Baybook a guide to reducing water pollution in your home and neighborhood

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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INFORMATIONCENM

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B35
1989 GUIDE TO REDUCING WATER POLLUTION AT HOME

The Baybook
I �J
/~1i i)) ~Introduction 2

4~~ -
.---~__ What's the problem? 2

-~_ ..-.:v What needs to be done 3

"'-'-- A. Protecting streams and shorelines 3
i ; ..... B. Managing stormwater 5
:-?~- ~C. Managing lawns and gardens 10
D. Managing septic systems 15
,. ......E. Disposing of household chemicals 17
.... -F. Managing boating and swimming activities 19
_ -- G. Conserving water 21
_ .. d f ... H. Becoming a part of the plan 22

~/ '~2 - ~ ~ In conclusion 23

_- A Additional resources 24

A~~~~~~~~~~~~~WN-,

The Baybook

A Guide to Reducing Water Pollution

in Your Home and Neighborhood

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Lake Michigan District
1989

PUBL-WR-228-89
Financial assistance The Wisconsin Coastal grants to stimulate better state
provided by the Wisconsin Management Program was and local coastal management.
Coastal Management Program, established in 1978 to direct Its overall goal is to preserve,
State of Wisconsin, Division of comprehensive attention to the protect and develop the
Energy and Intergovermental state's 820 miles of Leke, resources of Wisconsin's coastal
Relations, Department of Michigan and Lake S peaor orEPA R Mfbrthis .anceedFinrg
Administration and the Coastal coastline. The WCN/CP0@ Jgs Sge.ratiqns.
Zone Management Act of 1972, and develops state pqlUYprka ~ -
as amended, administered by wide range of Great k uTH -f, T
the Office of Ocean and Coastal issues, coordinates t~6A0ii yE C T
Resources Management, governmental programs that -
National Oceanic and affect the coast, and provides
Atmospheric Administration.

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tx~ I

Introduction

The History of the Lower Fox The river was hidden; buildings One of the latest stages of How many chemicals and other
River and Green Bay Recovery faced away from it and parks repair is the Lower Fox River and wastes are you releasing into the
The Lower Fox River and and housing were developed Green Bay Remedial Action environment? Where are they
lower Green Bay are changing, elsewhere. Plan, a long-range strategy for going?
and the changes are for the But in the early 1970's, an era restoring beneficial uses to the For example, pet wastes,
better. But much remains to be of repair and damage control river and bay. Some of the fertilizers, herbicides and other
done, and there is plenty that began. Effective water quality plan's goals include elimination substances from your property
you can do. laws were written and enforced, of toxic effects on fish, wildlife can be carried by rainwater into
From the time of the earliest and the dividends to the Fox and and human health; clearer water; local streams through storm
trappers and explorers until lower bay are now obvious. Fish safe swimming; and sustainable sewers. Toxic or hazardous
about the turn of the century, the are returning and so are and edible fish and wildlife household chemicals can find
Fox and lower bay were fishermen. Some endangered populations. These goals require their way into our water
abundant in clean water, bird populations are beginning concerted action by government supplies. Faulty septic systems
wetlands, fish and wildlife. to increase. Recreational and industry, but there is much can contaminate surface and
Unfortunately, as the population boating demand outstrips the for the individual citizen to do as groundwater, and rain can wash
and industries grew, the quality supply for boat launches and well. airborne chemicals into our
of the water and the quantity of mooring slips, and property An important lesson we have waters.
the natural resources declined. values and development are learned since the 1970's is that The first section of the
By the 1950's, the Fox River increasing alorig the shorelines. serious pollution can come from Baybook is designed to give you
had lost most of its desirable In many ways, people are many small sources, not just a feeling for nonpoint sources of
resources. It had become little turning back to these waters to from industry and municipal pollution and how they affect the
more than an open sewer for use and enjoy. sewage treatment plants. river and bay. Later sections will
wastes and an obstacle to road The rehabilitation is far from Pollution from diffuse sources - explain what you can do to
traffic. Fish kills were routine, complete, however. Toxic called "nonpoint source prevent nonpoint source and
commercial and sport fisheries chemicals have been linked to pollution" because it isn't other kinds of pollution.
were gone, waterfowl reproductive problems in fish released from a specific point Although these sections may
populations declined and there and birds. Public health such as a discharge pipe - also refer to the Lower Fox River and
was no recreational use. Lower advisories warn against eating has a serious impact on water lower Green Bay, the guidelines
Green Bay was not much better. certain river and bay fish. The quality. Nonpoint sources of can be used to protect lakes and
As the quality of the waters waters are murky from excess pollution include both rural and streams throughout Wisconsin.
declined, people turned their algae and sediments - too murky urban properties.
backs to the shoreline. to be considered safe for Try to think of your home and
Shorefront property wasn't swimming. property as a mini-ecosystem full
desirable, it was to be avoided. of potential sources of pollution.

WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?

Nonpoint source pollution or so after a snowfall. The dirt, stored or discarded Nutrients: All plants require
comes from many sources that grime, oil and grease blackening - Acid rain from auto exhaust nutrients to grow and reproduce.
are spread out over entire the soil are nonpoint source and other air emissions Two important nutrients are
watersheds. Every chemical or pollutants. As the snow melts, nitrogen and phosphorus. When
waste product that can be these pollutants are carried by * Runoff from roadways and an oversupply of nutrients,
carried by runoff into storm the melt water to the river and road salting activities particularly phosphorus, exists in
sewers or streams becomes bay. * Improperly disposed waste oil natural waters, heavy algae
*Improperly disposed waste oil bom n qai ed a
nonpoint source pollution. Other sources of nonpoint blooms and aquatic weeds can
Common examples are source pollution include: become a nuisance. Green Bay
Runoff from coal, salt and suffers from an abundance of
fertilizers, herbicides, other stockpiles phosphorus and algae. Algae
insesticides, spilled motor oil, a Failing septic systems
fuels,.and animal waste from a Erosion and runoff from * Barnyards and streambank cloud the water and block
pets, wildlife and farm animals. cosrcinstsadpastures ulg fo pori ote
pastures sunlight from supporting rooted
pets, wildlife and farm animals. construction sites and aquatic plants that are valuable
In addition, soil particles are croplands * Leaking sewers for fish habitat and waterfowl
nonpoint source pollutants that
can carry chemicals and � Landscaping pesticides and - Leakage and runoff from food. When algae die and
nutrients adsorbed to the fertilizers landfills decay, they can cause low
dissolved oxygen levels that
particles and become deposited a Streambank and shoreline � Rooftop drains threaten fish. Algae also impairs
as sediments on the river and erosion swimming and other
bay bottom.
bay bottom. To understand their recreational activities. The
To visualize nonpoint source � Cleansers, paint, and
environmental impacts, we can primary nonpoint sources of
pollution, think of how snow antifouling compounds used categorize these nonpoint phosphorus are fertilizers,
looks along roadsides a week on boatscategorize these nonpoint phosphorus are fertilizers,
looks along roadsides a week on boats pollutants and look specifically animal waste, soil erosion and
a Hazardous waste improperly at how they affect us: failing septic systems.

-.& 16 &A - 11161A 14e~l%

(Sediments: Sediments are soil such as PCBs and dioxins. presence of coliform bacteria Nonpoint source pollution
particles carried into waterways. Pesticides are substances used to and murky, unsafe water also affects people through:
Sediments can accumulate and destroy unwanted vegetation prevents the reopening of Bay
fill stream channels, lake basins (herbicides), insects Beach to swimming. � Increased costs of drinking
and harbors, contributing to (insecticides), or animals. water and wastewater
flooding and the need for Some of these compounds Oxygen demand: Dissolved treatment
navigational dredging. Soil may be discharged in municipal oxygen is a natural and
particles also carry chemical and industrial wastewater, but necessary component of water. � Loss of navigation, fishing,
pollutants and nutrients with toxic chemicals also may be It is needed by all aquatic plants hunting, swimming, and other
them into the water. Finally, present in a number of and animal life, including water recreation
suspended soil particles in the household and lawn and garden helpful bacteria that cleanse
water reduce the light needed for products such as cleansers, polluted streams by breaking � Increased flooding and other
submerged plants, cover fish solvents, paints, petroleum down organic pollutants. The sediment damages
spawning grounds, clog the gills products and pesticides. The more polluted a stream,
of fish and have other negative presence of toxics in Fox River however, the more the bacteria � Increased navigational
effects on aquatic life. and Green Bay fish has resulted compete with fish and other dredging and associated costs
Sediments result from soil in health advisories being issued aquatic life for the limited
erosion sites like croplands, for eating certain kinds and sizes oxygen dissolved in the water. * Health effects from exposure
streambank pastures, roadsides, of these fish. Toxics are also Thus, high levels of organic to contaminants or pathogens
construction sites and exposed suspected of causing birth pollution lead to low levels of
shorelines. defects, cancers and oxygen, and may cause serious We must confront the problem
reproductive problems in Green problems such as fish kills. of nonpoint source pollution
Toxics: Toxics are chemical Bay fish and wildlife. squarely if we are to have a
substances that can cause cancer Physical habitat alteration: cleaner river and bay. Solving
or other harmful health effects in Pathogens: Disease-causing Activities such as construction, the nonpoint source problem
people and animals. Their bacteria and viruses, or dredging, channelizing and will require the responsible and
impact on health may be acute, pathogens, may be present in filling of streams and wetlands active participation of all of us.
occurring quickly after exposure, human or animal feces. The can have serious impacts on If you are interested in helping
or chronic, occurring over a long potential presence of pathogens wildlife, fish, and other aquatic out, read on!
period of time. Toxics include is typically indicated by numbers life. These physical disturbances
metals such as lead, mercury, of fecal coliform, a type of can resuspend sediments,
and cadmium, pesticides like bacteria found in human and nutrients and toxics as well as
dieldrin, and organic chemicals animal feces. In Green Bay, the destroy aquatic habitat.

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?

A. Protecting river banks
and bay shorelines � Are the banks bare or lacking directly into the waterway, Agent to see what types of
enough vegetation to prevent increasing the volume of water plants will do well in your area.
The Fox River Valley, like all erosion? Are there signs of and sediment in the stream and Sometimes bank erosion has
of Wisconsin, is blessed with erosion such as slumping in of causing the banks to erode. progressed too far for simple
an abundant network of the streambank? You and your neighbors can measures, and structural
streams, rivers, and lakes - *is there a build-up of silt? minimize bank erosion by taking restoration is necessary.
�Is there a build-up of silt?
many of which lead to the bay. Aetecanlofhesr a few simple steps (see "What Streambank restoration requires
They add greatly to the beauty mAre the channels of the stream You Can Do"). Also, make sure the assistance of a trained
They add greatly to the beautynd
of the environment and provide b ecoming wider and your waterway is surrounded by professional. Free advice on
recreation, drinking water, fish
recreation, drinking water, fish shallower? plenty of trees or other structural solutions is available
and wildlife habitat, and a If you can answer yes to one vegetation. Vegetation is very from the county LCD and the
resource for manufacturing and or more of these questions, your important to both the stability of DNR, and cost-sharing is
rother industries n g tea and ortm orely the s qutin byo -the banks and the health of the available in some counties from
If you live on therier oisndanger Seimaenyt from
Iou nther i trives or is idangr ulimatelnth f lake or stream itself. Roots hold the Agricultural Stabilization
If you I ive on the river or is in danger. Sediment fromthsolipacanvettonndCsrainSrie
near a stream (most of the eroding streambanks can the soil in place and vegetation and Conservation Service
following applies to lakes and smother aquatic life, ruin filters and traps nutrients and (ASCS). A state permit from the
the bay as well), ask yourself spawning beds, clog fish gills sediments. Trees provide shade DNR is required for any
the bafowll)asyowing: and cut off needed light to that helps lower stream physical alteration of streams
theanollowinu of unederwater plants that produce temperature and thereby provide and other water bodies,
Ca n y ou see rainwater oro o e a suitable environment for fish. including bank restoration.
snowmelt running off from xgn
lawns, fields, farming Stream bank erosion typically Before you attempt to do any Contact the DNR for further
eatons, figaoccurs fin aSreas whbere roads, tpcplanting on the banks of your information if you are
operations, highways or ocrinaeswreodcreek or along the lake or bay, considering this option.
parking lots into the parking lots, rooftops,
compacted soil and other call your local Department of
waterway? impat e sde r Natural Resources (DNR), county
impenetrable surfaces prevent
Do livestock graze along the rain from filtering down into the Land Conservation Department
banks or enter the water? soil. Instead, more rain runs (LCD), or County Extension
soil. Instead, more rain runs

Haereae afwfhmn,, , y: / ,1 (
thisng you \and1 your neighbors ./ ~,,, l t/..1",' Eroding streambanks are common
can""do"'"o minimize streambank ~~~~I in suburban areas. Streams in this
�1tand ~i~~~16~shor~~~~el i ne Q ion in yourT .~~~i! ^ IC~ j / I JJ condition often support few living

;,~iir Ln..,,,,.,,,,' "~,y{:~'... IJ 1 W,,,2,li..

permitccthlad s e ery iprtant
of Natural Resources Acreatures.

e ~~~ i t,0 ~~~ Wetlands are very important! Pe ople are beginning to realize planning to purchase or build on
; Ai CS;/ig;sS he Yi.They provide a home for many that protecting wetlands is vital property that you suspect
b:0:8''0~~or 2 t h e speie e nis a to and other for the environment. Federal, co n tans contact your
oftean fyo ewil d l ife, and a spawning gro und

r wildlifeh and a spawning ground state and county regulations exist county zoning administrator or
Pe, for fish. Wetlands help reduce to preserve and protect what is DNR Water Regulations and
Avoid placin hqeavy objects ~flood damage and erosion, left of our wetlands. Zoning Specialist for advice.
@ ; recharge groundwater, and act as How can you tell if there is a You may also have to contact the
;1 on the top oli srm fil; ; iters to trap sediments and wetland area on your property? U. S. Army Corps of Engineers or
s Anutrients running off the land As A wetland, under normal rainfall the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
*a nation we have lost over one- conditions, has enough water or Service i f you are told that the

so fthesrea here efore European settlers dependent plants, such as jurisdiction.
s ad on the ares arrived. In the Lower Fox River cattails, mosses (especially
esand lower bay area, on ly 10
*�'in gr sult a trained eng ineer or
echnicianfrom i the DRs or

7~solutions for controlling '>- A; ~ a _ "t rYr '
erosion. r �::t .

* Observe no-wake speed r) '/ . (

* En c ourage adoption of P '

o rdinances :

* Enroll, or encourage others to _
en roll, in cropland adjacent:: ,.
to streams in filter strip
programs. : ,f :// // " /.
/ . - .,s . D Vegetation can be planted to stabilize
t streambanks and eroding shorelines. Yrou
Help farmers installcost- et ;at ,advice on which plants are
sh ared fe ncing o r cattle_.. /i/,1/appropriate from the agencie s listed in
crossings. i , the Additional Resources section of this
5=( : ; ~:~& /-~ /-" gUide.

cros _ngs. ___ /11 _he _dditional _esous _ n _f _ _ _ _ _ _

There are things you can B. MANAGING reducing the speed of flow or by
There are things you can STORMWATER retaining the water in catch
do to protect and basins. This will reduce the
enhance your wetland. A major and perhaps the pollutants carried into storm
largest cause of nonpoint source sewers and streams and also
gConsider leaving a buffer of pollution in both urban and rural reduce flooding. Increasing soil
grassland between crop areas is stormwater runoff not absorption has the added benefit
hfieds a nd wetland areas. absorbed by soil and vegetation. of maintaining groundwater
This will filter soil eroding Rainwater will carry chemicals, supplies.
from your fields while nutrients, sediments and other The U.S. Environmental
providing nest cover for forms of nonpoint source Protection Agency is developing
wildlife. Such "filter strips" pollution into streams, either stormwater regulations to control
are often eligible for directly or through storm sewers. pollutants from urban and
enrollment in land owner Therefore, the major goal of industrial areas. Large cities will
compensation programs. stormwater management is to be addressed first, but eventually
* Protect wetlands in increase absorption of rainwater smaller cities will also be
drainageways adjacent to by soil and vegetation, usually by included.
lakes or streams from
grazing. This will greatly
enhance their ability to
purify runoff. i
� Evaluate man-made drainage. /
on your property. Many
former wetlands can be
restored on land no longer - .
used for agriculture by . *
disconnecting drainage
systems. Be sure to consult .
Soil Conservation Service
personnel in your county,
to make sure you ,
don't cause problems for
neighboring landowners.
� Contact local DNR personnel
about managing wetland
vegetation. Proper
management will maintain j > .F
plant diversity, improve J
wildlife habitat and prevent = e -
non-native species such as
purple loosestrife (a colorful ' ^ ... . -," :-~ ?
plant with devastating '-..
effects) from taking over your
wetland.

C -. ' ' -"

Correcting shoreline erosion i
sometimes requires structural
solutions, such as constructing stone
revetments (ripraps). On steep
banks, build steps to give you access - )
to the beach.

~~~A ~ iAA.- -

Protecting Stormwater released. For example, land drain or gravel-lined detention clogged with clay, silt or fine soil
Collection Systems immediately adjacent to your basin is in use. You can also particles. Sediment traps, basins
house needs to have a downhill spread runoff over the land or grassed sediment filters can be
slope so that water does not seep surface by using a series of installed to remove fine particles
Stormwater collection systems through the foundation. Direct terraces or runoff spreaders that from runoff before they reach the
consist of catche, basins, road roof downspouts and drainage promote greater infiltration by infiltration device.
gutters or ditches, storm drains away from the house and paved slowly spreading runoff in a fan- Alternatively, you may be able
and storm sewers. Storm sewers surfaces. Once the water has shaped pattern across a to create a gently rolling surface
typically carry rainwater to an been carried ten feet away from vegetated land surface. or a system of berms and swales
outlet on a stream, river or lake the house, the surface should be The installation of various to slow runoff. Berms and
In the first rush of water from a graded so that runoff soaks into infiltration devices can enhance swales are slight elevations and
rainstorm, much of the debsns the ground or is released absorption even on sites with depressions in the surface that
and other polluting substances gradually. well-drained soils. It is provide channels along which
on paved surfaces or in the If you are building a new important to remember that water will flow. If you have a
stormwater collection system home or are in a position to surface runoff cannot infiltrate wet area, you may be able to
will be carried into the
w aterway. This can significantly consider regrading your soils that are at or past their move it to a less used area of the
add to water quality problems. It property, you may want to create saturation point or that contain a yard (around shrubs or trees, for
add th erefore important to problems It a depression that will hold all high percentage of clay. example) by installing a swale to
is therefore Important to protect runoff and allow it to infiltrate Seepage pits, gravel-lined carry the water across the yard.
all components of the into the soil. This should only recharge basins and terraces lose Plant the new wet area with the
stormwater collection system be done where drainage is good their effectiveness as infiltration kinds of trees and shrubs that
from pollutants. The following or an infiltration device such as a devices when the land surface is thrive in wet soils.
should never be dumped down gravel-filled seepage pit, Dutch
storm drains, road gutters or
catch basins: motor oil, pet
waste, grass trimmings, leaves,
debris or hazardous chemicals of
any kind. Anything dumped in
our stormwater collection
systems or placed on a paved
surface will be carried untreated
into our waterways.

Controlling Rainwater .
Flow
Nonpoint source pollution . /
from your property can be )
reduced by decreasing runoff -
and increasing infiltration. There tejk-
are inexpensive ways to control \ \--,.~,,. ..
excess runoff created by patios, .
driveways, sidewalks and 4w
rooftops. Whatever the soil '
drainage condition in your . ?,
neighborhood, landscaping and ' - \' t '
careful grading of your property's .
surface area can be used to *::. , i
increase infiltration, reduce the .':. . . - .

time over which runoff is . . ..

Rainwater runs downhill,
some of it filtering _ m _~ l s -
sopme running directly
nooujral4ing rainwater to
move slowly across the
soil so most o it soalks
into the ground, you will
help prevent erosion
problems.

_ _ __ _ _ _ _ __L"'""'""

What You Can Do Managing Animal Waste
Wastes from pets, wildlife and
There are many ways you can improve absorption of rainwater by soil in your yard. Wa st es from pets, wild ife and
farm animals are a significant
* Install gravel trenches along driveways or patios to collect water and allow it to filter into the soil. source of water pollution in
* Direct roof drains and gutters away from paved surfaces and toward infiltration areas, or collect some areas. A number of
rainwater and use it to water your plants. d iseases , includingtube
and salmonellosis, can be
* Maintain a healthy lawn. transmitted to humans by
* Resod bare patches in your lawn as soon as possible to avoid erosion. bacteria in animal feces.
In some areas, "pooper-
* Grade all areas away from your house at a slope of 1%. scooper" laws have been passed
* Use a grass swale (a low area in the lawn) to move water from one area to another. requiring that owners remove
their pets' feces from paved
* Plant shrubs and trees to promote infiltration (see chapter on landscaping). surfaces and dispose of it in the
toilet. This prevents the waste
from being carried by storm
water into streams and lakes.
If you have a pet, do not allow
it to defecate on paved surfaces
where feces can quickly be
washed into sewers or
waterways. Use your yard, or
undeveloped areas to walk pets,
�\~~~~ \% ~~~ '~~\ i ,/' . 0avoiding natural or man-
made waterways. Pick up and
dispose of your pet's waste. You
..~ /,;/c a, > can use paper bags for this
purpose.

I' /

~Itt' 0 0 <. . ;t. g , a Your house may not sit on top of a hill,
,iti - :E. , but to avoid drainage problems, make
I,' 'II, A:'~ '?"'!"~'ii'rL:'" ' � '' sure the ground is graded away from the
(II R {house at a slope of one percent or more
I' on all sides.

ad , .,t f X \ ' 5' '"r .
. ., f k U OR~~~~~~~"'

* : ' : ~ ~~Ii\ : ,

t~>""~;In: Before-Unlandscaped
Larndscaping Strategies A q .J property causes more at YouCan;Do
rainwater runoff, increases
Planting trees is one way you A, )L ) soil and channel erosion and By - ol- wing a few siWmple
~~~~~~"can protect your land and (! delivers unnecessary
can protect your land aria I sediment to local streams and guidelines, you can make your
streams. We all appreciate trees CH ( ).< Y (em lakes. home more attractive and help
for their beauty, but few of us preve
realize that trees help minimize
erosion by reducing runoff while *Maitai a healthy '' awn i
enhancing the appearance and ... . i
value of your property. a.Lnfdsicpe yufr ya ' t
Plants and trees can create mini
"outdoor rooms" in which your U
family can work and play. Well-. Presesiiishtr;
planned landscaping can reduce ghbwhch
heating and cooling costs for help minimize the damage
your house by as much as 30%.
New shrubs and trees may
attract birds and wildlife that eat
harmful insects and other pests.' sh and trees tfo the si:il
Trees, shrubs and ground cover I in yoel i
also require no herbicides and plantso y 'dfthat'',' ned
less maintenance than grass. _ _ wat ering, which increases
Because trees and shrubs also : m -lh -].-I -I surface runoff.
require less fertilizer than grass,
the chances of polluting the river i *Consult a nursery for advice
and bay are lessened. - on which plants, shrubs
All plants require nutrients LL - : and trees will grow well in
and sunlight to flourish. The your yard.
most common mistake peoplei I t -a -yr ad.
make when landscaping their --
yards is to buy plants that need " i1 l
more or less moisture than the
soil provides. Also, plants with
high nutrient requirements will . .; �' ''s,
grow in poor soils only if you -' " � .
apply fertilizer. Plants =
susceptible to insect and disease �', '"' .
problems will flourish only when r
these pests are controlled by ({ / � ?
some biological, chemical or t
mechanical means. By choosing & j[-!,:
plants appropriate to your soils, ',
moisture condition and climate,
you help reduce these potential
problems. Ask a competent,
professional nursery to help you
select plants, trees and shrubs -
appropriate for your yard and
soil type.

After-Landscaping your
yard reduces the erosive
force of rainwater runoff
and increases the value of, .
yourhome. Byplanting ,::
trees, shrubs and ground ' .
cover, you encourage
excess rainwater to filter
slowly into the soil !-T:[__
instead of flowing directly
into storm drains or i 1,i 1 2
Choosing trees and plants >|-[: A F ;
that are appropriate for 1 -t "
that your soil and growing ' " ': { 1 ' --l-
conditions will ensure
beautiful yard. :

-A- 'A -.d&- -.&- -.1116- *1

Permeable Pavement of porous pavement. Redwood attractive, durable surface. if soil drainage is good and where
and treated southern pine are as placed on well-drained soil or there are no problems with
A pavement that allows durable as most other paving on a sand or gravel bed, these bedrock near the surface. Lattice
water to soak in may seem surfaces. Decking allows modular pavers allow rainwater pavers won't work on clay or
impossible, but there are many rainwater to soak into the ground infiltration. Between the pavers, other soils that are already
materials that provide the beneath it. As long as some air plants such as creeping lemon saturated with water.
durability of concrete while space is maintained between the thyme can be grown to crowd If you live in an urban area
allowing rainwater to filter into soil surface and the decking, out weeds and add beauty to the and your paving project involves
the ground. If you are planning wood rot can be minimized. paved area. a sidewalk or driveway apron
a new patio, walkway or if you are installing a new Pre-cast concrete lattice located on the street right-of-
driveway, consider these patio or rebuilding a crumbling pavers also rest on a bed of sand way, you may be required to use
attractive alternatives to sidewalk, you don't need to use and gravel and allow rain to an impermeable material such as
F concrete. the typical slab concrete. Bricks, soak slowly into the ground. concrete. Check with your local
Wood decks, usually interlocking pavers, or flat stones These kinds of paving materials public works department for
installed for their functional can be used to construct an can be used wherever natural more information.
good looks, can serve as a form
What You Can Do

Think about the ultimate
destination of rainwater around
your home and neighborhood.
Consider the kinds of pollution
.. ~~~~~~~~ ~that can be picked up by
rainwater and carried through
Y~~~~~] ~~~ the stormwater collection system
into the river and bay. Take
steps to channel that runoff into
areas where it can filter slowly
P ~~~~~~~~~~~~through the soil, and keep your
stormwater collection system
clean.

. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ *~~~~~~~ Use wood decking, bricks
hi ~~~~~~~~or interlocking stones for
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~walkways and patios.

a Divert rain from paved
Moulr avngmaterials come inmany surfaces onto grass to permit
styles and are made of many materials.grdaabopin
Some allow turf growth on or through
the paver. All modular pavers improve - Never dump motor oil, grass
the infiltration capacity of paved trimmings, leaves, animal
surfaces. waste or other pollutants
-~~~~~~~1~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~into road gutters, storm
drains or catch basins.

y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I p1 l,

C. Managing Lawns and fertilizer applied at the wrong Study your lawn before control measures. Seed mixtures
Gardens time can cause disease and applying any herbicides or should be selected according to
weed problems, poor root insecticides. If you suspect a growing conditions. A mixture
growth, or excessive top growth. problem, ask your County of 70 percent Kentucky
Fertilizers and pesticides For best results, apply fertilizer in Extension Agent for help. The bluegrass, 20 percent fescue,
used on lawns, gardens and late fall when average daily air preferred means to a healthy and 10 percent perennial
farms cause most nonpoint temperatures drop to 500F or less lawn include using sound ryegrass is a well-rounded
source pollution. Agriculture is for 3-5 days in succession. maintenance techniques, combination. In sunny areas,
a major source of these Follow up with a spring especially mowing and seed at a rate of 1.5 pounds per
chemicals, and several federal application in early June. fertilization. 1,000 square feet, and at 2.5
and state programs have been Incorrect fertilization can reduce Lawns can withstand a pounds per 1,000 square feet in
implemented to encourage your lawn's ability to withstand tremendous amount of insect shady areas. Sodding provides
extremes of temperature and activity. Occasionally, insect immediate erosion control, and a
"best management practices" to moisture, and contribute to activity may reach a level at sodded area can be used at least
prevent nutrient and pesticide water pollution. which the use of an insecticide is a month sooner than a seeded
runoff and soil erosion. Here are
considered. Careful spot area. For more information on
similar practices that you can application of insecticides may the types of grasses
apply around your own home. Lawn Pests: be necessary when high recommended for your area, talk
populations are discovered, if to your County Extension Agent.
Most homeowners consider other control methods are not
both weeds and insects to be effective. Do not use
harmful to the lawn, but 90% of insecticides to "prevent"
hMost people want a densea y lthe insects in your lawn are not problems or spray the lawn for
healthy lawn. A healthy lawn harmful. Furthermore, even one or two insects.
not only makes your home more healthy lawns will have some
valuable, but it also has h a th awnsw
valuable, but it also has weeds, which should not be a New Lawns:
important environmental problem unless the turf becomes
benefits. Coupled with trees, weakened and thin. One square If you are creating a new
shrubs, and ground cover, your foot of soil contains up to 5,000 lawn, there are several factors to
lawn can help prevent erosion, weed seeds. Maintaining a consider when deciding whether
moderate summer rheat and act fhealthy lawn is the best way to to use seed or sod. Seeding is
rofas a fter or rainwader from prevent weeds from growing, not initially less expensive but takes
roofs, downspouts and the use of herbicides. longer and may require weed
driveways.

Fertilizing the Lawn:

The nutrients in fertilizers r go
contribute significantly to water
pollution problems. That's why .' ?
it's important to apply fertilizer at -- Jo'
the proper time and rate so that I,
you use no more than is
necessary. Avoid getting
fertilizer on sidewalks and
driveways, where it can easily be
washed into storm drains.
To help ensure you'll have a
healthy lawn, test your soil
before seeding or applying ,_
fertilizers. Call your County
Extension Service for assistance.
Soil tests are inexpensive and
will show how much lime,
phosphorus and potash your
lawn needs.
The numbers on a bag of Il ,,
fertilizer refer to the percentages / '4l
of plant nutrients-nitrogen,
phosphorus and potash-in the
fertilizer. In a 100-pound bag of It ase
a 5-10-10 mixture, for instance, Applying the proper
there would be 5%/(5 pounds) Vie! ' ft amount of fertilizer at the
nitrogen, 10% (10 pounds) proper time ill help to
phosphorus and 10% (10 , .,. .M I create a healthy lawn. A
pounds) potassium. _soil test will tell when
The wrong amount of and if you need fertilizer.

'A_ AHe _U

Watering and Mowing: What You Can Do

Overwatering and mowing Lawns benefit the
too closely are the most sa environment and add to the
common mistakes we make with value and beauty of your home.
our lawns. Once a lawn is Keep these things in mind when
established, water it only during ' planning and maintaining your
very dry periods, giving it only as I '
I :.';~ /�4.~ ,' ~/ yard:
much water as the soil can A \ , ' o
absorb. Moisten the soil to a I',e:-, 1/ / * First, maintain propersoil pH;
depth of six inches, which \ Il 1
pH is a measure of acidity
usually means using about an (lower than 7) and alkalinity
inch of water. Frequent shallow (greaterthan7). NeutralpH
waterings on established turf will is 7. (Generallysoil pH
is 7. (Generally soil pH
cause shallow rooting, invite should be 6.0 to 6.5.)
crabgrass invasion and
encourage disease. Water early; d!76 \f / * Plant the right grass for your
in the day so that your lawn will locale.
dry before sundown; this willt b s I /
also reduce the likelihood of *Testyoursoileverythreeor
disease. Do not water during _ f four years.
midday -it wastes water.
Mowing is crucial to the
Mowing is crucial to the � Use the right fertilizer at the
health of your lawn. According right time.
to turf specialists, mowing height g _.e
is probably the single most * Don't overwater your lawn.
important factor in the formationr
of healthy turf. Bluegrass or Mow to the proper height-this
fescue should be from two to One inch of water in dry i critical to the health of your
four inches in height and cut weather will wet the soil
~~~~fou ~r mches mi ~ hei ght and cut ~to a depth of four to six lawn.
frequently enough that no more inches.
than a third of the leaf area is * Consider using ground cover
removed. Continuous mowing In fact, thatch problems are rare A Word About Lawn plants as well as grass.
below one and a half inches in Wisconsin. But if you choose Services:
tends to weaken turf. to collect your clippings
Leave grass clippings on occasionally, use them as mulch Lawn services are an
your lawn. It's good for your in your flower or vegetable increasingly popular alternative
lawn and saves landfill space, garden. If you can't use grass for lawn maintenance. Many of
not to mention extra work. clippings in your own yard, find the lawn companies follow
Grass clippings decompose a neighbor who can. Some programs that have been
rapidly and return nitrogen to the communities have a composting prescribed by turfgrass specialists
soil, cutta sharpg down fertilize, or costs program that will recycle your and use products that you can
Use a sharp mower blade, or a grass clippings. buy and apply yourself. Misuse
mulching mower If you have of these chemicals can pose
one, for finer clippings that of these chemicals can pose
decompose quickly. Grass health risks to people, pets and
~decompose quic~kl~y. G~rass wildlife around your home.
clippings do not add to "thatch". Herbicide misus e can cause
Herbicide misuse can cause
damage to susceptible plants.
Be sure the company you
choose does a soil test before
applying any fertilizer. Before
signing a lawn care contract,
make sure the company is
reputable, tailors its chemical
use to specific lawn needs,
_.-r, notifies you about the pesticides
Mow your lawn to the they are using, gives you a copy
_,' p', proper height, depending
..~~~~~~~ Z . '? on the type of grass you of the label, has adequately
have. trained personnel, and has
insurance. Only allow use of
pesticides when the company
Bluegrass or Fescue - can show there is a pest problem
is: _ Q I t l . l 1,1 _3 that exceeds the lawn's ability to
=[:) | out-compete the pest.

INCHES

Your Garden topsoil quickly during pesticides can trigger allergic � BT (Bacillus thuringiensis)
rainstorms. Mulch reduces reactions or cause chronic health
Many of us enjoy growing temperature extremes, problems, whereas others say BT is a bacterium
our own vegetables, fruits, evaporation rates and weed that if used properly, pesticides particularly effective against leaf-
flowers and herbs. By using the problems. Besides mulching, pose no significant risks to eating caterpillars. It kills them
right gardening techniques, you consider close plantings of human health unless a person is by paralyzing their digestive
can produce plants to be proud different, but compatible, plant exposed to too much either tracts.
of while preserving the soil and species to make the most out of through a large exposure (such
its fertility, enhancing the your garden area and reduce as a spill) or through small Dormant Oil Sprays
absorption of rainfall and weeds and evaporation rates. exposures over a long period of Oil sprays can be used
protecting streams from time, particularly if no protective during the dormant seasdn,
sediments and chemicals. Winter cover crops are clothing is used. which is usually early April
To get the most out of your highly recommended for before new growth appears. Oil
garden, it's important to pick the vegetable plots. Annual Rye Some pesticides that were sprays control scale insects, red
right spot for planting. Choose a grass is suitable for fall planting once widely used have now spider mites, mealybugs, and
sunny location with good natural (two to three pounds of seed per been banned or restricted. These aphids on shrubs, evergreens,
drainage. Plant your garden on 1000 square feet of ground). include DDT, chlordane, aldrin, woody plants, fruit trees, shade
a level site, avoid sloping areas The cover crop holds the soil heptachlor, dieldrin, silvex, and trees, azaleas, roses and other
and drainage channels, which let during the winter, breaks up pest 2, 4, 5-T. Not all pesticides that ornamentals. Apply the oil
topsoil wash away during heavy cycles, and adds organic matter are available on the market have according to label directions,
rains, to the soil when it is turned been fully tested for avoiding injury to desirable
under the following spring. You environmental and health plants. Timing is very important,
Dealing With Slopes can also plant shrubs or small effects. It is important to be so call your County Extension
trees as windbreaks around the extremely careful in handling Horticultural Agent for more
If your garden has to be garden to control wind erosion pesticides and to use safe details.
located on a slope, you can use in sandy areas, alternatives wherever possible.
the same techniques that farmers
use on hilly fields to ensure good Commercial fertilizers are When used according to
crops. Plant across the slope, designed to supplement the label instructions, the following
not up and down the hill. This nutrients already present in your two products are less toxic to the
way, each row acts as a ridge to soil. (See the section on lawns environment than other
trap rainfall and eroding soil. for more detailed information on commercially available
Contour planting prevents soil which fertilizer or combination products. The products are
and plant nutrients from washing of fertilizers is right for the soil in available at larger garden stores.
downhill. On long slopes, it's a your garden.) Use a soil test kit
good idea to have strips of grass to find out what your soil
that also run perpendicular to requires before you apply any
the slope. This helps keep the fertilizer or contact your County
rainwater and soil where it Extension Agent for soil testing
belongs by forcing runoff to slow information.
down and soak in. Slopes can
also be terraced for gardens. In Too much fertilizer can
addition, ground cover or wild damage roots, and the excess Mulch cuts down on weeds and
fl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ct owesan b lne on steeds and
flowers can be planted on steep can run off and lead to water he need for water Mulch can be
slopes to beautify the landscape pollution. For best results, s-aw grass clippings, wood
and stabilize the soil, always apply commercial leaves, or black plastic.
fertilizers according to the soil
Enhancing Soil Fertility test report or directions on the
bag if a test is not available.
Many garden soils can
benefit from the addition of Pesticides and Pest
organic matter and other Management
nutrients. Composted vegetable
scraps, grass cuttings and leaves To many homeowners, pest
are excellent sources of both, control is synonymous with "'
and the more that goes in your chemicals, and quick eradication
compost pile, the less that goes is the goal. "Pesticides" is an
into our crowded landfills. umbrella term that includes
Mulching can also add nutrients, herbicides, insecticides,
make the soil more workable, fungicides, and rodenticides.
aid rainwater penetration and Designed to kill "pests," this big
improve the moisture-retaining family of chemicals can also be
capacity of the soil. dangerous to human health and
the environment. There is
You should also mulch to considerable controversy about
minimize bare, exposed soil in the potential risks associated
your garden. Unprotected with some pesticides. Some
ground can lose nutrients and health experts believe that

ONNA

Integrated Pest . Handle minor pest problems * Keep old sacks, baskets, * Make sure people and
Management by hand weeding and decaying vegetables and other pets are out of the area
destroying insects and rubbish that may harbor during application and
The following are strategies removing diseased plant parts. insects and disease out of the until the spray has dried,
The following are strategies
that prevent large pest garden. or longer if indicated by
populations with minimal use of � Encourage ladybugs, praying the label.
chemicals. When used mantises, lacewing larvae and * Time plantings to avoid the
systematically, these strategies other insects that eat garden peak of insect infestations. For * Cover or remove
are sometimes referred to as pests. example, plant cabbage or exposed foods, fish
Integrated Pest Management * Rotate crops so that the same broccoli early or late to avoid tanks, pet food and
(IPM).� Rotate crops so that the same the peak of cabbage maggot water dishes during and
or a related crop does not emergence. Keep a record of after application.
* Use pest-resistant flowers, occupy the same area every the date insect problems occur
plants and vegetables year. Repeated plantings for future reference. * Never apply pesticides
whenever possible. encourage insect infestation near wells, streams,
and the build-up of soil * Inspect plants for egg clusters, ponds or marshes unless
diseases. caterpillars, and other insects the instructions
early each morning. Hand- specifically allow for
pick such pests and destroy such use.
them. The squash borer can
sometimes be cut out of the * Never apply to bare
stems with a sharp knife, ground or eroded areas.
providing you cut parallel to When it rains, many
the stem and no more than pesticides bind tightly to
halfway through. the soil and can be
carried along with
e Dislodge pests with a spray of sediments to storm
water. This works with sewers and streams.
aphids, red spider mites and
mealybugs. Construct insect * Don't apply if rain is
barriers. Place screens over forecast, unless such
the plants or wrap aluminum application is otherwise
foil around the plant base to specified on the label.
limit cutworm damage. Some pesticides do need
to be watered-in after
,/,~"/~:, ;- '"~,~/' " * If you're having slug problems, application.
place flat boards next to the
(",.. '~~ ,,' plants. After the slugs crawl * Choose the least toxic
under the boards to escape pesticide. All pesticides
sunlight, lift the boards and have precautionary
// destroy the slugs. statements on the label;
the signal word
* Use mulches to reduce weed "warning" indicates
problems and conserve higher toxicity than
moisture. "caution." Avoid
pesticides with the
I / I., * If you do use pesticides as a words "danger" and
final alternative, follow the "poison" if possible.
directions on the label
carefully, and observe the
following precautions:

* Wash your hands
immediately after
applying the pesticide.

/E�> /a~t,/gw< * Use selective products
rather than products that
kill a wide range of pests.
Some insects will eat
garden pests, precluding * Apply only the amount
the need for chemical specified on the label,
pesticides. Examples of and only to the plants
"good" bugs are ladybugs, and areas listed in the
praying mantises,
�5' . 5/ <7lacewings, soldier beetles, instructions.
tiger beetles, and the
larvae of lightning bugs.

> A _ _ _ __ _ jIt_ _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _ AL IN

Storing and Disposing of Leftover pesticides and their Sewage treatment plants cannot
Pesticides: IQI containers should never be break down pesticides or
/ ~~~~buried in your yard, burned, or neutralize the pesticide's harmful
Pesticides can seriously poured down the drain, toilet, or effects, septic systems can be
contaminate the environment if V-' Cstorm sewer. Such practices may harmed by pesticides as well.
they are spilled. You should , -allow the hazardous chemicals The best method for safely
store unused pesticides in an ,~ to mnove directly into waterways disposing of pesticides is to buy
area away fromn living areas. The where they can harm fish and only as much as you plan to use
place you choose should have a wildlife. If you have leftover within a two-year period, and to
cement floor and be well lighted pesticides, consider giving them use them up according to label
and ventilated, insulated from KY ~ .2 J to a neighbor, as long as they are instructions.
temperature extremes, out of in original containers and Federal law now requires that
direct sunlight and out of a . registered in Wisconsin. if you pesticides made for home use be
child's reach. For example, a cannot give them away, use labeled as to the appropriate
locked metal cabinet in your "'~ ~themn according to label disposal method. Again, it is
garage is usually a good storage directions. essential that you read the label
place for pesticides. Always When a pesticide container is carefully and follow its
keep pest control products in -' empty, fill it up with water and directions. Consult your County
their original containers with spray the rinse water onto the Extension Agent for guidance in
labels intact. Most pesticides original application area. Do disposal of older pesticides with
stored under these conditions this three times; otherwise unreadable labels.
should remain effective for two chemical residues may remain in Several counties in Wisconsin
years, although this varies the container. have organized "Clean Sweep"
widely. Dispose of empty, triple-rinsed collection days for unwanted
If a pesticide leaks or is spilled pesticide containers as instructed household pesticides and other
in the garage, on the driveway or a . n the label. Small containers hazardous wastes. Contact your
on other outdoor areas, do not can be wrapped in layers of County Solid Waste Department
hose down the spill. This will t~ newspaper or in a plastic bag to learn if such pickups are
cause further contamination and and placed in the garbage on the planned in your county. These
may carry the pesticide to storm ,day of pickup. Never burn or pesticides are incinerated at
sewers or other water sources. ~ , ,bury empty pesticide containers. special facilities out of the state,
The best way to clean a small The fumes from burning a disposal method that is the
spill is to: pesticide residues may be toxic, safest available, but which is
* Surround the contaminated and buried containers could leak also extremely expensive.
area with dirt, ~~~~~~~~~~pesticides into your drinking
area with dirt. ~~~~~fe", water.
* Sprinkle kitty litter, ' '
vermiculite, torn newspaper,
or some other absorbent
material over the spill. Pesticides can be toxic to
humans, animals, aquatic
* Shovel or sweep the absorbent organisms, and plants.
material into asturdy plastic Alwa ys read the label
bag and put it in the trash. carefully before using a
pesticide in or around
* Wash down the area (if a your home.
garage floor or other hard
surface) with water or
detergent after removing as -- _
much of the pesticide as
possible.
* When cleaning up a spill,
wear rubber gloves, long
pants, and rubber boots. Keep.
pets and other people away. ~v
You can obtain additional ICNETLWR)G
information on specific II r ~~
pestic ides from the National
Pesticide Telecommunications
Network, 1-800-858-7378 (toll-
free number). V _________
If significant amounts of
pesticide spill directly into water, ..----.-
notify 1-800-TIP-WDNR (847- --
9367), or your local health -.
department. - --

D. Managing Septic The soil needs time to filter Soil examination by a oxygen, particularly in infants
Systems harmful materials out of professional soil scientist can less than 6 months old. Nitrate,
wastewater. "Suitable soils" do provide a more reliable expressed as nitrate-nitrogen, in
Approximately 500,000 not include coarse sand (which assessment of the capacity of soil concentrations exceeding 10
homes in Wisconsin use private permits wastewater to pass to accept wastewater. When parts per million (ppm) has been
septic systems. In areas with through too quickly) or pure clay designing a system, your design reported to cause
sparse populations, properly (which absorbs wastewater too engineer should check the water methemoglobinemia in infants
designed, installed, and slowly). State and local table level to be sure it is at least ("blue baby syndrome"), an
maintained septic systems have regulations that determine what three feet below the bottom of illness in which the infant's
little adverse effect on the constitutes suitable soil have the subsurface disposal area. coloring takes on a bluish cast.
environment. In fact, septic been developed after careful The illness is rare and easily
systems provide the benefit of consideration of many factors Caring For Your Septic reversible once diagnosed, but it
recycling used water to that affect a soil's ability to System is not fully known what health
groundwater supplies. However, adequately treat domestic If your septic system is t effects result from long-term
in areas with dense populations, wastewater. maintained, the groundwater exposure to low levels of
septic systems have resulted in Before a septic system is nitrates. If you rely on a well
csBefore a septic system is may be contaminated with
contamination of lakes built, state laws require a "perk" nitrates. Nitrate is oxidized and septic system, have your
and wells. (percolation) test to determine nitrogen which can interfere well water tested periodically for
(percolation) test to determine nitrogen,which can interfere
how fast the soil absorbs water. with the blood's ability to carry the level is less than the stat
How Do Septic Systems the level is less than the state
Work?
Septic systems have two key
components - a septic tank and a ft
soil absorption system / i v\
(drainfield). The septic tank is a ' - - r , /
container, usually prefabricated
from concrete. It receives
wastewater from your bathroom,J C,,
kitchen and laundry room andl
allows heavier solid particles to
settle and light materials to float
to the surface of the tank. These
materials become sludge and
scum (see diagram). Bacteria in
the system are essential to help
break down organic matter in
the wastewater. Toxic material
should never be flushed to the
tank because toxics can kill the
bacteria.
This process requires time.
To permit enough time for
settling and flotation, regulations
require that septic tanks be sized
according to the expected daily
flow of wastewater from your
home.
The soil absorption system
generally consists of a
distribution box and perforated
distribution lines installed in
subsurface gravel-filled beds or
trenches. The soil absorption
system receives wastewater from
the septic tank and removes
harmful, disease-causing
microorganisms, organic � �
chemicals and nutrients. For this The drainield;or
part of the system to function absor�ion sysent, is Grovel or Crushed Stone
properly, it must be constructed critical to how well your
septic system functions.
carefully in suitable soil. Perforated tile pipes must
be laid in suitable soil
away from tree roots and
manmade structures. The
drainfield must be large
enough to absorb your
home's daily wastewater.

_A, k6I~I&~~bl~~a~bd(d~

standard of 10 ppm. Nitrate-t YuanI~
nitrogen is more than a health
threat - it is an indicator. If the
nitrate-nitrogen concentration is iprtaa n tionin
greater than 10 ppm, other ma
contaminants may also be in the work wellng per
well. time. Th
If the septic system is not ,lenan i
functioning properly, it can also Septic tanks are made of your system running s:o'otly:
release disease-causing bacteria steel or concrete and Know the locationof all;
and viruses. The principal signs must be large enoughto orp iofu sA
of septic system problems are wastewater from yo u r syst Kephayeh
easy to detect - effluent rising to home. Solids settle to the away frothesystemtoprevent
the ground surface, or drains and bottom, light materials soil compaction ;
toilets that operate sluggishly or float on the surace, andter fi l
only the wastewater filters
not at all. Septic system out into the drainfield.
problems can be minimized by
understanding the needs of your I , i th disp.a f i el d
system and observing several * s o hOse ehoil
precautions. chemicals properly - do not
Toxic and hazardous pour them down the toilet or
chemicals should never be drain. They can destroy the
disposed of through your septic bacteria in the septic system
system, as these can disrupt its and contaminate local
functions. Such chemicals groundwater.
include paints, varnishes, n Don't use garbage disposals.
pesticides, solvents and drain- They contribute unnecessary
openers. (See the section in this stewter solids and grease to your
booklet on disposal of septic system.
chemicals.) c Conserve wa ter whenever and
Inert or non-biodegradable wherever possible.
materials also should not be Don't use toilets as trash cans.
disposed of through your septic * Dispose of solid wastes in
system. Examples are cat box your garbage.
litter, disposable diapers, coffee � Monitor your septic tank
grounds, sanitary napkins and yearly and have a reputable
paper towels. These items u ;re mo: e sand
quickly fill up your septic tank, sc vr
decrease its efficiency, and will TmiS heve 2-3 ears
require mor e frequent pumping
of the tank. in
Large quantities of cooking lds fromes ig io and
grease and fats should not be for po the ortion o a
allowed into septic systems. y,
These can contribute to blockages.
within the system. The use of directed away from the disposal Never dispose of septic tank
garbage disposal units should be area to some other area in your sludge near waterways. roots can: clog drai:n lines.
avoided, as these increase the yard. This is also true of A final source of septic Don't connect the ybasement
amount of solids in the septic backwash from water softeners. system malfunctions are sump pump to the septic tank.h
system, requiring more frequent Your yard surface should be problems that occur during -Don't rely n septic tank
pumping. graded so that stormwater drains construction. These include soil additives. There are plenty of
The performance of your away from the septic drainage compaction due to excavation at : ba.ctria in the tan to break
septic system will be improved if field and not toward it. times when soil moisture is high, down materials. Additives do
you cut down on water use so In addition to monitoring pipes laid on improper grades, not eliminate the need for
that a smaller volume of what goes into your system, you incorrect joints and alignments pumping every 2-3 years.
wastewater passes through the will also need to routinely between system components and
system. Water saving inspect and pump out your pipes broken or crushed during
showerheads can be easily system. Systems should be construction. Holding tanks are installed in
installed and may reduce both inspected once a year and rural homes where soils are not
your water use and heating bill. should be pumped out every two Holding Tanks suitable for proper operation of a
Be careful to turn taps off when to three years on the average, conventional septic tank and
not in use, and repair or replace Caution: Toxic gases can A holding tank is just that - drainage field. These watertight
leaking faucets. accumulate in septic systems, so a large container made of steel, tanks are used only for collecting
Your soil absorption system use extreme care when opening concrete or fiberglass, buried and storing household wastes.
will not work well if there is too your septic tank. If you use a next to your house, which No treatment or cleaning of the
much water in the soil. Water service to pump out your system, collects and holds all the wastes takes place inside these
drained from basement floors, make sure the service is licensed wastewater that flows out of your holding tanks. When the tank
footings or roofs should be according to Wisconsin law. home. becomes full, it must be emptied
aw~~~~bcoe ul tmutb mte

and the contents properly 75-100 gallons of water per day a metal "snake" instead of toxic A word about detergents
disposed of so as not to create a for every person living there. chemical cleaners.When you
health hazard or pollute ground Anything you do to cut the feel that it is absolutely One of the most-used home
and surface waters. amount of wastewater flowing necessary to use a product cleaning products is detergent.
It is your responsibility to be into your holding tank will save containing toxic chemicals, Many detergent products used to
sure the wastewater from your you money. some cautions should be contain phosphorus, which
holding tank is properly and observed. Buy only as much of contributed to water quality
legally disposed of. Your For Additional Answers Call: the product as you need, so that problems in lakes and streams.
choices are: you don't have to worry about The detergent industry has
Call a commercial pumper. � County Zoning Administration left-overs. Read the label and responded to this problem by
The pumper will haul the wastes patent of Natural use the product only as directed. developing products that contain
�Department of Natural
to a municipal sewage treatment Resources Area Office Never apply more than the little or no phosphorus.
plant or landspread it in some directions recommend. Although Wisconsin law restricts
areas. 0 Department of Industry Labor Protective clothing and rubber the sale of certain cleaning
You may be able to obtain a and Human Relations gloves may be necessary; good products containing phosphorus,
permit from the DNR to pump ventilation is a must. Some care should be taken to buy
the holding tank yourself andCooperative products become even more products containing the lowest
�County Cooperative Extension
spread the contents on your Service dangerous when mixed with amount of phosphorus available.
field, provided certain conditions others; for example, never mix The product label will clearly tell
are met. chlorine bleach with ammonia you the phosphorus content.
No other methods of E. DISPOSING OF because deadly chlorine gas can
disposal are permitted. HOUSEHOLD result. Home maintenance
CHEMICALS Household chemicals, products
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Houealholzads cm he micalsx
~Health Hazards Many of the products used at especiallypetroleu Among the most toxic
Holding tank wastes may home, such as soaps and based formulas, are household products are those
potentially toxic and not used for home repair and
look and smell much like the detergents, are meant to be readily biodegradable.
animal wastes farmers spread on washed down the drain. These All household chemicals maintenance. Paints,
their fields, but they are different. products are biodegradable and, should be used with care preservatives, strippers, brush
Approximately 40 types of if the wastewater from your cleaners and solvents contain a
viruses and 1,500 types of home is properly treated, pose wide range of chemicals, some
bacteria can live in holding tank no problem to the environment. of which are suspected
carcinogens (cancer-causing
wastes. They can cause However, there are products carcinogens (cancer-causing
hepatitis, meningitis, cholera, commonly found on kitchen substances). These products
should never be put into sewer
salmonella, dysentery and other shelves that are toxic to people
~t ~,,~?-,,~~,~ i~I-~or se ptic systems - in other
illnesses. Health protection is and to the environment. Oven or septic systems - in other
words, never poured down the
everyone's concern. Proper cleaners, floor wax, furniture w
disposal of holding tank wastes polish, drain cleaners and spot drain.
'~;! ~"~;::I; To reduce disposal problems,
is vital to ensure that no one removers are examples. Check To reduce disposal problems,
becomes ill by coming in the labels of products for toxic buy only what you need and
contact with improperly handled components such as lye, always follow the label
wastes. phenols, petroleum distillates .instructions for proper use a nd
Some people are finding that and trichlorobenzene. Products disposal. Using more product
the cost of pumping and containing such chemicals pose than recommended by the label
disposing of the contents of their a potential threat to health, if does not necessarily mean the
holding tanks is a burden. To improperly used, and also product will do a better or faster
avoid the costs, a few are present real environmental job. Used turpentine or brush
emptying their tanks in ways that hazards when improperly cleaner can be filtered and
are endangering health or disposed. Proper disposal of reused. Share unused, unwanted
polluting our waters. these chemicals (usually through paint with neighbors or donate it
high-temperature incineration) ..( \ to drama clubs or housing
service organizations. If
Reducing Your Costs may cost several times as much
Tebsanonylglwy as the original purchase price. __ _recycling paint is not possible,
The best and only legal way The best way to avoid remove the cover and allow the
The best way to avoid !!
to~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!:'i/!i,1;~~ remove the coveran alow thei
to reduce the c of pumping disposal problems is to avoid paint to dry, if possible, before
and disposal is to limit the :u:chasia:prodts i to i placing in the trash. Lead based
amount of wastewater that flows purchasing products with toxc a
ingredients in the first place. It is : , '
into the holding tank. You can: hazardous waste collection site
often possible to use an ::
often possible to use an ~~~~ 4 hazardous waste collection site
Put water conservation aet, or "Clean Sweep" collection.
alternative, nontoxic or less toxic i~ ilfi:!
devices on shower heads and alertivenotoxcla or les Several counties in Wisconsin
faucets. method to clean or polish.organized Clean Sweep"
Wash full loads rather than Ovens, for example, can be c l l ict ona :�for dpf
cleaned by applying table salt to collection days for drop-off of
several smaller ones. cendbapligtlesttohousehold hazardous wastes
spills, then scrubbing with a
Adjust toilet tank float valves which are then sent out of the
solution of baking soda and
so the flushing action uses the water. A combination of lemon State for disposal.
water. A combination of lemon 7
smallest amount of water.s a good Hobby supplies such as
oil and linseed oil makes a good
Make sure leaking faucets furniture polish. Clogged drains photographic chemicals are also
furniture polish. Clogged drains
are repaired. can sometimes be cleaned with hazardous and should not go
An average home uses down the drain.

S '~ ~ ~ ________ ~ >5L ~ ~..,<ORR

Hee re are some alternatives; to :... . . -
hazardous household products: Car care The only recommended
instead of: Use This Alternative: way to dispose of used oil is to
Motor oil, battery acid, put it into a sturdy container,
Silver Polish Soak in boiling water, baking soda, gasoline, car wax, engine such as a plastic milk jug, and
salt and a piece of aluminum foil cleaners, antifreeze, degreasers, take it to a municipal garage or
Oven Cleaner Baking soda and water; salt; or a radiator flushes and rust an oil recycling center. Contact
quarter cup of ammonia overnight preventatives are examples of the County Solid Waste
Toilet Cleaner Toilet brush and baking soda or mild automotive products containing Director or the Wisconsin Dept.
detergent toxic chemicals. Some car of Natural Resources for the
owners do their own location of the waste oil
Disinfectants One-half cup of borax in 1 gallon of maintenance work; 25% collection facility nearest you.
water change their car's oil, and Antifreeze is also a
Drain Cleaner Plunger, metal snake, or flush with many of these people pour the hazardous chemical and can be
one-fourth cup baking soda and used oil down the storm drain. toxic in high concentrations.
boiling water or 2 oz. vinegar You probably wouldn't think of Never pour antifreeze into
Rug and Upholstery Cleaners Dry cornstarch sprinkled on rug and dumping a quart of oil over the septic systems, storm drains,
vacuumed side of a boat, but pouring it streams, or on the ground,
into a storm sewer is exactly where it can enter water
Floor and Furniture Polishes One part lemon oil with two parts the same thing since storm supplies or poison pets and
olive or linseed oil; mineral oil sewers usually lead directly to wildlife. Used antifreeze
with lemon oil or Carnauba wax rivers and lakes. One quart of should be diluted by mixing
Bleach Cleaners Use powdered bleach, not liquid oil can contaminate up to 2 15-20 gallons of water with
Mothballs Cedar chips; newspapers; lavender million gallons of drinking each gallon of antifreeze. It
flowers water. The oil from one engine can then be put down the toilet
Ammonia-based, Cleaners Vinegar or salt and water mixture - four to six quarts - can if it is connected to a municipal
for surfaces; baking soda and water produce an eight-acre oil slick. sewer and treatment plant.
for theibathroom
Powder or Abrasive Cleaners Rubi are'awith halff:lemon dipped in
borax and rinse; baking soda and
mild detergent; e lbow grease
Spot Removers:' Cluwb soda;:immeditecold water;
corn meal and water soak; lemon
j:;-uice .
Window cleaners:''' ;'-' ' '''Wash with vinegar and water and
rub windows with newspapers
Fungicides Do not overwater; keep areas clean,
idry, and ventilated .
House Plant Insecticide Spray on a mixture of bar soap and Oil can be recycled.
.:water, insecticidal soap or old Used oil and antifreeze
-dishwater, and then ri nse should be taken to your
; if l" -, s$ ' L <S>2S';iE ,')'R1 ::zz'; \j5*:: <) ;: E,>S.;t' i.,;kGN;Zoz:A!- ,0:;;-di'h at - �loe Air ;' ,- ;< ;local service station for
Arsenicals (arsenic poisons) Live traps; remove pest food supply recycling. Never hose oil
or antifreeze down into
Garden Insecticides Insecticidal soap; import predators your stormdrain.
suchl as; layugs ar.;id praying mantisi
weed garden and remove plant
debris or wood from garden
Flea Collars and Sprays Pennyroyal ointment; herbal collar; / -
brewers yeast in pet's diet
Roach and Ant Killer For roaches use traps or baking soda7
and powdered sugar mixture; for ants ..
use red chili pepper to discourage _ ''
entry
Rat and Mouse Poison Live traps; cats; chopped bay leaves
and cucumber skins; remove food L";;:
supply
Herbicides Strong hosing or hand weeding, kee (. '
grass mowed properly
Insedt Repellent- : Screens; protective clothing; creams i j

*Refereences: "?i'~The Householdc Hzlrdous Waste Wheel" by
Environmental :dazards Mana'gement Institute and "Don't Poison the
Ones You Love" by-the City ofMadison, Citizens for a Better
Environment and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

a ' : ~~~~~~~~F R , ::' bj''' ii;-;AD '';". ."-.,.ii':'AC,.'i-E^:. ' \.

Disposing of other hazardous automotive products these are being organized, or practice, you will become an
bring a container with you to expert at gauging when your
Brake or transmission fluid Some waste oil recycling stations pick up all litter in sight and tank is full.
take used brake and transmission dispose of it properly. Many of Wisconsin's lakes
fluid. and bays are suffering from the
If you have excess, unused effects of nutrient enrichment,
fluids, store them safely for Boating which contributes to algal
later use or give them to a blooms and oxygen depletion.
neighbor. As a boat owner, you can Human and animal waste
Batteries Bring them to a recycling play a major role in improving contains nutrients in addition to
business. water quality. The first step is to disease-carrying organisms.
understand the potential impact These pollutants can have a
Carburetor cleaner or degreaser Evaporate in an open, well- of your boating activities, serious impact on public health
ventilated area away from Boat wakes contribute to and have resulted in the
flames, children and pets. shoreline erosion. Although this contamination of bathing areas.
Safely store used cleaners for loss of land is a problem for Boaters should know that it is
later use or give them to a shorefront property owners, it illegal to dump raw sewage in
neighbor. also affects boaters. Eroded Wisconsin waters. Use on-shore
Car wax and autobody repair Evaporate in an open, well- sediments create unwanted rest rooms as much as possible
products ventilated area away from shoals, cause shallowing, cut off and always use pump-out
flames, children and pets. light to underwater life and can facilities for emptying holding
Then wrap the remaining dried actually kill larval forms of tanks. Request that your marina
product in newspaper and put aquatic life. All this creates install and maintain adequate
in the garbage. problems for the ecosystem. pump-out facilities. By
To minimize shoreline erosion, minimizing or eliminating the
Safely store unused products taboats should not produce wakes discharge of boat sewage,
for later use, or give them to a within 500 feet of the shore. In boaters will be helping
~~neigbbor. ~many tributaries, a boat speed of Wisconsin waters to survive and
The kinds of household F. MANAGING BOATING only eight miles per hour creates flourish.
a wake with great erosive force. Trash is the most visible kind
toxics described in this chapter AND SWIMMING The impact of your boat's wake of water pollution. You should
should, in general, never be ACTIVITIES on shoreline erosion can be designate a storage area on your
disposed of "down the drain". greatly reduced if you slow boat specifically for trash. Beer
Your drain leads either to a Tourism is an important down before, not after, a speed cans and tabs, styrofoam cups,
home septic system or a industry. In Wisconsin, limit marker. Speed limits were plastic bags, and other debris
municipal treatment plant, recreational boating, swimming designed to protect both you and can trap, injure and kill aquatic
neither of which is designed to and other water activities
the aquatic environment. life. Littering of these materials
completely remove toxic provide countless hours of on land or water is illegal in
chemicals from waste water. At relaxation and enjoyment for Wisconsin. Bring recyclable
least some of the toxics pass ~~~~~~~~~~Wisconsin. Bring recyclable
least some of the toxics pass tourists each year. In addition,
through the treatment process r ivers, lakes and bays provideto a recycling center.
riv~~~~~Cemic ales ond Boay rvd
and end up in a stream, river or spawning and nursery grounds
ground water. for fish, However, there has If the soap you use to wash
ground water. ~~for fish, However, there has
If you have a septic system, been growing concern about r boat contains phosphates, it
be extremely careful not to degrading water quality and its a contribute to excessive algal
dispose of toxic chemicals effects on both public health and growth. Rinse and scrub your
through the system. It can mean eet o th ualboat with a brush after each use
directwcontamination of your environment. Much can be instead of using soap. If your
I direct contamination of your the beauty of the natural itins o
well. environment. Much can be boat is stained, use phosphate-
The products described in done by individual citizens to oa o and e o
this chapter should also never be help protect water quality free soap or laundry detergent to
get it clean. When possible,
poured on the ground or into avoid products that remove
gutters where they will stains and make your boat shine.
eventually enter storm sewers, Swimming They are extremely toxic.
They are extremely toxic.
which generally lead to nearby
streams or lakes. Be sure to clean up all Products with warnings on the
Products with warnig on anthe
You can recycle your wastes, including food leftovers, label can kill or contaminate
unwanted household chemicals packaging and cans and take aquatic life if washed overboard.
by giving them to neighbors or them with you when you leave Fuel overflows from gas
local institutions, such as the beach. Do not allow tanks are dangerous to people
schools, that can use them. You children or pets to urinate or and toxic to fish and other
might initiate an exchange defecate in the water or on the aquatic life. The traditional
program in you neighborhood in beach; take your children to rest method for determining if you
which neighbors circulate a list rooms as often as needed. have a full tank is to look for fuel
of all unwanted paints, solvents, Encourage your municipality to spilled from the tank overflow
cleansers, and so forth. mainuae uply o vent. You can prevent these
If you can't recycle your r manta naes overflows by estimating fuel
r~~~~~~~~oestrfows byd erstimnatingfel
unwanted chemicals, call your aonconsumption relative to your
county's Solid Waste Department along the shore. Participate in c pti lte
for further advice, volunteer clean-up efforts if tank capacity. With a little

_~ an kA 1c apaci_& ty.&- W--ith alttl

Maintaining Your Boat

Large boats are normally
hauled out once a year for
repairs, painting and general
maintenance. Many of the
cleaning, dissolving and painting
agents used for maintenance are
toxic to aquatic life.

Copper and tributyltin (TBT) r- o -
bottom paints, used to prevent " r

TBT is now banned in some
countries. If boats are kept in
dry storage, there should be no
need to use antifouling paints. If
you must use them, use as little
as possible and control the.
amount that enters the water. i
When scraping the boat bottom, )
catch the scrapings with a drop r
cloth. Throw the cloth away .-.
when you're finished. If you X -
don't have a drop cloth, sweep 3 t -
up the scrapings and throw them Boats can damage the
in the trash. evironmen i the at
aren'tused and
maintained with care.
Marina owners and operators Boat wakes cause
can participate in the effort. For shoreline erosion, bottom
example, by installing and paints are toxic, and boat
maintaining a used oil drum, pollution. Follow the
they make it easier to recycle suggestions listed here to
your boat's oil. Marinas also make your boat a non-
provide logical places for the polluter!
distribution of educational
materials to boaters. 14/h~tu Can DO

Swimming Pools ow we
y observig-ow the precautions overboard. Recycle as much
Many of us enjioy the outie i t apter yu
pleasures of a backyard wilglbel h t preserve.t
swimming pool. Pools require Wi:sconsin5 coastal and inland -* Use extreme caution when
substantial doses of chemicals, winters for the enjoyment using leanserspaint, and
especially chlorine, to keep the many moretgenerations. antifouling compounds on
water free of algae and bacteria. boaters, swimmers and water your boat,sand avoid using
If you have to drain your pool, sports enthsia them whenever possible.
take care to prevent the chlorine: 'Drain yor p only when
from contaminating storm drains * Oserveeposted wmarinenessa d thenr
or nearby streams. After speed limits. large expase of lawn S toh
chlorine use, allow the pool large expane f lawn to
water to sit for a few days before ID-o not produce wakes allow the chlorine to
draining. Wherever possible, within et of theshre. dissipae anthe water to
drain your pool onto an expanse filtr slowly trough the soil.
of lawn to take full advantage of * Use phosphate-free
the filtering capacity of the soil. - detergentshen you wash
distrbutyour boati.o a l

Wa Yroour t Candl .

G. CONSERVING WATER What You Can Do
disposal. Disposals use a a bath. Remember, baths can
Water conservation is good Use these simple guidelines to great deal of water and also use 30 to 50 gallons of water.
for more than just the Bay. make sure you aren't wasting add solids to an already Do not let water run in the
Reducing your water use can water without knowing it: overloaded sewer system. sink while shaving, brushing
mean substantial savings on your * Test for a leaking toilet by * Wash clothes only when you your teeth, or lathering your
sewer, energy, and water bills. adding food coloring to the have a full load. Set the face and hands.
For those with septic and tank. Without flushing, note water level control * Water your lawn and wash
holding tanks, conserving water if any color appears in the appropriately. Permanent your car only when
reduces wear and tear on your bowl after 30 minutes. If press cycles may use an absolutely necessary.
system, saves pumping costs, color appears, you have a additional 10 to 20 gallons of * Wash your car on the lawn, if
and requires less energy for leak. water. possible. It prevents
pumping well water. * Check your water meter while � Buy a suds-saver washing phosphorus from washing
Widespread reduction in no water is being used. If the machine when you need to into the storm sewer and also
water usage could reduce the dial moves, you have a leak. buy a new machine. waters your lawn.
need for new or expanded * Run your dishwasher only � Install a water conservation � Wash one section of the car
sewage treatment facilities. If when you have a full load. shower head. It's inexpensive at a time and rinse it quickly.
the amount of water every family Use the cycles with the least and reduces flow by at least Use a hose that is high
uses is reduced, so is the volume number of washes and rinses. 25 percent. pressure, low-volume and
of water entering our sewage * Don't run water continuously * Place two half-gallon plastic has a pistol grip nozzle.
treatment plants. The tax dollars when washing dishes in the bottles filled with water in * Water your lawn during the
saved by not having to expand sink. your toilet tank. This cuts the coolest part of the day to
existing plants can be used to * Add your garbage to the number of gallons used per avoid rapid evaporation.
improve water treatment compost or trash instead of flush from five to four. * Use mulch in your garden to
techniques. putting it down the garbage * Take short showers instead of hold in moisture.
Only four of the 75 to 100
gallons of water we each use
every day are actually necessary.
We can decrease water
consumption in our homes 15 to
20 percent without major
discomfort or expense. All we
have to do is acquire good water .... 1
use habits. Many conservation _
techniques are simple, common -
sense ideas.
The first step in conserving
water around your home is to d
check for and eliminate any I
leaks in faucets, toilets, hoses, I
and pipes. At the water pressure
found in most household
plumbing systems, a 1/32"
opening in a faucet can waste up
to 6,000 gallons of water per
month. A steady drip wastes 20
gallons a day. A leaking toilet X
can waste 200 gallons of water a
day without making a sound. A dripping faucet wastes
Water conservation is as 20 gallons of water every
simple as thinking before you day. That's 6000 gallons
turn on the faucet. Many of us of water a month, 72,000
developed our water use habits gallons in a year!
before the time of water
shortages and the recognition of
water quality problems. Now
that we understand the potential
impact of the way we use water,
it should be easy to make water
conservation a part of our
everyday lives.

____ _ _~ A _ A

H. BECOMING A PART
OF THE PLAN

Getting involved and A speakers bureau has been
keeping informed about put together to be a resource for
environmental problems is easy. groups interested in learning
The Public Education and about the RAP and local water
Participation (PEP) Committee of quality through presentations at
the lower Green Bay/Fox River group meetings.
Remedial Action Plan (RAP) is Work is also underway to
working to provide ways for develop educational displays at
people to get involved and some public access sites along
express their interest and the waterfront. These displays
support. A number of activities will provide information about
have been sponsored or are the RAP and the valuable
being planned. ecological resources this area '-
The first River/Bay Clean-up has to offer.
Day for 1989 was held on Get on the Newsrap mailing
Saturday, April 29. More than list to become informed about
200 people joined together for a special events, public meetings
up Ilitter along the Fox River and more opportunities to learn
Green Bay shorelines. Others about the RAP and get together
got together on their own a few with others who are concerned
days before or after the event to about the shape our local
clean up a site of their choice. A environment will take in the
picnic following the clean-up future.
added to the good feeling. The To get on the Newsrap
River/Bay Clean-up Day is now mailing list, call the
an annual event. Implementation Coordinator of
the PEP Committee is an Adopt-
A-Stream Program. The purpose ' J WLII
of the program is to give people - ~
a chance to understand and
become involved in the water
quality of a favorite stream or
river, in an enjoyable way.A
Some have also adopted
wetlands. An

dvlpdtprvdinformation packet will be
complete, step by step guide to:
conducting a survey of stream
quliy pincluing astremp )~l e
summaries of water quality and
biological activity; 3) identifying
whether the stream shows signs
the causes for that pollution; and
4) reducing that pollution. Most %IA
of all, the Adopt-A-Stream ,W\
and your group or family to
really get to know your favorite
swimming or fishing hole.

IN CONCLUSION

As noted in the introduction,
the control of nonpoint source
pollution rests to a great extent
on you and your involvement as -
a concerned citizen. Those who . r f > -.
contributed to the preparation of - [. L
this handbook hope you will
consider it an invitation to
become an active and vigilant
guardian of the environment in
your own household and
community.

After you read this handbook, l I
recycle it by sharing it with . 1
friends and neighbors. Draw _.- _-"i
their attention to the importance
of this topic as an issue that

By carefully controlling ' 4
chemical use, waste disposal _ ii-
and the course of rainwater
around your own home, yard, ,
neighborhood and community,
you and your neighbors will be
helping to improve our waters '
for all of us to enjoy.

Welcome to the new I
environmental
challenge of nonpoint [
source pollution, in 4
which clean water
begins with you! ;-t

- 6

Boom~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

For additional information on the following topics, contact the
organizations or agencies indicated. Space is provided on the next
page for additional telephone numbers.

CHEMICAL SPILLS AND RELATED EMERGENCIES

� Your local police or county emergency government

* WI Div Emergency Government 608-266-3232

\.-, o'-- \ � Chemical Referral Center 1-800-262-8200 (for answers about
/ , _./ product questions)

* US Nat'l Response Center 1-800-424-8802

* Poison Control Center in your area

LAWNS, GARDENS, AND AGRICULTURE

! � * Cooperative Extension Service Offices
See the County Government listings in your telephone directory to
find the office nearest you.

| � * Soil Conservation Districts
Listed under US Government in your directory.

PESTICIDES

� National Pesticides Telecommunications Network, provides
emergency and general information 1-800-858-7378 (Toll free
number)

PROTECTING STREAM CORRIDORS

* Cooperative Extension Service Offices
Listed under County Government in your directory.

Local WDNR, Water Resources Program
~\ \4\ \ \To set up a program in your own neighborhood for protecting a
local lake or stream.

RECYCLING OR DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS

District Solid Waste Management Officials
Ad <,,, -' )Listed under County Government in your directory.

* WDNR, (608)267-7565

N~ ; :- \ /SEPTIC SYSTEMS

� County sanitarian

* Local health department

* Local - WDNR Wastewater Engineer
' Telephone numbers are listed in your local directory.
r -

I t,

Lake Michigan District
- N

the WDNR, Lake Michigan Distri ct.
��N Jersey 65. N gSr l a ege1st;;, _ he Citi

a D.C. and i by Lew o an Tmt

Knepp. .e text .; adapted forWicosi by.- memer of the

Education .d Par .icipion Commitee numeru staff fr ^ om

I the WDR Lake M an Distc t. Ei C 1 X

~~~~~~~~~�~~~~~~~~-~| tei emiso to adpt the text an ueiustrtionsofth

WN, A'~~~~~~~~~~~~~A~i f DIL: U

GAYLORNN, 3'j

LwrGeBaani Fo ie
~~w . - - I - - -.~~~~~~~~~~~7~
i I~~~~~~~~~~I
~>4%{ ~~*t~ -
~~~4 ~~~~~~ C~~�

4~~~~~~~~~~~~a

CAYLCRD~~~~~~o 53fl -�-

Lower Green Boy ad Fox River , rm
REMDIA ACIO PLAN;-i frIJ C~~-ip�-�-i; I'ii- 1'� �~:�ia:~~~!�~:��;-i�i
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