Wetlands acquisition and preservation a guide for landowners and government officials

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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WETLANDS MAR A 1987

ACQUISITION & PRESERVATION

A Guide for Landowners and Government Agencies

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1986 shington State Department of Ecology

Wetlands Acquistion and Preservation

A Guide for Landowners and Government Officials

State of Washington Department of Ecology

Booth Gardner, Governor Andrea Beatty Riniker, Director

December, 1986
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413
Prepared by

Shorelands & Coastal Zone Management Program

Wetlands Section

Property of CSC Library

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface 2

Introduction 3

conservation options 4

Protection by Restriction S

Transfer of Title 8

Restrictions before Transfer 12

conservation and Development . . . . . . . . . . 14

Laws Relating to Wetlands Acquisition

Federal Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

State and Local Laws 19

Washington State Organizations Involved
in Wetlands Acquisition and Preservation . . . . 22

Hood Canal Land Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

The Nature Conservancy 24

The San Juan Preservation Trust . . . . . . . . 2S

The Trust for Public Land . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Washington Parks Foundation . . . . . . . . . . 27

Washington State Interagency Committee for
Outdoor Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Washington Wildlife Heritage Foundation . . . . 29

Whatcom County Land Trust . . . . . . . . . . . 30

The Whidbey-Camano Land Trust , . . . . . . 31

Yakima River Greenway Foundation . . . . . . . . 32

PREFACE

many organizations are involved in helping landowners

protect the natural values of their lands. Unfortunately,

landowners often don't know who they should contact for

assistance. To help alleviate this problem the Washington

Department of Ecology's Shorelands and Coastal Zone

Management Program has developed a clearinghouse for

information regarding the preservation of wetlands in

Washington. This guide for landowners and government

officials is part of that service. It outlines options

available for individuals who want to know exactly what they

can do with wetlands on their property and includes

information on the many organizations in the state that

assist landowners in protecting their land.

For more information on the Wetlands Acquisition

Clearinghouse contact the Wetlands Section, Shorelands and

CZM Program, Department of Ecology, Mail Stop PV-11,

Olympia, WA 98504; or call 206/459-6000, ext. 6774.

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, there has been an increase in the variety

of methods used to protect and conserve natural areas,

including wetlands. Numerous regulations and policies

protecting natural areas have been enacted and the acreage

preserved through acquisition and self-imposed legal

restrictions on development has increased greatly.

Many new organizations have become involved in purchasing or

accepting donations of private land and managing them in

their natural state. In some instances, lands are

transferred to government agencies that will protect them.

In addition, these organizations have sought to protect

lands by encouraging the adoption of restrictions such as

easements and covenants on the land.

While federal and state governments are undoubtedly the &

largest landholders and managers of land, a few private

groups, such as the Nature Conservancy, have become major

landholders and managers as well. Several local land trust

organizations also seek to preserve lands in their own

geographic areas.

CONSERVATION OPTIONS FOR THE LANDOWNER

Property ownership includes a variety of rights such as the

right to farm, cut timber, build structures, extract

minerals, exclude others from the property, and otherwise

develop the land, subject to local regulations. ownership

of all property rights is described as a "fee simple

estate." However, these rights can be separated and leased,

sold, or donated to other parties. Each of these rights

constitutes a less-than-fee interest in the property.

.In seeking to protect one's land, the first question a

landowner should consider is whether to continue ownership

of the land. The answer to this question determines the

choices that are available. Landowners have the following

options:

Protection by Restriction (continues to own land)
conservation Easements
Mutual Covenants
Leases

Transfer of Title (parts with land)
Donations - Outright Donation
Donation by Devise
Donation with Reserved Life Estate

Sale - Sale at Fair Market Value
Bargain Sale
Installment Sale
Sale with Reserved Life Estate

Restrictions before Transfer
Prior Granting of a Conservation Easement
Deed Restrictions
Conditional Transfers

Conservation and Development

PROTECTION BY RESTRICTION

A landowner who wants to continue owning the land can

consider: 1) granting a conservation easement to permanently

limit future development on the property; 2) entering into a

mutual covenant with othe r landowners; or 3) leasing the

land to an agency or organization.

Conservation Easements A conservation easement is A legal

means by which a landowner can permanently restrict the

future use of the land. This method is attractive to many

landowners because it allows them to retain ownership while

protecting particular attributes of the land.

Conservation easements can be tailored to protect specific

attributes of all or part of a landowner's property by

restricting particular development activities. Easement

restrictions can range from keeping the land in a wild,

natural state to allowing limited farming, timber harvesting

or residential use.

conservation easements legally bind all present and future

owners of the land and thus provide permanent protection.

They are recorded in the same manner as a deed to the land

and apply to the land whether it is sold or donated in the

future.

conservation easements are usually granted to a government

agency or private land trust interested in preserving the

natural values of the land. It is their responsibility to

ensure that present and subsequent landowners abide by the

terms of the easement. Theymonitor the property and

enforce the easement restrictions in court if necessary.

In addition to the satisfaction gained by protecting land

they deem valuable, landowners can receive economic benefits

from granting conservation easements. A conservation

easement will affect the market value of land to the extent

that it limits development and potential use. A reduction

in the market value of the land may reduce its assessed

value, and thus reduceproperty taxes and the estate tax due

upon the landowner,'s death. In addition, the landowner may

be able to claim an.y'loss in value as a charitable

contribution for income tax purposes. Any landowner

considering granting a conservation easement should seek

financial advice from an accountant or tax attorney.

Mutual Covenants - When no agency or organization can be

found to accept a conserva@tion easement, a landowner can

limit the future use of the land through the imposition of a

mutual covenant. Neighboring'landowners having a common

conservation interest may'sig nand record an agreement

containing restricti ons similarto an easement. The

agreement would then bind subsequent owners just as an

easement would. These covenants could be enforced by any of

the landowners entering into the agreement or by any future

owners of the land.

Drawbacks of mutual covenants.include the following:

1) mutual covenants may not be as lasting as easements. By

their legal nature, they would be subject to the doctrine of

changed conditions: a court could refuse to enforce the

covenants if it felt that it was no longer possible to

achieve the benefits sought when the covenants were imposed.

2) mutual covenants receive the same tax treatment as

easements in regards to property, estate, and gift taxes,

but the landowner would not be allowed to claim a loss in

market,value as a charitable deduction on income tax

returns.

Leases - A landowner interested in protecting his/her land

in a less-than-permanent agreement may opt for granting a

lease to a land management agency or organization. Rental

payments can be negotiated between the parties, but no tax

benefits accrue to the landowner unless the lease affects

the value of the land at the time of the landowner's death.

TRAINSFER OF TITLE

Somelandowners may not be interested in retaining ownership

of the property they want to protect, They.may wish to

donate or sell their landto.a.government agency or land

trust organization for any number of reasons: they may

believe that the land should be used by the public; that a

landholding agency is better able to protect the land; or

that taxes have climbed too high for them to continue to own

the land. Whatever the reasons, the landowner can proceed

in a number of ways.

DONATIONS

Outright Donation -This is usually the simplest way to

transfer title. The benefits to the landowner include an

income tax deduction equal to the appraised value of the..'

land (if given to a government agency or publicly supported

private charity) and reduction of estate taxes. In

addition, of course, the landowner will pay no further

property taxes on the land.

Donation by Devise @- A landowner may donate land at the time

of death by providing for the gift in a will. The

advantages of a donation by devise are that the landowner

retains full use of the land until death and may revoke

his/her will at -any time if circumstances change. Also,

estate taxes will be reduced if the land is donated to a

qualified recipient. - Disadvantages are that the land owner

would not benefit from income tax deductions for the gift

and would Pay real estate taxes on the land until death.

Donation with Reserved Lifg Estate A landowner can donate

land and reserve the right to use the property until death.

This is accomplished by giving the recipient a deed that

includes a provision allowing lifetime use of the land by

the landowners or other specified individuals. The donor

usually continues to pay real estate taxes on the portion of

the land retained for personal use but may be able to claim

an income tax deduction on the value of what is actually

given up.

SALE

A landowner may wish or need to sell property and want to

ensure that its natural values are protected. Two options

are availa ble: 1) selling the land to an agency or

organization that will manage it for its natural values; or

2) placing restrictions on the use of the property prior to

sale. Several alternatives can achieve either of these

options..

Sale at Fair Market Value There is nothing fancy about

this option, but there are two potential drawbacks for the

landowner. First, it may be difficult to find an agency or

organization with sufficient funds or desire to purchase

land at its fair market value. Second, the seller would

still be liable for capital gains tax on the property at the

time of sale.

Bargain Sale - Selling land at a bargain price may

circumvent the disadvantages of a fair market value sale.

The lower price may make it easier to find a willing buyer.

The lower sale price will also lower the capital gains tax.

In addition, the seller can claim an income tax deduction

for the difference between the price received and the fair

market value. This can help compensate for the lower income

from the sale.

Installment Sale - An installment sale is an agreement that

allows a purchasing agency to either pay for the land in

annual installments or buy a portion of the property each

year. This is advantageous to the seller because the income

from the sale is spread over a number of years, thus

minimizing the amount of tax that must be paid. It may also

help the purchasing agency because it has to pay only a

fraction of the total cost each year.

Sale with Reserved Life Estate - A landowner may sell

property to an agency or organization with a reserved life

estate so that the landowner and others specified in the

agreement may continue to use the land during their

lifetimes. This is handled similarly to a donation with

reserved life estate.

RESTRICTIONS BEFORE TRANSFER

If an appropriate managing agency cannot be found, a

landowner may ensure protection of property that is donated

or sold by placing restrictions on future use of the land

prior to selling it. Three options are available.

Prior Granting of a ConservAtion Easement_- The prior

granting of a conservation easement provides an excellent

way of controlling future use of the land if it is sold on

the open market. The landowner may be able to claim the

loss of fair market value resulting from the easement as a

charitable deduction for income tax purposes. However, the

landowner should expect a lower sale price for the land as a

result of the easement. In the case where a recipient of an

easement is not available a deed restriction may be useful.

Deed Restrictions - Deed restrictions are similar to

conservation easements but differ in three important ways.

First, deed restrictions may be less permanent because they

are limited by the doctrine of changed conditions (see

mutual-covenants). Second, enforcement of the restrictions

must be carried out by the landowner. Third, the landowner

cannot claim any reduction in value from the deed

restrictions as a charitable deduction.

The latter two disadvantages may be overcome by the use of

an intermediary agency. The landowner can transfer (sell or

donate) the land to an intermediary conservation agency

which then transfers it to a landholding agency which holds

title permanently. The intermediary agency inserts the

restrictions and enforces them, thus allowing the landowner

to claim the unrestricted value of the land as an income tax

deduction (if it is donated) and avoid the problems of

enforcement.

Conditional Transfers - A landowner may also control the

future use of land by using a form of deed that spells out

the restrictions on use and states that title will transfer

to a certain named party if the restrictions are violated.

This provides more force than deed restrictions because

breaking the conditions would result in a loss of title.

There may be legal qualifications which make this approach

less desirable. State laws may limit the duration of the

conditions, and courts may not enforce the conditions

through forfeiture of title if litigation becomes necessary.

The economic advantages are similar to deed restrictions;

the landowner may claim a tax deduction if the land is given

to an appropriate agency. Because the restrictions reduce

the value of the land, transferring the land to an
intermediary agency which imposes the restrictions will

maximize the income tax deduction.

CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT

In some cases it may be beneficial for a landowner to

consider using one of the conservation options discussed

previously in combination with some type of development.

This can be accomplished in a couple of ways.

A landowner might use one of the conservation techniques to

protect a portion of the property s/he most wants to

preserve and leave another portion open for development.

However, the landowner needs to consider whether

unrestrained development in the unprotected portion is

compatible with the values s/he is trying to preserve in the

protected portion. The potential for development may also

discourage a recipient agency-from cooperating in the

protection of the remainder.

Another alternative is for the landowner to protect the

entire property with one of the conservation techniques

while allowing for specific types of development in certain

locations on the property. This could, be done using a

conservation easement or deed restriction.

The conservation options discussed here can be used in a

number of variations to allow for both protection and

development. The success of the particular variation will

depend on the'characteristics of the land, the desires of

the landowner, and the availability of a cooperating agency.

16.,

LAWS RELATING TO WETLANDS ACQUISITION

FEDERAL LAWS

Many federal laws pertaint6 the acquisition-and

preservation of wetlands. Some of the laws are specific to

wetlands, while others relate to wetlands under the heading

of conservation and recreation lands or waterfowl

protection.

Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act (1934)

This Act established the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund

supported by the sale of "duck stamps" to all waterfowl

hunters and any other interested parties. The funds are

used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to purchase

migratory bird habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge

System. Since its inception this program has provided over

$300 million toward the acquisition of 3.7 million acres.

Wetlands constitute a large percentage of these areas (no

figures available).

Wetlands Loan Act (1961)

this Act authorized the expenditure of up to $200 million

for the preservation of wetlands. These funds were treated

as a loan without interest to the Migratory Bird

Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands for bird habitat.

These loans were due to be repaid with duck stamp receipts

beginning October. 1, 1986. However, with the passage of the

Emergency Wetlands Resources-Act, (.see below). this. act is

extended through 1,988.

Land and Water Conservation Fund Act (1965)

This act provides funds,appropriated by Congress for a

variety of conservation and recreation purposes. Federal

and state agencies have used this fund to purchase valuable

wetland areas, but.no figures are available on acreage or

dollar amounts.

Waterbank Progra (1970)

This program, now expired, provided funds for annual

payments to landowners in exchange for not degrading

wetlands on their property. It was used primarily in the

prairie-pothole region, and it expired in 1984.

Food Security Act (1985) commonly known as the Farm Bill

This Act contains a number of provisions relating to

conservation of wetlands and erodible land. The two that

relate to wetlands are described below.

a. Swampbuster provisions - agricultural producers will no

longer be eligible for federal subsidies for altering

wetlands to produce agricultural commodities.

b. Conservation easements in situations where farmers

cannot repay an FHA loan, they may grant a conservation

easement to the government on wetlands on their property for

periods of 50 years or more to cancel part of their debt.

Emergency Wetlands Resources Act (1986)

This Act contains many provisions concerning wetlands

acquisition. These include:

authorization of entrance fees at wildlife refuges to be

designated by the Secretary of the Interior. 70% of this

income will go to the migratory bird conservation fund.

extension of the Wetlands Loan Act through September 301

1988 and deletion of the requirement for repayment.

an increase in the price of the duck stamp from $7.50 to

$15.00 gradually over a five year period.

the transfer of an amount equal to that collected yearly

on import duties on arms and ammunition to the migratory

bird conservation fund.

the establishment of a national wetlands priority

conservation plan with authorization to purchase wetlands

consistent with the plan.

STATE AWD LOCAL LAWS

Many state and local laws regulate the use and development

of wetlands and other valuable natural areas. The primary

state laws relating to acquisition and restrictions are

described below.

Open Space Tax Act (RCW 84.34) provides incentive for the

protection of natural areas, including wetlands, through an

open space tax program. This Act requires counties to

provide a mechanism for evaluating agricultural, timber or

"open space lands" and enacting a property tax reduction in

exchange for an agreement to preserve the land in its

current condition. To qualify for the tax reduction, an

area must meet criteria established by county ordinance.

once begun, property owners can continue to receive the tax

exemption into perpetuity as long as they abide by the

original agreement.

'A landowner who decides to withdraw from the agreement is

subject to paying back taxes saved over the years as well as

future property taxes. Thus, once enrolled, individuals

have a strong incentive to continue participating and

leaving lands in their current condition.

some counties have adopted a rating system which evaluates

the public benefit of protecting a property and takes into

account such features as the degree of public access. The

amount of the resulting tax reduction is based on the public

value rating of the property as well as the reduced

development potential.

Natural Areas.Preserve Act - (RCW 79.70) allows landowners

to protect certain aspects of their property through the

dedication of land. Similar to conservation easements, this

program allows landowners to enter into an agreement with

the Department of Natural Resources to protect certain

resources on the landowner's property. The terms and length

of the protection are specified in the agreement. This Act.

also grants authority to the Department of Natural Resources

to purchase lands meeting criteria specified in the Natural

Heritage Plan.

State Duck stamp Act - (RCW 77.12.670) Similar to the

federal duck stamp program, this act authorizes the sale of

a state duck stamp to duck hunters and collectors. The

funds from this five dollar stamp go to the Department of

Game for use in wetlands enhancement and acquisition. Funds

raised through the sale of related artwork may be used by

the Department of Game to assist private non-profit

organizations involved in wetlands enhancement and

acquisition.

Acruatic Lands Enhancement-account (RCW 79.24) The Aquatic

Lands Enhancement Account (ALEA) was established in 1984 and

is funded by the lease of state-owned aquatic lands managed

by the Department of Natural Resources. This fund is used

to support a variety of projects including "the purchase,

improvement or protection of aquatic lands for public

purposes; for providing and improving access to such lands;

and for volunteer cooperative fish and game..projects...

These funds are allocated to state and local public bodies

through an open competitive process. Applications are

accepted annually and are reviewed and rated by a technical

advisory committee with the final selection made by the

Commissioner of Public Lands. A local match of at least 25%

is required.

WASHINGTON STATE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN

WETLANDS ACQUISITION and PRESERVATION

Below are some of the organizations in the state of

Washington involved in helping landowners protect the

natural value of their property. The following pages

include brief descriptions of each organization and the

names, addresses, and phone numbers of people to contact.

A. Hood Canal Land Trust

B. The Nature Conservancy

C. The San Juan Preservation Trust

D. Trust for Public Land

E. Washington Parks Foundation

F. Washington State Interagency Committee for
Outdoor Recreation

G. Washington Wildlife Heritage Foundation

H. Whatcom County Land Trust

I. The Whidbey-Camano Land Trust

J. Yakima River Greenway Foundation

A. Hood Canal Land Trust

PURPOSE: This trust helps conservation-minded communities

and citizens preserve wildlife habitat, agricultural land,

historic sites, scenic or open spaces, and wetlands along

the Hood Canal and neighboring areas.

EXPERTISE: The Trust has experience in assisting landowners

preserve their land through conservation easements, reserved

life estates, donations, and sales. A board member of the

Trust can meet with the landowner and explain the procedures

and benefits involved in any of these choices and, if the

landowner is interested, the Trust can expedite the entire

procedure.

REQUIREMENTSISTIPULATIONS: An initial meeting to assess the

land and its suitability for the Trust's goals is necessary.

CONTACT: Celia Parrott

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 861, Belfair, WA 98528

PHONE: 206/275-3925

B. The Nature Conservancy

PURPOSE: The Conservancy identifies, protects, and manages

natural areas that are significant for the preservation of

,natural diversity. They assist governmental agencies and

other land trusts in land acquisitions, own and manage the

largest private system of nature preserves in the world,

facilitate the protection of important elements on public

lands, and promote legislation beneficial for the protection

of diversity.

EXPERTISE: The Conservancy has expertise in all legal

options. They purchase, take donations, negotiate

conservation easements, and work with landowners in

voluntary Registry programs. They have also leased natural

areas and have the greatest amount of experience of any

organization in the management of natural areas. The

Conservancy is primarily interested in Natural Heritage

Program identified sites. They generally are involved only

in what they consider to be ecologically significant sites.

REOUIREMENTSZSTIPULATIONS: Site significance.

CONTACT PERSON(S): Elliot Marks, Fayette Krause, Laura Smith

ADDRESS: 1601 Second Avenue, #910, Seattle, WA 98101

PHONE: 206/728-9696

C. The San Juan Preservation Trust

PURPOSE: The Trust is dedicated to preserving scenic open

spaces, forests, agricultural lands, habitats, vital

wetlands, And shorelines in the San Juans. The Trust does

this by accepting and managing donations of conservation

easements or gifts of land.

EXPERTISE: The Trust has expertise in counselling property

owners on preservation techniques available to them, and on

tax benefits which might be available to them from donations

of land or easements.

REQUIREMENTSISTIPULATIONS: none

CONTACT: Bob Myhr

ADDRESS: Route 1, Box 2114, Lopez, WA 98261

PHONE: 206/468-2258

D. The Trust for Public Land

PURPOSE: The Trust for Public Land (TPL)@ i.s. a national non.-

profit land conservation organization which works with

community groups and local,state, and federal agencies to

acquire lands- for parks and resource protection. TPL serves

as an intermediary landowner and facilitator in the transfer

or land from private to public ownership.

EXPERTISE: TPL has expertise in assisting landowners

complete private market transactions which protect their

land and provide maximum tax benefits, Since its founding

in 1973, TPL has transferred 316,000 acres of recreational,'

rural, wilderness and urban open space, ei.ther in fee or as

conservation easements, to public agencies, or other non,-

profit organizations such as land trusts. TPL's Land Trust

Program works with community groups to protect land and

water resources in their communities. TPL has assisted 8

land trusts in Washington and over 80 nationally.

REOUIREMENTSZSTIPULATIONS: None

CONTACT PERSONS: Craig Lee or Donna McBain

ADDRESS: 625 Commerce Street, Suite 330D, Tacoma, WA 984Q@

PHONE: 206/ 627-7774

E. Washington Parks Foundation

PURPOSE: The Washington Parks Foundation provides a

resour ce for Park and Recreation contributions and serves as

a conduit to cities, counties, and state agencies for land,

facilities, equipment, and money.

EXPERTISE: The Foundation has expertise in providing

personal consultation and referrals regarding donations,

third party agreements, and governmental regulations. They

also have, a resource library.

REOUIREMENTS/STIPULATIONS: NONE

CONTACT PERSON: Pam Earle

ADDRESS: 111 W. 21st, Olympia, WA 98501

PHONE: 206/786-1212

F. Washington State Interagency Committee for

outdoor Recreation

PURPOSE: Assists local governments with funds and planning

assistance for the acquisition, development, and use of

outdoor recreation resources in a manner which maximizes

preservation of the natural quality of the environment.

Encourages programs which will promote outdoor education,

skill development, participation opportunities, and proper

husbandry of recreation resources.

@EXPERTISE: Providing funding and technical assistance to

governmental agencies for the acquisition and/or development

of wetlands. Directing landowners to agencies and

organizations that can assist them.

REQUIREMENTS/STIPULATIONS: Funding is only available to

governmental agencies.

CONTACT: Jim Webster

ADDRESS: 4800 Capitol Blvd., Tumwater, WA 98504

PHONE: 206/ 753-7140

G. Washington wildlife Heritage Foundation

PURPOSE: To preserve, protect, enhance, and perpetuate

fish, wildlife, and natural resources through the

development, promotion, support and/or management of

comprehensive programs and projects.

EXPERTISE: The Foundation has expertise in land sale and

donation, easements, estate and tax planning, refuges and

preserves, wetlands enhancement and cooperative land and

income programs.

REQUIREMENTSZSTIPULATIONS: Accurate and specific information

on the property.

CONTACT: Larry Minkler

ADDRESS: 32610 Pacific Highway S, Federal Way, WA 98003

PHONE: 206/ 824-1579

H. Whatcom County Land Trust

PURPOSE: To provide a private means for individual

landowners to protect the agricultural, scenic, and

recreational uses of their land into posterity.

EXPERTISE: Advising landowners on the legal steps and

likely tax benefits involved in the donation or sale of

their land or the enactment of specific easement

constraints, particularly involving agricultural lands.

REQUIREMENTSZSTIPULATIONS: Landowners interested in

protecting their resources and who have land that, in the

evaluation of the board of directors of the trust, has value

in protecting for the future.

CONTACT: Roger Van Dyken

ADDRESS: 1251 Garden Circle, Lynden, WA 98264

PHONE: (206) 35475770, or,671-4300

I. The Whidbey-Camano Land Trust

PURPOSE: The Trust is dedicated to the preservation of open

farmland, the shoreline, and the forests which contribute to

the unique rural quality of Whidbey and Camano Islands.

EXPERTISE: The Trust has experience in assisting landowners

plan for their land in ways that will protect its natural

qualities. This includes preserving the land through

conservation easements, transferable development rights, or

donations. In addition, the Trust assists landowners in

meeting their economic needs and passing on their land as

they desire.

REQUIREMENTSISTIPULATIONS: none

CONTACT: Ken Pickard

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 207, Coupeville, WA 98236

PHONE: 206/ 678-5666

i. Yakima-RiVer Greenway Foundation

PURPOSE: The Foundation was created to preserve, enhance',

and maintain a 3600 acre river corridor adjacent to the

Yakima urban area as a continuing living resource for future

generations.

EXPERTISE: The Foundation usually acquires land outright

but has professionals who can help with a variety of

transactions. They are willing to work with landowners who

have property both within or outside the designated

corridor.

REQUIREMENTSZ8TIPULATIONS: none

CONTACT: Marc Smiley, Rita Howard Pilgrim

ADDRESS: 103 S. 3rd St, #201

PHONE: (509) 453-8280

-S

Written by Andrew McMillan

Cover by Tim Schlender

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