[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]













               A SURVEY OF WOODED -DUNE AND SWALE COMPLEXES
                                            IN. MICMGAN











                                               prepared by:

                                     Patrick Comer, Associate Ecologist
                                      Dennis Albert, Program Ecologist


                                    Michigan Natural Features Inventory
                                         Natural Heritage Program
                                         5th Floor Mason Building
                                                Box 30028 -
                                             Lansing, Mi. 48909

                                                   for:

                                   Michigan Coastal Management Program
                                Land md Water Management Division, MDNR
                                           (CZM Project 13C-4.0)

                                           Submitted May, 1993












                                                       TABLE OF CONTENTS



                                                                                                                      iv
               Abstract ................................................................... .

               Introduction ..........................          :*,*,**''***''**''****''*'***'*'''***''*              1

               Methods   .....................................................................                        4


                       Data Analysis   ...........................................................                    7


               Results and Discussion   ..........................................................                   10


                       Occurrences in Michigan and the Great Lakes Region      .............................         10

                       Plant Communities    .......................................................                  11


                       A Preliminary Classification of Michigan's
                       Wooded Dune and Swa@e Complexes         .........................................             26

                       Protection Status and Priority Rankings  ........................................             36

                       The Upland/Wetland Ecotone      ...............................................               39

                       Plant Species Frequencirs   ..................................................                39

               Conclusions   ..................................................................                      41


               Acknowledgements     .............................................................                    44

               References   ...................................................................                      44


               APPENDIX I: Site Summaries for Complexes Sampled during 1992         .........................        46'

               APPENDIX II: Topographic/Natural Area Boundary Maps for Complexes
                       Sampled during 1992     .....................................................                 84

               APPENDIX III: Location Maps for Counties with Complexes Sampled
                       during 1992   ...........................................................                    108

               APPENDIX IV: Summary Data for Three Representative Complexes       .........................         127

               APPENDIX V: Mean Frequency Data for Vascular Plants and Mosses Found in
                       Michigan's Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes        ................................           145

               APPENDIX VI: Explanation of Element Ranking Criteria     .................................           157







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                                                           LIST OF TABLES


              1. Site Name, Location, Presettlment Vegetation, and Comments on Current Condition
                       for 70 Historical Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes in Michigan          ...................      11

              2. Similarity Indices of Plant Species Erorn Representative Sites for each
                       Wooded Dune and Swale Complex sub-type         ....................................             30

              3. Ranked Listing of Michigan Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, by Sub-type           ...............     37

              4. Summary of Location, Acreage, Biological, Ownership, and Comments
                       on Conservation for each complex sampled during 1992        ...........................         49

              5. Special Plants, Special Animals, and High Quality Natural Communities
                       Associated with Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes Sampled in 1992           ...............       51



                                                          LIST OF FIGURES


              1. Wooded Dune and Swale Cornplexes in Michigan         ....................................               4

              2. Location of sample points for selected flagged swales for
                       sampling the upland/wetland ecotone      .........................................                8

              3. Aerial photograph of the Grand Traverse Bay complex      .................................            18

              4. a-. Mevational transect and corresponding wedand coefficients for the
                       Sturgeon Bay complex      ....................................................                  21

                b: Illustration of the vegetation associated -with a 150 meter portion of
                       the transect at Sturgeon Day   ................................................                 22

              5. a: Mevational transect and coiTesponding wetland coefficients
                       for the Ogontz Bay complex     ................................................                 23

                b: Illustration of the vegetation associated with a 150 meter portion of
                       the transect at Ogontz Bay    .................................................                 24

              6 -a: Elevational. transect and corresponding wetland coefficients
                       for the Grand Traverse Bay Complex     ..........................................               27

                b: Illustration of the vegetation associated with a 150 meter portion of
                       the transect at Grand Traverse Bay    ...........................................               28

              7. Elevational transect for the Point Aux Barques complex     ................................           31

              8. Elevational transect for the Iron River complex    ......................................             35

              9. Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes Sampled in 1992            ................................           47































                                                                ABSTRACT


                       In 1991, a two year project to survey the Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes along Michigan's
               Great Lakes shoreline was initiated by the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) with funding
               through the Michigan Coastal Management Program. The primary objective of the survey was to inventory,
               classify, and characterize these oz)mplexes in Michigan using both biotic and abiotic factors. Additional
               objectives included 1) determining appropriate natural-area boundaries for protection planning, 2) ranking
               each complex by natural-area quality and priority for protection, and 3) to develop a plant species list from
               these complexes indicating the rrlative frequency of occurrence for each species in upland vs. wetland.
                       Of the 90 to 95 Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes that once occurred within the Great Lakes
               Region, 70 were located in Michigan. Of these, 40 examples that retain significant undisturbed natural
               character were quantitatively sampled for this study. Elevations measured along numerous transects;
               indicated that, for the most part, water found within the wet swales of these complexes are of inland origin.
               In a few examples, the sandy bottoms of several swales was found to be below the current Great Lakes
               water levels. However, the hydrology of many Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes is directly tied to
               adjacent rivers which flow through, or immediately adjacent to, many complexes. A tremendous diversity
               ofplant species and communities within Michigan's Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes was documented
               by this study. The vegetation of blichigan's complexes was used to establish five complex sub-types, which
               reflect the north-south variation in plant distributions within Michigan, and the relative extent of wind-
               sorting vs. water-lain processes vid:iich formed each complex. In complexes where water-lain processes were
               predominant, wetland plant coramunities were more abundant than in complexes where wind-sorting
               processes were predominant.
                       This report summarizes findings for the complexes throughout the state, describing distinguishing
               factors for the five complex sub-t,.rpes. A list of the 631 vascular plant, moss, and algae species, along with
               their relative frequencies in upland and wettand is included. Summaries and natural area boundary maps
               for complexes sampled during 1992 are also included.















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                                                 INIRODUCTION

                   The current pressure for development along Michigan's Great Lakes shorelines

            calls for careful resource planning based on thorough ecological analysis. There is a need

            for additional information to supplement our understanding of Great Lakes shoreline

            ecosystems and their dynamics. Detailed studies of Great Lakes ecosystems can provide

            the basis for shoreline conservation and protection as development proceeds.

                   Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, considered a distinctive natural community

            composed of upland and wedand features, are found in embayments and sand spits along

            the Great Lakes shorelines. Most were formed in two stages, with progressively dropping

            take water levels and post-glacial uplift beginning with the glacial Lake Algonquin levels

            approximately 12,000 years ago, and again with the Lake Nipissing water levels 3-4000

            years ago. (Dorr and Eschman 1970). The receding take levels deposited a series of sandy

            beach ridges ranging from 0.5 to 4 meters high. From the air, these ridges appear as a

            series of arcs, extending intand up to 2 miles, generally parallel to the present shoreline.

            In several examples, beach ridges were also built up and re-sorted by wind, creating

            higher, somewhat irregular dune ridges.

                   These complexes are often best developed where post-glacial streams entered an

            embayment. The flow of surface and ground water through these ridge complexes to the

            Great Lakes often results in the development of wet swales between each beach ridge.

            In a few of Michigan's complexes, the bottoms of the first few swales lie below current

            Great Lakes water levels. The water levels in these swales are therefore directly tied to








            Great Lakes water level fluctuations. With time, plant succession has proceeded to the

            point where the beach ridges are now forested while the wet      swales are either forested

            or open wetlands.

                   Using criteria established by the network of Conservation Data Centers established

            by The Nature Conservancy, these natural communities are not considered to be globally

            imperiled. But, they are considered globally rare, and are limited to the Great Lakes

0           region in North America.        In Michigan, where they are characteristic shoreline

            communities, there are 410 examples with significant undisturbed natural character

            remaining.




            OBJECTIVES:

                   The primary purpose of this study was to inventory, classify, and characterize the

            Wooded Dune and Sw@ale Complexes along Michigan's Great Lakes shoreline. Complexes

            of high natural-area quality were identified, and both biotic and abiotic data were

            collected.


                   The study had seveml additional objectives, including 1) to rank each complex by

            natural quality and priority for protection, 2) to determine appropriate boundaries for all

            areas of high natural-area quality for the purpose of their eventual protection, and 3) to

            develop a plant species list from these complexes indicating the frequency of occurrence

            for each species in uplands vs. wetlands.

            FORMAT:


                   This report first documents the methods used for identifying and sampling each



                                                         2








            complex. This will be followed by a discussion of known historical distribution of these

            complexes in Michigan, and throughout the Great Lakes region. The preliminary

            classification of Wooded Duine and Swale Complexes will follow,with descriptions of the

            plant communities and species associated with each complex type, and ranked listings

            of complexes for developing protection priorities. This is followed by a brief analysis of

            plant species associated with the upland/wetland ecotone in these complexes.

            Appendices I, II, and III include site summaries, natural area boundary maps, and county

            location maps for each of the 22 sites of high natural-area quality sampled during 1992

            (equivalent site summaries and maps for complexes sampled during 1991 are found in

            P. Comer and D. Albert 1991). Appendix IV includes floristic data from three

            representative complexes. Appendix V includes a complete listing of vascular plants and

            mosses found within the complexes state-wide, along with their relative frequencies in

            upland and wetland. And finally, Appendix VI provides a summary of criteria for r  anking

            the natural-area qualities ofeach complex.



















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                                                   METHODS


                  During 1991 and 1992, 70 Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes located along the

           Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior shorelines were identified for this study

           based on aerial photograph interpretation and analysis of topographic maps. The field

           notes of the original land surveys of Michigan conducted by the General Land Office

           between 1816 and 1855 ivere analyzed to determine the dominant presettlement

           vegetation of each complex. Disturbance history was then determined using 1938, 1978,

           and 1986438 aerial photographs (Figure 1). Highly developed or recently disturbed sites

           were not sampled. For sites where little disturbance was apparent, potential natural-area

           boundaries were established using aerial photographs, and land ownership information

           was also gathered. Sites were visited during May of each year to collect qualitative data

           related to the amount of recent human disturbance and to determine optimal transect

           locations for quantitative sampling of natural-area quality sites.

                  Of the 70 sites initially identified for the study, 20 were determined not to be of

           natural-area quality and 10 could not be sampled because permission to enter the

           property could not be obtained from the landowner. The remaining 40 sites were

           determined to be of natural.-area quality and were quantitatively sampled during July and

           August of 1991 and 1992.

                  One sampling transect was taken at each site. Transects were located so as to

           cover a representative cross-section of ridges and swales and to minimize sampling within

           areas disturbed by human activities such as timber/wildlife management, road

           construction, etc. The exact location of the transect, within the above constraints was



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                                              Figure 1: Wooded Dune & Swale Complexes in Michigan




                                                                                                0 QUANTITATIVELY SAMPLED

                                                                 Kavi                                         QUALITATIVELY SAMPLED



                                    Ontonagon
                                                             Barage


                            Gogewc                                                                                                Luos,

                                                          Iron                                     Alger        Schoolcraft                         Chippam
                                                                                                                                  Mackinac
                                                                        Dickinson                 Defta





                                                                                anornin                                                             Ernrnet
                                                                                                                                                          ChdxW

                                                                                                                                             Chart    x                Presquelsis

                                                                                                                                                                                  Alpena
                                                                                                                                              Antrim    Otsego       ordincrei icy

                                                                                                                         Ledanau
                                                                                                                             0   Grand      Kftk-km     Crawford 01               Alo,,n,
                                                                                                                                Traverse


                                                                                                                               Weedbird       saukee               Ogernaw        10BOO
                                                                                                                                                        oscornrinc n
                                                                                                               Mason         Lake     Osceola       Clare     GladvAn      Ajenao

                                                                                                                                                                                                Huron
                                                                                                              Oceans     Nemygo,      Msocsta       Isabella Midland Bay
                                                                                                                                                                                      Tuscola         Sanlac
                                                                                                                                         Mantolem                     Saginaw
                                                                                                                   Muskegon          -                   Gratlot
                                                                                                                      Ot1WM       Kent        lords      Clinton   Shiams,     Ganesse,     LaP-         St. Clair

                                                                                                                         Allegan        Barry       Eaton     Ingham       Livingst    Oakland

                                                                                                                  Van Buren         num       Calhoun        Jackson      Washiteraw     Wayne

                                                                                                              an       Cass    St. Joseph     Branch Hillsdale        Larawee       Monroe








             established randomly. W@ere no constraints e--dsted, the starting point along the

             shoreline was chosen randomly. Transects were aligned perpendicular to the prevailing

             orientation of the beach ridges using aerial photographs and a magnetic compass.' At

             sites where roads e@dst parallel to the shoreline, the transect was begun from the first

             ridge inland from the road.

                    A 30 meter POIY-ChLd Rope Chain was used to measure the distance between

             sample points to the closest meter. Alignment of the transect was maintained with a

             magnetic compass. The vvidth of each swale was measured and sample points were

             located at the center of each ridge and each swale along the transect. The number of

             sample points varied with the size of the compley, but 15-20 ridges and 15-20 swales

             were sampled for each transect.

                    Vegetation was sampled using a 1 square meter ft-ame constructed with 3/4"

             diameter plastic (PVC) tubing. For each plant species within the sampling frame,

             coverage values were recorded. Coverage values of 1-5 were estimated, denoting 1-20%,

             21-40%, 41-60%, 61-80% and 81-100% coverage classes, respectively. Plant species

             occurring outside of the sampling frame, but within 2 meters of the sample point were

             noted as present with a check mark. Plants not identified in the field were collected for

             later identification. Using the same coverage classes, plant groups classified as submerged.

             vegetation, emergent vegetation and moss cover were estimated within the sampling

             ft-ame and recorded. Overstory tree species (greater than 4.5" diameter at breast height)

             were sampled from each sample point using a Basal Area Factor 10 prism and recorded

             using a dot tally on the sampling form.



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                     Sampling at each  point also included determination of the wetland/upland type,

 0            water depth of swales (both in May and in August where possible), depth of soil organic

              material (in centimeters) and soil texture. The determination that each sample point was'

              either upland or wettand was made using The Michigan Department of Natural Resources

              Wetland Determination Manual Draft for Field Testing. Samples of organic material and

              sub-soil were collected from 3 swales distributed along the transect. One sample of sub-

              soil from a ridge was also collected. Samples were stored under refrigeration and pH was

              measured using a digital Beckman pH meter within two weeks of collection.

                     At 9 sites, 3 swales along the transect were flagged at the water's edge during May.

              During quantitative samplang in August, additional sample points were located on the

              high and the low side of the flags to sample vegetation along the upland/Wetland ecotone

              (Figure 2). Only plant species found within the sampling fi-ame were noted- and depths

              of organic material were measured.

                     At 17 sites, where no shoreline road exists and transects were started at the lake

 0            water's edge, elevations of each ridge and swale were estimated, using a Suunto

              clinometer and a 10 foot story pole.             Elevations were later plotted using

              SYSTAT/SYGRAPH software.

              DATA ANALYSIS:


                     The funding for this project prohibited the complete analysis of the data collected.

              However, a listing of all vascular plants and mosses found within these complexes,

              showing their relative frequency of occurrence in upland vs. wetland communities, was

              calculated. This was completed using Lotus spread-sheet software.
 40


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                    Figure 2. Location of sample points for selected flagged swales for
                                  sampling of upland/wetland ecotone.






                           SAMPLE POINT


                                                       SAMPLE POINT



 0                                                                                MAY WATER LEVEL

                                                                                  AUGUST WAM IEVEL




 0
             A preliminary classification of Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes in Michigan was

             completed using a similarity index program made available to MNFI by Dr. Gerould

             Wilhelm and Linda Weistein of the Morton Arboretum. This program utilizes

             presence/absence information to compare floristic data between complexes. A table was

             then generated showing the relative floristic similarity of each complex to all. others in

             Michigan. From this table, a preliminary clustering of sites can be determined for

             classification purposes.    This same similarity index was used for analysis of the

 0           upland/wedand ecotone. For this analysis, samples from all "high" -plots were pooled and

             compared with pooled samples from the "low" plots to establish a percentage of similarity

             in plant species on either side of the spring high-water line.
 0
                                            7Z-






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                  A more complete analysis of three representative transects was completed using

            transect software also provided to MNFI by Dr. Wilhelm and Linda Wetstein. This

            software allows for rapid calculations of relative frequency, importance values, and

            cumulative wetland coefficients for each sample plot along the transect, as well as

            transect summary information. These sample analyses are provided in Appendix IV.




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                                          RESULTS AND DISCUSSION





             OCCURRENCES IN MICHIGAN AND THE GREAT LAKES REGION


                    Because the processes responsible for the development of Wooded Dune and

             Swale Complexes are directly related to very large bodies of fresh water and post-

             Pleistocene geology, their occurrences are limited to the Great Lakes region in North

             America. Through communications with specialists from throughout the region it is

             estimated that 90 to 95 complexes once occurred throughout the Great Lakes basin. The

             vast majority were found in Michigan, with perhaps 10 or 12 along the Ontario shoreline.

             The remainder were found. in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. From

             descriptions of extant examples of these complexes in Illinois and Indiana (Bacone 1979;

             Hedge, pers. com.; and Wilhelm, pers. com.) they appear to differ significantly from all

             Michigan complexes, both in species composition and abundance. Due to a lack of

             available information on the species composition of most complexes in Ontario, no direct

             comparisons could yet be made with Michigan complexes.

                   As already noted, approximately 70 Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes once

             occurred in Michigan. They were located along    Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and Lake

             Superior. No complexes are known to have existed along Michigan's Lake Erie shoreline

             (see Figure 1, page 5). Unlike many other complexes throughout the Great Lakes basin

             which have been eliminated during heavy industrial development, very few of the original

             70 complexes have been entirely destroyed. However, most complexes have been

             impacted by road cow;;truction, agricultural drainage, and intensive residential


                                                        10








            development along the shoreline. One complex on the Mackinac and Schoolcraft County

            line was eliminated by strip mining for limestone and dolomite. Complexes which have

            been most seriously degraded by shoreline development occur along southern Lake

            Huron (Huron, Bay, Arenac, losco, and Alcona counties), along northern Lake Michigan

            (Mackinac and Schoolcraft counties), and along Lake Superior (Marquette County). All

            of the largest, least disturbed complexes in Michigan were quantitatively sampled for this

            study. High quality examples of these complexes are found in highest concentrations in

            Mackinac, Schoolcraft, and northern Marquette counties. Table 1 provides a brief

            su mmary of the location, presettlement vegetation, and current condition of all 70

            complexes found in Michig-M.




            PLANT COMMUNIIUS


                   Because they contain a unique assemblage of physiographic, soil, and vegetative

            components, and provide a. high quality habitat for numerous shoreline animal species,

            the Wooded Dune and Swale Complex is considered a distinct natural community in

            Michigan (MNFI 1990). However, it is illustrative to describe the various zones of plant

            communities encountered jin these complexes. The following descriptions can be applied

            to nearly all complexes in. the state. Distinctions between complex sub-types will be

            detailed under later discussions of community classification.

                   The comparison of elevations along each transect with the mean wetland

            coefficients for species from corresponding ridges and swates helps to clarify the

            relationships between landforms and vegetation within these complexes (Herman et at.



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            Table I : Site Name, Location, Presettlement Vegetation, and Comments on Current Condition for 70 Historical Wooded Dune and Swale Complex Occurrences In Michigan.


                       SITE NAME                       COUNTY            TOWNSHIP/RANGE                       PRESETTLEMENT VEGETA'110N                                       CURRENT CONDITION

                       Harbor Beach                      Huron                 T16N R15-16E                Red/White pine fbrest@ Black ash swamp                  Mostly eliminated; homes, roads throughout.

                   Pointe Aux BaNmes*                    Huron                 T19N R13E                Hemlock, White pine, Cedar, Black ash swamp                               Private preserve.

                Port Crescent State Park*                Huron                 T18N R13E              Hemlock, White pine, Birch, Black ash, Tamarack                 Portion in State Park and County Park,
                                                                                                                                                                roads and homes elsewhere, recent development.


                   Steeper State Park*                   Huron                 718N RIO-11E                     White pine, Oak/Pine barrens,                                Portion within State Park;
                                                                                                    Tamarack swamp, Black ash swamp Emergent marsh,                      roads and homes along shoreline.
                                                                                                                            Lakes

                       Wildfowl Bay                      Huron                 T17-ISN RIOE        White pine, Lowland conifers, Great Lakes marsh, Lakes             Many drains, roads, homes throughout.

                       Tobico Marsh                      Bay                   T15N R4-5E                Tamarack swamp, American elm, Black ash,                         Developed portion of State Park,
                                                                                                                     Great Lakes marsh                                       manipulated water levels.

                        Au Gres*                         Arcnac                T19N VE                    Red/white pine, Cedar swamp, Tamarack,                        US-23, many homes along shoreline,
                                                                                                                   Yellow birch, Balsam fir                               recently established golf course.

                    Whitestorte Point                    Arenac                T20N R7E                    Black ash swamp, Tamarack, Hemlock,                            US-23, many smaller roads and
                                                                                                          Northern hardwoods along the shoreline                                homes throughout.

                       Lake Solitude                     losco                 T22N RSE           Oak-Pine Barrens, Conifer swamp, Lakes; White Pine, Red           US-23 passes along back ridges, many roads,
                                                                                                     pine, Black oak Paper birch, Tamarack Cedar, Red                       homes along the shoreline.
                                                                                                                   maple, Black ash, Aspen

                       Spencer Lake                      losco                 T22-23N R9E           Pine Barrens, Red pine, Black oak, Tamarack, Black            US-23 passes through complex; many homes
                                                                                                                        spruce, Cedar                                           along the shoreline.

                       Cedar Lake                        Alcona                T25N R9E                 Cedar swamp; Red pine, Hemlock@ Black ash                         US-23, many smaller roads and
                                                                                                                                                                                homes throughout.

                       Sturgeon Point                    Alcona            T26-27N R9-10E                   Cedar swamp, Hemlock, Black spruce,                            Roads, drains, railroad tracks,
                                                                                                              Tamarack, Paper birch, Balsam fir                            several homes within complex.

                       Black River*                      Alcona                T28N R9E                      Cedar swamp, Tamarack, Hemlock,                           Road along shoreline, several homes;
                                                                                                                    Balsam fir, Paper birch                          National Forest land included in complex.

                  Negwegon State Park*                   Alcona                T28N R9E                     Cedar swamp, White pine, Hemlock,                           Railroad tracks, park entrance road,
                                                                                                              Tamarack, Balsam fir, Paper birch                          roadside drains, timber harvest on
                                                                                                                                                                         State Forest land within complex.

                       Thunder Bay*                      Alpena                T29-31N RSE                    Cedar swamp, Great Lakes marsh,                            City of Alpena built on north end;
                                                                                                           Lakes, Tamarack, White pine, Red pine,                           US-23, many roads, homes,
                                                                                                                  Black spruce, Paper birch                                    ORV damage common.


                       QUANTITATIVELY SAMPLED












            TABLE I: CONTINUED


                        SITE NAME                        COUNTY             TOWNSHIPMANGE                         FRESET'ILEMENT VEGETATION                                         CURRENT CONDITION

                        Long Point                        Alpena                 T31N R9E                        Hemlock, White pine, Cedar swamp,                                Road and several homes along
                                                                                                                                                                              the shoreline, otherwise undisturbed.

                      Hammond Bay*                     Presque Isle            T36-37N R2-3E               Red pine, lack pine, Hardwood-Conifer swamp,                            US-23, sevei-al other roads,
                                                                                                                             Cedar swamp                                           homes along the shoreline.

                     Evergreen Beach                   Presque Isle              T36N R4E                      Red pine, White pine, Tamarack swamp                               Roads, homes long the shoreline.
                        Grass Bay*                      Cheboygan                T38N RIW                        White pine, Hemlock Cedar swamp                                  Private preserve, homes along
                                                                                 T38N RIE                                                                                           the shoreline to the east. .

                      Horseshoe Bay*                    Mackinac               T4i-42N R34W                    C-,d--- swamp, Tamn-mck, Ellack spruce.                       1-75 passes through complex; portion
                                                                                                                 Balsam fir, White pine, Paper birch,                        east of highway USFSWilderness Area.
                                                                          I                        I                        Speckled alder
                     Saint Martin's Bay                  Mackinac                T42N R3W                      Cedar swamp, Black spruce, balsam fir,                             1-75 passes through complex;
                                                                                                                       White pine, Paper birch                                     Hiawatha National Forest,
                                                                                                                                                                                      timber management.

                      Saint Vital B2y*                  Chippewa                 T41N R3E                             White spruce, Balsam fir,                        M-134 passes through, homes along the shoreline.
                                                                                                                  Cedar swamp, Great Lakes marsh

                    Platte River Point*                   Benzie               T27N R15-16W                      Open dunes, White pine, Red pine,                         Nominated as National Natural Landmark,
                                                                                                                       Tamarack swamp, Lakes                                  USPS plans for marina development.

                        Platte'Bay*                       Benzie                 T27N R15W                         Red pine, White pine, Jack pine,                        Also nominated for N.Natural landmark-
                                                                                                             Open dunes, Lakes, Speckled alder swamps                          USPS plans for marina development

                       Crystal River*                    Leclanau                T29N R14W                       Hemlock, White pine, Cedar swamp,                                Roads, homes along the shoreline,
                                                                                                                 Tamarack swamp, Lakes, Crystal River                             and in Glen Arbor; recent plans
                                                                                                                                                                                   for golf course at NW end.

                    Good Harbor Bay*                     Leelanau            T29-30N R12-13W                     Hemlock, White pine, Open dunes,                                 Homes along shoreline, part of
                                                                                                                        Balsam poplar swamp                                            National Lakeshore.

                      Bower's Harbor                 Grand Traverse              T29N R11W                       Hemlock White pine, Cedar swamp                                  Road, homes along shoreline;
                                                                                                                                                                                  surrounded by agricultural land.

                 Grand Traverse East Arm             Grand Traverse              T27N R10W                       White pine, Red pine, Cedar swamp                           Roads, urban development throughout.

                      Sturgeon Bay*                       Emmet                 T38-39N R5W                White pine, Red pine, Black spruce, Tamarack,                          Part of complex state designated
                                                                                                          Cedar swamp, Aspen, Birch, Emergent marsh, Bog                     Natural Area, remainder on pub      .c

                      Big Stone Bay*                      Emmet                  T38N R5W                        White pine, Red pine, Cedar swamp,                               Park road,. office, and parking lot
                                                                                                                    Tamarack@ Pape, birch, Aspen                                     located within complex.


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            TABLE 1    CON17NUED


                       SITE NAME                        COUNTY             TOWNSHIP/RANGE                       PRESETTIEMENT VEGETATION                                         CURRENT CONDMON

                     Trails End Bay*                     Emmet                 T39N 114W                     Cedar, Balsam fir, White pine, Hemlock,                      Road, many homes along shoreline,
                                                                                                          White pine forest on high, bark dune ridges.                   powerline corridor through complex.

                   Pointe Aux Chenes*                   Mackinac               T41-42N R4-6W           Hemlock White pine, Open dunes, Cedar swamp,                      US-2 along shoreline, remainder within
                                                                                                              Tamarack swamp, Great Lakes marsh                                  Hiawatha National Forest.

                   Epoufette Bay Vest*                  Mackinac               T42N R7-gW`              White pine, Balsam fir, White spruce, Tamarack,                      US-2 passes through complex,
                                                                                                             Cedar swamp, Red maple, Paper birch                             clear-cuts on State Forest land.

                        Naubinway                       Mackinac               T43N R9-10W                      Jack pine, Red pine, White pine,                             US-2 passes through complex,
                                                                                                                   Shrub swamps, small ponds                               many homes along the shoreline.

                        Rock River                      Mackinac               T42-43N R10W              Tamarack swamp, Cedar swamp, Black spruce                  Undisturbed except for narrow road and homes
                                                                                                                                                                                   along the shoreline.

                 Big Knob Campground*                   Mackinac               T42N RIOW           Hemlock, White pine, Jack pine, Tamarack swa    -p, Aspen,               All State Forest with campground
                                                                                                                        Black ash, ponds                                      roads, some recent clear-cuts.

                   Crow River Mouth*                    Mackinac               T42N RIO-11W                   Tamarack, Black spruce, Red maple,                       One owner, one narrow road to shoreline,
                                                                                                           White pine, Paper birch, Aspen, Black ash                     recently proposed for state acquisition.

                     Point Patterson                    Mackinac               T41N RIIW                 Cedar swamp, Balsam fir, Black/White spruce,                      ORV scramble area along shoreline,
                                                                                                                  White pine, Tamarack, Aspen                                       otherwise intact.

                       Scott Point*                     Mackinac               T41N RIIW                     Balsam fir, Black spruce, Cedar swamp                          just two homes along shoreline,
                                                                                                                                                                            remainder part of proposed state
                                                                                                                                                                                 designated Natural Area.

                      Seiners Point*                    Mackinac               T41-42N R12W              Hemlock, Tamarack, Black spruce, Balsam fir,                         intact. Part of proposed state
                                                                                                                      Aspen, Cedar swamp                                         designated Natural Area.

                     Seul Choix Bay                    Schoolcraft             T41N R12-13W        Tamarack swamp, Black spruce, White pine, Red pine on                Mostly destroyed by limestone/dolomite
                                                                                                                              ridges                                                     quarry.

                  Gulliver Like Dunes*                 Schoolcraft             T41N R13-15W              Paper birch swamp, Cedar swamp, White pine,               Homes, roads along shoreline, much potential for
                                                                                                                  Hemlock, Black/White spruce                                      future subdivisions.

                       Thompson*                       Schoolcraft             741N R16W                     Cedar swamp, Black spruce, Balsam fir,                      Urban development from Manistique,
                                                                                                                       Hemlock, Red pine                                          US-2 along shoreline.

                      Portage Bay*                       Delta                 T39N RISW                     Cedar swamp, Great Likes marsh, Lake                           Jntact; recent road construction
                                                                                                                                                                                 along northern marg  . Lns.

                        Kregg Bay                        Delta                 T38N R19W                  Cedar swamp, American beech, Sugar maple                         Roads, homes along the shoreline.

                      Gillnet Haven                      Delta                 T38N R19W                       Cedar swamp, Beech/maple forest                            intact, new owner plans to develop.


                      QUAMTrATIVELY SAMPLED












            TABLE I: CONTINUED


                        SITE NAME                       COUNTY              TOWNSHIP/RANGE                         PRESETTLEMENT VEGETATION                                         CURRENT CONDMON

                     Big Bay de Noc*                       Delta                T40N R18W                          White pine, Red pine, Hemlock,                                 Roads, railroad tracks along
                                                                                                                   Cedar swamp, Tamarack swamp                                  the shoreline; mostly public land.

                       Ogontz Bay*                         Delta                T40N R20W                          Cedar swamp, Tamarack swamp                                Intact; roads, clear-cuts at north end.

                   Tahquamenon Bay*                     Chippewa                T47N R5-6W                    White pine, Hemlock, Whiteblack spruce,                 Road along shoreline, clear-cuts on private land at
                                                                                                                          Tamarack swamp                                                 southwest end.

                      Whitefish Point                   Chippewa              T50-51N R5-7W                    Jack pine forest, Black spruce swamp,                            Roads along shore and on ridges,
                                                                                                                           Tamarack Lakes                                         cranberry &rming, fisheries
                                                                                                                                                                           impoundments, clear-cuts on State Forest.

                Two Hearted River Mouth                    Luce               T49-50N R9-10W            Mostly upland; Red pine, White pine on ridges; Black                    Several narrow roads, clear-cuts
                                                                                                             spruce, Balsam fir Red maple in few swales                               on State Forest land.

                  Muskaltonge Lake West                    Luce                T49-50N R11W             Mostly upland; White pine/Red pine on ridges, White                   Several narrow roads, otherwise intact.
                                                                                                                   spruce, Balsam ftr, Paper birch

                         Trout Bay                         Alger                T47N R19W                   Mostly Great Lakes marsh, Cedar, Black ash,                       Several narrow roads, otherwise intact.
                                                                                                                         Red pine, White pine

                         Christmas                         Alger                T47N R19W                          Cedar, Tamarack, Black spruce,                       M-28 passes through complex along shoreline,
                                                                                                                         Great Lakes marsh                                       County Park/campground also
                                                                                                                                                                                         along shoreline.

                         Au Train*                         Alger             T46-47N R20-21W               White pine, Red pine, Jack pine, Cedar swamp,               M-28, railroad tracks pass along shoreline, Town
                                                                                                               Great Lakes marsh along Au Train River                                  of Au Train located
                                                                                                                                                                                      within the complex.

                        Sand River                      Marquette              T47N R22-23W                 Mostly upland; Red pine, Jack pine, Hemlock                       M-28, many other roads pass though
                                                                                                                                                                                complex, homes along shoreline.

                      Chocolay River                    Marquette              T47N R23-24W                   Mostly upland; Red pinejack pine forest                           M-28, subdivisions, railroad tracks
                                                                                                                                                                                         along shoreline.

                 little Presque Isle Point*             Marquette              T49N R25-26W               Mostly upland; Hemlock, Red pine, White pine,                       CO. 550 passes through complex; State
                                                                                                                           Cedar, Balsam fir                                  Forest campground, private part intact.
                                                                                                                                 I
                        Iron River*                     Marquette              T51N R26-27W                     Mostly upland; Red pine, White pine,                          Narrow road; otherwise intact; recent
                                                                                                                   Great Lakes marsh along Iron River                    re-zoning for subdivision may cause threat to
                                                                                                                                                                                            complex.

                          Big Bay                       Marquette               T51N R27W                    White pine, Tamarack, Cedar, Black spruce,                            Homes along the shoreline.
                                                                                                                   Speckled alder, Great Lakes marsh


                       QUANnTATIVELY SAMPLED












             TABLE 1 % CONTINUED


                         SITE NAME                         COUNTY              TOWNSHIP/RANGE                          PRESETIMEMENT VEGETATION                                            CURRENT CONDITION

                     Salmon Trout Bay*                     Marquette            T51-52N R27-28W                Cedar swamp, Speckled alder swamp, Black ash,                   Pristine; contained within the Huron Mountain
                                                                                                                             White pine, Tamarack                                                     Club.

                         Pine River*                       Marquette                T52N R28W                         Mostly upland; Red pine, Jack pine                                 Narrow roads, homes along
                                                                                                                                                                                                the Pine River.


                         Huron River                        Baraga                T52N R29-20W                 Mostly upland; Jack pine, Red pine, Paper birch,                                      Intact.
                                                                                                               Aspen, Balsam fir, Black spruce, Speckled alder

                         L'Anse Bay                         Baraga                75ON R33-34W                        Black spruce, Balsam fir, Tamarack                                 US-41, raih-oad tracks along
                                                                             I                                                                                            I                      the shoreline.

                     Little Traverse Bay,*                 Houghton                 T55N R31W             Tamarack swamp, Red pine, Black spruce, Shrub swamp,                    Narrow road, homes along the shoreline.
                                                                                                                              Great Lakes marsh,

                    Grand Traverse Bay*                    Houghton/              T55-56N R31W                     White pine on ridges, Tamarack swamp,                       Narrow road, homes along southern shoreline;
                                                           Keweenaw                                                               Black spruce                                    Town of Traverse Bay, mine tailings along
                                                                                                                                                                                              northern shoreline.

                         Oliver Day*                       Keweenaw                 T57N R29W                  White pine on ridges, Balsam fir, Black spruce,                        Homes, road along the shoreline;
                                                                                                                               Cedar, Paper birch                                        possible future subdivision
                                                                                                                                                                                             of larW land holdings.

                         Lac La Belle                      Keweenaw                 T58N R29W                       Great Lakes marsh, White pine, Cedar,                               Road along shoreline; possible
                                                                                                                           Balsam fir, Speckled alder                                subdivision and resort development
                                                                                                                                                                                                  at north end.

                         Eagle Harbor                      Keweenaw                 T58N R31W                     Tamarack, Black spruce, Cedar@ Balsam fir,                               Road along the shoreline.
                                                                                                                      Great Lakes marsh, Speckled alder,
                                                                                                                              V.7illow swamp, Lakes

                      Flint Steel River*                   Ontonagon                T52N R39W                         White pine, Hemlock Shrub swamp                             Narrow roads, homes along the shoreline.


                         QUANTITATIVELY SAMPLED








            in press). Of the 17 sites where elevations were measured from the shoreline inland,

            only 3 sites contained swales where the sandy bottoms lay below the current Great Lakes

            water levels. This suggests that, except in a few examples, the influence of Great Lakes

            water level fluctuations is probably limited to the first few swales inland from the

            shoreline. Most of the water occupying the swales of these complexes is of inland lakes

            and streams.


                   Because plant communities in these complexes were formed through primary

            succession from low, Open Dune and Interdunal Wetland communities, the transition

            from the open shoreline dunes to forested dune ridges is usually gradual (Figure 3). For

            this reason, where possible, transects were started at the water's edge.    S p e c i e s

            common to the first swale along the shoreline include the rushes (funcus balticus, J.

            pelocarpus, J nodosus), spike rush, (Eleocbaris acicularis), and Threesquare (Scirpus

            americanus). This is a veiy unstable area most often impacted by short-term variation

            in lake levels. The foredunes of these sites are commonly 1-2 meters high, with Beach

            grass (Ammopbila breviligulata), Dune grass (Calamoviy'a longifolia), Autumn wiUow

            (Salix serissima), Dune willow (S. cordata), and Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)

            most common. Within their ranges, federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium

            pitcberz) and state threatened Lake Huron Tansy (Tanacetum buronense) are also found

            on the foredunes. Immediately behind the foredune, where take-influenced, calcareous

            sands are most common, a shallow swale often contains Twig-rush (CWium

            mariscoides), Sweet gale (Mytica gale), Shrubby cinquefoil (Potentillaftuticosa), Blue

            joint grass (Calamagrostis, canadens4s), Kalm's lobefia (Lobelia kalmit), False asphodel



                                                        17


















                                     Air-














                                                                5C








                            %:

























                             j z Z--


















             FIGURE 3: Aerial photograph of the Grand Traverse Bay Wooded Dune and Swale Complex
                    Illustrating the transition from low, open dunes to regular, forested beach ridges.






                                                           18








             (Tofteldia glutinosa), and Grass-of-Pamassus (Parnassia glauca). Less commonly, in the

             Straitsarea, federally threatened Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago houghtoniz) is found

             in these swales. A low dune field with more advanced plant succession often follows the

             first few swales. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana), White pine (P. strobus), and Red pine (P.

             resinosa) often form a scattered overstory canopy, while Ground juniper (funiperus

             communis), Creeping juniper (I. horizontalis), Bear berry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursz),

             Beach grass, and June grass (Koeleria macrantha) form a scattered ground layer.

                   Following the dune field zone, swales are more often forested and soil organic

             material has often begun to accumulate. Northern white cedar (Ybuja occidentalis),

             Speckled alder (Alnus twgosa), willows (SaUx spp.), and Red maple (Acer rubtwm)

             dominate the partial overstory canopy and understory. Sedges (Carex aquatilis) and (C.

             stricta), Twigrush, Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), Swamp candles (Lysimachia

             terrestris), and Swamp cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris) commonly dominate the ground

             layer where standing water is present through most of the year. in northern Lake

             Michigan and Lake Huron,, where these swales are better drained, and Northern white

             cedar forms the overstory, federally threatened Dwarf lake iris (It-is lacustris) may be

             found in Large non-flowering populations. Dwarf lake iris typically flowers only where

             windthrows have opened the forest canopy.

                   Forested beach ridges, with soils of medium to course sand, tend to be dominated

             by species common to Dry-Mesic and Mesic Northern Forest (MNFI 1990). Soil moisture

             conditions appear to change dramatically with slight elevational. changes and are reflected

             in the development of soil organic material and plant species. On higher, drier ridges,
0


                                                         19



0








            soils often have less than 3 cm of organic material. Red pine (Pinus resinosa), Wh        ite

            pine (P. strobus) and Red oak (Quercus rubra) often are co-dominant, while Paper birch

            (Betula papyrifera), Bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), Balsam fir (Abies

            balsamea), and Red maple are sub-dominant or understory species. Bracken fern

            (Pteridium aquilinum), Black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata), Blueberry (Vaccinium

            myrtilloides), Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis), and Wintergreen (Gaultheria

            procumbens) often dominate the shrub and ground layers. Figures 4a and 4b illustrate

            this situation at Sturgeon Bay, where high, wind-sorted dune ridges support upland

            vegetation clearly distinguishable from adjacent swales. On lower ridges, moisture

            conditions may be markedly improved and soil organic material accumulation is greater

            (4-25 cm.). White pine may still dominate the overstory, but often White spruce, Black

            spruce, Red maple, Balsam fir, Northern white cedar, and occasionally Tamarack (Larix

            laricina) are co-dominant. Canada honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis), Mountain holly

            (Nemopantbus mucronatus), Twinflower (Linnaea borealis), Dwarf blackberry (Rubus

40          pubescens), Canada mayflower (Maiantbemum canadensis), and Starflower (Ttlentalis

            borealis) dominate the shrub and ground layers. Complexes located in embayments

            protected from prevailing winds tended to be formed entirely by low, water-lain beach

            ridges. As a result, most beach ridges within these complexes would be considered

            wetland in character. Figures 5a and 5b fflustrate this situation at Ogontz Bay, where on

            most of the very low beach ridges, mean wedmd coefficients are mostly less than zero.

                   Because of irregularities in shoreline configuration, sand source, wind strength and

            direction, and seasonal climatic variation that influenced the deposition of the beach



                                                        20






                                                                          Sturgeon Bay





                                 4-   5 -
                                 C_-
                                 (D   4 -
                                 -9   d -
                                 4-
                                      2

                                 0
                                                                     T                   T
                                      n

                                 C   -2
                                 0
                                 :;-- -3-
                                 (D  -4 -
                                     -5 -



                                 E

                                 C

                                     12   -

                                      8   -

                                      4   -
                                 CO
                                 -i

                                 (D
                                     -4
                                 CO     0       100    200     300     400     500     600     700     800     900     1000    1100

                                 (D                                  Distance from Lake Michigan (m)




                                    FIGURE 4a: Elevational transect and corresponding Wetland Coefficients for the Sturgeon Bay
                                          Wooded Dune and Swale Complex.














                                                                               irnpnn Rqv



              E


              CO
              0)

                    10
                     9
                     8
              CO
                1    7                                                                                                                              A.
                     6
              0      5
              -0
              CO      525                 550                  575-                 600                  625                 650                  675

                                                                Distance from Lake Michigan               (m)



                                FIGURE 4b: Illustration of the vegetation associated with a 150 meter portion of the transect at
                                        Sturgeon Bay.







                                                                             Ogontz       Bay



                                     5
                                     4
                                     3
                                     2

                                 0
                                 0   u
                                 _0 -1  - t Tit          @11 li- I-L I -L I
                                 C: -2
                                 4- -3  -
                                 (D -4  -
                                 3: -5  -

                                 E

                                 C
                                 CO
                                 0)
                                 7:: 12 -

                                       8

                                       4 -
                                 CO
                                 _j    0
                                 0
                                 >
                                 0     4
                                 -0
                                         0      100     200     300      400     500     600     700      800     900     1000     1100

                                 (D                                   Distance from Lake Michigan (m)
                                 LIJ



                                   FIGURE 5a: Elevational transect and corresponding Wetland Coefficients for the Ogontz Bay Wooded
                                          dune and Swale Complex.











                                                                 nnnnt7 Bay


              IE

              CO
              0)                                                                                        Fj
                  6   -
                  5

              CD
                  3
              CO
              -1  2
              CD  1
                  0
              CO    200              225               250-               275               300               325                350

              LU                                        Distance from Lake       Michigan (m)


                                FIGURE 5b: Mustration of the vegetation associated with a 150 portion of the transect at Ogontz
                                      Bay.









             ridges, no discernable pattern in the width and depth of the adjacent swales was

             apparentalong the transects from the shoreline inland. Swales ranged from 1-30 m wide

             and 0.5-3 m deep. Many narrow, shallow swales are forested, with Northern white cedar,

             Black spruce, and Red maple the most common dominants. Speckled alder and willows

             commonly dominate the understory and shrub layers. Sedges (Carex disperma), (C.

             trisperma), (C. leptalea), (C. interior), (C. cryptolepis), (C. flava), (C. intumescens), Blue

             joint grass, Fowl manna grass (Glyceria striata), Water horehound (Lycopus uniflorus),

             and Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnum spp.) dominate the ground layer. Wider, deeper

             swales are more often unforested, with Chokeberry (Aronia prunifolia), Red osier

             dogwood (Cornus stolonifiera), Bog birch (Betula pumila), and Speckled alder forming

             a shrubby ecotone and sedges (Carex lasiocarpa), (C. oligosperma), (C. aquatilis), (C.

             stricta), Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus), Marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris), and Horned

             bladderwort (Utricularia cornuta) dominate the sedge mat. Where sedge mats are not

             well developed, Bur-reed (Sparganium minimum), Pond-lily (Nupbar variegata),

             Pondweeds (Potamogeton berchtoldii) and (P. natans) are more commonly found.

                   Reflecting the passage of time and plant succession, a steady, though irregular,

             increase in soil organic matter accumulation in swales from the shoreline inland was

             clearly noted along the transects. Often within 300 meters of the water's edge, organic

             material in swales reached a depth of 30-75 cm. Also, vegetation in swales tended to

             reflect more acid conditions and peat accumulation increases with distance from the

             shoreline.    Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), Bog rosemary (Andromeda

             glaucophylla), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), Bog laurel (Kalmia polifolia),


                                                         25
 







            Large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Cottongrass (Eriopborum virginicum),

            Pitcher-plant (Sarracenia purpurea), Sphagnum mosses (Spbagnum centrale), (S.

            wuoianum), (S. warnstorjit), (S. magellanicum), and (S. squarrosum) were more

            commonly found in the swates farthest from the shoreline.

                   A similar pattern of increased organic matter accumulation exists with complexes

            located further north along Lake Superior. Figures 6a and 6b illustrate the elevational

            cross-section of Grand Traverse Bay in Keweenaw County, where very low beach ridges

            and swales show high levels; of organic matter accumulation, moist, acid conditions, and

            support Bog-like vegetation within a short distance from the shoreline.




            A PRELIMINARY CLASSIFICA11ON OF MICHIGAN
            WOODED DUNE AND SWALE COMPLEXES



                   General north-south trends in plant species occurrences were clearly reflected in

            the upland and wetland components Michigan's Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes.

            Extremes are in evidence between the complexes along Saginaw Bay, which contain

            species of southern character, and those of the Keweenaw Peninsula, with a distinctive

            Boreal character. Along this general north-south trend, complexes were broken into five

            sub-types based primarily on the processes of beach ridge formation which have resulted

            in significantly different assemblages of plant species.

0                  A similarity index was utilized to compare all species (vascular plants and mosses)

            present within each complex with those of all other complexes. The formula used was:

            SIM (% similarity) = 2C/A+B, where C = the number of species in common, and A and
0


                                                        26



0








                                                                        Grand Traverse




                                   5
                                   4
                              -U   0                                                                  T y
                              4-   2
                              Q)
                              0
                              0    0

                                  -2 -
                              :P-  3 -
                                  -4 -
                                  -5 -
               4
                              E

                              C:
                              CO
                              0)
                              :ff 12
                                   8

                              -Y   4  -
                              CO
                              _j


                              >
                              0
                              -0
                              CO     0       '100    200     300      400     500     600      700     800      900     1000    1100
                              5
                              CD                                   Distance from Lake Michigan (m)
                              Lu



                                  FIGURE 6a: Elevational. transect and corresponding Wetland Coefficients for the Grand Traverse Bay
                                        Wooded Dune and Swale Complem













                                                                      (2r,qn(i TrqvPrnt


                E

                0
                CD   6
                OL
                :3   5
                CO   4
                     3
                CO
                -1   2
                CD   1
                8    0
                -0
                      625                 650                 675.                 700                  725                  750                 775

                                                               Distance from        Lake    Superior (m)
                w


                                      FIGURE 6b: Illustration of the vegetation associated with a 150 meter portion of the transect at
                                             Grand Traverse Bay.








             B are the number of species in the two compared lists. From the resulting table, a

             preliminary breakdown of complex sub-types was derived. The five sub-types were

             named using their general location and landform features responsible for their distinctive

             vegetation. They include the Southern Lake Huron sub-type, the Northern Lake

             Huron/Lake Michigan-Low Dune sub-type, the Northern Lake Michigan-High Dune sub-

             type, the Lake Superior-High Dune sub-type, and the Lake Superior-Low Dune sub-type.

z            Table 2 includes a sub-set of the larger table of similarity indices to illustrate the basic

             breakdown of Wooded Dune and Swale Complex sub-types.

                    First, it should be noted that there were relatively low percentages of similar
0            species, even within complexes of each sub-type. This reflects the highly variable nature

             of these complexes, which is logical given that they are made up of numerous upland and
0            wetland plant communities. Based purely on the analysis of vegetation, it would not be
             difficult to argue that each one of these complexes is unique.'

                    The general trend ot"decreasing similarity is clear when comparing the complexes

0            of the Southern Lake Huron sub-type to the other sub-types further north, where the

             Pointe Aux Barques compl4m shares 50% of the species with nearby Au Gres, but as little

             as 19% of plant species with Grand Traverse Bay.

                    The Southern Lake Huron sub-type was not separated by landform type, primarily

             because few intact examples exist to be used for that comparison. Within this sub-type,

             elevations were only taken along the transect at Point Aux Barques. Figure 7 illustrates

             the change in elevation -,aong that 478 meter transect. Rather abrupt increases in

             elevations of several beach ridges indicates those that were re-worked by wind prior to



                                                         29















                    TABLE 2: Similarity Indices of Plant Species from Representative Sites for each Wooded Dune and Swale Complex sub-type using a sinifliarity index.

                                   SUB,-TYPE                             SIM NAME                     Sim


                                 S.Lake Huron                 (A) Pointe Aux Barques                  (A)

                                 S.Lake Huron                 (B) Au Gres                              50      (B)

                                                                                                       2A      21
                              114. michiganrliurun            (C) Cfo-w River                          -       --   I
                                   LOW Dune

                              N. Huron/Mchigan                (D) Ogontz Bay                           35      39       48       (D)
                                   Low Dune

                               N. Lake Michigan               (E) Gulliver Dunes                       26      28       41       43       (E)
                                   High Dune

                               N. Lake Michigan               (F) Platte River Point                   27      35       42       41       43       (F)
                                   High Dune

                                 Lake Superior                (G) Iron River                           28      31       37       34       36       37       (G)
                                   High Dune

                                 Lake Superior                (H) Presque Isle Point                   28      41       38       38       36       39       41      (H)
                                   High Dune

                                 Lake Superior                (I) Au Train Bay                         is      20       28       29       40       33       46       32       (1)
                                   Low Dune

                                 Lake Superior                    Grand Traverse Bay                   19      21       3                 40       39       48       35       58
                                   Low Dune













                                                                   Pointe Aux Barques


                              E

                              C
                              0
                                   12
                              M    8 -
                              y
                                    4

                              (D    0
                              0
                              -0   -4
                              CO     0      100     200     300     400     500    -600     700     800     900    1000    1100
                              (D
                              LU                                   Distance from Lake Huron  (m)







                                 FIGURE 7: Elevationai transect. for the Pointe Aux Barques Wooded Dune and Swale Complex








             being stabilized by vegetation. This landform type may reflect a relatively slow decreasein

             lake water levels, when time for sand accumulation from long-shore winds, and dune

             formation could take place. Further inland, a series of very low, water-lain ridges lie at

             or just above the current Lake Huron water level. This probably reflects a period of
             relatively rapid decline in post-glacial lake water (levels, which left little time for large

             beach ridge deposition and wind-sorting.

                    This sub-type is best distinguished by species of southern character, such as

             Cottonwood (Populus deftoides), Black walnut VugZans nigra), and Buttonbush

             (Cephalanthus occidental4s) which are inter-mixed with other tree and shrub species

             more common further north.


                     Complexes within the Northern lake Huron/Lake Michigan-Low Dune sub-type

             are commonly found in ernbayments with little exposure to prevailing westerly winds.

             As a result, the low beach ridges (0.5-1m) of these complexes are almost entirely water-

             lain. They generally support wedand vegetati   on in the swales and on many of the ridges.

             All complexes along the Northern Lake Huron shoreline fall into this category. Along the

             Northern Lake Michigan shoreline, complexes of this sub-type are found in portions of

             Mackinac, Schoolcraft, and Delta counties, where embayments are protected from

             westerly winds. Because the sandy soils along these shorelines are partly derived from

             limestones and dolomites of the underlying Niagran Escarpment, plant species associated

             with moist, calcareous conditions, including Great Lakes endemics such as Houghton's

             goldenrod and Dwarf lake iris, are most commonly found close to the shoreline. Figures

             5a and 5b, in the previous section, illustrate the elevational. cross-section at Ogontz Bay,



                                                          32








            and is representative of complexes within this sub-type. A detailed listing of vegetation

            found within the complex al: Ogontz Bay is found in Appendix IV. This can be consulted

            as a representative example of the species composition of the Wooded Dune and Swale

            Complexes within this sub-type.

                   The Northern Lake Michigan-High Dune sub-type is distinguished by high, often

            irregular dune ridges formed as prevailing westerly winds added to and re-sorted the

            sands of the beach ridges. As a result, clear distinctions can be made between the upland

            vegetation of the relatively high dune ridges (2-5 m) and the wetland vegetation in the

            swales. The dune ridges of these complexes tend to be dominated by White pine, Red

            pine, Red oak, and Paper birch. The swales of these complexes contain the widest variety

            of plant communities Of MY of the sub-types. Wetland plant communities include
0           Emergent Marshes, Intermittent wetlands, Bogs, Northern Wet Meadows, as well as
            Specked alder-dominated swamps and Northern white cedar-dominated swamps.

            Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes belonging to this sub-type are most common in

            Benzie, Leelanau, Emmet, Mackinac, and Schoolcraft counties. Figures 4a and 4b in the

            previous section illustrate a representative cross-section of elevations and wetland/upland

            vegetation as it occurs at Stargeon Bay. Appendix IV contains a detailed listing of species

            at Sturgeon Bay that can be consulted as a representative of this sub-type.

                   The complexes along the Lake Superior shoreline are dominated by plant species

            of distinctly northern character. The Lake Superior-High Dune sub-type is represented

            by relatively few examples located in Marquette and Luce counties. Only 3 examples of

            this sub-type were quantitatively sampled for this project. The complexes of this sub-type



                                                        33








             generally contain few swales which support wettand vegetation. This is due to well

             drained conditions resulting from relatively high, wind-sorted dune ridges (1-3 m), and

             by adjacent rivers that effectively drain off much of the complex. Figure 8 illustrates this

             situation at Iron River in Mw-quette County, where although the bottom of one of the first

             swales ties below current Lake Superior water levels (that swale is an abandoned stream

             channel), all other swales are high and well drained. These complexes are most often

             characterized by Dry Northern Forest with Jack pine and Red pine as dominants.

                    Complexes of the Lake Superior-Low Dune sub-ty0e are generally found along the

             Lake Superior shoreline where the embayments are not directly exposed to prevailing

             westerly winds. The resulting low, water-lain beach ridges often support wetland

             vegetation dominated by White spruce, Black spruce, Tamarack, and Balsam fir. These

             complexes also contain numerous wet swales with highly acid peatlands and Bog-like

             vegetation. Figure 6 in the previous section illustrates the elevational. cross-section at

             Grand Traverse Bay, where: wettand vegetation dominates many beach ridges as well as

             the swales.    A detailed listing of the vascular plant species found within this

             representative complex can be consulted in Appendix IV.

                    In order to further refine this classification of Wooded Dune and Swale Complex

             sub-types, comparisons could be made between the specific upland and wetland plant

             communities associated with each complex. The use of the similarity index has significant

             weaknesses, especially when comparing complexes which vary considerably in the

             numbers of species present. Multi-variate approaches may also provide a more.efficient

             subdivision of sub-types by formally adding abiotic factors such as soil pH, average water



                                                         34


















                                                                             Iron River


                                E

                                0
                                .L-
                                'D   12
                                0
                                :3
                                U)   8
                                (D
                                13f
                                CO   4
                                -1   0  V\,
                                (D        V
                                >
                                0    4
                                -Q
                                CO     0      100     200     300     400     500     600     700      800     900    1000     1100

                                (D
                                Uj                                  Distance from Lake Superior (m)





                                  FIGURE 8: Elevational transect for the Iron River Wooded Dun*e and Swale Complex.








            depths, organic matter depths, and beach ridge height to the classification. PROTECTION

            STATUS AND PRIORITY MWKS

                   Land ownership of the highest quality complexes in Michigan is split between

            federal, state, and private sectors. Four high quality complexes are found within the

            Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. Seven complexes are all or partly included

            within either the Huron-Manistee or Hiawatha National Forests. Eighteen complexes are

            all or partly included on State Forest and State Park lands. Three complexes, at Salmon

            Trout Bay (Marquette County), Pointe Aux Barques (Huron County), and Grass Bay

            (Cheboygan County) are maintained as private preserves. The eight remaining high

            quality complexes are found on private lands with no apparent plans for their long term

            protection.

                   The following tables (3a through 3e) provide a listing of high quality sites within

            each Wooded Dune and Svmle Complex sub-type ranked in order of protection priority.

            The mechanism for establishing these ranking priorities does not take current protection

            plans into account. It does, however, attempt to incorporate significant biological factors

            and known disturbances into the ranking process. The three factors utilized in

            determining these priorities include the MNFI Element Occurrence Rank, the total size

            of the natural remnants ofthe complex, and the number of species encountered along

            the sampling transect. Tlie Element Occurrence Rank, whose criteria are detailed in

            Appendix VI, incorporates significant hydrological alterations and other human-caused

            disturbances, along with more general characteristics of complex size and species

            diversity. This is the primary ranking factor in determining the priority list. Second in



                                                         36










                  TABLE 3a: Ranked Listing of Michiggin Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, Southern Lake Huron.

                                                  SITE NANCE                              COUNTY               RANK ACRES
                            I                                                                                                    I SPECIES
                       I                    Pointe Aux Bairques                             Huron                A        400          154

                       2                          Au Gres                                   Arenac               BC       2600         100

                       3                     Steeper State Park                             Huron                BC       2100         129

                       4                          Port Crescent                             Huron                C        2200         126



                  TABLE 3b: Ranked Listing of Michigan Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, Northern lakes Huron/?otichigan - Low
                             Dunes.


                                                  SrM NAME                                COUNTY              RANK ACRES
                                                                                                                                    SPECIES


                       1                          Ogontz Bay                                Delta                A        2100         150

                       2                          Crow River                              Mackinac               A        1600         117

                       3                          Portage Bay                               Delta                A        1160         151

                       4                    Epoufette Bay West                            Mackinac               A        350          129

                       5                          Thompson                                Schoolcraft            AB       9500         165

                       6                          Big Bay de Noc                            Delta                AB       7900         Ill

                       7                  Big Knob Campground                             Mackinac               AB       2100         91

                       8                          Seiners Point                           Mackinac               AB       1850         94

                       9                          Horseshoe: Bay                          Mackinac               AB       1400         128

                       10                         Scott Point                             Mackinac               AB       Soo          95

                       11                         Saint Vital. Bay                        Chippewa               B        960          101

                       12                         Thunder Bay                               Alpena               TIC      1450         7

                       13                         Black River                               Alcona               BC       8W           87

                       14                         Crystal River                           Leelanau               BC       580          87

                       15                         Hanuncond Bay                           Presque Isle           C        1300         62

                       16                  Neg%regon State Park                        Alcona/Alpena             C        1000         116

                       17                         Trail's End Bay                           Enunet               C        480          53

                       18                         Grass Bay                               Cheboygan              C        360          99

                       19                         Bower's Harbor                       Grand Traverse            CD       175          50












                                                                                 37











                   TABLE 3c: Ranked Listing of Michiggn Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, Northern lake Michigan - High
                              Dunes.


                                                   SITE NAME                                COUNTY               RANK ACRES
                                                                                                                                        SPECIES


                       I                     Pointe Aux Chenes                              Mackinac                A        4600          170

                       2                           Plane Bay                                  Benzie                A        2600          114

                       3                       Platte River Point                             Benzie                A        2400          142

                       4                         Sturgeon Bay                                 Emmet                 A        1400          141

                       5                     Gulliver Lake Dunes                            Schoolcraft            AB        2300          138

                       6                      Good Harbor Bay                               Leelanau               BC        2100          94

                       7                        Big Stone flay                                Emmet                 C        360           49





                   TABLE 3d: Ranked Listing of Michigan Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, Lake Superior - High Dunes.


                                                   SITE NAME                                COUNTY               RANK ACRES
                                                                                                                                        SPECIES

                                                   Iron River                               Marquette               A        880           86

                                           Little Presque ble Point                         Marquette               B                      75

                       3                           Pine Rivrr                               Marquette              BC        520           29





                   TABLE 3e- Ranked Listing of Michigan Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes, Lake Superior - Low Dunes.

                                                   SrM NAME                                 COUNTY               RANK ACRES
                                                                                                                                        SPECIES

                       I                      Salmon Trout Bay                              Marquette               A        720           157

                       2                     Grand Traverse Bay                       Houghton/Keweenaw            AB        3500          96

                       3                      TahquamenDn Bay                               Chippewa               AB        2000          86

                       4                           Oliver Bay                               Keweenaw               AB        950           so

                       5                      Little Traverse Bay                           Houghton               AB        575           65

                       6                       Flint Steel River                            Ontonagon              AB        500           107

                       7                           Au Train                                   Alger                BC        2800          102









                                                                                   38








             importance for priority raniking is the complex size, which generally corresponds to

             thecomplexity and diversity of plant communities likely to be found. The third factor,

             species encountered along the sampling transect, is least significant of these three factors,

             but may help to identify species-rich complexes among the lower priority sites.

                   Again, these priority rankings are primarily based on biological criteria, and are

             meant to provide a guide to state-wide priorities. Actions aimed at providing protection

             to any of these complexes would, of course, take into account the amount of protection

             already provided by current: ownership and management.



             THE UPIAND/WETLAND ECOTONE

                    Data collected from 9 Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes scattered throughout

             the state was used to compare plant species located along the uplandAvetland ecotone.

             Presence/absence information from pooled samples taken above the May water levels

             ('high" samples) was compared using the similarity index with the pooled samples taken

             from between the May and August water levels (low" samples). 68% of the species were

             found in both the "higN' and the "low" samples. This shows the value of many plant

             species for indicating wedand conditions where irregular fluctuations in water levels

             appear to be the norm. Although 1991-1992 water levels and soil characteristics were

             not, in all cases, indicative Of true wetland conditions, the vegetation most often provided

             a clear indication of soil moisture content in the recent past.







                                                          39









             PIANT SPECIES FREQUENCIES

                    A total of 631 species of vascular plants, mosses, and algae were found along the

             transects taken within the Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes during 1991 and 1992.

             Based on analysis of data collected at 39 complexes, where 470 sample points were taken

             in areas designated as wethLnd and 488 sample points were taken in areas designated as

             upland, species found to be most frequent in the wetlands included: Northern white

             cedar (7buja occidentafts), Red maple (Acer rubrum), Balsam fir (Abies balsamea),

             Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), Northern bugle weed (Lycopus uniflorus), Dwarf rasberry

             (Rubus pubescens), Starflower (Ttlentalis borealis), Blue flag (Iris versicolor), Fowl

             manna grass (Glyceria striata), Blue joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), Goldthread

             (Coptis trifolia), Paper birch (Betulapa"rifera), Marsh fern (Thelypterispalustris), Black

             spruce (Picea mariana), and Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum).

                    A complete plant list with relative fi-equencies in both upland and wettand habitats,

             as well as a list of species ordered by their frequency of occurrence in wedand habitats,

             is found in Appendix V.

















                                                          40










                                                 CONCLUSIONS




                   This inventory helped to demonstrate the diverse nature of the 40 high quality

            Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes along Michigan's Great Lakes shoreline. The

            specific geological processes which formed each complex, along with the extent of north-

            south variation in vegetation patterns, combine to create a diverse array of plant and

            animal habitats within each complex.

                   A preliminary classification of Michigan's Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes was

            established using presence/absence data for species of vascular plants and mosses from

            each complex. Distinguishing factors for the five complex sub-types include the general

            north-south trend in plant species distributions, from southern Lake Huron to western

            Lake Superior, along with the relative impact of wind-sorting vs. water-lain processes

            which formed the beach ridges of each complex. Complexes with predominantly water-

            lain beach ridges tended to support more wedand plant communities than complexes

            where wind-sorted ridges Nvere common.

                   Elevational transects taken from the shoreline in a number of complexes indicated

            that, for the most part, thewater found in the wet swales of these complexes is of inland

            origin. In a few examples, the sandy bottoms of the first few swales was found to be at

            or below the current Great Lakes water level. The relative influence of Great Lakes water


            level fluctuations on the hydrology of these complexes therefore appears to be limited

            to these first few swales. However, in many cases, the hydrology of the complex is

            directly impacted by a river flowing through the complex and into one of the Great Lakes.



                                                        41









                    Recent human disturbances were found in nearly all of Michigan's complexes.

             These typically took the form of impacts from the logging era, roads (some major

             highways) along the shoreline, agricultural drainage, and varying degrees of urban and

             dispersed residential development. Roads located along individual beach ridges certainly

             have significant local impacts, but generally have minimal impacts on the vegetation of

             the entire complex. Impacts on vegetation composition were most apparent where large

             roads cross over large, wet swales. SmaUer roads, with culverts instaued, tended to have

             less of an impact on associated wedand vegetation.

                    Priorities for actions to protect these complexes should be established by utilizing

             the preliminary classification as outlined in the previous section. The goals of state-wide

             protection efforts should be to address the long term threats to the highest quality

             complexes in each of the five sub-types. This approach attempts to gain protection for

             the full range of natural diversity found within the complexes of the state. These ranked

             listings represent the ecological values of each complex. Local considerations of land

             ownership and current protection efforts can then be taken into account with these

             ecologically-based priorities in hand.

                    The protection of these distinctive Great Lakes shoreline features as natural areas

             helps to ensure for future generations the opportunity to experience, appreciate, and

             learn about the natural landscape and the ecological processes which maintain it and its

             inhabitants. As with all coastal wetlands, these complexes provide an important buffer

             for maintaining Great Lakes water quality. They provide wettand habitat for waterfowl

             and fur-bearers, and upland habitat for game and non-game birds and mammals. They



                                                         42








            serve as scientific resources, for the study of Great Lakes system ftinctions, for baseline

            data on relatively undisturbed natural systems, and as monitoring sites for environmental

            degradation. Because of the natural events directly responsible for their formation, these

            complexes may also be a resource for the study of long-term patterns of climate change.

            The opportunities to protect the high natural-quality complexes continues to decline each

            year, especially because many complexes are not currently protected under wetland

            protection laws and pressure for development along Michigan's shoreline continues to

            increase. It is therefore imperative that we act now to protect this valuable natural

            resource for current and ftiture generations.






























                                                        43










                                            ACKNOWLIEDGEMENTS


                   We would like to th'ank the Coastal Management Program of the Land and Water
             Management Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, for providing funding
             for this study. Dr. Kurt Pregitzer of the Forestry Department and the staff of the Remote
             Sensing Laboratory of Michigan State University provided access to their respective
             research facilities. Thanks to Dr. Gerould Wilhelm and Linda Wetstein of the Morton
             Arboretum in Chicago, and Kim Herman (MNFI) for their assistance in using the
             MICHDEX and SIMDEX software. Thanks also go to Laura Mattei (The Nature
             Conservancy, Michigan Chapter), Elaine Chittenden (MNFI), Michael Penskar (MNFI), and
             Judy Soule (N4NFI) for their enthusiastic participation in several rigorous ifield surveys
             during 1992.
                   Numerous individuals provided indispensible help throughout the final stages of
             this project. They include Sue Ridge (MNFI) who provided many useful ideas and spent
             many long hours managing this. large data set. Leah Minc produced all transect cross-
             sections for this report. Lyn Scrimger (MNFI) generated the state-wide distribution maps.
             Several specialists from thrDughout the Great Lakes region provided useful information
             on the complexes in their state/province. They include Don Faber-Langendoen (Ibe
             Nature Conservancy, Midwest Heritage Task Force), John Riley (Ontario Ministry of
             Natural Resources), Dr. Jennifer Shay (University of Manitoba at Winnipeg), Eric Epstein
             (Wisconsin Natural Heritage Program), Dr. Gerould Wilhelm (Morton Arboretum), Roger
             Hedge (Indiana Natural Heritage Data Center), Allison Cusick (Ohio Natural Heritage
             Program), Charles Bier (Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory), and Kathleen Strakosh
             (New York Natural Heritage Program).



                                                  REFERENCES



             Albert, D.A., S.R Denton, and B.V. Barnes. 1986. Regional Landscape Ecosystems of
                   Michigan. School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan 48109-1115. 32 pp.

             Bacone, J.A. 1979. Shell Oil Dune and Swale, A report on a natural area. Indiana
                   Department of Natural Resources, Division of Nature Preserves. 72 pp.

             Comer, P.J. and D.A. Albert. 1991. A Survey of Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes in
                   the Northern Lower and Eastern Upper Peninsulas of Michigan. A report by the
                   Michigan Natural Features Inventory to the Coastal Management Program, Michigan
                   Department of Natural Resources. 99 pp.

             Dorr, J.A. and D.F. Eschman. 1970. Geology of Michigan. The University of Michigan
                   Press. Ann Arbor, Michigan 476 pp.




                                                        44








            Herman, K. D., and M. R. Penskar, A. A. Reznicek, W. W. Brodowicz, G. Wilhelm, L.
                   Wetstein. in prep. The Michigan Floristic Quality Assessment System With Wedand
                   Categories.

            Homoya, M.A., D.B. Abrefl, J.R. Aldrich, and T.W. Post. 1985. The Natural Regions of
                   Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science. (Vol. 94) pp. 245-268.

            Michigan Natural Features Inventory. 1990. Draft Description of Michigan Natural
                   Community Types. (Unpublished manuscript revised April 2, 1990).

            Reed, P. 1988. National List Of Plant Species That Occur In Wetlands: Michigan. U.S. Fish
                   and Wildlife Service Department of Interior Biological Report.

            Wilhelm, G. 1989. Wedand Vegetation & Quality Assessment of Wedand Areas at the
                   Three Areas Along Michigan Roadsides in Berrien County. Unpublished Report to
                   the Michigan Depariment of Transportation.

            Wilhelm, G. 1990. Special Vegetation of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana
                   Dunes National Lakeshore Research Program Report 90-02.



























                                                       45






0






a






0






0




0                                    APPENDIX I

                 SITE SUMMARIES FOR COMPLEXES SAMPLED DURING 1992



a                                          -






0






0






0






0


                                         46



0














                                                                                                             WOODED DUNE & SWALE
0                                                                      ------                                COMPLEXES SAMPLED IN 1992

                                                               ,ghlcr@l


9,                                                             Baraga

                               Gogsb1c                                       Marquette                                             Luce
                                                            Iran                                    AJger        Schooloraft                       Chippewa

                                                                          Dickinsori               Delta





                                                                                    iornin                                                        Emmet
                                                                                                                                                          Cheb


                                                                                                                                            Cher1l 'x                         we Isle

                                                                                                                                                                                Alpena
                                                                                                                                             Antrim     Otsego Montmo+y
                                                                                                                          Leelanau

                                                                                                                       Beraja     Grand                                          Alcona
                                                                                                                                  Traverse  Kalkaska Crawtord 0900da

                                                                                                                      Manistee    Ws)dord    'ssaukee, loscomm       Ogernew      losco,

                                                                                                                                                                          Arenac
                                                                                                                Mason         Lake    Osceola       Clare      Gladwin

                                                                                                                                                                                                 Huron
                                                                                                               Oceans                  Mecosta,    Isabella Midland Bay
                                                                                                                          Newaygo
                                                                                                                                                                                       Tuscola        Sanilac,
                                                                                                                   Muskegon -            Montclam,        Gratict      Saginaw
                                                                                                                       Ottawa      Kam        Ionia      Clinton     Shlawass  Genesee      Lap-        St. otair

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ma
                                                                                                                          Allegan        Barry                            Uvingst       Oakland

                                                                                                                   Van Buren      Kalarnazoc Calhoun          Jackson     Washtenaw       Wayne

                                                                                                                          as      St. Joseph  Branch Hillsdale         Lenawee      Monroe
                                                                                                          Berrien










                                                SITE SUMMARIES


                   A short discussion follows for each Wooded Dune and Swale Complex that was

            quantitatively sampled during the 1992 field season. Topographic maps indicating

            natural-area boundaries and transect locations for each site are found in Appendix IL

            Data collected for each site are summarized in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4 summarizes


            geographic, biological, ownership and protection information, while Table 5 fists the

            special plants, special animals, and high quality natural communities associated with each


            site.





            IJAXE HURON


                   1. Pointe Aux Barques (Huron Co.) The Pointe Aux Barques complex fies just

            west of the northem tip of Huron County along Lake Huron. Th       e complex is bounded

            along the south side by a low ridge along Pointe Aux Barques Road, and to the west by

            the town of Port Austin. The complex comprises approximately 400 acres. Although this

            area has been logged in the past, no significant disturbances or hydrological alterations

            were observed.


                   This complex is characterized by a series of low to moderately high ridges (0.54.0

            m), with narrow, wet swales (4-20 in wide). Along the transect, the beach ridges reached

            a maximum elevation of 4.8 m above Lake Huron at a distance of 200 m inland from


            shore. Beyond this point, elevations steadily declined to only 9 cm above Lake Huron

            at a distance of 478 m inland from shore. The water source for the swales of this


            complex appear to be from groundwater flows from further inland. Organic matter depth



                                                        48









                      TABLE 4: Stmunary of Location, Acreage, Biological, Ownership, and Comments on Conservation for each complex sampled during 1992.

                                  SITE NAME                      COUNTY         RANK                         ACRES         RLE         OWNERSHIP                         PROTECMON/MANAGEMENT
                                                                                             SPECIES                                                                               COMMENTS

                        1. Pointe Aux Barques                    Huron             A             154           400         1EI             Private            Private preserve, no apparent threat.

                        2. Port Crescent                         Huron             C             126           2200        IE1           State Park,          County establishing preserve, further
                                                                                                                                      County, Private         public acquisition between public tracts
                                                                                                                                                              recommended.

                        3. Sleeper State Park                    Huron             BC            129           2100        IE1           State Park,          Acquisition of tracts west of state park
                                                                                                                                           Private            recommended to limit degradation to complex.

                        4. Au Gres                               Arenac            BC            100           2800        2GI             Private            Land use agreements to protect the core of the
                                                                                                                                                              compLex recommenueu.

                        5. Platte Bay                            Benzie            A             114           2600        2JI         Sleeping Bear          Nominated as National Natural Landmark; NPS has
                                                                                                                                      Dunes National          plans to develop a marina in several swales.
                                                                                                                                         Lakeshore            Proposal should be rejected.

                        6. Crystal River                         Leelanau          BC            87            580         2JI        Private, National       Proposed golf course on one private tract;
                                                                                                                                         Lakeshore            public acquisition of this tract recommended.

                        7. Bower's Harbor                        Grand             CD            50            175         2K2             Private            Land use agreements in and around complex
                                                                 Traverse                                                                                     recommended.

                        8. Pointe Aux Chenes                     Mackinac          A             170           4600        3MI       Hiawatha National        USFS could consider expansion of current
                                                                                                                                           Forest             Research Natural Area boundaries to include
                                                                                                                                                              entire complex.

                        9. Gulliver Lake Dunes                Schoolcraft          AB            138           2300        3M1           State Forest,        Public acquisition of additional tracts on east
                                                                                                                                           Private            end of the complex strongly recommended.

                        10. Thompson                          Schoolcraft          AB            165           9500        3M1           State Forest,        Land use agreements along shoreline, limited
                                                                                                                                           Private            timber harvest on state land recommended.


                        11. Portage Bay                          Delta             A             151           1160        3M1           State Forest,        State acquisitions of remaining private tracts within
                                                                                                                                           Private            complex strongly recommended.

                        12. Big Bay de Noc                       Delta             AB            111           7900        3M1        National Forest,        Additional public acquisitions or land use
                                                                                                                                    State Forest, Private     agreements along the shoreline should be
                                                                                                                                                              considered.


                      RANK = Natural Quality Rank (See Appendix VI)
                      RLE = Subdistrict of Regional Landscape Ecosystems of Michigan (Albert, et al. 1986)










                                                                               cal, Ownership, and Comments on Conservation for each compl- -pled d                              1992.
                      TABLE 4: Summary of Location, Acreage, Biologi,                                                                                                     uring

                                  SITE NAME                    COUNTY            RANK                         ACRES         RLE          OWNERSHIP                          PROTECTION/MANAGEMENT
                                                                                              SPECIES                               I                                                COMMENTS
                         13. Ogontz Bay                           Delta            A              150           2100        3MI         National Forest,        No apparent conflicts with current land
                                                                                                                                              Private           management.

                         14. Au Train Bay                        Alger             BC             102           2800        3N2         National Forest,        Careful land use planning related to Town of Au
                                                                                                                                              Private           Train, additional public acquisitions should be
                                                                                                                                                                considered.

                         15. Little Presque Isle Point         Marquette           B              75            600         4P1       State Forest, Private     Additional public acquisitions should be
                                                                                                                                                                considered; timber/recreational management on
                                                                                                                                                                public land should be maintained at low
                                                                                                                                                                intensities.

                         16. Iron River                        Marquette           A              86            880         4PI               Private           Recent zoning changes for residential development
                                                                                                                                                                along the shoreline should be reviewed.

                         17. Salmon Trout Bay                  Marquette           A              157           720         4P1               Private           No apparent conflicts with current land
                                                                                                                                                                management.
            ,.A          18. Pine River                        Marquette           BC             29            520         4P1               Private           No apparent conflicts with current land
            C                                                                                                                                                   management.

                         19. Little Traverse Bay               Houghton            AB             65            575         4T1               Private           Public acquisition of large private tracts should be
                                                                                                                                                                considered.

                         20. Grand Traverse Bay                Houghton/           AB             96            3500        4T1               Private           Public acquisitions along the shoreline
                                                               Keweenaw                                                                                         recommended.

                         21. Oliver Bay                        Keweenaw            AB             80            950         4T1               Private           Public acquisitions along the shoreline
                                                                             I            I                             I                                       recommended.

                         22. Flint Steel River                 Ontonagon           AB             107           500         4S2               Private           Public acquisitions along the shoreline
                                                                                                           I            I           I                         I recommended.

                      RANK = Natural Quality Rank (See Appendix VI)
                      RLE = Subdistrict of Regional Landscape Ecosystems of Michigan (AlbeM et al. 1986)











                    TABLE 5: Special Plants, Special Ambnals, and High Quality Natural Communities Associated with Wooded Dune and
                              Swale Complexes Sampled Ink 1992.

                               SITE NAME                       3PECL4LL PLANTS                    SPECIAL ANIMALS                         NATURAL
                                                                                                                                      COMMUNITIES


                           Pointe Aux Barques                                                  Haliaeetus leucocephalus

                             Port Crescent                     cirsium pitcberi

                           Sleeper State Park                  Cirsfum pitcberi                                                       Oak-Pine Barrens

                                 Au Gres                       Cirsium pitcberi

                                Platte Bay                     Cirsium pitcberi                Haliaeetus feucompbalus
                                                               CyfiVaium arietinum
                                                               Orobancbefasciculata
                                                               Ptemspora andromedea

                              Crystal River                                                         Acris crepilans
                                                                                                      blanebardii

                           Pointe Aux Chenes                   Calypso bulbosa                                                       Great Lakes Marsh
                                                               Cirsium pitcberi                                                      Patterned Peatland
                                                               Lycopaium appressum
                                                               Sofidago hougbtanii
                                                               5tellaria longipes

                          Gulliver Lake Dunes                  Cirsium pitcberi                  Cbaradrius tnelodus
                                                               Ptovspora andromedea
                                                               Sofidago houghtonff
                                                               Stellaria longipes
                                                               Yanacetum buronense


                                Thompson                       Calypso butbosa
                                                               Carex albolutescms
                                                               Cirsium pitcberi
                                                                 iris lacustris
                                                               Sofidago bougbtonff
                                                               Stellaria longipes
                                                               Tanacetum buronense


                               Portage Bay                       Iris lacustris

                             Big Bay de Noc                    iwopodium selago                Halfaeetus teucocepbalus

                               Ogontz Bay                      Ranunculus laponkus             Hafiaeetus leucocepbalus
                                                                                                  Pandion balfaetus


                              Au Train Bay                                                        Cbaradrius  nw1adus                Great Lakes Marsh

                         little Presque Isle Point             Pterospora andromedea

                                Iron River                                                     Haftaeetus kzwocepbalus

                            Salmon Trout Bay                                                   Hafideetus letwocepbalus

                                Pine River                     Armoracia aquatica              Hahaeetus leucocepbalus
                                                                Elymus mollis                      Martes americana
                                                                  Safixpellita

                           Grand Traverse Bay                  Crafaegus douglasif

                                Oliver Bay                     Epilobium palustre

                             Flint Steel River                                                 Haliaeetus leucocepbalus



                                                                                       51








             in the swales ranged from 3 cm to 52 cm. Significant fluctuations (up to 42 cm) in swale

             water depths were recorded between May and August visits. Soil PH, for both sandy

             substrate and organic soils ranged between 5.64 and 6.03.

                   A mature, closed canopy of Red oak (Quercus rubra), Red maple (Acer rubrum),

             Paper birch (Betula papytifera), and Big tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata)

             dominated the ridges. Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and American beech (Fagus

             grandifolia) were also common on the beach ridges. Prior to European settlement, the

             beach ridges of this complex contained more hemlock and White pine (Pinus strobus)

             than exist today. Black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

             dominated many of the swales. Red maple, Paper birch, Northern white cedar (ThuJa

             occidentafts), Red asl@ (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), Buttonbush (Cepbalantbus

             occidentalis), Blue flag (Iris virginica), and Reed canary grass (Pbalaris arundinacea)

             were also common in the @,;;wales. Many other swales, being shaded entirely by adjacent

             mature upland forest contained few herbaceous species. A total of 154 species of vascular

             plants and mosses were noted along the transect. A federally threatened Bald eagle

             (Haliaeetus _Ieucocepbalus) nest was discovered along the shoreline during this survey.

                    A similar, albeit smaller, complex occurs just east of this area in section 22.

             Sandstone cliffs are located. just northeast of this complex along the shoreline. This area

             is managed as a natural area by Pointe Aux Barques Inc.



                    2. Port Crescent (Huron Co.) Located 5 miles west of Port Austin, the complex

             at Port Crescent contains the eastern half of a twelve mile-long series of complexes which



                                                         52








            extend over to Caseville. The Pinnebog River forms much of the southern boundary of

            the 2200 acre complex, then cuts through to Lake Huron at the eastern end of the

            complex at Port Crescent State Park. M-25 cuts across this complex from east to west,

            as do several other unpaired roads. Many homes have been built throughout the

            shoreline area. The transect was taken in section 7, within the Wilderness Arboretum,

            owned by Huron County.

                   teach ridges within this complex were generally low (0-5-1.0 m), with swales

            ranging from 7 to 40 m in width. Although elevations were not taken along this transect,

            it appears that the adjacent Pinnebog River is the source of water for the swales of this

            complex. organic matter depth in the swales varied considerably (10-90 cm) generally

            increasing with distance from the take shore. PH of organic matter and sandy substrate

            within the swales ranged from 5.94 to 6.28. Water depth in the swales, measured only

            in August, ranged from 2 tic) 38 cm.

                   Prior to European settlement, this complex contained more White pine (Pinus

            strobus) and Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) than remain today. Beach ridges area

            now dominated by Red oak (Quercus rubra), Paper birch (Betula pqpj@Hfera), Red maple

            (Acer rubrum), and Black cherry (Prunus serotina). The swales are dominated by Red

            maple, Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), Cottonwood (Populus deltoides), Red-osier dogwood

            (Cornus stolonifera), Bunonbush (Cepbalantbus occidentalis), Michigan holly (Ilex

            verticillata), Blue joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), and Fowl manna grass

            (Glyceria striatia). Federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium piticben) is found

            within this complex along the Pinnebog River near the Lake Huron shoreline. A total of



                                                       53








            126 species of vascular plants and mosses were noted along the transect.

                   Intensive shoreline development and road construction have significantly altered

            the character of much of this complex. Long term protection efforts should include

            acquisition of private tracts between the Huron County park and the Port Crescent State

            Park. Opportunities may still exist to establish a permanent fink between these two

            natural areas and maintain the overall natural integrity of this upland/wetland complex.



                   3. Albert E. Sleeper State Park (Huron Co.) This 2100 acre complex is located

            just west of the complex at Port Crescent, and is partially included within the Sleeper

            State Park. It is bounded to the southeast by glacial Lake Nipissing beach ridge and Rush

            Lake, and to the southwest by agricultural development. It is bisected by State Park Road

            and M-25 in several places. The transect was placed just west of the state park

            campground.

                   The beach ridges of this complex are'low (0.5-1 m), with swales ranging from 3

            to 48 m in width. Organic matter depth in the swales ranges from 5 to 117 cm deep,

            generally increasing with distance from the shore. PH of organic and and subsoils from

            the swales ranged from 5.19 to 5.94. Water depths in the swales varied from 2 to 55 cm

            deep when measured in Alagust.

                   Prior to European settlement, more White pine (Pinus strobus) was probably

            present in this complex than appears today. There were also Oak-pine Barrens on a

            number of higher beach ridges along the shoreline, and along the glacial Lake Nipissing

            beach ridge. Today, Red oak (Quercus rubra), Black oak (Quercus velutina), and Big
0


                                                       54








             tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), dominate the beach ridges. Red pine (Pinus

             resinosa), Red maple (Acer rubrum) and Paper birch (Betula papj?rifera) also dominate

             the ridges. Swales are dominated by Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), Red maple, and Big

             tooth aspen. Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), Red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera),

             Lake sedge (Carex lacusttls), Blue joint grass (Calanzagrostis canadensis), Pond sedge

             (Dulichium arundinacimm), and Marsh fem (Thelyptrispalusttis). A total of 129 species

             of vascular plants and mosses were noted Along the transect. Federally threatened

             Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitchen) occurs along the shoreline of this complex.

                    Observations along State Park Road indicated that, although culverts were not

             placed under the road at every swale, the impact of the road on the vegetation of the

             swales did not appear to extend a great distance from the road (10-15 m). This suggests

             that ground water flow under and through the beach ridges may play a more significant

             influence on vegetation than lateral, surface flow in each swale of this complex.

                    As already noted, significant portions of this complex are included within the state

             park. State acquisition of additional tracts to the west in sections 19, 24 and 25 is

             recommended to stem further degradation of this complex.



                    4. Au Gres (Arenac. Co.) This 2800 acre complex is located in eastern Arenac

             County, three miles east of the town of Au Gres. It is bisected by US-23 and Delano

             Road. Much of the Lake Huron shoreline of this complex is intensively developed for

             residential housing. A goff course is now located at the northeast end of the complex.

             Cleared agricultural land forms the north and west boundaries I of the complex, above the



                                                         55








            glacial Lake Nipissing beacli ridge. This complex is contained entirely on private land.

            The transect was taken north of US-23 in section 10.

                   This complex is characterized by low beach ridges (0.5-1 m) and numerous wet

            swales. Swales average 16 im in width, varying from 3 to 119 rh. Organic matter depths

            in the swales ranged from 10 to 80 cm. August water depths in the swales varied from

            2 to 10 cm, with many satuirated at the surface. Soil and organic matter pH in the swales

            ranged from 4.58 to 5.60.

                   Prior to European settlement, this complex was dominated by Red pine (Pinus

            resinosa), White pine (Pinus strobus), Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentafts), and

            Yellow birch (Betula allegbeniensis). Red maple (Acer rubrum), Paper birch (Betula

            pqpj@Hfera), and Red oak Quercus rubra), Black cherry (Prunus serotina), and Red ash

            (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) dominate the ridges today. Swales are dominated by cedar,

            Paper birch, Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), Big tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), and

            American elm (Ulmus americana). Other common species in the swales area Sensitive

            fern (Onoclea sensibilis), "Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), Lake sedge (Carex lacusols),

            willow (Safix eriocepbala), False nettle (Boebmeria cylindtica), Fowl manna grass

            (Glyceria striata), and Lady fern (Athytium ftfix-femina). A total of 100 species of

            vascular plants and mosses were noted along the transect. Federally threatened Pitcher's

            thistle (Cirsium pitcben) is found along the shoreline at Lookout Point, at the eastern

            edge of this complex.

                   Shoreline development, highways, and agricultural drainage have all degraded this

            complex. However, the central core of the complex remains relatively intact. Easements,



                                                        56









            land use agreements, or public acquisition should be considered for long term protection

            of this complex.




            IAIKE MICHIGAN


                   5. Platte Bay (Benzie Co.) This 2600 acre complex lies entirely within the Sleeping

            Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. It is bounded on the east and south by high parabolic

            dunes and M-22. Peterson Road, Lasso Road, and a park campground represent the only

            disturbances in this complex. The transect was taken from the shoreline in section 23.

                   Elevations were not taken along this transect, but the wind-sorted beach ridges and

            swales clearly lie above the Lake Michigan water levels. The beach ridges are generally

            quite high, ranging from 2 to 15 m high. Swale widths vary considerably, from 3 to 45

            rn wide; averaging 19 rn in width. Organic matter depth in the swales ranged from 2 to

            73 cm; averaging 24 cm in depth. Most swales were either dry or saturated at the surface

            during August. In wet swalles, water depths ranging from 2 to 5 cm. PH of organic and

            sub-soils from the swales ranged between 6.13 and 6.54.

                   Prior to European settlement, this complex was dominated by more Red pine and

            White pine than occurs today. Wedand communities currently found in this complex

            probably reflect the presettlement condition. Today, Jack pine (Pinus banksiana), Red

            pine (Pinus resinosa), White pine (Pinus strobus), White oak (Quercus alba), Red oak

            Quercus rubra), and Big tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata) dominate the beach

            ridges. The swales tend to be open marshes with Northern manna grass (Glyceria

            borealis), Blue joint grass (Calanzagrostis canadensis), sedge (Carex pseudo-cyperus),



                                                        57








            Water knotweed (Polygonum ampbibium), Marsh fern (Thelyptrispalusttis), and Water

            parsnip (Sium suave). A total of 114 species. of vascular plants and mosses were

            encountered along the transect.

                   One federally threatened Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocepbalus) nest is located

            within this complex. Federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcbetl) is also

            found along the shoreline, of this complex. State threatened Fascicled broom-rape

            (Orobancbefasciculata), Pine-drops (Pterospora andromedea), and state special co      ncern

            Rams head lady's-slipper (CypHpedium atletinum) are all found within this complex.

                   This complex has been proposed for designation as a National Natural Landmark,

            along with the adjacent complex to the southwest. More recently National Park Service

            proposals called for the development of a marina in the swales of this complex. This

            latter proposal would undoubtedly result in significant degradation to this portion of the

            National Lakeshore, and should be strongly discouraged.



                   6. Crystal River (Leetanau Co.) Located at Glen Arbor, this 580 acre complex ties

            between Glen Lake and Lake Michigan, with the Crystal River flowing through, and

            between the beach ridges. County road 875 cuts across the complex, and several other

            roads pass along several beach ridges. Intensive residential and commercial development

            occurs at Glen Arbor, along the north shore of Glen Lake, and on the Lake Michigan

            shoreline. Portions of the complex are part of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National

            Lakeshore. A transect was taken on National Lakeshore property in section 23.

                   The beach ridges of this complex are generally low, ranging from 0.5 to 1 m high.



                                                        58









            Swales in this complex are somewhat wide, ranging from 9 to 59 m wide; averaging 39

            m. Organic matter depth in the swales is quite variable, from 8 to 150 cm. The pH of

            the organic matter and sub-soils from the swales ranged from 5.91 to 6.31. Most swales

            in August were saturated, with standing water (5 cm deep) in just one Swale.

                   Prior to European settlement, this complex probably contained more White pine

            (Pinus strobus) and Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) than it does today. Today,

            hemlock and White pine are still abundant on the low ridges and in the swales, but

            Northern white cedar (Thu                                            us ameticana are
                                       .,fa occidentafts) and American ash (Fraxin

            dominant, along with Tamarack (Larix laticina), Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and Red

            maple (Acer rubrum). Alder buckthorn (Rbamnus alnifolia), Swamp rose (Rosa

            palusttis), Northern bugle weed (Lycopus uniflorus), sedge (Carex leptalea), and Small

            bishop's cap (Mitella nuda) are all abundant in the swales. A total of 87 species of

            vascular plants and mosses were noted along the transect. State special concern

            Blanchard's cricket frog (Actis crepitans blancbardt) has been found in and around the

            Crystal River within this complex.

                   Road construction and residential development have caused significant degradation

            to this complex. However, remaining undeveloped portions retain a high natural quality.

            Recent proposals to develop a golf course within this complex would clearly cause

            significant degradation to the complex as a whole. Other more suitable locations for the

            golf course can and should be found.



                   7. Bower's Harbor (Grand Traverse Co.)         This 175 acre complex is located



                                                       59








            9 miles north of Traverse City along the west side of the Mission Peninsula. The complex

            is bounded in the east and south by cleared agricultural land and Peninsula Drive. Neah-

            Ta-Wanta Road, and a number of homes are along the shoreline. This complex is

            contained entirely on private land. No transect was taken within this complex, but

            previous visits by MNFI staff were used for characterization purposes.

                   The beach ridges of this complex are generally low (0-5-1 m high) with narrow

            swales most common. Organic matter within the swales varies in depth, reaching a

            maximum of 40 cm. PH ofthe organic matter from the swales was 6.70.

                   Red pine (Pinus resinosa), Eastern hemlock (Ysuga canadensis), and White pine

            (Pinus strobus) are dominant on the ridges, similar to the presettlement condition.

            Northern white cedar (ThuJa occidentalis), Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), and Paper birch

            (Betulapapyrifera) are dominant in the forested swales. Northern manna grass (Glyceria

            borealis), sedge (Carex stricta), Buttonbush (Cepbalantbus occidentafts), sedge (Carex

            aquatilis), and Water knotweed (Polygonum ampbibium) are found in the swales. A

            total of 50 species of vascular plants was noted within this complex.

                   Given the small size of this complex, additional adjacent parcels would need to be

            acquired in order to secure the long-term viability of the complex as a natural area.



                   8. Pointe Aux Chenes (Mackinac Co.) Located at Pointe Aux Chenes Bay, this

            area comprises 4600 acres when combined with the extensive adjacent complex north of

            the Pointe Aux Chenes marshes. It is bounded in the east by a series of high parabolic

            dunes, and in the north by, Round Lake and Brevoort Lake. The Brevoort River passes



                                                       60








            through the complex, draining Brevoort Lake into Lake Michigan. US-2 runs along the

            shoreline of this area, and Brevoort Lake Road passes through the complex in several

            places. Several power line corridors and natural gas pipelines also pass through this

            complex. Nearly all of the complex is located within the Hiawatha National Forest. The

            transect was taken from US-2 in section 9 (T41N R5W).

                   This complex is located behind several very high dunes running parallel to the

            shoreline. Behind this point, the beach ridges were moderate in height (1-3 in high).

            Swales varied from 3 to 43, in in width; averaging 22 in wide. Organic matter in the

            swales was deep, averaging; 61 cm. PH of the organic matter and sub-soils within the

            swales ranged from 4.81 to 5.31. In August, most swales were either saturated, o          r

            contained standing water, which varied in depth from 5 to 30 cm.

                   Presettlement vegetation of this complex was a combination of White pine (Pinus

            strobus), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), and northern hardwoods on the ridges,

            with Emergent marsh, Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentafts), Tamarack (Larix

            laricina), and Black spruce (Picea mariana) in the swales. Today, these species remain

            abundant, with Paper birch (Betuld papyrifera), Big tooth aspen (Populus

            grandidentata), and Red ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) in addition. Also abundant in

            the swales are Speckled aldler (Alnus rugosa), Small bur reed (Sparganium minimum),

            Leatherleaf (Cbamaedapbne calyculata), Michigan holly (fiew verticillata), -sedges (Carex

            Zasiocarpa), (Carex trisperma), and Blue flag (his venicolor). Federally threatened

            Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcberi) is found throughout the open dunes along this

            shoreline.    Within the complex, federally threatened Bald eagles (Halideetus



                                                        61








             leucocepbalus), and state threatened Osprey (Pandoin baliaetus) nest. Also,            state

0            threatened Calypso (Ca@@pso bulbosa), and Appressed clubmoss (Lycopodium

             appressum), along with state special concern Stichwort (StelZaria longipes) are known

             to occur within the complex. Several high quality natural communities, including Great

             Lakes marsh and Dry-Mesic Northern Forest are associated with this complex. A total of

             170 vascular plants and mosses were noted along this transect.

                   Much of the eastern end of this complex is within a designated Research Natural

             Area, as administered by the Hiawatha National Forest. Expansion of the RNA boundaries

             could be considered to provide for the long-term viability of this entire complex.



                   9. GuUlver Lake Ditnes (Schoolcraft Co.) This 2300 acre complex is located just

             south of Gulliver Lake, six miles east of Manistique. It is bounded to the north by the

             lake, US-2, and County Road P432. Homesite development has taken place along much

             of the shoreline in the western half of the complex. The eastern end.of the complex is

             included within the Lake Superior State Forest. The transect was taken on private land,

             just west of the State Forest land, in section 12.

                   Because this stretch of shoreline faces a southwesterly direction, strong prevailing

             winds have re-sorted the sands of the beach ridges, forming somewhat high (3-4 m),

             irregular dune ridges. Parabolic dunes are common in the northeastern end of this

             complex. Swales in this complex vary considerably in width, from 3 to 76 m; averaging

             15 m. Organic matter depths in the swales varied considerably from one Swale to

             another (3 to 98 cm); averaging 32 cm. PH of the Swale organic matter and sub-soils



                                                         62








            .5.45 to 5.69. During August, most swales were dry or saturated at the surface. Several

             swales (at approximately 440 m from the shoreline) had up to 48 cm of standing water.

                   Prior to European settlement, this complex contained White pine (Pinus strobus),

             Paper birch (Betula papyrifiera), and Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) on the high

             beach ridges, with Northern white cedar (ThuJa occidenialis), Black spruce (Picea

             mariana), and Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) dominant in the swales. Today, Red pine

             (Pinus resinosa), White pine, Red oak (Quercus rubra), Paper birch, and Red maple (Acer

             rubt-um) are dominant on the ridges. Cedar is the dominant tree species in the swales.

             Many of the swales of this complex contain Emergent Marshes and Intermittent Wetlands.

             Other common species in the swales include Aquatic bulrush (Scitpus subterminalis),

             Blue joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), Common marsh spikerush (Eleocbaris

             smalliz), Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), Small bur reed (Sparganium minimum), Thin
             grass (Airostisperennans), and Swamp thistle (Cirsium muticum). A total of 138 species

             of vascular plants and mosses were noted along the transect.

                   Federally endangered Piping plovers (Cbaradtius melodus) are known to nest

             along this stretch of shoreline. Federally threatened Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcberi),

             and Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago bougbtonii), state threatened Lake Huron tansy

             (Tanaceturn buronense) and Pine-drops (Pterospora andromedea), and state special

             concern Stichwort (Stellatia longipes) are all found along the shoreline of this complex.

                   As already noted, much shoreline development has taken place in this rather large

             complex. Observations In the field during sampling indicated that much more

             development in the eastern half of the complex could be taking place in the near future.



                                                         63








            Given the high quality nature of this complex, it should be considered of high priority for

            the state to acquire much inore of the eastern half of the complex.



                   10. Thompson (Schoolcraft Co.) This 9500 acre complex, clearly one of the

            largest in the state, is located just west of Manistique. It is bounded on the northwest

            by Indian Lake. The Indian River passes through the northeast end of the complex, and

            it is drained at the south end by Thompson Creek. US-2 passes along the shoreline, and

            railroad tracks and County Road P442 also bisect this complex. Urban development from

            the west side of Manistique extends into this complex. Approximately one third of the

            complex is contained within the Superior State Forest, where a State Fish Hatchery is

            located. The transect was itaken from the shoreline south of Stony Point.

                   High beach ridges in this complex are limited to the shoreline area. Further

            inland, the beach ridges are generally 0.5 to 2 m high. Swales vary in width from 13 to

            100 m; averaging 34 m. Organic matter depth in the swales varies from 2 to over 175

            cm; averaging 25 cm. PH of the swale organic matter and sub-soils ranged between 4.17

            and 5.05. In August, most swales were saturated at the surface. Maximum depths of

            standing water in the swales was 10 cm.

                   Presettlement vegetation of this complex was predominantly spruce, (Picea spp.),

            Balsam fir (Abies balsamea'), and Northern white cedar (ThuJa occidentafts), White pine

            (Pinus strobus), and Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Today, cedar, hemlock, White

            pine, Red pine (Pinus resinosa), Big tooth aspen (Populusgrandidentata), Black spruce

            (Picea mariana), and Red irnaple (Acer rubrum) dominate the low beach ridges. Cedar,



                                                        64








            Paper birch (Betula pagwifera), Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), and Balsam fir (Abies

            balsamea) dominate the swales. Also common in the swales are Sweet bay (MyHca gale),

            Michigan holly (Wex verticillata), Downy yellow violet (Viola rostrata), Leatherleaf

            (Cbamaedapbne calyculala), False mayflower (Smilacina ttlfolia), and numerous

            Sphagnum mosses (Spbagnum spp.). A total of 165 species of vascular plants and mosses

            were encountered along the transect.

                   Federally threatened Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago bougbtonit), Pitcher's thistle

            (Cirsium pitcberi), Dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustHs), and state threatened Lake Huron tansy

            (Tanacetum buronense), and state special concern Stichwort (Stellaria longipes) occur

            along this shoreline. State threatened Calypso (Calypso bulbosa) and state special

            concern Greenish-white sedge (Carex albolutescens) are also found within this complex.

                   Development along the shoreline appears to be accelerating to the west of

            Manistique. Several clearcuts were also encountered on both ridges and swales within

            the state forest lands. Care should be taken to avoid large clearcuts within this complex.

            consideration should also be given to state acquisition of additional tracts along US-2.



                   11. Portage Bay (Delta Co.) This 1160 acre complex is located 3 miles southeast

            of Garden along the east side of the Garden Peninsula. It is bounded on the north by

            Goldmine Road, and to the west by agricultural land. No development has taken place

            along this shoreline, as much of it being contained in the Lake Superior State Forest. The

            transect was taken from the shoreline in section 22.


                   Elevations measured along this transect indicated a rapid rise to nearly 4 m above



                                                        65








            Lake Michigan water levels within 23 m of the shoreline. By 138 m from shore,

            elevations had gradually declined t6 their lowest level of 49 cm above the lake levels.

            Elevations steadily increased from this point to just over 5 m at a distance of 448 m from

            the shoreline. Ridges were 0.5-1.0 in in height. Swales varied in width from 5 to 36 m;

            averaging 10 m. Organic matter depths in the swales varied from 10 to 41 cin in depth;

            averaging 22 cm. PH of swate organic    .matter and sub-soil varied from 5.92 to 6.36. In

            August, most swales were saturated at the surface. Those with standing water measured

            from 15 to 25 cm in depth.

                   Prior to European settlement, this complex was dominated by White pine (Pinus

            strobus), Northern white czedar (7buja occidentafts) and Tamarack (Larix laticina).

            Today, Balsam fir (Abies balsamea), White pine, Red pine (Pinus resinosa), and Paper

            birch (Betuld papyrifera) are dominant on the beach ridges. Northern white cedar,

            Balsam fir, Paper birch, White spruce (Picea glauca), and Black spruce (Picea mariana)

            dominate the swales. Also common in the swales are False mayflower (Smilacina

            trifolia), Alder buckthorn (Rbamnus alnifolia), Goldthread (Coptis tHfoliata), Speckled

            alder (Alnus rugosa), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), and sedge (Careax eburnea).

            ï¿½ total of 151 species of vascular plants and mosses were encountered along the transect.

            ï¿½ very large population of federaUy threatened Dwarf lake iris (Itis lacustHs) occurs

            throughout the shoreline portion of this complex.

                   Recent road construction was observed on private land at the northeast end of this

            complex. Several recent clearcuts were also noted on State Forest land. Because of the

            high quality and sensitive nature of this complex, timber harvesting should be excluded



                                                        66








            from state-owned portion. Additional state acquisitions along this extremely sensitive and

            high quality shoreline should be seriously considered.



                   12. Big Bay de Noc (Delta Co.) This 7900 acre complex is located approximately

            12 miles west of Manistique at the northeast end of the bay. Both Fishdam River and the

            Little Fishdam River drain this large complex. US-2 passes through the complex, then,

            along the shoreline. The Soo Line railroad tracks also cut across this area. Several homes

            are located close to the shOreline. Most of the land included within this area lies on


            either the Hiawatha National Forest or the Lake Superior State Forest. The transect was

            located in section 34.


                   Beach ridges within this complex are generally low to moderate in height (1-2 m).

            Swales vary considerably, buit this complex includes the widest swales encountered during

            this study, ranging from 5 to 145 m wide. organic matter in the swales varied from 5 to

            75 cm in depth. PH of the swale organic matter and sub-soils varied from 5.51 to 5.73.

            During August, water in the swales varied from saturated conditions to 7 cm of standing


            water.


                   Prior to European settlement, White pine (Pinus strobus), Red pine (Pinus

            -resinosa), and Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) dominated the beach ridges.

            Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and Tamarack (Larix laticina) dominated the

            swales. Today, White pine,'Red pine, and White spruce (Piceaglauca) are dominate many

            of the ridges. The large swales contain shrub swamps and scattered Tamarack. Also

            common in the swales are Leatherleaf (Chantaedaphne calyculata), Bog birch (Betuld



                                                       67








            pumila), Speckled alder Vk1nus rugosa), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum), Small

            cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos), Black chokeberry (Aronia prunifolia), and sedge

            (Care-v stricta). A total of 111 species of vascular plants and mosses were encountered

            along this transect.

                   Federally threatened Bald eagle (HaUdeetus leucocepbalus) nests are located at. the

            southwest and southeast oaremes of the complex. A high quality Great Lakes marsh is

            located at the southwest end of the complex, at the mouth of the Fishdam River. State

            special concern Fir clubmoss (Lycopodium selago) is also found within this complex. As

            noted above, most of this complex is contained within public lands. Additional

            acquisitions along the shoreline could be considered to ensure the long-term viability of

            this complex.




                   13. Ogontz Bay (Delta Co.) This 2100 acre complex is located eight miles east

            of Rifle River. It is drained by the Ogontz River, which enters Lake Michigan at the west

            end of the bay. The area Is bounded in the north by US-2 and the Soo Line railroad

            tracks, and to the east by County Road 499. Nearly all of the complex falls within the

            lands managed by the Hiawatha National Forest. The transect was taken from the


            shoreline in section 10.


                  The beach ridges of this complex are generally low (0.5-1.0 m). Measured

            elevations indicated that none of the swales were below Lake Michigan water levels,

            although several were feweir than 6 cm above lake level. Elevations gradually increased

            to 3.28 m at a distance of 000 m from the shoreline. Most of this complex, including



                                                       68








            swales and ridges, is classified as wetland. organic matter varied from 8 to 107 cm in

            depth; averaging 36 cm. PH of swale organic matter and sub-soil varied between 5.58

            and 5.92. Both in June, and again in August, most swales were saturated, with 45 cm of

            standing water in only one swale, 31 m from the shoreline.

                   The presettlement vegetation of this complex appears to have been quite similar

            to what is found today, wilth Northern white cedar (7buja occidentalis), White spruce

            (Picea glauca), Black spruce (Picea nzariana), Paper birch (Betula papytifera), and

            Tamarack (Larix laricina) dominant. Also common are Goldthread (Coptis ttifoliata),

            Balsam fir (Abies balsamea), Three-seeded sedge (Carex trisperma), Creeping snowberry

            (Gaultberia bispidula), Small bishop's cap (Mitella nuda), Bunchberry (Comus

            canadensis), and Ground pine (Lycopodium annotinum). A total of 150 species vascular

            plants and mosses were encountered along the transect.

                   Federally threatened Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocepbalus) and state threatened

            Osprey (Pandion baliaetu;) nest at the west end of this complex. State threatened

            Lapland buttercup (Ranunculus laponicus) is also found within this complex.

                   As already noted, most of this complex is located within National Forest lands.

            Current management doesnot appear to be in conflict with the long-term viability of this

            complex.




            LAKE SUPERIOR


                   14. An Train Bay (Alger Co.) This 2800 acre complex is located 9 miles west of

            Munising. The Au Train River snakes through this complex from the southeast extreme,



                                                       69









            entering Lake Superior at the along the northeast end. The town of Au Train is built on

            top of this complex about 1/4 mile inland from the shoreline. M-28 and the Soo line

            railroad pass across the complex from east to west, cutting across a number of wet

            swales. A Number of tracts, along the south and west sides of the complex are included

            within the Hiawatha National Forest. The transect was located on public land in section

            32, between M-28 and the railroad tracks.

                   The beach ridges of this complex are generally low to moderate in height (0.5-1.5

            m). Swales vary in width from 2 to 32 m. Organic matter depth in the swales varied

            from 3 to 235 cm; averaging 68 cm. PH of swale organic matter and sub-soils ranged

            from 4.25 to 5.20. August water levels in the swales varied from saturated at the surface

            to 30 cm deep; averaging 5 cm.

                   Prior to European settlement, White pine (Pinus strobus), Red pine (Pinus

            resinosa), and Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) dominated the ridges, with Northern white

            cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and spruce (Picea spp.) in the swales. The large Great Lakes

            marsh noted by surveyors along the banks of the Au Train River remains today. The

            dominant tree species noted by the original land surveys are also present today. Red

            pine, Jack pine, White pine, Red oak Quercus rubra), and White spruce (Picea glauca)

            dominate the beach ridges today. Black spruce (Picea mariana) and a number of shrubs

            dominate many of the Bog-like swales. Other species common in the swales are

            Leatherleaf (Cbantaedapbne calyculata), Sweet gate (Myrica gale), Bog laurel (Kalmia

            polifolia), Labrador tea i(Ledum groenlandicum), Mountain holly (Nemopantbus

            mucronata), Large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocatpon), Running bog sedge (Carem,



                                                       70








            oligospernia), Slender woolly sedge (Carew lasiocarpa), and Flat-leaved bladderwort

            (Utticularia intertnedia). A total of 102 species of vascular plants and mosses were

            encountered along the transect.

                   Federally endangered Piping plovers (Charadriu,s melodus) have been known to

            nest along shoreline of this complex. As noted earlier, a high quality Great Lakes marsh

            is located along the Au Train River within this complex. Many of the wet swales of this

            complex are directly connected to the river.

                   current management of public and private lands, apart from the growth of the

            community of Au Train, does not appear to be in conflict with the long-term viability of

            this complex. However, additional public acquisitions should be considered, and careful

            land use planning is clearly called for within and around the town of Au Train.



                   15. ]Uttle Presque Isle Point (Marquette Co.) Ibis 600 acre complex is located

            five miles northwest of Main4uette, immediately west of Little Presque Isle. It is bounded

            along the south and east by Harlow Creek. County Road 550 passes through the complex

            along a beach ridge about 1/4 mile inland from the shoreline. Ownership of the complex

            is split between the state of Michigan (Escanaba River State Forest), and Clark properties.

            The transect was taken from the shoreline to the county road on the private tract in

            section 13.


                   Elevations taken along this transect, indicated a rapid rise above Lake Superior

            water levels.   A maximum elevation along the trangect of 5.25 m was reached at a

            distance of 201 m from the shoreline. The only moist swales along this transect, at



                                                        71









            distances over 200 m fromshore, were between 2.50 and 3.00 m above take levels. Swale

            widths ranged from 3 to 151 M. Organic matter depth in the moist swales varied from 18

            to 85 cm; averaging 39 cm deep. PH of swate organic matter and sub-soils ranged from

            3.92 to 4.43. None of   the swales held standing water, either in June or in August. Swales

            with organic matter accumulation and wetland vegetation had saturated soils at a average

            depth of 45 cm below the surface.

                    Prior to European settlement, this complex was dominated by Red pine (Pinus

            resinosa), White pine (Pinus strobus), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Northern

            white cedar (Tbuja occidentalis), and Red maple (Acer rubt-um). Today, significantly less

            hemlock, and much more Paper birch (Betulapapjilfera), Red oak (Quercus twbra) are

            found within the complex. Red pine, White pine, and Balsam fir (4bies balsamea)

            remain as common species within the complex. Most swales within this complex are dry,

            containing upland vegetation. The few that contain wetlands are characterized as shrub

            swamps dominated by Speckled alder (Alnus rugosa), Leatherleaf (Cbamaedqpbne

            calyculata), Michigan holli@ (Ilex verticillata), Meadow sedge (Carex stricta), swollen

            sedge (Carex intumescens), sedge (Carex vesicaria), and Blue joint grass (Calamagrostis

            canadensis). A total of 75species were noted along the transect. State special concern

            Pine-drops (Pterospora a?ulromedea) was found within this complex.

                    Current management of the private portion of this complex does not appear to be

            in conflict with it's long-term viability. On state forest lands, timber management and

            recreational activities, if maintained at low intensity levels, would also be compatible with

            the natural values of this complex.



                                                          72








                    16. Iron River (Marquette Co.) This 880 acre complex is located three miles east

             of Big Bay. It is bounded in the southwest by Independence Lake. The Iron River winds

             through the complex, entering Lake Superior at it's northeast end. The complex is

             almost entirely owned by one private landowner. The transcct was taken from the

             shoreline to the river in sections 18 and 13.


                    The elevations measured along the transect indicated that the sandy bottom of the

             first large swale ties just over 2 m below current Lake Superior water levels. This is partly

             due to the fact that this s-wale is an abandoned the river bottom of the Iron River.


             Beyond this first swale, elevations steadily increase through a series of ridges and dry

             swales to an elevation of 61.67 m above Lake Superior at a distance of 648 m from the

             shoreline. The Iron River was reached along the transect 840 m from the shoreline at an

             elevation of 2.07 m above Lake Superior. Swale widths varied from 3 to 43 m. Organic

             matter depth in the first large swale was 205 cm. Only one other swale could be

             considered a wetland, with organic matter accumulated to 5 cm. PH of swale organic

             matter and sub-soils varied from 4.33 to 4.97. The two wet swales were saturated at the

             surface both in June and August.

                    Prior to European settlement, this complex was dominated by Red pine (Pinus

             resinosa) and White pine (Pinus strobus), with an extensive Great Lakes marsh along the

             Iron River. Today, Jack pilne (Pinus banksiana) is much more prevalent than in the

             presettlement condition, although Red pine and White pine remain present. Red oak

             (Quercus rubra) and Big tooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), and Paper birch (Betula

             papjilfera) are also common in the overstory. The large, wet swale is predominantly a



                                                          73








             shrub swamp, with portions very Bog-like in character, dominated by Speckled alder

             (41hus rugosa), Sweet gale (Myrica gale), Leatherleaf (Cbanzaedapbne calyculata),

             Michigan holly (Ilex verticillata), Bog laurel (kalmia polifolia), and willow (Safix

             pedicellaris). A total of 86species of vascular plants and mosses were encountered along

             the transect. Federally threatened Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocepbalus) have been

             known to nest within this complex.

                    Recently local zoning authorities proposed zoning the shoreline of this complex

             for residential uses. The stability of the narrow first beach ridge is clearly unsuitable, for

             the construction of permanent structures. The fragmentation of this comolex for

             residential development would also cause severe degradation to the area, as habitat for

             Bald eagles.



                    17. Sahnon Trout River (Marquette Co.) This 720 acre complex is located

             approximately 35 miles northwest of Marquette, 3 miles north of Big Bay. Both the

             Salmon Trout River and Sullivan Creek pass through and drain this complex. The Salmon

             Trout River splits into a number of smaller streams as it passes through the complex in

             section 31. Although the upland portions of the complex may have experienced some

             logging at the turn of the century, the remainder is virtually pristine. This complex is

             entirely included within the Huron Mountain Club. The transect was taken from the

             shoreline in section 31.


                    Elevations taken along the transect indicate that the sandy bottoms of most of the

             swales lie as much as 4.63 m below current Lake Superior water levels. Depths of the



                                                          74








            Salmon Trout River close to its mouth were not taken, but it is apparently quite deep as

            it enters Lake Superior, to enable it to drain this low complex. Only the first beach ridge

            along the entire 600 m elevational transect was measured as being above the Lake

            Superior levels. Organic matter in the swales of this complex varied between 15 and 152

            cm deep. PH of swale orgMiC matter ranged between 4.30 and 5.56. Water levels in the

            swales varied between 8 and 152 cm. Several swales were dry (presumably well above

            lake levels) near the end of the 900 m long vegetation transect.

                   The vegetation of this complex reflects what was encountered by the land

            surveyors in the 1850's, with Red pine (Pinus resinosa), White pine (Pinus strobus),

            White spruce (Picea glauca), Red maple (Acer rubrum), and Paper birch (Betuld

            papjWfera) dominant on the ridges. Many of the swates are dominated by shrub

            swamps, with Speckled Ader (Alnus rugosa), Michigan Holly (Ilex verticillata),

            Leatherleaf (Cbamaedap&,,e calyculata), Sweet gate (Myrica gale), Red ash (Fraxinus

            pensylvanica), Black ash (Fraxinus nigra), Blue joint grass (Calantagrostis canadensis),

            Meadow sedge (Carex suicta), sedge (Carex rostrata), and Blue flag (Iris verwicolor).

            A total of 157 species of vascular plants and mosses were encountered along the

            vegetation transect. Two active Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocepbalus) nests are located

            within this complex.

                   Current management of this complex appears to ensure its long term viability as

            a natural area.




                   18. Pine River (Marquette Co.) This 520 acre complex is located approximately



                                                        75








            40 miles northwest of Marquette. It is bounded on the southwest by Pine Lake. The Pine

            River winds through the complex, emptying into Lake Superior. This tract is entirely

            included within the Huron Mountain Club. A number of unpaved roads and seasonal

            residences are located wittkin this complex. The transect was taken from the shoreline


            in section 22.


                   The beach ridges of this complex are 1-3 m high, with swales ranging from 1 to

            10 m wide. All swales along the transect were dry, with upland vegetation. Organic

            matter depths in the dry swales varied from 1 to 3 cm deep. The pH of the organic

            matter and sub-soil ranged from 3.73 to 3.82.

                   Th e presettlement vegetation of this complex was similar to that found today, with

            Red pine (Pinus resinosa) and Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) dominating. other common

            species found along the transect included Huckleberry (Gay   lussacia baccata), Bracken

            fern (Pteridium aquilinum), Low-bush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), Cow wheat

            (Melampyrum fineare), Trailing arbutus (Epigaea' repens), Pennsylvania sedge (Carex

            pensylvanica), and Ground cedar (Lycopodium ttistachyum). Being the least species-rich

            complex sampled, only 29 species were encountered along the transect.

                   Federally threatened Bald eagles (Haftaeetus leucocephalus) are known to nest

            within this complex. State threatened Lake cress (Armoracia aquatica) and state special

            concern Satiny willow (Salix pellita) are known to occur in or near Pine Lake. State

            special concern American dune wild-rye (Elymus mollis) is found along the shoreline of

            this complex. And finally, state threatened Marten (Martes ameHcana) has been seen

            within the complex.



                                                       76









                   Much of the housing for members of the Huron Mountain Club is concentrated

            along the Pine River near the shoreline. Given the limited nature of this residential

            development, no obvious threats to the long-term viability of this complex were observed.



                   19. Utdie Traverse Bay (Houghton Co.) This 575 acre complex is located 6 miles

            northeast of Portage Lake. It is bounded to the north by Rice Lake and several small

            county roads. Mud Lake is located just west of the complex, and Mud Lake Creek passes

            through the complex. Several homes are located along the county road which enters the

            complex on the southwest end, and passes along the shoreline. The transect was taken
0           in section 20.

                   The beach ridges of this complex are generally low (0.5-1.0 m high), with wide,

            wet swales between (3 to 56 m wide). Organic matter depth in the swales ranged from

            20 to 80 cm; averaging 38 cm. PH of swale organic matter and sub-soils varied from 3.72

            to 4.20. In August, nearly Al swales were saturated at the surface, with 3 cm of standing

            water in just one sv.-ale.

                   The presettlement vegetation of this complex appears to have been similar to what

            was noted along the transect, with a Great Lakes marsh and Northern Shrub Swamp at

            the confluence of Mud Lake Creek and the creek running from Little Rice Lake. Red pine

            (Pinus resinosa), Black spruce (Picea mariana), and Paper birch (Betula papIvIfera).

            Scattered Black spruce and. White pine (Pinus strobus) dominate many of the swales.

            Also common in the Bog-like swales are Leatherleaf (Cbamaedqpbne calyculata), Bog

            laurel (Kalmia polifolia), Black chokeberry (Aronia prunifolia), Labrador tea (Ledum



                                                       77









            groenlandicum), Bog rosemary (4ndromedeaglaucophylla), Large cranberry (Vaccinium

            macrocarpon), Running bog sedge (Carex ofigosperma), sedge (Carex exilis), Blue joint

            grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), and numerous Sphagnum mosses (Spbagnum spp.).

            A total of 65 species of vascular plants and mosses were encountered along this transect.

                   The subdivision and homesite development along this shoreline may create a long-

            term threat to the viabihi@r of this complex. State acquisition of parcels northeast of

            current homesites could be considered.




                   20. Grand Traverse Bay (Keweenaw Co.) Ibis 3500 acre complex is located 3

            miles south of Gay. The town of Traverse Bay is located along the shoreline at the

            northern end of the complim. The Traverse River passes through the complex from the

            northwest. A small creek also flows through the complex between Deer Lake and Lake

            Superior. Rice Lake, and a county road form the western boundary of the complex.

            Another road extends along the shoreline at the south end of the complex, where

            numerous homesites are located. The transect was taken from the shoreline on a private

            tract in section 16.


                   The beach ridges of ibis complex are generally low (0.5 to 1.0 m high). Elevation

            measurements from the shoreline indicated a rapid rise to 3 m above Lake Superior water

            levels at a distance of 26 m from the shoreline. At a distance of 400 m from the


            shoreline, elevations of the sandy swale bottoms declined to 10 cm below current Lake

            Superior water level. That particular swale was probably deepened as a stream bottom

            at some point in the past. From that point on, to a distance of 1084 m from the



                                                       78








            shoreline, elevations steadily increase to 4 m above take water levels. Organic matter

            depth in the swales ranged, from 20 to 122 cm; averaging 42 cm. PH of swale organic

            matter and sub-soils varied between 4.61 to 5.49. Most swales were saturated during

            visits in both June and August. In August, 6 to 12 cm of standing water was measured

            in several swates.


                    Prior to European settlement, both White pine (Pinus strobus) and Red pine

            (Pinus resinosa) were found on the beach ridges. Today, Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

            is dominant on the beach ridges along the shoreline. White pine was not encountered

            along the transect as an overstory tree on the beach ridges.     Scattered Black spruce

            (Picea mariana) and occasionally, Tamarack (Larix laricina) were dominant in Bog-like

            swales. Other species comnion in the swales include Sweet bay (Myrica gale), Leatherleaf

            (Cbamaedapbne calyculaut), Bog birch (Betulapumila), Speckled alder (41nus rugosa),

            Bog rosemary Ondromedoa glaucopbylla), Bog laurel (Kalmia polifolia), Labrador tea

            (Ledum groenlandicum), willow (Safix pedice&aris), Running bog sedge (Carew

            ofigospernta), Blue joint gnass (Calamagrostis canadensis), Blue flag (Iris versicolor),

            Pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea), and numerous species of Sphagnum mosses

            (Spbagnum spp.). A total of 96 species of vascular plants and mosses were encountered

            along the transect. State special concern Douglas's hawthorn (Crataegus douglasit)

            occurs along the shoreline just south of the town of Traverse Bay.

                  Mine tailings dumped into Lake Superior at Gay extend along the shoreline at the

            northern end of this complex. Homesite development appears to be an increasing along

            the shoreline at the south end of the complex. A camp and firing range is located along



                                                      79








            the county road near Rice Lake. State acquisition of shoreline parcels is recommended,

            given the size and quality of this complex.



                   21. Oliver Bay (Keweenaw Co.) This 950 acre complex is located just southeast

            of Lac LaBelle at Point Isabelle. A series of small, post-glacial embayments, extending

            inland up to 1100 m from the shoreline, formed around Point Isabelle, depositing an

            irregular series of beach ridges. A County road passes along the shoreline of this

            complex, along which seveml homes are located. The transect was taken from the road

            inland in section 15 at Oliver Bay.

                   The beach ridges. of this complex are generally low (0-5-0.75 m high). Swales of

            this complex vary considerably in width, from 2 to 56 m wide; averaging 44 m.

            Measurements of organic matter in the swales ranged from 28 to 102 cm; averaging 63

            cm deep. PH of swale organic matter and sub-soils varied between 4.11 and 4.58.

            In August, most swales were saturated at the surface. Those swales with standing water

            had between 2 and 6 cm in August.

                   The original land surveys of this complex in the 1850's indicated tree species

            similar to those encountered today along the transect. Balsam fir (4bies balsamea), Black

            spruce (Picea mariana), and White pine (Pinus strobus) dominate the low beach ridges,
            while scattered Tamarack (Larix laricina) and Paper birch (Betula papj7-!@era) dominate

            the swales. Other species common in the Bog-like swales are Labrador tea (Ledum

            groenlandicum), Creeping snowberry (Gaultheria hispidula), Leatherleaf

            (Cham.aedaphne calyculatez), Bog laurel (Kalmia polifolia), False mayflower (Smilacina



                                                       80








            ttifolia), Three-seeded sedge (Carex ttispet-Pn ), Goldthread (Coptis t foliata), Graceful
                                                           a

            bog sedge (Carex fimoszei, and (Comus canadensis). A total of 80 specie were

            encountered along the transect. State special concern Marsh willow-herb (Epilobium

            palustre) is found within this complex.

                   Although some logging activity has occurred historically throughout this tract, the

            extent of significant human caused disturbance to this complex is limited to the

            shoreline. However, numerous FOR SALE signs observed along this stretch of shoreline

            indicate the future subdivision of the larger private tracts. The vast majority of this area

            is clearly wetland, but there remains the possibility of homesite development on

            numerous beach ridges. Ilie long-term viability of this complex would be best secured

            through public acquisition of tracts within this complex.



                   22. Flint Steel Riveir (Ontonagon Co.) This 500 acre complex is located 4 miles

            northeast of the Ontonagon along a narrow stretch of shoreline, extending only 400-500

            rn inland on average. The Flint Steel River and Fire Steel River cut through the complex

            at its north end. The Flint Steel River bends around, forming the east and southeast

            boundary of the complex. A road built on an old narrow-gage railway right-of-way

            extends the entire length of the complex along a beach ridge 225 m inland from the

            shoreline. This road provides access for a.number of shoreline cottages.

                   Beach ridges in this complex are moderate in height, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 m

            high. Elevations measured along the transect indicated a rise in elevation from the

            shoreline inland. The lowest point along the transect, at 135 meters from the shoreline,



                                                         81








             the sandy bottom of a large swale ties 21 cm above current Lake Superior water level.

             Beyond that point elevations steadily increase to a maidmum of 11.89 m above take level

             at a distance of 463 rn fromi the shoreline. Wet swales were common along the transect

             up to a distance of 200 m from the shoreline. Swales ranged from 2 to 47 m in width;

             averaging 11 m wide. Organic matter in the swales varied in depth from 13 to 117 cm;

             averaging 38 cm deep. PH of swale organic matter and sub-soils ranged from 4.23 to

             4.67. No standing water was recorded in the swales, either in June or in August. Most

             swales were moist or saturated at the surface in June.

                    The vegetation, as noted in the original land surveys, is similar to that found today

             along the transect. The beach ridges are dominated by White pine (Pinus strobus), Red

             pine (Pinus resinosa), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Red maple (Acer rubt-um),

             Paper birch (Betula papyrifera), White spruce (Picea glauca), and Big tooth aspen (Abies

             balsamea). The swales, mostly Bog-like in character, are dominated by Leatherleaf

             (Cbanzaedapbne calyculata), Speckled alder (Alnus rugasa), Michigan holly (Ilex

             verticillata), and Bog rosemary @Wromedea gZaucopbylla). Other common species

             include Large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Running bog sedge (Carex

             oligosperm,a), Round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), Pond sedge (Dulicbium

             arundinaceum), beak rush (Rkyncbospora fusca), Rattlesnake grass (Glyceria

             canadensis), and Northern. manna grass (Gl@ceria borealis). A total of 107 species of

             vascular plants and mosses were encountered along the transect. Two federally

             threatened Bald eagle (Hafiaeetus leucocepbalus) nests are located within this complex.

                    Although a number of cottages e--dst along this stretch of shoreline, the high quality



                                                          82








           nature of this complex remains. Recent road improvements and related homesite

0          development is occurring along the Flint Steel River, just inland of this complex. Public

           acquisition of tracts within this complex is recommended for the maintenance of Bald

           eagle habitat, as well as to ensure the long-term viability of this complex as a whole.
0



















































                                                     83






0






0






0






0




0                                  APPENDEK H

               TOPOGRAPHICABOUNDARY MAPS OF HIGH NATURAL-QUALfIY
0             WOODED DUNE AND SWALE COMPLEXES SAMPLED DURING 1992



0






a






w






a


                                       84






0



                        APPENDIX 11.1 POINTE AUX BARQUES
                        HURON COUNTY                             T19NR13E                                Scale 1:40,000


                                                                                  A
                                                                                                                                                                                 120"



                                                                                                                                                                 V
                                                                                                                       r7l



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                                                                    j


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                                                                                                                                                           oo


















                                                                'it
                                                                                                                                              0   1
                                                                                                                                                                          -2- _T

















                                                                                                            85








        APPENDIX U.2 PORT CRESCENT STATE PARK
        HURON COUNTY T18N R13E         Scale 1:48,000

























                                        7-7
                                                        IOf











                                          86










         APPENDIX 11.3 ALBERT E. SLEEPER STATE PARK
         HURON COUNTY T18N R10-11E       Scale 1:48,000














































                                          87










              APPENDIX IIA AU GRES
              ARENAC COUNTY T19N IVE                           Scale 1:36,923



                                                                                                    0
                                                                                                   50
                                                                                                   L3








                                                                           i7Wi
























                                                                           W4





                                            7- -17 -,-











                               71@








                                                                     Cn









                                                                 88










          APPENDIX 111.5 PIATI`E BAY
          BENZIE COUNTY T27N R15W         Scale 1:34,285

















































                                            89


















                                                                                            4315           ---- ----










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                                                                                                                                                                    T-




                                                    sleeping BeaftBoy                                                                                                    LP
                                                                                                                                                                         U


                        'No
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                                                                                                                                                                                '@OUNTI@.

                                    G en Hve'n'.                                                                 PU

                                                                                                                         -2
                                                     ........ . ...
                                                                                                         3



                                                                            all
                                                                                                              sr,
                                                                                                                                                                        TRANSECT


                                       -DT                       n           @2
                                     ds

                                            29\




                                                                              7
                                                                                                           3
                                                                 an


                                                                                                                                                         G L E N             L A K E
                                  GLEN LAKE                                                                                                                     W IM2

                                                                                    o










                          APPENDIX H.7 BOWER'S HARBOR
                          GRAND TRAVERSE T29N1 R11W                                                                         Scale 1:36,923


                                                                                      CAM                                                                                     rA

                                                                                                                          T I                              a
                                                                                               B r



                                                                                   IIf                                                      7

                                                                                           ZD
                                                                        4




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                                                                                                 r



                                                                                                                          p

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                                       @op ho@ers Harbor
                                                    Cam

                                              20

                                                                                                                                                                                 3
                                                                                        w-07            AND
                                                                                                                                                         ja


                                                                                                          PUBLIC
                                                                                                          A(CESS                                                               d.6


                                                                                                                         T     shipA
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                                                                                                                9T




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                                  pbint


                                                                                                   S, D






                                                                                               SAND                                                -An



                                                              W-1 7
                                                                                              SAN D










                                                                                                                  91









                    APPENDIX H.8 POINTE ALUX CHENES (WEST PORTION)
                    MACKINAC COUNTY T41-42N R4-6W Scale 1:48,000



                                                         @vo











                  X.





                                                                                                                                            .:R,, T
                                                                                                                            it





                                                                                -7,@. I


                                                 x







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                                                                                                                                           7




                                                                                     TRANSECT





                                                                                                    7@













                                                                                            92

                                                                                                                                            V,       X27

                                                                                                                                        ft  ..4c








                         APPENDIX H.8 POINTE ALUX CHENES (EAST PORTION) Scale 1: 48,000











                                                          E    S T-
                                                                           ,Be         ks  1 2
                                                                                                 Round     Lake.



                                         31.


                                        fla

                                                                                                                                                      zz-:



                                                                                                                    4 lfl.



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                                                                                                               70.






                                                                                                                                                            T-L,


















                                                                                                              93










          APPENDIX 11.9 GULLIVER LAKIE DUNES
          SCHOOLCRAFT COUN1Y T41N R13-15W Scale 1:80,000
















                                                        03.     V,

                                                              iA







                          114,













































                                          94









                   APPENDIX U.10 THOMPSON
                   SCHOOLCRAFT COUNIT T41N R16W                                                     Scale 1:48,000





                                                                           H     I     A      w     A           H      A
                                                                                                                                                           T42N


















                                                                 F...t 4,
                                                                 B-h

                                                                                                                                         anistique




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                                                                                                         15r



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                                                                                                          12 2

                                                                                                                        V







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                                                                ?
                                                       N"I
                                                                        7R"SECT

                                                7



                                               Th-*j

                                               j2



                                                                                              95









       APPENDIX 11.11 PORTAGE' BAY
       DELTA COUNTY T39N R18W     Scale 1:34,285







                    17                              14
                                      ell



                        x i ta r



                                r


                                                             io,




                                                    ale)j-



                                   4xck     r
          U-27                                I at, oon a e

     tt

                                    MANSEC
                                         MICHIGAN
          AAA-                        mc.E
         \3

                            4K





                    Z5























                                   96









                    APPENDIX 11.12 BIG BAY DE NOC
                    DELTA COUNTY T40N FL18W                                                   Scale 1:36,923







                                                          .*ISI


                                                               Ar
                                                                                                                                                                                     25






                                                          2
                                                                                                                                                                                     Mt
                2q




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                                                                 710



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                                                                                                                                    L te
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                                      BIG       BAY DE           NO C'.


                                                                                                                                                     S U        R I
                                                                                                                                       j4u

                        L  A    K E                   @M I         H I     G A     N:,,@                                                        4 T/1E              -s
                                  AFM WMTF NEW "0 R"ATM 1       7.0                                                                                            oT









                                                                                                   97










                      APPENDIX 11-13 OGONTZ BAY
                      DELTA COUNTY T40N B20W                                                   Scale 1:36,923








                                                                                                                                                                    J11
                                  34                                                                  6-S,                              0




                                                                                     n. 7;@

                                                                  ; @-15111
                                                                                                  T4"                                                        rz41 N      r",
                                                                                                                                                             140 N
                                                                                           fast


                                                                        'a                  ALI



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                                                                                                         13

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                 r


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                               FAJ              n
                IV..
                                           181T


                                                                                                                                       7.3
                                       2-





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                                                                                                                                                                                             Z3
                                    KK
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                                                                                                                                  Bay
                                     1)r






                                                                                                  98






















                                                                                    OVERLOOK

                                                                                         SAND                                                                                                                      ROM $104' A40


                                                                                          29                                                                                                                      SA
                                                                                                                                            GS
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                                                                                                                                                 r r
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                                                                                      1                                                                                                                              dp@@"dl I w
                                                                                      flond


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                                                                                                                                       Lak
                                                                                                                                                                                          N A -T




                                                                                                                                                            86.0





                                                                                                                                                    19P.5A T








                        APPENDIX 11-15 LITTLE PRESQUE ISLE POINT
                        MARQUEM COUNTY TON R25-26W                                                                                       Scale 1:36,923









                                                                                                                                                                     42


                                                                                                                          33






                                                  R





                                                                                                 13
                                                                                                                            T"VsicT
                                                                                           V


                                                                                                         pb                                                                   Is Presque Isle
                                                                                                                                     18
                                                                                                                     618                                                                                    r t. POInt



                                                                                                                 arl                                                           >
                                                                                                                                                          17

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                                                  23                                             M@;71
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                                       -7



                                                                                    4 F, "A T1 (r




w


















                                                                                                                  100










                     APPENDIX H.16 IRON IWIER
                     mARQuETTE couNiy 'r51N R26-27W                                                            Scale 1:24,000








                                                         2067-








                                         G*u    C








                                                                        13
                                                                                                                        TRANSECT


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                                                                   'AP                      1198 T
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gh










                                                                                                      101
                                                                                                                         TR
                                                                                                                             A



                                                                                                                                                            'v@









               APPENDIX H.17 SALMON TROUT BAY
               MARQUETTE couNTY ir5l-52N R27-28W                                       Scale 1:24,000




                        25
                                            Cm                            G,111-et    LAKE SUPERM?
                                                                         Landing'
                                                                                                    IV 111? 3 15

           ,rF-A'                                      A?,
                                        C-                                         TRANSECT


                Pei
                                                                                                 Salmon
                                                                                                             Trout    Ba

                                                                    el,
                 17D
                                                     -Afre
                d/
                                                                                                           x 18 z?


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           I 'If.k  It                                                                      \?C)  V I                 T 51 W








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                                                                         102



                                                                                                                                                                                        111                          lip































                                                                                                "j,  f,





                                                                                                     52


                                                                            f
                                                                                                                                                                       Huron Mountain
                                                                                                                                                                              IF 0 OT  R I I-) CIE


                                                                                                                                                                                                          5 VEX5


                                                                                                                                                                                                                            TR"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      SECT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 5AND





                                                                                                     i5@,
                                                                                                                                                          2? T
                                                                                                                               Pine                      --            - - - - - - - -

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                                                                              '2q


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        7









                        APPENDIX 11-19 LITIU TRAVERSE BAY
                        HOUGHTON COUNTY T55N R31W                                                                     Scale 1:36,923





                                                              0


                                                                                                                                                  18'
                                                                                                                                                                                   9









                                                                                                                                                                          6,0,







                                                    13
                                                                                                                                                   17:.






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                                                     4
                                                                                                                                                                                 21

                                                                                                                                                                   616
                                                                                627



                                                                    A
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                                                                                                                                       @SECT




                                                                                              30
                                                   26
                                                         2

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                                                                                                                                  33

                                                   36







                                                                                                           104










                   APPENDIX U.20 GRANDMAVERSE BAY
                    HOUGHTON/KEWEENAW COUNIIES T55-56N R31W                                                             Scale 1:48,000





                                                                                                                                     @35




                                                  '.3
                                                                            3i I





                                                                                  'MViEENAW
                                                   w Co I @,:,S    -   :- '   ' '
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                                                                                                            04






                                                                                                                                .+
                                                                                     MANSECT
                                                   17












                                    . . . . . . . . . . . . .


                                                            616
                                                                                                       pNoi.t
                                                                                               22
                                                                                                                   ......   ..












































































                                                                                         105










                      APPENDICK 11.21 OLIVER BAY
                       XIVEENAW COUNTY T577N R29W                                                            Scale 1:36,923






                                            33      La,
                                                                                                          .0ta Light House
                                                                    Ile
                                                                602          r
                                                                        4-














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                                                           ----------- --------            10.



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                                                                                                                                                             3,
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                                                                                            -----------
                                     \vi                                                                                           7'-
                                                 16                                      15                 nt"SECT            --
                                                                                                                                  -14


                                          ------------











                                   L                      -------
                                                                                    0












                                                                                                  106









                   APPENDIX H.22 FLINT SIMEL RIVER
                   ONTONAGON COUNTY T52N R39W                                                            Scale 1:32,000






                                 - - ------ ------






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                                                                                                                                               T -S2Q,


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                                                                                    107






a






0






0






0




0                                  APPENDIX III


              LOCA11ON MAPS FOR WOODED DUNE AND SWALE COMPLEXES


              IN COUNIUS WIIERE COMPLEXES WERE SAMPLED DURING 1992





























                                       108



 2










             APPENDIX M.1 HURON COUNlY





                                                                        u







                                               IG





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                                                              109










                      APPENDIX 111.2 BAY COUNlY








                                                                                               x





















                                                                 7.   77


                                                   4



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                                                                                                           .-Widlif. Am

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                                                        F                                                   TORICO MARSH
                                                                                                            'SIAW(W.0 A..




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                                                                                                         110



























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                                                                           U., R
                                        CL  'I CN            6 N
                                        C    7
                                                                              NE





                                                                                         7

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                                                                                            AU GRES
                                             Iv
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                                                               Bay
                                                              W Area








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                                                                     PLAM BAY

                                                                                                            Dell
                                           PLAMRMERpo,rNT
                                                                                                   P L A
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                                                         IT 11@
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                                                                                                            s We
                                                        .S L A.2 I N
                                                              t L_@









                      APPENDIX M.6 LEELANAU COUNTY
















                                                                                                                                                          GRANG



                                                                                                                                                     7 R AV E R SE




                                                                                            6

                                                                                                                                                               A y



                                                                                                                                                     1z"
                                                                                                                                 r  r
                                                                    0



                                                                             GOOD HA"OR B"
                                                                                     LAKESHORE


                                                                                                               64
                                                                                                       iE        -E           sil
                                             DUNES


                                                                              LE


                                                            CR YWA L i z invwM.R
                                                              10.



                                                                           V

                                                                                                               A
                                                                                                                         E L tA;VQ



                                                                                           or
















                                                                                               114
                                                                                         p








                    APPENDIX M.7 GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY





                                                                                                                     &RAND


                                                                                                           TRAVERSE         OAY















                                                                                                              BOWERS HARBOR

                                                                                                                        ftlb.PA&@
                                                                                                               T          SION
                                                                                                                          G-
                                                                                                                         Am









                                                                                                                                    A '..I
                                                                                                                                                     1IN
                                                                T                                                 GRkVD TRA=SE EAST ARM







                                                                                                                                                   z,




                                                                                                                 PAR           k
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                                                                                                                                             p"r

                                                     ANT
                                                                                                                                         2!
                                                                                                   LTj J





                                                                                                      115








        APPENDIX 111.8 MACKINAC COUNTY (EAST)















                          Aili




                                                         Lot







                                          116








         APPENDIX HI.9 SCHOOLCRAFT COUNTY

























                                                                    SEUL CHOM BAY
                                            GULLIVER LAKE DUNES


                                 THOMPSON
                  17
































                                             117










           APPENDIX IH.10 DELTA C.OUNTY





























                                                PaLx @4-




                                               BIG BAYDE NOC



                                            Y
                                  of,




                                     c
                                  4




                                                                   PORTAGE BAY


                                                            IaZEGG BAY
                                               I., 7;n -

                                                       GLUAMTHAVFdV













                                                 118










                        APPENDIX 111.11 LUCE COUNTY
















                                                                                                                                    L


                                                                                                     TWO H
                                                                                                                  E4R7W RMR MOUM
                                        AMSKALLONGE LAKE WEST
                                                                                                                                                                                                            i 7







                                                                                                                                                              -lee


                                             L=                                                      . ......
                                                                                                                                             A
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                                                                                                                                                                                              TN


                                                                    Z-.


                                                              a      L



                                              7rk-




















                                                                                                                     119









                 APPENDIX Ill. 12 ALGER C OUNTY (WESI)
                                                                                                                                   0         R


                           A                                          s          u         p
                                                                                                                              G        N Q
                                                                                                                                 GRAND
                                                                                                                              I "S L       "D
                              Esc      Ri arl@




                                                                                                                                      TROVT BAY



                    sconaDa
                   F? er
                                                                                AU TRAIN
                                                                                                                CHRISTMAS
                                                                     4              SA
                                                                                                                                            x4om
                                                                 A

                                                      Z4,






                                                                                                                                         In'
                                                                                                                                             A
               :,jL

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                               MH j







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                                                                                                        74,

                                                                       Fare





                                                                     r1H

                                                                                120








          APPENDICK M-13 MARQUETTE COUNTY





      HURON RIVER
                         PIAW RWER
                                 SALMON lliOUT BAY

                                      BIG )MY


                                            IRON RIVER
                          "7t'







                   77(
                                   -WIN



                                                                 PRESQUE
             0 -X
                                                          'r             ISLE POINT

            4XI







                                                                                  SAND RIVER

                                                                       CHOCOL"RIVER



























                                               121










          APPENDIX In. 14 BARAGA COUNTY









                                                        4:0.









                     74


                      j 7v


                                                              tl





                                  174,7-

                                                     iz














                     c                rKi





                              Vr@ Z










                                               122










                       APPENDIX 111-15 HOUGHMN COUNlY










                                                                                                                        @ IT




                                                                                                                                                    GRAM) TRAVERSE BAY







                                                                                                                                        MME TRAVERSE BAY


                                                                              r-Al
                                                                                                       ff -C





                                                                                                        171
                                                                                                    L
























                                                                                                           123










                       APPENDIX M.16 KEWEENAW COUNTY




                                                                                                                                                         'IF



                                                                                                                                                                    All





                                                                                                                                   .pZ:





                                                                                                                                       C,
                                                                                                                                                            low
                                                     olo
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                                                    ,so






















                                                                                                                                                            14


























                                                                                                            124










          APPENDIX M.17 ONTONAGON COUNTY


















                                   jk



                       FLINT STFU MVER












                   R,





                                                                   IT


                            ET


                                                                   jAl

                                                                 J,

                                        -LAE












                                               125
                                   IM Lin*l 1- -1




























                                   APPENDIX TV


               DATA SUMMARIES FOR THREE RERESENTATIVE WOODED DUNE


                              AND SWALE COMPLEXES






            STURGEON BAY: NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN-HIGH DUNE SUB-TYPE
          OGONTZ BAY: NORTIIERN LAKE HURON/MICHIGAN-LOW DUNE SUB-TYPE
               GRAND TRAVERSE BAY: LAKE SUPERIOR-LOW DUNE SUB-TYPE



























                                       126
 









                                   REPRESENTAIIVE TRANSECT SUMMAREES


                   The following inventory, compiled by the Michigan Natural Heritage Program,
            follows in part the nomenclature given in Voss, 1972 and 1985, Michigan Flora Part I &
            11 and Gleason & Cronquist, 1963, Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United
            States and Adjacent Canad2L. Each species is preceded by its Coefficient of Conservatism
            (Wilhelm and Ladd, 1988, Natural Area Assessment in the Chicago Region, Trans. 53rd
            N. A. Wildl. & Nat. Res. Conf.) (0 = weedy, 10 = conservative). Coefficients of
            Conservatism are followed by its wetness coefficient (-5 = wet, - 3 = facultative wet, 0
            = faculative, 3    facultative upland, 5 = upland) and corresponding National Wetland
            Category (OBL       obligate wetland species, FAC = facultative species, UPL = upland
            species. Native taxa (N) are those species believed to have been present in Michigan
            prior to European settlement. Adventives (A), shown in all ALL CAPS, INCLUDE those
            species which have entered Michigan since settlement and are therefore not integral to
            any natural community.

                   The first page of each of the following transect summaries contains mean values
            from each quadrat taken allong the transect. Of particular interest for this study is the
            starred (*) column, indicating the mean for the wetland coefficients for all species found
            at that sample point. Values below zero indicate a wetland condition, while positive
            values indicate an upland condition.

                   Wetland Indicator Categories by Reed (1988) in the National List ofPlant Species
            that Occur in Wetlands. Micbigan and those assigned by Anton Reznicek and Michael
            Penskar in The Michigan Floristic Quality Assessment System with Wetland Categories
            (Herman and Penskar, et al. in prep.) were used for identifying wetland communities in
            this study. The wetland indicator category for any plant species defines the estimated
            probability for which a species occurs in wetlands (Reed, 1988; Wilhelm, 1989). Positive
            (+) and negative (-) signs are attached to the three "Facultative" categories to express
            exaggerated tendencies for those species (Reed, 1988; Wilhelm, 1989). Coefficients of
            Wetness (CofW) have been assigned by Wilhelm (1989) to the eleven wetland indicator
            categories: OBL= -5, FACW+= -4, FACW= -3, FACW- -2, FAC+= -1, FAC= 0, FAC-
            +1, FACU+= +2, FACU= +3, FACU- +4, UPL= +5-

                   Individual wetland indicator categories should not be equated to degrees of
            wetness (Reed, 1988 in Wilhelm, 1989 in Herman and Penskar et. al. in prep). If the Sum
            of all the Coefficients of Wetness assigned to a constellation of species recorded in a site
            inventory is averaged, the mean can be regarded as a Wetness Index (Wilhelm, 1989).
            If the Wetness Index is 0 or below, the constellation of species indicates the site is a
            wetland based on presence of a predominance of wetland species at a particular site
            (Wilhelm, 1989). Similarly, mean wetness coefficients can also be calculated for sampling
            points along a transect within a site. The mean wetness coefficients for each quadrat are
            shown in Figures 4a, 5a @md 6a (pages 21, 23 and 27), with the wetlands easily
            recognized by bars registering from -5 to 0.       The Wetness index does not take into


                                                        127









            account dominance as measured by percent cover of any one species (Herman and
            Penskar et. al., in prep).


            Definitions of Wettand Categories and Assigned Coefficients of Wetness after Reed, 1988
            and Wilhelm, 1989.


            CoM Wedand Category                Symbol        Definition

            -5     Obligate Wetland            OBL           Occurs almost always in wetlands under
                                                             natural conditions (estimated > 99%
                                                             probability).

            -3     Facultative Wetland         FACW          Usually occurs in wetlands, but
                                                             occasionally found in non-wetlands
                                                             (estimated 67% - 99% probability).

            0      Facultative                 FAC           Equally likely to occur in wetlands or
                                                             non-wedands (estimated 34% - 66%
                                                             probability).

            +3     Facultative Upland          FACU          Occasionally occurs in wetlands, but
                                                             usually occur in non-wetlands (estimated
                                                             1% - 33% probability).

            +5     Upland                      UPL           Almost never occurs in wetlands under
                                                             natural conditions (estimated < 1%).



















                                                       128












                                                                    STURGEON BAY


            SITE:       Sturgeon Bay
            COUNTY:     Emmet
            DATE- .     July, 1991
            BY:         P.Comer, K.Herman, M.Mang
            FILE:       QU_STURG



                                                             TRANSECT DATA,       QUADRAT
                 QUAD            NC      W/Ad         NI     W/Ad              NW     W/Ad         NS        TS     N SEQ       0 SEQ
                     1         5.0        5.0       5.0       5.0            3.0       3.0           1          1       3.0        3.0
                     2         5.0        5.0       5.0       5.0            3.0       3.0           1          1       2.8        2.8
                     3         9.8        9.8     1.9.5      19.5            2.5       2.5           4          4       0.7        0.7
                     4         8.1        8.1     26.8       26.8          -3.3       -3.3         11        11         0.3        0.3
                     5         7.9        7.9     23.7       23.7            1.8       1.8           9          9     -0.6        -0.6
                     6         6.1        6.1     25.0       25.0          -0.3       -0.3         17        17         0.3        0.3
                     7         6.9        6.9     21.8       21.8          -0.7       -0.7         10        10       -1.9        -1.9
                     8         8.5        8.5     28.3       28.3          -4.6       -4.6         11        11       -2.1        -2.1
                     9         6.8        6.8     26.3       26.3          -1.1       -1.1         15        15       -3.5        -3.5
                   10          8.2        8.2     24.7       24.7          -4.7       -4.7           9          9     -0.9        -0.9
                   11          7.1        7.1     1-8.9      18.9            3.1       3.1           7          7     -2.1        -2.1
                   12          6.7        6.7     1-6.3      16.3          -4.8       -4.8           6          6       0.2        0.2
                   13          5.0        5.0       8.7       8.7            2.3       2.3           3          3     -2.3        -2.3
                   14          8.3        8.3     1.6.5      16.5          -4.5       -4.5           4          4     -0.6        -0.6
                   15          7.1        7.1     .21.3      21.3            0.3       0.3           9          9     -3.1        -3.1
                   16          5.0        5.0       5.0       5.0          -5.0       -5.0           1          1     -1.1        -1.1
                   17          6.2        6.2     1.8.7      18.7            1.4       1.4           9          9     -1.9        -1.9
                   18          3.9        3.9     1-4.4      14.4          -2.3       -2.3         14        14       -0.5        -0.5
                   19          4.6        4.6     1.5.9      15.9          -0.8       -0.8         12        12       -2.4        -2.4
                   20          6.8        6.8     1.6.7      16.7          -4.2       -4.2           6          6     -1.4        -1.4
                   21          4.3        4.3     1-1.3      11.3            0.9       0.9           7          7     -2.1        -2.1
                   22          4.9        4.9     1.7.0      17.0          -3.0       -3.0         12        12       -0.1        -0.1
                   23          4.8        4.8     1-5.2      15.2            1.7       1.7         10        10       -0.8        -0.8
                   24          4.7        4.7     1.2.5      12.5          -1.0       -1.0           7          7       0.8        0.8
                   25          4.6        4.6     1.5.4      15.4            1.8       1.8         11        11       -1.4        -1.4
                   26          6.0        6.0     1.3.4      13.4          -5.0       -5.0           5          5     -0.9        -0.9
                   27          4.4        4.4     1.3.3      13.3            0.6       0.6           9          9     -3.1        -3.1
                   28          6.0        6.0       6.0       61.0         -5.0       -5.0           1          1     -1.1        -1.1
                   29          4.9        4.9     1.2.9      12.9            1.1       1.1           7          7     -2.4        -2.4
                   30          4.4        4.4     1.6.6      16.6          -3.4       -3.4         14        14       -0.2        -0.2
                   31          4.7        4.7     1.4.9      14.9            1.5       1.5         10        10       -1.5        -1.5
                   32          5.9        5.9     212.2      22.2          -2.8       -2.8         14        14       -0.9        -0.9
                   33          5.7        5.7     1.3.9      13.9          -1.5       -1.5           6          6     -2.5        -2.5
                   34          5.7        5.7     21.9       21.9          -3.1       -3.1         15        15       -2.1        -2.1
                   35          5.5        5.5     1.1.0      11.0          -1.8       -1.8           4          4     -2.7        -2.7
                   36          5.8        5.8     25.5       25.5          -3.3       -3.3         19        19       -1.7        -1.7
                   37          4.8        4.8     1.1.8      11.8          -0.2       -0.2           6          6     -2.4        -2.4
                   38          6.5        6.5     25.0       25.0          -3.7       -3.7         15        15       -2.0        -2.0


                  AVG          6.0        6.0     1.6.8      16.8          -1.2       -1.2        8.7       8.7
                   STD         1.4        1.4       6.3       6.3            2.7       2.7        4.6       4.6












                                          TRANSECT DATA, AGGREGATE
                            cc      NUMBER
                             0        1                         118  NATIVE SPECIES
                             1        2                         118  TOTAL SPECIES
                             2        90 -to 3                  6.4  NATIVE QUALITY
                             3        8   16.9%                 6.4     W/Adventives
                             4        10                       69.1  NATIVE INDEX
ID                           5        194 to 6                 69.1     W/Adventives
                             6        15  :37.3%               -1.7  NATIVE WETNESS
                             7        7                        -1.7     W/Adventives
                             8        187 to 9
                             9        1   22.0%
                            10        28 10
                                          23.7%



                             PHYSIOGNOW.(                    PHYSIOGNOMIC    RELATIVE IMPORTANCE VALUES
                    NATIVE         118    100.0%        PHYSIOG          FQ      COV     RFQ      RCOV       RIV
                    Tree              12  10.2%         N  Forb         112    65.5      33.8     25.7      29.8
                    Shrub             25  21.2%         N  Shrub         93    71.5      28.1     28.0      28.1
                    Vine              2    1.7%         N  Tree          51   28.25      15.4     11.1      13.2
                    Forb              51  43.2%         N  Sedge         32   31.75      9.7      12.5      11.1
                    Fern              6    5.1%         N  Fern          21        15    6.3       5.9       6.1
                    Sedge             15  1-2.7%        N  Grass         20   14.75      6.0       5.8       5.9
                    Grass             7    5.9%         N  Vine            2   1.25      0.6       0.5       0.5


                    ADVENTIVE         0    0.0%
                    Tree              0    0.0%
                    Shrub             0    0.0%
                    Vine              0    0.0%
                    Forb              0    0.0%
                    Sedge             0    0.0%
                    Grass             0    0.0%



                                       SPECIES RELATIVE IMPORTANCE VALUES
          SCIENTIFIC NAME                            CC WETNESS          FQ      COV     RFQ      RCOV       RIV
          Gaylussacia baccata                         7 FACU             11        16    1.6       3.5       2.5
          Gaultheria procumbens                       5 FACU             12    9.25      1.7       2.0       1.9
          Vaccinium myrtilloides                      4 FACW-            11         9    1.6       1.9       1.8
          Picea mariana                               6 FACW               9  10.25      1.3       2.2       1.8
          Pteridium aquilinum                         0 FACU               9     7.5     1.3       1.6       1.5
          Carex aquatilis                             7 OBL                6   7.25      0.9       1.6       1.2
          Trientalis borealis                         5 FAC+               9   5.25      1.3       1.1       1.2
          Carex interior                              3 OBL                6     5.5     0.9       1.2       1.0
          Lycopus uniflorus                           2 OBL                7   4.75      1.0       1.0       1.0
          Juniperus communis                          7 facu               2        8    0.3       1.7       1.0
          Vaccinium oxycoccos                         8 OBL                8     3.5     1.1       0.8       1.0
          Abies balsamea                              3 FACW               8     3.5     1.1       0.8       1.0
          Pinus strobus                               3 FACU               7        4    1.0       0.9       0.9
          Calamovilfa longifolia                     10 UPL                6   3.75      0.9       0.8       0.8
          Potentilla palustris                       10 OBL                5   4.25      0.7       0.9       0.8
          Quercus rubra                               5 FACU               6        3    0.9       0.6       0.8










         Cladium mariscoides                    10 OBL              4    4.25    0.6      0.9      0.7
         Potentilla fruticosa                   10 FACW             5     3.5    0.7      0.8      0.7
         Ammophila breviligulata                10 UPL              3    4.25    0.4      0.9      0.7
         Thuja occidentalis                      4 FACW             6    2.25    0.9      0.5      0.7
         Arctostaphylos uva-ursi                 8 upl              5    2.75    0.7      0.6      0.7
         Dulichium arundinaceum                  8 OBL              3       4    0.4      0.9      0.6
         Epigaea repens                          7 upl              4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Calamagrostis canadensis                3 OBL              4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Thelypteris palustris                   2 FACW+            4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Triglochin maritimum                    8 OBL              4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Equisetum fluviatile                    7 OBL              4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Juncus balticus                         4 OBL              4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Salix cordata                          10 FAC+             4     2.5    0.6      0.5      0.6
         Andropogon scoparius                    5 FACU             3     2.5    0.4      0.5      0.5
         Salix myricoides (S.    glaucophyl.)    9 FACW             4    1.75    0.6      0.4      0.5
         Acer pensylvanicum                      5 FACU             4    1.75    0.6      0.4      0.5
         Ledum groenlandicum                     8 OBL              4    1.75    0.6      0.4      0.5
         Melampyrum lineare                      6 FAC-             4    1.75    0.6      0.4      0.5
         Sparganium minimum                      8 OBL              2       3    0.3      0.6      0.5
         Claytonia caroliniana                   6 FACU             3    2.25    0.4      0.5      0.5
         Smilacina stellata                      5 FAC-             3    2.25    0.4      0.5      0.5
         Potamogeton natans                      5 OBL              3    2.25    0.4      0.5      0.5
         Carex lasiocarpa                       10 OBL              1       3    0.1      0.6      0.4
         Utricularia vulgaris                    6 OBL              1       3    0.1      0.6      0.4
         Lycopus americanus                      2 OBL              3     1.5    0.4      0.3      0.4
         Rubus pubescens                         4 FACW+            3     1.5    0.4      0.3      0.4
         Tofieldia glutinosa                    10 OBL              3     1.5    0.4      0.3      0.4
         Artemisia campestris                    5 fac              3     1.5    0.4      0.3      0.4
         Linnaea borealis                        6 FAC              3     1.5    0.4      0.3      0.4
         Juniperus horizontalis                 10 FAC-             2       2    0.3      0.4      0.4
         Carex pseudo-cyperus                    5 OBL              3    0.75    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Myrica gale                             6 OBL              3    0.75    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Larix laricina                          5 FACW             3    0.75    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Betula papyrifera                       2 FACU+            3    0.75    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Carex oligosperma                      10 OBL              1       2    0.1      0.4      0.3
         Glyceria striata                        4 OBL              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Asclepias syriaca                       1 UPL              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Lithospermum canescens                 10 UPL              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Euthamia graminifolia (Solidago)        3 FACW-            2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Lobelia kalmii                         10 OBL              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Moneses uniflora                        8 FAC              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Acer rubrum                             1 FAC              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Triadenum fraseri (Hypericum)           6 OBL              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Ilex verticillata                       5 FACW+            2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Proserpinaca palustris                  6 OBL              2    1.25    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Gentianopsis crinita (Gentiana)         8 FACW+            2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Sarracenia purpurea                    10 OBL              2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Iris versicolor.                        5 OBL              2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Solidago houghtonii                    10 OBL              2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Utricularia cornuta                    10 OBL              2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Solidago uliginosa                      4 OBL              2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Gaultheria hispidula                    8 FACW             2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Clintonia borealis                      5 FAC+             2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Andromeda glaucophylla                 10 OBL              2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2










         Cornus canadensis                       6 FAC             2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Hypericum kalmianum                    10 FACW-           2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Osmunda regalis                         5 OBL             2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Campanula aparinoides                   7 OBL             2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Cakile edentula                         5 FACU            2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Maianthemum canadense                   4 FAC             2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Cornus rugosa                           6 UPI,            2     0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Kalmia polifolia                       10 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Scirpus acutus                          5 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Eleocharis smallii                      5 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Equisetum palustre                     10 FACW            1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Epilobium angustifolium                 3 FAC             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Chimaphila umbellata                    8 UP1             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Fragaria virginiana                     2 FAC-            1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
 'N      Diervilla lonicera                      4 UPL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Satureja arkansana                     10 FACW            1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Drosera intermedia                      8 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Rosa palustris                          5 OBL             I       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Drosera linearis                       10 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Eupatorium maculatum                    4 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Carex stricta                           4 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Eriophorum virginicum                   8 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Prunus pumila                           8 UPL             1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Lonicera dioica                         5 FACU            1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Zigadenus glaucus                      10 FACW            1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Equisetum scirpoides                    7 FAC+            1       1    0.1      0.2      0.2
         Pinus resinosa                          6 FACU            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Carex paupercula                        8 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Toxicodendron radicans                  2 FAC+            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Picea glauca                            3 FACU            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Carex lacustris                         6 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Smilacina trifolia                     10 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Carex cryptolepis                      10 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Juncus effusus                          3 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Carex canescens                         8 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Tanacetum huronense                    10 facu-           1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Cornus stolonifera                      2 FACW            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Oenothera biennis                       2 FACU            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Cirsium pitcheri                       10 TJPL            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Pyrola elliptica                        6 UPL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Populus balsamifera                     2 FACW            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Lathyrus japonicus                     10 FACU-           1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Calamagrostis inexpansa                 8 FACW+           1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Rhamnus alnifolia                       8 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Muhlenbergia glomerata                 10 FACW+           1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Pyrola chlorantha                       8 FACU            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Viola renifolia                         6 FACW            1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Polygonum amphibium                     6 OBL             1    0.25    0.1      0.1      0.1
                                                                  369    228













                                  TRANSECT INVENTORY
         ACRONYM SCIENTIFIC NAME                                    COMMON NAME
         ABIBA   Abies balsamea                                     BALSAM FIR
         ACEPN   Acer pensylvanicum                                 STRIPED MAPLE; MOOSEWOOD
         ACERU   Acer rubrum                                        RED MAPLE
         AMMBR   Ammophila breviligulata                            MARRAM GRASS; BEACH GRASS
         ANDGL   Andromeda glaucophylla                             BOG ROSEMARY
         ANDSC   Andropogon scoparius                               LITTLE BLUESTEM GRASS
         ARCUV   Arctostaphylos uva-u.rsi                           BEARBERRY
         ARTCA   Artemisia campestris                               WORMWOOD
         ASCSY   Asclepias syriaca                                  COMMON MILKWEED
         BETPA   Betula papyrifera                                  PAPER BIRCH
         CAKED   Cakile edentula                                    SEA ROCKET
         CALCA   Calamagrostis canadensis                           BLUE-JOINT GRASS
         CALINB  Calamagrostis inexpansa                            BOG REEDGRASS
         CALLO   Calamovilfa longifolia                             SAND REED; DUNE REED
         CAMAP   Campanula aparinoides                              MARSH BELLFLOWER
         CXAQUA  Carex  aquatilis                                   SEDGE
         CXCANE  Carex  canescens                                   SEDGE
         CXCRYP  Carex  cryptolepis                                 SEDGE
         CXINTE  Carex  interior                                    SEDGE
         CXLACU  Carex  lacustris                                   SEDGE
         CXLASA  Carex  lasiocarpa                                  SEDGE
         CXOLGS  Carex  oligosperma                                 SEDGE
         CXPAUP  Carex  paupercula                                  SEDGE
         CXPSEU  Carex  pseudo-cyperus                              SEDGE
         CXSTRI  Carex  stricta                                     SEDGE
         CHIUM   Chimaphila umbellata                               PRINCE'S PINE; PIPSPSSEWA
         CIRPI   Cirsium pitcheri **                                PITCHER'S THISTLE
         CLAMA   Cladium mariscoides                                TWIG-RUSH
         CIACA   Claytonia caroliniana                              CAROLINA SPRING-BEAUTY
         CLIBO   Clintonia borealis                                 BLUEBEAD-LILY; CORN-LILY
         CORCAD  Cornus canadensis                                  BUNCHBERRY; DWARF CORNELL
         CORRU   Cornus rugosa                                      ROUND-LEAVED DOGWOOD
         CORSTO  Cornus stolonifera                                 RED-OSIER
         DIELO   Diervilla lonicera                                 BUSH HONEYSUCKLE
         DROIN   Drosera intermedia                                 SUNDEW
         DROLI   Drosera linearis                                   LINEAR-LEAVED SUNDEW
         DULAR   Dulichium arundinaceum                             THREE-WAY SEDGE
         ELESM   Eleocharis smallii                                 SPIKE-RUSH
         EPIRE   Epigaea repens                                     TRAILING ARBUTUS; MAYFLOWER
         EPIAN   Epilobium angustifolium                            FIREWEED; GREAT WILLOW-HERB
         EQUFL   Equisetum fluviatile                               WATER HORSETAIL
         EQUPA   Equisetum palustre.                                MARSH-HORSETAIL
         EQUSC   Equisetum scirpoides                               DWARF SCOURING RUSH
         ERIVIG  Eriophorum virginicum                              TAWNY COTTON-GRASS
         EUPMAU  Eupatorium maculatum                               JOE-PIE WEED
         EUTGR   Euthamia gTaminifolia   (Solidago)                 GRASS-LEAVED GOLDENROD
         FRAVI   Fragaria virginiaria                               WILD STRAWBERRY
         GAUHI   Gaultheria hispidula                               CREEPING SNOWBERRY
         GAUPR   Gaultheria procumbens                              WINTERGREEN
         GAYBA   Gaylussacia baccata                                HUCKLEBERRY
         GENCR   Gentianopsis crinita (Gentiana)                    FRINGED GENTIAN









         GLYST   Glyceria striata                                  FOWL MANNA GRASS
         HYPKA   Hypericum kalmianum                               KALM'S ST. JOHN'S WORT
         ILEVE   Ilex verticillata                                 WINTERBERRY; MICHIGAN HOLLY
         IRIVE   Iris versicolor                                   WILD BLUE FLAG
         JUNBA   Juncus balticus                                   R13SH
         JUNEF   Juncus effusus                                    SOFT-STEMMED RUSH
         JUNCOM  Juniperus communis                                COMMON or GROUND JUNIPER
         JUNHO   Juniperus horizontalis                            CREEPING JUNIPER
         KALPO   Kalmia polifolia                                  SWAMP-LAUREL
         LARLA   Larix laricina                                    TAMARACK; LARCH
         LATJAG  Lathyrus japonicus                                BEACH PEA
         LEDGR   Ledum groenlandicum                               LABRADOR TEA
         LINBO   Linnaea borealis                                  TWINFLOWER
         LITCAN  Lithospermum canescens                            HOARY PUCCOON
         LOBKA   Lobelia kalmii                                    BOG LOBELIA
         LONDI   Lonicera dioica                                   RED HONEYSUCKLE
         LYCAM   Lycopus americanus                                COMMON WATER HOREHOUND
         LYCUN   Lycopus uniflorus                                 NORTHERN BUGLE WEED
         MAICA   Maianthemum canadense                             CANADA MAYFLOWER; WILD OR FALS
         MELLI   Melampyrum lineare                                COW-WHEAT
         MONUNI  Moneses uniflora                                  ONE-FLOWERED PYROLA
         MUHGL   Muhlenbergia glomerata                            MARSH WILD-TIMOTHY
         MYRGA   Myrica gale                                       SWEET GALE
         OENBI   Oenothera biennis                                 COMMON EVENING-PRIMROSE
         OSMRE   Osmunda regalis                                   ROYAL FERN
         PICGL   Picea glauca                                      WHITE SPRUCE
         PICMA   Picea mariana                                     BLACK SPRUCE
         PINRE   Pinus resinosa                                    RED PINE
         PINST   Pinus strobus                                     WHITE PINE
         POLAME  Polygonum amphibiwn                               WATER SMARTWEED
         POPBA   Populus balsamifera                               BALSAM POPLAR; HACKMATACK
         POTNA   Potamogeton natans                                PONDWEED
         POTFRU  Potentilla fruticosa                              SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL
         POTPAL  Potentilla palustris                              MARSH CINQUEFOIL
         PROPA   Proserpinaca palustris                            MERMAID-WEED
         PRUPU   Prunus pumila                                     SAND CHERRY
         PTEAQ   Pteridium aquilinun                               BRACKEN FERN
         PYRCH   Pyrola chlorantha                                 SHINLEAF
         PYREL   Pyrola elliptica                                  LARGE-LEAVED SHINLEAF
         QUERU   Quercus rubra                                     RED OAK
         RHAAL   Rhamnus alnifolia                                 ALDER-LEAVED BUCKTHORN
         ROSPA   Rosa palustris                                    SWAMP ROSE
         RUBPU   Rubus pubescens                                   DWARF RASPBERRY
         SALCO   Salix cordata                                     SAND-DUNE or FURRY WILLOW
         SALMY   Salix myricoides (S. glaucophylloides)            BLUELEAF WILLOW
         SARPU   Sarracenia purpurea                               PITCHER-PLANT
         SATAR   Satureja arkansan,a                               LOW CALAMINT
         SCIAC   Scirpus acutus                                    HARDSTEM BULRUSH
         SMIST   Smilacina stellata                                STARRY FALSE SOLOMON SEAL
         SMITR   Smilacina trifolia                                FALSE MAYFLOWER
         SOLHO   Solidago houghtonii                               HOUGHTON'S GOLDENROD
         SOLULI  Solidago uliginosa                                BOG GOLDENROD
         SPAMI   Sparganium minimum                                SMALL BUR-REED
         TANHU   Tanacetum huroner.se                              LAKE HURON TANSY









        THEPA    Thelypteris palustris                           MARSH FERN
        THUOC    Thuia occidentalis                              ARBOR VITAE
        TOFOL    Tofieldia glutinosa                             FALSE ASPHODEL
        TOXRA    Toxicodendron radicans                          POISON-IVY
        TRIFR    Triadenum fraseri (Hypericum)                   MARSH ST. JOHN'S-WORT
        TRIBO    Trientalis borealis                             STARFLOWER
        TRIMA    Triglochin maritimum                            COMMON BOG ARROW-GRASS
        UTRCO    Utricularia cornuta                             HORNED BLADDERWORT
        UTRVU    Utricularia vulgaris                            GREAT BLADDERWORT
        VACMY    Vaccinium myrtilloides                          CANADA BLUEBERRY
        VACOX    Vaccinium oxycoccos                             SMALL CRANBERRY
        VIORE    Viola renifolia                                 KIDNEY-LEAVED VIOLET
        ZIGGL    Zigadenus glaucus                               WHITE CAMAS











                                                  OGONTZ BAY



         SITE:    Ogontz Bay.
         COUNTY:  Delta
         DATE:    August, 1992
         BY:      P.Comer, L.Mattei
         FILE:    qu,_ogon


                                               TRANSECT DATA,   QUADRAT
              QUAD        NC    W/Ad      NI   W/Ad          NW    W/Ad      NS      TS   N SEQ    0 SEQ
                1       5.7     5.3    21.4    20.7        -2.5    -2.0      14      15     -3.3     -2.3
                2       4.4     3.7      9.8     9.0       -4.0    -2.5       5       6     -3.8     -3.2
                3       5.3     5.3      9.2     9.2       -5.0    -5.0       3       3     -3.6     -3.1
                4       4.3     4.3    13.0    13.0        -1.7    -1.7       9       9     -3.5     -3.5
                5       5.3     5.3    23.5    23.5        -3.7    -3.7      20      20     -1.9     -1.9
                6       5.2     5.2    22.5    22.5        -0.5    -0.5      19      19     -2.1     -2.1
                7       4.6     4.6    18.5    18.5        -2.2    -2.2      16      16     -1.3     -1.3
                8       5.2     5.2    22.2    22.2        -1.2    -1.2      18      18     -1.4     -1.4
                9       5.3     5.3    24.2    24.2        -0.9    -0,9      21      21     -1.2     -1.2
               10       5.0     5.0    22.9    22.9        -1.4    -1.4      21      21     -1.2     -1.2
               11       5.1     5.1    22.8    22.8        -1.3    -1.3      20      20     -1.5     -1.5
               12       5.6     5.6    210.8   20.8        -1.9    -1.9      14      14     -1.5     -1.5
               13       5.3     5.3    1-9.1   19.1        -1.3    -1.3      13      13     -1.0     -1.0
               14       4.3     4.3    12.0    12.0         0.3     0.3       8       8     -1.3     -1.3
               15       4.6     4.6    17.4    17.4        -2.7    -2.7      14      14     -1.1     -1.1
               16       5.7     5.7    21.9    21.9        -0.9    -0.9      15      15     -1.8     -1.8
               17       5.0     5.0    20.0    20.0        -1.8    -1.8      16      16     -1.1     -1.1
               18       4.7     4.7    17.6    17.6        -0.7    -0.7      14      14     -1.3     -1.3
               19       5.1     5.1    @20.3   20.3        -1.5    -1.5      16      16     -0.8     -0.8
               20       4.2     4.2    14.4    14.4        -0.3    -o.3      12      12     -1.2     -1.2
               21       5.1     5.1    19.6    19.6        -1.7    -1.7      15      15     -0.8     -0.8
               22       4.5     4.5    15.1    15.1        -0.5    -0.5      11      11     -1.2     -1.1
               23       5.4     5.1    22.3    21.7        -1.2    -1.2      17      18     -0.7     -0.7
               24       4.8     4.8    15.2    15.2        -0.4    -0.4      10      10     -1.0     -1.0
               25       4.8     4.8    17.2    17.2        -1.3    -1.3      13      13     -1.0     -1.0
               26       5.5     5.5    20.6    20.6        -1.2    -1.2      14      14     -1.8     -1.8
               27       5.3     5.3    21.3    21.3        -3.0    -3.0      16      16     -2.2     -2.2
               28       5.0     5.0    21.8    21.8        -2.3    -2.3      19      19     -2.5     -2.5
               29       5.0     5.0    15.8    15.8        -2.1    -2.1      10      10     -1.6     -1.6
               30       5.4     5.4    20.0    20.0        -0.4    -0.4      14      14     -1.4     -1.4
               31       4.8     4.8    21.1    21.1        -1.6    -1.6      19      19     -1.0     -1.0
               32       5.5     5.5    19.7    19.7        -1.2    -1.2      13      13     -2.1     -2.1
               33       6.6     6.6    25.6    25.6        -3.5    -3.5      15      15     -2.3     -2.3


              AVG       5.1     5.0    19.1    19.0        -1.7    -1.6    14.4    14.5
              STD       0.5     0.5      4.0     4.0         1.2     1.1    4.2     4.2












                                      TRANSECT DATA, AGGREGATE
                         cc     NUMBER
                          0       4                       104 NATIVE SPECIES
                          1       3                       107 TOTAL SPECIES
                          2       8 0 to 3                5.3 NATIVE QUALITY
                          3       9   22.4%               5.2     W/Adventives
                          4     15                       54.2 NATIVE INDEX
                          5     25  4 to 6               53.5     W/Adventives
                          6     16    52.3%              -1.9 NATIVE WETNESS
                          7       6                      -1.8     W/Adventives
                          8     11  7 to 9
                          9       4   19.6%
                         10       6 10
                                       5.6%



                           PHYSIOGNOMY                  PHYSIOGNOMIC  RELATIVE IMPORTANCE VALUES
                  NATIVE        104   97.2%        PHYSIOG         FQ    Cov     RFQ     RCOV      RIV
                  Tree          10     9.3%        N Forb         187  148.75    39.2    34.4      36.8
                  Shrub         17    15.9%        N Tree         115     73     24.1    16.9      20.5
                  Vine            0    0.0%        N Shrub         78  55.25     16.4    12.8      14.6
                  Forb          47    43.9%        N Sedge         45  40.25     9.4      9.3      9.4
                  Fern          12    11.2%        N Fern          37     24     7.8      5.5      6.6
                  Sedge         12    11.2%        N Grass         12    7.5     2.5      1.7      2.1
                  Grass           6    5.6%        A Forb            3  2.25     0.6      0.5      0.6


                  ADVENTIVE       3    2.8%
                  Tree            0    0.0%
                  Shrub           0    0.0%
                  Vine            0    0.0%
                  Forb            3    2.8%
                  Sedge           0    0.0%
                  Grass           0    0.0%



                                    SPECIES RELATIVE IMPORTANCE    VALUES
         SCIENTIFIC NAME                         CC WETNESS        FQ    cov     RFQ     RCOV      RIV
         Abies balsamea                          3 FACW            27  24.25     2.7      3.4      3.1
         Coptis trifoliata (C. groenland         5 FACW            23  23.75     2.3      3.3      2.8
         Thuja occidentalis                      4 FACW            29  15.25     2.9      2.1      2.5
         Trientalis borealis                     5 FAC+            20  17.75     2.0      2.5      2.3
         Gaultheria hispidula                    8 FACW            19  14.75     1.9      2.1      2.0
         Carex trisperma                         9 OBL             17  14.75     1.7      2.1      1.9
         Viola rostrata                          6 FACU            14     15     1 * '4   2.1      1.8
         Acer rubrum                             1 FAC             17   12.5     1.7      1.8      1.7
         Linnaea borealis                        6 FAC             15  13.75     1.5      1.9      1.7
         Betula papyrifera                       2 FACU+           17     11     1.7      1.5      1.6
         Cornus canadensis                       6 FAC             15   10.5     1.5      1.5      1.5
         Mitella nuda                            8 FACW            13  10.75     1,3      1.5      1.4
         Maianthemum canadense                   4 FAC             13    8.5     1.3      1.2      1.3
         Rubus pubescens                         4 FACW+           12   8.25     1.2      1.2      1.2
         Alnus rugosa                            5 OBL               6   8.5     0.6      1.2      0.9
         Aralia nudicaulis                       5 FACU            10    5.5     1.0      0.8      0.9









        Lycopodium annotinum                   5 FAC              6      8     0.6     1.1      0.9
        Carex disperma                        10 OBL              6      8     0.6     1.1      0.9
        Polygala paucifolia                    7 FACU             8   5.75     0.8     0.8      0.8
        Dryopteris spinulosa   (D. carthu.)    5 FACW-           10      4     1.0     0.6      0.8
        Carex leptalea                         5 OBL              6    5.5     0.6     0.8      0.7
        Ledum groenlandicum                    8 OBL              7   4.75     0.7     0.7      0.7
        Picea mariana                          6 FACW            10    2.5     1.0     0.4      0.7
        Picea glauca                           3 FACU             7   3.25     0.7     0.5      0.6
        Galium circaezans                      4 FACU-            6   3.75     0.6     0.5      0.6
        Clintonia borealis                     5 FAC+             6      3     0.6     0.4      0.5
        Calamagrostis canadensis               3 OBL              5   2.75     0.5     0.4      0.4
        Rhamnus alnifolia                      8 OBL              4    2.5     0.4     0.4      0.4
        Solidago canadensis                    1 FACU             4    2.5     0.4     0.4      0.4
        Fraxinus nigra                         6 FACW+            4    2.5     0.4     0.4      0.4
        Gymnocarpium dryopteris                5 FAC              4    2.5     0.4     0.4      0.4
        Lycopus uniflorus                      2 OBL              3      3     0.3     0.4      0.4
        Thelypteris palustris                  2 FACW+            3      3     0.3     0.4      0.4
        Goodyera repens ophioides              9 FACU             4   1.75     0.4     0.2      0.3
        Cirsium muticum                        6 OBL              4   1.75     0.4     0.2      0.3
        Viola renifolia                        6 FACW             3   2.25     0.3     0.3      0.3
-N      Amelanchier spicata                    4 FACU             3   2.25     0.3     0.3      0.3
        Carex arctata                          3 UPL              3   2.25     0.3     0.3      0.3
        Carex interior                         3 OBL              4      1     0.4     0.1      0.3
        Carex stricta                          4 OBL              1      3     0.1     0.4      0.3
        Glyceria striata                       4 OBL              3    1.5     0.3     0.2      0.3
        Lycopodium clavatum                    4 FAC              3    1.5     0.3     0.2      0.3
        Smilacina trifolia                    10 OBL              2      2     0.2     0.3      0.2
J       Potentilla anserina                    5 FACW+            2      2     0.2     0.3      0.2
        Moneses uniflora                       8 FAC              2      2     0.2     0.3      0.2
        Platanthera clavellata (Habenar.)      6 facw+            3   0.75     0.3     0.1      0.2
        Botrychium virginianum                 5 FACU             3   0.75     0.3     0.1      0.2
        Vaccinium angustifolium                4 FACU             3   0.75     0.3     0.1      0.2
        Utricularia intermedia                10 OBL              1      2     0.1     0.3      0.2
        Cornus stolonifera                     2 FACW             2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Equisetum palustre                    10 FACW             2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Larix laricina                         5 FACW             2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Euthamia graminifolia (Solidago)       3 FACW-            2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Carex paupercula                       8 OBL              2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Carex canescens                        8 OBL              2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Caltha palustris                       6 OBL              2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Athyrium filix-femina                  4 FAC              2   1.25     0.2     0.2      0.2
        Diervilla lonicera                     4 UPL              2    0.5     0.2     0.1      0.1
        Impatiens capensis                     2 FACW             1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Carex lacustris                        6 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Drosera rotundifolia                   6 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Listera cordata                       10 FACW             1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Osmunda regalis                        5 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Bromus ciliatus                        6 FACW             1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Eupatorium perfoliatum                 4 FACW+            1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Juncus balticus                        4 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Scirpus americanus                     5 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Campanula aparinoides                  7 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Scirpus acutus                         5 OBL              1      1     0.1     0.1      0.1
        Triadenum fraseri (Hypericum)          6 OBL              1      1     0.1    1 0.1     0.1









         Epigaea repens                          7 UPI              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Cicuta bulbifera                        5 OBL              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Sagittaria latifolia                    1 OBL              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Lobelia kalmii                          10 OBL             1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Elymus canadensis                       7 FAC-             1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Vaccinium myrtilloides                  4 FACW-            1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Prunus pumila                           8 UPI.             1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Fragaria virginiana                     2 FAC-             1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         PRUNELLA VULGARIS                       0 FAC              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Calamagrostis inexpansa                 8 FACW+            1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Juncus pelocarpus                       8 OBL              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         CHONDRILLA JUNCEA                       0 UPI              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Epilobium angustifolium                 3 FAC              1       1    0.1      0.1      0.1
         Pyrola rotundifolia                     7 FAC-             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Osmunda cinnamomea                      5 FACW             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Onoclea sensibilis                      2 FACW             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Pyrola elliptica                        6 UPI,             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Carex intumescens                       3 FACW+            1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Rumex orbiculatus                       9 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Cinna latifolia                         5 FACW+            1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Salix candida                           9 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Myrica gale                             6 OBL              1   0.25     0.1               0.1
         Eupatorium maculatum                    4 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Galium aparine                          0 FACU             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Smilacina racemosa                      5 FACU             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Galium labradoricum                     8 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Quercus rubra                           5 FACU             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Lysimachia thyrsiflora                  6 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Populus balsamifera                     2 FACW             1   0.25     @0.1     0.0      0.1
         Gaultheria procumbens                   5 FACU             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Scutellaria galericulata                5 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         VERBENA CANADENSIS                      0 upl              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Epilobium ciliatum                      3 FACU             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Smilacina stellata                      5 FAC-             1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Equisetum fluviatile                    7 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Juncus nodosus                          5 OBL              1   0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
         Lonicera canadensis                     5 FACU             -1  0.25     0.1      0.0      0.1
                                                                   510     351


                                    TRANSECT INVENTORY
         ACRONYM  SCIENTIFIC NAME                                     COMMON NAME
         ABIBA    Abies balsamea                                      BALSAM FIR
         ACERU    Acer rubrum                                         RED MAPLE
         ALNRU    Alnus rugosa                                        SPECKLED ALDER; TAG ALDER
         AMESP    Amelanchier spicata                                 SHADBUSH SERVICEBERRY
         ARANU    Aralia nudicaulis                                   WILD SARSAPARILLA
         ATHFI    Athyrium filix-femina                               LADY FERN
         BETPA    Betula papyrifera                                   PAPER BIRCH
         BOTVI    Botrychium virginianum                              RATTLESNAKE FERN
         BROCI    Bromus ciliatus                                     FRINGED BROME
         CALCA    Calamagrostis canadensis                            BLUE-JOINT GRASS
         CALINB   Calamagrostis inexpansa                             BOG REEDGRASS
         CALTPA Caltha palustris                                      MARSH MARIGOLD; COWSLIP
         CAMAP    Campanula aparinoides                               MARSH BELLFLOWER












        CXARTT   Carex arctata                                     SEDGE
        CXCANE   Carex canescens                                   SEDGE
        CXDISP   Carex disperma                                    SEDGE
        CXINTE   Carex interior                                    SEDGE
        CXINTU   Carex intumescens                                 SEDGE
        CXLACU   Carex lacustris                                   SEDGE
        CXLEPL   Carex leptalea                                    SEDGE
        CXPAUP   Carex paupercula                                  SEDGE
        CXSTRI   Carex stricta                                     SEDGE
        CXTRIS   Carex trisperma                                   SEDGE
        CHOJU    CHONDRILLA JUNCEA                                 SKELETON-WEED
        CICBU    Cicuta bulbifera                                  WATER HEMLOCK
        CINLA    Cinna latifolia                                   WOOD WEEDGRASS
        CIRMU    Cirsium muticum                                   SWAMP-THISTLE
        CLIBO    Clintonia borealis                                BLUEBEAD-LILY; CORN-LILY
        COPTRG   Coptis trifoliata  (C. groenlandica)              GOLDTHREAD
        CORCAD   Cornus canadensis                                 BUNCHBERRY; DWARF CORNELL
        CORSTO   Cornus stolonifera                                RED-bsIER
        DIELO    Diervilla lonicera                                BUSH HONEYSUCKLE
        DRORO    Drosera rotundifolia                              ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW
        DRYSP    Dryopteris spinulosa  (D. carthusiana)            SPINULOSE WOODFERN
        ELYCA    Elymus canidensis                                 CANADA WILD-RYE
        EPIRE    Epigaea repens                                    TRAILING ARBUTUS; MAYFLOWER
        EPIAN    Epilobium angustifclium                           FIREWEED; GREAT WILLOW-HERB
        EPICI    Epilobium ciliatum                                WILLOW-HERB
        EQUFL    Equisetum fluviatil.e                             WATER HORSETAIL
        EQUPA    Equisetum palustre                                MARSH-HORSETAIL
        EUPMAU   Eupatorium maculatuan                             JOE-PIE WEED
        EUPPER   Eupatorium perfolLELtUM                           COMMON BONESET
        EUTGR    Euthamia graminifolia (Solidago)                  GRASS-LEAVED GOLDENROD
        FRAVI    Fragaria virginiana                               WILD STRAWBERRY
        FRANI    Fraxinus nigra                                    BLACK ASH
        GAIAP    Galium aparine                                    ANNUAL BEDSTRAW
        GALCIR   Galium circaezans                                 WHITE WILD LICORICE
        GALIAB   Galium labradoricum                               BOG BEDSTRAW
        GAUHI    Gaultheria hispidula                              CREEPING SNOWBERRY
        GAUPR    Gaultheria procumbens                             WINTERGREEN
        GLYST    Glyceria striata                                  FOWL MANNA GRASS
        GOOREO   Goodyera repens ophioides                         CREEPING or LESSER RATTLESNAKE PIA
        GYMDR    Gymnocarpium dryopteris                           OAK FERN
        IMPCA    Impatiens capensis                                SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT
        JUNBA    Juncus balticus                                   RUSH
        JUNNO    Juncus nodosus                                    JOINT RUSH
        JUNPE    Juncus pelocarpus                                 BROWN-FRUITED RUSH
        LARLA    Larix laricina                                    TAMARACK; LARCH
        LEDOR    Ledum groenlandicum                               LABRADOR TEA
        LINBO    Linnaea borealis                                  TWINFLOWER
        LISCOR   Listera cordata                                   HEARTLEAF TWAYBIADE
        LOBKA    Lobelia kalmii                                    BOG LOBELIA
        LONCAN   Lonicera canadensis                               AMERICAN FLY HONEYSUCKLE
        LYCAN    Lycopodium annotinum                              STIFF CLUBMOSS
        LYCCL    Lycopodium clavatum                               RUNNING GROUND PINE
        LYCUN    Lycopus uniflorus                                 NORTHERN BUGLE  WEED
        LYSTH    Lysimachia thyrsiflora                            TUFTED LOOSESTRIFE










        MAICA    Maianthemum canadense                            CANADA MAYFLOWER; WILD OR FALSE LI
        MITNU    Mitella nuda                                     NAKED MITERWORT
        MONUNI   Moneses uniflora                                 ONE-FLOWERED PYROLA
        MYRGA    Myrica gale                                      SWEET GALE
        ONOSE    Onoclea sensibilis                               SENSITIVE FERN
        OSMCI    Osmunda cinnamomea                               CINNAMON FERN
        OSMRE    Osmunda regalis.                                 ROYAL FERN
        PICGL    Picea glauca                                     WHITE SPRUCE
        PICMA    Picea mariana                                    BLACK SPRUCE
        PLACL    Platanthera clavellata (Habenaria)              CLUB-SPUR ORCHID; SM. GREEN WOOD-OR
        POLPA    Polygala paucifolia                              FLOWERING-WINTERGREEN; FRINGED POL
        POPBA    Populus balsamifera                              BALSAM POPLAR; HACKMATACK
        POTAN    Potentilla anserina                              SILVERWEED
        PRUVU    PRUNELIA VULGARIS                                LAWN PRUNELLA
        PRUPU    Prunus pumila                                    SAND CHERRY
        PYREL    Pyrola elliptica                                 LARGE-LEAVED SHINLEAF
        PYRRO    Pyrola rotundifolia                              ROUND-LEAVED PYROLA
        QUERU    Quercus rubra                                    RED OAK
        RHAAL    Rhamnus alnifolia                                ALDER-LEAVED BUCKTHORN
        RUBPU    Rubus pubescens                                  DWARF RASPBERRY
        RUMOR    Rumex orbiculatus                                GREAT WATER DOCK
        SAGLA    Sagittaria latifolia                             COMMON ARROWHEAD
        SALCA    Salix candida                                    SAGE or HOARY WILLOW
        SCIAC    Scirpus acutus                                   HARDSTEM BULRUSH
        SCIAM    Scirpus americanus                               THREE-SQUARE; BULRUSH
        SCUCA    Scutellaria galericulata                         COMMON SKULLCAP
        SMIRA    Smilacina racemosa                               FALSE SPIKENARD
        SMIST    Smilacina stellata                               STARRY FALSE SOLOMON SEAL
        SMITR    Smilacina trifolia                               FALSE MAYFLOWER
        SOLCAN   Solidago canadensis                              CANADA GOLDENROD
        THEPA    Thelypteris palustris                            MARSH FERN
        THUOC    Thuja occidentalis                               ARBOR VITAE
        TRIFR    Triadenum fraseri (Hypericum)                    MARSH ST. JOHN'S-WORT
        TRIBO    Trientalis borealis                              STARFLOWER
        UTRINT   Utricularia interMedia                           FLAT-LEAVED BLADDERWORT
        VACAN    Vaccinium angustifolium                          BLUEBERRY
        VACMY    Vaccinium myrtilloides                           CANADA BLUEBERRY
        VERCA    VERBENA CANADENSIS                               CANADIAN VERVAIN
ft      VIORE    Viola renifolia                                  KIDNEY-LEAVED VIOLET
        VIORO    Viola rostrata                                   LONG-SPURRED VIOLET











                                                     GRAND TRAVERSE BAY


           SITE:      Grand Traverse Bay
           COUNTY:    Houghton
           DATE:      August, 1992
           BY:        P.Comer, D.Albert
           FILE:      QU_GTRAV

                                                         TRANSECT DATA,       QUADRAT
                QUAD           NC     W/Ad         NI    W/Ad             NW     W/Ad        NS        TS     N SEQ      0 SEQ
                   1         7.6       7.6     17.0      17.0           4.6       4.6          5        5        3.8        3.7
                   2         5.1       4.3     16.9      15.5           2.9       2.8        11        13        3.6        3.5
                   3         5.1       5.1     16.9      16.9           3.2       3.2        11        11        2.5        2.5
                   4         3.9       3.9     11.7      11.7           1.6       1.6          9        9        0.9        0.9
                   5         4.2       4.2     14.4      14.4          -1.9      -1.9        12        12      -1.4        -1.4
                   6         5.6       5.6     16.7      16.7          -3.9      -3.9          9        9      -3.2        -3.0
                   7         7.1       6.3     20.2      19.0          -3.8      -3.1          8        9      -3.6        -3.4
                   8         6.8       6.8     16.7      16.7          -3.2      -3.2          6        6      -4.0        -3.8
                   9         6.6       6.6     18.7      18.7          -5.0      -5.0          8        8      -4.1        -3.9
                  10         8.2       7.5     27.1      26.0          -4.1      -3.6        11        12      -4.7        -4.5
                  11         7.7       7.7     20.4      20.4          -5.0      -5.0          7        7      -4.7        -4.5
                  12         7.7-      7.7     25.6      25.6          -5.0      -5.0        11        11      -4.9        -4.9
                  13         7.8       7.8     21.9      21.9          -4.8      -4.8          8        8      -4.8        -4.8
                  14         8.3       8.3     26.2      26.2          -4.6      -4.6        10        10      -4.3        -4.3
                  15         6.6       6.6     24.9      24.9          -3.6      -3.6        14        14      -3.5        -3.5
                  16         5.8       5.8     21.1      21.1          -2.3      -2.3        13        13      -3.1        -3.1
                  17         6.6       6.6     18.7      18.7          -3.5      -3.5          8        8      -1.6        -1.6
                  18         5.0       5.0     15.0      15.0           1.1       1.1          9        9      -2.1        -2.1
                  19         8.6       8.6     27.2      27.2          -4.0      -4.0        10        10      -0.8        -0.8
                  20         5.1       5.1     15.3      15.3           0.6       0.6          9        9      -2.7        -2.7
                  21         7.8       7.8     30.2      30.2          -4.5      -4.5        15        15      -0.3        -0.3
                  22         4.7       4.7     12.5      12.5           3.0       3.0          7        7      -0.7        -0.7
                  23         8.0       8.0     16.0      16.0          -.0.5     -0.5          4        4      -0.2        -0.2
                  24         7.5       7.5     18.4      18.4          -3.0      -3.0          6        6      -0.2        -0.2
                  25         4.4       4.4        9.8      9.8          2.8       2.8          5        5      -0.1        -0.1
                  26         8.0       8.0     11.3      11.3           0.0       0.0          2        2        0.2        0.2
                  27         5.5       5.5     18.1      18.1          -2.2      -2.2        11        11      -0.5        -0.5
                  28         5.0       5.0     15.8      15.8           0.8       0.8        10        10      -1.7        -1.7
                  29         6.5       6.5     18.4      18.4          -3.6      -3.6          8        8      -1.8        -1.8
                  30         7.3       7.3     14.5      14.5          -2.5      -2.5          4        4      -1.9        -1.9
                  31         5.3       5.3     1.6.0     16.0           0.3       0.3          9        9      -2.4        -2.4
                  32         7.0       7.0     1.8.5     18.5          -5.0      -5.0          7        7      -2.2        -2.2
                  33         6.1       6.1     1.6.3     16.3          -2.0      -2.0          7        7      -1.6        -1.6
                  34         5.0       5.0     1.5.0     15.0           2.3       2.3          9        9      -0.7        -0.7
                  35         7.3       7.3     1.4.5     14.5          -2.5      -2.5          4        4      -1.2        -1.2
                  36         8.5       8.5     20.8      20.8          -3.3      -3.3          6               -1.7        -1.7
                  37         5.7       5.7     1.8.0     18.0           0.8       0.8        10        10      -2.0        -2.0
                  38         8.0       8.0     1.9.6     19.6          -3.3      -3.3          6        6      -2.0        -2.0
                  39         6.6       6.6     1.7.4     17.4          -3.4      -3.4          7        7      -1.8        -1.8
                  40         5.2       5.2     1.5.7     15.7           1.3       1.3          9        9      -1.7        -1,7
                  41         8.2       8.2     24.7      24.7          -3.0      -3.0          9        9      -0.3        -0.3
                  42         5.0       5.0     1.4.1     14.1           0.9       0.9          8        8      -1.1        -1.1


                 AVG         6.5       6.4     1.8.3     18.2          -1.6      -1.6        8.4       8.5
                 STD         1.3       1.3        4.5      4.5          2.8       2.7        2.7       2.8











                                      TRANSECT DATA, AGGREGATE
                        cc      NUMBER
                         0       4                         66 NATIVE SPECIES
                         1       2                         69 TOTAL SPECIES
                         2       0 0 to 3                6.3  NATIVE QUALITY
                         3       5    15.9%              6.0     W/Adventives
                         4       9                      51.2  NATIVE INDEX
                         5      11 4  to 6              50.1     W/Adventives
                         6      10    43.5%             -2.0  NATIVE WETNESS
                         7       4                      -1.8     W/Adventives
                         8      10 7  to 9
                         9       0    20.3%
                        10      14 10
                                      20.3%



                          PHYSIOGNOMY                  PHYSIOGNOMIC   RELATIVE IMPORTANCE VALUES
                  NATIVE        66    95.7%        PHYSIOG        FQ      COV    RFQ     RCOV      RIV
                  Tree           6     8.7%        N Shrub       145   143.75   40.7     42.5      41.6
                  Shrub         20    29.0%        N Forb         71       47   19.9     13.9      16.9
                  Vine           0     0.0%        N Sedge        51   59.75    14.3     17.7      16.0
                  Forb          20    29.0%        N Tree         49    17.5    13.8      5.2      9.5
                  Fern           3     4.3%        N Grass        22       18    6.2      5.3      5.8
                  Sedge         13    18.8%        N Fern         14    18.5     3.9      5.5      4.7
                  Grass          4     5.8%        A Forb           2   1.25     0.6      0.4      0.5
                  ADVENTIVE      3     4.3%        A Grass          2   1.25     0.6      0.4      0.5
                  Tree           0     0.0%
                  Shrub          0     0.0%
                  Vine           0     0.0%
                  Forb           2     2.9%
                  Sedge          0     0.0%
                  Grass          1     1.4%



                                   SPECIES  RELATIVE IMPORTANCE   VALUES
         SCIENTIFIC NAME                        CC WETNESS        FQ      Cov    RFQ     RCOV      RIV
         Chamaedaphne calyculata                 8 OBL            22   25.25     2.9      4.1      3.5
         Carex oligocarpa *                      8 UPI,           16   27.25     2.1      4.4      3.3
         Vaccinium angustifolium                 4 FACU           14   25.25     1.9      4.1      3.0
         Ledum groenlandicum                     8 OBL            14       15    1.9      2.4      2.1
         Pteridium aquilinum                     0 FACU           11   16.25     1.5      2.6      2.0
         Calamagrostis canadensis                3 OBL            14   11.25     1.9      1.8      1.8
         Myrica gale                             6 OBL            12   12.25     1.6      2.0      1.8
         Betula pumila                          10 OBL            15    9.25     2.0      1.5      1.7
         Melampyrum lineare                      6 FAC-           12    10.5     1.6      1.7      1.6
         Gaultheria procumbens                   5 FACU             9      9     1.2      1.4      1.3
         Iris versicolor                         5 OBL            11    7.25     1.5      1.2      1.3
         Pinus banksiana                         5 facu           15    3.75     2.0      0.6      1.3
         Pinus resinosa                          6 FACU           13    3.25     1.7      0.5      1.1
         Carex exilis                           10 OBL              6      9     0.8      1.4      1.1
         Picea mariana                           6 FACW           11    4.25     1.5      0.7      1.1
         Andromeda glaucophylla                 10 OBL              7      7     0.9      1.1      1.0
         Alnus rugosa                            5 OBL              8      6     1.1      1.0      1.0
         Kalmia polifolia                       10 OBL              8   5.75     1.1      0.9      1.0









         Rubus pubescens                        4 FACW+           8   5.75    1.1      0.9      1.0
         Cornus canadensis                      6 FAC             7    5.5    0.9      0.9      0.9
         Epigaea repens                         7 upl             8   4.25    1.1      0.7      0.9
         Aster nemoralis                      10  OBL             6    4.5    0.8      0.7      0.8
         Aronia prunifolia (A. melanocar.)      5 FACW            6    4.5    0.8      0.7      0.8
         Maianthemum canadense                  4 FAC             5      5    0.7      0.8      0.7
         Sarracenia purpurea                  10  OBL             7   3.25    0.9      0.5      0.7
         Salix pedicellaris                     8 UPL,OBL         6   3.75    0.8      0.6      0.7
         Arctostaphylos uva-ursi                8 UP1             2      7    0.3      1.1      0.7
         Amelanchier interior                   4 UPL             5   4.25    0.7      0.7      0.7
         Carex lasiocarpa                     10  OBL             4   4.25    0.5      0.7      0.6
         Carex stricta                          4 OBL             3      4    0.4      0.6      0.5
         Deschampsia flexuosa                   6 upl             3      4    0.4      0.6      0.5
         Rhynchospora alba                      6 OBL             4    2.5    0.5      0.4      0.5
         Carex interior                         3 OBL             3      3    0.4      0.5      0.4
         Carex michauxiana                    10  OBL             4   1.75    0.5      0.3      0.4
         Carex pensylvanica                     4 UPI,            3   2.25    0.4      0.4      0.4
         Larix laricina                         5 FACW            4      1    0.5      0.2      0.3
         Danthonia spicata                      4 UPI,            3    1.5    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Solidago uliginosa                     4 OBL             3    1.5    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Carex chordorrhiza                   10  OBL             3    1.5    0.4      0.2      0.3
         Carex retrorsa                         3 OBL             2      2    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Drosera rotundifolia                   6 OBL             2      2    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Trientalis borealis                    5 FAC+            2      2    0.3      0.3      0.3
         Potentilla palustris                 10  OBL             3   0.75    0.4      0.1      0.3
         Menyanthes trifoliata                  8 OBL             2   1.25    0.3      0.2      0.2
         POA COMPRESSA                          0 FACTJ+          2   1.25    0.3      0.2      0.2
         Ammophila breviligulata              10  UPL             2   1.25    0.3      0.2      0..2
         Equisetum fluviatile                   7 OBL             2   1.25    0.3      0.2      0.2
         Spiraea alba                           4 FACW+           2    0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Smilacina trifolia                   10  OBL             2    0.5    0.3      0.1      0.2
         Vaccinium macrocarpon                  8 OBL             1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Lycopodium obscurum                    5 FACU            1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         RUMEX ACETOSELIA                       0 FAC             1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Carex limosa                         10  OBL             1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Coptis trifoliata (C. groen.land.)     5 FACW            1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Rubus allegheniensis                   1 FACU+           1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Vaccinium oxycoccos                    8 OBL             1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Populus tremuloides                    1 FAC             1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Carex aquatilis                        7 OBL             1      1    0.1      0.2      0.1
         Juncus articulatus                     3 OBL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM                  0 UPL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Scirpus cespitosus                   10  OBL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Triadenum fraseri (Hypericum)          6 OBL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Solidago rugosa                        3 FAC+            1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Comandra umbellata                     5 FACU            1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Lysimachia thyrsiflora                 6 OBL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Prunus pumila                          8 UPL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Salix pyrifolia                        8 FACW+           1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Campanula aparinoides                  7 OBL             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
         Artemisia campestris                   5 fac             1   0.25    0.1      0.0      0.1
                                                                398    307














                                 TRANSECT INVENTORY
        ACRONYM SCIENTIFIC NAME                                  COMMON NAME
        ALNRU   Alnus rugosa                                     SPECKLED ALDER; TAG ALDER
        AMEIN   Amelanchier interior                             SERVICEBERRY
        AMMBR   Ammophila breviligulata                          MARRAM CRASS; BEACH GRASS
        ANDGL   Andromeda glaucophylla                           BOG ROSEMARY
        ARCUV   Arctostaphylos uva-ursi                          BEARBERRY
        AROPR   Aronia prunifolia (A. melanocarpa)               BLACK CHOKEBERRY
        ARTCA   Artemisia campestris                             WORMWOOD
        ASTNEM  Aster nemoralis                                  BOG ASTER
        BETPU   Betula pumila                                    BOG BIRCH
        CALCA   Calamagrostis canadensis                         BLUE-JOINT GRASS
        CAMAP   Campanula aparinoides                            MARSH   BELLFLOWER
F4      CXAQUA  Carex  aquatilis                                 SEDGE
        CXCHOR  Carex  chordorrhiza                              SEDGE
        CkEXIL  Carex  exilis                                    SEDGE
        CXINTE  Carex  interior                                  SEDGE
        CXLASA  Carex  lasiocarpa                                SEDGE
        CXLIMO  Carex  limosa                                    BOG SEDGE
        CXMICH  Carex  michauxiana                               SEDGE
        CXOLGC  Carex  oligocarpa                                SEDGE
        CXPENS  Carex  pensylvanica                              SEDGE
        CXRETS  Carex  retrorsa                                  SEDGE
        CXSTRI  Carex  stricta                                   SEDGE
        CHACA   Chamaedaphne calyculata                          LEATHERLEAF
        COMUM   Comandra umbellata                               BASTARD-TOADFLAX; STAR-TOAD FLAX
        COPTRG  Coptis trifoliata (C. groenlandica)              GOLDTHREAD
        CORCAD  Cornus canadensis                                BUNCHBERRY; DWARF CORNELL
        DANSP   Danthonia spicata                                POVERTY GRASS, OATGRASS
        DESFL   Deschampsia flexuosa                             HAIR GRASS
        DRORO   Drosera rotundifolia                             ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW
        EPIRE   Epigaea repens                                   TRAILING ARBUTUS; MAYFLOWER
        EQUFL   Equisetum fluviatile                             WATER HORSETAIL
        GAUPR   Gaultheria procumbens                            WINTERGREEN
        HIEAU   HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM                            ORANGE HAWKWEED
        IRIVE   Iris versicolor                                  WILD BLUE FLAG
        JUNAR   Juncus articulatus                               JOINTED RUSH
        KALPO   Kalmia polifolia                                 SWAMP-LAUREL
        LARIA   Larix laricina                                   TAMARACK; LARCH
        LEDGR   Ledum groenlandicum                              LABRADOR TEA
        LYCOB   Lycopodium obscurum                              GROUND-PINE
        LYSTH   Lysimachia thyrsiflora                           TUFTED LOOSESTRIFE
        MAICA   Maianthemum canadense                            CANADA MAYFLOWER; WILD OR FALSE LI
        MELLI   Melampyrum lineare                               COW-WHEAT
        MENTR   Menyanthes trifoliata                            BUCKBEAN
        MYRGA   Myrica gale                                      SWEET GALE
        PICMA   Picea mariana                                    BLACK SPRUCE
        PINBA   Pinus banksiana                                  JACK PINE
        PINRE   Pinus resinosa                                   RED PINE
        POACO   POA COMPRESSA                                    CANADA BLUEGRASS
        POPTR   Populus tremuloides                              QUAKING ASPEN
        POTPAL  Potentilla palustris                             MARSH CINQUEFOIL
        PRUPU   Prunus pumila                                    SAND CHERRY
        PTEAQ   Pteridium aquilinum                              BRACKEN FERN
        RHYAL   Rhynchospora alba                                BEAK-RUSH








         RUBAL   Rubus allegheniensis                              COMMON BLACKBERRY
         RUBPU   Rubus pubescens                                   DWARF RASPBERRY
         RURACL  RUMEX ACETOSELLA                                  SHEEP or RED SORREL
         SALPED  Salix pedicellaris                                BOG WILLOW
         SALPY   Salix pyrifolia                                   BALSAM WILLOW
         SARPU   Sarracenia purpurea                               PITCHER-PLANT
         SCICE   Scirpus cespitosus                                BULRUSH
         SMITR   Smilacina trifolia                                FALSE MAYFLOWER
         SOLRU   Solidago rugosa                                   ROUGH GOLDENROD
         SOLULI  Solidago uliginosa                                BOG GOLDENROD
         SPIAL   Spiraea alba                                      READOWSWEET
         TRIFR   Triadenum fraseri (Hypericum)                     MARSH ST. JOHN'S-WORT
         TRIBO   Trientalis borealis                               STARFLOWER
         VACAN   Vaccinium angustifolium                           BLUEBERRY
         VACMA   Vaccinium macrocarpon                             LARGE CRANBERRY
         VACOX   Vaccinium oxycoccos                               SMALL CRANBERRY






 b






 10





 k





 p






 5

                                    APPENDICK V


               MEAN FREQUENCY DATA FOR VASCULAR PLANTS AND MOSSES


 .01          FOUND IN MICHIGAN'S WOODED DUNE AND SWALE COMPLEXES













 j















                                        147




 1













                                               RELATIVE FREMENCY FOR VASCULAR PLANTS AM MOSSES
                                                            IN WETLAND AND UPLAND

                        The following List includes all vasuLar plants, bryophytes, and algae found within Michigan's Wooded
               Dune and Swale Complexes, along with their reLative frequency in wetLand and upland sample points. State-wide,
               a total of 470 sample points were designated as wettand, white 488 sample points were designated as upland.
               species which contain no vaLues for either category were recorded as present within a complex, but were not
               encountered within a specific sample point.



                                                                   WETLAND                UPLAND


                   VASCULM PLANTS-.
                   Abies baLsamea                              0.170517322          0.293959678
                   Acer pensyLvanicum                         0.0132104737         0.0239455879
                   Acer rubrLmn                               0.2101164212         0.3980279994
                   Acer saccharLin                            0.0023310023         0.0023310023
                   Acer spicatum                              0.0066391941         0.0020066294
                   Achillea miLLefoLium                       0.0004930966         0.0009157509
                   Actsea rubra                                            0                    0
                   Actaea spp.                                0.0010683761                      0
                   Adiantum pedatum                           0.0010683761                      0
                   AgaLinis purpurea                          0.0010683761                      0
                   Agrimonia gryposepata                                   0                    0
                  .Agropyron dasystachyum                     0.0026298488         0.0019723866
                   Agropyron trachycauLLin                                 0       0.0028693529
                   Agropyron repens                                        0       0.0002374169
                   Agrostis gigantea                                       0       0.0042735043
                   Agrostis hyemaLis                                       0       0.0032051282
                   Agrostis perennans                         0.0139374514         0.0005827506
                   Atisima pLantago-aquatica                  0.0018243615                      0
                   ALnus rugosa                               0.3638709155         0.0590467113
                   ALopercurus sequaLis                                    0                    0
                   Ambrosia arternisiifoLia                   0.0009157509          0.000400641
                   AmeLanchier arborea                        0.0032288699         0.0231707965
                   AmeLanchier interior                       0.0040750916          0.035952554
                   Ametanchier taevis                                      0       0.0004930966
                   AneLanchier spicata                        0.0072140039         0.0223836105
                   AmeLanchier spp.                            0.000534188         0.0118587058
                   AmmophiLa brevitiguLata                     0.001215131         0.0242676068
                   Anaphatis margaritacea                                  0                    0
                   Andromeda gLaucophytta                     0.0371835998          0.002014652
                   Andropogon gerardii                                     0                    0
                   Andropogon scoparius                                    0       0.0007777149
                   Andropogon virginica                                    0       O.OD42735043
                   Anemone canadensis                                      0       0.0002374169
                   Apocynum cannabinum                                     0       0.0005426672
                   Aquitegia canadensis                                    0       0.0003770739
                   Arabis Lyrata                              0.0019723866         0.0028425571
                   AraLia nudicauLis                          0.0574338125         0.1727481548
                   ArctostaphyLos uva-ursi                    0.0029996713         0.0376669772
                   Arethusa buLbosa                                        0                    0
                   Arisaema triphyLLum                        0.0036630037                      0
                   Aronia meLano                              0.0107174989         0.0074786325
                   Aronia prunifoLia                          0.0211775878         0.0067460317
                   Artemisia campestris                       0.0019723866         0.0087950244
                   Asclepias incarnata                                     0                    0
                   AscLepias syriaca                                       0                    0
                   Aster  borealis                                         0                    0
                   Aster  ericoides                           0.0082417582                      0
                   Aster  taevis                                           0                    0
                   Aster  LongifoLius                         0.0019723866                      0
                   Aster  macrophyLlus                        0.0145792242         0.0559689629
                   Aster  nemoratis                           0.0074946983                      0
                   Aster  pitosus                              0.002374169         0.0006410256
                   Aster  puniceus                            0.0042900164         0.0003373819
                   Aster  umbeLLatus                          0.0040084185         0.0048076923
                   Aster  spo.                                0.0137342287                      0
                   Athyrfum fiLix-femina                      0.0436409935         0.0017806268


                                                                         148











                     Athyriun theLypteroides                     0.000534188                       0
                     Berberis thunbergii                                     0                     0
                     Betuta alleghaniansis                       0.0020242915         0.0036130536
                     Betuta papyrifera                           0.0450811008         0.0528067931
                     Betula pumiLa                                 0.03204259                      0
                     Sidens cernua                               0.0207961554         0.0008012821
                     Bidens spp.                                 0.0026709402                      0
                     Boehmeria cyLindrica                        0.0114678531                      0
                     Rotrychiksn dissectum                       0.0005827506                      0
                     Botrychium muLtificlum                      0.0027472527                      0
                     Botrychitzn virginianun                     0.0129212454          0.002107075
                     BrachyeLytrLmn erectum                      0.0005827506                      0
                     Brasenia schreberi                                      0                     0
                     Bromus ciLiatus                             0.0015598291                      0
                     Bromus inermus                                          0                     0
                     Cakile edentuLa                                         0        0.0007058913
                     CaLamagrostis canadensis                    0.2087808003         0.0402372528
                     Calamagrostis inexpansa                     0.0041971917                      0
                     CaLamoviLfa Longifolia                      0.0004930966         0.0053003324
                     Catta patustris                             0.0108736942         0.0026362526
                     Cattitriche verna                           0.0002374169                      0
                     Caltha paLustris                            0.0196865575                      0
                     Campanula aparinoides                       0.0312857952                      0
                     CamparviLa rotundifoLia                     0.003944M2           0.0071225071
                     Cardamine pensyLvanica                      0.0009157509                      0
                     Carex  aLata                                0.0011870845                      0
                     Carex  aquatitis                            0.0480157129         0.0071807199
                     Carex  arctata                              0.0057988166         0.03"966762
                     Carex  attantica                            0.0009861933                      0
                     Carex  aurea                                0.0042324129                      0
                     Carex  bebbii                               0.0112942613                      0
                     Carex  bromides                                         0                     0
                     Carex  brunnescens                          0.0064853641         0.0006410256
                     Carex  buxbaumii                              0.00087157                      0
                     Carex  canescens                            0.0198662093         0.0026362526
                     Carex  chordorrhiza                         0.0067592414                      0
                     Carex  communis                                         0                     0
                     Carex  comosa                               0.0079183103         0.0008012821
                     Carex  crinita                              0.0068659411                      0
                     Carex  cristateLLa                          0.0014792899                      0
                     Carex  cryptolepis                          0.0298640462          0.004040404
                     Carex  cuputina                                         0                     0
                     Carex  debitis rudgei                       0.0009496676                      0
                     Carex  deweyana                             0.0014792899         0.0004930966
                     Carex  diindra                              0.0044871795         0.0046620047
                     Carex  disperma                             0.0463253208         0.0081908832
                     Carex  eburnea                              0.0064102564                      0
                     Carex  exitis                               0.0179246192                      0
                     Carex  f(ava                                0.0048076923                      0
                     Carex  foLlicuLata                          0.0023D97685                      0
                     Carex  grasiLLima                           0.0028846154                      0
                     Carex  gynandra                             0.0106357967                      0
                     Carex  gynocrates                           0.0025641026         0.0003052503
                     Carex  howei                                0.0009861933                      0
                     Carex  hystericina                                      0                     0
                     Carex  interior                             0.057128531           0.008974359
                     Carex  intumescens                          0.0201994201         0.0069383833
                     Carex  Lacustris                            0.0633335254         0.0007122507
                     Carex  lasiocarpa                           0.0823T73021                      0
                     Carex  LeptaLea                             0.0780648431          0.004985755
                     Carex  Leptonervia                          0.0042735043         0.0019723866
                     Carex  Limosa                               0.0155881156                      0
                     Carex  lupiLina                             0.0015689439                      0
                     Carex  michauxiana                          0.0016025641                      0
                     Carex  normatis                             0.0016619183         0.0003052503
                     Carex  oLigosperma                          0.1267119901         0.0023310023
                     Carex  paupercuta                           0.0186506083                      0
                     Carex  peclunculate                         0.0192307692         0.0036309844
                     Carex  pensylvanica                         0.0106567578         0.0600481488


                                                                           149











                    Carex  pseudo-cyperus                      0.0325316659                      0
                    Car"   retrorsa                            0.0330205289         0.0003052503
                    Carex  rostrata                            0.0171341005                      0
                    Carex  spp.                                0.0068490537         0.0014245014
                    Carex  sprengelii                          0.0009157509         0.0004273504
                    Carex  steritis                                         0                    0
                    Carex  stipata                             0.0069338781         0.0003052503
                    Carex  stricta                             0.1065647456         0.0255393167
                    Carex  tenera                              0.0029083571                      0
                    Carex  tenuiftora                                       0                    0
                    Carex  trisperme                           0.1096289598         0.0213043901
                    Carex  tuckermanii                         0.0045234168                      0
                    Carex  vesicaria                           0.0258784425                      0
                    Carex  viridula                                         0         0.001405758
                    Carex  vuLpinoidea                         0.0014985015                      0
                    CeLastrus scandens                                      0                    0
                    Centauria macutosa                                      0                    0
                    Centaurea spp.                                          0                    0
                    Cephatenthus.occidentatis                  0.0066343912                      0
                    Cerastium arvense                          0.0019723866                      0
                    Chamaedaphne calyculata                    0.2312781401           0.006990232
                    Chelone giabra                             0.0002374169                      0
                    Chimaphila umbeltata                       0.0021367521         0.0140726648
                    ChondrMa juncea                                         0                    0
                    Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum                              0                    0
                    Cicuta butbifera                           0.0230754217         0.0005827506
                    Cicuta macutata                            0.0022435897                      0
                    Cinna tatifoLis                            0.0032370716                      0
                    Circaea atpina                             0.0079178538                      0
                    Cirsium arvense                            0.0003373819                      0
                    Cirsium muticum                            0.0100620676                      0
                    Cirsjum pitcheri                                        0                    0
                    CLadium mariscoides                        0.0252095661         0.0048076923
                    Ciematis virginiana                        0.0021367521                      0
                    CLintonia boreaLis                         O.D481724463         0.0623051981
                    Comandra umbeLtata                                      0       0.0166825277
                    ConophoLis americana                                    0                    0
                    Coptis trifolia                            0.1011482812         0.1258524735
                    CoraLlorhiza maculata                      0.0028490028                      0
                    Corallorhiza trifida                                    0                    0
                    Coreopsis Lanceolata                                    0       0.0010683761
                    Coreopsis patmata                                       0       0.0019723866
                    Cornus amomum                              0.0007122507         0.0021367521
                    Cornus canadensis                          0.1051167081         0.2458971617
                    Cornus rugosa                              0.0040701019         0.0119391026
                    Cornus stotonifera                         0.0505887394         0.0077382494
                    CoryLus americana                          0.000493D966                      0
                    Corylus; cornuta                                        0                    0
                    Cypripedjum acauLe                                      0       0.0107577183
                    Cypripedium calceotus, pubescens;                       0       0.0032051282
                    Cystopteris bulbifera                        0.002518315                     0
                    Danthonia spicata                                       0       0.0181516667
                    Deschampsia cespitosa                        0.002374169        0.0120332883
                    Deschampsia ftexuosa                                    0       0.0402548738
                    Dierville tonicera                         0.0050152625         0.0123411133
                    Drosera intermedia                         0.0025641026                      0
                    Drosera Linearis                                        0                    0
                    Drosera rotuhdifolia                       0.0169525144         0.0042735043
                    Dryopteris spinuLosa   (carthusiana)       0.0211896588         0.0058346624
                    Dryopteris cristata                        0.0056668118                      0
                    Dryopteris intermedia                      0.0041561003                      0
                    Dutichium arundinacium                     0.0554197346                      0
                    ELeocharis  acicutaris                     0.0003373819                      0
                    Eleocharis  elliptice                      0.0103692604         0.0008012821
                    Eleocharis  equisetoides                   0.0023310023           0.000400641
                    Eteocharis  obtusa                                      0                    0
                    Eteocharis  pauciftora                                  0                    0
                    Eteacharis  smaLM                          0.0128510379         0.0058760684
                    ELodea canadensis                          0.0040064103         0.0017094017



                                                                          150










                      Elymus canadensis                             0.0002374169            0.0016244172
                      Etymus mottus                                                0                       0
                      Epifagus virginiana                                          0        0.0009496676
                      Epigea repens                                 0.0135291631            0.1295553916
                      Epitobfum   angustifotium                       0.001025641                          0
                      Epitobium   ci I iattsn                       0.0002564103                           0
                      Ep! tobitxn colorattin                        0.0042311084                           0
                      Epi tobiLmn teptophyttum                        0.000534188                          0
                      Epitobium   paLustre                          0.004T720798                           0
                      Equisetum   arvense                           0.0046620047            0.0052231719
                      Equisetun   ftuviatite                        0.0111832433            0.0010683T61
                      Equisetum   hymate                            0.0009496676            0.0030864198
                      Equisetum   palustre                          0.0281601124            0.0007122507
                      Equisetum   pratense                            0.002302944           0.0006410256
                      Equisetum   scirpoidea                        0.0047666009            @0.0138176638
                      Equisetun   sylvaticum                        0.0124764883            0.0261118511
                      Eragrostis spp.                                           1  0                       0
                      Erigeron spp.                                 0.0010683761                           0
                      EriocauLon   septangutare                                    0                       0
                      Eriophorum   tenetium                                        0                       0
                      Eriophorum   virginicum                       0.0030364372                           0
                      Eriophorm    viridi-carinatum                 0.0025641026                           0
                      Erucastrum   gatticum                                        0         0.000400641
                      Eupatorium   macutattin                       0.0169659637            0.0008012821
                      Eupatorium   perforatum                         0.002785409                          0
                      Fagus grandifotia                                            0        0.006118MIl
                      Festuca saximontana                                          0        0.0032496439
                      Fragaria virginiana                             0.022512947            0.026033623
                      Fraxinus americana                            0.0311355311            0.0071499014
                      Fraxinus nigra                                    0.05008879          0.0027128554
                      Fraxinus pennsytvanica                        0.0180396764            0.0016025641
                      Galium aparine                                0.0164533306            0.0175688509
                      Gatium circaezans                             0.0059081944            0.0031594711
                      Galium tabradoricum                           0.0451672769             0.004888701
                      Gatiun trifidum                               0.0247210351            0.0003052503
                      Galium triflorum                              0.0183566434            0.0056706114
                      Gauttheria hispiduta                          0.0607239307            0.0670562545
                      Gauttheria procumbens                           0.055592044           0.3851107177
                      Gaylussacia baccata                           0.0230310875            0.2738210519
                      Gentiana crinfta                              0.0009496676            0.0030364372
                      Gentianopsis procura                                         0                       0
                      Geocauton tividum                             0.0025684192            0.0244584087
                      Geum canadense                                               0                       0
                      Geum rivate                                                  0                       0
                      Otyceria  boreatis                            0.0594828011                           0
                      Glyceria  canadensis                          0.0131578947            0.0008880009
                      Glyceria  grandis                                            0                       0
                      GLyceria  septentrionatis                     0.0021367521                           0
                      Giyceria  striata                               0.079663834           0.0077797203
                      Goodyera  obtongifolfa                        0.003"55128              0.000798347
                      Goodyera  ilepens                             0.0015384615            0.0030226658
                      Goodyera  tesselata                                          0        0.0031542532
                      Gymnocarpium dryopteris                       0.0207556922                           0
                      Gypsophita muratis                                           0                       0
                      Gypsophita peniculata                                        0                       0
                      Hamamelis virginiana                          0.0048994216            0.0036268556
                      Hatenia de  *ftexa                              0.000534188            0.005519943
                      Hieracium aurantiacum                         0.0023730276            0.0076077768
                      Hieracium maximun                                            0                       0
                      Hieracium spp.                                0.0009157509            0.0047666009
                      Hieracium vutgatum                                           0                       0
                      Hudsonia tomentosa                                           0         0.000400641
                      Hypericum spp.                                0.0004578755                           0
                      Hypericum   katmiantin                        0.0034281957            0.0057425214
                      Hypericum   majus                             0.0006410256                           0
                      Hypericum   perforatum                                       0                       0
                      Hypericum   punctatum                                        0                       0
                      Hystrix patuLs                                               0                       0
                      Ilex verticitista                               0.078937068           0.0217769622



                                                                                 151










                    impatiens capensis                       0.0133735495                     0
                    Iris tacustris                           0.0056891026         0.0188746439
                    Iris versicoLor                          0.1051536302         0.0038600289
                    Iris virginica                            0.000534188                     0
                    Juglans nigra                            0.0004930966                     0
                    Juncus acuminatus                        0.0023310023.                    0
                    Juncus articulatus                       0.0002289377                     0
                    Juncus batticus                          0.0032125994         0.0071170283
                    Juncus brevicaudatus                     0.0136021386                     0
                    Juncus canadensis                        0.0064620565                     0
                    Juncus effusus                           0.0036630037         0.0024420024
                    Juncus fiLiformis                                     0                   0
                    Juncus greenei                           0.0004578755                     0
                    Juncus nodosus                           0.0091575092                     0
                    Juncus pelocarpus                                     0                   0
                    Juniperus communis                       0.0010272B47         0.0577213237
                    Juniperis horizontalis                                0       0.0220704258
                    Kalmia angustifotia                      0.0175002348                     0
                    Katmia poLifoLia                         0.0530965398         0.0010989011
                    Koelerie macrantha                       0.0009861933         0.0015082956
                    Lactuca spp.                             0.0007122507                     0
                    Laportea 'canadensis                     0.0018993352                     0
                    Larix (aricina                           0.0137914967         0.0003052503
                    Lathyrus japonicus gtab.                 0.0065581854         0.0051775148
                    Lathyrus palustris                       0.0025641026                       0
                    Ledum groenLandicum                      0.1143621121         0.1135150345
                    Leersia oryzoides                        0.0015324182                     0
                    Lemna minor                              0.0192469567                     0
                    Lemna trisutca                           0.0026709402                     0
                    Littium phiLadelphicum                    0.000534188         0.0008012821
                    Linnaea boreaLis                         0.0762124036         0.1298715492
                    Listera cordata                           0.001025641                     0
                    Lithospermum canescens                                0       0.0004930966
                    Lithospermum carolinien.                              0                   0
                    Lobetia cardinaLis                                    0                   0
                    LobeLia kalmii                           0.0041163004         0.0014690171
                    Lonicera canadensis                      0.0154829319         0.0160119657
1-0                 Lonicera dioica                          0.0027472527         0.0027512429
                    Lonicera tatarica                                     0       0.0011870845
                    Lotus cornicuLatus                       0.0005827506                     0
                    Lycopodiun  annotinum                    0.0171167842         0.0382687825
                    Lycopodium  clavatum                     0.0076023392         0.0453922858
                    Lycopodiun  dendroideum                  0.0025641026         0.0006410256
                    Lycopodium  inundatum                    0.0011341223                     0
                    Lycopodium  luciduLum                    0.0036199268           0.003715035
                    Lycopodium  obscurum                     0.0003373819         0.0103558479
                    Lycopodium  tristachyum                               0       0.0041885198
                    Lycopus americanus                       0.0331991879                     0
                    Lycopus unifLorus                         0.193010998         0.0106976357
                    Lysimachia terrestris                       0.04242373        0.0031322844
                    Lysimachia thyrsiftora                   0.0451289463         0.0003052503
                    Maianthemum, canadense                   0.1489012208         0.41246BB543
                    Matricaria matricarioid,                              0                   0
                    Matteuccia struthiopteris                0.0047483381                     0
                    MedeoLa virginiana                       0.0005827506         0.0003373819
                    Metampyrum Lineare                        0.018162494         0.1772393024
                    Mentha arvensis                          0.0187506479         0.0019723866
                    Menyanthes trifoliata                     0.030260391         0.0003052503
                    MimuLus ringens                                       a                   0
                    Mitchetta repens                         0.0094627595         0.0162356637
                    Mitetta diphyLla                         0.0179525336                     0
                    hiteLka nuda                             0.0530316051         0.0068554131
                    Monarda punctata                                      0                   0
                    Moneses uniftora                         0.0053344187         0.0228378103
                    Monotropa hypopithys                                  0                   0
                    Monotropa unifLora                       0.0053817977         0.0020542548
                    MuhLenbergia gLomerata                   0.0004578755                     0
                    Myrica gate                               0.121807697           0.013616683
                    Nasturtium officinaLe                     0.006333173                     0



                                                                        152











                     Nemopanthes mucronata                     0.0224118324          0.0165399322
                     Nuphar spp                                0.0044261294                       0
                     Nuphar variegate                          0.0035131535                       0
                     Nymphaea odorata                          0.0036477411                       0
                     Oenothera biennis                         0.0019723866                       0
                     Oenothera oakesiana                                     0       o.ooon58913
                     OnocLea sensibitis                        0.0586482849          0.0032763533
                     Oph i og I ossum pus i L L un                           0                    0
                     Orobanche unifLora                                      0       0.0003052503
                     OrthiLia secunda (Pyrota)                 0.0051282051          0.0008012821
                     Oryzopsis asperifolia                     0.0072982573          0.0238288446
                     Oryzopsis pungens                         0.0016025641          0.0185404339
                     Osmorhize cLaytonii                       0.0003205128           0.014861136
                     Osmunda cinnamomea                        0.0144228188          0.0090980657
                     Osmunda regatis                           0.0750094532           0.001410742
                     OxaLis montane                            0.0009861933          0.0012820513
                     Panicum coLumbianum                       0.0028490028          0.0085556594
                     Panicum virgatum                          0.0005827506          0.0007305136
                     Parnassia gLauca                          0.0051481638                       0
                     Parthenocissus inserta                    0.0018819855          0.0007122507
                     PedicuLaris canadensis                                  0       0.0019723866
                     Petisites patmatus                        0.0011752137          0.0008012821
                     PhaLaris arundinacea                       0.006189027          0.0035612536
                     PhLeum pretense                                         0       0.0002374169
                     PhLeum spp.                                             0                    0
                     Phragmites austraLis                      0.0057997558          0.0053418803
                     Physocarptis opuLifoLius                                0       0.0053418803
                     Picee gLauca                              0.0051340468          0.0107261062
                     Picea mariana                             0.0328624142          0.0936299236
                     Pirvus banksiana                          0.00062957BB          0.0068343782
                     Pinus resinosa                             0.000534188          0.0096939062
                     Pinus strobus                             0.0171528907          0.1039664401
                     PLantago rugetii                          0.0005827506                       0
                     PLatanthera   cLavellata                  0.0020512821          0.0008012821
                     PLatanthera   diLitata                    0.0022321429                       0
                     ,PLatanthera  hookeri                                   0       0.0025065746
                     PLatanthera   hyperborea                  0.0012820513          0.0009157509
                     Platenthera   obtusata                    0.0013495277                       0
                     PLatanthera   orbicuLata                                0       0.0032051282
                     Platanthera   psycodes                                  0                    0
                     Poe compressa                             0.0032255108           0.014199261
                     Poe gLauca                                              0       0.0028490028
                     Poe paLustris                             0.0005827506                       0
                     Poe saltuensis                                          0       0.0006410256
                     Poe spP.                                   0.000534188                       0
                     PodophylLum peLtatum                                    0                    0
                     Pogonia ophiogLossoides                   0.0006410256                       0
                     PoLygaLa paucifoLie                       0.0225448483          0.0518104996
                     Potygonatum pubescens                     0.0004930966          0.0148266857
                     PoLygonum amphibium                        0.019211107             0.00368053
                     PoLygonun sagittattsn                     0.0009496676                       0
                     PoLygonum scandens                                      0       0.0003052503
                     POPULus baLsamifere                       0.0027014652          0.0032051282
                     Populus deLtoides                         0.0008201675                       0
                     PopuLus grandidentata                     0.0002374169           0.006B84129
                     PopuLus tremuLoides                       0.0196608947          0.0118543434
                     Potamogeton   berchtoldii                 0.0017094017                       0
                     .Potamogeton  gramineus                   0.0091880342                       0
                     Potamogeton   natans                      0.0129376559          0.0005827506
                     Potamogeton   oakesianum                  0.0033653846                       0
                     Potamogeton   pusMus                                    0                    0
                     Potamogeton   richardsonii                              0                    0
                     Potentitta  anserina                      0.0081307581                       0
                     PotentiLta  fruticosa                     0.0188071366          0.0132211538
                     PotentiLLa  norvegica                                   0                    0
                     Potentilla  patustris                     0.0485679918          0.0003052503
                     PotentiLLa  recta                         0.0018315018                       0
                     Prenanthes  atba                                        0       0.0124843805
                     Prenanthes  spp.                                        0       0.0015082956


                                                                           153













                     Primuta mistassinica                                   0                     0
                     Proserpinaca palustris                     0.0082417582                      0
                     PruneLLa vutgaris                          0.0162905044         0.0042735043
                     Prunus pensylvanica                                    0                     0
                     Prunus ptxni L a                                       0        0.0006952924
                     Prunus serotina                             0.002374169         0.0234038279
                     Prunus virginiana                          0.0043773742         0.0158927885
                     Pteridiun aquiL!nLsn                       0.0806599644         0.7796134993
                     Pterospora andromedea                                  0        0.0021367521
                     PyroLa ettiptica                           0.0335048439         0.0088035184
                     PyroLa obtusa                                          0                     0
                     PyroLa rotundifoLia                        0.0081810473         0.0081634889
                     PyroLa chLorantha (P.   virens)            0.0281364469         0.020630399
                     Pyrola spp.                                 0.000534188                      0
                     Quercus atba                               0.0007305136         0.0127090699
                     Quercus eMpsoidatis                                    0        0.0164365549
                     Quercus rubra                              0.0241357598         0.1556700176
                     Quercus veLutina                           0.0019723866         0.0039136302
                     RanuncuLus  abortinus                                  0        0.0028490028
                     RanuncuLus  flabettaris                    0.0014838557                      0
                     RanuncuLus  gmetini                         0.006993007                      0
                     RanuncuLus  sceteratus                     0.0064441731                      0
                     RanuncuLus  recurvatus                     0.0005827506                      0
                     RanuncuLus  reptans                                    0                     0
                     Rhamnus atnifoLia                          0.0471005134         0.0010683761
                     Rhamnus cathartica                         0.0009157509                      0
                     Rhamnus franguLa                           0.0023504274         0.0021367521
                     Rhynchospora aLba                          0.0067765568           0.000400641
                     Rhynchospora fusca                         0.0051282051                      0
                     Ribes americantin                                      0        0.0003052503
                     Ribes cynosbati                            0.0032955293                      0
                     Ribes (acustre                                         0                     0
                     Ribes triste                               0.0104099159                      0
                     Rorippa paLustris                                      0                     0
                     Rosa acicuLaris                                        0        0.0032051282
                     Rosa blanda                                            0        0.0008012821
                     Rosa caroLina                                          0        0.0027316434
                     Rosa paLustris                             0.0180108798         0.0033577534
                     Rosa spp.                                              0        0.0015082956
                     Rubtis atLeghaniensis                      0.0012531328           0.015877712
                     Rubus  fLagettaris                         0.0023310023                      0
                     Rubus  hispidus                             0.004502442         0.0007305136
                     Rubus  occidentaLis                        0.00OT716049         0.0219673114
                     Rubus  parviflorus                                     0                     0
                     Rubus  pubescens                           0.1832725717         0.0381236759
                     Rubus  setosus                                         0                     0
                     Rubus  strigosus                           0.0069444444           0.0122628"
                     Rudbeckia hirta                                        0        0.0015614727
                     Rumex acetosella                                       0        0.0018315018
                     Rumex orbicuLatus                          0.0062080204                      0
                     Rumex  verticiLLatus                                   0                     0
                     Sagittaria LatifoLia                        0.001025641                      0
                     Sagittaria spp.                            0.0039173789                      0
                     SaLix  bebbiana                            0.0050213675         0.0039215171
                     SaLix  candida                             O.OD48213894                      0
                     SaLix  cordata                             0.0004578755                      0
                     SaLix  discoLor                            0.0060897436                      0
                     SaLix  eriocephaLa                         0.0019230769                      0
                     Satix  exigua                              0.0011870845                      0
                     SaLix  Lucida                                          0                     0
                     SaLix  myricoides                          0.0023310023         0.0002374169
                     Salix  pediceLLaris                        0.0311321395                      0
                     Satix  petioLaris                                      0                     0
                     Salix  pyrifoLia                            0.008820249                      0
                     Satix  serissima                           0.0037393162                      0
                     Salix  spp.                                 0.000400641                      0
                     Sambucus pubens                            0.0009496676                      a
                     SanicuLa mariLandica                        0.000534188                      0
                     Saponaria officinatis                                  0        0.0037986705


                                                                          154











                    Sarracenia purpurea                      0.0252514916                     0
                    Satureja acinos                                       0                   0
                    Satureja arkansana                                    0                   0
                    Scheuchzeria pLaustris                   0.0076923077                     0
                    Schizachne spp.                                       0                   0
                    Scirpus acutus                           0.0318355718                     0
                    Scirpus americanus                       0.0044677545         0.0032051282
                    Sc i rpus cespitosus                     0.0002289377                     0
                    Scirpus cyperinus                        0.0204405874         0.0003052503
                    Scirpus hudsonianus                      0.0022652786                     0
                    Scirpus subterinaLis                     0.0151098901                     0
                    Scirpus spp.                             0.0004578755                     0
                    Scutettaria gaLericutata                 0.0245962442         0.0032051282
                    ScutelLaria incana                                    0                   0
                    ScuteLlaria taterifLora                  0.0072199387                     0
                    Sedum acre                                            0                   0
                    SeLaginelta seLaginoides                 0.0009157509                     0
                    Senecio paupercutus                                   0                   0
                    Shepherdia canadensis                                 0       0.0008012821
                    Sitene vuLgaris                                       0                   0
                    S i Lin suave                            0.0430741327                     0
                    Smilacina rac                            0.0002564103         0.0019230769
                    SmiLacina stellata                       0.0063244015         0.0215475408
                    SmiLacina trifoLia                         0.103701715        0.0036706349
                    Smilax tamnoides hispida                 0.0004930966         0.0013532764
                    Solanum duLcamara                        0.0083104099         0.0025641026
                    SoLidego caesia                          0.0041625042           0.004985755
                    SoLidago canadensis                      0.0073352526         0.0244355101
                    Sotidago gigantea                                  . 0                    0
                    Solidago graminifolia                    0.0046652422         0.0016619183
                    Solidago houghtonii                      0.0019723866                     0
                    SoLidago juncea                                       0                   0
                    Solidago ohioensis                       0.0016511267         0.0050747863
                    SoLidago rugosa '                        0.0110969707         0.0023760961
                    Solidago spathutata                                   0                   0
                    Sotidago uLiginosa                       0.0077209584         0.0018315018
                    Sonchus arvensis                         0.0023310023                     0
                    Sonchus uiiginosus                                    0                   0
                    Sorbus americana                           0.001138664        0.0068681319
                    Sorbus decora                            0.0031476003         0.0017751479
                    Sparganium  chLorocarpum                 0.0028490028                     0
                    Sparganium  eurycarpum                   0.0009496676                     0
                    Spa rgan i Lon minimum                   0.0623869957                     0
                    Spiranthes  cernua                                    0       0.0004930966
                    Spiranthes  tacera                                    0       0.0010893246
                    Spiranthes  lucida                                    0                   0
                    Spiranthes  romanzoffiana                             0                   0
                    Spiraea atba                             0.0072666531                     0
                    Stettaria tongifotia                     0.0029137529                     0
                    Stettaria tongpipes                                   0                   0
                    Streptopus roseus                        0.0030864198         0.0003373819
                    Symphoricarpos atbus                                  0       0.0023095777
                    Tanacetum huronense                                   0       0.0008012821
                    Tanacetum vuLgare                                     0                   0
                    Tarexacum officinate                                  0       0.0002374169
                    Texus canadensis                                      0         0.006993007
                    Thatictrum dasycarpum                    0.0047666009         0.0003052503
                    TheLyptris patustris                     0.1202008156         0.0042360174
                    TiareLLa cordifoLia                      0.0003205128         0.0028490028
                    Thuja occidentaLis                       0.1039358074         0.0862822953
                    TiLia americana                                       0                   0
                    Tofieldia gLutinosa                      0.0035866911         0.0085470085
                    Toxicodendron                            0.0021853147         0.0103282969
                    Toxicodendron radicans                   0.0067155067         0.0023310023
                    Triadenum fraseri                        0.0313014994         0.0032190032
                    Triadenum spp.                           0.0023310023                     0
                    Trientatis boreaLis                      0.1163627817         0.3413286027
                    Trigtochin maritima                      0.0030525031           0.000400641
                    TrigLochin patustris                       0.004985755                    0


                                                                        155













                     Trillium cernuum                           0.0010683761          0.0007122507
                     Trillium grandifLorum                                   0                     0
                     Tsuga canadensis                           0.0051053114           0.016064786
                     Typha angustifolia                         0.0054131054          0.0042735043
                     Typha tatifolia                            0.0222642327          0.0066045066
                     Typha X glauca                             0.0007122507                       0
                     Ulmus americans                            0.0032790927                       0
                     Utica dioica procera                                    0                     0
                     Utricutaria spp.                           0.0018315018          0.0016025641
                     UtricuLaria cornuta                        0.0037698413          0.0032496439
                     UtricuLaria intermedia                     0.0312569529                       0
                     Utricuteria minor                          0.0021367521                       0
                     Utricutaria vulgaris                       0.0165140415                       0
                     Vaccinium  angustifotium                     0.034966432          0.293458207
                     Vaccinium  macrocarpon                     0.0360140434          0.0032772783
                     Vaccinium membranaceum                     0.0004930966          0.0025641026
                     Vaccinium  myr@tittoides                   0.0694451345          0.3522365892
                     Vaccinium  ovalifoLium                     0.0023730276          0.0051282051
                     Vaccinium  oxycoccos                       0.0227467689          0.0069711538
                     VaLLisneria americans                                   0        0.0003373819
                     Verbascum thapsus                                       0                     0
                     Verbena canadensis                                      0                     0
                     Veronica americans                                      0                     0
                     Viburnum acerifoLium                       0.0004930966          0.0013495277
                     Viburnum cassinoides                       0.0038176979          0.0039335664
                     Viburnum tentago                           0.0050607287          0.0032051282
                     Viburnum tritobum                                       0                     0
                     Viola btanda paLustriformis                0.0211606888           0.021300613
                     Viola conspersa                            0.0044705295          0.0008012821
                     Viola pubescens                                         0                     0
                     Viola renifoLia                            0.0353243284          0.0207547083
                     Viola rostrata                             0.0338868539          0.0183998101
                     Viola sororia                                           0                     0
                     Viola spp.                                 0.0442270959          0.0140439082
                     Vitis riparia                              0.0128501247          0.0013267415
                     Xyris montana                              0.0006410256                       0
                     Zigadenus glaucus                                       0        0.0026.709402

                     BRYOPHYTES and ALGRE:
                     AuLacomnium palustris                      0.0085192585                       0
                     Bazzania triLobata                         0.0092185592          0.0071872572
                     Bazzania spp.                              0.0026990553          0.0043016194
                     Brachythecium spp.                         0.0203570504          0.1048389382
                     Brotherella recurvans                                   0                     0
                     BrotherelLa spp.                           0.0236850138          0.0053432861
                     Catectedium spp.                                        0        0.0009496676
                     Catiergon spp.                             0.0078895464                       0
                     Chars aspera                               0.0051282051                       0
                     Chars gtobutaris                           0.0331959707           0.000400641
                     Chars vulgaris                             0.0108404558          0.0048076923
                     Climacium dendroides                       0.0021367521                       0
                     Climacium spp.                             0.0250581627          0.0205783495
                     Conocephalum con.                                       0                     0
                     Cratoneuron spp.                             0.032967033                      0
                     Dicranum flag.                                          0        0.0005827506
                     Dicranum scoparium                         0.0214861049          0.2426862396
                     Dicranum viride                            0.0039"7732           0.0019723866
                     Dicranum spp.                              0.0061240842          0.0443603782
                     Fissidens spp.                             0.0079365079                       0
                     HyLocomnium spLendens                      0.0235042735                       0
                     Leucobryum gLaucum                         0.0028146055          0.0110127553
                     Mnium cuspidatum                           0.0350926503          0.0032051282
                     Mnium punctatum                            0.0293592555          0.0023310023
                     Mnium spp.                                 0.0681229027                       0
                     Pleurosium schreberi                       0.0338663473          0.0794055757
                     Polytrichum com  :                         0.0023310023                       0
                     Potytrichum juniperinum                    0.0221440241          0.0225690976
                     Polytrichum pitiforum                        0.000534188                      0,
                     Potytrichum spp.                           0.0003373819          0.0042735043


                                                                           156












                      Ptitia crista-castr.                                       0                      0
                      Ptilium spp.                                 0.0276602564           0.0066150954
                      Sphagnum  f imbreatun                        0.0057109557                         0
                      Sphagnun  centrate                             0.062234457          0.0120332883
                      Sphagnum  cuspidatum                         0-0426352494                         0
                      Sphagnum  compactum                            0.004048583                        0
                      Sphagntxn deLicado                           0.0019723866                         0
                      Sphagntin f uscun                              0.025171466          0.0010683761
                      Sphagntxn girghensonii                       0.2320118209           0.0320360195
                      Sphagntxn mage ( t ani ctzn                  0.0823009346           0.0051282051
                      Sphagnum  papillosum                         0.0104612493                         0
                      Sphagnum  squarrostxn                        0.0392319227           0.0058404558
                      Sphagnum  subsecundLEn                       0.0025641026           0.0003052503
                      Sphagnun  warnstorfii                        0.1011381163           0.0233974359
                      Sphagnum  wu t f i antxn                     0.0225022382           0.0285409035

















































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0                                  APPENDIX VI

                 EXPLANATION OF ELEMENT RANIMG CRITERIA USED FOR


                    MICHIGAN WOODED DUNE AND SWALE COMPLEXES
a

 I





0






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                                       158



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                                        ELEMENT RANKING CRITERIA



                   Wooded Dune and Swale Complex: The majority of degrading impacts to
                   these complexes are related to significant alterations in hyrdrology.          Un-
                   obstructed flow of surface and ground water from the upland to the adjacent
                   take is essential to the maintenance of their natural character. Flow is sometimes
                   maintained with roads placed along the beach ridge, depending on local
                   conditions. Plant community zonation from Open Dunes inland, if present, raises
                   species/habitat diversity and rank.

                   Benchmark QugU!3L5;tandard: The entire complex must be intact with little or no
                   significant human-caused alterations in hydrology. No minimum size, although
                   most well developed complexes are no smaller than 150 acres in size. Species
                   diversity is quite variable among complexes; (i.e. intact, well drained complexes
                   may have lower diversity than other manipulated, but poorly drained complexes).
                   Species diversity should be considered after hydrology in ranking.

                   Element Occurrenc Size-Classes: Large: 3000 or more acres; Moderate:
                   1000-3000 acres; Small 300-1000 acres; Very small: less than 300 acres.

                   Boundary Mappin : Portions of the complex below the Nipissing beach ridge
                   typically contain wet swales. Portions above the Nipissing ridge and below. the
                   Algonquin beach ridge should be included if they include distinct ridges and
                   swales.


                   Exemplagy Occurrences: Pointe Aux Chenes, Hiawatha National Forest, Mackinac
                   County; Sturgeon Bay, Wilderness State Park, Emmet County; Platte River Point,
                   Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Benzie County; Pointe Aux Barques,
                   Huron County; Ogontz Bay, Hiawatha National Forest, Delta County; Iron River,
                   Marquette County; Salmon Trout Bay, Marquette County; Grand Traverse Bay,
                   Houghton/Keweenaw counties.






                                                       159









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