    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                         1 -9,55:  `7

                             Designing a Functional Monitoring Program
                                   for Florida Aquatic Preserves

                                            Final Report
                                     DER Contract No. CM - 160
                                             15 Dec 1987

                                             Prepared By
                              Kris W. Thoemke and Kenneth P. Gyorkos
                          Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve
                                        10 Shell Island Road
                                          Naples, Florida

            QH
            87.3
            F6        Financial assistance for this work was provided by the
            T5            Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
            198) 7

                                         TABLE OF CONTENTS

                List of Figures  .............................................  ii

                List of Appendices  ..........................................  iii

                Introduction  ................................................    1

                Why Monitoring Programs Are Important   .......................   2

                Collecting Background Information   ...........................   6

                Defining the Watershed  ......................................  12

                Acquiring and Analyzing Existing Databases   .................. 18

                Designing a Monitoring Program   .............................. 20

                Determining Sampling Frequency   .............................. 27

                Monitoring Program Duration   ................................. 33

                The Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Island Aquatic Preserve Study.. 34

                Summary and Conclusions  .....................................  35

                Acknowledgements  ............................................  38

                Literature Cited  ............................................  39

                Appendices  ..................................................  45

                                    US Departm c-nt of Commerce
                               XOAA Coas,;_,@,  - - -3 Center Libr"y
                                    2234Sou-@'.,_ .=MAvenue
                              L      Charleston, SC 29405-2413

                                         LIST OF' FIGURES

                1. Typical citation from dBase III computer library system .... 42

                2. Station location for the Ten Thousand Island Aquatic
                   Preserve area .............................................. 43

                3. Idealized representation of the relationship between
                   concentration of a dissolved component and a conservative
                   index of mixing, for an estuary in which there are single
                   sources of river and sea water: (a) for a component (A) whose
                   concentration is greater in sea water than in river water
                   and (b) for a component (B) whose concentration is greater
                   in river water than in sea water. (Redrawn from Burton
                   and Liss. 1976). (c) Idealized representation of a point
                   source discharge ........................................... 44

        r   4

                                        LIST OF APPENDICES

                 Appendix I. Sources of Maps and Aerial Photographs

                 Appendix II. Field and Laboratory Procedures

                 Appendix III. Raw Data for Ten Thousand Island Study

                                            iii

               Introduction

                    This report is intended to help State estuarine aquatic

               preserves personnel and other agencies and individuals involved

               in managing coastal wetland systems develop an environmental

               monitoring program. The Florida Department of Natural Resources

               is responsible for the management of the State's               aquatic

               preserves.    Presently, there is a relatively small staff and

               administrative support infrastructure for the aquatic preserve

               system.    Many aquatic preserves do not have full time career

               service staff assigned to them. Those that do have been consumed

               with the task of preparing a management plan and reviewing permit

               requests for activities within the preserve's boundary.         As a

               result, little attention has been paid to conducting a thorough

               analysis of existing information for the preserves and developing

               and implementing some sort of long-term monitoring program.

                    The purpose of this report is to design the framework for a

               monitoring program that will assess the current status of an

               estuary and provide data to help the managing agency formulate

               management strategies that preserve and enhance the natural

               resources of the system. To accomplish this, a combination of

               gathering existing information and developing a plan to collect

               baseline data is necessary. This report provides an outline of

               how to collect existing information, design and implement a basic

               environmental monitoring program. Adoption and implementation of

               this plan by the Bureau of Aquatic Preserves will establish a

               starting point for the field managers and staff in the analysis

               of their respective systems. The intended result is to save

                                            1

                these individuals many hours of planning and preparation time.

                    The ideas and recommendations presented in the report are

                based on our experiences in collecting base line data in the Cape

                Romano - Ten Thousand Island Aquatic Preserve for this grant and

                the long term monitoring program for the Rookery Bay National

                Estuarine Research Reserve and Aquatic Preserve (Thoemke 1985

                and Thoemke and Gyorkos 1987).

                Why Monitoring Programs Are Important

                     In recent years, the value and need for monitoring programs

                has become apparent. Excellent summaries of the purpose and

                usefulness of monitoring has been discussed by Flemmer et. al.

                (1983), O'Conner and Flemmer (1987) and Perry et al (1987). In

                their paper "How should research and monitoring be integrated?",

                Flemmer et al (1983) point out the most effective management

                comes from coupling monitoring and research.          They    define

                monitoring as, "The systematic sampling and measurement over time

                of variables which describe the abundance and distribution of

                biological resources, the distribution and concentrations of

                physical, geological and chemical properties or the location and

                rates of significant processes." Research is defined as, "The

                systematic collection and analysis of experimental and/or field

                observational data that produces knowledge." The authors state

                that information learned from monitoring activities serves as the

                basis for a hypothesis on which research is conducted and the

                results of research projects often can be used to fine tune

                monitoring programs.

                                            2

                   When planning a monitoring program the questions to be

               answered are: what are the present conditions withing the system,

               is the system stressed and are present management policies

               effectively dealing with the long term goals for managing the

               area? Answering these questions is essential in determining if

               new management policies should be developed and implemented. The

               results of a monitoring program provide the first information

               about the area that will alert the managers to any problems.

               Following the pattern of Flemmer et al (1983)     the results of

               the initial    monitoring program help to define the types of

               scientific research necessary to develop management plans that

               deal with the environmental problems of the area. The research

               results are used to either define a new monitoring program that

               can be used to determine if the management actions are sufficient

               to solve the problems      or to recommend different types of

               monitoring and research programs.

                    In   Florida, management of our coastal        resources    is

               especially important.    Zwick (1987) states approximately 900

               residents move to Florida every day.        Because of Florida's

               peninsular shape, virtually everyone of these residents lives

               within 50 miles of the coastline. Thus, the impacts associated

               with each of these residents has the potential to impact

               Florida's estuaries. As Zwick points out, the result of these

               residents moving to the state generates a daily need for "nearly

               two miles of highways, 111,108 gallons of water and produces

               94,560 additional gallons of wastewater requiring treatment and

               creates a 3,546 additional pounds of solid waste." Virtually no

               one is predicting that these numbers will decrease in the

                                          3

              foreseeable future.

                   An example of the tremendous pressure and threat to the

              coastal resources of the state can be found in southwest Florida.

              The coastal areas of Charlotte, Lee and Collier Counties are

              among the fastest growing regions in the United States. Seven of

              the State's 40 aquatic preserves are located within these three

              counties.

                   Many of the 900 new residents coming to Florida every day

              move here because of Florida's perceived abundance of high

              quality natural resources. Yet, as these people move to the

              state they are largely responsible for the wetlands alterations

              and destruction that are degrading the natural resources.        New

              housing, roads and other services which are necessary to support

              growth directly impact wetlands when these areas are filled or

              impounded.   Even upland development indirectly impacts           the

              estuaries. As the vegetation cover and topography of uplands

              within the estuary's watershed are altered by housing projects,

              agricultural practices and road and drainage canal construction,

              the quantity, quality and timing of critical freshwater supplies

              to the estuary are changing. These changes are the source of

              most of the environmental and management problems of the estuary.

                   Florida now has a state comprehensive plan whose purpose is

              to achieve planned growth for the state realizing the changing

              political and economic conditions that exist. One goal is to

              maintain the general quality of life for Floridians. To do this

              the government's plan is to provide protected and well managed

              natural resources. Management of our natural resources requires

              a plan that incorporates monitoring as one of the essential

                                          4

                (Acillents of the manayulllellL plan.

                     Although not often considered by the general             public,

                estuaries are more important for their economic contributions to

                Florida than they are for their aesthetic qualities.              For

                approximately    70% of all commercially       and     recreationally

                important fish and shellfish harvested in Florida and its

                adjacent waters, the estuary is a crucial link in the life cycle

                of these organisms. Without estuarine areas, these organism's

                life cycles would be interrupted and the numbers of harvestable

                fish or shellfish would be greatly reduced.

                       The economic impacts of unhealthy estuaries are felt by

                not only the commercial fishermen, recreational fishermen and

                seafood consumers, but by other segments of Florida's economy

                such as boat builders, businesses which sell boats and related

                marine supplies, marinas wlAch provide fuel and services for

                boaters and manufacturers of boating related supplies             and

                equipment whose businesses depend on a need for these recreation

                items and related services. Milon and Adams (1987) report total

                Florida retail sales for recreational boating in 1985 totaled 1.3

                billion dollars and employed over 23,000 persons in the industry.

                They also point out that when the indirect impacts of the

                recreational boating industry are added to the direct economic

                impact, the total industry economic activity in 1985 was 2.7

                billion dollars.

                     It is in response to the present and potential impacts on

                Florida's estuaries that the development of a monitoring program

                is based.     In order to manage for the future, we need to

                understand what has happened to our coastal resources in the

                                             5

              past, what their condition is at present and what are the

              potential impacts for the future. The monitoring plan described

              in this report is an example of how to develop either the first

              attempt at monitoring these resources or refine and enhance          a

              monitoring program which already exists.

                  The remaining sections of this report describe        the major

              steps in designing a monitoring program: collecting background

              information; defining the watershed; collecting and analyzing

              existing data bases; designing the monitoring the program; and

              conclusions and reconimenda t ions.

              Collecting Background Information

                   Every    scientific study begins with a review of             the

              literature.    Designing a monitoring plan is not exempted from

              this requirement.     However, in addition to a review of the

              scientific literature, designing a monitoring program requires

              more than the standard search of journal articles. The goal of

              the literature review for a monitoring program is to find out

              about everything within the estuary and its watershed.            This

              includes the scientific aspects as well as information on how the

              area has developed, what alterations have occurred in upland

              areas what are the present and past land use activities and an

              account of the entire history of the area.

                   This essential work cannot be overlooked. The entire basis

              for designing your monitoring program will depend upon what is

              already known about the system.         If little -information is

              available, then your monitoring program should be designed to

                                           6

               provide baseline data which characterize the area, recognize

               threatening    conditions,   establish the present       degree    of

               regulatory compliance and create a data base for making future

               comparisons.    If considerable information already exists, then

               develop your program to collect data for parameters on which no

               data exists, test for environmental changes over time, determine

               regulatory compliance and recommend, based on the data, new or

               revised management policies. While the approach to these types

               of monitoring    programs may vary, the literature review is a

               common starting point.

                    The    review of existing information should cover           the

               estuarine system and its watershed. Five information sources

               should be reviewed: scientific journals; government reports;

               11gray literature"; historical documents; and aerial photographs

               and maps.

                    The standard review of the scientific literature can be

               accomplished by visiting a major college library or other similar

               facility and reviewing appropriate scientific journals.            In

               preparation of this event, develop a list of journals to be

               reviewed.   All types.of scientific journals should be surveyed.

               The primary types or classes of journals which are likely to

               contain useful information in the development of the monitoring

               program, are the environmental, biological,        geological     and

               hydrological journals.

                    Libraries have access to a number of abstract services.       if

               funds are available, you should conduct a computer              based

               literature search. These searches are conducted using keywords

               based on article content, titles and authors. Thus it is possible

                                           7

            AL
              to be very specific as to the topics being searched.

                   Duririq each visi.L to a library, keep a record of the volumes

              and issues of each journal that is reviewed. When articles are

              encountered that will be useful to the program, request a reprint

              or make a photo copy of the article. These materials will form

              the basis for an on-site reprint collection.       Review of the

              literature should be an ongoing process. If possible you should

              plan quarterly library visits.

                   Once articles relating to the estuary and its watershed

              begin to accumulate, you can obtain a good secondary source of

              additional information from the literature citations of the

              initially collected papers.      During this process and in the

              literature review process as well, some articles from lesser

              known and available journals will be encountered.        Copies of

              these papers can be obtained using the inter-library loan

              process. This service is available at most university libraries

              and through the Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research

              Laboratory, in St. Petersburg.

                   As the reprint collection develops, the papers should be

              catalogued for future use. While the initial review of the

              literature may reveal a manageable number of papers concerning

              the study area, this number is certain to increase as additional

              papers'concerning a particular habitat type such as mangroves or

              seagrasses begin to accumulate. We recommend a computer based

              cataloging system be developed for the reference collection.

              Citations for each reference should be entered into a database

              program.

                   Keywords should be included as a part of each citation in

                                          8

                the data file.     With the appropriate software program (eg. d

                Base III), it is possible to search the reprint collection using

                titles, authors and keywords to locate specific papers.           The

                list of keywords for the reprint collection can be very detailed

                and specific to the area.     The reference collection for Rookery

                Bay - Ten Thousand Island area utilized a program written for

                dBase III Plus. A typical citation is illustrated in Figure 1.

                     In addition to scientific journals, libraries often contain

                a variety of government reports. Many government reports are

                contained in a separate section within the library.          Finding

                reports that are of relevance to your area can be difficult.        A

                computer literature search will reveal some. Citations in journal

                articles will uncover others. Direct contact with            federal

                agencies (eg. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic

                and Atmospheric Administration and National Marine Pisheries

                Service) can be useful. Some agencies have publication lists

                which are available.      Check with a local office or regional

                headquarters for the availability of these list of publications.

                     A substantial amount of information concerning the estuary

                and its watershed is available locally.       This information is

                contained in sources that are referred to as "gray literature."

                The " gray literature" consists of reports from regional planning

                councils,   water management districts and county         or     city

                governments.   often times this literature is not found in major

                libraries and can only be obtained from having local knowledge of

                the area. As part of the literature search, local and regional

                agencies should be queried for information concerning             the

                management area.

                                            9

                     Many counties presently have comprehensive plans.            These

                documents are the guidelines for the use and development of land

                within the county. If plans do not already exist, they will be

                developed as a requirement of the recent action of the Florida

                Legislature passing the State Growth Management Act.         Depending

                upon the effort expended by each county, this document can be a

                valuable source of information concerning land use patterns,

                water    quality,   and future directions        for   the    county's

                development.

                     Because    of    Florida's   many    environmental     laws    and

                regulations, there may be substantial information available in

                grey literature documents such as Development of Regional Impact

                (DRI) and Planned Unit Development (PUD) reports. These papers

                often include data from an environmental impact studies of

                development projects, analysis of subsurface water movement and

                assessments of wetland and terrestrial habitats. These documents

                are usually prepared by a developer's consultant.       Taken in the

                proper perspective, they can provide the basis for understanding

                the biological and hydrological conditions of the estuary and its

                watershed.

                     In conjunction with the review of the scientific literature,

                government documents and "gray literature", emphasis should also

                be placed on obtaining documents concerning the history of the

                county. Of particular concern is the history of the development

                of the county and the history of water management issues.

                Information of this type is sometimes available in                local

                libraries where books, old newspapers and other historical

                documents concerning the county may be found.             Inquire if

                                             10.

              historical societies or county museums exist. Often times these

              organizations have locally written publications detailing early

              accounts of the county's history. Long-time residents can often

              provide interesting insights into the area and leads on where to

              find obscure references.

                   A essential type of background information that is available

              for virtually every area in Florida is aerial photographs and

              maps. Most areas have maps and/or aerial photographs dating back

              to at least the 1950's.       For some areas, photographs are

              available from the 1920's.,

                    Acquisition of a photograph and map reference collection

              for the management area is an important part of collecting

              background information. The images should be a permanent part of

              the reference collection at the field office. Types of images

              available include topographic maps, black and white low altitude

              photographs, high altitude color and infared photographs and

              satellite images collected by the LANDSAT and SPOT satellites. A

              list of some of the organizations and agencies from which

              photographs and maps are available is provided in Appendix 1 of

              this report.

                   The collection of background information is the starting

              point for all monitoring programs.        It should also be a

              continuing part of the monitoring programs. Once the initial

              information has been collected and contacts with appropriate

              local, regional and state agencies have been made, the addition

              of new information will become easier. In many instances, the

              field staff will be on mailing lists to receive new reports from

              governmental agencies as they are produced.        This type of

                                         11

                relationship in combination with regular visits to the library

                will produce the background information necessary to develop,

                refine and revise the monitoring plan over the years.

                Defining the Watershed

                     An essential yet difficult task in designing a monitoring

                program is to define the watershed. Identifying the vegetation

                patterns, present land uses and natural and manmade features of

                the watershed are critical since it is from this area that much

                of the freshwater entering the estuary originates. Understanding

                the quantity, quality and timing of freshwater entering the

                estuary   is   necessary    in order to      identify   the    major

                characteristics of and environmental threats to the estuarine

                system. (Cross and Williams, 1981)

                     Prior to the extensive development of Florida's coastal zone

                and associated uplands, estuaries experienced few of the problems

                that we deal with today in the management of these systems.       As

                Florida developed alterations to the topography and vegetation

                occurred.   These alterations began what has turned out to be a

                long and steady change in the quantity, quality and timing of

                freshwater leaving the uplands and entering the estuarine system.

                       Mitchell and Mitchell (1980) and Cross and Williams (1981)

                discuss effects of changes in freshwater flow to estuaries. In

                their paper Mitchell and Mitchell review the literature and

                discuss types of effects that estuarine organisms may exhibit as

                freshwater flows change. These effects include:

                                            12

                    1. When freshwater flow is reduced the resulting extreme

                    saliniLius may duturmine, the distribution of estuarine

                    organisms.    This may have long term effects on species

                    distribution.

                    2. Species, such as saltmarsh plants and bivalve larvae have

                    different salinity requirements at different seasons and

                    stages of life cycle. Changing freshwater flow patterns can

                    alter reproductive success and growth rates;

                    3. Increased retention time of pollutants and sedimentation

                    rates result as flow decreases; and

                    4. Increased nutrient levels occur with the input of

                    nutrient enriched waters.

                    At the same time that the defining watershed is essential,

               there are difficulties in accomplishing what may be perceived as

               a relatively simple task. There are two problems in defining the

               watershed     The first is a result of the naturally              flat

               topography of much of the Florida peninsula. A classic example

               of an easily defined watershed would be a glaciated perched

               valley. The watershed is defined by the ridge of mountains which

               enclose three of the four sides of the valley.         All rainfall

               which accumulates within this area flows down the sides of the

               mountain into the valley and eventually empties        into another

               larger valley.

                      Florida, for the most part, lacks such well defined

               physical    structures that separate watersheds.         Instead,    a

               relatively uniform and gently sloping topography exists along the

               coastal portions of the state. While a defined watershed still

               exists it is difficult to accurately assess the exact boundaries

                                            13

               since a change of a few inches of elevation can make a difference

               between water flowing into one shallow watershed versus another.

                     This problem is further compounded during the wet season

               when some watersheds, separated by extremely low ridges, merge as

               surface water accumulates at a level higher than the natural

               ridge separating the two watersheds. Thus, for many watersheds

               temporal variation plays a significant factor in determining

               whether you are dealing with one watershed or a series of merged

               watersheds.

                     The second difficulty encountered in defining a watershed is

               a result of extensive development activities which have altered

               natural watersheds.       Changes brought about by canal dredging

               have resulted in excessive draining of the uplands. Roads have

               unintentionally    acted as dams to sheetwater flow.             Large

               agricultural areas redirect water through irrigation practices.

               Surface water runoff is increased when permeable soils are.

               covered by houses and parking lots.         The presence of these

               alterations has changed the shape of and size of watersheds.

                     Often it is difficult to assess the effects of these

               changes.     Thus, what has been considered in the past as one

               watershed may now be divided into several watersheds and what may

               have been several natural watersheds may now          be one large

               watershed. Virtually all watershed boundaries in Florida are

               artificial since there are no areas in the state that have not

               been    affected   by road or      drainage    canal    construction,

               agricultural     practices    and   residential    and      commercial

               development.

                     Since many areas of Florida that are presently developed

                                            14

                were originally wetland areas or low upland areas, most contain

                some sort of structures to convey water from the land during

                periods of high rainfall so that the land remains dry and usable.

                Most often, these structures are drainage canals.       An accurate

                map of the locations of these structures, the date when they were

                constructed and data concerning the amount of discharge that

                occurs on a yearly and seasonal basis is needed.             Studying

                existing information and monitoring new data will help assess the

                potential for impacts to the system as the quantity and timing of

                freshwater entering the estuary changes.

                     Roads within the watershed have an opposite effect from

                canals.   Usually these roads lack culverts and serve as dams to

                freshwater flows. If enough roads are present, some upland areas

                may become     impounded.     After an initial survey of          road

                locations are noted, the presence of major culverts within these

                road systems should be noted on a map. As was the case with the

                drainayu canal systein such information is useful in assessing

                what alterations have occurred to the quantity and timing of

                freshwater entering the estuarine system.

                     Land use patterns within the watershed must be examined.

                Locating agricultural, commercial and residential areas will

                assist in determining which parameters should be monitored.        For

                instance, more emphasis may be placed on monitoring for nutrients

                and pesticides in an intensely agricultural watershed whereas

                monitoring for heavy metals and industrial type pollutants would

                be more important in an urbanized watershed. In addition to the

                analysis of land use patterns you need to locate potential point

                source and non-point source discharges.      The type of monitoring

                                             15

              program designed will, in part, depend upon whether the program

              is to monitor for point source or non-point source         impacts on

              the estuarine system.

                     A thorough knowledge of the vegetation patterns within the

              watershed and estuary is also necessary. Through vegetation

              patterns, the location of freshwater wetlands can be located.

              Because these areas are the conduit for fresh water to reach the

              estuary     these areas should be identified and given special

              consideration as preservation        areas as the watershed          is

              developed.

                    Detecting changes which occur over time in the amount and

              typu    of vegetated areas is useful in assessing the current

              status of the estuarine system and watershed, the threats to

              these areas and the type of monitoring to be conducted.               A

              considerable amount of estuarine wetland classification work is

              being done through the Department of Natural Resource's Marine

              Research Laboratory and Department of Environmental Regulation's

              programs using LANDSAT images.      Eventually, this work should be

              expanded so that each aquatic preserve has a LANDSAT survey and

              baseline vegetation map of the entire estuary and watershed.

                    The watershed that is defined for the monitoring program

              should use the artifical boundaries. The land within this area

              is most likely to contain alterations and point source discharges

              that will directly impact the estuary and therefore affect

              management   problems. It is also helpful to define the natural

              boundaries       (historical    boundaries)    of   the      watershed.

              Comparative  information on the natural and modified watersheds is

              useful in    assessing whether restoration activities are            an

                                            16

               appropriate and viable management alternative.

                     There are three potential sources for information concerning

               the watersheds of the coastal systems of Florida.             The U.S.

               Geological Survey       (USGS) has designated all portions of the

               state of Florida as belonging to the specific "hydrologic units."

               These are large areas within the state which generally contain a

               number of subunits. For information concerning the hydrologic

               units within the study area, contact the U.S. Geological Survey

               Reston, Virginia 22092. In the inquiry to the USGS, request

               additional information that may be available about the study

               area.    Some publications do exist. For example, the U.S. Fish

               and Wildlife Service has done an ecological characterization of

               the Caloosahatchee River/Big Cypress Watersheds in Southwest

               Florida (Drew and Schomer 1984).

                     More detailed descriptions of the subunits within these

               major watersheds are available from the local water management

               districts and/or county government offices. In researching the

               watershed units within the          Ten Thousand Islands area, we

               discovered that the Collier County Comprehensive Plan (1983)

               contained maps of drainage basins which closely approximate

               naturally occurring watersheds within Collier County.           However,

               because of extensive development in this area these basins were

               not sufficient to define the watershed of primary concern in

               managing the Cape Romano - Ten Thousand Islands area.

                     Further research through the Water Management District

               office revealed three documents about subwatersheds within the

               natural basin areas described by the County (Master Plan for

               Water Management District No. 6 1972; Belle Meade-Royal Palm

                                             17

               Hammock Water Management Plan 1982; and Master Plan Update for

               Water Management District No. 6 1985). These       reports contain

               detailed information about the watersheds that are specific to

               the Rookery Bay and Cape Romano areas.

               Acquiring and Analyzing Existing Databases

                    Simply   gathering    information and    organizing    it    is

               insufficient.   Before you can design a monitoring program the

               data from the literature review and characterization of the

               watershed should be integrated and reviewed. Conclusions about

               the present status should be derived. Depending upon the system

               being studied, this can be a relatively easy task if little

               information is available or it can appear to be a monumental task

               that will take years to accomplish. In the latter case it is not

               recommended that all data from a large estuarine area (eg. Tampa

               Bay) be acquired, synthesized and analyzed. Instead only the

               specific subestuary and subwatersheds within this       large area

               should undergo this close scrutiny.

                    Evaluation of the available data and what the analyses of

               these data tell us about the system provides the final details

               necessary to design a monitoring program. The evaluation process

               provides an assessment of gaps in the existing database.          it

               will also help to determine station location and sampling

               frequency for the monitoring program.

                    Data acquired from previous work should be entered into a

               computer data base program. In order to create this data base

               the raw data from each study should be acquired. In tandem with

                                           18

               this request it is essential to obtain a detailed account of the

               methods by which each data set were collected, analyzed, and

               summarized.    Usually, this information is contained within a

               written report. Without knowledge of how samples were collected

               and analyzed, interpretation of the data from different studies

               may lead to erroneous conclusions if the data were collected or

               analyzed via different methods. If this is the case it will be

               necessary to determine whether or not the data can be compared

               for purposes of assessing the system.            If in doubt, we

               recommend consulting with the author or authors of the various

               reports.

                    As data sources are acquired, a computer data base should be

               ustablished for the study area. We recommend        establishing a

               master data file (all parameters) and separate data files for

               each parameter on which information is available. Thus, as you

               accumulate reports containing salinity data, the data can be

               entered into a salinity data file and master data file in the

               computer.

                    When all information has been collected, an initial data

               analysis using descriptive statistics should be conducted.        The

               purpose of this is to examine the pattern or patterns in the data

               over time and/or between sample locations. For the entire data

               set it may be appropriate to perform other statistical tests

               such as correlation coefficients and analyses of variance or

               covariance. These procedures will provide insights into possible

               relationships between one or more of the variables.

                    Unusual changes in the behavior of a parameter should be

               examined in relation to unusual changes in the land use pattern

                                           19

                in the watershed. For example, increased turbidity levels may be

                observed when a pine forest was cut and burned and the land

                converted to agricultural use. Or increased nutrient levels may

                be found when a new sewer plant was built and began discharging

                into a major tributary of an estuarine system.

                     The acquisition and analysis of data collected by others may

                be the major source of data for your monitoring program.        it

                is possible, although less desirable, to conduct analyses of data

                collected by others and synthesize the results to produce a

                ongoing monitoring program for the study area.      A monitoring

                program of this type is less than ideal but it is better than no

                program at all.

                     The importance of the preliminary work described above

                cannot be over emphasized. Any monitoring program that is not

                based on a review of existing information and knowledge of the

                watershed wi-1.1 never do more than provide limited information.

                 Designing a Monitoring Program

                     There are four elements to be considered when designing a

                monitoring program: choosing the parameters to be monitored;

                determining the frequency at which samples will be collected;

                determining the station locations; and conducting a data analysis

                (Thoemke 1986) with the exception of conducting a data analysis

                the first three tasks are collectively done. For purposes of

                discussion each element will be separately discussed.

                               Choosing Parameters to be monitored

                     A review of the scientific information on estuaries shows

                                           20

                that there are many parameters and groups of parameters that have

                been studied at one time or another. For purposes of designing a

                monitoring program these parameters can be grouped as physical,

                chemical and biological.       We will assume that the           budget

                constraints imposed on the choice of parameters have been

                accounted for.

                     While there are many physical parameters. which could be

                monitored the core group of parameters which should serve as the

                backbone    of the monitoring program          include     temperature,

                salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, rainfall and tidal

                level.    If it does not exist, a long term data base should be

                collected for these parameters.

                     The core group of parameters are good indicators of what is

                occurring within the system. Salinity is the most critical

                parameter within the core group. Although estuarine areas are

                characterized by fluctuating salinities during the course of a

                year, the naturally occurring cycle is predictable. Estuarine

                salinities increase as freshwater input decreases and decreases

                when   freshwater inflow increases.        Because many       estuarine

                organisms depend upon a certain salinity range to complete their

                life cycle, deviations from the expected normal ranges are

                indicators that either a natural or man induced change is

                occurring within the system. Hines et al (1987) discusses the

                importance of a long term salinity data base.           Variations in

                temperature are usually predictable based on the time of the

                year. Fluxuations in the pH are usually definable for the same

                reasons outlined for changes in salinity.

                     Dissolved oxygen values fluctuate over a wide range within

                                              21

                 the estuary.    They are related to both the temperature and

                 salinity of the water. Extreme low values of DO serve as an

                 indicator of poor estuarine health. Turbidity is highly variable

                 throughout estuarine systems in Florida. The degree of turbidity

                 depends on suspended materials that enter the estuary via

                 freshwater inflow and resuspension via wind and tidal action.

                 Elevated   turbidities can surpress phytoplankton growth and

                 survival of submerged aquatic vegetation.

                     The equipment for measuring temperature, pH, salinity and

                 dissolved oxygen should be designed of measuring these parameters

                 in situ.    Readings should be taken at the surface and bottom.

                 Stratification in any of these parameters should be recorded and

                 nutrient samples    (discussed below) should be taken in each

                 layer. Physical parameter data for the Thousand Islands study

                 (temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were collected

                 with a Hydrolab (Model 4083). While these parameters can be

                 measured with other instruments, the ease and convenience of

                 measuring all parameters in one overboard probe was found to be

                 time saving.     If the instrument is properly calibrated and

                 handled, it has proved to be very accurate during field sampling.

                 In addition to these physical parameters, a small bottle of water

                 should be collected for laboratory analysis of turbidity.

                     Rainfall and tidal level data are important parameters to

                 measure in the core group. Both the amount of rainfall within

                 the estuarine area and watershed and tidal fluxuations will be

                 useful in relating changes in salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen

                 to the rainfall events. If one or more tide gauges are not

                 already@ present in the area, at least one tide gauge should be

                                            22

                 installed. If one or more rain gauges are not in place, then at

                 Jua,,;L onu@ rccording rain gauge, should be installed.  Because     of

                 the tropical rainfall pattern of rainfall in Florida, it is not

                 unusual for part of the watershed to receive a different amount

                 of rainfall compared to a relatively close area.             For this

                 reason, we recommended that more than one rain gauge be installed

                 within the watershed.      Prior to deciding how many rain gauges

                 should be placed within the watershed, check with the National

                 Weather Service, airports, Water Management District Offices,

                 County    Government offices, Mosquito Control Districts            and

                 agricultural facilities to assess the location of existing rain

                 gauges.

                         Chemical    parameter    data are the second         type    of

                 information for which baseline data should be obtained.             The

                 parameters included in this group are ammonium,          nitrate and

                 orthophosphate. Nitrogen and phosphorous represent the important

                 classes of dissolved inorganic nutrients which occur in the water

                 column. These nutrients are essential for primary producers.

                 Levels of dissolved nutrients within the system serve as an

                 indicator as to the degree of organic enrichment of the system.

                 The purpose of collecting baseline dissolved nutrient data from

                 the water column is to determine whether nutrient enrichment is

                 occurring within the study area. If station locations and

                 sampling frequency are properly designed you may obtain strong

                 indications of where the source of nutrient input is located.

                      Monitoring of dissolved nutrientsis not intended to detect

                 changes in nutrient levels between the water column and the

                 sediments or provide a detailed analysis of nutrient cycling

                                              23

                within the system. A more rigorous research project is necessary

                to obtain this information.        The results of the         nutrient

                monitoring should suggest types of further scientific research on

                nutrient cycling that should be conducted within the area.

                      Sample analyses for the pilot study of the Ten Thousand

                Islands for nutrients were conducted using the methods of

                Strickland and Parsons (1972) and Parsons et al (1984).            The

                technique was slightly modified so that a microtechnique could be

                used (Carlson, personal communication). Sampling procedures are

                provided in Appendix II.

                      During the planning stages for this project both the water

                chemistry laboratory of the Florida Department of Environmental

                Regulation    and the U.S. Environmental Protectional           Agency

                Laboratory    were    contacted concerning     availability    of    a

                standardized    and    approved   method    of   nutrient     analysis

                for estuarine    water.     At present no      such    standards    or

                certification    exists.      We recommend     the   Department     of

                Environmental Regulation develop these standards.         Results of

                analyses from a certified lab will be less questionable in legal

                cases and would be better received during the rule making process

                of regulatory agencies.

                      While obtaining baseline data for these parameters is highly

                desirable we recognize that nutrient analyses require specialized

                equipment.    We do not recommended each facility or aquatic

                preserve have the equipment to analyze nutrients. This is not

                cost or time effective at this stage of the Aquatic Preserve

                pL U(J L-ant. Wu EUCCA11111U11dud OwL 011c Or 1110ru rugional water

                chemistry laboratories be established within the aquatic preserve

                                             24

                 system. Each facility would provide analytical work for several

                 aquatic preserves.

                     As a part of this grant such a facility has been established

                 at Rookery Bay. The equipment purchased with funds from this

                 grant is capable of conducting nutrient analyses. With a full

                 time technician the present capacity for processing samples for

                 the nutrient parameters discussed in this report is 300 complete

                 nutrient samples per week.

                     Monitoring biological parameters is more time consuming and

                 uxpensive than monitoring physical and chemical parameters.     In

                 addition it requires a specific expertise in one or more groups

                 of estuarine organisms. Consequently monitoring or designing a

                 monitoring program for biological variables must be approached

                 cautiously. If the study area has no data concerning biological

                 parameters, we   recommended to first develop a comprehensive

                 species list for the area. Ideally this list should include

                 information on the density and distribution of each species.

                     Particular attention should be devoted to identifying any

                 organisms that are known to be indicators of water quality

                 problems. If these organisms (bioindicators) can be identified,

                 then emphasis on their abundance and distribution should be

                 studied.

                     Long turm monitoring of bioindicators is an effective method

                 of monitoring the long term effects of pollution on a system

                 (Segar et al 1987). One group of organisms that have received

                 considerable attention are bivalves. Farrington et al (1987)

                 discussed the use of bivalve species as bioindicators for

                 monitoring the levels of some chemicals in the           estuarine

                                            25

                 environment.

                       While recent papers and literature such as those noted above

                 emphasize the importance of biological monitoring, this type of

                 monitoring may not be of primary importance for some Florida

                 estuaries.    In areas such as Rookery Bay and the Ten Thousand

                 Islands where the estuarine watersheds have not been severely

                 impacted by industrial or extensive agricultural runoff, factors

                 such as the quantity and timing of fresh water entering the

                 estuarine system are more important management concerns.             In

                 these areas biological monitoring, which is extremely time

                 consuming, is not recommended as part of the initial monitoring

                 program.     However if a sufficient database of physical and

                 chemical data are available then a plan to monitor selected

                 groups of organisms should be planned.

                       For some systems, special parameters should be monitored.

                 Areas that have industrial discharges or extensive agricultural

                 activity should consider baseline sampling for pesticides           and

                 heavy metals in the water column, sediments and or tissues of

                 organisms such as oysters, clams and mussels.         Because of the

                 highly specialized equipment necessary to detect these compounds,

                 arrangements for analysis must be made with a well equipped

                 laboratory at a major university, private laboratory or state

                 laboratory.       Initial analysis for Rookery Bay was contracted

                 with the Water Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health and

                 Rehabilitative services in Jacksonville. (Thoemke and Gyorkos

                 1987)

                                               26

                 Determining Sampling Frequency

                      The second factor to be considered when designing              a

                 monitoring program is the frequency at which samples              are

                 collected.    As was the case in determining which parameters to

                 monitor this question is also influenced by the funds and staff

                 available.

                      When dealing with sampling frequency there are two scales of

                 concern:    short term temporal variation such as over a tidal

                 cycle and long term temporal variation such as over the course of

                 a five year period. For purposes of designing a monitoring

                 program it is impractical to deal with a long term database that

                 is monitoring to detect short term temporal variations. Rather, a

                 long term study should involve determining long term temporal

                 variations (Hines et al 1987).

                      Based on our previous work (Thoemke and Gyorkos 1987) and

                 the sampling program developed for the Ten Thousand Island, we

                 recommend the core group of physical parameters be sampled at a

                 interval not exceeding every other week. Weekly sampling is

                 preferable.    Samples taken less frequently than this may not

                 accurately represent the range of annual variation.          Nutrient

                 samples should be collected at a frequency not to exceed one

                 month intervals.     Biological samples should be collected at

                 intervals not exceeding four times per year.            While these

                 sampling frequencies may seem inadequate it is important to

                 remember that data will be collected over a multiyear period. The

                 data are intended to describe long term distributions and

                 concentrations. Sampling at frequencies that are used in short

                                              27

                term studies (1-3 years) would be preferred but is not realistic

                given the man power and budget of the Bureau of Aquatic Preserves

                at this point in their history.

                      There is one exception to the sampling frequency described

                in the preceding paragraph. There should be increase in the

                frequency of sampling during periods of extreme events.             This

                would include storm and drought events. Hines (et al 1987) and

                Mitchell and Mitchell (1980) have discussed the importance of

                extreme events on the distribution of estuarine organisms.

                During these unusual occurrences sampling frequency should be

                increased in order to detect at what levels and duration             the

                changes occur during this event. Extreme events probably control

                the distribution of estuarine organisms more than any other

                factor.

                      Additional    detailed    discussions    concerning       sampling

                frequency are provided in Boyle (1987) and Green (1979). Both

                references should be consulted when planning a               monitoring

                program.

                                    Determining Station Locations

                      The third element of designing a monitoring program is

                determining the station locations. A number of factors will

                influence this decision. In addition to the obvious concerns of

                manpower and funding, station locations should be determined

                based upon the analysis of the existing database.            From the

                background     information collected about the         area,     station

                                              28

                 locations should be chosen to correspond to any previously

                 designated sampling area from which there is a significant amount

                 of data. This will facilitate the comparison of data collected

                 in the monitoring program with previously collected data.        The

                 same consideration should also be given to the frequency at which

                 the data is collected.

                       Particuiarly desirabie station locations include the mouth

                 and one or more upstream sites of tidal channels and drainage

                 canals, the tidally connected openings of estuarine bays and

                 lagoons to oceanic waters and stations along a salinity gradient

                 if other than previously described. Sampling along a salinity

                 gradient allows for data analysis using the conservative mixing

                 model (Barton and Liss, 1976) described in the data analysis

                 section of this report.

                       Designing an effective monitoring program for an estuarine

                 area may necessitate sampling areas at the headwaters of the

                 estuary or into some of the freshwater regions. Because of the

                 importance of the freshwater within the estuaries watershed, it

                 is appropriate for monitoring activities to extend into the

                 upland portion of the watershed.

                       Station locations in the Ten Thousand Islands were chosen in

                 the headwater bays, channels and Gulf front channel openings of

                 the study area (Figure 2). These stations also corresponded to

                 seasonal salinity gradients which occurred during the rainy

                 season months.

                       Green (1979) discusses the importance of taking randomly

                 allocated    replicate samples. Sampling areas (i.e.         station

                 locations) that are chosen for the monitoring program should be

                                             29

                 large enough to allow the collection of random samples within

                 each sampling location. They should not be so small as to allow

                 for only a single discreet sample station to be chosen.                A

                 complete discussion on the philosophy and rational for choosing

                 station locations is beyond the scope of this report. The reader

                 is referred to Green (1979) for a more detailed discussion on

                 choosing station locations.

                                             Data Analysis

                       once data have been collected it is important to analyze the

                 results and make interpretations about the system. Keeping in

                 mind that this is a monitoring program and not a scientific

                 study,    a detailed statistical analysis is           not    required.

                 Descriptive statistics such as the mean, standard deviation and

                 variance are the first level of data analysis that should be

                 conducted. These results should be presented in either graph or

                 table form depending upon the amount of data to be presented.

                       The analysis of the data using a correlation coefficient

                 matrix is also very useful. Correlation coefficients express the

                 amount of relationship and dependence of one variable on another.

                 Usually this is interpreted as one parameter controlling or

                 regulating by another. This information can be very useful in

                 inferring what types of management problems exist within the

                 estuarine area.      For example, a high correlations           between

                 elevated dissolved nutrient levels and low salinity suggests that

                 nutrients are coming from an upland source.

                       If sampling stations are located along a salinity gradient

                                               30

                the behavior of the dissolved constituents in relation to changes

                in salinity can be analyzed using the conservative index of

                mixing (Burton and Liss 1976). In a conservatively mixed estuary

                the concentration of a constituent (parameter) will exhibit a

                linear variation along a salinity gradient. If the concentration

                of the constituent varies from the linear relationship it

                indicates either the addition or removal of that constituent from

                the system (Figure 3). Extreme deviations from the theoretical

                dilution line in a narrow salinity range would indicate the

                addition or removal of a constituent (Figure 3). Data analyzed

                in this fashion can provide strong inferences as to the location

                of potential point and non-puint source discharges of pollutants

                to the estuary.

                     It is likely that after a few years your monitoring program

                will bu dealing with laryc zAwounts of data. This makes the use

                of a personal computer with spreadsheet and data base software

                program essential.     A data file for all parameters should be

                established.     In addition a separate data file          for    all

                information on individual parameters should be created. Assuming

                that the data in your monitoring program was collected using

                compatible methods, you can merge your data set with the

                historical data sets from other studies.

                     Data    analysis and the presentation of        results     from

                biological monitoring will vary depending upon the type of or

                group of organisms being sampled. Benthic invertebrate and fish

                data should be analyzed for average number of individuals per

                sample, total number of species per sample, the density or unit

                of area, the average size per species, the sex ratio and presence

                                            31

                of area, the average size per species, the sex ratio and presence

                of egg bearing females. In general, any life history parameter

                that can easily be collected as part of the sampling program

                should be noted.

                     After data have been analyzed and the results interpreted,

                the final step in the design and implementation of the monitoring

                program should be to prepare reports summarizing what has been

                learned about the area. At least three types of reports should

                be prepared.    If sufficient information exists, a separate

                summary report of previously collected data should be completed.

                Second, yearly summaries of the results of the monitoring program

                should be prepared. These will function as periodic reviews of

                the data so that any changes which may be occurring in the system

                can be described.

                     The third, and most time consuming is a comprehensive report

                of all the data known about the system. The synthesis should

                contain easily interpretable graphics and concise summaries for

                each parameter on which data exists. A general discussion should

                follow which interprets the results and relates their meaning to

                the past, present and future management of the system.         The

                summary report prepared for the Apalachicola system (Livingston,

                1980) is the type of synthesis and summary document which should

                be prepared for each Aquatic Preserve.

                     Periodically a revaluation of your monitoring program and

                management plan should be conducted. The results of previous and

                current studies will reveal ways in which to update and enhance

                the monitoring program as well as provide the information

                necessary to analyze and if appropriate, revise the management

                                           32

                 objectives and policies of the study site. Thus, this entire

                 process is part of a self feeding loop that goes on indefinitely.

                 Monitoring Progra Duration

                      Once a sampling program has been planned, the program should

                 be continued for a minimum of three years. Ideally the program

                 should continue indefinitely. However given the realities of

                 funding long term monitoring programs it is unlikely that data

                 can be continuously collected. We recommend the Aquatic Preserve

                 Program change this policy by providing sufficient staff and

                 funds to maintain an ongoing basic monitoring program. As a

                 minimun this should include monitoring the core group of physical

                 parameters:    temperature,    salinity, pH,     dissolved    oxygen,

                 turbidity, rainfall and tidal level.

                      The other data sets: nutrients and biological parameters

                 should be collected for an initial period of at least three

                 years. This amount of time is necessary to establish whether the

                 annual cycles observed are representative of typical years.        if

                 budget and staff constraints do not permit continous monitoring

                 we   recommend altering nutrient and        biological    monitoring

                 programst    sampling nutrient on even years and          biological

                 parameters on odd years for example. Over the long        term this

                 should provide satisfactory information concerning        long term

                 changes and behavior in the parameters being studied.

                                              33

                 The Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve Study

                      Using the procedures outlined in this report a baseline

                 monitoring program for the Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands

                 Aquatic Preserve has been initiated.        The background search

                 revealed several references but comparatively little scientific

                 data about the system. The size of the watershed was determined

                 from documents obtained from the Collier County Comprehensive

                 Plan (1983).     A vegetation analysis of the estuarine area was

                 conducted using a LANDSAT image and ERDAS software.

                      A review of the information available on this system

                 resulted in choosing the sample stations located along salinity

                 gradients indicated in Figure 2. Sampling was initiated in

                 April, 1987 at 14 stations. Samples are collected every 2 weeks.

                 The parameters for which data are being collected include;

                 temperature,    pH, salinity,    dissolved oxygen, secchi        disk

                 readings, turbitity, BOD, suspended solids, ortho phosphate,

                 ammonium,   nitrite, nitrate, chlorophyll a, b and            c  and

                 phaeopigment. The insitu parameters are measured with a Hydrolab

                 (Model 3038).     Laboratory analysis of turbitity, BOD,         and

                 nutrient   and chlorophyll analyses are conducted using            an

                 Orionoxygen probe and incubation box, HF turbidity meter         and

                 Perkin   Elmer spectrophotometer respectively.          Methods  for

                 laboratory analysis are contained in appendix II. Appendix       III

                 contains the raw data through September 1987.           Due to   the

                 ificuillpIQLU daLa suL, an analysis has not been           conducted.

                 Sampling   will continue into April 1988 at which time              a

                 preliminary report of the results of the data from the first year

                                              34

                will be prepared. This report will contain the literature search

                and information concerning the watershed.

                Summary and Conclusions

                      The recommendations and design for a monitoring program for

                Aquatic Preserves made in this report are based on our previous

                experiences and new information learned from this study.           Some

                difficult decisions concerning the type of parameters to be

                monitored and the frequency at which data should be collected

                must be made. This report should be considered as a first attempt

                at designing a monitoring program for the Aquatic Preserves that

                takes into account current thinking on designing monitoring

                programs,    the staff and funding available for the Bureau of

                Aquatic Preserves and the amount of information that is available

                for each site.

                      The conclusions and recommendations of this report are

                summarized as follows:

                1. A monitoring program is need for the aquatic preserves.

                2.    The goal of this program should be to assess the status of

                the system and provide data for management policy and decision

                making.

                3. The questions which the monitoring program should attempt to

                answer are: What is the present status of the area, is the area

                being stressed, and are the present management policies effective

                in dealing with management issues?

                4.    The first step in designing a monitoring program is to

                collect , background     information about      the   system.      This

                                             35

                 information should include a review of the scientific literature,

                 government reports, gray literature, historical accounts and

                 available maps and photos.

                 5.    Field offices for Aquatic Preserves should establish a

                 computerized reprint collection for background information.

                 6.    The boundaries of the Aquatic Preserves watershed must be

                 defined. Information concerning the quantity, quality and timing

                 of fresh water entering the estuary, land use and vegetation

                 patterns of the watershed must be determined.

                 7. Careful consideration must be given to defining the watershed

                 since    most areas in Florida have been affected            by     the

                 construction of roads and canals and upland residential and

                 commercial development.

                 8.    Help is available from the U.S. Geological Survey and Water

                 Management Districts in defining the watershed.

                 9. When all background information has been acquired an initial

                 analysis of the data set should be conducted in order to

                 determine the type of parameters to be monitored and how the data

                 should be collected.

                 10.    The background data uncovered during the discovery phase

                 should be entered into a computer data base for future analysis

                 with the data collected from your monitoring program.

                 11.    Designing a monitoring program involves four elements:

                 Choosing the parameters to be monitored, determining sampling

                 frequency,    determining station location and conducting            an

                 analysis of the data. A core group of physical parameters is the

                 minimum data set for the monitoring program. Ideally these data

                                              36

                 should be continuously collected.

                 12.   Dissolved nutrients should be sampled to determine if

                 enrichment problems are occurring. Nutrient enrichment is a

                 major source of estuarine habitat degradation.

                 13.   Biological data should be collected after an initial

                 physical and chemical data have been obtained.   When conducting

                 biological monitoring, bioindicaters species should be identified.

                 14.   Sampling frequency for the core parameters should be an

                 interval not greater than 2 weeks. Nutrient sampling should be

                 at an interval not greater than one month. Biological sampling

                 should not be at an interval greater than 4 times per year.

                 15.   Intense sampling of the system     should be done during

                 extreme events.

                 16.   Station locations should be based on establishing stations

                 along a salitity gradient and include sites where data were

                 collected in previous studies.

                 17.   Data analysis should be limited to descriptive statistics,

                 correlations and conservative versus nonconservative        mixing

                 models.

                 18. The duration of the initial monitoring program for an aquatic

                 preserve should be a minimum of three years.

                     Finally we recommend the Bureau of Aquatic Preserves provide

                 sufficient staff and funding to conduct a basic monitoring

                 program for all aquatic preserves as outlined in this report.

                 Successful management of these systems depends upon having an

                 understanding of the physical, chemical and biological conditions

                 within the preserve. This information is best obtained from a

                 monitoring program. The results of the monitoring program will

                                            37

                be used to specify research that addresses specific management

                questions. In turn this information will enhance the monitoring

                program via a feedback cycle between research and monitoring.

                     The results of monitoring program will also be valuable for

                the education program of the aquatic preserves. The results of

                both monitoring and research can be directly used in educating

                the public and professionals concerning the problems of the

                preserve and whether the management policies in effect are

                dealing successfully with the problems.

                                        Acknowledgements

                     We wish to thank Ken Haddad and Paul Carlson for their

                technical assistance, Steve Bertone for his field and laboratory

                help, Ray Bearfield and Beverly Friar for their work in preparing

                the manuscript.

                                           38

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                                                39

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                       Ecusystums, ASTM STP 940, T. P. ]3oyl(-,, Ed. , American Society
                       for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia. pp. 70-90.

                 Parsons, Timothy R., Yoshiaki Maita, and Carol M.                  Lalli.
                       1984.   A manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for
                       Seawater       Analysis. Pergamon Press, New York.

                 Perry, J. A., F.J.   Schaeffer, and E.E.Herricks. 1987. Innovative
                       Designs for    Water Quality Monitoring: Are We Asking the
                       Questions Before the Data Are Collected? In, New Approaches
                       to Monitoring Aquatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP 940, T. P. Boyle,
                       Ed.,   American     Society    for    Testing    and   Materials.
                       Philadelphia. pp 28-39.

                 Segar, Douglas A., David J. H. Phillips, and Elaine Stamman.
                       1987. Strategies for Long-term Pollution Monitoring of the
                       Coastal Oceans. In New Approaches to Monitoring Aquatic
                       Ecosystems. ASTM STP 940, T. P. Boyle, Ed., American Society
                       for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia. pp. 12-27.

                 Strickland, J.D.H. and T.R. Parsons.            1972.    A   Practical
                       Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Fisheries Research Board of
                       Canada, Ottawa.

                 Thoemke, Kris W. 1985. Management Strategies for a Mangrove
                       Estuary. In, Coastal Zone '85, Orville T. Magoon, Hugh
                       Converse, Dallas Miner, Delores Clark and L. Thomas Tobin,
                       Eds, American Society of Civil Engineers. New York. pp.
                       1898-1910.

                 Thoemke, Kris W. 1986. Designing an Estuarine               Monitoring
                       Program:    Choosing from the Parameter Smorgasbord. In,
                       Oceans 86,  IEEE. New York. pp. 852-855.

                 Thoemke, Kris     W. and Kenneth P.Gyorkos. 1987. An Analysis of

                                               40

                      Nutrient, Chlorophyll, Heavy Metal and Pesticide Levels in
                      Rookery    Bay National Estuarine Research       Reserve     and
                      Distribution and Abundance of Benthic Invertebrates in
                      Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Final Grant
                      Report to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
                      Office of Oceanic and Coastal Resource Management.

                 Zwick, Charles J. 1987. Florida's Future Under the              State
                      Comprehensive Plan. Florida Environmental and Urban Issues,
                      14: 6-8.

                                             41

              CAT NO.    749
              AUTHORS    OSTRY, ROBERT C.

              DATE       1982
              TITLE      RELATIONSHIP OF WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOADS TO LAND
                         USES IN ADJOINING WATERSHEDS

              SOURCE     WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN, VOL. 18, NO. 1

              KEYWORDS   WATERSHED, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION SOURCES, URBAN RUNOFF,
                         POINT SOURCE, AGRICULTURE RUNOFF

              Figure 1. Typical citation from dBase III computer library system.

                                              42

                                               VW3 HOW WVA

                 Figure 2. Station location for the Ten Thousand Island Aquatic
                                 Preserve area. 1

                                                                 43

                                                                             3:

                                            0   Addition

                                            0

                                            4J
                                                             Removal
                                                    J.  .1

                                                  J.
                                            41
                                            0
                                            r.
                                            0

                                             0   Theor,     L dilution line
                                             L

                                                    Addition

                                                        Theoretical
                                            0       %   %
                                                          dilution line

                                                          %
                                                           %
                                            4J             %
                                            a
                                                Removal

                                            0      Point Source Discharge

                                            V
                                                   0
                                            40
                                            .U
                                            C.        Oe
                                                        91@
                                                         V
                                            4J            1.1,
                                            r.
                                                            04

                                                                100

                                              Low      Salinity        High IC

                            Fig. 3.    Idealized representation of the relationship between
                            concentration of a dissolved component and a conservative index
                            of mixing, for an estuary in which there are single sources of
                                             0,
                                              ,/AdditiO
                                                             Moo,

                            river and sea water: (a) for a component (A) whose concentration
                            is greater in sea water than in river water and (b) for a
                            c(nill)(aient (B) whose concunLration is greater in river water than
                            iii -iej w,jLer. (Redrawn frout Burton and Liss. 1976). (c) Idealized
                            representation of a point source discharge.

                                                      44

               Appendix I. Sources of Maps and Aerial Photographs.

                 1. local government -

                      Several   types of maps are available from your          county

                 government offices. The types found for Collier County include

                 unyincuriny , kED1 , counLy duvelopment , and composite maps.     In

                 addition the county's Natural Resources Management Department has

                 a complete set of aerial photos. Local government offices are a

                 good place to start looking for information.

                 2. U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) -

                      Many aerial photographs and maps have been compiled, and

                 area indexed and stored on microfiche with the USGS. Using this

                 source you may order maps and photos from the early 1950's to the

                 present. This is a good agency to use which may save many hours

                 of searching other less inclusive sources.

                      US Geological Survey

                      National Cartography Information Center

                      507 National Center

                      Reston, VA 22092

                      (7 0 3) 8 6 0- 6 16 7

                 3. United States Department Agriculure -

                      The United States Department of Agriculture has an extensive

                 collection of aerial photography. To order images send a map of

                 area with the preserve location illustrated and a description of

                                             45

                 the size and type of image needed. Photographs are available from

                 1952, 1953, 1963, 1980, and 1982 - 1984 in two sizes. Black and

                 white image are $ 3.00 for a 9"x9" and $ 12.00 for a 24"x24"

                 image.

                       Aerial Photography Field Office, ASCS-USDA

                       2222 West 2300 South, PO Box 30010, Salt Lake City

                       801-524-5856

                       Frank Mackeletere is the contact person

                 4. National Cartrography Information Center -

                       Aerial photographs are indexed on the Summary Recode System, a

                 listing of photographs available from government and private

                 sources.

                       NASA

                       Slidell, Ms.

                       601-688-3541

                       Hank Svehlak is the contact person

                 5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

                       From this agency you can obtain information from the Office

                 of Satellite    Operations, Satellite data processing, National

                 Climatic data   center, oceanographic data, Geophysical data, and

                 Assessment and  information services.

                       Office of External Relati.ons

                       Information and Communication Unit

                       E/ER3 NESDIS, NOAA

                                                46

                      Room 3308, FB-4

                      Washington, D.C. 20233

                6. Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory

                      This agency has been involved in preparing base line

                vegetation maps for the aquatic preserves using            satellite

                imagery. Satellite imagery can be ordered from the two sources

                EOSAT or SPOT. The first source uses a satellite capable of

                analyzing 30 meter pixel images and SPOT data has 10 meter pixel

                resolution. The latter however does not determine differences in

                vegetation as well as the EOSAT images. Processing of raw data

                from a satellite image must be done on a mainframe computer that

                also has personal computer system capabilities. Purchasing an

                image is expensive and cost will be a major factor involved in

                the decision to use this type of information. The imagery

                utilized at the Rookery Bay office is recieved and processed by

                the Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Lab in St.

                Petersburg, Florida. We recommend you contact the lab prior to

                using a satellite image.

                      Florida DNR Marine Lab

                      100 8th Ave SE

                      St. Petersburg, Fl. 33701

                      (813) 896-8626

                      Ken Haddad is the contact person.

                      Specific questions and inforination can be obtained from:

                      EOSAT

                      4300 Forbes Blvd

                                             47

                     Lanham, MD. 20706

                     (800) 344-9933

                     SPOT

                     1897 Preston White Drive

                     Reston, Virginia   22091-4326

                     (703) 620-2200

                7. Florida Department of Agriculture

                     This agency can supply aerial photos of most areas of the

                state. They come in the form of contact prints form for the older

                sources and index sheets for the newer photos.

                     Agriculture Stabilization Conservation Service

                     PO Box 670

                     Gainsville, Fl. 32602

                     904-372-8549

                     the contact person is Ronnie Keller

                8. University of Florida -

                     State universities are a good source for maps and aerial

                photographs. Larger schools have full service libraries that can

                handle map listings or are familiar with locations of such

                listings. The University of Florida has a map library with

                extensive holdings and can order maps not in the library's files.

                     University of Gainsville Library

                     Gainsville, Fl. 32602

                     (904) 392-0341

                     Helen Armstrong is the map librarian

                                            48

                Appendix II. Field and Laboratory Procedures.

                1. Nutrient Parameters - Triplicate samples were collected from

                each location at mid depth using a horizontal water sampling

                bottle . The samples were filtered in the field using a 50 ml

                syringe and a Gelman 25mm filter holder containing a 25mm Gelman

                0.45um membrane filter. The filtrate was transfered to an acid

                washed and nano pure water rinsed 15ml polystyrene screw cap

                centrifuge tube. Special care is needed when handling the tubes.

                Touching the rim or inside of the tube with your hands or fingers

                will contaminate the samples and result in inaccurate readings.

                     The tubes were stored in the dark and on ice until returned

                to the lab. The samples were frozen until processing could be

                completed. Analysis of the samples was always completed within

                two days of collection.

                     Analysis of the nutrient samples was conducted using the

                procedures of Strickland and Parsons (1972) and Parsons et al.

                (1984). The volumes used in these analysis were reduced by a

                factor of 10 for all blanks, samples and reagents. These micro

                procedures were recommended by Paul Carlson at the DNR Marine Lab

                in St. Petersburg, Fl. Reduction of sample and reagent volumes

                also requires the cadmium columns for nitrate reduction be

                reduced in size. A 5cc syringe was used for the reduction

                procedure. The reduction of samples and reagents results in

                considerable savings of time and money.

                2. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - Samples were collected at mid

                                            49

                depth using a horizontal water sampling bottle. Standard BOD

                bottles were carefully filled in the field and stored in a cool

                ice chest. The initial and five day dissolved oxygen levels were

                read in the lab with a Orion 0 meter to determine oxygen uptake

                by non-photosynthetic organisms.

                3.  Fmfqwnd(@rl Solid!; - Smnplos wore collected in the fi-eld with

                the horizontal water sampling bottle, placed in 250ml opaque

                Nalgene bottles and kept in a cool ice chest. Upon return to the

                lab each sample was filtered onto preweighed Whatman glass fiber

                filters and dried in a Blue M oven at 50 C after drying the

                filter papers were reweighed. Particulate (suspended solids)

                weightwas determined by subtraction. Samples may be refrigerated

                and analyzed up to seven days later.

                4. Turbidity Samples - A sample from the suspended solid sample

                bottle was taken to and analyzed using an Hf Instruments

                Turbidity Meter.

                                             50

           ST20         time       depth    secchi s/b temp       s/b ph     s/b do s/b cond      s/b orp    s/b sal s/b turb      s/b bod    s/b ss
                                                 m         c        PH        mg/l     mmhos/cm     volts       ppt         NTU     mg/l       mg/l
           CTFIPRI5       1739         1.7       0.4     26.29       7.76       6.62         51      0.719       33.5         11      0.365     0.395
                                                         26.35       7.72       6.17         51      0.205       33.5         40    1.6133        3.51
           CTFPR29        1413         1.2       0.5     25.61       7.44       6.62       56.2      0.225       37.4        2.5    -0.406      0.196
                                                         25.49       7.43       6.14       56.4        0.22      37.4        2.3    -0.203      0.275
           CTMRY13   ABORT

           CTMRY27        1706         1.4       0.6     28.61       7.71       6.83       47.8      0.234       31.1        4.1    0.9271        0.22
                                                         28.57       7.67       6.78       47.8      0.229       31.1        9.2    0.9563        0.28
           CTJLINIO  ABORT

           CTJUN24        1553         1.2       0.6     32.79       7.58       5.94       49.2      0.155       32.2        2.4    1.2118      0.621
                                                         32.76       7.57       5. 71B     49.4      0.153       32.2        4.4    1.5257      0.525
           CTJLL23        1553         1.2       0.6     32.79       7.58       5.94       49.2      0.155       32.2        3.8    0.7081            0
                                                         32.76       7.57       5.78       49.4      0.153       32.2        9.8    0.5621            0
           CTRUG6         1246         2.2       0.5        32.4     7.51       5.24       46.5      0-152       30.2        9.4      0.219     0.413    0
                                                         31.94       7.51         4.3        47      0.151       30.4        0.2    0.1533      0.325
           CTSEP2         1231         1.8           1   31.51       7.29       3.41       38.6      0.136       24.6         15    -0.1771     0.564
        Ln                                                    31     7.36       2.82         43      0.132       27. IB      5. e       1.26    0.822    (D

                                                                                                                                                         0
                                                                                                                                                         0
              date       po4        nh4        no2       no3       chl a      chl b      chl c      phaeo
                       ug-at/l    ug-at/l    ug-at/l    ug-at/l    mg/m3      mg/m3      mg/m3      mg/m3
           CTAPR15       0.015     0.0203     0.0111     0.7438
           CTAPR29       0.044     0.0174     0.0103     0.724     0.6423    18.2065   22.6204    -3.4313
                                                                                                                                                         En
           CTMRY13      MORT
           CTMRY27       0.013     0.2627     0.0116     0.732     0.1625     3.4733     1.6Oe7     2.3019
           CTJUNIO      MORT
           CTJLJN24     0.6226       0.004    0.1773    -1.1401    0.5233    10.8776   14.5996    10.7045                                                En
           CTJLL23       0.007     0.0204     0.0377     7.8589    0.3898     4.6831     6.1036   10.4991
           CTALIG6      0.0268     0.0311     0.0244     1.6744    1.1279    31.2339   40.0499    30.7625
           CTSEP2       2.OB69     0.2032     0.2111    -1.7066    1.0131    23.2553   29.7278    20.5174

          ST30        time       depth    secchi s/b temp      s/b ph    s/b do s/b cond       s/b orp   s/b sal s/b turb      s/b bod   s/b ss
                                    m         m         c         pH       mg/l     mmhos/cm    volts       ppt       NTU       mg/1      mg/l
          CTRPR15        172e        2.2       0.4     25.26       7.81        6.7     52.8      0.207       34.8          30        0     0.462
                                                       25.27       7.79      6.26      52.8      0.204       34-9           9        0     0.426
          CTRPP-29       1401        1.4       0.3     24.62       7.54      6.96      56.4      0.256       37.5        7.2         0     1.524
                                                       24-63       7.54      6.53         56     0.245       37.5        3.4         0     0.098
          CTMRY13   MORT

          CTMRY27        1644        1.6       0.6     27.37        7.7          6     49.8        0.24      32.1        1.1    0.7884     0.219
                                                       27.37       7.69      5.72         50     0.232       32.8           6    0.525     0.932
          CTJLJNIO       1644           2      0.3     29.77       7.55        7.1     50.3      0. 061B        33      10.3     0.826     0.456
                                                       29.75       7.54      6. 71B    50.4        0.07      32.9       10.6     1.057        0.4
          CTJLR424       1546        1.3       0.8     32.16       7.62      4.86      51.7      0.155       34.1                1.064         0
                                                        32.2       7.61      4.67         52     0.153       34.3                2.079         0
          CTJUL23        1546        1.3       0-8     32.16       7.62      4.86      51.7      0.155       34.1                1.106         0
                                                        32.2       7.61      4.67         52     0.153       34.3                1.176         0
          CTRUG6         123e        2.1       0-7     31.94        7.6      5.02      47.5      0.144          31       6.1    0.2263         a
                                                        31.6        7.6      4.74      47.7      0.143       31.1        5.5    0.4745         0
      Ln CTSEP2          1221        0.9       0.8     31.55       7.46      4.05      43.8        0.13      28.2        5.4     1.665     0.537
                                                       31-56       7.46      4.16      43.9      0.128       28.4        8.4       0.84    0.312

            ST40           time        depth      secchi s/b temp           s/b ph       s/b do s/b cond          s/b orp     s/b sal    s/b turb      s/b bod      s/b ss
                                           m           m           c           pH         mg/l      amhos/cm       volts         ppt         NTU         mg/I         mg/l
            CTPPRI5           1717          2.8         0.5       25-21         7-84         6.28        53.4       0- 183        35.2          4.2        0.931       0.451
                                                                  25-19         7.82         6.23        53.4       0.181         35.3             10      0.812       0.151
            CTRPR29           1350          2.6         0.7       24.74         7.56         7.04        56.2       0.247         37.4          6.2      -0.042        0.146
                                                                  24-44         7-57         6.64        56.2       0.242         37.3          2.1      -0.063          0.35
            CTMAY13           1641          2.2         0.6       28.25    ED MAL            5.45        55.9    ED MAL           37-1             7       5.131B      2.176
                                                                  28-37    ED MAL            5.29            56  ED MAL           37.2         10.4        5.068       2.276
            CTMAY27          16.35          3.6         0.6       27. 41B       7-75         6.75            so     0.244         32. IB           6       0.1319      0.625
                                                                  27-31         7.73         6.19        50.6       0.239         33.2             8     0.6862        0.527
            CTJUNIO           1654          1.4         0.5       29.57         7.55         6.75        50.4       0.062         33.1         10.2        0.735       0.551
                                                                  29.S5         7-54         6.41        50.4       0.066         33.1         10.6        0.651       1.212
            CTJUN24           1536            3         0.7       31.94         7.66         4.96        52.6       0.156         34.7             2       1.134       0.649
                                                                  31.87         7.64         4.66        52.7       0.154         34.8             2       0.798       1.006
            CTJUL23           1536            3         0.7       31.94         7.66         4.%         52.6       0.156         34.7          6.2        1.561             0
                                                                  31.67         7.64         4.66        52.7       0.154         34.8             10      0.959             0
            CTRUG6            1226          5.5         0-7       31.99         7.65         5.68        47.5       0. 141B       30.9         0.05      0.6351        0.824
                                                                  31.41         7.62         4.71        47.9       0.145         31.1          1.8      0.4745        0.363
      Ln    CTSEP2            1212          4.7         0.8       31-56            7.5       5.18        44.5       0.122         28.7          5.2      0.5925        0.151
                                                                  31-41         7.51           4.6       44.6       0.121         28.8          4.4           0.9      0.136

               date         po4          nh4         no2          no3        chl a        chl b       chl c        phaeo
                          ug-at/l      ug-at/l     ug-at/l      ug-at/1      mg/ma        mg/M3       mg/M3        mg/M3
            CTFPRIS        0.0137      0.0001       0.0042      0.423e
            CTAPR29        0.0233         0.013       0.004     0.4222       0.5809       15.0005     ie.9i93     -a. ge35
            CTMRY13        0.0112      0.0352       0.0032      0.7351       0 - 2e54     5.0207      5.5817       1.7324
            CTMRY27        0.010a      0.2926       0.0109      0.8122       0.2348       2.2562      1.8137      -0.3783
            CTJLINIO       0.0337      1.4035       0.0113      1.9534          0.44      3.7374      4.3844      11.8317
            CTJLb424       2.6415             0     0.2199      -0.1716      0.2448          1.537    2.3494       3.1665
            CTJUL23                0   0.0061B      0.0041      0.9669       0.4537       5.6043      7.5759       8.1756
            CTRIJG6        0.0117         0.003     0.0072      0.77e5       0.1974       1.2809      2.0916        2.048
            CTSEP2         0.7039      0.3297       0.1602      -1.2009      0.3777         6.564     8.4794       5.3982

            ST50          time         depth     secchi s/b temp           s/b ph      s/b do s/b cond          s/b orp      s/b sal    s/b turb      s/b bod     s/b ss;
                                          m           m           c          pH         mg/l       mmhos/cm       volts        ppt           NTU       mg/l         mg/l
            CTAPR15          1659          1.5         0-8       25-21         7.86        6.24         53.6         0-17        35-5            4         0.91      0.654
                                                                 25-19         7.06        6.63         53.13      0.169         35.6            5       0.686       0.681
            CTRPR29          1339          1.7             1     24.21B        7.62        7.21         56.1       0.218         37.4          2.2       0.084       0.212
                                                                 24.25         7.59        6.85         56.2         0.21        37.4          2.1     -0.035        0.246
            CTMRY13          1625          1.3         0.5       28.33         7.55        6.46         56.6       0.136         37.7            4     4.9368        2.252
                                                                  28.4         7.55        6.15         56.7       0.141         37.93           9     5.0094        2.448
            CTMAY27          1619          1.7         0-7       27.66          7. El      6-91         50.4       0.229         33.1            7     O.e833        0.276
                                                                 27.66         7.78        6.79         50.5       0.224         33.1            4     1.2702        0.334
            CTJUN10          1706          1.5         0.3        29.9         7.57        6.74         50.7       0.076         33.2           24       0.728          0.57
                                                                  29.2         7.56        6.33            50      0.077         33.2           33       0.812       0.569
            CTJUN24          1525          1.4         0.7       31. 91B       7.77        6.35         53.3       0.149         35.2          1.9       1.323       0.998
                                                                 32-01         7.77        6.16         53.4       0.147         35.2            5       1.225          0.75
            CTJUL23          1525          1.4         0.7       31.98         7.77        6.35         53.3       0.149         35.2          6.6       1.561              0
                                                                 32.01         7.77        6.16         53.4       0.147         35.2           10         2.45             0
            CTRUG6             944         1.8         0.5        31.2         7.51        5.45         47.8       0.051         30.9         10.2     0.4161        0.394
                                                                 31.24         7.54        5.26         47.8       0.052         30.9         20.1     0.4015        0.425
            CTSEP2             IB41        1.7         0.8       30.14           7.6       5.613        46.5       0.098         30-2          6.2     1.1461        0.224
                                                                 30.19         7.59        5.43         46.5       0-099         30.2          5.6     1.2629        0.177

               date         po4         nh4         no2          no3        chl a       chl b        chl c        phaeo
                          ug-at/l     ug-at/l     ug-at/l      ug-at/l      mg/ma       mg/M3        mg/M3        mg/M3
            CTAPPIS       0.0075       0.0061      0.0021      0.3653
            CTRPR29       0.0259       0.0087      0.0029      0.4549       0.1565      18.2446      4.0279     -16.0837
            CTMAY13       0.0125         0.033     0.0017      0.5486       0.2708      2.9121       3.7623       7.5726
            CTMRY27       0.0119       0.2304      0.0078      0.5649          1.137    33.914       40.5118    44.5579
            CTJUNIO       0.0312       1.4469      0.0184      3.4664       0.2093      0.9455       1.1023     -3.1017
            CTJUN24       2.9811          0.01     0.1702      -0.5447      0.2251         3.399     4.5387       1.9129
            CTJUL23               0    0.0113      0.0041      0.4463       0.4237      5.3391       7.5631       6.4248
            CTRUG6        0.0131       0.0384        0.005     0-5305          1.755    46.7356      60.2715    66.1235
            CTSEP2        0.3121       0.5653      0.0442      -0.3586      0.3167      5.9128       7.9088       4.1986

          ST60         time       depth    secchi s/b temp      s/b ph     s/b do s/b cond       s/b orp   s/b sal   s/b turb   s/b bod    S/b ss
                                     m         m         c         pH       mg/1      mmhos/cm    volts      ppt        NTU       mg/1      mg/l
          CTRPP15         1623       1.2        0.8     25-76       7.79      6.59        49.5     0.193       32.4        3.4    1.0877      0.306
                                                        25-51       7.77      6.34        49.9       0.19      32.7          4    0.6059      0.371
          CTAPR29         1303       0.5        0.5     24-53       7.43      6.46        55.2     0.252       26.5          2    -0.0988     0.181
                                                        24.53       7.43      5.42        55.1       0.24      26.6          2    -0.418     -0-065
          CTMRY13         1445       1.5        0.8     28.74       7.47      5.41        56.3     0.222       37.4          1     4.7131     2.321
                                                        28.76       7.45      5.18        56.4       0.22      37.4          4     4.718      2.379
          CTMRY27         1555       2.1        0.7     27.71       7.75      6.92        48.9     0.241       31.9          4    0.5402      0.233
                                                        27.57       7.72      6.58           49    0.237          32         6    0.5402      0.245
          CTJUNIO         1609       1.3        0.5     29.96       7.56         7.2      47.7     O.OS7       31.1          8    0. 9052     0.371
                                                        29.96       7.55      6.96        47.7     0.059       31.1          16   1.1315      0.234
          CTJUN24         1437       1.2           1    32.33       7.62      5.24        49.8     0.145       32.6        8.6     0.861      0.769
                                                        32.22       7.61      4.94        49.8     0.143       32.6        6.6     0.994      0.539
          CTJUL23         1437       1-2           1    32-33       7.62      5.24        49.8     0.145       32.6        1.6     0.987      0.147
                                                        32.22       7.61      4.94        49.8     0.143       32.6        7.1     0.651      0.501
          CTRUG6          1157       1.9        0.9     32.26       7.54      4.74        43.7     0.144       28.1        6.6       0.12     0.103
                                                        31-87       7.53      4.38        44.4     0.144       28. IB      7.1    0.2625      0.157
          CTSEP2          1115       1.2        1-1     31.55       7.47      5.38        40.2     0.165       25.7        9.2    0.5472      0.078
      Ln                                                31.59       7.47      4.79        40.3     0.161       25.7       10.2    0.4636      0.297

             date       po4        nh4       no2        no3      chl a      chl b      chl c      phaeo
                       ug-at/l   ug-at/l    ug-at/l   ug-at/l    mg/m3      mg/ma      mg/ma      mg/m3
          CTRPR15      0.0112     0.0427      0.009    0.9842
          CTAPR29      0.0466      0.039    0.0086     1.0033    0.5002    13.4545     17.779    -9.1591
          CTMRY13        0.015    0.0925    0.0017     0.7487    0.2461     1.2661     1.5128    -5.3258
          CTMAY27        0.013    0.2465    0.0102     1.1333    0.5229    13.6622     16.1129   14.1952
          CTJUN10      0.0137     1.2451    0.0216     1.0372      0.328    3.1824       3.264   -1.3768
          CTJUM24      0.3585      0.004    0.2199    -0.5653      0.298    5.0016     6.6192     2.7342
          CTJUL23             0   0.0068    0.0078     2.0578    0.3227     4.1625       5.419    4.7876
          CTRUG6       0.0206     0.0423    0.0208     1.5546    0.3099     5.3318     6.8929     4.7551
          CTSEP2       0. 48W      1.358    0.2321    -1.4701    0.5469    15.2e85     19.6229    5.4954

          ST70         time       depth     secchi s/b temp       s/b ph     s/b do s/b cond        s/b orp    s/b sal   s/b turb    s/b bod    s/b ss
                                                 m         c          pH      mg/l      mmhos/cm     volts        ppt       NTU        mg/l      MgA
          CTRPR15         1604        2.8        0.4      25.47       7.79        7.3       51.3      0.147        33.7        5.2      0.949      0.639
                                                          25.35       7.78        6.7       51.4      0.148        33.8          a      0.438      0.225
          CTAPP29         1443        3.3        0.4      24. 84      7.46       7.13       55.6      0.242        26.8        3.1    -0.1216      0.189
                                                          24.54       7.46        6.4       55.7      0.232        37.1        2.1     -0.165      0.135
          CTMRY13         1545        1.8        0.5      27.82       7.51B          6      54.5      0.237        36.3          6      5.061      0.571
                                                          2e.44       7.48       5.42           56    0.233        37.3          7      5.117      0.434
          CTMAY27         1545        3.2        0.6      27.16       7.72       6.07       49.2      0.233        32.1          4     0.3285      0.272
                                                          27.12        7.7       5.96       49.3        0.23       32.3          6     0.5256      O.lB7
          CTJUN10         1548            2      0.6        29.4      7.51       6.16       48.2      0.067        31.4          4     0.7884        0.19
                                                          29.39        7.5       5.83       48.2        0.07       31.4          4     0.9198      0.166
          CTJUM24         1453        3.1            1    32.03       7.62       4.93       50.5      0.143        33.1        8.2      1.239      0.521
                                                          32.04       7.61        4.7       50.18     0.141        33.4        7.2      0.945      0.616
          CTJUL23         1453        3-1            1    32.03       7.62       4.93       50.5      0.143        33.1        6.2      1.008      0.054
                                                          32.04       7.61        4.7       50.8      0.141        33.4        9.2        1.26     0.337
          CTAUG6          1211        3-5            1    31.98        7.6       5.45       45.2      0.143        29.3        7.6     1.0575      0.394
                                                          31.64       7.57       4.73       46.1      0.143        29.8        0.3     0.7154      1. ISIB
          CTSEP2          1150        2-8        1.2        31.3      7.47       4.92       41.2      0.078        26.4        6.2     0.5244      0.393
                                                          31.27       7.46       4.44       41.3      0.081        26.4        3.8     0.3268        0.09

             date       po4         nh4        no2        no3       chl a     chl b       chl c      phaeo
                       ug-at/l    ug-at/I    ug-at/l    ug-at/l     mg/m3     mg/m3       mg/m3      mg/m3
          CTRPR15      0.0012     0.0102      0.0032    0.4889
          CTAPR29      0.0181     0.0087        0.008   1.3702      0.4337    8.3461    11.4915     -2.8315
          CTMAY13      0.0187     0.03M       0.00el    0.6687      1.0396   31.2687    39.4147     -5.5376
          CTMAY27      0.0173     0.2373      0.0068    0.3483        0.145   1.6569      1.5804     0.9834
          CTJUN10        0-025    3.0108      0.0281    2.2le3      0.1984    1.1613      1.1682     0.9078
          CTJUN24      0.4906        0.008    0.1773    0.5216      0.1781    1.0389        1.592    3.0314
          CTJUL23             0   0.0045        0.003   0.6667      0.1938   -0.1538      0.3331     4.2202
          CTAUG6       0.0145     0-0157      0.0053      0.708     0.6589   15.6186    19.4768     11.6015
          CTSEP2       0.4681     0.9623      0.1123    1.5212      0.5201   14.4972    16.5813      4.4255

          STIBO          time         depth      secchi s/b temp          s/b ph       s/b do s/b cond          s/b orp      s/b sal    s/b turb       s/b bod     s/b ss
                                         m            m           c           pH         mg/l      mmhos/cm      volts          ppt          NTU        mg/l        ag/l
          CTAPP15           1544          1.9          0.6       25.38         7.81        7.59        52.2        0.156         34.3           6.4       0.594       0.492
                                                                 24.84          7.8        6.76        52.8        0.157         34.4           3.4     0.8103        0.375
          CTAPP29           1221B         2.7          0.5       24.135        7.46        7-71        55.8        0.218         37.1             3       0.203       0.233
                                                                 24.29         7.47        6-76        56.3        0.209         37.4           2.1     -0.028        0.287
          CTMAY13           1600          0.9          0.5       21B. 79       7.58        6.54        56.6        0.224         37-6           9.4     5.1876        0.311
                                                                 28.83          7.6          6.3       56.6        0.216         37.5             6       5.214       0.401
          CTMRY27           1530          2.5          0.13      27.58         7.79        7.03        49.8        0.236         32-6           8.4         0.84      -0.118
                                                                 27.37         7.79        6.54        50.3        0.215         32.9             e       0.623       0.181
          CTJUN10           1530             2         1.2       29.19         7.44        6.97           49       0.052         32.1             10      1.095       0.214
                                                                 29.16         7.54        6.68           49       0.056         32.1             8     1.1534           0.2
          CTJUN24           1504          1.9          0.7            32        7.7        5.78           52       0.145         34.3           6.6       1.022          0.6
                                                                 31.84         7.69        5.51B       52.3        0.143         34.3           3.2       1.547       0.606
          CTJUL23           1504          1.9          0.7            32        7.7        5.79           52       0.145         34.3           7.8       1.309       0.417
                                                                 31.84         7.69        5.58        52.3        0.143         34.3           9.2       1.547       0.589
          CTRUG6            1007          3.2          0.5       30.97         7.66        5.95        46.1        0.099         29.e             6     0.9e55        0.371
                                                                 30.95         7.66          5.8       46.1           0.1        29-9          20.2     1.1534           0.4
     Ln CTSEP2                910         3.1          1.3       30.24         7.58        5.58        44.2        0.075         21B. 6         6.2     0.5476        0.094
                                                                 30.08         7.55        4.69        44.4        0.0131        28.7             15    1.0804        0.278

              date         po4         nh4          no2          no3        chl a        chl b       chl c       phaeo
                         ug-at/l     ug-at/l      ug-at/l      ug-at/l      mg/m3        mg/m3       mg/m3       mg/M3
          CTRPR15                0    0.0203      0.0016       0.5434
          CTAPR29        0.0181              0       0.0013      1.677      0. 1383      16.452     16.1568      2.7504
          CTMRY13        0.0087       0.0264      0.0069       0.89362        0.417        9.233    11.0079      5.6511
          CTMAY27        0.0076       0.2097      0. OC151B    0.9076       O.Oe94         1.129     1.1372      0.2756
          CTJUNIO        0.0375       1.0759      0.0254       0.7721       0.2056       2.5565      2.8354      -4.6222
          CTJUN24        0.1509              0    0.0709       0.4155       0.2799       3.7164      4.9991      3.4799
          CTJLL23                0    0.0091      0.0037       1.0393         0.287      3.5721B     4.9281      5.6738
          CTRUG6         0.0074       0.0168         0.004     0.5794       1.1259      26.4238     34.6038      8.7214
          CTSEP2         0.1897       0.8291      -0.0764      0.9765       0. 473B     11.42193    14.6624      24.435

            ST90           time        depth      secchi s/b temp,         s/b ph       s/b do s/b cond         s/b orp     s/b sal    s/b turb      s/b bod      s/b ss
                                           m           m          c           pH         mg/l      mmhos/cm       volts        ppt         NTU         mg/l        mg/l
            CTFPRI5          1459          1.4         0.7       26.01         7.73           6.7       42.7       0.205         27.5          4.3     0.6525        o.2S7
                                                                 25.44         7.69         5.93           46      0.198         29-9          3.3      0.465        0.528
            CTRPR29          1044          0.5         0.5         24.5        7.41         6.44           38      0.245         24.1             2     0.078        0.142
                                                                 24.4e         7.35         5.64        38.6       0.236         24.4          5.1    -0.0624        0.165
            CTMRY13          13S5          1.7         0.7       29.04         7.38         5.01        54.1       0.197         35.8          8.8        4.69       0.229
                                                                 21B. 96       7.36         4. e2       54.3       0.195         35.9             3     4.543        0.629
            CTMAY27          1445          2.5         0.8         28.1        7.64         6.24        42.6       0.226         27.4          6.6     0.5624        0.123
                                                                 27.37         7.63         5.69        46.5       0.222            30            3    0.3212        0.339
            CTJUNID          1422          2.5         0.6       29.52         7.35         6.75        39.7       0.045         25.3            10     0.702        0.232
                                                                 28.95         7.44         5.64        45.4       0.051         29.3          9.4      0.855        0.0%
            CTJUM24          1416          1.4         0.9       32-69         7.55         5.79        34.5       0.134         21.6          4.6         1.62        0.51
                                                                 32.04         7.52         4.47        41.6       0.134         26.6            10     0.9138       0.732
            CTJUL23          1416          1.4         0.9       32.69         7.55         5.79        34.5       0.134         21.6          2.5     1.1907        0.038
                                                                 32.04         7.52         4.47        41.6       0.134         26.6          1.1     0.3724        0.194
            CTRUG6           1132          2.6         0.9       31.67         7.42         5.24           28      0.139         17.2          5.6      0.323        0.215
                                                                 31.75         7.49         4.21        40.6       0.138         25.9          9.8     0.2736        0.375
      Ln    CTSEP2           10-36         2.5         1.4       30.46         7.41         5.15        28.3       0.163         17.3          4.2     0.5208       -0.006
      cc                                                         31.22         7.45         3. 85       37.B       0.161         23.9          3-8     0.4758        0.066

                date        po4         nh4         no2          no3         chl a       chl b       chl c        phaeo
                         ug-at/ 1     ug-at/l      ug-at/l     ug-at/l       mg/M3       mq/m3       mglm3        mg/m3
            CTAPR15        0.0062      0.0325       0.009       0.7639
            CTFPR29        0.0362      0.0738      0.0143       1.4968       1.0173     31.08B2      37.6552    -11.234
            CTMAY13          0.02        0.022     0.0127       1.4031         0.213     3.6293      4.4733       3.2983
            CTMRY27        0.0119        0.076     0.0088        1.543       0.1059      1.2513      1.1264       0.6809
            CTJUM10        0.0387      1.1041      0.0259       0.5534       0.2323      4.4809      5.0332       5.2804
            CTJUN24        1.6792              0    0.227       0.0579       0. 2782     4.7136      5.6371B      1.6265
            CTJLIL23              0    0.0159      0.0119       2.7404       0-95a2     24.9447      30.9436    12.0121
            CTRUG6         0.0141      0.0346      0.0216       1.8797       2.0359     62.5773      77.332       3.7339
            CTSEP2         0.3511      0.5518       0.122      -0.6752       0.7567     22.5982     2e. 6511    35.8419

           STIDO         time       depth     secchi s/b temp       s/b ph      s/b do s/b cond       s/b orp     s/b sal   s/b turb    s/b bod     s/b ss
                                       m          m         c          PH        mg/l      mmhos/cm    volts        ppt        NTU       Mg/l        Mg/l
           CTRPR15          1513        1.6        0.5     25.23        7.76       6.55        49.3      0.182       32-2         3.3           0     0.617
                                                           25.24        7.75       6.29        49.5       0. IS      32.3         3.2           0     1. 011B
           CTRPR29          1155        1.6           1    24.49        7.29          6.3      52.1      0.104       34.3         2.2       0.049     0.096
                                                           24.48        7.34       4.73        52.1      0.104       34.3         2.2    -0.168       0.115
           CTMRY13          1409           3       0. IB   28.84        7.46       5.52           56     0.217       36.5            2          0     0.279
                                                           28. 82       7.45          5.2         56       0-21      36.5            2          0     0.292
           CTMRY27          1456        3.4        0.9      27.3        7.69       6.19           48     0.232       31.3            8   0.5256       0.122
                                                           27.25        7.68       5.85        48.2      0.229       31.4            1   0.5621       0.118
           CTJUNIO          1441           2       0.5     29.25        7.34       6.51        46.1      0.041       29-9           10   0.9344         0.14
                                                           29.24        7.47       5.88        46.1      0.047       29.9         10.6   0.9636       0.192
           CTJUN24          1427        3.3        0.9     32.18        7.59       4.73        47.2      0.135       30.7                11.826       0.421
                                                            32.1        7.57       4.55        47.7      0.133       31.1                0.4161         0.65
           CTJUL23          1427        3.3        0.9     32-18        7.59       4.73        47.2      0.135       30.7         5.e    1.1753       0.815
                                                            32.1        7.57       4.55        47.7      0.133       31.1         5.4    0.6789       0.047
           CTRUG6           1144        2.4           1    31.87        7.57       5.16        43.1      0.138       27.7         7.6        0.24     0.482
                                                           31-77        7.56       4.74        43.4      0.137       27.8         8.2        0.75     0.448
           CTSEP2           1046        3.1        1.3     31.08        7.44       4.61        36.4      0.149       23.1         2.8    0.805e       0.053
                                                           31-18        7.45       4.25        37.6      0.147       23.9            3   0.2808       0. 031B
      Ln

           ST1 10         time        depth      secchi s/b temp         s/b ph      s/b do s/b cond          s/b orp     s/b sal    s/b turb     s/b bod     s/b ss
                                          m           m          c          pH        mg/l       mmhos/cm      volts         ppt         NTU        mg/l        mg/l
           CTRPR15           1524         2.5         0.5       25-02        7.79          6.5        41.7       0.183            34           7    0.7373       0.309
                                                                25.85        7.79        6.45         51.8       0.191         34.1         3.4     0.4964         0.45
           CTRPR29           1203         1.6         0.7       24.37        7.39        7.03         55.8       0.109         37.1            8     0.399       0.278
                                                                24.34        7.45        6.42         55.9       0. im         37.1           10    -0.098       0.511
           CTMAY13           14.2         2. e        0.8       29.02        7.57        6.33         56.5       0.201         37.6         9.6     5.0292       0.147
                                                                28.85          7.6       6.22         56.7       0.197         37.7         8.2     5.1612         0.28
           CTMAY27           1505             3       1.2       27.55        7.78          6-8        49.9       0.226         32.7         5.6      0.693       0.276
                                                                27.17        7.78        6.56         50.1       0.223         32.6         6.4      0.567       0.215
           CTJUN10           1500         2.3             1     29.53        7.55        6.84         419.4      0.036         31.6            1     1.606       0-107
                                                                    29       7.58        6.68         49.1         0.04        32-1            1    1.2191       0.114
           CTJUM24           1313         2.5             1     32.02        7.45        5.44         51.3       0.121         33.7            6     1.239       0.624
                                                                31.64        7.58        5.73         51.7       0.117         33.9         6.6      1.463       0.483
           CTJUL23           1313         2.5             1     32.02        7.45        5.44         51.3       0.121         33.7         3.1      1.225       0.027
                                                                31.64        7.58        5.73         51.7       0.117         33.9           10     1.162       1.295
           CTRUG6            1030         2.8         0.9       31-27        7.59        5.56         45.6       0.122         29-5         5.6     0.5767       0.381
                                                                31.21        7-62        5.67         45.9         0.12        29-7         10.8    0.8541       1.549
      a) CTSEP2                931        2.6         1.7       30.08        7.56        4.93         42.2       0.115         27.1         2.5     0.6308       0.187
      C)                                                        30.08        7.56        4.58         42.7       0.114         27.4         3.8        0.57        0.07

               date        po4         rkh4         no2         no3       chl a       chl b        chl c       phaeo
                         ug-at/l     ug-at/l      ug-at/l     ug-at/l     mg/m3       mg/m3        mg/m3       mg/M3
           CTRPR15               0    0-0061      0.0027      0.5018
           CTRPR29        0.0129      o-oloe      0.0074      1.8687      1.4076     40.9772      49.6264      24.9267
           CTMRY13        0.0112        0.033     0.0072      0.4835      0.2338      5.1739       6.5263      5.8024
           CTMAY27        0.0097      0.0737      0.0014      0.3131        0.072     0.9664       0.9268      3.0152
           CTJUN10        0.0362      1.0716      0.0113        0.772     0.6502     19.0958       23.791      5.3409
           CTJUN24        0.0377        0.004     0.1631      -1.031      0.1256      0. W.201     1.2903      1.0915
           CTJUL23               0    0-0023      0.0041          0.38    0.0942     -0.2473       0.5106      2.3992
           CTRUG6         0.0095      0-0266      0.0051      0.5338      0.6063      13.588       18.0094     1.0807
           CTSEP2         0.1879      0-1938      -0.0734     0.5881      0.3546      8.1027       10.4854     4.6471

            ST120          time        depth      secchi s/b temp          s/b ph      s/b do s/b cond          s/b orp      s/b sal    s/b turb      s/b bod     s/b ss
                                          0            m           c         PH          mg/1      mmhos/cm       volts         ppt         NTU         mg/l       mg/1
            CTFPR15          1339          1.7          0. IB      25.8        7.21        7.07           52       0.093         34.2          3.2      0.9541       0.363
                                                                  25.12        7.43        6.89           52       O.Oe7         34.3          3.1      0.6?a9       0.348
            CTFPR29            904         1.1          0.5       23.49          6.9       6.42         55.2       0.154         36.7          10-1     -0.133       0.202
                                                                   23.8        7.22        6-32         55.4       0. 1*39       36.7          7.3      -0-028       0.229
            CTMRY13          1300          2.7              1     28.78        6.92        6-44         56.5       0.191         37.5          6.2      5.1216       0.167
                                                                  28.69        7.31        6.26         56.6       0.184         37.6          10.3      5.115       1.799
            CTMRY27          1330          2.1              1     27.25        7.64        6.69         49.8         0.19        32.6          8.2       1.197       0.085
                                                                  27.21        7.67        6.66           so       0.196         32.7          6.e         0.77      0.499
            CTJUNIO          1306          2.1          1.2       28.89        7.47        6.58         4e.9       0.131         31.9          9.6      1.3724       0.488
                                                                  2E3.67       7.51        6.44           49       0.129            32         7.4      1.1607       0.178
            CTJLIK24         1327          3.2          1.3       31.71B       7.68            6        51.6       0.122            34         4.6       1.309       0.586
                                                                  31.18        7.66        5.49         51.6       0.12-2           33         7.2       1.372       0.364
            CTJUL23          1327          3.2          1.3       31.78        7.68            6        51.6       0.122            34         7.6       1.281       0.086
                                                                  31.IG        7.66        5.49         51.6       0.122            33         6.4       1.302       0.831
            CTF&G6           1041          2.8              1      31.2        7.62        5.51           46       0.125         29.8          8.6      0.8906       0.454
                                                                  '31.24         7.6       5.23           46       0.125         29.8          7.4      0.5621       0.143
      ON    CTSEP2             941         2.6          1.4       30.06        7.57        5.65         42.8       0.117         27.5          2.5         0.84      0.117
      1-4                                                         30.14        7.56        5.04         43.2       0-117         27.8          2.8      0.9775       0.305

               date         po4         nh,4         no2          no3       chl a        chl b       chl c        phaeo
                          ug-at/1     ug-at./l     ug-at/1      ug-at/I     mg/m3        mig/m3      mg/m3        mg/m3
            CTRPR15               0    0.0041      0.0016        0.2681
            CTRPR29        0.0155      0.0022      0.0023        i.e627     O.le71       5.4622      7.7123     -6.7923
            CTMRY13        0.0075      0.0374      0.0075        1.0051     0.1106       5.6703      5.7869     -4.9097
            CTMRY27        0.0043        0.053        0.002      0.4365     0.1174       1.6746      1.8981     -0.4485
            CTJLINIO       0.0162        1.026     0.0162        0.0662     0.2706       6.6737      7.8725       7.1641
            CTJLh424       0.0377      0.0399      0.0993        0.2517     0.0927       0.5848      0.8651       1.6913
            CTJLL23               0    0.0023      0.0022        1.2749     0. 21BEI     1.9153      2.8714        2.972
            CTRLIG6        0. M69      0.0526      0.0036        0.4781     0.7093      15.4668      19.7055    10.8125
            CTSEP2         0.1809      1.2692      -0.0749       0.7524     0.3461         8.032     10.2336      2.7234

            ST130          time        depth      secchi s/b temp          s/b ph      s/b do s/b cond          s/b orp     s/b sal    s/b turb      s/b bod      s/b ss
                                          m                       c          pH          Mg/l      mmhos/cm      volts         ppt         NTU         Mg/l        mg/1
            CTAPP15           1428         1.5         0.9       25.02         7.74        6.27         48.6       0.207        31.9          2.4      1.4eig       0.289
                                                                 25-25         7.71        5.97         48.7       0-196        31.8          2.5         0.73      0.322
            CTRPR29           1013         0.7         0.7       24.17         7.45        5.96         52.7       0.262        34-IB             7    -1.00e       0.118
                                                                 24.18         7.44        5.56         52.7       0.253                      4.4       0.035       0.142
            CTMRY13           1340         1.6         O-IB      28.78         7.43        5.15             56     0.177        37.2          9.8       4.557       0.122
                                                                 28-79         7.42        4.91            56      0.175        37.2              4     4.585       0.297
            CTMRY27           1420         1.4         0.9       27.34         7.69        6.06         49.3       0.229        32.2          9.2      0.6424       0.556
                                                                 27.35         7.68        5.94         49.3       0.225        32.2          9.2      0.4964       0.298
            CTJUN10           1403         1.6         0.8       29.26         7.53           5-8       47. IB     0.042        31.2          6.4      0.5548       0.108
                                                                 29.28         7.52        5.79         47.7       0.046        31.1          7.2      0.6205       0.365
            CTJUN24           1402         1.7         1.3       32-17         7.63        5.16         49.3       0.133        32.2              2    1.2702       0.315
                                                                 32.17         7.63        5.24         49.3       0.132        32.2          3.4      1.1753       0.415
            CTJUL23           1402         1.7         1.3       32.17         7.63        5.16         49.3       0.133        32.2          5.2      1.4746       0.479
                                                                 32.17         7.63        5.24         49.3       0.132        32.2          4.8      1.0366       0.548
            CTRUG6            1120         1.5         0.9       31.82         7.58        4.99         43.2       0.136        27.7          6.4      0.6278           0.5
                                                                 31.84         7.57        4.77         43.2       0.134        27.8          9.2      0.5475       0.443
            CTSEP2            1021         1.6         1.2       31.05         7.48           4.4       39.4       0.156        25.1          3.2       0.462       0.205
                                                                 31.03         7.48        4.31         39.6       0.152        25.2          3.6      0.5852       -0.057

                date        po4         nh4         nck2         no3        chl a        chl. b      chl c       phaeo
                           ug-at/l    ug-at/l      ug-at/l     ug-at/l      mg/m3        mg/m3       mg/M3       mg/m3
            CTRPR15        0.0062      0.0325       0. M9       0.5672
            CTRPP-29         0.031     0.0108      0. OM7       1.2057      0.2436       6.7672      9.3645      8.9969
            CTMRY13        0.0062      0.0352      0.0119       1.3674      0.2992       7.6683      9.1766      7.1187
            CTMRY27        0.0065      0.0369      0.0044       1.2316      0.2511       6.2005      7.1501      5.4738
            CTJUN10           0.01     1.2191      0.0119       0.1539      0.2009       4.4177      5.1496      3.3816
            CTJUN24        0.1321      0.0219      0.2057       0.5191      0.1153       0.7114      0.9833      0.7295
            CTJUL23                0   0.0045        0.016      0.5817      0.1927         1.299     2.0713      1.9021
            CTRUG6           0.015     0.0333      0.0209       0.5874      0.7253       16.6322     21.8246     7.4569
            CTSEP2         0.4468      1.1252      0.1557      -0.8556      0.3743       10.5196     13.0958     6.5113

            ST 140        time        depth      secchi s/b temp          s/b ph      s/b do s/b cond         s/b orp      s/b sal    s/b turb     s/b bod      s/b ss
                                          m           m          c            pH        mg/l      Omhos/cm      volts        ppt          NTU        mg/l        mg/l
            CTFPR15          1411             4        0-5      25-01         7.68         6.67        49.9      0.169         32.7          3.3            0      0.504
                                                                 25.1         7.68         6.28        49.9      0.165         32.7             a           0      0.206
            CTAPP29            939        2.4          0.5      23.96          7-4         6.29        53.4      0.256         35.3          4.4       0.049       0.121
                                                                23.96         7.39         5.88        53.5      0.246         35.4          4.1     -0.322        0.277
            CTMAY13          1330         4.8             1     20.66         7.45         5.77        56.3      0.169         37-4          9.6            0      0.156
                                                                28-63         7.46         5.51        56.1      0.166         37.5          (3. e          0      0.184
            CTMRY27          1412         4.5          1.2       27.1         7.71         6.25        49.3         0.22       32-3          6.2     0.9198        0.311
                                                                 27.1         7.71         6.22        49.3      0.215         32.3          6.2     0.7008        0.202
            CTJLIN10         1347             3        0.9      28.92         7.51         6.14        48.1        0.05        31.3          6.4     0.8395        0.121
                                                                28-87         7.51         5.84        48.1      0.054         31.4          6.4     0.9782        0.115
            CTJLIN24         1354         4.6          1.1      31.98         7.63           5.1       49.9      0.137         32.7          3.13      0.875             0
                                                                31.71          7.6         4.56        50.2      0.136         32.8          4.2       0.917             0
            CTJUL23          1354         4-6          1-1      31.98         7.63           5-1       49.9      0.137         32.7          4.4       1.099       0.659
                                                                31.71          7.6         4.56        50.2      0.136         32.8          4.4       1.043       0. E132
            CTAUG6           1112         4.3          1-5      31.45          7.6         5.21        44.1      0.138         28.5          8.2     -0.2263       0.708
                                                                 31.5         7.59         5.04        44.3      0.136         28.6            10    0.9563        0.798
            CTSEP2           1010         4.2          1.4      30.93         7.51         5.23        40.4         0.16       25.9          2.9     0.3648       -0.242
                                                                     31       7.52         4.66           41     0.158         26.2          5.2       0.646       0.075

            ST150           time         depth     secchi s/b temp          s/b ph       s/b do s/b cond           s/b orp     s/b sal     s/b turb      s/b bod     s/b ss
                                            0           m           c          pH          mg/1       mmhos/cm       volts        ppt          NTU        mg/l         mg/l
            CTRPR15            1352          2.2         0.8       25.34         7-63        7.05          50.1       0.135         32.8          4.3       0.657       0.224
                                                                   24.65         7.66           6-7        51.1         0.13        33.7          4.2     0.9125        0.345
            CTAPR29            1919          2.4         0.7         23.9        7.35           6.1        54.1       0.159         35.9          7.4     -0.112        0.146
                                                                   23.93         7.36        5.131         54.3       0.153         35.9          5.3     -0.217        0.125
            CTMAY13            1315          3.4         0.8       29.15         7.46        6.27          56.3       0.171         37.4          6.2       5.222       0.142
                                                                   28.69         7.47        5.97          56.7       0.167         37.7          5.4     4.9896        O.Ie5
            CTMAY27            1355             3            1     27.44         7.69        6.79          48.6       0.211         31.8             6      0.803       0.257
                                                                   27-25         7.72        6.58          49.6       0.207         32.5          8.6         0.63      0.289
            CTJUN10            1326          1.9             1       29.4        7.55        6.86          47.9       0.062         31.2          8.2     0.4964        0.232
                                                                   28.92         7.56        6.66          48.4       0.063         31.5          7.2     1.7447        0.081
            CTJUN24            1340          3.4         1.1       31.88         7.67        5.82          51.4       0.129         33.8          4.6       1.253       0.401
                                                                   31.53         7.66        5.55          51.9       0.129         34.1          1.2         1.54      0.469
            CTJUL23            1340          3.4         1.1       31.88         7.67        5.82          51.4       0.129         33.8          1.5       1.246       0.105
                                                                   31.53         7.66        5.55          51-9       0.129         34-1             4      1.309       0.114
            CTAUG6             1054          2.8         0.9       30.98         7.47        3.93          42.9       0.131         27.5          19.2    0.2482        0.407
                                                                   31.17         7.62        5.55          45.2       0.125         29.2          9.4     0. 91B55      0.798
            CTSEP2               955         2.1         1.8       30.46         7.55        5.23          41.7       0.138         26.8          2.6     1.3148        0.171
                                                                   30-43         7.54        4-73          42-2       0.137            27         2. IB     0.555       0.112

                date         po4          nh4         no2          no3        chl a        chl b       chl c         phaeo
                           ug-at/l      ug-at/l     ug-at/l      ug-at/l      mg/m3        mg/m3       mg/m3         mg/M3
            CTRPR15                 0    0.0061     0.0027       0.7064
            CTAPR29           0.031      0.0174        0.012       2.395      0.5433     17.9816      24.6341       23-1381
            CTMAY13         0.0037       0.0374     0.0055       0.5298       0.3801     10.0731      12.4443        5.5527
            CTMRY27         0.0043       0.0207        0.002     0.6167       0.8816       27.763     34.3376       18.1668
            CTJUN10         0.0087       1.0846     0.0162       0.1404         0.255      4.7672      5.4077        0. IB397
            CTJUN24         0.1132         0.004    7.4184     -69.2686       0.0776         0.62      0.8815        1.0753
            CTJLL23                 0    0.0066     0.0119       0.7781        0. 301B     2.7736      4.1025        3.8149
            CTAUG6          0.0044       0.0026     0.0096       0.3244       0.51382    12.9101      16.6166        7.5218
            CTSEP2          0.2801         0.175    -0.0569      0.5626       0.3574       8.9032     11.2089        2.5667

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