[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






























                              A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY
                          OF THE LOWER PENINSULA OF VIRGINIA:
                                 CITY OF WILLIAMSBURG
                                   JAMES CITY COUNTY
                                      YORK COUNTY


                                  SECOND ANNUAL REPORT









                                             COASTAL ZONE
                                         INFORMATION CENTER










           Prepared by the
           Virginia Department of Co'nservation ana Recreation
           Division of Natural Heritage
           203 Governor Street, Suite 402                    30 October 1990
           Richmond, VA 23219


































                This report was funded, in part, by the Virginia Council
                on the Environment's Coastal Resources Management Program
                through grant number NA89AA-D-CZ134 of the National
                Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration under the
                Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended.


























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            LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY






                                       TABLE OF CONTENTS







            INTRODUCTION   ...................................................     1
            Overview of the Study Area    .....................................    1
            Virginia's Natural Heritage Program     ............................   3

            METHODS ...... o..........................   o ......................  7


            RESULTS  ........................................................      8


            RECOMMENDATIONS   ................................................     9


            LITERATURE CITED   ...............................................     9



            APPENDICES
            A.    Potential Natural Areas   .................................   A 1
            B.   Natural Heritage Resources    ..............................   B 1












            LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY




                                        INTRODUCTION

                 In January 1990, the Virginia Department of Conservation and
            Recreation, through its Division of Natural Heritage, was
            contracted by the localities of James City County, the City of
            Williamsburg, and York County to conduct the second year's work in
            a planned three-year natural areas inventory.     The goal of this
            inventory is to systematically identify all of the localities,
            Natural Heritage Resources:     those sites supporting unique or
            exemplary natural communities, rare plants and rare animals, and
            other significant natural features.

                 In October 1990, funding for the third year of the inventory
            was approved by the localities. Thus, funding is now assured for
            the completion of the inventory during 1991.           This report
            summarizes information gained during the second year of the
            inventory. The study proposal specifies that the second year will
            be devoted to fieldwork. Indeed, the majority of the effort during
            1990 centered on fieldwork. However, additional fieldwork will be
            conducted in the spring and surtmer of 1991. Therefore, additional
            information will be obtained in the coming months and the results
            presented here nust be considered preliminary.


            OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA

                 Together, the localities of James City County,     the City of
            Williamsburg, and York County cover the majority        of a- large
            peninsula bordered on the north by the York River, on   the east by
            Chesapeake Bay, and on the south by the James River. This area is
            locally known as the Lower Peninsula, or, simply, the Peninsula.

                 Geology.    The Peninsula lies entirely within Virginia's
            Coastal Plain physiographic province. Here, bedrock is buried by
            deep layers of unconsolidated materials that eroded from the
            mountainous western portions of the Commonwealth and were
            transported to the ocean by large rivers. Although now lying above
            sea level, these material were deposited on the sea floor and
            reworked as sea level moved alternately west and east. Evidence
            of prehistoric sea levels includes relatively long, steep slopes
            (scarps) that divide the Peninsula into terraces, lower on the east
            and higher on the west. Four scarps are currently recognized in
            the Peninsula.    From east to west these are the Big Bethel,
            Suffolk, Kingsmill, and Surry (Johnson & Berquist, 1989).












           LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY



                 The eastern tip of the Peninsula is covered with low-lying
           Pleistocene sands and gravels (Calver & Hobbs, 1963). This area
           now supports salt marshes, with maritime forests on the higher dune
           ridges.

                 Deposit of sands and gravels are exposed over much of the
           Peninsula.   Although Calver & Hobbs (1963) included all of these
           in the Yorktown formation, which they placed in the Miocene, more
           recent studies have divided these deposits into three Pliocene
           formations and five from the Pleistocene (Johnson & Berquist,
           1989). These deposits are typically acidic, but where steep-walled
           ravines cut through fossiliferous beds, they are circumneutral. In
           either case, the uplands of the Peninsula were largely forested at
           the time of settlement by Europeans.

                 The older Miocene deposits that make up the St. Mary's
           formation (the Eastover formation of Johnson & Berquist, 1989) are
           exposed in the lowlands along the James River and, to a lesser
           degree, York River (Calver & Hobbs, 1963). This formation includes
           beds of sands and clays, some of which contain fossils.          Most
           outcrops of this formation support marshes and swamps.

                 Current Vegetation. The uplands of the Peninsula are largely
           forested.   Most of the forests are composed of either hardwoods
           (primarily American Beech, Fagus grandifolia; Tulip Poplar
           Liriodendron tulipifera; and oaks Quercus spp.) , or mixed pines
           (primarily Loblolly, Pinus taeda; Virginia, Pinus virginiana; and
           Shortleaf, Pinus echinata) and hardwoods.         Although only a
           relatively small proportion of the Peninsula is currently in
           agriculture, most of the uplands were farmed in the past.

                 With steep slopes typical of the Peninsula, most stream
           channels are narrow, with little development of bottomland forests.
           Powhatan Swamp is the only extensive forested bottomland in the
           study area. This area supports a mixture of Bald Cypress (Taxodium
           distichum), Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica), Red Maple (Acer rubrum),
           Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and bottomland oaks.

                 Most of the wetlands in the Peninsula are marshes. Although
           tides are noticeable along the Chesapeake Bay's tributaries from
           the fall line, the York and James Rivers (and their tributaries)
           have sufficient flow that they remain fresh for a considerable
           distance downstream.    As a result,' the marshes on the northwest
           edge of the study area are bathed in freshwater while those at the
           southeast are inundated with saltwater. As the salinity increases
           downstream, the diversity of plants and animals in the marshes
           decreases.     Along the Chickahominy River, for example, are
           extensive marshes whose dominants change with the seasons. In the

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           LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY



           early summer low, plants such as Pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata)
           and Duck Potato (Peltandra virginiana) dominate. By late summer,
           however, Wild Rice (Zizania aquatica), Beggar Ticks (Bidens sp.),
           and Wild Senna (Cassia fasciculata var. macrosperma) dominate.
           Downstream, these and other freshwater species disappear and are
           replaced by species tolerant of increasing salinity. Big Cordgrass
           (Spartina cynosuroides) is the characteristic species of moderately
           salty stretches, while Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus) and
           Saltmarsh Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) grow in extensive
           single-species patches along Chesapeake Bay.


           VIRGINIA'S NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM

                Virginia's Natural Heritage program is the Commonwealth's
           principal manager of data on rare plants and animals, unique and
           exemplary natural communities, and other significant natural
           features such as caves, champion trees, and waterfalls.

                Each of these significant natural features (species, community
           type, and category of geological feature) is an element of natural
           diversity, or simply an element. Each element is assigned a rank
           that indicates its relatively rarity on a. five-point scale (l =
           extremely rare; 5 = abundant; Table 1). The primary criterion for
           ranking elements is the number of occurrences, i.e. the number of
           known distinct localities or populations. Also of great importance
           is the number of individuals at each locality or     ' if a highly
           mobile organism, the total number of individuals.              Other
           considerations include the condition of the occurrences, the number
           of protected occurrences, and threats.      However, the emphasis
           remains on the number of occurrences such that ranks are an index
           -of known biological rarity. These ranks are assigned both in terms
           of the element's rarity within Virginia (its State or S-rank) and
           the element's rarity over its entire range (its Global or G-rank).
           Taken together these two ranks give an instant picture of the real
           rarity of the element. Although most species protected under state
           or federal endangered species laws are extremely rare, Natural
           Heritage rarity ranks should not be interpreted as legal
           designations.

                The spot on the landscape that supports a particular
           population of a specific species or a specific stand of a given
           community type is an element occurrence. There are now over 4500
           mapped element occurrences in Virginia.        Information on the
           location and quality of these element occurrences are also entered
           into the Division's computerized databases.



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            LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY




            Table 1.    Definition of Natural Heritage state rarity ranks.
            Global ranks are similar, but refer to a species' rarity throughout
            its range. Global ranks are denoted with a 11G11 followed by a
            character. Note that GA and GN are not used and GX means extinct.
            These ranks should not be interpreted as legal designations.


            S1   Extremely rare; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the state;
                 or may be a few remaining individuals; often especially
                 vulnerable to extirpation.

            S2   Very rare; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences; or with many
                 individuals in fewer occurrences; often susceptible to
                 becoming endangered.

            S3   Rare to uncommon; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences; may
                 have fewer occurrences, but with a large number of individuals
                 in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale
                 disturbances.

            S4   Common; usually >100 occurrences, but may be fewer with many
                 large populations; may be restricted to only a portion of the
                 state; usually not susceptible to immediate threats.

            S5   Very common; demonstrably secure under present conditions.

            SA   Accidental in the state.

            SH   Historically known from the state, but not verified for an
                 extended period, usually >15 years; this rank is used
                 primarily when inventory has been attempted recently.

            SN   Regularly occurring migrants; transients; seasonal, non-
                 breeding residents.     Usually no specific site can be
                 identified with its range in the state.            (Note that
                 congregation and staging areas are monitored separately).

            SU   Status uncertain, often because of low search effort or
                 cryptic nature of the element.

            Sx   Apparently extirpated from the state.








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            LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY



                 In addition to ranking each element in terms of rarity,
            Natural Heritage staf f scientists ranks each element occurrence so
            that protection efforts can be aimed not only at the rarest
            elements, but at the best examples of each.        In the case of
            species, an element occurrence is ranked in terms of the quality
            (size, vigor, etc.) of the population, the condition or naturalness
            of the habitat, the long-term viability of the population, and the
            defensibility of the occurrence. Given the intimate relationship
            between a natural community and its environment, communities are
            ranked in terms of their quality and their size.

                 Natural Heritage staff began conducting county natural areas
            inventory in order to gather information on the rare species and
            communities in a more thorough and systematic manner. Given that
            some regions of the Commonwealth face greater development pressures
            than others, Natural Heritage staff scientists are attempting to
            inventory the most highly threatened areas first.




                                             METHODS

                 The Natural Heritage staff conducts natural area inventories
            in five stages:

            1)   Review of aerial -photographs.     Aerial photographs of the
                 entire survey area are reviewed in detail to identify
                 Potential Natural Areas (PNAs) to be studied in the following
                 stages. Where possible, both the oldest available photographs
                 and the most recent ones are studied.     Comparing these two
                 sets of photographs with each other helps determine how long
                 forests and other vegetation have been in their current
                 condition.  In addition, the photographs are compared with
                 ,topographic, wetlands, and soils maps as aids to their
                 interpretation.

            2)   Gathering existing information.      Museum collections are
                 visited by Natural Heritage staff and label information is
                 recorded for rare species.        Published and unpublished
                 information on natural areas in the inventory area is
                 collected and assimilated in conjunction with the review of
                 aerial photographs. This includes gathering maps of public
                 lands (federal, state and local) within the survey area,
                 reviewing Natural Heritage data, consulting experts such as
                 local naturalists, soil conservationists, foresters, and
                 college faculty. During this sta4e, some PNAs are eliminated
                 from further consideration while others are added.



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            LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY




            3)   Aerial reconnaissance.     Selected PNAs are studied in more
                 detail by flying over them in a small airplane. Typically,
                 this is done in the spring or fall, when the ground is visible
                 through the trees. This is especially useful where no recent
                 photographs are available or there have been major changes in
                 the landscape due to development, conversion of natural
                 forests to managed plantations, etc. Flying allows the quick
                 review of many tracts that would take days to visit by car and
                 on foot. Making a videotape of the flight allows the flight
                 to be replayed and reanalyzed. The goal of this stage is to
                 eliminate from consideration the sites that are no longer in
                 a natural state and to begin prioritizing the remaining PNAs
                 for on-the-ground survey.

            4)   Initial ground survey.     There are several purposes of this
                 stage.    one is to identify and contact the landowner.         A
                 second purpose is to screen the PNAs to eliminate those that
                 show signs of substantial disturbance that are not visible in
                 aerial photographs or from the air. A third is to plan for
                 the main survey of PNAs that still show potential as natural
                 areas. Among the decisions to be made are when the survey can
                 best be conducted, which staff scientist(s) should be involved
                 (i.e. what is the potential for rare plants, rare animals or
                 exemplary communities), and how much time should be budgeted
                 for completing the survey. Where there is a need to verify
                 the accuracy of the photo interpretation conducted during
                 stage 1, these stages may overlap.

            5)   Thorough inventory of the PNA.         At this time, detailed
                 information is collected on the presence and status of rare
                 species and unique or exemplary natural communities that are
                 present, the extent of the feature(s) that make the PNA
                 significant, and the area that needs to be protected to
                 preserve those features.        Threats and past or present
                 disturbances are also noted.        For sites found to be of
                 statewide significance, these data are transcribed onto
                 Natural Heritage maps and entered into the Natural Heritage
                 databases.

            6)   Comp-ilation of results and preparation of final report. As
                 fieldwork is completed, Natural Heritage staff scientists
                 review the information gathered.      Based on a review of all
                 natural heritage resources present at a site, the staff
                 prioritizes the sites in terms of their significance and the
                 threats facing them, develops and maps preliminary preserve
                 boundaries,     and   drafts    protection     and     management
                 recommendations.    This information is then combined into a
                 report to the contracting locality.

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                                             RESULTS

                The County Natural Heritage Inventory of Williamsburg City,
           York County and James City County is progressing on schedule.
          @During the 1990 field season, Natural Heritage staff concentrated
           on conducting f ield surveys of the PNAs (steps 4 and 5 of the
           inventory) . Particular emphasis was placed on rare plant surveys.
           Surveys were also conducted for a number of globally rare animals
           and natural communities.    In addition, the review of additional
           museum records added a number of historical records to the Natural
           Heritage databases. During the compilation of f ield data, Natural
           Heritage staff scientists have begun to develop protection
           priorities and preliminary boundaries for some of the most
           significant PNAs.   Appendix A shows which PNAs are now known to
           support Natural Heritage Resources.

                Of the more than 90 Potential Natural Areas (PNAs) identified
           during the first year of the inventory (Appendix A; Figure 1), 60
           were visited one or more times this year. Most of the remaining
           PNAs are on federal property (e.g. Colonial National Historical
           Park, Cheatham Annex) or have a low probability of supporting
           Natu'ral Heritage Resources. Plans are being made to continue field
           work in 1991. In particular, field workers are on line to continue
           rare plant inventories and to conduct bird censuses. Highlights
           of the year include:

                Forty-eight element occurrences were documented (discovered
                or re-verified) in the Lower Peninsula. Twenty-six of these
                are plants (9 species), 14 are animals (6 species), and 8 are
                natural communities (3 community types).

                A new population of the globally rare, and listed Endangered,
                small-whorled pogonia (Isotria nedeoloides) was discovered on
                the William and Mary campus. The presence of this species on
                public property that is already managed for its natural
                features helps ensure the continued existence of this species.

                Many new populations of shadow witch (Ponthieva racemosa) and
                drooping bulrush (Scirpus lineatus) were located, making these
                species far more common than previously believed.

                Freshwater tidal marshes in the northern portion of James City
                County are among the best exa   mples of this community type
                remaining in the Middle Atlantic States. The quality of these
                marshes suggests that the rare invertebrates collected from
                this community type in the past are likely to be present, even
                though they were not collected this year.


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                Similarly, high quality salt marshes are still present along
                the eastern shores of York County. While no rare species are
                known from this community type, many common species inhabit
                these marshes during some portion of their lives.

                Healthy populations of freshwater mussels were found in
                scattered locations in the Lower Peninsula. To date, only one
                mussel species currently monitored by the Natural Heritage
                program has been found, healthy populations of more common
                species persist, despite past declines in water quality.

                Collateral studies on several federal properties (e.g.
                Cheatham Annex, Colonial National Historical Park, Yorktown
                Naval Weapons Station) have helped Natural Heritage scientists
                understand the natural history and status of several rare
                species and significant habitats.

                Two species from the Lower Peninsula that were monitored by
                the Natural Heritage program a year ago (few-flowered
                milkweed, Asclepias lanceolata and water hickory, Carva
                aquatica) have been found to be sufficiently common that they
                are no longer monitored. Current and/or historical records
                have been located for 20 elements that were not previously
                known from the Lower Peninsula (Appendix B).



                                     RECO14MENDATIONS

           1.   Continue the inventory. The work done to date has documented
                the existence of many Natural Heritage Resources in the Lower
                Peninsula.   Completion of the natural areas inventory will
                provide the three contracting localities with the information
                they need to help ensure that the best sites are protected.


           2.   Utilize the PNAs in environmental review. The PNAs identified
                in this study are the areas that hold the greatest likelihood
                of supporting unique or exemplary natural communities and rare
                species. As proposed developments come before the localities,
                they should be compared with the PNA map provided in this
                report (Figure 1). The Natural Heritage staff offers their
                information and expertise in reviewing project proposals,
                especially where the proposal includes a PNA.

           3.   Begin to incorporate PNAs in local zoning and planning. Some
                of the PNAs fall within either Resource Management or Resource
                Protection zones defined by the contracting localities under
                the Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act. Many others lie outside

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           PNA     PNA NAME                                    STATUS

           1       Headquarters
           2       Felgates Creek & Black Swamp
           3       Penniman spit                                   A
           4       Beaverdam Pond
           5       Carter Creek
           6       Skimino Tributary
           7       Felgate Upland
           8       Bigler Mill Pond
           9       Skimino Creek
           10      Christensons Corner                             X
           11      Interchange Tributary
           12      Haring Swamp
           13      Oaktree
           14      camp Skimino
           15      Carters Grove                                   CP
           16      Queen Creek
           17      Wood Creek
           18      Lower Skiffes Creek                             P
           19      Lackey
           20      Washington Headquarters
           21      Beaverdam Creek                                 AP
           22      Woodside Park (Newport News)
           23      Yorktown Creek
           24      York River Cliffs
           25      Ballard Creek
           26      Great Run
           27      Grafton Ponds NW                                A
           28      Grafton Ponds SW                                AC
           29      Grafton Ponds E                                 APC
           30      Grafton Ponds SE
           31      Grafton Ponds NE                                A
           32      Upper Baptist Run                               A
           33      Harris Grove Ponds
           34      Poquoson River mouth
           35      Acre Acres Pond
           36      Goodwin Islands                                 C
           37      Claxton Creek
           38      Gordons Island Marsh                            C
           39      Shields Point                                   A
           40      Yarmouth Island                                 AC









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                  PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY



            PNA     PNA NAME                                    STATUS*

            41      Hog Neck  - Uncles Neck
            42      Big Marsh Point                                A
            43      Upper Yarmouth Creek                           AP
            44      Colby Swamp                                    A
            45      Gordon Creek Uplands
            46      Governors Land
            47      Powhatan Creek                                 AP
            48      Passmore Creek                                 AC
            49      Back River Marshes                             A
            50      College Woods                                  P
            51      Kings Mill Neck East                           x
            52      College Creek                                  A
            53      King Creek
            54      Upper Crab Neck
            55      Tabb West
            56      Tabb Lake
            57      Brick Kiln Creek
            58      Back Landing
            59      Long Creek
            60      Black Walnut Ridge                             C
            61      Plum Tree Island                               C
            62      Mill Creek - Diascund Creek
            63      Diascund Creek                                 P
            64      Edwards Swamp                                  A
            65      Bird Swamp
            66      Upper Mill Creek
            67      chisel Run                                     P
            68      Ware Creek                                     C
            69      Taskinas Creek                                 PC
            -70     York River State Park
            71      Mulberry Island -- Newport News
            72      Gravel Pit Point
            73      Tutters Neck Pond                              P
            74      Forest Hill Park                               P
            75      Interchange Ridge
            76      Waller Mill Park North
            77      Waller Mill Park South
            78      Plantation Heights                             P
            79      Walmington Academy                             P
            80      Mill Creek








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           PNA     PNA NAME                                      STATUS*

           81      James River Church North                          x
           82      James River Church South                          x
           83      Powell Lake
           84      Northeast Quarter Park
           85      Magruder School                                   P
           86      Norge                                             x
           87      War Hill
           88      Grove Creek                                       CP
           89      Kentucky Farms South
           90      Tiger Bluffs
           91      Colonial NHP Bluffs
           92      Jamestown Festival Park
           93      Mill Creek Roadside                               P
           94      Mt. Pleasant Church                               P
































                Status:
                   A = Rare animals present
                   C = Significant natural communities present
                   P = Rare plants present
                   X =.PNA is no longer in  a sufficiently natural state for
                        further consideration



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                                       APPENDIX B:




                        Natural Heritage Resources reported from
                                   the Lower Peninsula.









                   LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERIMqE INVENTORY




                                                                                               GLOBAL STATE FEDERAL   STATE
                            SCIENTIFIC NAME                   COMMON NAME                      RANK   RANK    STATUS  STATUS



                           ** AMPHIBIANS
                            AMBYSTOMA MABEEI                  MABEE'S SALAMANDER               G4     S2?             RSC
                            AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM                TIGER SALAMANDER                 G5     si              LE
                            HYLA GRATIOSA *                   BARKING TREEFROG                 G5     S3              RSC
                            RANA VIRGATIPES                   CARPENTER FROG                   G5     S3              RSC


                           ** BIRDS
                            HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS          BALD EAGLE                       G3     S2S3    LE      LE
                            ARDEA HERODIAS                    GREAT BLUE HERON                 G5     S3


                           ** INSECTS
                            CICINDELLA MARGINATA              A TIGER BEETLE                   G5     S3S4
                            ISCHNURA PROGNATHA                A DRAGONFLY                      G4     si              RSC
                            LIBELLULA AXILENA *               A DRAGONFLY                      G5     si


                           ** MUSSELS
                            ANODONTA IMPLICTA *               ALEWIFE FLOATER                  G5     S2              RSC


                           ** PLANTS
                            AESCHYNOMENE VIRGINICA            SENSITIVE JOINT-VETCH            G2     S2      C2      C
                            BOLTONIA ASTEROIDES               ASTER-LIKE BOLTONIA              G5     S2S3
                            CAREX LACUSTRIS                   LAKE-BANK SEDGE                  G5     si              RSC
                            CAREX LUPULIFORMIS                FALSE HOP SEDGE                  G3G4Q  SlS2            RSC
                            CASSIA FASCICULATA  VAR           PRAIRIE SENNA                    G5TlQ  SlS2    C2      RSU
                               MACROSPERMA *
                            CENCHRUS INCERTUS                 COAST SANDBUR                    G5     si
                            CICUTA BULBIFERA                  BULB-SEARING WATER-HEMLOCK       G5     SH
                            CORNUS STOLONIFERA                RED-OSIER DOGWOOD                G5     si              RSC
                            CUSCUTA INDECORA                  PRETTY DODDER                    G5     si
                            CYPERUS DIANDRUS                  UMBRELLA FLATSEDGE               G5     S2S3            RSC
                            CYPERUS HASPAN                    SHEATHED FLATSEDGE               G5     S2S3    -       RSC
                            ELEOCHARIS VERRUCOSA              SLENDER SPIKERUSH                G3G5Q  SU              RSU
                            ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE            TEN-ANGLE PIPEWORT               G5     si              RSC
                            ERIOCAULON PARKERI *              PARKER'S PIPEWORT                G3     S3      3C      RSC
                            EUPHORBIA AMMANNIOIDES            A SPURGE                         G3G4   Sl              RSC
                            FIMBRISTYLIS PERPUSILLA           HARPER'S  FIMBRISTYLIS           G2     si      C2      LE
                            GLYCERIA GRANDIS                  AMERICAN MANNAGRASS              G5     si              RSC
                            HELENIUM BREVIFOLIUM              SHORTLEAF SWEEZEWEED             G4     si              RSC
                            ISOTRIA MEDEOLOIDES               SMALL WHORLED POGONIA            G2     si      LE      LE
                            JUNCUS CAESARIENSIS               NEW JERSEY RUSH                  G2     S2      C2      RE
                            LIPARIS LOESELII                  LOESELIS TWAYSLADE               G5     S2              RSC
                            LISTERA AUSTRALIS                 SOUTHERN TWAYBLADE               G4     S2S3            RSC
                            LYTHRUM ALATUM                    WINGED-LOOSESTRIFE               G5     si              RSC
                            MALAXIS SPICATA                   FLORIDA ADDER'S-MOUTH            G3G4   S2              RSC
                            NUPHAR SAGITTIFOLIUM              YELLOW COWLILY                   G30    S2              RSC
                            OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM             ADDER'S-TONGUE                   G5T5   Sl              RSC
                               VAR PSEUDOPODUM
                            PANICUM HIANS *                   GAPING PANIC GRASS               G5     si              RSC
                            PONTHIEVA RACEMOSA                SHADOW-WITCH                     G4G5   S2S3            RSC
                            QUERCUS PRINOIDES                 DWARF CHINQUAPIN OAK             G5     S2              RSC
                            QUERCUS SCHUMARDII                SCHUMARD OAK                     G5     S2S3            RSC









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                   LOWER PENINSULA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY





                                                                                             GLOBAL  STATE FEDERAL   STATE
                            SCIENTIFIC NAME                  COMMON NAME                     RANK    RANK   STATUS   STATUS



                            SCIRPUS LINEATUS                 DROOPING BULRUSH                G4      SlS2            RSC
                            SCUTELLARIA INCANA               HOARY SKULLCAP                  G5      S1              RSC
                            SOLIDAGO TORTIFOLIA              A GOLDENROD                     G3G5    S1              RSC
                            SPIRANTHES ODORATA               SWEETSCENT LADIES'-TRESSES      G5      S1              RSC
                            STEWARTIA OVATA                  MOUNTAIN CAMELLIA               G4      S2              RSC
                            TILLANDSIA USNEOIDES             SPANISH MOSS                    G5      S2S3            RSC
                            TRIDENS STRICTUS                 LONG-SPIKE FLUFF GRASS          G5      S1              RSC
                            TRIGLOCHIN STRIATUM              THREE-RIBBED ARROWGRASS         G5      S2              RSC
                            TRILLIUM PUSILLUM VAR            VIRGINIA LEAST TRILLIUM         G3T2    S2     C2       RSC
                               VIRGINIANUM
                            TYPHA DOMINGENSIS                SOUTHERN CATTAIL                G4G5    S2S3            RSC
                            UTRICULARIA FIBROSA              FIBROUS BLADDERWORT             G4G5    SlS2            RSC
                            VERSENA SCABRA *                 SANDPAPER VERVAIN               G5      S2S3            RSC
                            WISTERIA FRUTESCENS              AMERICAN WISTERIA               G5      SlS2            RSC
                            XYRIS CAROLINIANA                CAROLINA YELLOW-EYED GRASS      G4G5    S1              RSC


                           ** NATURAL COMMUNITIES
                            BRACKISH MARSH *                                                         S5
                            COASTAL PLAIN SINKHOLE POND                                              S1
                            FRESHWATER TIDAL MARSH                                                   S3S4
                            MARL RAVINE FOREST                                                       S2S3
                            SALT MARSH *                                                             S5
                            SOUTHERN MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST                                           S3


                           ** OTHER ELEMENTS OF ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
                            CHAMPION TREE
                            HERON ROOKERY






                          Species and communities added to this list during 1990.

















                                                                          B 2











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              tial Natural Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Figure 1. Poten
                                                                                                                                                    ............................  .................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 identified during the first year
                                                                     ..............
                                       k. 4;4T,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       al areas inventory of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 of the natur
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 the Lower Peninsula











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                                                                                                                      NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY



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