigosus fleabane Euphorbia polygonifolia seaside spurge (a)Hypericum perforatum common St. John's wort (a)Melilotus alba white sweetclover Monarda punctata horse mint Oenothera biennis evening primrose (a)Plantago lancelota english plantain Populus deltoides cottonwood Ptelea trifoliata waFer ash Toxicadendron radicans poison ivy (a)Saponaria officinalis soapwort (a) alien species 0. PARKING LOTS (continued) Salix exigua sandbar willow (a)Sedum sp. stonecrop Solidago altissima tall goldenrod Straphostyles helvola trailing wild bean (a)Taraxacum officinale dandelion (a)Trifolium pratense red clover (a)Verbascum thapsus mullein Vitis riparia wild grape (a)Xanthium strumarium cocklebur (a)Yucca filamentosa yucca SMALL SEPARATE WETLAND Juncus effusus common rush Panicum implicatum panic grass Sabatia anularis rose gentian COMMENTS: Two rare plants were located - Sabatia and Strophostyles (see discussion under Endangered and Threatened plants) This area shares many species in common with beach and foredune vegetation. Presence of many weedy species points to past disturbance. Would not call this area prarie, though parts are open, grassy sections. Includes the areas north of Jean Blvd. and south of the dunes area. E. UPLAND AREA (BETWEEN JEAN BLVD.& KLOCK ROAD, WEST OF MARSH) Andropogon scaparius little bluestem (a)Centaurea maculosa spotted knapweed Calamovilfa longifolia sand reed (a)Commelina communis common day Flower (a)Daucus carota wild carrot Equisetum hyemale scouring rush Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry Gnaphalium obtusifolium oldfield balsam Hypericum kalmianum kalm's St. John's wort (a)Melilotus alba white sweet clover Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Salix exigua sandbar willow Panicum imlicatum panic grass (a) = alien species 89 E. UPLAND AREA (cant inued) (a)Saponaria officinalis soapwort Sabatia angularis rose gentian Solidago altissima tall goldenrod Rhus typhina staghorn sumac (a]Verbascum thapsus mullein Vitis riparia wild grape COMMENTS: I would not call this a prairie. It appears to be a successional community occurring on some type of fill. Sabatia occurs here in the hundreds (see discussion of Endangered species). Fa. CATTAIL MARSH (SW CORNER OF MARSH, SOUTH OF JEAN BLVD.) UPLAND FRINGE Salix exigua sandbar willow Populus deltaides cottonwood Cornus stolonifera red osier dogwood Sambuccus canadensis elderberry Rhus typhina staghorn sumac Calamagrostis canadensis blue-joint reedgrass Haberaria hyperborea northern green orchid MARSH DOM. Typha angustifoli a narrow-leaved cattail COMMENTS: This cattail marsh changes into more open marsh, dominated by NuphEr or Peltandra. An area of the cattail marsh is becoming dominated by Lythrum Salicaria, purple loosestriFe. Fb. MARSH Alisma plantago-aquatica broad-leaf water-plantain Almus rugosa speckled alder Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed Carex comosa bearded sedge Calamagrostis canadensis blue-joint reedgrass Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush Chelone glabra turtlehead (a) alien species 90 Fb. MARSH (continued) Decodon verticillatus hairy swamp loosestrife Eupatoriadelphus maculatus spotted joe-pye-weed Hibiscus moscheutos swamp rosemallow Impatiens capensis orange jewelweed Juncus eFFusus common rush Juncus brachycephalus short headed rush Juncus torreyi torrey's rush Lyqcopus americanus american bugleweed Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower (a)Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife Mimulus ringens monkey flower Nuphar advena yellow cow-lily Peltandra virginica arrow arum Phragmites australis common reed Pontederia cordata pickerel weed Rumex orbiculatus great water dock Scirpus lineatus red bulrush Scirpus validus great bulrush Scutellaria epilobiifolia marsh skullcap Spiranthes cernua ladies tress orchid Typha anqgustifolia narrow-leaf cattail Utricularia vulqgaris great bladderwort Verbena sp. vervain OR. OLD RIVER CHANNEL Elodea canadensis broad water-weed Myriophyllum exalbescens spiked water milfoil Nymphaea tuberosa white water-lily Utricularia vulgaris great bladderwort Vallisneria americana wild celery COMMENTS: The cattail marsh is not very diverse. The other part of the marsh is diverse and supports a good native flora. However, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is present and will spread unless steps are taken to control it. (a) alien species 91 COMMENTS (MARSH - CATTAIL 9 OLO RIVER CHANNEL) continued: A spring flows in the southwest corner of the cattail marsh and Flows north and east until entering the old channel. it is along this spring run that purple loosestrife is the worst. Much sediment has been deposited in the cattail marsh.9 the westernmost channel and is entering the more open marsh. Source of this sediment is unknown and as it accumulates, cattails will become more dominant. One rare plant (Hibiscus moscheutos) was located scattered around the edge of the more open marsh. See discussion of Endangered plants. Extensive marsh also occurs north and south of Klock Road. Many of the species are similiar to the marsh located north of M-63. One rare species (Hibiscus) was observed in the south marsh. ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES One threatened species - rose-pink (Sabatia angularia) was located during the vegetation survey. One plant was located in a small wetland area southeast of the water filtration plant. Hundreds of this plant were located on either side of a dirt trail leading to the old river channel north of M-63. Two special concern species were found. The swamp rosemallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) was scattered along the fringes of the marsh located north of M-63, in one loop of the interchange and a few plants were located in the marsh south of Klock Rd. Trailing wild bean (Strophostyles helvola) was located in a dune situation and the edge of the north parking lot. A few plants were lo cated in the sand disposal area and about a dozen plants were located in the extreme northeast corner of the park. WETLANDS There are numerous acres of wetland located in this park. The largest and best quality areas are located adjacent to the old river channel. Various amounts of fill and channelization have effected these areas,*:*.-: 92 WETLANOS (continued) but for the most part, the vegetation is natural. In between the various loops and ramps of the interchange are also a number of wetlands, based on the vegetation observed. These are in varying degrees of naturalness, due to the amount of fill deposited during road construction. GENER'AL COMMENTS Based on this botanist's observations, it is suggested that boardwalks through the marsh are not advi,sable due to the soil conditions and possible adverse impacts. A preferable proposal would be the creation Of look-out point s around the periphery of the marsh. It is also noted that trails through the dunes need to be placed with extreme oar 8 due to the fragile soil conditions and possibility of sever.e erosion. 3 6668 14102 2303