Designing a functional monitoring program for Florida aquatic preserves final report

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

1 -9,55: `7

Designing a Functional Monitoring Program
for Florida Aquatic Preserves

Final Report
DER Contract No. CM - 160
15 Dec 1987

Prepared By
Kris W. Thoemke and Kenneth P. Gyorkos
Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve
10 Shell Island Road
Naples, Florida

QH
87.3
F6 Financial assistance for this work was provided by the
T5 Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
198) 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures ............................................. ii

List of Appendices .......................................... iii

Introduction ................................................ 1

Why Monitoring Programs Are Important ....................... 2

Collecting Background Information ........................... 6

Defining the Watershed ...................................... 12

Acquiring and Analyzing Existing Databases .................. 18

Designing a Monitoring Program .............................. 20

Determining Sampling Frequency .............................. 27

Monitoring Program Duration ................................. 33

The Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Island Aquatic Preserve Study.. 34

Summary and Conclusions ..................................... 35

Acknowledgements ............................................ 38

Literature Cited ............................................ 39

Appendices .................................................. 45

US Departm c-nt of Commerce
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L Charleston, SC 29405-2413

LIST OF' FIGURES

1. Typical citation from dBase III computer library system .... 42

2. Station location for the Ten Thousand Island Aquatic
Preserve area .............................................. 43

3. Idealized representation of the relationship between
concentration of a dissolved component and a conservative
index of mixing, for an estuary in which there are single
sources of river and sea water: (a) for a component (A) whose
concentration is greater in sea water than in river water
and (b) for a component (B) whose concentration is greater
in river water than in sea water. (Redrawn from Burton
and Liss. 1976). (c) Idealized representation of a point
source discharge ........................................... 44

r 4

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix I. Sources of Maps and Aerial Photographs

Appendix II. Field and Laboratory Procedures

Appendix III. Raw Data for Ten Thousand Island Study

iii

Introduction

This report is intended to help State estuarine aquatic

preserves personnel and other agencies and individuals involved

in managing coastal wetland systems develop an environmental

monitoring program. The Florida Department of Natural Resources

is responsible for the management of the State's aquatic

preserves. Presently, there is a relatively small staff and

administrative support infrastructure for the aquatic preserve

system. Many aquatic preserves do not have full time career

service staff assigned to them. Those that do have been consumed

with the task of preparing a management plan and reviewing permit

requests for activities within the preserve's boundary. As a

result, little attention has been paid to conducting a thorough

analysis of existing information for the preserves and developing

and implementing some sort of long-term monitoring program.

The purpose of this report is to design the framework for a

monitoring program that will assess the current status of an

estuary and provide data to help the managing agency formulate

management strategies that preserve and enhance the natural

resources of the system. To accomplish this, a combination of

gathering existing information and developing a plan to collect

baseline data is necessary. This report provides an outline of

how to collect existing information, design and implement a basic

environmental monitoring program. Adoption and implementation of

this plan by the Bureau of Aquatic Preserves will establish a

starting point for the field managers and staff in the analysis

of their respective systems. The intended result is to save

these individuals many hours of planning and preparation time.

The ideas and recommendations presented in the report are

based on our experiences in collecting base line data in the Cape

Romano - Ten Thousand Island Aquatic Preserve for this grant and

the long term monitoring program for the Rookery Bay National

Estuarine Research Reserve and Aquatic Preserve (Thoemke 1985

and Thoemke and Gyorkos 1987).

Why Monitoring Programs Are Important

In recent years, the value and need for monitoring programs

has become apparent. Excellent summaries of the purpose and

usefulness of monitoring has been discussed by Flemmer et. al.

(1983), O'Conner and Flemmer (1987) and Perry et al (1987). In

their paper "How should research and monitoring be integrated?",

Flemmer et al (1983) point out the most effective management

comes from coupling monitoring and research. They define

monitoring as, "The systematic sampling and measurement over time

of variables which describe the abundance and distribution of

biological resources, the distribution and concentrations of

physical, geological and chemical properties or the location and

rates of significant processes." Research is defined as, "The

systematic collection and analysis of experimental and/or field

observational data that produces knowledge." The authors state

that information learned from monitoring activities serves as the

basis for a hypothesis on which research is conducted and the

results of research projects often can be used to fine tune

monitoring programs.

When planning a monitoring program the questions to be

answered are: what are the present conditions withing the system,

is the system stressed and are present management policies

effectively dealing with the long term goals for managing the

area? Answering these questions is essential in determining if

new management policies should be developed and implemented. The

results of a monitoring program provide the first information

about the area that will alert the managers to any problems.

Following the pattern of Flemmer et al (1983) the results of

the initial monitoring program help to define the types of

scientific research necessary to develop management plans that

deal with the environmental problems of the area. The research

results are used to either define a new monitoring program that

can be used to determine if the management actions are sufficient

to solve the problems or to recommend different types of

monitoring and research programs.

In Florida, management of our coastal resources is

especially important. Zwick (1987) states approximately 900

residents move to Florida every day. Because of Florida's

peninsular shape, virtually everyone of these residents lives

within 50 miles of the coastline. Thus, the impacts associated

with each of these residents has the potential to impact

Florida's estuaries. As Zwick points out, the result of these

residents moving to the state generates a daily need for "nearly

two miles of highways, 111,108 gallons of water and produces

94,560 additional gallons of wastewater requiring treatment and

creates a 3,546 additional pounds of solid waste." Virtually no

one is predicting that these numbers will decrease in the

foreseeable future.

An example of the tremendous pressure and threat to the

coastal resources of the state can be found in southwest Florida.

The coastal areas of Charlotte, Lee and Collier Counties are

among the fastest growing regions in the United States. Seven of

the State's 40 aquatic preserves are located within these three

counties.

Many of the 900 new residents coming to Florida every day

move here because of Florida's perceived abundance of high

quality natural resources. Yet, as these people move to the

state they are largely responsible for the wetlands alterations

and destruction that are degrading the natural resources. New

housing, roads and other services which are necessary to support

growth directly impact wetlands when these areas are filled or

impounded. Even upland development indirectly impacts the

estuaries. As the vegetation cover and topography of uplands

within the estuary's watershed are altered by housing projects,

agricultural practices and road and drainage canal construction,

the quantity, quality and timing of critical freshwater supplies

to the estuary are changing. These changes are the source of

most of the environmental and management problems of the estuary.

Florida now has a state comprehensive plan whose purpose is

to achieve planned growth for the state realizing the changing

political and economic conditions that exist. One goal is to

maintain the general quality of life for Floridians. To do this

the government's plan is to provide protected and well managed

natural resources. Management of our natural resources requires

a plan that incorporates monitoring as one of the essential

(Acillents of the manayulllellL plan.

Although not often considered by the general public,

estuaries are more important for their economic contributions to

Florida than they are for their aesthetic qualities. For

approximately 70% of all commercially and recreationally

important fish and shellfish harvested in Florida and its

adjacent waters, the estuary is a crucial link in the life cycle

of these organisms. Without estuarine areas, these organism's

life cycles would be interrupted and the numbers of harvestable

fish or shellfish would be greatly reduced.

The economic impacts of unhealthy estuaries are felt by

not only the commercial fishermen, recreational fishermen and

seafood consumers, but by other segments of Florida's economy

such as boat builders, businesses which sell boats and related

marine supplies, marinas wlAch provide fuel and services for

boaters and manufacturers of boating related supplies and

equipment whose businesses depend on a need for these recreation

items and related services. Milon and Adams (1987) report total

Florida retail sales for recreational boating in 1985 totaled 1.3

billion dollars and employed over 23,000 persons in the industry.

They also point out that when the indirect impacts of the

recreational boating industry are added to the direct economic

impact, the total industry economic activity in 1985 was 2.7

billion dollars.

It is in response to the present and potential impacts on

Florida's estuaries that the development of a monitoring program

is based. In order to manage for the future, we need to

understand what has happened to our coastal resources in the

past, what their condition is at present and what are the

potential impacts for the future. The monitoring plan described

in this report is an example of how to develop either the first

attempt at monitoring these resources or refine and enhance a

monitoring program which already exists.

The remaining sections of this report describe the major

steps in designing a monitoring program: collecting background

information; defining the watershed; collecting and analyzing

existing data bases; designing the monitoring the program; and

conclusions and reconimenda t ions.

Collecting Background Information

Every scientific study begins with a review of the

literature. Designing a monitoring plan is not exempted from

this requirement. However, in addition to a review of the

scientific literature, designing a monitoring program requires

more than the standard search of journal articles. The goal of

the literature review for a monitoring program is to find out

about everything within the estuary and its watershed. This

includes the scientific aspects as well as information on how the

area has developed, what alterations have occurred in upland

areas what are the present and past land use activities and an

account of the entire history of the area.

This essential work cannot be overlooked. The entire basis

for designing your monitoring program will depend upon what is

already known about the system. If little -information is

available, then your monitoring program should be designed to

provide baseline data which characterize the area, recognize

threatening conditions, establish the present degree of

regulatory compliance and create a data base for making future

comparisons. If considerable information already exists, then

develop your program to collect data for parameters on which no

data exists, test for environmental changes over time, determine

regulatory compliance and recommend, based on the data, new or

revised management policies. While the approach to these types

of monitoring programs may vary, the literature review is a

common starting point.

The review of existing information should cover the

estuarine system and its watershed. Five information sources

should be reviewed: scientific journals; government reports;

11gray literature"; historical documents; and aerial photographs

and maps.

The standard review of the scientific literature can be

accomplished by visiting a major college library or other similar

facility and reviewing appropriate scientific journals. In

preparation of this event, develop a list of journals to be

reviewed. All types.of scientific journals should be surveyed.

The primary types or classes of journals which are likely to

contain useful information in the development of the monitoring

program, are the environmental, biological, geological and

hydrological journals.

Libraries have access to a number of abstract services. if

funds are available, you should conduct a computer based

literature search. These searches are conducted using keywords

based on article content, titles and authors. Thus it is possible

AL
to be very specific as to the topics being searched.

Duririq each visi.L to a library, keep a record of the volumes

and issues of each journal that is reviewed. When articles are

encountered that will be useful to the program, request a reprint

or make a photo copy of the article. These materials will form

the basis for an on-site reprint collection. Review of the

literature should be an ongoing process. If possible you should

plan quarterly library visits.

Once articles relating to the estuary and its watershed

begin to accumulate, you can obtain a good secondary source of

additional information from the literature citations of the

initially collected papers. During this process and in the

literature review process as well, some articles from lesser

known and available journals will be encountered. Copies of

these papers can be obtained using the inter-library loan

process. This service is available at most university libraries

and through the Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research

Laboratory, in St. Petersburg.

As the reprint collection develops, the papers should be

catalogued for future use. While the initial review of the

literature may reveal a manageable number of papers concerning

the study area, this number is certain to increase as additional

papers'concerning a particular habitat type such as mangroves or

seagrasses begin to accumulate. We recommend a computer based

cataloging system be developed for the reference collection.

Citations for each reference should be entered into a database

program.

Keywords should be included as a part of each citation in

the data file. With the appropriate software program (eg. d

Base III), it is possible to search the reprint collection using

titles, authors and keywords to locate specific papers. The

list of keywords for the reprint collection can be very detailed

and specific to the area. The reference collection for Rookery

Bay - Ten Thousand Island area utilized a program written for

dBase III Plus. A typical citation is illustrated in Figure 1.

In addition to scientific journals, libraries often contain

a variety of government reports. Many government reports are

contained in a separate section within the library. Finding

reports that are of relevance to your area can be difficult. A

computer literature search will reveal some. Citations in journal

articles will uncover others. Direct contact with federal

agencies (eg. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration and National Marine Pisheries

Service) can be useful. Some agencies have publication lists

which are available. Check with a local office or regional

headquarters for the availability of these list of publications.

A substantial amount of information concerning the estuary

and its watershed is available locally. This information is

contained in sources that are referred to as "gray literature."

The " gray literature" consists of reports from regional planning

councils, water management districts and county or city

governments. often times this literature is not found in major

libraries and can only be obtained from having local knowledge of

the area. As part of the literature search, local and regional

agencies should be queried for information concerning the

management area.

Many counties presently have comprehensive plans. These

documents are the guidelines for the use and development of land

within the county. If plans do not already exist, they will be

developed as a requirement of the recent action of the Florida

Legislature passing the State Growth Management Act. Depending

upon the effort expended by each county, this document can be a

valuable source of information concerning land use patterns,

water quality, and future directions for the county's

development.

Because of Florida's many environmental laws and

regulations, there may be substantial information available in

grey literature documents such as Development of Regional Impact

(DRI) and Planned Unit Development (PUD) reports. These papers

often include data from an environmental impact studies of

development projects, analysis of subsurface water movement and

assessments of wetland and terrestrial habitats. These documents

are usually prepared by a developer's consultant. Taken in the

proper perspective, they can provide the basis for understanding

the biological and hydrological conditions of the estuary and its

watershed.

In conjunction with the review of the scientific literature,

government documents and "gray literature", emphasis should also

be placed on obtaining documents concerning the history of the

county. Of particular concern is the history of the development

of the county and the history of water management issues.

Information of this type is sometimes available in local

libraries where books, old newspapers and other historical

documents concerning the county may be found. Inquire if

10.

historical societies or county museums exist. Often times these

organizations have locally written publications detailing early

accounts of the county's history. Long-time residents can often

provide interesting insights into the area and leads on where to

find obscure references.

A essential type of background information that is available

for virtually every area in Florida is aerial photographs and

maps. Most areas have maps and/or aerial photographs dating back

to at least the 1950's. For some areas, photographs are

available from the 1920's.,

Acquisition of a photograph and map reference collection

for the management area is an important part of collecting

background information. The images should be a permanent part of

the reference collection at the field office. Types of images

available include topographic maps, black and white low altitude

photographs, high altitude color and infared photographs and

satellite images collected by the LANDSAT and SPOT satellites. A

list of some of the organizations and agencies from which

photographs and maps are available is provided in Appendix 1 of

this report.

The collection of background information is the starting

point for all monitoring programs. It should also be a

continuing part of the monitoring programs. Once the initial

information has been collected and contacts with appropriate

local, regional and state agencies have been made, the addition

of new information will become easier. In many instances, the

field staff will be on mailing lists to receive new reports from

governmental agencies as they are produced. This type of

relationship in combination with regular visits to the library

will produce the background information necessary to develop,

refine and revise the monitoring plan over the years.

Defining the Watershed

An essential yet difficult task in designing a monitoring

program is to define the watershed. Identifying the vegetation

patterns, present land uses and natural and manmade features of

the watershed are critical since it is from this area that much

of the freshwater entering the estuary originates. Understanding

the quantity, quality and timing of freshwater entering the

estuary is necessary in order to identify the major

characteristics of and environmental threats to the estuarine

system. (Cross and Williams, 1981)

Prior to the extensive development of Florida's coastal zone

and associated uplands, estuaries experienced few of the problems

that we deal with today in the management of these systems. As

Florida developed alterations to the topography and vegetation

occurred. These alterations began what has turned out to be a

long and steady change in the quantity, quality and timing of

freshwater leaving the uplands and entering the estuarine system.

Mitchell and Mitchell (1980) and Cross and Williams (1981)

discuss effects of changes in freshwater flow to estuaries. In

their paper Mitchell and Mitchell review the literature and

discuss types of effects that estuarine organisms may exhibit as

freshwater flows change. These effects include:

1. When freshwater flow is reduced the resulting extreme

saliniLius may duturmine, the distribution of estuarine

organisms. This may have long term effects on species

distribution.

2. Species, such as saltmarsh plants and bivalve larvae have

different salinity requirements at different seasons and

stages of life cycle. Changing freshwater flow patterns can

alter reproductive success and growth rates;

3. Increased retention time of pollutants and sedimentation

rates result as flow decreases; and

4. Increased nutrient levels occur with the input of

nutrient enriched waters.

At the same time that the defining watershed is essential,

there are difficulties in accomplishing what may be perceived as

a relatively simple task. There are two problems in defining the

watershed The first is a result of the naturally flat

topography of much of the Florida peninsula. A classic example

of an easily defined watershed would be a glaciated perched

valley. The watershed is defined by the ridge of mountains which

enclose three of the four sides of the valley. All rainfall

which accumulates within this area flows down the sides of the

mountain into the valley and eventually empties into another

larger valley.

Florida, for the most part, lacks such well defined

physical structures that separate watersheds. Instead, a

relatively uniform and gently sloping topography exists along the

coastal portions of the state. While a defined watershed still

exists it is difficult to accurately assess the exact boundaries

since a change of a few inches of elevation can make a difference

between water flowing into one shallow watershed versus another.

This problem is further compounded during the wet season

when some watersheds, separated by extremely low ridges, merge as

surface water accumulates at a level higher than the natural

ridge separating the two watersheds. Thus, for many watersheds

temporal variation plays a significant factor in determining

whether you are dealing with one watershed or a series of merged

watersheds.

The second difficulty encountered in defining a watershed is

a result of extensive development activities which have altered

natural watersheds. Changes brought about by canal dredging

have resulted in excessive draining of the uplands. Roads have

unintentionally acted as dams to sheetwater flow. Large

agricultural areas redirect water through irrigation practices.

Surface water runoff is increased when permeable soils are.

covered by houses and parking lots. The presence of these

alterations has changed the shape of and size of watersheds.

Often it is difficult to assess the effects of these

changes. Thus, what has been considered in the past as one

watershed may now be divided into several watersheds and what may

have been several natural watersheds may now be one large

watershed. Virtually all watershed boundaries in Florida are

artificial since there are no areas in the state that have not

been affected by road or drainage canal construction,

agricultural practices and residential and commercial

development.

Since many areas of Florida that are presently developed

were originally wetland areas or low upland areas, most contain

some sort of structures to convey water from the land during

periods of high rainfall so that the land remains dry and usable.

Most often, these structures are drainage canals. An accurate

map of the locations of these structures, the date when they were

constructed and data concerning the amount of discharge that

occurs on a yearly and seasonal basis is needed. Studying

existing information and monitoring new data will help assess the

potential for impacts to the system as the quantity and timing of

freshwater entering the estuary changes.

Roads within the watershed have an opposite effect from

canals. Usually these roads lack culverts and serve as dams to

freshwater flows. If enough roads are present, some upland areas

may become impounded. After an initial survey of road

locations are noted, the presence of major culverts within these

road systems should be noted on a map. As was the case with the

drainayu canal systein such information is useful in assessing

what alterations have occurred to the quantity and timing of

freshwater entering the estuarine system.

Land use patterns within the watershed must be examined.

Locating agricultural, commercial and residential areas will

assist in determining which parameters should be monitored. For

instance, more emphasis may be placed on monitoring for nutrients

and pesticides in an intensely agricultural watershed whereas

monitoring for heavy metals and industrial type pollutants would

be more important in an urbanized watershed. In addition to the

analysis of land use patterns you need to locate potential point

source and non-point source discharges. The type of monitoring

program designed will, in part, depend upon whether the program

is to monitor for point source or non-point source impacts on

the estuarine system.

A thorough knowledge of the vegetation patterns within the

watershed and estuary is also necessary. Through vegetation

patterns, the location of freshwater wetlands can be located.

Because these areas are the conduit for fresh water to reach the

estuary these areas should be identified and given special

consideration as preservation areas as the watershed is

developed.

Detecting changes which occur over time in the amount and

typu of vegetated areas is useful in assessing the current

status of the estuarine system and watershed, the threats to

these areas and the type of monitoring to be conducted. A

considerable amount of estuarine wetland classification work is

being done through the Department of Natural Resource's Marine

Research Laboratory and Department of Environmental Regulation's

programs using LANDSAT images. Eventually, this work should be

expanded so that each aquatic preserve has a LANDSAT survey and

baseline vegetation map of the entire estuary and watershed.

The watershed that is defined for the monitoring program

should use the artifical boundaries. The land within this area

is most likely to contain alterations and point source discharges

that will directly impact the estuary and therefore affect

management problems. It is also helpful to define the natural

boundaries (historical boundaries) of the watershed.

Comparative information on the natural and modified watersheds is

useful in assessing whether restoration activities are an

appropriate and viable management alternative.

There are three potential sources for information concerning

the watersheds of the coastal systems of Florida. The U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) has designated all portions of the

state of Florida as belonging to the specific "hydrologic units."

These are large areas within the state which generally contain a

number of subunits. For information concerning the hydrologic

units within the study area, contact the U.S. Geological Survey

Reston, Virginia 22092. In the inquiry to the USGS, request

additional information that may be available about the study

area. Some publications do exist. For example, the U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Service has done an ecological characterization of

the Caloosahatchee River/Big Cypress Watersheds in Southwest

Florida (Drew and Schomer 1984).

More detailed descriptions of the subunits within these

major watersheds are available from the local water management

districts and/or county government offices. In researching the

watershed units within the Ten Thousand Islands area, we

discovered that the Collier County Comprehensive Plan (1983)

contained maps of drainage basins which closely approximate

naturally occurring watersheds within Collier County. However,

because of extensive development in this area these basins were

not sufficient to define the watershed of primary concern in

managing the Cape Romano - Ten Thousand Islands area.

Further research through the Water Management District

office revealed three documents about subwatersheds within the

natural basin areas described by the County (Master Plan for

Water Management District No. 6 1972; Belle Meade-Royal Palm

Hammock Water Management Plan 1982; and Master Plan Update for

Water Management District No. 6 1985). These reports contain

detailed information about the watersheds that are specific to

the Rookery Bay and Cape Romano areas.

Acquiring and Analyzing Existing Databases

Simply gathering information and organizing it is

insufficient. Before you can design a monitoring program the

data from the literature review and characterization of the

watershed should be integrated and reviewed. Conclusions about

the present status should be derived. Depending upon the system

being studied, this can be a relatively easy task if little

information is available or it can appear to be a monumental task

that will take years to accomplish. In the latter case it is not

recommended that all data from a large estuarine area (eg. Tampa

Bay) be acquired, synthesized and analyzed. Instead only the

specific subestuary and subwatersheds within this large area

should undergo this close scrutiny.

Evaluation of the available data and what the analyses of

these data tell us about the system provides the final details

necessary to design a monitoring program. The evaluation process

provides an assessment of gaps in the existing database. it

will also help to determine station location and sampling

frequency for the monitoring program.

Data acquired from previous work should be entered into a

computer data base program. In order to create this data base

the raw data from each study should be acquired. In tandem with

this request it is essential to obtain a detailed account of the

methods by which each data set were collected, analyzed, and

summarized. Usually, this information is contained within a

written report. Without knowledge of how samples were collected

and analyzed, interpretation of the data from different studies

may lead to erroneous conclusions if the data were collected or

analyzed via different methods. If this is the case it will be

necessary to determine whether or not the data can be compared

for purposes of assessing the system. If in doubt, we

recommend consulting with the author or authors of the various

reports.

As data sources are acquired, a computer data base should be

ustablished for the study area. We recommend establishing a

master data file (all parameters) and separate data files for

each parameter on which information is available. Thus, as you

accumulate reports containing salinity data, the data can be

entered into a salinity data file and master data file in the

computer.

When all information has been collected, an initial data

analysis using descriptive statistics should be conducted. The

purpose of this is to examine the pattern or patterns in the data

over time and/or between sample locations. For the entire data

set it may be appropriate to perform other statistical tests

such as correlation coefficients and analyses of variance or

covariance. These procedures will provide insights into possible

relationships between one or more of the variables.

Unusual changes in the behavior of a parameter should be

examined in relation to unusual changes in the land use pattern

in the watershed. For example, increased turbidity levels may be

observed when a pine forest was cut and burned and the land

converted to agricultural use. Or increased nutrient levels may

be found when a new sewer plant was built and began discharging

into a major tributary of an estuarine system.

The acquisition and analysis of data collected by others may

be the major source of data for your monitoring program. it

is possible, although less desirable, to conduct analyses of data

collected by others and synthesize the results to produce a

ongoing monitoring program for the study area. A monitoring

program of this type is less than ideal but it is better than no

program at all.

The importance of the preliminary work described above

cannot be over emphasized. Any monitoring program that is not

based on a review of existing information and knowledge of the

watershed wi-1.1 never do more than provide limited information.

Designing a Monitoring Program

There are four elements to be considered when designing a

monitoring program: choosing the parameters to be monitored;

determining the frequency at which samples will be collected;

determining the station locations; and conducting a data analysis

(Thoemke 1986) with the exception of conducting a data analysis

the first three tasks are collectively done. For purposes of

discussion each element will be separately discussed.

Choosing Parameters to be monitored

A review of the scientific information on estuaries shows

that there are many parameters and groups of parameters that have

been studied at one time or another. For purposes of designing a

monitoring program these parameters can be grouped as physical,

chemical and biological. We will assume that the budget

constraints imposed on the choice of parameters have been

accounted for.

While there are many physical parameters. which could be

monitored the core group of parameters which should serve as the

backbone of the monitoring program include temperature,

salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, rainfall and tidal

level. If it does not exist, a long term data base should be

collected for these parameters.

The core group of parameters are good indicators of what is

occurring within the system. Salinity is the most critical

parameter within the core group. Although estuarine areas are

characterized by fluctuating salinities during the course of a

year, the naturally occurring cycle is predictable. Estuarine

salinities increase as freshwater input decreases and decreases

when freshwater inflow increases. Because many estuarine

organisms depend upon a certain salinity range to complete their

life cycle, deviations from the expected normal ranges are

indicators that either a natural or man induced change is

occurring within the system. Hines et al (1987) discusses the

importance of a long term salinity data base. Variations in

temperature are usually predictable based on the time of the

year. Fluxuations in the pH are usually definable for the same

reasons outlined for changes in salinity.

Dissolved oxygen values fluctuate over a wide range within

the estuary. They are related to both the temperature and

salinity of the water. Extreme low values of DO serve as an

indicator of poor estuarine health. Turbidity is highly variable

throughout estuarine systems in Florida. The degree of turbidity

depends on suspended materials that enter the estuary via

freshwater inflow and resuspension via wind and tidal action.

Elevated turbidities can surpress phytoplankton growth and

survival of submerged aquatic vegetation.

The equipment for measuring temperature, pH, salinity and

dissolved oxygen should be designed of measuring these parameters

in situ. Readings should be taken at the surface and bottom.

Stratification in any of these parameters should be recorded and

nutrient samples (discussed below) should be taken in each

layer. Physical parameter data for the Thousand Islands study

(temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were collected

with a Hydrolab (Model 4083). While these parameters can be

measured with other instruments, the ease and convenience of

measuring all parameters in one overboard probe was found to be

time saving. If the instrument is properly calibrated and

handled, it has proved to be very accurate during field sampling.

In addition to these physical parameters, a small bottle of water

should be collected for laboratory analysis of turbidity.

Rainfall and tidal level data are important parameters to

measure in the core group. Both the amount of rainfall within

the estuarine area and watershed and tidal fluxuations will be

useful in relating changes in salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen

to the rainfall events. If one or more tide gauges are not

already@ present in the area, at least one tide gauge should be

installed. If one or more rain gauges are not in place, then at

Jua,,;L onu@ rccording rain gauge, should be installed. Because of

the tropical rainfall pattern of rainfall in Florida, it is not

unusual for part of the watershed to receive a different amount

of rainfall compared to a relatively close area. For this

reason, we recommended that more than one rain gauge be installed

within the watershed. Prior to deciding how many rain gauges

should be placed within the watershed, check with the National

Weather Service, airports, Water Management District Offices,

County Government offices, Mosquito Control Districts and

agricultural facilities to assess the location of existing rain

gauges.

Chemical parameter data are the second type of

information for which baseline data should be obtained. The

parameters included in this group are ammonium, nitrate and

orthophosphate. Nitrogen and phosphorous represent the important

classes of dissolved inorganic nutrients which occur in the water

column. These nutrients are essential for primary producers.

Levels of dissolved nutrients within the system serve as an

indicator as to the degree of organic enrichment of the system.

The purpose of collecting baseline dissolved nutrient data from

the water column is to determine whether nutrient enrichment is

occurring within the study area. If station locations and

sampling frequency are properly designed you may obtain strong

indications of where the source of nutrient input is located.

Monitoring of dissolved nutrientsis not intended to detect

changes in nutrient levels between the water column and the

sediments or provide a detailed analysis of nutrient cycling

within the system. A more rigorous research project is necessary

to obtain this information. The results of the nutrient

monitoring should suggest types of further scientific research on

nutrient cycling that should be conducted within the area.

Sample analyses for the pilot study of the Ten Thousand

Islands for nutrients were conducted using the methods of

Strickland and Parsons (1972) and Parsons et al (1984). The

technique was slightly modified so that a microtechnique could be

used (Carlson, personal communication). Sampling procedures are

provided in Appendix II.

During the planning stages for this project both the water

chemistry laboratory of the Florida Department of Environmental

Regulation and the U.S. Environmental Protectional Agency

Laboratory were contacted concerning availability of a

standardized and approved method of nutrient analysis

for estuarine water. At present no such standards or

certification exists. We recommend the Department of

Environmental Regulation develop these standards. Results of

analyses from a certified lab will be less questionable in legal

cases and would be better received during the rule making process

of regulatory agencies.

While obtaining baseline data for these parameters is highly

desirable we recognize that nutrient analyses require specialized

equipment. We do not recommended each facility or aquatic

preserve have the equipment to analyze nutrients. This is not

cost or time effective at this stage of the Aquatic Preserve

pL U(J L-ant. Wu EUCCA11111U11dud OwL 011c Or 1110ru rugional water

chemistry laboratories be established within the aquatic preserve

system. Each facility would provide analytical work for several

aquatic preserves.

As a part of this grant such a facility has been established

at Rookery Bay. The equipment purchased with funds from this

grant is capable of conducting nutrient analyses. With a full

time technician the present capacity for processing samples for

the nutrient parameters discussed in this report is 300 complete

nutrient samples per week.

Monitoring biological parameters is more time consuming and

uxpensive than monitoring physical and chemical parameters. In

addition it requires a specific expertise in one or more groups

of estuarine organisms. Consequently monitoring or designing a

monitoring program for biological variables must be approached

cautiously. If the study area has no data concerning biological

parameters, we recommended to first develop a comprehensive

species list for the area. Ideally this list should include

information on the density and distribution of each species.

Particular attention should be devoted to identifying any

organisms that are known to be indicators of water quality

problems. If these organisms (bioindicators) can be identified,

then emphasis on their abundance and distribution should be

studied.

Long turm monitoring of bioindicators is an effective method

of monitoring the long term effects of pollution on a system

(Segar et al 1987). One group of organisms that have received

considerable attention are bivalves. Farrington et al (1987)

discussed the use of bivalve species as bioindicators for

monitoring the levels of some chemicals in the estuarine

environment.

While recent papers and literature such as those noted above

emphasize the importance of biological monitoring, this type of

monitoring may not be of primary importance for some Florida

estuaries. In areas such as Rookery Bay and the Ten Thousand

Islands where the estuarine watersheds have not been severely

impacted by industrial or extensive agricultural runoff, factors

such as the quantity and timing of fresh water entering the

estuarine system are more important management concerns. In

these areas biological monitoring, which is extremely time

consuming, is not recommended as part of the initial monitoring

program. However if a sufficient database of physical and

chemical data are available then a plan to monitor selected

groups of organisms should be planned.

For some systems, special parameters should be monitored.

Areas that have industrial discharges or extensive agricultural

activity should consider baseline sampling for pesticides and

heavy metals in the water column, sediments and or tissues of

organisms such as oysters, clams and mussels. Because of the

highly specialized equipment necessary to detect these compounds,

arrangements for analysis must be made with a well equipped

laboratory at a major university, private laboratory or state

laboratory. Initial analysis for Rookery Bay was contracted

with the Water Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health and

Rehabilitative services in Jacksonville. (Thoemke and Gyorkos

1987)

Determining Sampling Frequency

The second factor to be considered when designing a

monitoring program is the frequency at which samples are

collected. As was the case in determining which parameters to

monitor this question is also influenced by the funds and staff

available.

When dealing with sampling frequency there are two scales of

concern: short term temporal variation such as over a tidal

cycle and long term temporal variation such as over the course of

a five year period. For purposes of designing a monitoring

program it is impractical to deal with a long term database that

is monitoring to detect short term temporal variations. Rather, a

long term study should involve determining long term temporal

variations (Hines et al 1987).

Based on our previous work (Thoemke and Gyorkos 1987) and

the sampling program developed for the Ten Thousand Island, we

recommend the core group of physical parameters be sampled at a

interval not exceeding every other week. Weekly sampling is

preferable. Samples taken less frequently than this may not

accurately represent the range of annual variation. Nutrient

samples should be collected at a frequency not to exceed one

month intervals. Biological samples should be collected at

intervals not exceeding four times per year. While these

sampling frequencies may seem inadequate it is important to

remember that data will be collected over a multiyear period. The

data are intended to describe long term distributions and

concentrations. Sampling at frequencies that are used in short

term studies (1-3 years) would be preferred but is not realistic

given the man power and budget of the Bureau of Aquatic Preserves

at this point in their history.

There is one exception to the sampling frequency described

in the preceding paragraph. There should be increase in the

frequency of sampling during periods of extreme events. This

would include storm and drought events. Hines (et al 1987) and

Mitchell and Mitchell (1980) have discussed the importance of

extreme events on the distribution of estuarine organisms.

During these unusual occurrences sampling frequency should be

increased in order to detect at what levels and duration the

changes occur during this event. Extreme events probably control

the distribution of estuarine organisms more than any other

factor.

Additional detailed discussions concerning sampling

frequency are provided in Boyle (1987) and Green (1979). Both

references should be consulted when planning a monitoring

program.

Determining Station Locations

The third element of designing a monitoring program is

determining the station locations. A number of factors will

influence this decision. In addition to the obvious concerns of

manpower and funding, station locations should be determined

based upon the analysis of the existing database. From the

background information collected about the area, station

locations should be chosen to correspond to any previously

designated sampling area from which there is a significant amount

of data. This will facilitate the comparison of data collected

in the monitoring program with previously collected data. The

same consideration should also be given to the frequency at which

the data is collected.

Particuiarly desirabie station locations include the mouth

and one or more upstream sites of tidal channels and drainage

canals, the tidally connected openings of estuarine bays and

lagoons to oceanic waters and stations along a salinity gradient

if other than previously described. Sampling along a salinity

gradient allows for data analysis using the conservative mixing

model (Barton and Liss, 1976) described in the data analysis

section of this report.

Designing an effective monitoring program for an estuarine

area may necessitate sampling areas at the headwaters of the

estuary or into some of the freshwater regions. Because of the

importance of the freshwater within the estuaries watershed, it

is appropriate for monitoring activities to extend into the

upland portion of the watershed.

Station locations in the Ten Thousand Islands were chosen in

the headwater bays, channels and Gulf front channel openings of

the study area (Figure 2). These stations also corresponded to

seasonal salinity gradients which occurred during the rainy

season months.

Green (1979) discusses the importance of taking randomly

allocated replicate samples. Sampling areas (i.e. station

locations) that are chosen for the monitoring program should be

large enough to allow the collection of random samples within

each sampling location. They should not be so small as to allow

for only a single discreet sample station to be chosen. A

complete discussion on the philosophy and rational for choosing

station locations is beyond the scope of this report. The reader

is referred to Green (1979) for a more detailed discussion on

choosing station locations.

Data Analysis

once data have been collected it is important to analyze the

results and make interpretations about the system. Keeping in

mind that this is a monitoring program and not a scientific

study, a detailed statistical analysis is not required.

Descriptive statistics such as the mean, standard deviation and

variance are the first level of data analysis that should be

conducted. These results should be presented in either graph or

table form depending upon the amount of data to be presented.

The analysis of the data using a correlation coefficient

matrix is also very useful. Correlation coefficients express the

amount of relationship and dependence of one variable on another.

Usually this is interpreted as one parameter controlling or

regulating by another. This information can be very useful in

inferring what types of management problems exist within the

estuarine area. For example, a high correlations between

elevated dissolved nutrient levels and low salinity suggests that

nutrients are coming from an upland source.

If sampling stations are located along a salinity gradient

the behavior of the dissolved constituents in relation to changes

in salinity can be analyzed using the conservative index of

mixing (Burton and Liss 1976). In a conservatively mixed estuary

the concentration of a constituent (parameter) will exhibit a

linear variation along a salinity gradient. If the concentration

of the constituent varies from the linear relationship it

indicates either the addition or removal of that constituent from

the system (Figure 3). Extreme deviations from the theoretical

dilution line in a narrow salinity range would indicate the

addition or removal of a constituent (Figure 3). Data analyzed

in this fashion can provide strong inferences as to the location

of potential point and non-puint source discharges of pollutants

to the estuary.

It is likely that after a few years your monitoring program

will bu dealing with laryc zAwounts of data. This makes the use

of a personal computer with spreadsheet and data base software

program essential. A data file for all parameters should be

established. In addition a separate data file for all

information on individual parameters should be created. Assuming

that the data in your monitoring program was collected using

compatible methods, you can merge your data set with the

historical data sets from other studies.

Data analysis and the presentation of results from

biological monitoring will vary depending upon the type of or

group of organisms being sampled. Benthic invertebrate and fish

data should be analyzed for average number of individuals per

sample, total number of species per sample, the density or unit

of area, the average size per species, the sex ratio and presence

of egg bearing females. In general, any life history parameter

that can easily be collected as part of the sampling program

should be noted.

After data have been analyzed and the results interpreted,

the final step in the design and implementation of the monitoring

program should be to prepare reports summarizing what has been

learned about the area. At least three types of reports should

be prepared. If sufficient information exists, a separate

summary report of previously collected data should be completed.

Second, yearly summaries of the results of the monitoring program

should be prepared. These will function as periodic reviews of

the data so that any changes which may be occurring in the system

can be described.

The third, and most time consuming is a comprehensive report

of all the data known about the system. The synthesis should

contain easily interpretable graphics and concise summaries for

each parameter on which data exists. A general discussion should

follow which interprets the results and relates their meaning to

the past, present and future management of the system. The

summary report prepared for the Apalachicola system (Livingston,

1980) is the type of synthesis and summary document which should

be prepared for each Aquatic Preserve.

Periodically a revaluation of your monitoring program and

management plan should be conducted. The results of previous and

current studies will reveal ways in which to update and enhance

the monitoring program as well as provide the information

necessary to analyze and if appropriate, revise the management

objectives and policies of the study site. Thus, this entire

process is part of a self feeding loop that goes on indefinitely.

Monitoring Progra Duration

Once a sampling program has been planned, the program should

be continued for a minimum of three years. Ideally the program

should continue indefinitely. However given the realities of

funding long term monitoring programs it is unlikely that data

can be continuously collected. We recommend the Aquatic Preserve

Program change this policy by providing sufficient staff and

funds to maintain an ongoing basic monitoring program. As a

minimun this should include monitoring the core group of physical

parameters: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen,

turbidity, rainfall and tidal level.

The other data sets: nutrients and biological parameters

should be collected for an initial period of at least three

years. This amount of time is necessary to establish whether the

annual cycles observed are representative of typical years. if

budget and staff constraints do not permit continous monitoring

we recommend altering nutrient and biological monitoring

programst sampling nutrient on even years and biological

parameters on odd years for example. Over the long term this

should provide satisfactory information concerning long term

changes and behavior in the parameters being studied.

The Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve Study

Using the procedures outlined in this report a baseline

monitoring program for the Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands

Aquatic Preserve has been initiated. The background search

revealed several references but comparatively little scientific

data about the system. The size of the watershed was determined

from documents obtained from the Collier County Comprehensive

Plan (1983). A vegetation analysis of the estuarine area was

conducted using a LANDSAT image and ERDAS software.

A review of the information available on this system

resulted in choosing the sample stations located along salinity

gradients indicated in Figure 2. Sampling was initiated in

April, 1987 at 14 stations. Samples are collected every 2 weeks.

The parameters for which data are being collected include;

temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, secchi disk

readings, turbitity, BOD, suspended solids, ortho phosphate,

ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, chlorophyll a, b and c and

phaeopigment. The insitu parameters are measured with a Hydrolab

(Model 3038). Laboratory analysis of turbitity, BOD, and

nutrient and chlorophyll analyses are conducted using an

Orionoxygen probe and incubation box, HF turbidity meter and

Perkin Elmer spectrophotometer respectively. Methods for

laboratory analysis are contained in appendix II. Appendix III

contains the raw data through September 1987. Due to the

ificuillpIQLU daLa suL, an analysis has not been conducted.

Sampling will continue into April 1988 at which time a

preliminary report of the results of the data from the first year

will be prepared. This report will contain the literature search

and information concerning the watershed.

Summary and Conclusions

The recommendations and design for a monitoring program for

Aquatic Preserves made in this report are based on our previous

experiences and new information learned from this study. Some

difficult decisions concerning the type of parameters to be

monitored and the frequency at which data should be collected

must be made. This report should be considered as a first attempt

at designing a monitoring program for the Aquatic Preserves that

takes into account current thinking on designing monitoring

programs, the staff and funding available for the Bureau of

Aquatic Preserves and the amount of information that is available

for each site.

The conclusions and recommendations of this report are

summarized as follows:

1. A monitoring program is need for the aquatic preserves.

2. The goal of this program should be to assess the status of

the system and provide data for management policy and decision

making.

3. The questions which the monitoring program should attempt to

answer are: What is the present status of the area, is the area

being stressed, and are the present management policies effective

in dealing with management issues?

4. The first step in designing a monitoring program is to

collect , background information about the system. This

information should include a review of the scientific literature,

government reports, gray literature, historical accounts and

available maps and photos.

5. Field offices for Aquatic Preserves should establish a

computerized reprint collection for background information.

6. The boundaries of the Aquatic Preserves watershed must be

defined. Information concerning the quantity, quality and timing

of fresh water entering the estuary, land use and vegetation

patterns of the watershed must be determined.

7. Careful consideration must be given to defining the watershed

since most areas in Florida have been affected by the

construction of roads and canals and upland residential and

commercial development.

8. Help is available from the U.S. Geological Survey and Water

Management Districts in defining the watershed.

9. When all background information has been acquired an initial

analysis of the data set should be conducted in order to

determine the type of parameters to be monitored and how the data

should be collected.

10. The background data uncovered during the discovery phase

should be entered into a computer data base for future analysis

with the data collected from your monitoring program.

11. Designing a monitoring program involves four elements:

Choosing the parameters to be monitored, determining sampling

frequency, determining station location and conducting an

analysis of the data. A core group of physical parameters is the

minimum data set for the monitoring program. Ideally these data

should be continuously collected.

12. Dissolved nutrients should be sampled to determine if

enrichment problems are occurring. Nutrient enrichment is a

major source of estuarine habitat degradation.

13. Biological data should be collected after an initial

physical and chemical data have been obtained. When conducting

biological monitoring, bioindicaters species should be identified.

14. Sampling frequency for the core parameters should be an

interval not greater than 2 weeks. Nutrient sampling should be

at an interval not greater than one month. Biological sampling

should not be at an interval greater than 4 times per year.

15. Intense sampling of the system should be done during

extreme events.

16. Station locations should be based on establishing stations

along a salitity gradient and include sites where data were

collected in previous studies.

17. Data analysis should be limited to descriptive statistics,

correlations and conservative versus nonconservative mixing

models.

18. The duration of the initial monitoring program for an aquatic

preserve should be a minimum of three years.

Finally we recommend the Bureau of Aquatic Preserves provide

sufficient staff and funding to conduct a basic monitoring

program for all aquatic preserves as outlined in this report.

Successful management of these systems depends upon having an

understanding of the physical, chemical and biological conditions

within the preserve. This information is best obtained from a

monitoring program. The results of the monitoring program will

be used to specify research that addresses specific management

questions. In turn this information will enhance the monitoring

program via a feedback cycle between research and monitoring.

The results of monitoring program will also be valuable for

the education program of the aquatic preserves. The results of

both monitoring and research can be directly used in educating

the public and professionals concerning the problems of the

preserve and whether the management policies in effect are

dealing successfully with the problems.

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Ken Haddad and Paul Carlson for their

technical assistance, Steve Bertone for his field and laboratory

help, Ray Bearfield and Beverly Friar for their work in preparing

the manuscript.

Literature Cited

Belle Meade - Royal Palm Hammock Water Management Plan. 1982. Big
Cypress Basin Board of the South Florida Water Management
District.

Boyle, Terence P. Ed. 1987. New Approaches to Monitoring
Aquatic Ecosystems. American Society for Testing and
Materials. Baltimore, Maryland.

Burton, J. D. and P. S. Liss, Eds. 1976. Estuarine Chemistry.
Academic Press, New York.

Collier County Comprehensive Plan. 1983. Board of Commissioners,
Naples, Florida.

Cross, R. and D. Williams, Eds. 1981. Proceedings of the
National Symposium on Freshwater Inflow to Estuaries. U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services.
FWS/OBS-81/04. 2 Vol.

Drew, Richard D. and N. Scott Schomer. 1984. An Ecological
Characterization of the Caloosahatchee River/Big Cypress
Watershed. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS-82/58.2.

Farrington, J. W., A.C. Davis, B.W. Tripp, D.K. Phelps, and W.B.
Galloway, 1987. Mussel Watch - Measurements of Chemical
Pollutants in Bivalves as One Indicator of Coastal
Environmental Quality. In, New Approaches to Monitoring
Acluatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP 940, T. P. Boyle, Ed., American
Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia. pp. 125-
139.

Flemer, David A., Thomas C. Malone, Herbert M. Austin, Walter R.
Boynton, Robert B. Biggs, and L. Eugene Cronin. 1983. How
Should Research and Monitoring Be Integrated? In, Ten
Critical Questions for Chesapeake Bay in Research and
Related Matter, Chesapeake Research Consortium, Publication
No. 113, L. Eugene Cronin, Editor.

Green, Roger 11. 1979. Sampling Design and Statistical Methods
for Environmental Biologists. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Hines, A. H., P.J. Haddon, J.J. Miklas, L.A. Wiechert, and
A.M.Haddon. 1987. Estuarine Invertebrates and Fish:
Sampling Design and Constraints for Long-Term Measurements
of Population Dynamics. In, New Approaches to Monitoring
Aquatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP 940, T. P. Boyle, Ed., American
Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia. pp. 140-164.

Livingston, Robert J. 1983. Resource Atlas of the Apalachicola
Estuary. Report Number 55, Florida Sea Grant College.

Master Plan for Water Management District No. 6, Collier County,
Florida. 1974. Prepared by Black, Crow and Eidsness, Inc.
Engineers.

Master Plan Update for Water Management District No. 6. 1985. Big
Cypress Basin Board, South Florida Water Management
District. Prepared by Wilson, Miller, Barton, Soll & Peek,
Inc. Naples, Florida.

Milon, J. Walter and Charles M. Adams. 1985. The Economic Impact
of Florida�s Recreational Boating Industry in 1987. Florida
Sea Grant College Publication, Technical Paper No. 50.

Mitchell, Catherine and R. Mitchell. 1980. Freshwater Flows to
Estuaries Required for Nature Conservation. Nature
Conservancy Council. Chief Scientists Notes, No. 22.

O'Connor, J. S. and D.A. Flemer. 1987. Monitoring, Research and
Management: Integration for Decisionmaking in Coastal
Marine Environments. In New Approaches to Monitoring Aquatic
Ecusystums, ASTM STP 940, T. P. ]3oyl(-,, Ed. , American Society
for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia. pp. 70-90.

Parsons, Timothy R., Yoshiaki Maita, and Carol M. Lalli.
1984. A manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for
Seawater Analysis. Pergamon Press, New York.

Perry, J. A., F.J. Schaeffer, and E.E.Herricks. 1987. Innovative
Designs for Water Quality Monitoring: Are We Asking the
Questions Before the Data Are Collected? In, New Approaches
to Monitoring Aquatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP 940, T. P. Boyle,
Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials.
Philadelphia. pp 28-39.

Segar, Douglas A., David J. H. Phillips, and Elaine Stamman.
1987. Strategies for Long-term Pollution Monitoring of the
Coastal Oceans. In New Approaches to Monitoring Aquatic
Ecosystems. ASTM STP 940, T. P. Boyle, Ed., American Society
for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia. pp. 12-27.

Strickland, J.D.H. and T.R. Parsons. 1972. A Practical
Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, Ottawa.

Thoemke, Kris W. 1985. Management Strategies for a Mangrove
Estuary. In, Coastal Zone '85, Orville T. Magoon, Hugh
Converse, Dallas Miner, Delores Clark and L. Thomas Tobin,
Eds, American Society of Civil Engineers. New York. pp.
1898-1910.

Thoemke, Kris W. 1986. Designing an Estuarine Monitoring
Program: Choosing from the Parameter Smorgasbord. In,
Oceans 86, IEEE. New York. pp. 852-855.

Thoemke, Kris W. and Kenneth P.Gyorkos. 1987. An Analysis of

Nutrient, Chlorophyll, Heavy Metal and Pesticide Levels in
Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and
Distribution and Abundance of Benthic Invertebrates in
Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Final Grant
Report to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Office of Oceanic and Coastal Resource Management.

Zwick, Charles J. 1987. Florida's Future Under the State
Comprehensive Plan. Florida Environmental and Urban Issues,
14: 6-8.

CAT NO. 749
AUTHORS OSTRY, ROBERT C.

DATE 1982
TITLE RELATIONSHIP OF WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOADS TO LAND
USES IN ADJOINING WATERSHEDS

SOURCE WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN, VOL. 18, NO. 1

KEYWORDS WATERSHED, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION SOURCES, URBAN RUNOFF,
POINT SOURCE, AGRICULTURE RUNOFF

Figure 1. Typical citation from dBase III computer library system.

VW3 HOW WVA

Figure 2. Station location for the Ten Thousand Island Aquatic
Preserve area. 1

0 Addition

4J
Removal
J. .1

J.
41
0
r.
0

0 Theor, L dilution line
L

Addition

Theoretical
0 % %
dilution line

%
%
4J %
a
Removal

0 Point Source Discharge

V
0
40
.U
C. Oe
91@
V
4J 1.1,
r.
04

100

Low Salinity High IC

Fig. 3. Idealized representation of the relationship between
concentration of a dissolved component and a conservative index
of mixing, for an estuary in which there are single sources of
0,
,/AdditiO
Moo,

river and sea water: (a) for a component (A) whose concentration
is greater in sea water than in river water and (b) for a
c(nill)(aient (B) whose concunLration is greater in river water than
iii -iej w,jLer. (Redrawn frout Burton and Liss. 1976). (c) Idealized
representation of a point source discharge.

Appendix I. Sources of Maps and Aerial Photographs.

1. local government -

Several types of maps are available from your county

government offices. The types found for Collier County include

unyincuriny , kED1 , counLy duvelopment , and composite maps. In

addition the county's Natural Resources Management Department has

a complete set of aerial photos. Local government offices are a

good place to start looking for information.

2. U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) -

Many aerial photographs and maps have been compiled, and

area indexed and stored on microfiche with the USGS. Using this

source you may order maps and photos from the early 1950's to the

present. This is a good agency to use which may save many hours

of searching other less inclusive sources.

US Geological Survey

National Cartography Information Center

507 National Center

Reston, VA 22092

(7 0 3) 8 6 0- 6 16 7

3. United States Department Agriculure -

The United States Department of Agriculture has an extensive

collection of aerial photography. To order images send a map of

area with the preserve location illustrated and a description of

the size and type of image needed. Photographs are available from

1952, 1953, 1963, 1980, and 1982 - 1984 in two sizes. Black and

white image are $ 3.00 for a 9"x9" and $ 12.00 for a 24"x24"

image.

Aerial Photography Field Office, ASCS-USDA

2222 West 2300 South, PO Box 30010, Salt Lake City

801-524-5856

Frank Mackeletere is the contact person

4. National Cartrography Information Center -

Aerial photographs are indexed on the Summary Recode System, a

listing of photographs available from government and private

sources.

NASA

Slidell, Ms.

601-688-3541

Hank Svehlak is the contact person

5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

From this agency you can obtain information from the Office

of Satellite Operations, Satellite data processing, National

Climatic data center, oceanographic data, Geophysical data, and

Assessment and information services.

Office of External Relati.ons

Information and Communication Unit

E/ER3 NESDIS, NOAA

Room 3308, FB-4

Washington, D.C. 20233

6. Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory

This agency has been involved in preparing base line

vegetation maps for the aquatic preserves using satellite

imagery. Satellite imagery can be ordered from the two sources

EOSAT or SPOT. The first source uses a satellite capable of

analyzing 30 meter pixel images and SPOT data has 10 meter pixel

resolution. The latter however does not determine differences in

vegetation as well as the EOSAT images. Processing of raw data

from a satellite image must be done on a mainframe computer that

also has personal computer system capabilities. Purchasing an

image is expensive and cost will be a major factor involved in

the decision to use this type of information. The imagery

utilized at the Rookery Bay office is recieved and processed by

the Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Lab in St.

Petersburg, Florida. We recommend you contact the lab prior to

using a satellite image.

Florida DNR Marine Lab

100 8th Ave SE

St. Petersburg, Fl. 33701

(813) 896-8626

Ken Haddad is the contact person.

Specific questions and inforination can be obtained from:

EOSAT

4300 Forbes Blvd

Lanham, MD. 20706

(800) 344-9933

SPOT

1897 Preston White Drive

Reston, Virginia 22091-4326

(703) 620-2200

7. Florida Department of Agriculture

This agency can supply aerial photos of most areas of the

state. They come in the form of contact prints form for the older

sources and index sheets for the newer photos.

Agriculture Stabilization Conservation Service

PO Box 670

Gainsville, Fl. 32602

904-372-8549

the contact person is Ronnie Keller

8. University of Florida -

State universities are a good source for maps and aerial

photographs. Larger schools have full service libraries that can

handle map listings or are familiar with locations of such

listings. The University of Florida has a map library with

extensive holdings and can order maps not in the library's files.

University of Gainsville Library

Gainsville, Fl. 32602

(904) 392-0341

Helen Armstrong is the map librarian

Appendix II. Field and Laboratory Procedures.

1. Nutrient Parameters - Triplicate samples were collected from

each location at mid depth using a horizontal water sampling

bottle . The samples were filtered in the field using a 50 ml

syringe and a Gelman 25mm filter holder containing a 25mm Gelman

0.45um membrane filter. The filtrate was transfered to an acid

washed and nano pure water rinsed 15ml polystyrene screw cap

centrifuge tube. Special care is needed when handling the tubes.

Touching the rim or inside of the tube with your hands or fingers

will contaminate the samples and result in inaccurate readings.

The tubes were stored in the dark and on ice until returned

to the lab. The samples were frozen until processing could be

completed. Analysis of the samples was always completed within

two days of collection.

Analysis of the nutrient samples was conducted using the

procedures of Strickland and Parsons (1972) and Parsons et al.

(1984). The volumes used in these analysis were reduced by a

factor of 10 for all blanks, samples and reagents. These micro

procedures were recommended by Paul Carlson at the DNR Marine Lab

in St. Petersburg, Fl. Reduction of sample and reagent volumes

also requires the cadmium columns for nitrate reduction be

reduced in size. A 5cc syringe was used for the reduction

procedure. The reduction of samples and reagents results in

considerable savings of time and money.

2. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - Samples were collected at mid

depth using a horizontal water sampling bottle. Standard BOD

bottles were carefully filled in the field and stored in a cool

ice chest. The initial and five day dissolved oxygen levels were

read in the lab with a Orion 0 meter to determine oxygen uptake

by non-photosynthetic organisms.

3. Fmfqwnd(@rl Solid!; - Smnplos wore collected in the fi-eld with

the horizontal water sampling bottle, placed in 250ml opaque

Nalgene bottles and kept in a cool ice chest. Upon return to the

lab each sample was filtered onto preweighed Whatman glass fiber

filters and dried in a Blue M oven at 50 C after drying the

filter papers were reweighed. Particulate (suspended solids)

weightwas determined by subtraction. Samples may be refrigerated

and analyzed up to seven days later.

4. Turbidity Samples - A sample from the suspended solid sample

bottle was taken to and analyzed using an Hf Instruments

Turbidity Meter.

ST20 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m c PH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/l
CTFIPRI5 1739 1.7 0.4 26.29 7.76 6.62 51 0.719 33.5 11 0.365 0.395
26.35 7.72 6.17 51 0.205 33.5 40 1.6133 3.51
CTFPR29 1413 1.2 0.5 25.61 7.44 6.62 56.2 0.225 37.4 2.5 -0.406 0.196
25.49 7.43 6.14 56.4 0.22 37.4 2.3 -0.203 0.275
CTMRY13 ABORT

CTMRY27 1706 1.4 0.6 28.61 7.71 6.83 47.8 0.234 31.1 4.1 0.9271 0.22
28.57 7.67 6.78 47.8 0.229 31.1 9.2 0.9563 0.28
CTJLINIO ABORT

CTJUN24 1553 1.2 0.6 32.79 7.58 5.94 49.2 0.155 32.2 2.4 1.2118 0.621
32.76 7.57 5. 71B 49.4 0.153 32.2 4.4 1.5257 0.525
CTJLL23 1553 1.2 0.6 32.79 7.58 5.94 49.2 0.155 32.2 3.8 0.7081 0
32.76 7.57 5.78 49.4 0.153 32.2 9.8 0.5621 0
CTRUG6 1246 2.2 0.5 32.4 7.51 5.24 46.5 0-152 30.2 9.4 0.219 0.413 0
31.94 7.51 4.3 47 0.151 30.4 0.2 0.1533 0.325
CTSEP2 1231 1.8 1 31.51 7.29 3.41 38.6 0.136 24.6 15 -0.1771 0.564
Ln 31 7.36 2.82 43 0.132 27. IB 5. e 1.26 0.822 (D

0
0
date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3
CTAPR15 0.015 0.0203 0.0111 0.7438
CTAPR29 0.044 0.0174 0.0103 0.724 0.6423 18.2065 22.6204 -3.4313
En
CTMRY13 MORT
CTMRY27 0.013 0.2627 0.0116 0.732 0.1625 3.4733 1.6Oe7 2.3019
CTJUNIO MORT
CTJLJN24 0.6226 0.004 0.1773 -1.1401 0.5233 10.8776 14.5996 10.7045 En
CTJLL23 0.007 0.0204 0.0377 7.8589 0.3898 4.6831 6.1036 10.4991
CTALIG6 0.0268 0.0311 0.0244 1.6744 1.1279 31.2339 40.0499 30.7625
CTSEP2 2.OB69 0.2032 0.2111 -1.7066 1.0131 23.2553 29.7278 20.5174

ST30 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c pH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/1 mg/l
CTRPR15 172e 2.2 0.4 25.26 7.81 6.7 52.8 0.207 34.8 30 0 0.462
25.27 7.79 6.26 52.8 0.204 34-9 9 0 0.426
CTRPP-29 1401 1.4 0.3 24.62 7.54 6.96 56.4 0.256 37.5 7.2 0 1.524
24-63 7.54 6.53 56 0.245 37.5 3.4 0 0.098
CTMRY13 MORT

CTMRY27 1644 1.6 0.6 27.37 7.7 6 49.8 0.24 32.1 1.1 0.7884 0.219
27.37 7.69 5.72 50 0.232 32.8 6 0.525 0.932
CTJLJNIO 1644 2 0.3 29.77 7.55 7.1 50.3 0. 061B 33 10.3 0.826 0.456
29.75 7.54 6. 71B 50.4 0.07 32.9 10.6 1.057 0.4
CTJLR424 1546 1.3 0.8 32.16 7.62 4.86 51.7 0.155 34.1 1.064 0
32.2 7.61 4.67 52 0.153 34.3 2.079 0
CTJUL23 1546 1.3 0-8 32.16 7.62 4.86 51.7 0.155 34.1 1.106 0
32.2 7.61 4.67 52 0.153 34.3 1.176 0
CTRUG6 123e 2.1 0-7 31.94 7.6 5.02 47.5 0.144 31 6.1 0.2263 a
31.6 7.6 4.74 47.7 0.143 31.1 5.5 0.4745 0
Ln CTSEP2 1221 0.9 0.8 31.55 7.46 4.05 43.8 0.13 28.2 5.4 1.665 0.537
31-56 7.46 4.16 43.9 0.128 28.4 8.4 0.84 0.312

ST40 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c pH mg/l amhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/I mg/l
CTPPRI5 1717 2.8 0.5 25-21 7-84 6.28 53.4 0- 183 35.2 4.2 0.931 0.451
25-19 7.82 6.23 53.4 0.181 35.3 10 0.812 0.151
CTRPR29 1350 2.6 0.7 24.74 7.56 7.04 56.2 0.247 37.4 6.2 -0.042 0.146
24-44 7-57 6.64 56.2 0.242 37.3 2.1 -0.063 0.35
CTMAY13 1641 2.2 0.6 28.25 ED MAL 5.45 55.9 ED MAL 37-1 7 5.131B 2.176
28-37 ED MAL 5.29 56 ED MAL 37.2 10.4 5.068 2.276
CTMAY27 16.35 3.6 0.6 27. 41B 7-75 6.75 so 0.244 32. IB 6 0.1319 0.625
27-31 7.73 6.19 50.6 0.239 33.2 8 0.6862 0.527
CTJUNIO 1654 1.4 0.5 29.57 7.55 6.75 50.4 0.062 33.1 10.2 0.735 0.551
29.S5 7-54 6.41 50.4 0.066 33.1 10.6 0.651 1.212
CTJUN24 1536 3 0.7 31.94 7.66 4.96 52.6 0.156 34.7 2 1.134 0.649
31.87 7.64 4.66 52.7 0.154 34.8 2 0.798 1.006
CTJUL23 1536 3 0.7 31.94 7.66 4.% 52.6 0.156 34.7 6.2 1.561 0
31.67 7.64 4.66 52.7 0.154 34.8 10 0.959 0
CTRUG6 1226 5.5 0-7 31.99 7.65 5.68 47.5 0. 141B 30.9 0.05 0.6351 0.824
31.41 7.62 4.71 47.9 0.145 31.1 1.8 0.4745 0.363
Ln CTSEP2 1212 4.7 0.8 31-56 7.5 5.18 44.5 0.122 28.7 5.2 0.5925 0.151
31-41 7.51 4.6 44.6 0.121 28.8 4.4 0.9 0.136

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/1 mg/ma mg/M3 mg/M3 mg/M3
CTFPRIS 0.0137 0.0001 0.0042 0.423e
CTAPR29 0.0233 0.013 0.004 0.4222 0.5809 15.0005 ie.9i93 -a. ge35
CTMRY13 0.0112 0.0352 0.0032 0.7351 0 - 2e54 5.0207 5.5817 1.7324
CTMRY27 0.010a 0.2926 0.0109 0.8122 0.2348 2.2562 1.8137 -0.3783
CTJLINIO 0.0337 1.4035 0.0113 1.9534 0.44 3.7374 4.3844 11.8317
CTJLb424 2.6415 0 0.2199 -0.1716 0.2448 1.537 2.3494 3.1665
CTJUL23 0 0.0061B 0.0041 0.9669 0.4537 5.6043 7.5759 8.1756
CTRIJG6 0.0117 0.003 0.0072 0.77e5 0.1974 1.2809 2.0916 2.048
CTSEP2 0.7039 0.3297 0.1602 -1.2009 0.3777 6.564 8.4794 5.3982

ST50 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss;
m m c pH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/l
CTAPR15 1659 1.5 0-8 25-21 7.86 6.24 53.6 0-17 35-5 4 0.91 0.654
25-19 7.06 6.63 53.13 0.169 35.6 5 0.686 0.681
CTRPR29 1339 1.7 1 24.21B 7.62 7.21 56.1 0.218 37.4 2.2 0.084 0.212
24.25 7.59 6.85 56.2 0.21 37.4 2.1 -0.035 0.246
CTMRY13 1625 1.3 0.5 28.33 7.55 6.46 56.6 0.136 37.7 4 4.9368 2.252
28.4 7.55 6.15 56.7 0.141 37.93 9 5.0094 2.448
CTMAY27 1619 1.7 0-7 27.66 7. El 6-91 50.4 0.229 33.1 7 O.e833 0.276
27.66 7.78 6.79 50.5 0.224 33.1 4 1.2702 0.334
CTJUN10 1706 1.5 0.3 29.9 7.57 6.74 50.7 0.076 33.2 24 0.728 0.57
29.2 7.56 6.33 50 0.077 33.2 33 0.812 0.569
CTJUN24 1525 1.4 0.7 31. 91B 7.77 6.35 53.3 0.149 35.2 1.9 1.323 0.998
32-01 7.77 6.16 53.4 0.147 35.2 5 1.225 0.75
CTJUL23 1525 1.4 0.7 31.98 7.77 6.35 53.3 0.149 35.2 6.6 1.561 0
32.01 7.77 6.16 53.4 0.147 35.2 10 2.45 0
CTRUG6 944 1.8 0.5 31.2 7.51 5.45 47.8 0.051 30.9 10.2 0.4161 0.394
31.24 7.54 5.26 47.8 0.052 30.9 20.1 0.4015 0.425
CTSEP2 IB41 1.7 0.8 30.14 7.6 5.613 46.5 0.098 30-2 6.2 1.1461 0.224
30.19 7.59 5.43 46.5 0-099 30.2 5.6 1.2629 0.177

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/ma mg/M3 mg/M3 mg/M3
CTAPPIS 0.0075 0.0061 0.0021 0.3653
CTRPR29 0.0259 0.0087 0.0029 0.4549 0.1565 18.2446 4.0279 -16.0837
CTMAY13 0.0125 0.033 0.0017 0.5486 0.2708 2.9121 3.7623 7.5726
CTMRY27 0.0119 0.2304 0.0078 0.5649 1.137 33.914 40.5118 44.5579
CTJUNIO 0.0312 1.4469 0.0184 3.4664 0.2093 0.9455 1.1023 -3.1017
CTJUN24 2.9811 0.01 0.1702 -0.5447 0.2251 3.399 4.5387 1.9129
CTJUL23 0 0.0113 0.0041 0.4463 0.4237 5.3391 7.5631 6.4248
CTRUG6 0.0131 0.0384 0.005 0-5305 1.755 46.7356 60.2715 66.1235
CTSEP2 0.3121 0.5653 0.0442 -0.3586 0.3167 5.9128 7.9088 4.1986

ST60 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod S/b ss
m m c pH mg/1 mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/1 mg/l
CTRPP15 1623 1.2 0.8 25-76 7.79 6.59 49.5 0.193 32.4 3.4 1.0877 0.306
25-51 7.77 6.34 49.9 0.19 32.7 4 0.6059 0.371
CTAPR29 1303 0.5 0.5 24-53 7.43 6.46 55.2 0.252 26.5 2 -0.0988 0.181
24.53 7.43 5.42 55.1 0.24 26.6 2 -0.418 -0-065
CTMRY13 1445 1.5 0.8 28.74 7.47 5.41 56.3 0.222 37.4 1 4.7131 2.321
28.76 7.45 5.18 56.4 0.22 37.4 4 4.718 2.379
CTMRY27 1555 2.1 0.7 27.71 7.75 6.92 48.9 0.241 31.9 4 0.5402 0.233
27.57 7.72 6.58 49 0.237 32 6 0.5402 0.245
CTJUNIO 1609 1.3 0.5 29.96 7.56 7.2 47.7 O.OS7 31.1 8 0. 9052 0.371
29.96 7.55 6.96 47.7 0.059 31.1 16 1.1315 0.234
CTJUN24 1437 1.2 1 32.33 7.62 5.24 49.8 0.145 32.6 8.6 0.861 0.769
32.22 7.61 4.94 49.8 0.143 32.6 6.6 0.994 0.539
CTJUL23 1437 1-2 1 32-33 7.62 5.24 49.8 0.145 32.6 1.6 0.987 0.147
32.22 7.61 4.94 49.8 0.143 32.6 7.1 0.651 0.501
CTRUG6 1157 1.9 0.9 32.26 7.54 4.74 43.7 0.144 28.1 6.6 0.12 0.103
31-87 7.53 4.38 44.4 0.144 28. IB 7.1 0.2625 0.157
CTSEP2 1115 1.2 1-1 31.55 7.47 5.38 40.2 0.165 25.7 9.2 0.5472 0.078
Ln 31.59 7.47 4.79 40.3 0.161 25.7 10.2 0.4636 0.297

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/ma mg/ma mg/m3
CTRPR15 0.0112 0.0427 0.009 0.9842
CTAPR29 0.0466 0.039 0.0086 1.0033 0.5002 13.4545 17.779 -9.1591
CTMRY13 0.015 0.0925 0.0017 0.7487 0.2461 1.2661 1.5128 -5.3258
CTMAY27 0.013 0.2465 0.0102 1.1333 0.5229 13.6622 16.1129 14.1952
CTJUN10 0.0137 1.2451 0.0216 1.0372 0.328 3.1824 3.264 -1.3768
CTJUM24 0.3585 0.004 0.2199 -0.5653 0.298 5.0016 6.6192 2.7342
CTJUL23 0 0.0068 0.0078 2.0578 0.3227 4.1625 5.419 4.7876
CTRUG6 0.0206 0.0423 0.0208 1.5546 0.3099 5.3318 6.8929 4.7551
CTSEP2 0. 48W 1.358 0.2321 -1.4701 0.5469 15.2e85 19.6229 5.4954

ST70 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m c pH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l MgA
CTRPR15 1604 2.8 0.4 25.47 7.79 7.3 51.3 0.147 33.7 5.2 0.949 0.639
25.35 7.78 6.7 51.4 0.148 33.8 a 0.438 0.225
CTAPP29 1443 3.3 0.4 24. 84 7.46 7.13 55.6 0.242 26.8 3.1 -0.1216 0.189
24.54 7.46 6.4 55.7 0.232 37.1 2.1 -0.165 0.135
CTMRY13 1545 1.8 0.5 27.82 7.51B 6 54.5 0.237 36.3 6 5.061 0.571
2e.44 7.48 5.42 56 0.233 37.3 7 5.117 0.434
CTMAY27 1545 3.2 0.6 27.16 7.72 6.07 49.2 0.233 32.1 4 0.3285 0.272
27.12 7.7 5.96 49.3 0.23 32.3 6 0.5256 O.lB7
CTJUN10 1548 2 0.6 29.4 7.51 6.16 48.2 0.067 31.4 4 0.7884 0.19
29.39 7.5 5.83 48.2 0.07 31.4 4 0.9198 0.166
CTJUM24 1453 3.1 1 32.03 7.62 4.93 50.5 0.143 33.1 8.2 1.239 0.521
32.04 7.61 4.7 50.18 0.141 33.4 7.2 0.945 0.616
CTJUL23 1453 3-1 1 32.03 7.62 4.93 50.5 0.143 33.1 6.2 1.008 0.054
32.04 7.61 4.7 50.8 0.141 33.4 9.2 1.26 0.337
CTAUG6 1211 3-5 1 31.98 7.6 5.45 45.2 0.143 29.3 7.6 1.0575 0.394
31.64 7.57 4.73 46.1 0.143 29.8 0.3 0.7154 1. ISIB
CTSEP2 1150 2-8 1.2 31.3 7.47 4.92 41.2 0.078 26.4 6.2 0.5244 0.393
31.27 7.46 4.44 41.3 0.081 26.4 3.8 0.3268 0.09

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/I ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3
CTRPR15 0.0012 0.0102 0.0032 0.4889
CTAPR29 0.0181 0.0087 0.008 1.3702 0.4337 8.3461 11.4915 -2.8315
CTMAY13 0.0187 0.03M 0.00el 0.6687 1.0396 31.2687 39.4147 -5.5376
CTMAY27 0.0173 0.2373 0.0068 0.3483 0.145 1.6569 1.5804 0.9834
CTJUN10 0-025 3.0108 0.0281 2.2le3 0.1984 1.1613 1.1682 0.9078
CTJUN24 0.4906 0.008 0.1773 0.5216 0.1781 1.0389 1.592 3.0314
CTJUL23 0 0.0045 0.003 0.6667 0.1938 -0.1538 0.3331 4.2202
CTAUG6 0.0145 0-0157 0.0053 0.708 0.6589 15.6186 19.4768 11.6015
CTSEP2 0.4681 0.9623 0.1123 1.5212 0.5201 14.4972 16.5813 4.4255

STIBO time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c pH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l ag/l
CTAPP15 1544 1.9 0.6 25.38 7.81 7.59 52.2 0.156 34.3 6.4 0.594 0.492
24.84 7.8 6.76 52.8 0.157 34.4 3.4 0.8103 0.375
CTAPP29 1221B 2.7 0.5 24.135 7.46 7-71 55.8 0.218 37.1 3 0.203 0.233
24.29 7.47 6-76 56.3 0.209 37.4 2.1 -0.028 0.287
CTMAY13 1600 0.9 0.5 21B. 79 7.58 6.54 56.6 0.224 37-6 9.4 5.1876 0.311
28.83 7.6 6.3 56.6 0.216 37.5 6 5.214 0.401
CTMRY27 1530 2.5 0.13 27.58 7.79 7.03 49.8 0.236 32-6 8.4 0.84 -0.118
27.37 7.79 6.54 50.3 0.215 32.9 e 0.623 0.181
CTJUN10 1530 2 1.2 29.19 7.44 6.97 49 0.052 32.1 10 1.095 0.214
29.16 7.54 6.68 49 0.056 32.1 8 1.1534 0.2
CTJUN24 1504 1.9 0.7 32 7.7 5.78 52 0.145 34.3 6.6 1.022 0.6
31.84 7.69 5.51B 52.3 0.143 34.3 3.2 1.547 0.606
CTJUL23 1504 1.9 0.7 32 7.7 5.79 52 0.145 34.3 7.8 1.309 0.417
31.84 7.69 5.58 52.3 0.143 34.3 9.2 1.547 0.589
CTRUG6 1007 3.2 0.5 30.97 7.66 5.95 46.1 0.099 29.e 6 0.9e55 0.371
30.95 7.66 5.8 46.1 0.1 29-9 20.2 1.1534 0.4
Ln CTSEP2 910 3.1 1.3 30.24 7.58 5.58 44.2 0.075 21B. 6 6.2 0.5476 0.094
30.08 7.55 4.69 44.4 0.0131 28.7 15 1.0804 0.278

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/M3
CTRPR15 0 0.0203 0.0016 0.5434
CTAPR29 0.0181 0 0.0013 1.677 0. 1383 16.452 16.1568 2.7504
CTMRY13 0.0087 0.0264 0.0069 0.89362 0.417 9.233 11.0079 5.6511
CTMAY27 0.0076 0.2097 0. OC151B 0.9076 O.Oe94 1.129 1.1372 0.2756
CTJUNIO 0.0375 1.0759 0.0254 0.7721 0.2056 2.5565 2.8354 -4.6222
CTJUN24 0.1509 0 0.0709 0.4155 0.2799 3.7164 4.9991 3.4799
CTJLL23 0 0.0091 0.0037 1.0393 0.287 3.5721B 4.9281 5.6738
CTRUG6 0.0074 0.0168 0.004 0.5794 1.1259 26.4238 34.6038 8.7214
CTSEP2 0.1897 0.8291 -0.0764 0.9765 0. 473B 11.42193 14.6624 24.435

ST90 time depth secchi s/b temp, s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c pH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/l
CTFPRI5 1459 1.4 0.7 26.01 7.73 6.7 42.7 0.205 27.5 4.3 0.6525 o.2S7
25.44 7.69 5.93 46 0.198 29-9 3.3 0.465 0.528
CTRPR29 1044 0.5 0.5 24.5 7.41 6.44 38 0.245 24.1 2 0.078 0.142
24.4e 7.35 5.64 38.6 0.236 24.4 5.1 -0.0624 0.165
CTMRY13 13S5 1.7 0.7 29.04 7.38 5.01 54.1 0.197 35.8 8.8 4.69 0.229
21B. 96 7.36 4. e2 54.3 0.195 35.9 3 4.543 0.629
CTMAY27 1445 2.5 0.8 28.1 7.64 6.24 42.6 0.226 27.4 6.6 0.5624 0.123
27.37 7.63 5.69 46.5 0.222 30 3 0.3212 0.339
CTJUNID 1422 2.5 0.6 29.52 7.35 6.75 39.7 0.045 25.3 10 0.702 0.232
28.95 7.44 5.64 45.4 0.051 29.3 9.4 0.855 0.0%
CTJUM24 1416 1.4 0.9 32-69 7.55 5.79 34.5 0.134 21.6 4.6 1.62 0.51
32.04 7.52 4.47 41.6 0.134 26.6 10 0.9138 0.732
CTJUL23 1416 1.4 0.9 32.69 7.55 5.79 34.5 0.134 21.6 2.5 1.1907 0.038
32.04 7.52 4.47 41.6 0.134 26.6 1.1 0.3724 0.194
CTRUG6 1132 2.6 0.9 31.67 7.42 5.24 28 0.139 17.2 5.6 0.323 0.215
31.75 7.49 4.21 40.6 0.138 25.9 9.8 0.2736 0.375
Ln CTSEP2 10-36 2.5 1.4 30.46 7.41 5.15 28.3 0.163 17.3 4.2 0.5208 -0.006
cc 31.22 7.45 3. 85 37.B 0.161 23.9 3-8 0.4758 0.066

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/ 1 ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/M3 mq/m3 mglm3 mg/m3
CTAPR15 0.0062 0.0325 0.009 0.7639
CTFPR29 0.0362 0.0738 0.0143 1.4968 1.0173 31.08B2 37.6552 -11.234
CTMAY13 0.02 0.022 0.0127 1.4031 0.213 3.6293 4.4733 3.2983
CTMRY27 0.0119 0.076 0.0088 1.543 0.1059 1.2513 1.1264 0.6809
CTJUM10 0.0387 1.1041 0.0259 0.5534 0.2323 4.4809 5.0332 5.2804
CTJUN24 1.6792 0 0.227 0.0579 0. 2782 4.7136 5.6371B 1.6265
CTJLIL23 0 0.0159 0.0119 2.7404 0-95a2 24.9447 30.9436 12.0121
CTRUG6 0.0141 0.0346 0.0216 1.8797 2.0359 62.5773 77.332 3.7339
CTSEP2 0.3511 0.5518 0.122 -0.6752 0.7567 22.5982 2e. 6511 35.8419

STIDO time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c PH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU Mg/l Mg/l
CTRPR15 1513 1.6 0.5 25.23 7.76 6.55 49.3 0.182 32-2 3.3 0 0.617
25.24 7.75 6.29 49.5 0. IS 32.3 3.2 0 1. 011B
CTRPR29 1155 1.6 1 24.49 7.29 6.3 52.1 0.104 34.3 2.2 0.049 0.096
24.48 7.34 4.73 52.1 0.104 34.3 2.2 -0.168 0.115
CTMRY13 1409 3 0. IB 28.84 7.46 5.52 56 0.217 36.5 2 0 0.279
28. 82 7.45 5.2 56 0-21 36.5 2 0 0.292
CTMRY27 1456 3.4 0.9 27.3 7.69 6.19 48 0.232 31.3 8 0.5256 0.122
27.25 7.68 5.85 48.2 0.229 31.4 1 0.5621 0.118
CTJUNIO 1441 2 0.5 29.25 7.34 6.51 46.1 0.041 29-9 10 0.9344 0.14
29.24 7.47 5.88 46.1 0.047 29.9 10.6 0.9636 0.192
CTJUN24 1427 3.3 0.9 32.18 7.59 4.73 47.2 0.135 30.7 11.826 0.421
32.1 7.57 4.55 47.7 0.133 31.1 0.4161 0.65
CTJUL23 1427 3.3 0.9 32-18 7.59 4.73 47.2 0.135 30.7 5.e 1.1753 0.815
32.1 7.57 4.55 47.7 0.133 31.1 5.4 0.6789 0.047
CTRUG6 1144 2.4 1 31.87 7.57 5.16 43.1 0.138 27.7 7.6 0.24 0.482
31-77 7.56 4.74 43.4 0.137 27.8 8.2 0.75 0.448
CTSEP2 1046 3.1 1.3 31.08 7.44 4.61 36.4 0.149 23.1 2.8 0.805e 0.053
31-18 7.45 4.25 37.6 0.147 23.9 3 0.2808 0. 031B
Ln

ST1 10 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c pH mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/l
CTRPR15 1524 2.5 0.5 25-02 7.79 6.5 41.7 0.183 34 7 0.7373 0.309
25.85 7.79 6.45 51.8 0.191 34.1 3.4 0.4964 0.45
CTRPR29 1203 1.6 0.7 24.37 7.39 7.03 55.8 0.109 37.1 8 0.399 0.278
24.34 7.45 6.42 55.9 0. im 37.1 10 -0.098 0.511
CTMAY13 14.2 2. e 0.8 29.02 7.57 6.33 56.5 0.201 37.6 9.6 5.0292 0.147
28.85 7.6 6.22 56.7 0.197 37.7 8.2 5.1612 0.28
CTMAY27 1505 3 1.2 27.55 7.78 6-8 49.9 0.226 32.7 5.6 0.693 0.276
27.17 7.78 6.56 50.1 0.223 32.6 6.4 0.567 0.215
CTJUN10 1500 2.3 1 29.53 7.55 6.84 419.4 0.036 31.6 1 1.606 0-107
29 7.58 6.68 49.1 0.04 32-1 1 1.2191 0.114
CTJUM24 1313 2.5 1 32.02 7.45 5.44 51.3 0.121 33.7 6 1.239 0.624
31.64 7.58 5.73 51.7 0.117 33.9 6.6 1.463 0.483
CTJUL23 1313 2.5 1 32.02 7.45 5.44 51.3 0.121 33.7 3.1 1.225 0.027
31.64 7.58 5.73 51.7 0.117 33.9 10 1.162 1.295
CTRUG6 1030 2.8 0.9 31-27 7.59 5.56 45.6 0.122 29-5 5.6 0.5767 0.381
31.21 7-62 5.67 45.9 0.12 29-7 10.8 0.8541 1.549
a) CTSEP2 931 2.6 1.7 30.08 7.56 4.93 42.2 0.115 27.1 2.5 0.6308 0.187
C) 30.08 7.56 4.58 42.7 0.114 27.4 3.8 0.57 0.07

date po4 rkh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/M3
CTRPR15 0 0-0061 0.0027 0.5018
CTRPR29 0.0129 o-oloe 0.0074 1.8687 1.4076 40.9772 49.6264 24.9267
CTMRY13 0.0112 0.033 0.0072 0.4835 0.2338 5.1739 6.5263 5.8024
CTMAY27 0.0097 0.0737 0.0014 0.3131 0.072 0.9664 0.9268 3.0152
CTJUN10 0.0362 1.0716 0.0113 0.772 0.6502 19.0958 23.791 5.3409
CTJUN24 0.0377 0.004 0.1631 -1.031 0.1256 0. W.201 1.2903 1.0915
CTJUL23 0 0-0023 0.0041 0.38 0.0942 -0.2473 0.5106 2.3992
CTRUG6 0.0095 0-0266 0.0051 0.5338 0.6063 13.588 18.0094 1.0807
CTSEP2 0.1879 0-1938 -0.0734 0.5881 0.3546 8.1027 10.4854 4.6471

ST120 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
0 m c PH mg/1 mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/1
CTFPR15 1339 1.7 0. IB 25.8 7.21 7.07 52 0.093 34.2 3.2 0.9541 0.363
25.12 7.43 6.89 52 O.Oe7 34.3 3.1 0.6?a9 0.348
CTFPR29 904 1.1 0.5 23.49 6.9 6.42 55.2 0.154 36.7 10-1 -0.133 0.202
23.8 7.22 6-32 55.4 0. 1*39 36.7 7.3 -0-028 0.229
CTMRY13 1300 2.7 1 28.78 6.92 6-44 56.5 0.191 37.5 6.2 5.1216 0.167
28.69 7.31 6.26 56.6 0.184 37.6 10.3 5.115 1.799
CTMRY27 1330 2.1 1 27.25 7.64 6.69 49.8 0.19 32.6 8.2 1.197 0.085
27.21 7.67 6.66 so 0.196 32.7 6.e 0.77 0.499
CTJUNIO 1306 2.1 1.2 28.89 7.47 6.58 4e.9 0.131 31.9 9.6 1.3724 0.488
2E3.67 7.51 6.44 49 0.129 32 7.4 1.1607 0.178
CTJLIK24 1327 3.2 1.3 31.71B 7.68 6 51.6 0.122 34 4.6 1.309 0.586
31.18 7.66 5.49 51.6 0.12-2 33 7.2 1.372 0.364
CTJUL23 1327 3.2 1.3 31.78 7.68 6 51.6 0.122 34 7.6 1.281 0.086
31.IG 7.66 5.49 51.6 0.122 33 6.4 1.302 0.831
CTF&G6 1041 2.8 1 31.2 7.62 5.51 46 0.125 29.8 8.6 0.8906 0.454
'31.24 7.6 5.23 46 0.125 29.8 7.4 0.5621 0.143
ON CTSEP2 941 2.6 1.4 30.06 7.57 5.65 42.8 0.117 27.5 2.5 0.84 0.117
1-4 30.14 7.56 5.04 43.2 0-117 27.8 2.8 0.9775 0.305

date po4 nh,4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/1 ug-at./l ug-at/1 ug-at/I mg/m3 mig/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3
CTRPR15 0 0.0041 0.0016 0.2681
CTRPR29 0.0155 0.0022 0.0023 i.e627 O.le71 5.4622 7.7123 -6.7923
CTMRY13 0.0075 0.0374 0.0075 1.0051 0.1106 5.6703 5.7869 -4.9097
CTMRY27 0.0043 0.053 0.002 0.4365 0.1174 1.6746 1.8981 -0.4485
CTJLINIO 0.0162 1.026 0.0162 0.0662 0.2706 6.6737 7.8725 7.1641
CTJLh424 0.0377 0.0399 0.0993 0.2517 0.0927 0.5848 0.8651 1.6913
CTJLL23 0 0.0023 0.0022 1.2749 0. 21BEI 1.9153 2.8714 2.972
CTRLIG6 0. M69 0.0526 0.0036 0.4781 0.7093 15.4668 19.7055 10.8125
CTSEP2 0.1809 1.2692 -0.0749 0.7524 0.3461 8.032 10.2336 2.7234

ST130 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m c pH Mg/l mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU Mg/l mg/1
CTAPP15 1428 1.5 0.9 25.02 7.74 6.27 48.6 0.207 31.9 2.4 1.4eig 0.289
25-25 7.71 5.97 48.7 0-196 31.8 2.5 0.73 0.322
CTRPR29 1013 0.7 0.7 24.17 7.45 5.96 52.7 0.262 34-IB 7 -1.00e 0.118
24.18 7.44 5.56 52.7 0.253 4.4 0.035 0.142
CTMRY13 1340 1.6 O-IB 28.78 7.43 5.15 56 0.177 37.2 9.8 4.557 0.122
28-79 7.42 4.91 56 0.175 37.2 4 4.585 0.297
CTMRY27 1420 1.4 0.9 27.34 7.69 6.06 49.3 0.229 32.2 9.2 0.6424 0.556
27.35 7.68 5.94 49.3 0.225 32.2 9.2 0.4964 0.298
CTJUN10 1403 1.6 0.8 29.26 7.53 5-8 47. IB 0.042 31.2 6.4 0.5548 0.108
29.28 7.52 5.79 47.7 0.046 31.1 7.2 0.6205 0.365
CTJUN24 1402 1.7 1.3 32-17 7.63 5.16 49.3 0.133 32.2 2 1.2702 0.315
32.17 7.63 5.24 49.3 0.132 32.2 3.4 1.1753 0.415
CTJUL23 1402 1.7 1.3 32.17 7.63 5.16 49.3 0.133 32.2 5.2 1.4746 0.479
32.17 7.63 5.24 49.3 0.132 32.2 4.8 1.0366 0.548
CTRUG6 1120 1.5 0.9 31.82 7.58 4.99 43.2 0.136 27.7 6.4 0.6278 0.5
31.84 7.57 4.77 43.2 0.134 27.8 9.2 0.5475 0.443
CTSEP2 1021 1.6 1.2 31.05 7.48 4.4 39.4 0.156 25.1 3.2 0.462 0.205
31.03 7.48 4.31 39.6 0.152 25.2 3.6 0.5852 -0.057

date po4 nh4 nck2 no3 chl a chl. b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/M3 mg/m3
CTRPR15 0.0062 0.0325 0. M9 0.5672
CTRPP-29 0.031 0.0108 0. OM7 1.2057 0.2436 6.7672 9.3645 8.9969
CTMRY13 0.0062 0.0352 0.0119 1.3674 0.2992 7.6683 9.1766 7.1187
CTMRY27 0.0065 0.0369 0.0044 1.2316 0.2511 6.2005 7.1501 5.4738
CTJUN10 0.01 1.2191 0.0119 0.1539 0.2009 4.4177 5.1496 3.3816
CTJUN24 0.1321 0.0219 0.2057 0.5191 0.1153 0.7114 0.9833 0.7295
CTJUL23 0 0.0045 0.016 0.5817 0.1927 1.299 2.0713 1.9021
CTRUG6 0.015 0.0333 0.0209 0.5874 0.7253 16.6322 21.8246 7.4569
CTSEP2 0.4468 1.1252 0.1557 -0.8556 0.3743 10.5196 13.0958 6.5113

ST 140 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
m m c pH mg/l Omhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/l
CTFPR15 1411 4 0-5 25-01 7.68 6.67 49.9 0.169 32.7 3.3 0 0.504
25.1 7.68 6.28 49.9 0.165 32.7 a 0 0.206
CTAPP29 939 2.4 0.5 23.96 7-4 6.29 53.4 0.256 35.3 4.4 0.049 0.121
23.96 7.39 5.88 53.5 0.246 35.4 4.1 -0.322 0.277
CTMAY13 1330 4.8 1 20.66 7.45 5.77 56.3 0.169 37-4 9.6 0 0.156
28-63 7.46 5.51 56.1 0.166 37.5 (3. e 0 0.184
CTMRY27 1412 4.5 1.2 27.1 7.71 6.25 49.3 0.22 32-3 6.2 0.9198 0.311
27.1 7.71 6.22 49.3 0.215 32.3 6.2 0.7008 0.202
CTJLIN10 1347 3 0.9 28.92 7.51 6.14 48.1 0.05 31.3 6.4 0.8395 0.121
28-87 7.51 5.84 48.1 0.054 31.4 6.4 0.9782 0.115
CTJLIN24 1354 4.6 1.1 31.98 7.63 5.1 49.9 0.137 32.7 3.13 0.875 0
31.71 7.6 4.56 50.2 0.136 32.8 4.2 0.917 0
CTJUL23 1354 4-6 1-1 31.98 7.63 5-1 49.9 0.137 32.7 4.4 1.099 0.659
31.71 7.6 4.56 50.2 0.136 32.8 4.4 1.043 0. E132
CTAUG6 1112 4.3 1-5 31.45 7.6 5.21 44.1 0.138 28.5 8.2 -0.2263 0.708
31.5 7.59 5.04 44.3 0.136 28.6 10 0.9563 0.798
CTSEP2 1010 4.2 1.4 30.93 7.51 5.23 40.4 0.16 25.9 2.9 0.3648 -0.242
31 7.52 4.66 41 0.158 26.2 5.2 0.646 0.075

ST150 time depth secchi s/b temp s/b ph s/b do s/b cond s/b orp s/b sal s/b turb s/b bod s/b ss
0 m c pH mg/1 mmhos/cm volts ppt NTU mg/l mg/l
CTRPR15 1352 2.2 0.8 25.34 7-63 7.05 50.1 0.135 32.8 4.3 0.657 0.224
24.65 7.66 6-7 51.1 0.13 33.7 4.2 0.9125 0.345
CTAPR29 1919 2.4 0.7 23.9 7.35 6.1 54.1 0.159 35.9 7.4 -0.112 0.146
23.93 7.36 5.131 54.3 0.153 35.9 5.3 -0.217 0.125
CTMAY13 1315 3.4 0.8 29.15 7.46 6.27 56.3 0.171 37.4 6.2 5.222 0.142
28.69 7.47 5.97 56.7 0.167 37.7 5.4 4.9896 O.Ie5
CTMAY27 1355 3 1 27.44 7.69 6.79 48.6 0.211 31.8 6 0.803 0.257
27-25 7.72 6.58 49.6 0.207 32.5 8.6 0.63 0.289
CTJUN10 1326 1.9 1 29.4 7.55 6.86 47.9 0.062 31.2 8.2 0.4964 0.232
28.92 7.56 6.66 48.4 0.063 31.5 7.2 1.7447 0.081
CTJUN24 1340 3.4 1.1 31.88 7.67 5.82 51.4 0.129 33.8 4.6 1.253 0.401
31.53 7.66 5.55 51.9 0.129 34.1 1.2 1.54 0.469
CTJUL23 1340 3.4 1.1 31.88 7.67 5.82 51.4 0.129 33.8 1.5 1.246 0.105
31.53 7.66 5.55 51-9 0.129 34-1 4 1.309 0.114
CTAUG6 1054 2.8 0.9 30.98 7.47 3.93 42.9 0.131 27.5 19.2 0.2482 0.407
31.17 7.62 5.55 45.2 0.125 29.2 9.4 0. 91B55 0.798
CTSEP2 955 2.1 1.8 30.46 7.55 5.23 41.7 0.138 26.8 2.6 1.3148 0.171
30-43 7.54 4-73 42-2 0.137 27 2. IB 0.555 0.112

date po4 nh4 no2 no3 chl a chl b chl c phaeo
ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l ug-at/l mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/M3
CTRPR15 0 0.0061 0.0027 0.7064
CTAPR29 0.031 0.0174 0.012 2.395 0.5433 17.9816 24.6341 23-1381
CTMAY13 0.0037 0.0374 0.0055 0.5298 0.3801 10.0731 12.4443 5.5527
CTMRY27 0.0043 0.0207 0.002 0.6167 0.8816 27.763 34.3376 18.1668
CTJUN10 0.0087 1.0846 0.0162 0.1404 0.255 4.7672 5.4077 0. IB397
CTJUN24 0.1132 0.004 7.4184 -69.2686 0.0776 0.62 0.8815 1.0753
CTJLL23 0 0.0066 0.0119 0.7781 0. 301B 2.7736 4.1025 3.8149
CTAUG6 0.0044 0.0026 0.0096 0.3244 0.51382 12.9101 16.6166 7.5218
CTSEP2 0.2801 0.175 -0.0569 0.5626 0.3574 8.9032 11.2089 2.5667

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