[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]





             FHWA-SC-EIS-95-01-DS



                                          MARK CLARK EXPRESSWAY
                                       CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA







                                                       DRAFT
                          SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
                                    AND DRAFT SECTION 4(F) EVALUATION



                         Submitted Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(c) and 49 U.S.C. 303 by the
                                         U.S. Department of Transportation
                                          Federal Highway Administration
                                                         and
                                         S.C. Department of Transportation

                                                Cooperating Agencies
                                                  U.S. Coast Guard
                                            U.S. Army Corps of Engineers



             Date                                          S.C. Department of Transportation
             -611t'05                                      %w6w,                               --
             Date'                                         Federal Highway AdmixUstrat-ion



             The following persons may be contacted for additional information concerning this document.

             Mr. Kenneth Myers                             Mr. Kevin Sheppard, P.E.
             Federal Highway Administration                S.C. Department of Transportation
             1835 Assembly Street                          PO Box 191
             Suite 758                                     Columbia, South Carolina 29202
             Columbia, South Carolina 29201                (803) 737-1619
             (803) 253-3881

                     oposed action consists of the construction of a freeway facility from SC 7 (Sam
                    ierg Blvd.) to SC 171 (Folly Road). This facility will cross the Stono River in two
        QH545       is and includes an interchange with Maybank Highway on Johns Island.
           R62
        M37
         1995                                                                         Const. PIN: 13806
                                                                              Project No: NH-5264 (152)











                                                                  SUMMARY


                     Description of Proitct

                     The proposed project is a seven-mile portion of the Mark Clark Expressway between Sam Rittenberg
                     Boulevard (SC 7) and Folly Road (SC 171). It is the last portion of the Charleston Inner Belt
                     Freeway to be constructed, which provides a circular route around the northern and western portion
                     of the Charleston urban area. Because the Environmental Impact Statement for the entire route was
                     approved in 1972, this Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement provides an update and
                     validation of the project location and impacts analysis.

                     The project is proposed to be a four-lane divided freeway with a 48-foot-wide median. The
                     proposed design speed is 65 miles per hour. Much of the route is proposed to be constructed on
                     structure due to two crossings of the Stono River and its associated wetlands. Interchanges would
                     be located at the two project termini and at Maybank Highway (SC 700). A future interchange could
                     be provided near Maybank Highway at the proposed Johns Island Expressway.

                     Other Major Governmental Actions

                     This portion of the Mark Clark Expressway will connect with other completed freeways and with
                     the newly opened James Island Expressway (SC 30). A planning study is currently underway for
                     widening Maybank Highway (SC 700) in connection with replacing the existing Stono River swing
                     bridge. The Mark Clark Expressway is being designed to accommodate both of those actions. The
                     Charleston County Parks and Recreation Commission plans to expand its existing headquarters at
                     James Island County Park. Two of the alternatives for this project conflict with that expansion.

                     Summary of Major Alternatives

                     A preferred corridor was selected from four major corridor alternatives as part of the studies
                     conducted in the late 1960s and early 1970s and documented in the 1972 FEIS. The preferred
                     corridor was determined still to be appropriate during this recent update.

                     The corridor (from south to north) begins at Folly Road north of Camp Road and extends westward
                     across the Stono River, north across Maybank Highway, passing west of Headquarters Island and
                     crossing the Stono River again (See Figure 1-1). The corridor then passes through the Oakland
                     Subdivision to an interchange near the intersection of Savannah Highway and Sam Rittenberg
                     Boulevard.


                     Because of the development of James Island County Park in the preferred corridor, four design
                     alternatives were developed. Three alternatives (Alternates A, C and D) are located on park property
                     between the park's northern boundary and the power line, while the other (Alternate B) avoids the
                     park property. The four alignment alternatives are shown in Figure 111-2.








            CD
                                                                               US Department of Commerc-
                                                                               NOAA Coastal Services
                                                                               2234 South Hobson Aver
           >_                                                                  Charleston, SC 29405-:(-_.L_









                     Summa[y of Major Impacts

                     Completion of the proposed action will provide needed east-west capacity to reduce congestion on
                     arterial streets such as Savannah Highway, Maybank Highway, and Folly Road. It will provide for
                     planned growth on James Island and Johns Island, and will reduce travel cost, congestion and air
                     pollution.

                     The proposed action is compatible with locally adopted land use and transportation plans. Land use
                     changes accelerated by this project would occur primarily in the vicinity of interchanges.

                     Several communities will be impacted by proximity to the project although only eight to eleven
                     residences, five businesses, and potentially a park headquarters would be taken.'

                     No public facilities other than James Island County Park would be adversely affected by the project.
                     The proposed right-of-way would be 800 feet from one school property and 500 to 1,300 feet from
                     another school, depending upon the alternative selected. The project would have a positive overall
                     impact on the region's economy.

                     Alternate A would take approximately 40 acres of property from James Island County Park.
                     Alternates C and D would take approximately 41 acres from the park. In addition, Alternate C
                     would, sever 45 acres and Alternate D would sever 64 acres from the park. A draft Section 4(f)
                     evaluation is included with this document.


                     Noise levels would increase substantially at 65 to 95 residences, and Federal noise abatement criteria
                     would be exceeded at 19 to 31 receptor locations. Two noise barriers are proposed for further
                     consideration, one west of Eastshore Lane and one (for Alternate B only) south of Bradham Road.

                     Approximately 67 to 77 acres of upland habitat (including 19 to 30 acres of man-dominated uses)
                     would be displaced by this project. Additionally, up to 109 acres of wetland habitat would be filled,
                     including up to 62 acres of freshwater wetlands and up to 47 acres of salt marsh and other wetlands
                     under the protection of the South Carolina Coastal Council. No endangered species would be
                     impacted by this project.

                     Areas of Controvern

                     Most of the concerns raised regarding this project are in the area near James Island County Park in
                     which there are four alternatives. Alternates A, C, and D would take park property, while Alternate
                     B would take a house and most of a resident's property and would be near residences on Bradham
                     Road.


                     The amount of wetlands taken by this project is expected to generate some controversy during the
                     permitting process. General agreement on wetland impacts and mitigation will be reached prior to
                     the adoption of a Final Supplemental EIS, and agreement on final design level details will be
                     reached during the permit process.

                     Table S- I summarizes the major impacts of this project.












                                                                         TABLE S-I
                                             ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES
                                                                                           TOTAL ROUTE USING ALTERNATE
                                                                                           A             B            C              D
                     Length (Miles)                                                        7.0           6.9          7.1            7.1
                     Displacements
                           Residences                                                      12            11           10             9
                           Businesses                                                      5             5            5              5
                           Other (Park Offices)                                            1             0            1              0
                     Distance From Murray-Lassaine School                                  1,000.        500'         1,200'         1,300'
                     Noise Impacts
                           Substantial Increase                                            62            93           56             59
                           Exceed Noise Abatement Criteria                                 21            30           19             19
                     Park and Greenway Impacts                                             I             I            I              I
                           Acres of Parkland to be Acquired                                40.3          0            40.9           41.1
                           Acres of Parkland Severed                                       0             0            45.0           64.3
                     Historic Impacts
                           Properties Requiring Additional Work                            1             2            2              2
                     Wetland Impacts (fill only, acres)
                           OCRM Jurisdiction                                               47.1          43.9         46.8           46.8
                           USACOE Jurisdiction                                             57.1          47.7         61.6           62.0
                           Total                                                           104.2         91.6         108.4          108.9
                     Upland Impacts (acres)
                           Live Oak/Mixed Hardwood                                         19.5          20.8         19.0           18.0
                           Pine/Mixed Hardwood                                             17.9          14.1         18.4           19.0
                           Pine Forest                                                     10.4          12.1         10.4           10.4
                           Man-Dominated                                                   19.4          30.2         18.6           19.2
                           Total                                                           67.2          77.2         66.4           66.6
                     Potential Hazardous Material Sites                                    0             0            0              0
                     Construction Costs ($ millions)                                       151.1         150.0        .152.0         152.3
                     Construction Costs for Bridge Alternates($ millions)                  204.5         196.3        206.9          208.1



                        Unresolved Issues with Other Agencies

                        Permits for fill in wetlands and for the Stono River bridges remain to be resolved. A potential
                        Section 4(f) and Section 6(f) involvement will be resolved following the public hearing on this
                        project and the designation of a preferred alternative.

                        Other Federal Actions Required

                        Wetlands have been designated as natural areas worthy of protection from activities which are not
                        in the overall public interest (Section 10 Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 [et seq.] and Section 404
                        of PL92-500). Alterations to jurisdictional wetlands such as fill for roadways, bridge approaches
                        and artificial drainage patterns require permits from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE),
                        Charleston District, and the Ocean and Coastal Resources Management (OCRM), as well as Section
                        401 water quality certification from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
                        Control (SCDHEQ.









                     Structures in, on, or over the navigable waters of the United States, including the Stono River, are
                     regulated by Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and require construction permits. The
                     construction of bridges and causeways in or over navigable waters is also subject to the permit
                     provisions of Section 9 of the same act. Because of a written agreement between the USACOE and
                     U.S. Coast Guard as well as nationwide permits issued by the USACOE, duplication of both permit
                     requirements contained in the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 is frequently, but not always, avoided
                     for the construction of bridges. However, discharges of dredged or fill material associated with the
                     construction. of causeways or bridge approaches can subject a project to the separate permit
                     requirements of both agencies. The General Bridge Act of 1946, as amended, is the authority for
                     construction, maintenance'and operation of bridges. The Coast Guard has the authority and
                     responsibility to issue bridge permits.









































                                                                      iv











                                                    TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                                                          Poge

                   1. Purpose and Need   .............................................................         1-1
                          A. Project Status ..........................................................         1-1
                          B. Capacity and Transportation Demand      .....................................     1-1
                          C. Modal Interrelationships   ................................................       1-2
                          A Economic Development       .................................................       1-2
                          E. Summary of Need for Action     .............................................      1-2


                   H. Alternatives ............................. ...................................          H-1


                   III. Affected Environment    .....................................................        M-1
                          A.  Population and Demographics     .........................................      M-1
                          B.  Existing Land Use  ....................................................        IH-1
                          C.  Parks and Recreation   .................................................       M-2
                          D.  Natural Resources  ....................................................        M-2
                          E.  Ambient Noise   .......................................................        M-4
                          F.  Ambient Air Quality   ..................................................       M-6
                          G.  Potential Hazardous Material Sites   .....................................     111-6
                          H.  Prime and Important Farmlands     .......................................      M-8
                          1.  Floodplain  ..........................................................         M-8
                          J.  Cultural Resources  ...................................................        HI-8


                   IV. Environmental Consequences      ...............................................       IV-1
                          A.  Land Use and Transportation Planning    ..................................     IV-1
                          B.  Social Impacts  .......................................................        IV-2
                          C.  Economic Impacts    ...................................................        IV-4
                          D.  Relocations   .........................................................        IV-4
                          E.  Visual Impacts  .......................................................        IV-5
                          F.  Air Quality  ..........................................................        IV-6
                          G.  Noise ... ...........................................................          IV-6
                          H.  Natural Resources   ...................................................        IV- 9
                          1.  Farmland    .........................................................          IV-20
                          J.  Potential Hazardous Material Sites   ....................................      IV-20
                          K.  Historic and Archaeological Sites  ......................................      IV-20
                          L.  Rivers and Harbors    .................................................        IV-21
                          M. Construction Impacts     ...............................................        IV-25
                          N.  Relationship between Short-term Uses of Man's
                              Environment and the Maintenance and Enhancement
                              of Long-term Productivity  ............................................        IV-26
                          0.  Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources    .................   IV-27
                          P.  Summary Comparison of Alternatives     ..................................      IV-27







                                                                        V









                                                       TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)


                    V.    Draft Section 4(f)/6(t) Evaluation   ............................................        V-1
                          A. James Island County Park      ..............................................          V-1
                          B. West Ashley Bikeway South      .............................................          V-6

                    VI.   List of Preparers   ........................................................           VI-1

                    VII.  List of Agencies, Organizations, and Persons to
                          Whom Copies of the Statement are Sent       ...................................        VH-1


                    VH1.  Comments and Coordination       .............................................        VIII-1
                          A. Agencies and Organizations      ..........................................        VIH-1
                          B. Public Meetings    .....................................................          VIII-4
                          C. Public Hearing     .....................................................          V111-4


                    IX.   Index  ..................................................................              IX-1


                    Appendix A - Agency Responses

                    Appendix B -- Protected Speci  es Listing






























                                                                         Vi











                                                             LIST OF FIGURES



                   Figure No.         Title                                                  Following Page No

                   1-1                Project Location ...............................................        1-2
                   IH-1               Census Tract Boundaries  ..................    ....................  M-2
                   M-2                Existing Land Use   ............................................     M-2
                   M-3                Biotic Communities   ...........................................     M-2

                   M-4                Jurisdictional Wetlands  .......................................     M-4
                   M-5                Noise Sampling Sites  ..........................................     M-6
                   HI-6               Underground Storage Tank Locations     ...........................   M-8
                   IV-1               Candidate Mitigation Sites  ...................................     1V-18
                   IV-2               Marinas and Moveable Bridges   ................................     IV-20
                   V-1                Impact to James Island County Park    .............................    V-2
                   V-2                Impact to West Ashley Greenway    ................................     V-6




























                                                                Vii











                                                             LIST OF TABLES



                    Table No.              Title                                                        Page No.
                    Table 1-1              Existing Traffic Volumes and Levels of Service      ...................      1-2
                    Table M-1              Historical and Projected Population      ...........................      M-1

                    Table HI-2             Noise Abatement Criteria     ....................................         HI-4
                    Table M-3              Sum m*ary of Existing Noise Levels    .............................       M-5
                    Table M-4              Summary of EPA and SCDHEC
                                           Ambient Air Quality Standards       ...............................       M-6
                    Table IV-1             Number of Displacements for the
                                           Construction Alternatives    ....................................         IV-5

                    Table IV-2             Summary of Noise Impact      ....................................         IV-7
                    Table IV-3             Noise Barrier Analysis    .......................................         IV-8
                    Table IV-4             Upland Impacts     .....................................         .......  IV-9
                    Table IV-5A            Wetland Impacts - Embankment Alternate           ...................     11.V-14
                    Table IV-511           Wetland Impacts - Bridge Alternate        ...........................    IIV-15
                    Table IV-6             Candidate Mitigation Sites     ..................................        IV-16

                    Table IV-7             Local Marinas in the Stono River/Charleston Area       ..............    IV-22

                    Table IV-8             Moveable Bridges in the Charleston Area      ......................      IV-24
                    Table IV-9             Environmental Comparison of Alternatives        ....................     IIV-28
                    Table V-1              Noise Impacts in James Island County Park       ......................      V-4


























                                                                     viii










                                                                    CHAPTERI
                                                              PURPOSE AND NEED


                      A. Project Status

                      The Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the Charleston Inner Belt Freeway (Mark
                      Clark Expressway) was approved by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in May 1972. This
                      document updates the FEIS for the seven-mile portion of the Mark Clark Expressway between Sam
                      Rittenberg Boulevard and.Folly Road to reflect changes in land use and demographics, refinements
                      to the selected corridor, and changes in statutory requirements. This segment, which is included in
                      the Charleston Area Transportation Study (CHATS) long-range transportation plan, is the last to be
                      constructed in a system including the Inner Belt Freeway, the continuation across the Cooper River
                      to Mount Pleasant as the Mark Clark Expressway, and the James Island Expressway from Folly
                      Road across the Ashley River to the Charleston peninsula. It provides an important freeway link
                      between the terminus of 1-526 at Sam Rittenberg Boulevard and Savannah Highway, and James
                      Island Expressway at Folly Road. These freeways are shown in Figure 1- 1.

                      B. CaRacfty and Transportation Demand

                      Major arterial streets in the vicinity of the project currently carry volumes exceeding their capacities.
                      Such streets that would have traffic diverted to the proposed expressway include Savannah Highway,
                      Ashley River Road, St. Andrews Boulevard, Folly Road, and Maybank Highway. Table 1-1
                      compares the average daily traffic volumes carried by those roads in 1990 with their capacities.

                      With projected growth in the Charleston region, these volumes would increase substantially and the
                      level of service would worsen without either major improvements to those streets or construction
                      of the proposed expressway. The Mark Clark Expressway between Sam Rittenberg Boulevard and
                      Savannah Highway is projected to carry between 40,000 and 50,000 vehicles per day in 2015. This
                      traffic demand would exist with or without the proposed highway, and would have to be served on
                      existing roads if the highway were not built.

                      The existing roads in the project area would require substantial widening to accommodate projected
                      traffic volumes without the project. Such widening would be extremely expensive and disruptive
                      due to the extensive commercial and residential development along these arterial streets. Even with
                      such widening, traffic would be carried at relatively slow speeds, with frequent stops at traffic
                      signals. Many more accidents could result due to conflicts (at-grade intersections and driveway
                      openings) present on arterial roads that do not exist on freeways. Additionally, auto exhaust
                      emissions are far higher under such stop-and-go circumstances than under smooth flow on freeways.












                                                                  TABLE 1-1
                                    EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND LEVELS OF SERVICE


                                                                               Through                         Level of
                       Road Seement                            ADT               Lanes         Cagacity         Service
                       Savannah Highway
                          West of Sam Rittenberg Blvd.         36,197              6           56,000               C
                          East of Sam Rittenberg Blvd.         56,189              4           37,000               F
                          West of Folly Road                   45,000              4           37,000               F
                       Ashley River Road
                          East of Sam Rittenberg Blvd.         27,252              4           37,000               C
                       St. Andrews Blvd.
                          South of Ashley River Rd.            41,806              4           37,000               F
                       Folly Road
                          South of Savannah Hwy                54,975              6           56,000               E
                          South of Maybank Hwy                 42,436              4           37,000               F
                       Maybank Highway
                          West of Folly Rd.                    22,666              4           37,000               C
                          West of Riverland Rd.                15,542              2           16,000               E
                              Source: 1990 average daily traffic (ADT) volumes from CHATS



                     C. Modal Interr      elationships

                     While designed primarily to connect other highways of regional importance, the Mark Clark
                     Expressway will provide an important connection from James Island and Johns Island to the
                     Charleston Airport. The expressway will also provide a freeway connection between western
                     Charleston, Johns Island, and James Island to port facilities in the City of Charleston, via the James
                     Island Expressway.

                     D. Economic DeveloRment

                     North Charleston is expected to have continued growth in employment, commercial development,
                     and housing, while James Island and Johns Island will have increased residential development. The
                     proposed expressway will link these areas, helping to serve this planned growth and connect housing
                     and employment growth areas.

                     E. Summary of Need for Action

                     The proposed action is compatible with local, regional, and statewide planning. It has been a portion
                     of an approved corridor for over 20 years, and has been shown on local and state plans since that
                     time.


                     The project will improve travel conditions for motorists in the areas south and west of central
                     Charleston by providing a safe, high-speed route that will relieve existing routes that already operate
                     under extremely congested conditions during peak traffic hours. Without this project, conditions
                     on existing roads will worsen, causing increased motorist delays, user cost, accidents, and air
                     pollution.



                                                                       1-2









                     LEGEND


                    EXISTING INTERCHANGE



                    PROPOSEDINTERCHANGE


                    PROJECT CORRIDOR






                                                                             ASHLEY



                                                                                 A


                                             CA&
                                              84                       SLVD.


                                                                     C.0         CHARLE       ON

                       lp






                                                                              us@17

                               4f
                                                                                       SC 30)
                                 700
                   ME
                       ............



                          ... ........ .                            114


                                                       C
                                                         f   AL





                     JOHNS
                     ISLAND                                          JAMES
                                                                     ISLAND              Not to wale


                                         MARK CLARK                   PROJECT LOCATION
                                         EXPRESSWAY









                            route would serve the existing and future development in the southern and western Charleston
                       area by providing a safe, direct route between residences, business, and public facilities. Economic
                       development would continue in this growing portion of the urbanized area with adequate
                       transportation to serve it. The route would decrease total travel in the region, in terms of hours spent
                       travelling, allowing time for people to pursue other activities.

                       In summary, this route will help to fulfill local, regional, and state transportation goals; will increase
                       safety; will save energy; will improve overall urban mobility; will help to improve air quality; will
                       serve and promote existing and planned development; and will help to maintain the quality of life
                       in Charleston.

























































                                                                           1-3










                                                                  CHAPTER 11
                                                               ALTERNATIVES



                      In 1972, the South Carolina State Highway Department (now the Department of Transportation)
                      produced a Final Environmental Impact Statement, approved May 18, 1972, which examined
                      corridor alternatives for the proposed Mark Clark Expressway. In developing alternative concepts
                      for a roadway facility, several options were considered. These options included consideration of
                      several roadway cross-sections, access control types, bridge types, bridge lengths, and design speeds,
                      as well as route locations to serve traffic demand and yet minimize environmental, social, and
                      financial impact.

                      A number of alternative routes and route segments were developed, from which four corridor
                      alternatives were identified. Two of the proposed corridors began at Folly Road near Grimball Road
                      on James Island and extended northerly between the Stono River and Folly Road. Both alignments
                      crossed Wappoo Creek, extended through St. Andrews, and tied back in near Savage Road. These
                      alternatives were not feasible due to the displacement of many residences. The other two
                      alternatives began at Folly Road north of Camp Road and extended westward crossing the Stono
                      River and northward to Maybank Highway. Both alternatives then crossed the Stono River again.
                      One extended northerly between Myrtle Grove and Sylcope subdivisions to an interchange with
                      Savannah Highway near Savage Road, while the other alternative crossed the Stono River in a more
                      easterly location and extended through Oakland Subdivision and Dupont Area subdivision to an
                      interchange with Savannah Highway at Sam Rittenberg Boulevard.

                      The selected corridor alternative was the Eastern Alternative, which crosses the Stono River in two
                      locations, extends through the Oakland Subdivision to Savannah Highway at Sam Rittenberg
                      Boulevard. That corridor selection was re-examined during this study and was determined still to
                      be appropriate. The other corridors are even more highly developed than they were in the early
                      1.970s. No other corridors were found to be superior to the selected corridor.

                      The selected corridor alternative has been refined as part of this Supplemental Environmental Impact
                      Statement. Since the corridor was selected in 1972, the 640-acre James Island County Park has been
                      acquired and largely developed within and alongside the corridor, with future plans for additional
                      park development. Since Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966 prohibits the
                      taking of park land if other prudent and feasible alternatives are present, an alternative alignment
                      within the corridor that avoids the park property has been developed. In addition, two modifications
                      of the original alignment have been developed that could reduce impact to the park Thus, four
                      design alternatives, all within the original corridor approved in 1972, are under consideration in the
                      vicinity of the park.

                      The four alternative alignments generally cover the eastern portion of the approved corridor between
                      Folly Road and Maybank Highway. The alternatives separate about 2,200 feet southwest of Folly
                      Road and join together at a common point west of the Stono River and about 3,000 feet east of
                      Maybank Highway.

                      Alternate C is the original alignment established in 1972. It is parallel to a power line right-of-way,
                      with its centerline located 370 feet north of the power line towers. (This alignment actually
                      preceded construction of the power line, which was constructed south of and parallel to the proposed
                      right-of-way.) A second alternative (Alternate B) avoids park property completely, traversing









                     property approximately 500 feet north of the park. Alternate A modifies the original alternative by
                     shifting it to the north slightly so that the northern right-of-way line coincides with the park's
                     northern property line, thereby avoiding privately-held parcels adjacent to the park and also
                     minimizing damage to the park by not severing any park property outside the right-of-way. This
                     shift was developed in consultation with park officials. Alternate D is another variation of the
                     original alignment, which shifts the right-of-way to the south so that it is adjacent to the power line
                     right-of-way, with the centerline 245 feet from the towers. The Section 4 (f) implications of
                     Alternatives A, C, and D are discussed in Chapter V.























































                                                                       11-2










                                                                CHAPTER III
                                                       AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT



                      A. Population and DemograpkiLcs

                      Of the ten largest cities in South Carolina, three are in Charleston County. Charleston ranks as the
                      second-largest, North Charleston as the third-largest, and Mt. Pleasant as the eighth-largest in the
                      state. Charleston County'@ population and economy have displayed steady growth during the recent
                      years. Overall, the population in Charleston County grew from 276,974 in 1980 to 295,039 in 1990,
                      for an increase of 6.5%. More specifically, from 1980 to 1990, the West Ashley population
                      increased by 14.3%, the James Island population increased by 12.8%, and the Johns Island
                      population increased by 13.7%. Table 111-1 indicates the historical population trend for Charleston
                      County.



                                                            TABLE III-1
                                        HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED POPULATION


                                           West            James            Johns       Charleston
                      Year                 AshLey          Island           Island        Coun1y

                      1980                 51,738          25,962           5,004         276,974

                      1990                 59,122          29,284           5,690         295,039

                      1995                 61,462          30,199           5,883         305,800

                      2000*                63,895          31,143           6,083         314,200
                      *Projected
                       Source:    South Carolina Budget and Control Board General Population and Housing
                                  Data, BCD Council of Governments


                      The proposed Mark Clark Expressway will begin in James Island, travel through a portion of Johns
                      Island, and terminate in the West Ashley area. More specifically, the alignment will pass through
                      Census tracts 28, 21.01, 19.01, 19.02, and a small portion of 21.02 (see Figure 111-1). In 1990,
                      Census tract 28 in West Ashley was 89% white and 10% black with a 72% owner occupied rate.
                      Census tracts 19.01 and 19.02 on James Island were 82% white, 18% black, and had 68% and 47%
                      owner occupied rates, respectively. Census tract 21.01 on Johns Island was 60% white and 39%
                      black and had an 83% owner occupied rate. In 1990, the median home value was $80,100 in Census
                      tract 28, $64,600 in Census tract 19.01, $89,300 in Census tract 19.02, and $51,900 in Census tract
                      21.01.


                      B. Existing Land Use

                      Existing land use in the study area is shown in Figure 111-2. Commercial and multi-family
                      residential developments predominate near the project's southern terminus at Folly Road.
                      Emmanuel-Morris-Brown-Ebenezer Apartments, a primarily minority apartment complex, is located









                     near the corridor. Several greenhouses that have already been purchased by SCDOT are located
                     nearby within the study corridor. Along the rest of the corridor on James Island, existing
                     development is largely low-density or rural, including a minority community along Bradham Road,
                     Murray-Lassaine Elementary School west of Riverland Drive, James Island County Park, and
                     scattered dwellings off Riley Road.

                     Across the Stono    River on Johns Island, Headquarters Plantation subdivision is located near the
                     center of the study corridor. This subdivision, consisting of large single-family homes, is only
                     partially built. The remainder of the corridor on Johns Island passes through largely undeveloped
                     land.


                     Crossing the Stono River again to the West Ashley area, the new Citadel Woods subdivision and the
                     older Oakland subdivision are located near the study corridor, as well as Waterway South
                     Condominiums. The northern project terminus with Savannah Highway at Sam Rittenberg
                     Boulevard is surrounded by commercial uses. Citadel Mall and adjacent commercial uses are just
                     north of the project near Sam Rittenberg Boulevard. Advantage Auto Parts, Food Lion shopping
                     center, and a self-storage center are near the study corridor. Mother Care Day School, St. John's
                     Episcopal Church, and Oakland Elementary School are located west of the corridor off Arlington
                     Drive.


                     C. Parks and Recreation


                     Mark Clark Expressway is proposed to cross the West Ashley Greenway. The route follows an
                     abandoned railroad right-of-way south of Savannah Highway. The Commissioners of Public Works
                     of the City of Charleston own the path, which is used by walkers, joggers, and bicyclists, as well as
                     for a utility right-of-way. The property is leased to the City of Charleston.

                     James Island County Park, located off Riverland Drive, is owned and operated by the Charleston
                     County Parks and Recreation Commission. This 640-acre park includes camping areas, a conference
                     center, rental cottages, picnic areas, playgrounds, bike paths, and hiking trails.


                     D. Natural Resources


                     1. Biotic Communities
                     Nine biotic community types have been identified within the project area. Each of the community
                     habitats are described according to their plant and animal constituents in the Natural Resources
                     Technical Memorandum for the Mark Clark Expresswgy SuI2121emental EIS (CZR, Inc., December
                     1994). The biotic community types occurring in the project consist of low marsh, high marsh,
                     brackish marsh, live oak/hardwood mixed, pine/hardwood mixed, pine forest, oak hammock, man-
                     dominated and open water (fresh and salt). The communities are shown in Figure 111-3. The biotic
                     communities are categorized as uplands or wetlands and assigned a qualitative ranking using the
                     U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Category numerations.


                     2. Wetlands
                     Wetlands have been designated as natural areas worthy of protection from activities which are not
                     in the overall public interest (Section 10 River and Harbor Act of 1899 [et seq.] and Section 404 of
                     PL92-500). Wetlands are considered sensitive habitats due to such functions and values as
                     providing essential breeding, rearing, and feeding grounds for many species of fish and wildlife;
                     recreation; flood protection; and pollution control. Alterations to jurisdictional wetlands such as fill


                                                                       111-2







                LEGEND

               EXISTING INTERCHANGE


               PROPOSEDINTERCHANGE
           0                                                              4p


               PROJECT CORRIDOR



               CENSUS TRACT BOUNDARY
       (19.02  CENSUS TRACT NUMBER
                                                            ASHLEY



                    WEST ASHLEY


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                                                               CHARLE    ON








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                 ISLAND              1*0              JAMES
                                 00 100               ISLAND         Not to scale


                                MARK CLARK              CENSUS TRACT
                                EXPRESSWAY               BOUNDARIES









                                                                                                                            MARK CLARK
                                                                                                                             EXPRESSWAY
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                                                                                                                         Charleston, South Carollna


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                                                                                                                                                   EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                                                Chadesion, South Calollne
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                                                                                                                                      EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                                   Chadeston, ScWh Coviina



                                                                                                                                   BIOTIC COMMUNTIES

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                                                                                                                          MARK CLARK
                                                                                                                          EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                       Charleston, South Carolina
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                                                                                                                       BIOTIC COMMUNITIES


                                                                        f.                                                    FIGURE 111-3
                                                                                                      4w

                                                                                                                              LEGEND
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                                                                                                                         LOW MARSH
                                                                                                                     LM
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                                                                                                           HM OIGH MARSH
                                                                                                                                       Charleston, South Carolina
                                                                                                           LH LIVE OAKINA DWOODS MIXED
                                                                                                           p
                 AW                                                                                        H PINE/HARDWOODS MIXED
                                                                                                           PF PINE FOREST
                                                                                                                                               BIOTIC
                                                                                                           ON OAK HAMMOCK
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                                                                                                                                           COMMUNITIES
                                                                                                           OW OPEN WATER
                                                                                                              200 0        400
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                                                                                                                           EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                        Charleston, South Carolina


                                                                                                                        BIOTIC C 3MMUNITIES



                                                                                                                               14GUM 111-3


                                                                                                                               LEGEN

                                                                                                                        BM BRACKISH MARSH
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                       for roadways, bridge approaches, and artificial drainage patterns may require permits from the U.S.
                       Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE), Charleston District, and the Ocean and Coastal Resources
                       Management (OCRM), as well as Section 401 water quality certification from the South Carolina
                       Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC).

                       Wetland boundaries in the vicinity of the proposed highway corridor have been identified and
                       mapped according to jurisdictions. The proposed road alignment and improvements cross the
                       following wetland habitats: low marsh, high marsh, brackish marsh, live oak/hardwood mixed,
                       pine/hardwood mixed, pine forest, oak hammock, and open water. Wetlands identified as Critical
                       Area (CA) are tidal salt marsh wetlands under the permit jurisdiction of the OCRM. Freshwater
                       wetlands within the permit jurisdiction of the USACOE are delineated as freshwater wetlands (W).
                       These wetland areas are shown in Figure 111-4.

                       3. Endangered and Threatened Species
                       The project is within the historical range of 25 federally listed endangered, threatened, or candidate
                       species potentially occurring within Charleston County. Literature reviews and coordination with
                       wildlife resource agencies (Appendix B) provided the base data collection. Field investigations were
                       performed for each potential habitat in the project corridor during the most active season for the
                       majority of target species. Habitat descriptions, locations, and results of the evaluation are presented
                       in Appendix B.

                       4. Water Quality
                       An evaluation of surface water quality data indicated no contraventions of state water quality
                       standards for pH or temperature for stations in the Stono River near the project. Dissolved oxygen
                       levels for some stations in the study area were below the state minimum quality criteria; however,
                       levels were indicative of natural estuarine systems.

                       The Stono River within the project area is classified as SFH (shellfish harvesting water - tidal salt
                       waters protected for shellfish harvesting) as of October 10, 1991 Regulations 61-68 and 61-69 Water
                       Classification and Standards and Classified Waters (SCDHEC 1991). The SCDHEC has currently
                       designated the project area as "restricted" for shellfish harvesting. This classification is due to
                       localized water quality concerns and prohibits shellfish harvesting for direct consumption.

                       5. Water Body Modification
                       Surface waters of the project area consist of the Stono River, two tidal creeks, two open water ponds
                       of three acres or less in size, two man-made drainage ditches, and one canal. The Stono River is
                       navigable via a maintained and marked channel and is used for recreation. The mouth of the river
                       is subject to shoaling and is used by local fishermen and some recreational boaters. The portion of
                       the river west of the Wappoo Cut is part of the Intracoastal Waterway and is used for interstate
                       commerce. The proposed project crosses the Stono River twice, at approximately I I and 14 miles
                       from its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost bridge crosses the Intracoastal Waterway.
                       The riverine ecosystem of the Stono River may be further classified as an intertidal estuarine
                       subsystem based on tidal changes, vegetative composition, and proximity to the ocean inlet. Penny's
                       Creek and James Island Creek are tidal creeks which may also be classified as intertidal estuarine
                       subsystem under the influence of tidal changes. Evidence of channel dredging in these tidal creeks
                       has been observed. Additionally, numerous shallow, non-navigable tidal creeks wind through the
                       low marshes and empty into the Stono River.




                                                                        111-3











                      6. Coastal Zone
                      The policy of the State of South Carolina under the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
                      is to protect the quality of the coastal environment and to promote the economic and social
                      improvement of the coastal zone. In order to meet Federal and State requirements, the OCRM has
                      established Geographic Areas of Particular Concern (GAPQ in its coastal zone in terms of four
                      broad categories: areas of unique natural resource value, areas offering substantial recreational
                      value, areas where activities depend on proximity to coastal waters, and areas of special historical,
                      archaeological, and cultural significance. GAPC's identified within the project corridor include
                      wetlands, shellfish harvesting areas, endangered or threatened species, groundwater resources,
                      navigational channels, and cultural resources.


                      E. Ambient Noise


                      To determine if highway noise levels are compatible with various land uses, the FHWA has
                      developed noise abatement criteria and procedures to be used in the planning and design of
                      highways. These abatement criteria and procedures are in accordance with Title 23 Code of Federal
                      Regulations (CFR), Part 772, U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), FHWA, Proceduresfor
                      Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise. A summary of the FHWA Noise
                      Abatement Criteria (NAC) for various land uses is presented in Table 111-2.


                                                                          TABLE 111-2
                                                            NOISE ABATEMENT CRITERIA
                                                 Hourly A-Weighted Sound Level -- Decibels (dBA)


                      Category             Leg(h)                  Description of Activi1y Category

                        A                  57                      Lands on which serenity and quiet are of extraordinary significance
                                           (Exterior)              and serve an important public need and where the preservation of
                                                                   those qualities is essential if the area is to continue to serve its
                                                                   intended purpose.

                        B                  67                      Picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sports areas, parks,
                                           (Exterior)              residences, motels, hotels, schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals.
                        C                  72                      Developed lands, properties, or activities not included in Categories
                                           (Exterior)              A or B above.
                        IJ                                         Undeveloped lands.

                        E                  52                      Residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches,
                                           (Interior)              libraries, hospitals, and auditoriums.



                      One   factor for considering traffic noise mitigation is when future noise levels either approach or
                      exceed the criteria levels for each activity category. Title 23 CFR, Section 772.11 (a) states, "In
                      determining and abating traffic noise impacts, primary consideration is to be given to exterior areas.
                      Abatement will usually be necessary only where frequent human use occurs and a lowered noise level
                      would be of benefit." For this project, all of the identified receptors fit within categories B and C.
                      Therefore, Category E was not applicable. No category A receptors were identified.





                                                                               111-4






                                                                                                                       MARK CLARK
                                                                                                                       EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                    Challeston, South Carollna



                                                                                                                                ANDS
                                                                                                            V         JURISDICTIONAL
                                                                                                                          WETL


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                                                                                                                           FIGURE 111-4


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                                                                                                                   U UPLAND
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                                                               AR                                                  CATEGORY (RC) 2 UNLESS OTHERWISE
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                                                                                                                                                            MARK CLARK
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                                                                                                                                                        Charleston, South Carolina
                                             44
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                                                                                                                                                            JURISDICTIONAL
                                                                                     1_4
                                                                                                                                                               WETLANDS


                                                                                                                                                                 FIGURE 111-4


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                                                                                                          LEGEND
                                                                                                   W WETLAND                     MARK CLARK
                                                                                                                                 EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                 CA CRITICAL AREA             Charleston, South Carolina
                                                                                                   U UPLAND

                                                                                                   ALL WETLANDS SHOWN ARE
                                                                                                   RESOURCE CATEGORY
                                                                                                                   (RC) 2       JURISDICTIONAL
                                                                                                   UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED.
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                                                                                                             W WETLAND                          EXPRESSWAY
                   a                                                                                        CA CRITICAL AREA                 Charleston, Souith Carolina
                                                                                                              U UPLAND

                                                                                                              ALL WETLANDS SHOWN ARE
                                                                                                              RESOURCE CATEGORY (RC) 2          JURISDICTIONAL
                                          3N
                                                                                                          b   UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED.
                                                                                                                                                   WETLANDS

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                                                                       en
                                                                                                                                                   EXPRESSWAY
                                                                        al.
                                                                                                                                                Charle", South Carolina

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                                                                                                                                                                                        EXPRESSWAY
                                          M@l                                                                                                                                      Charleston, South Carolina
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                       Noise sensitive areas in the vicinity of the project consist primarily of residential developments. Some
                       of the subdivisions or apartments that could be affected by noise from the expressway include
                       Emmanuel-Morris-Brown-Ebenezer Apartments, Bradham Road, Headquarters Plantation, Waterway
                       South, Eastshore Lane, Air Harbor, Citadel Woods, Oakland, and Oakland Townhouses. Business
                       near the corridor are primarily on Savannah Highway (US 17) and Folly Road (SC 171).
                       Headquarters Plantation is platted but only partially developed. Murray Lassaine Elementary School,
                       James Island County Park, Fenwick Hall Health Center, Oakland Elementary School, and St. Johns
                       Church are also located near the proposed corridor. All of these potentially noise-sensitive uses are
                       shown on Figure 111-2. Field measurements were taken in accordance with FHWA procedures at
                       seventeen locations in or near noise-sensitive areas to determine existing noise levels at receptors
                       along the project. The noise measurement locations are shown on Figure 111-5 and existing noise
                       levels are listed in Table 111-3.



                                                                       TABLE 111-3
                                                      SUMMARY OF EXISTING NOISE LEVELS
                                                                                                                       Existing
                          Number                             Location (close to centerline)                              Level
                                                                                                                      Leg dB(A)
                              1       350 feet east of Arlington Drive, Oakland Townhouses (800 feet from                 51
                                      Savannah Highway)
                              2       300 feet east of Arlington Drive, St. Johns Church (1200 feet from Savannah         50
                                      Highway)
                              3       200 feet east of Eastshore Lane, Citadel Woods Subdivision                          50
                              4       East of Lynwood Drive, Residential Area (300 feet from Eastshore Lane)              52
                              5       West of Northside Drive, at end of cul-de-sac (450 feet from Eastshore Lane)        53
                              6       West of Southshore Lane, at end of cul-de-sac                                       44
                              7       South of Fenwick Ferry Road, at dead end road                                       43
                              8       North of Marshview Circle, County Park                                              46
                              9       South of Bradham Road, Residential Area (900 feet from Riverland Drive)             46
                              10      South of Lucky Road, Murray-Lassaine Elementary School                              47
                                      (500 feet from Riverland Drive)
                              I I     West of Bradham Road, at dead end road                                              48
                              12      North of Delaney Road, at dead end road (900 Feet from Riverland Drive)             46
                              13      South of Central Park Avenue, EME Apartments                                        52
                                      (1,000 feet from Central Park Road, 1,400 feet from Folly Road)
                              14      South of Oak Point Road, at dead end road (900 feet from Folly Road)                53
                              15      55 feet north of Maybank Highway (East of Headquarters Plantation)                  67
                              16      80 feet west of Riverland Drive North of Delaney Drive)                             56
                              17      85 feet east of Folly Road (South of Proposed Mark Clark Expressway                 67


                       Ambient noise is the noise resulting from natural and mechanical sources             and human     activity
                       considered to be usually present in a particular area. The purpose of this information was to quantify
                       the existing acoustic environment, thus providing a base for assessing the impact of noise levels for
                       residences and other noise-sensitive receptors. Differences in the measured noise levels are attributed
                       to variations in site conditions and traffic volumes. For the purpose of impact assessment, a baseline
                       ambient sound level of 45 dBA was established. This level is applicable to the quiet areas of the
                       study corridor where no influence from traffic occurs.

                       Ambient noise levels for all receptors were developed based on the noise levels at the monitored
                       locations. A 4.5 dBA decrease in noise with each doubling of distance was assumed.



                                                                          111-5









                       F. Ambient Air Qualily

                       The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established National Ambient Air Quality
                       Standards (NAAQS) for six pollutants: particulate matter (PM-10), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone
                       (03), sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen dioxide (N02), and lead (Pb). In addition, the South Carolina
                       Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) has established state standards for
                       gaseous fluorides (HF). Monitoring of these pollutants is performed statewide by SCDHEC. Table
                       111-4 is a summary of the EPA and SCDHEC air quality standards. Primary standards were
                       established allowing an adequate margin of safety for protection of public health. Secondary
                       standards were established with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public welfare from
                       adverse effects associated with pollutants in the ambient air. When these standards are exceeded as
                       outlined, an area is labeled as non-attainment for that pollutant.


                                                                    TABLE 111-4
                                                        SUMMARY OF EPA AND SCDHEC
                                                     AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

                                                                            EPA                  EPA
                                                                          Primary               Secondary              SCDHEC
                       Pollutant      Averaging Tim                        Standard             Standards              Standard
                   PM-10              Annual Arithmetic Mean                50 pg/m'            Same as primary        50 pg/m'
                                      24 houra                              150 pg/M3           Same as primary        150 pg/m'
                   so,                Annual Arithmetic Mean                80 pg/M3            None                   80 pg/M3
                                      24 hour'                              365 pg/M3           None                   365 pg/m'
                                      3 hour'                               None                1,300 pg/M3            1,300 pg/m'
                   NO,                Annual Arithmetic Mean                100 Pg/m,           Same as primary        100
                   CO                 8 hour'                               9 ppm               None                   9 ppm
                                      I hour'                               35 ppm              None                   35 ppm
                   0,                 1 houra                               0. 12 ppm           Same as primary        0. 12 ppm
                   Pb                 Quarterly                             1.5 pg/m'           Same as primary        1.5 pg/M3
                                      Arithmetic Mean'                                                                     pg/M3
                   HF                 12 Hour                               None                None                   3.7
                                      24 Hour                               None                None                   2.9 pg/M3
                                      1 week                                None                None                   1.5 pg/ml
                                      I month                               None                None                   0.8 pg/M3
                   a.   Not to be exceeded more than one day per year averaged over a three year period.
                   b.   Not to be exceeded more than once per year.
                   gg/M3    Micrograms per cubic meter of air
                   Mg/M3     Milligrams per cubic meter of air
                   ppm - Parts per million
                   Microgram - One millionth of a gram, where 454 grams = I pound

                   Source:       1989 South Carolina Air Quali1y Annual Report, Volume IX, South Carolina Department of Health
                                 and Environmental Control.




                       G. Potential Hazardous Material Sites


                       Potential hazardous waste sites include generators, treaters, and disposers of hazardous wastes,
                       landfills, sewage treatment facilities, garbage dumps, abandoned service stations with
                       underground storage tanks, fuel oil and gasoline storage tanks, and lagoons.

                       State and local officials were contacted to determine whether hazardous waste sites existed in the
                       project study area. The study corridor was inspected in the field to ascertain the likelihood of


                                                                        111-6






                                                                                                              MARK CLARK
                                                                                                              EXPRESSWAY,
                                                                                                           Charleston, South Carolina



                                                                                                         NOISE SAMPLING SUES
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                                                                                                                                                                                        EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                                                                                   Charleston, South Carolirm



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                                                                                                                                                                                             FIGLWE 111-5
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                                                                                                              MARK CL
                                                                                       NOISE SWPUNG SfTES     EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                            Charleston, South Carolina

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                                                                                                                                  m
                                                                                                       Noisr: SAMPLING srrEs      EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                                Charleston, South CffdIrka

                                                                                                                                 NOISE SAMPLING
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                                                                                                             MARK CLARK
                                                                                                             EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                          Chadeston, South Carolina


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                                                                                                                 FIGUM 111-s


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                                                                                                   t          EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                          Chwleston, South Cardirm
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                        hazardous waste sites. No reported or suspected areas of contamination were encountered. No
                        industries using hazardous materials are believed to exist in the study corridor. However,
                        Charleston Public Works operates the West Ashley sewer pump station which is located just east
                        of the proposed alignment, approximately 1,300 feet south of US 17. This area is contained
                        within the railroad right-of-way. Several businesses with underground storage tanks exist in the
                        study area and are listed below and shown in Figure 111-6.

                        I  Charleston County Police Station           2   Westside Volkswagen, Inc.
                           617 Riverland Dr.                              1980 Savannah Hwy.
                           James Island, SC 29412                         Charleston, SC 29407

                        3  Glidden Coatings & Resins                  4   American Mutual Fire Insurance
                           2020 Savannah Hwy. at Orleans St.              One Soutlipark Circle
                           Charleston, SC 29407                           Charleston, SC 29407

                        5  Stop N' Go # 1                             6   Fuel Express
                           River Rd. and Maybank Hwy.                     707 Dupont Rd.
                           Johns Island, SC 29455                         Charleston, SC 29407

                        7  Bayfront Shell                             8   Charleston Ford Tractor, Inc.
                           772 Folly Rd.                                  2097 Savannah Hwy.
                           Charleston, SC    29412                        Charleston, SC

                        9  Amoco Station                              10  Budget Car and Truck Rental
                           1917 Savannah Hwy.                             Comer of Dupont and Savannah Hwy.
                           Charleston, SC 29407                           Charleston, SC 29407


                        11 Hess Station                               12  Exxon Station
                           2245 Savannah Hwy.                             2209 Savannah Hwy.
                           Charleston, SC 29407                           Charleston, SC 29407

                        13 Texaco Station                             14  Speedway Service Station #388
                           Comer of Wappoo & Savannah Hwy.                737 Folly Road
                           Charleston, SC 29407                           Charleston, SC 29407



                        Three spills that have been reported near the study area are listed below:

                           S.C. Department of Transportation, Savannah Highway at Savage Road, 7        5 gallons of tar on
                           6-8-88
                           Brigman Foods, Savannah Highway near Savage Road, 100 gallons of diesel fuel on 8-14-89
                           Unknown source, Savannah Highway at Savage Road, 48 gallons of diesel fuel on 7-14-89

                        The results of this survey are based upon preliminary information only and are not intended to
                        replace more detailed technical studies which deal with subsurface field investigations. Rather,
                        this information is intended for use as a guide in identifying potential hazardous materials sites
                        which may require technical studies to determine the existence of contamination prior to right-of-
                        way acquisition or utility construction. Finally, it should be noted that hazardous materials sites
                        may extend beyond those identified in this survey because of limited historical information and


                                                                        111-7








                     illegal dumping practices. In addition, some of the small farms within the study area may contain
                     individual underground storage tanks, previously undetected. The sources which have been
                     reviewed to gather the hazardous materials information are listed below:

                         S.C. DHEC - Spills Inventory Report
                         S.C. DHEC - Underground Storage Tank Information
                         S.C. DHEC - Hazardous Waste Activities Reported in South Carolina for 1990
                         State CERCLA Site Inventory
                         RCRA Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities in South Carolina
                         National/State Priority List Sites

                     H. Prime and Important Farmlands

                     Farmland is classified by the Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA) as either prime farmland,
                     state and locally important farmland, or other lands. Because all of the study area is planned for
                     urban uses, the provisions of the FPPA do not apply.

                     1. Floodplain

                     Flood Insurance Studies prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) have
                     designated much of Charleston County as floodplain. The project location is totally within
                     designated floodplain with the exception of the northern terminus which is between limits of the
                     100-year flood and the 500-year flood. The majority of the project length is in Zone V5 with the
                     remainder divided between Zones B, A5, and AT

                     Zone VS is defined as areas of I 00-year coastal flood with velocity (wave action), with base flood
                     elevations and flood hazard factors determined. Flooding of much of the study area is coastal
                     flooding, caused by storm surge from the Atlantic Ocean, and does not relate to runoff.

                     Zone B is defined as one of the following:
                         Areas between the limits of the I 00-year flood and 500-year flood.
                         Certain areas subject to I 00-year flooding with average depths less than one foot or where
                         the contributing drainage area is less than one square mile.
                         Areas protected by levees from the base flood.

                     Zones A5 and A7 are defined as areas of 100-year flood, with base flood elevations and flood
                     hazard factors determined.


                     J. Cultural Resources


                     During the summer of 1992 and early 1993, a multi-task investigation of the cultural resources
                     was conducted for this project, in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic
                     Preservation Act. Three tasks were completed: a historic architectural survey and evaluation,
                     a remote sensing underwater investigation of the two Stono River crossings, and a terrestrial
                     archeological survey of the two original alternatives, A and B. A detailed description of the
                     survey and results is included in the technical memorandum: An Architectural, Underwater
                     Archaeological, and Terrestrial Archaeological Survey of the Mark Clark Expressway Project
                     US Highway 17 to Folly Beach Road (New South Associates, April 1993). This report was
                     revised in September 1994 to include additional testing for Alternates C and D.

                                                                    111-8






                                                                                                                         MARK CLARK
                                                                                                                          EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                             A
                                                                                                                       Chafteston, South Carolina


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                                                                                                                        TANK LOCATIONS
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                                                                                                                             EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                          Charleston, South Carolina

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                                                                                                                        EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                      Charleston, South Carolina


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                                                                                                                                                                                                               EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Charleston, South Carolina


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                                                                                                                                                                                                             TANK LOCATIONS


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                                                                                                                         EXPRESSWAY
                                                                                                                      Charle", South Carolina
                                                                               4
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                       Early coordination with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) was accomplished during
                       the scoping process (see letter dated 20 May, 1992 in Appendix A.) Coordination continued
                       during preparation of the technical memorandum. SHPO approved the original report on July
                       23, 1993 (see letter in Appendix A.)

                       Fenwick Hall, a 1730 two-story Georgian brick building, is listed on the National Register of
                       Historic Places. Nine acres of property were listed on the nomination form, although the site
                       boundaries were not delineated. The building site has been modified extensively to include
                       parking and tennis courts. The building is 2,800 feet from the proposed expressway and 2,000
                       feet from the closest interchange ramp at Maybank Highway.

                       The architectural survey encountered seven houses in the vicinity of Riverland Drive that are over
                       50 years old. These houses appear to be part of an African-American community dating from
                       the early twentieth century. They have been determined not to be eligible for the National
                       Register of Historic Places, individually and as a district.

                       The underwater survey included a 1,000-foot-wide corridor at each proposed Stono River
                       crossing. Documentary research conducted prior to the survey revealed no recorded underwater
                       sites in the project area. Magnetic and acoustic remote sensing was used along the crossing. One
                       potentially historic object was found in the south crossing of the Stono near Alternate C. This
                       object appears to be a 60-foot-long boat. If Alternate C is selected and if the site is impacted,
                       additional investigation of this object is recommended to determine its eligibility for the National
                       Register.

                       The terrestrial survey located several cultural resources, three of which may require further work.
                       One (38CHI 146) is a causeway associated with Fenwick Hall, a National Register site, which
                       is intact and considered to be eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.

                       Avoidance of this site is recommended, or data recovery if avoidance is impossible. The second
                       (3 8CH 1148) is a protohistoric to twentieth-century site located at Riverland Drive on James
                       Island in the Alternate B alignment that is potentially eligible for the National Register. Further
                       work is recommended at the site to determine its eligibility. The third site (38CHI 150) is a late
                       eighteenth to nineteenth century domestic site. It would also require further testing to determine
                       this site's eligibility for the National Register.





















                                                                        111-9











                                                                  CHAPTERIV
                                                   ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

                        This chapter presents the probable social, economic, and environmental effects of the proposed
                        action for the alternatives selected for more detailed study. Direct and indirect (secondary)
                        environmental consequences of these altematives are presented. The impacts described in this
                        chapter include land use and transportation planning, social impacts, economic impacts, and
                        visual impacts as well as impacts on the natural environment. Also, construction impacts, the
                        relationship between short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and
                        enhancement of long-term productivity, and irreversible and irretrievable commitments of
                        resources are discussed as environmental consequences.

                        A. Land Use and Transportation Planning

                        The 1988 Johns Island Plan indicates that existing and future land use in the study area is almost
                        strictly residential. The majority of the area is zoned C, which is a conservation district that
                        pen-nits one residential unit per 1.5 acres. The purpose of this district is largely to "retain areas
                        unlikely to develop in the reasonable near future." The proposed interchange of Mark Clark
                        Expressway with Maybank Highway, which is zoned GO (General Office) and DR9 (Diverse
                        Residential), is the only part of Johns Island near the highway likely to have commercial
                        development.

                        The plan also recommends that the Mark Clark Expressway from Sam Rittenberg Boulevard to
                        Folly Road be completed within ten years. The reasons given for this recommendation are that
                        Charleston County has the highest number of traffic accidents and fatalities in South Carolina and
                        that many of the existing road facilities in the study area are over capacity.

                        The portion of James Island adjacent to the Stono River is largely zoned residential and for
                        recreational use and open space (the James Island County Park is located in this tract). The area
                        near the interchange of Mark Clark Expressway and Folly Road is zoned primarily for
                        commercial, office, and residential uses.

                        The 1987 James Island Land Use Policy Recommendations recommends that the Mark Clark
                        Expressway from Sam Rittenberg Boulevard to Folly Road be completed within 10 years.

                        The Mark Clark Expressway has been shown on the CHATS long-range transportation plan since
                        the early 1970's. The original alignment has been revised to provide an alternative that would
                        avoid the James Island County Park. All alternatives generally follow the alignment shown in
                        the transportation plan.

                        Charleston 2000, a comprehensive plan, was adopted in 1991 and provides a long-range guide
                        for decisions about the physical, economic, and social development of the Charleston area over
                        the next ten years. Mark Clark Expressway is compatible with the Charleston 2000 traffic and
                        transportation plan.

                        The proposed altematives are compatible with land use planning and planned economic
                        development. An improved infrastructure often helps attract industry and related development.




                                                                        IV-]









                     Because a large portion of the area to be traversed by this facility is classified as wetlands, while
                     much of the remainder is planned for development (Headquarters Island), future land use changes
                     accelerated by the construction of this highway are expected to be limited to the Savannah
                     Highway area, the Folly Road area, and portions of Johns Island. Local government will be
                     responsible to see that such future development is compatible with the region's land use plan,
                     while state and Federal agencies will enforce regulations that protect wetlands and other
                     environmentally critical areas.

                     B. Social Impacts

                     From Folly Road west, the alignments generally pass between the Laurel Park and Tidal View
                     subdivisions. All four alternatives take an individual residence located adjacent to the marsh on
                     the east side of the river. Alternate A would take two residences on Riley Road, two residences
                     on the south side of Delaney Drive just east of Riverland Drive, and one residence on the east end
                     of Delaney Drive. These residences are associated with a minority community that has existed
                     in this area since the 19th century. Alternate A passes inside and adjacent to the northern
                     boundary of the James Island County Park. Its right-of-way includes a strip of parkland 250 feet
                     wide across the entire northern border of the park. It would take approximately 40 acres of park
                     land, including the park offices located at the northeast comer of the property near Riverland
                     Drive.


                     Alternate B would take one residence on the west side of Riley Road and two residences on the
                     east side of Riverland Drive. It continues just south of and parallel to Bradham Road. Due to
                     the number of dwellings located on Bradham Road adjacent to the proposed alignment, a noise
                     barrier is likely to be provided in this area to mitigate the noise impact of the proposed Alternate
                     B alignment. Alternate B would also take one residence west of Riverland Drive near the edge
                     of the marsh.


                     Alternate C takes one residence on the west, side of Riley Road, one residence on the east side
                     of Riley Road, and one residence on the east side of Riverland Drive. It would take
                     approximately 30 acres of park land, including the park offices located at the northeast comer of
                     the property near Riverland Drive, and would sever another 31 acres of park land.

                     Alternate D takes one residence on the west side of Riley Road and another residence on the east
                     side. It would take approximately 30 acres of park land and would sever another 46 acres.

                     All four alternatives would increase north-south accessibility through the study area. The total
                     project from Folly Road to Sam Rittenberg Boulevard using Altem           ate A would displace I I
                     residences and 40 acres of park property, including the park offices. The total project using
                     Alternate B would displace 10 residences, miss the park property, and pass within 100 to 200 feet
                     of about 16 residences on Bradham Road. The total project using Alternate C would displace
                     nine residences and 41 acres of park property, including the park offices. The total project using
                     Alternate D would displace eight residences and 41 acres of park property, while avoiding the
                     park office.

                     1. Community Facilities
                     Due to improved traffic service, the Mark Clark Expressway will have an overall positive impact
                     on police and fire protection, emergency vehicle access, and school transportation, regardless of



                                                                      IV-2









                       the alternative selected. No churches, libraries, police or fire stations, or other similar public
                       facilities would be taken or adversely affected by the proposed project.

                       2. Schools
                       No school property would be taken by any of the alternatives. The edge of the right-of-way for
                       the proposed alignment would be approximately 800 feet from Oakland Elementary School
                       property. The edge of the right-of-way for Alternate A would be about 1,000 feet from the
                       Murray-Lassaine Elementary School; for Alternate B, approximately 500 feet; for Alternate C,
                       approximately 1,200 feet; and for Alternate D, approximately 1,3 00 feet. None of the alignments
                       would have a substantial noise impact on the school.


                       3. Parks and Recreation
                       Approximately 40.3 acres of James Island County Park property would be taken by Alternate A.
                       Alternate C would take 40.9 acres and sever another 45.0 acres, while Alternate D would take
                       4 1. 1 acres and sever another 64.3 acres. Alternates A and C would both take the park offices,
                       while Alternate D would sever the park offices from the majority of the park property. Alternate
                       B would not take any land from James Island County Park. The right-of-way for Alternate A
                       would pass within 625 feet of the vacation cottages located on the western boundary of the park;
                       Alternate C, within 305 feet; and Alternate D, within 180 feet. Also, the West Ashley Greenway
                       on the abandoned Seaboard Coastline Railroad will be crossed by the northern part of the
                       proposed alignment. An underpass would be provided for the bikeway, either on existing
                       alignment or at Clayton Drive. No other public park land, recreational area, wildlife refuge, or
                       greenway will be taken by any of the alternatives. Accessibility to James Island County Park
                       from the West Ashley area would improve with any alternative.


                       4. Churches
                       The edge of the right-of-way of the northern part of the proposed alignment passes approximately
                       500 feet from St. Johns Episcopal Church and about 700 feet from Charleston Harbor Bible
                       Church, both on Arlington Drive. No churches would be taken by any of the proposed
                       alignments.


                       5. Businesses
                       The greenhouse business near Folly Road, which is owned by the SCDOT and ]eased to the
                       occupants, and several businesses on or near Savannah Highway would be taken by the
                       construction alternatives (see IV.D). Other businesses would be impacted by the project,
                       particularly with the widening of Savannah Highway and Skylark Road near the interchange.
                       These impacts include property taking and some access revisions. The overall impact of the
                       Mark Clark Expressway would be positive for businesses in the project area because of the ability
                       to serve increased traffic and improve access to southwest Charleston County, particularly Johns
                       Island and James Island. It would also provide benefits for the entire Charleston urban area.

                       6. Safety
                       Construction alternatives would have an overall positive impact on highway safety in Charleston
                       and Charleston County due to traffic being diverted from less safe arterial streets to a safer,
                       controlled access highway.

                       7. Bicycle Impacts
                       Each construction alternative will benefit bicycle traffic by diverting major traffic volumes,
                       including most trucks, from existing surface arterials and collectors within the project area. The


                                                                      IV-3









                      proposed expressway is a control-of-access freeway on which bicycles will not be permitted. An
                      underpass at the Eastshore Lane crossing will provide cyclists in the Oakland subdivision and
                      surrounding areas continued access to Oakland Elementary School and to the rest of the
                      community. Similarly, the overpass at Riverland Road will maintain access to adjacent areas for
                      bicyclists. The West Ashley Greenway, located on the northern abandoned railroad tracks
                      parallel to andjust south of Savannah Highway, will be crossed by the Mark Clark Expressway.
                      An underpass will be provided to maintain the bikeway traffic.

                      C. Economic Impacts

                      Construction of the Mark Clark Expressway will affect the region's economy by providing
                      employment during the construction, by removing some land from property tax rolls, and by
                      changing the development potential of other land. On a longer-term basis, the construction
                      alternatives will accelerate planned economic development in southern Charleston County by
                      increasing access; providing a direct, high-speed route for through and local traffic; and relieving
                      congestion on existing streets.

                      The Mark Clark Expressway also would have positive local economic impact by providing
                      improved north-south circulation of traffic in the area, alleviating congestion on existing arterials,
                      providing access at interchanges for commercial and industrial activities, and accommodating
                      growth in southern Charleston County.

                      The ma ority of the construction costs for the project would be spent in the Charleston area by
                             i
                      the contractors and suppliers engaged to build the Expressway.


                      D. Relocations


                      The construction alternatives under consideration will require the relocation of residences and
                      businesses and other land uses within their respective right-of-way limits. Table IV- I compares
                      the relative impacts of the four alternative in terms of the number of residences and businesses
                      taken. The number of households containing minorities, elderly persons, and handicapped
                      persons are also indicated.

                      Between two and five residences would be taken in the Riverland Drive area depending upon the
                      alternative selected. In addition, three residences on Eastshore Drive and two on Arlington Drive
                      would be taken.


                      Five businesses would be taken by any of the alternatives:

                        ï¿½    greenhouses near Folly Road (currently owned by SCDOT)
                        ï¿½    portion of American Storage on Savannah Highway
                        ï¿½    Advantage Auto Parts on Savannah Highway
                        ï¿½    Auto detail shop on Savannah Highway
                        ï¿½    Henry Kuznik's Construction and Real Estate Company on Savannah Highway

                      In addition, four other businesses would be affected by right-of-way acquisition:

                        ï¿½ strip shopping center at 2065 Savannah Highway
                        ï¿½ I st Federal of Charleston Branch on Savannah Highway


                                                                      IV-4









                              Charleston Antiques and Fair on Savannah Highway (Currently vacant)
                              Hardees on Savannah Highway

                       The relocation program will be conducted in accordance with the Federal Uniform Relocation
                       Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, as amended (Public Law 91-646,
                       49 CFR Part 25). The program will provide relocation resources to all residential and business
                       relocatees without discrimination.




                                                             TABLE IV-1

                                             NUMBER OF DISPLACEMENTS FOR THE
                                                 CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVES


                                 Alternative                  Residences           Businesses           Other
                        Savannah Highway to
                        Alternates A, B, C, and D                6(2/0/0)                  4            0
                        Alternate A                              6(5/3/2)                  0            1 (Park Office)
                        Alternate B                              5(3/2/0)                  0            0
                        Alternate C                              4(3/2/2)                  0            1 (Park Office)
                        Alternate D                              3(2/2/1)                  0            0
                        Alternates A, B, C, and D to
                        Folly Road                               0                         1            0
                        Total with Alternate A                   12(7/3/2)                 5            1 (Park Office)
                        Total with Alternate B                   11(5/2/0)                 5            0
                        Total with Alternate C                   10(5/2/2)                 5            1 (Park Office)
                        Total with Alternate D                   9(4/2/1)                  5            0
                                Total residences (Households with minority/elderly/handicapped persons)



                       E. Visual Impacts

                       The general character of the project study area ranges from heavily developed arterial streets and
                       suburban residential subdivisions at the northern end, to undeveloped marshland in the central
                       portion, to scattered residential development at the southern terminal. The views for the traveller
                       offered by the raised roads through the marshland and the two Stono River crossings will be quite
                       pleasing.

                       Each of the construction alternatives will offer opportunities for creating excellent views from
                       the highway. Conversely, each alternative will, to some extent, detract from the existing views
                       of and from neighborhoods and undeveloped wetlands.

                       The northern section will be viewed by residents of the Sylcope, Oakland, Air Harbor, and
                       Edgewater Gardens subdivisions. The raised highway will be particularly visible where it passes
                       through marshland and across the Stono River. Headquarters Island residents will see the
                       highway, and the raised bridges across the Stono River will be visible for long distances across
                       the marsh and river.





                                                                       IV-5









                     Alternates A, C, and D would be visible to some users of the James Island County Park, as well
                     as to residents of the Centerville and Tidal View subdivisions near the terminus at Folly Road.
                     Alternate B would be visible to these same subdivisions, as well as to residents on Bradham
                     Road. It would also be visible from the park due to its elevation across the marshlands north of
                     the park. Alternate D would have the greatest adverse visual impact on the park, due to its
                     location adjacent to the cleared power line right-of-way.

                     The aesthetic quality of the adversely affected areas will be improved by:
                              curvilinear design to blend with landscape
                              landscape planting and natural re-vegetation of the fill slopes
                              structural design with consideration to enhance visual appearance, particularly for the
                              two high bridges crossing the Stono River
                              preservation of existing vegetation, particularly live oaks, to the extent practical

                     F. Air Qualily

                     This project would be consistent with the South Carolina State Air Quality Implementation Plan
                     (SIP), which does not presently contain any transportation control measures (TCMs). Charleston
                     County is currently designated as "attainment" for all automotive related pollutant standards.
                     Therefore, no further studies are deemed necessary.


                     G. Noise


                     An analysis of noise impact on noise sensitive areas, as described in Chapter 111, was conducted
                     for the alternative alignments based on projected 2015 traffic volumes. This analysis includes
                     only residential receptors outside James Island County Park. Noise impacts within the park are
                     discussed in Chapter V.

                     The SCDOT defines a "substantial noise increase" as being a 15 dBA (or greater) increase over
                     ambient noise levels. The northern section of the proposed alignment (between      'SC 7 and the
                     beginning of the two alternatives) Would have 51 receptors with a substantial increase. Combined
                     with the northern section, Alternate A would have 62 substantial increases, Alternate B would
                     have 93, Alternate C would have 56, and Alternate D would have 59 such increases. In addition,
                     combined with the northern section, 21 total receptors for Alternate A, 30 total receptors for
                     Alternate B, and 19 each for Alternates C and D would approach or exceed FHWA noise
                     abatement criteria. This information is summarized in Table IV-2.


                     The noise impact analysis was conducted based on the STAMINA 2.0 model for determining
                     receptors (within 600 feet of the project centerline) that would be impacted during the peak hour
                     of the design year 2015. The barrier locations shown in Figure 111-5 were analyzed. The results
                     of the analysis are given in Table IV-3. Those barriers which would exceed a cost of $15,000 per
                     dwelling unit were removed from consideration. Barrier IA was also removed from
                     consideration because the apartments it would benefit have no outdoor activity areas. The
                     analysis led to the recommendation of two noise barriers in the study area: one would be located
                     west of Eastshore Lane, would be 1,000 feet long and 16 feet high, and would benefit 14
                     receptors; and the other would be located south of Bradham Road (for Alternate B only), would
                     be 1,900 feet long and 13 feet high, and would benefit 20 receptors. If during final design these
                     conditions substantially change, the noise barriers might not be provided. A final decision on the
                     installation of a noise barrier will be made upon completion of the project design and the public


                                                                    IV-6








                        involvement process. The noise impact of the Mark Clark Expressway is described in detail in
                        the Technical Memorandum on Noise Analysis (Kimley-Hom and Associates, Inc., February
                        1993 and January, 1995).




                                                                     TABLE IV-2
                                                         SUMMARY OF NOISE IMPACT
                                                                                                         Ambient         Future
                                                       Exceeds or        Substantial                      Noise          Noise
                                                      Approaches            Noise                         Level          Level
                        Alternative                     Criteria          Increases        Total*         dB(a)          dB(A)
                        Sam Rittenberg Blvd.                18                 51             51          46-52          61-69
                        to Maybank Highway
                        Maybank Highway to                    3                11             11          46-52          61-68
                        Folly Road
                        (Alternate A)
                        Maybank Highway to                  12                 42             44          46-55          61-70
                        Folly Road
                        (Alternate B)
                        Maybank Highway to                    1                  5            5           46-50          63-67
                        Folly Road
                        (Alternate C)
                        Maybank Highway to                    1                  8            8           46-50          63-69
                        Folly Road
                        (Alternate D)
                        Total with
                        Alternate A                         21                 62             62
                        Total with
                        Alternate B                         30                 93             95
                        Total with
                        Alternate C                         19                 56             56
                        Total with
                        Alternate D                         19                 59             59
                          *Excluding Double Counting




























                                                                         IV-7











                                                                    TABLE IV-3
                                                          NOISE BARRIER ANALYSIS
                                                                                                        Number of
                                                                                                        Receptors            Costper
             Barrier                                                                                    w/> 5dBA             Benefitted
             N -0.          Location                    LenLFth         Heieht            Cost           Decrease            Receptor
                            So. of Savannah               400'             18'          $93,960                4             $23,490
                            Hu (US 17@
                            (E gie of R W)
             IA             So. of Savannah               500'             13'          $73,950                10*            $7,395
                            Hu (US 17)
                            (E ge of shoulder)
             2              Eastshore Lane                1450'            16'          $284,780               6             $47,460
                            (Edge of ROW)
             2A             Eastshore Lane                1000,            16'          $196,400               14            $14,030
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             2B             Oakland Subdivision           600'             12'          $79,980                2             $39,990
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             3              Waterway South                600'             20'          $163,980               0             > $163,980
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             4              Bradham Road --               2200'            16'          $432,080               7             $61,725
                            Alt. B
                            (Edge of ROW)
             4A             Bradham Road --               1900,            13'          $281,010               20            $14,050
                            Alt. B
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             413            Bradham Road --               1300'            15'          $230,360               15            $15,360
                            Alt. B
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             5              Delaney Drive --              1200'            20'          $327,960               0             > $327,960
                            Alt. B
                            (Edge of ROW)
             5A             Delaney Drive --              550'             16'          $108,020               2             $54,010
                            Alt. B
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             6              Riverland Dr. to              1500'            16'          $294,600               2             $147,800
                            Riley Rd.
                            Alt.'B (Edge of
                            ROW)
             6A             Riverland Dr. to              400'             20'          $109,320               0             > $109,320
                            Riley Rd.
                            Alt. -B (Edge of
                            shoulder)
             7              Bradham Road --               650'             13'          $96,135                1             $96,135
                            Alt. A
                            (Edge of ROW)
             7A             Bradham Road --               650'             20'          $177,645               0             > $177,645
                            Alt. A
                            (Edge of shoulder)
             8              Delaney Drive -- Alt.         900,             13'          $133,110               0             > $133,110
                            A
                            (Edge of ROW)
                            Delaney Drive -- Alt.         900,             13'          $133,110               1             $133,110
                            (Edge of shoulder)

                                    Multi-family units in apartment complex










                                                                          IV-8











                          H. Natural Resources


                          1. Biotic Communities/Upland Wildlife and Habitat
                          The vegetative or biotic communities that comprise wildlife habitats are described in the Natural
                          Resources Technical Memorandum for the Mark Clark Exl2resswg Su plemental EIS (CZF,
                                                                                                          'Y   12                 1
                          Inc., December 1994). Direct effects of the project on terrestrial and aquatic wildlife resources
                          will consist primarily of habitat displacement. A measure of the impacts to wildlife and their
                          habitat is the amount of direct loss and the quality of the habitat lost. A total of 47.1 to 47.6 acres
                          of forested upland habitats categorized as live oak/hardwoods, pine/hardwoods, and pine forest
                          occur within the project construction limits. About 10.7 to 30.0 acres of the forested native
                          habitats are assigned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Resource Category 2 (habitat of high value to
                          wildlife species). Approximately 26.7 to 36.4 acres of the native forested habitats are considered
                          low or poor quality. Table IV-4 compares upland impacts of the four alternatives.

                          Man-dominated areas such as agricultural fields, power lines, and residential lawns are not
                          suitable as natural habitats for most native wildlife. From 18.6 to 30.2 acres of these man-
                          influenced areas occur throughout the project impact area.


                                                                              TABLE IV-4
                                                                         UPLAND EMPACTS
                                                                                   (acres)
                         Upland Community                                  Alternate            Alternate            Alternate          Alternate
                         Type                                 RC                 A                   B                   C                   D

                         Live Oak/Hardwoods                    2             17.4               10.7                 16.9               15.9

                                                               3               2.1              10.1                   2.1                2.1

                         Pine/Hardwoods                        2               3.8               0                     4.3                4.9

                                                               3             14.1               14.1                 14.1               14.1

                         Pine Forest                           3             10.4               12.1                 10.4               10.4

                         Man Dominated                         4             19.4               30.2                 18.6               19.2

                         TOTALS                                2             21.2               10.7                 21.2               20.8

                                                               3             26.6               36.3                 26.6               26.6

                                                               4             19.4               30.2                 18.6               19.2
                                                             ALL             67.2               77.2                 66.4               66.6
                         RC = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Category


                          Secondary impacts to wildlife include possible kills of immature birds, small mammals,
                          amphibians, and reptiles during construction clearing. The new road location may present an
                          additional travel barrier to animal movements and occasional road kills would be expected.











                                                                                 IV-9













                     2. Wetlands
                     Complete wetland avoidance is not possible due to the nature of the new route location
                     completing the Mark Clark Expressway loop around Charleston through the Stono River basin.
                     Impact of salt marshes and freshwater wetlands were avoided and minimized through alignment
                     location selection to the extent practicable given design constraints. All four alternatives avoid
                     impacts to larger contiguous natural freshwater wetland systems near James Island County Park.
                     Where wetlands cannot be avoided, all practicable measures will be taken to minimize impacts
                     including design and construction techniques. Construction techniques that are proposed to be
                     used to minimize wetland impacts include use of 2:1 fill slopes where feasible, use of a reduced
                     (48-foot) median width, erosion control measures in conformance with 23 CFR 650 (B), and
                     other construction provisions that will minimize wetland loss.

                     Between and adjacent to the high level Stono River bridges, extensive stretches of the planned
                     project will cross salt marsh and freshwater wetland areas. Throughout these areas, located
                     mainly on Johns Island, the minimum elevation is determined by the FEMA designated I 00-year
                     flood levels. The result of such placement is long lengths of level facility located at an elevation
                     of 18-20 feet above mean sea level, and about 15-16 feet above the level of the marsh. These
                     conditions could be accommodated by using either long bridges or continuous embankments
                     placed directly on the marsh.These two bridge length alternatives were evaluated in terms of the
                     amount and type of wetland impacted by each and the cost of each alternative. These issues were
                     also discussed with the permitting agencies during early coordination. (See Chapter VIII.)

                     Three analysis sections were considered. Two major sections are located on Johns Island
                     adjacent to the proposed Maybank Highway interchange. The section located south of Maybank
                     Highway is designated as Johns Island, while the area north of Maybank Highway is called
                     Headquarters Island after a nearby development. The third section analyzed is located on James
                     Island east of the Stono River within James Island County Park. This third section considers
                     bridging only if Alternates A, C, or D are selected for the roadway alignment, as no such
                     extensive wetland areas are located on Alternate B.


                     The Bridge Alternate includes continuous bridges across the marshland areas, thereby providing
                     minimal disruption to the marshes and related tidal inundation. Since bridges are generally
                     supported on piles or drilled shafts, there are no geotechnical restraints on this type of
                     construction.    Although environmental resource agencies prefer bridging to minimize
                     environmental impacts, the construction costs are much higher for bridging. Construction of
                     bridges could have temporary impacts to the wetland areas crossed, depending on the
                     construction technique used. Forested wetlands cleared for bridge construction would require
                     mitigation.

                     The Embankment Alternate is more sensitive to subsurface conditions, since it is a requirement
                     that the underlying soils be competent to handle the weight of the embankment. In addition, care
                     must be taken to provide adequate hydraulic capacity across the project, and localized flows must
                     be anticipated and provided for. Wetland areas impacted by embankment must be mitigated
                     through creation of new wetlands or enhancement of existing wetland areas in a manner and
                     quantity acceptable to the agencies responsible for the issuance of wetland permits.




                                                                     IV-10









                        Environmental studies have determined that the wetland areas impacted by the proposed project
                        are not considered unique or rare nor are they prime or designated critical habitat for endangered
                        species. Because of the large areas of wetland on either side of the potential embankment areas,
                        and because drainage structures would be included to provide for cross drainage, no substantial
                        habitat fragmentation impact would occur.

                        For the purposes of this analysis, the unit costs of wetland mitigation have been assumed to be
                        $2,500 per acre for acquisition, $ 10,000 per acre for enhancement, and $ 10,000 per site per year
                        for monitoring. (A five-year monitoring period is assumed.) All mitigation is assumed to be
                        enhancement of existing wetlands. These figures are approximations used for comparative
                        purposes. Actual costs could vary substantially, depending upon the specific sites selected for
                        mitigation and conditions for the permits. Mitigation ratios are assumed for this analysis to be
                        0.5:1 for clearing of forested wetlands to be bridged, 1: 1 for filling in tidal wetlands, and 2:1 for
                        filling freshwater wetlands. The ratios could also vary from those assumed here. One mitigation
                        site for each type of wetland impacted per study area is assumed.

                        The following summarizes the cost comparison developed for the three separate areas. The
                        detailed analysis of cost and wetland savings was conducted and documented in the technical
                        report Bridge vs. Embankment in Wetland Areas (Kimley-Hom and Associates, Inc., May 1995).
                        Mitigation cost as shown here includes the five-year monitoring period as well as acquisition and
                        enhancement.



                         Johns Island
                         Bridge Alternate
                            Bridge Cost                                            $ 27,526,000
                            Mitigation Cost                                         $     198,000
                            Total Bridge Cost                                      $ 27,724,000

                         Embankment Alternate
                            Roadway Cost                                           $ 6,700,000
                            Mitigation Cost                                        $      824,000
                            Total Embankment Cost                                  $ 7,524,000

                         Additional cost of bridge alternate                     $    20,200,000
                         Additional wetland acreage avoided                           34.4 Acres
                         Cost/acre of wetland avoided by bridging                 $587,000/Acre


                         Headquarters Island
                         Bridge Alternate
                            Bridge Cost                                            $ 32,038,000
                            Mitigation Cost                                         $     101,000
                            Total Bridge Cost                                      $ 32,139,000






                                                                         IV-11











                      Embankment Alternate
                         Roadway Cost                                          $ 7,200,000
                         Mitigation Cost                                       $      686,000
                         Total Embankment Cost                                 $ 7,886,000

                      Additional cost of bridge alternate                      $ 24,253,000
                      Additional wetland acreage avoided                          38.8 Acres
                      Cost/acre of wetland avoided by bridging                $625,000/Acre

                      James Island County Park
                      Bridge Alternate
                         Bridge Cost                                           $ 11,637,000
                         Mitigation Cost                                         $     98,000
                         Total Bridge Cost                                     $ 11,735,000

                      Embankment Alternate
                         Roadway Cost                                          $ 5,100,000
                         Mitigation Cost                                       $     360,000
                         Total Embankment Cost                                 $   5,460,000

                      Additional cost of bridge alternate                      $   6,275,000
                      Additional wetland acreage avoided                          13.1 Acres
                      Cost/acre of wetland avoided by bridging                $479,000/Acre

                      Total Project
                             Bridge Alternate
                             Bridge Cost                                                   $71,201,000
                             Mitigation Cost                                               $    397,000
                             Total Bridge Cost                                             $ 71,598,000


                     Embankment Alternate
                             Roadway Cost                                                  $ 19,000,000
                             Mitigation Cost                                               S 1,870,000
                             Total Embankment Cost                                         $ 20,870,000

                     Additional cost of bridge alternate                                   $50,728,000
                     Additional wetland avoided                                              86.3 Acres
                     Cost/Acre of wetland avoided by bridging                           $588,000/Acre


                     The above comparisons indicate that the cost of the embankment option, consisting of the cost
                     of all embankment items plus estimated probable mitigation costs for the displaced wetland areas,
                     is considerably less than the cost of the bridge option at each location. Further, the cost per acre
                     of wetland impact avoided by the bridge option is extremely high.

                     As the worst case condition, the embankment alternative is included in the summary
                     comparisons of alternatives in this document. The actual lengths of bridges, fill areas, mitigation
                     ratios and techniques, and construction details and techniques will be determined during the
                     permit review process for this project. Tables IV-5A and B compare the wetland impacts of the


                                                                    IV-12








                       four alternative alignments for the entire length of the project, for both embankment and bridge
                       alternatives. Table IV-513 also includes extending bridges over salt marsh areas near Riverland
                       Drive and at the tributary to James Island Creek. The small amount of salt marsh impacted by
                       the bridge alternatives is at the edge of the fill slope for Alternate B and at ramp intersections
                       with Maybank Highway.

                       Unavoidable wetland impacts have been quantified by habitat type and quality. The total
                       unavoidable wetland impacts due to fill for the project are, for the embankment alternative, 104.2
                       acres for Alternate A, and 91.6 acres for Alternate B, 108.4 acres for Alternate C, and 108.9 acres
                       for Alternate D. For the maximum bridge alternatives, the wetland impacts from fill are 17.0
                       acres for Alternate A, and 18.4 acres for Alternate B, 19.4 acres for Alternate C, and 18.6 acres
                       for Alternate D. With the embankment alternatives, the construction on embankment for
                       Alternate A will involve 47.1 acres of salt marsh wetlands and 57.1 acres of freshwater wetlands,
                       while Alternate B will involve 43.9 acres of salt marsh wetlands and 47.7 acres of freshwater
                       wetlands, Alternate C will involve 46.8 acres of salt marsh wetlands and 61.6 acres of freshwater
                       wetlands, and Alternate D will involve 46.8 acres of salt marsh wetlands and 62.0 acres of
                       freshwater wetlands. Additionally 3.0 to 3.8 acres of forested freshwater wetlands would be
                       impacted by clearing only for bridge construction.

                       In addition to the greater quantity of wetlands impacted by Alternates A, C, and D, the salt marsh
                       areas impacted by those alternatives are associated with more complex drainage patterns than
                       those impacted by Alternate B. Freshwater forested wetlands in Alternate A, C, and D are also
                       of greater quality and quantity than in Alternate B.

                       Compensation as a mitigation measure for unavoidable wetland impacts involves preserving,
                       enhancing, restoring, or creating wetlands to replace the functions and values of wetlands lost.
                       The South Carolina Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration are
                       committed to achieving no net loss of wetland functions and values. The general habitat
                       functions and values of impacted wetlands will be replaced through wetland mitigation and will
                       involve the regulatory agencies in the planning process. Mitigation design determinations will
                       be made during the permit phase for the selected alignment using the U.S. Army Corps of
                       Engineers' Wetland Evaluation Technique (WET 2.0). The F14WA sponsored document A Guide
                       to Wetland Functional Design (A.D. Marble, 1990) will be employed in the design of the
                       Wetland Mitigation Plan. Twenty-one candidate mitigation sites have been identified. These
                       sites are listed and briefly described in Table IV-6, and are shown in Figure IV- 1.

                       Based upon the above considerations, it appears that there is no practicable alternative to the
                       proposed construction in wetlands and that the proposed action includes all practicable measures
                       to minimize harm to wetlands which may result from such use.

                       Several early coordination efforts have been conducted regarding the project's potential impact
                       on wetlands. A summary of the key points discussed at these meetings may be found in section
                       VIII-A .












                                                                      IV-13













                                                                          TABLE IV-5A
                                                  WETLAND IMPACT - EMBANKMENT ALTERNATE
                                                                          (Acres of Fill)

                  Wetland
                  Community                                   Resource           Alternate         Alternate         Alternate         Alternate
                  Type                         Agency         Category                A                B                C .                 D

                  Low Marsh                    OCRM                2                  22.4              20.2                22.1             22.7

                  High Marsh                   OCRM                2                  15.1              14.1                15.2             14.6

                  Brackish Marsh               OCRM                2                    9.1               9.1               9.1                9.1

                  Live Oak                     COE                 2                  33.4              32.6                39.2             41.1

                                                                   3                    0.9               0.0               1.1                0.0

                  Pine/Hardwoods               COE                 2                  10.8                3.4               9.6                9.4

                                                                   3                    1.8               1.8               1.8                1.8

                  Pine Forest                  COE                 2                    2.6               2.6               2.6                2.6

                  Oak Hammock                  COE                 2                    2.4               2.2               2.2                2.2

                  Open Water (Fresh)           COE                 2                    1.9               1.9               1.8                1.7

                                                                   3                    0.9               0.9               0.9                0.9

                  Open Water (Salt)            OCRM                2                    0.4               0.4               0.4                0.4

                  Man Dominated                COE                 3                    2.4               2.4               2.4                2.4


                  Subtotal                     COE                 2                  51.1              42.7                55.4             57.0


                  Subtotal                     COE                 3                    6.0               5.1               6.2                5.1


                  Subtotal                     COE                All                 57.1              47.7                61.6             62.0


                  Subtotal                     OCRM                2                  47.1              43.9                46.8             46.8

                  Subtotal                     All                 2                  98.2              86.5              102.2              103.8

                  Subtotal                     All                 3                    6.0               5.1               .6.2               5.1

                  Total                        All                All                 104.2             91.6              108.4              108.9

                  COE     US Army Corps of Engineers                          OCRM = SC Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
















                                                                            IV- 14












                                                                            TABLE IV-511
                                                          WETLAND IMPACT - BRIDGE ALTERNATE
                     Wetland                                                 (Acres of fill)
                     community                                   Resource           Alternate         Alternate         Alternate         Alternate
                     Type                        Agency          Category               A                 B                 C                  D

                     Low Marsh                   OCRM                 2                    0.0              0.9               0.0                0.2

                     High Marsh                  OCRM                 2                    1.4              1.4               1.4                1.4

                     Brackish Marsh              OCRM                 2                    0.0              0.0               0.0                0.0

                     Live Oak                    COE                  2                    8.9             10.3              11.3               11.4

                                                                      3                    0.9              0.0               1.1                0.0

                     Pine/Hardwoods              COE                  2                    0.0              0.0               0.0                0.0

                                                                      3                    1.8              1.8               1.8                1.8

                     Pine Forest                 COE                  2                    0.0              0.0               0.0                0.0

                     Oak Hammock                 COE                  2                    0.0              0.0               0.0                0.0

                     Open Water (Fresh)          COE                  2                    1.9              1.9               1.8                1.7

                                                                      3                    0.9              0.9               0.9                0.9

                     Open Water (Salt)           OCRM                 2                    0.0              0.0               0.0                0.0

                     Man Dominated               COE                  3                    1.2              1.2               1.2                1.2

                     Subtotal                    COE                  2                  10.8              12.2              13.1               13.1

                     Subtotal                    COE                  3                    4.8              3.9               5.0                3.9

                     Subtotal                    COE                 All                 15.6              16.1              18.0               17.0

                     Subtotal                    OCRM                 2                    1.4              2.3               1.4                1.6


                     Subtotal                    All                  2                  12.2              14.5              14.5               14.7


                     Subtotal                    All                  3                    4.8              3.9               5.0                3.9


                     Total                       All                 All                 17.0              18.4              19.4               18.6



                     COE = US Army Corps of Engineers                            OCRM = SC Ocean and Coastal Resource Management














                                                                               IV-15












                                                                                                                 TABLE IV-6

                                                                                                   CANDIDATE MITIGATION SITES
                    MaR Site                          Location                         Present Land Use               Mitigation                Acres                 Soil             Veeetation              Hydrolo
                                                                                                                          Time
                           I           Burden Creek, 1.5 miles from                 Old field/pasture              Salt marsh-               10-20                  Fill                   Field             Tidal Creek
                                       project, in-basin                                                           creation
                           2           Hut Creek, 4 miles from                      Agriculture                    Salt marsh-               20-30                Upland                   Field              Hut Creek
                                       project, in-basin                                                           creation
                           3           Hut Creek headwaters, 4 miles                Silviculture                   Forested                  5-10                 Dahoo                     ?                 Hut Creek
                                       from project, in-basin                                                      hardwood                                       (hydric)
                                                                                                                   restoration

                           4           Abbapoola Creek, 5 miles from                Agriculture                    Salt marsh-               20-30                WnB-upland                ?                   Abbapoola
                                       project, in-basin                                                           creation/                                      Sk-Hydric                                      Creek
                                                                                                                   restoration

                           5           Alligator Creek, 5 miles from                Agriculture                    Salt marsh-               20-30                Ts-hydric,                 ?                   Alligator
                                       project, in-basin                                                           restoration                                    Da, Ka, Sk-                                    Creek
                                                                                                                   Fresh water                  5                 Hydric
                                                                                                                   forested

                           6           Spoil island northwest of                    Former agriculture             Salt marsh-               50-60                Cg-hydric                Field              Stono River
                                       Headquarter Island, adjacent to                                             creation                                       Yo-hydric                                   tidal creeks
                                       project, in-basin                                                                                                          Wa-hydric
                                                                                                                                                                  Ch-trans
                                                                                                                                                                  HoA-trans
                           7           Brickyard Road,    I mile from               Rural                          Salt marsh-                  10                Yo-hydric                Field                 Penny's
                                       project, in-basin                                                           creation                                       Cg-hydric                                      Creek
                           8           Penny's Creek headwaters, 3                  Old field former               Forested                     20                Phosphate                Field                 Penny  Is
                                       miles from project, in-basin                 strip mine                     hardwood                                         Spoil                                        Creek
                                                                                                                   creation                                       WgB-upland                                     Tributary
                                                                                                                                                                  S + -hydric
                                                                                                                                                                  Sk-hydric
                           9           Penny's Creek headwaters, 2.5                Dredged tidal/lagoon           Salt marsh-                  5                   Ed-                    Deep                  Penny's
                                       miles from project, in-basin                                                restoration                                    Transitional             Water                 Creek
                                                                                                                                                                    Ch-
                                                                                                                                                                  Transitional
                           10          Shipyard Shoal, near Fort                    Accreting                      Salt marsh-                  40                Upland                   Austral           Chas. Harbor
                                       Sumter, "Spider Island" out-of-              shoal                          creation                                                                Pine
                                       basin
                           11          Penny's Creek headwaters       2             Agriculture                    Forested                     20                Yo-hydric                Fields                Penny's
                                       miles from project, in-basin                                                hardwood                                       HoA-Trans                                      Creek
                                                                                                                   restoration














                                                                                                                     TABLE IV-6

                                                                                                       CANDIDATE MITIGATION SITES

                                                                                                                          Mitigation
                      Maip Site                         Location                          Present Land Use                    TvDe                 Acres                   Soil              Veeetation              Hydrology
                          12             Dill property/Charleston                      Wildlife management             Saltwater                     60                Ed-Trans                  Field               James Island
                                         Museum site                                                                   marsh and                                       Sk-hydric                                     Creek; Heron
                                                                                                                       forested                                                                                         rookery
                                                                                                                       hardwood
                                                                                                                       restoration/
                                                                                                                       creation

                          13             Station 330 & 340, adjacent to                Forested hardwoods              Forested                        ?               Wa-hydric               Forested              Groundwater
                                         project, severed by project                                                   hardwood                                        Cg-hydric               Wetland
                                                                                                                       restoration

                          14             Tom Fullmore property, adjacent               Rural/residential               Salt marsh-                     ?             Mp-mine pit                  Field              Stono River
                                         to project                                                                    restoration                                     Yo-hydric
                                                                                                                       Public boat                                     Cg-hydric
                                                                                                                       access to
                                                                                                                       County Park
                          15             James Island Creek, project                   Rural/residential               Public boat                  N/A                                             ?                James Island
                                         severs residential road, in-basin                                             access                                                                                            Creek
                          16             Spoil island northeast of Holiday             Dredge spoil site               Salt marsh-                 < 1.0               Ts-hydric                Barren               Ashley River
                                         Inn on US 17, 2 miles from                                                    restoration
                                         project. Ashley River out-of-
                                         basin

                          17             Canal spoil bank, adjacent to                 Spoil bank                      Salt marsh-                  5-10                 Spoil                 Barren or             Stono River
                                         project, near Oakland                                                         restoration                                                              upland
                                         Subdivision

                          18             Black River Swamp, mitigation                 Cleared for                     Fresh water                  3000                Hydric                cleared of             Black River
                                         bank, out-of-basin, 65 miles from             agriculture                     forested                                                              canopy trees
                                         project in Clarendon County                                                   hardwood
                                                                                                                       restoration
                          19             Pee Dee Swamp, out of basin                                ?                  Freshwater                      ?                Hydric                      ?                Pee Dee
                                                                                                                       hardwood                                                                                      River
                                                                                                                       restoration
                          20             Vandross Bay Mitigation Bank                               ?                  Freshwater                  790ï¿½             Hydric                          ?                Vandross Bay
                                         out-of-basin/Georgetown Co.                                                   hardwood                                                                                      groundwater
                                                                                                                       restoration
                          21             Penny's Creek spoil bank north                Canal containment               Salt marsh-                     ?            Spoil                    Barren                  Penny's
                                         of Maybank Hwy, in-basin                                                      creation                                                                                      Creek







                     3. Endangered and Threatened Species
                     No impacts to protected species will occur as a result of project activities based upon
                     evaluations conducted and described in the Natural Resources Technical Memorandum for
                     the Mark Clark Enressway (CZR, Inc., December 1994). Coordination with the South
                     Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Survey, and
                     the National Marine Fisheries Service and on-site investigation has resulted in a determination
                     of the potential for the occurrence of protected species in the project area.

                     Potential habitats for the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) federally listed as
                     endangered occur in the Stono River. Adherence to Best Management Practices for road and
                     bridge construction in the Stono River will compensate for potential impacts to this species
                     or its habitat.


                     Occurrences of listed reptile, the island glass lizard (Ophisaurus compressus), have been
                     reported on Morris Island and Folly Island. Field surveys of this study resulted in the
                     location of the related eastern glass lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis) within the project area;
                     however, no occurrences of the island glass lizard were documented.

                     The West Indian manatee (Trichechus nwnatus) occurs in coastal waters throughout the
                     southeastern United States. Conversations with SCWMRD officials indicate the manatee is
                     an occasional surnmer migrant within the Stono River. A reported occurrence in the Stono
                     River was documented by the SCWMRD in February 1985. The potential to impact the
                     manatee by project activities is considered minimal.

                     The black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis) is a secretive bird found in many salt marsh areas.
                     There were no black rails observed and no distinct call notes heard during field observations
                     within the project area. The potential for the project to impact the black rail is considered
                     minimal.


                     There is a potential for occurrence within the project area for the pondspice (Litsea
                     aestivalis), Boykin's lobelia (Lobelia boykinii), pondberry (Lindera melissifolia), and
                     chaffseed (Schwalbea ameficana). Suitable habitat exists, and there are documented
                     occurrences of these four listed species within several miles of the project. Field observations
                     within the corridor for the presence of these species were initiated during the flowering
                     and/or fruiting season (May-June-July) for a higher probability of identification. There are
                     no known occurrences or observations of the above species within the project corridor.

                     Two nests of osprey (Pandion haliaetus), a state-listed species of special concern, were
                     identified on power poles near the project's Maybank Highway interchange but will not be
                     impacted by the project.

                     4. Water Quality
                     The results of computations in accordance with Pollutant Loading and I=acts from Highway
                     Stormwater Runoff. Volume 2. Design ProceduLes (FffWA, 1990) indicate that the estimated
                     concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc pollutants do not exceed target concentrations (acute
                     criteria values) during the duration of one storm event or on average of once every three
                     years for the project. Therefore, the proposed project will not concentrate heavy metal
                     pollutants in stormwater runoff and will not adversely impact the water quality of the area





                                                                   IV-18
















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                    SITES 18-20 ARE REMOTE SITES@ OUT OF BASIN                                                                                                                   WALE                           FALES


                                                                                         MARK CLARK                                                 CANDIDATE MITIGATION
                                                                       1@3)


















                                                                                         EXPRESSWAY                                                                      SITES                                         IV-1







                       Surface water quality impacts would be primarily short-term resulting from construction of
                       new highway lanes through wetlands and from bridge construction activities at the Stono River,
                       James Island Creek, and Penny's Creek crossings. There will be no lasting effect on area water
                       quality from this project.

                       Water quality impacts would be greatest with Alternates A, C, and D due to the greater amount
                       of wetlands crossed by those alternatives. Water quality impacts to the Stono River open water
                       are expected to be nearly equal due to the proximity of the alternatives and the nearly equal
                       bridge lengths.

                       5. Water Body Modification
                       Open water crossings include the Stono River (two crossings), two tidal creeks (Penny's Creek,
                       James Island Creek tributary), two ponds, two man-made drainage ditches, and one
                       canal. Alternate D has the longest crossing of the Stono River, while Alternate B has the
                       shortest. Alternate B impacts the least amount of tidal open waters, followed in order by
                       Alternates C, D, and A.


                       6. Coastal Zone
                       The project is located within the Coastal Zone Critical Area of Charleston County. Direct
                       permit authority for marsh wetland impacts and bridge projects over navigable waterways, as
                       well as coastal zone consistency determinations, will be the responsibility of the U.S. Coast
                       Guard, with coordination with OCRM.

                       Three geographic areas of particular concern (GAPQ will be impacted by the project
                       including: wetlands, shellfish harvesting areas, and navigational channels. The project will
                       impact up to 47 acres of salt marsh wetlands by roadway construction on fill. Approximately
                       up to 62 acres of freshwater wetlands will be impacted by roadway construction on fill and 3.3
                       to 3.8 acres cleared for roadway construction on bridge structure. Unavoidable impacts will
                       be mitigated by techniques developed in consultation with regulatory agencies during the
                       planning and permitting process.

                       Although the Stono River is classified as shellfish harvesting waters, the area is declared
                       "restricted" and no commercial or public easements are designated in the project area.
                       Therefore, the shellfish harvesting waters are not a GAPC.

                       The Stono River, Penny's Creek, and James Island Creek are navigable waterways of the
                       project area. The proposed bridges over these waterways are subject to U.S. Coast Guard
                       approval and will provide adequate vertical and horizontal clearances so as not to interfere with
                       commercial or recreational vessels.


                       In view of the above, the project appears to be consistent with the South Carolina Coastal
                       Management Program. Coastal zone certification of applicable permit applications will be
                       requested from the OCRM.


                       1. Farmland


                       Because the entire study area is planned for urban development, the Farmland Protection Policy
                       Act does not apply.





                                                                      IV- 19









                     J. Potential Hazardous Material Sites


                     State regulatory agencies have been consulted, and lists of potential hazardous material sites
                     have been reviewed. The study corridor was also inspected in the field to ascertain the
                     likelihood of hazardous waste sites. As stated in Section IH.G, no reported or suspected areas
                     of contamination are located in or near the proposed alignments.

                     K. I-listoric and Archaeological Sites

                     As discussed in Chapter 111, the cultural resource surveys discovered several sites potentially
                     eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.

                     Of the sites within the area of potential effect evaluated in the architectural survey, none were
                     judged to be potentially eligible for the National Register. Fenwick Hall, a National Register
                     property approximately one-half mile from the proposed alignment, would not be affected by
                     any alternative.

                     The 60-foot vessel (3BCH1497) detected by the underwater archaeological investigation at
                     the south crossing of die Stono River could be affected by Alternate C. If that alternative is
                     selected, further work may be necessary to determine the nature and possible historic
                     significance of that object.

                     Three terrestrial archaeological sites (described in Chapter III) were encountered which will
                     require ftirther work. One of these sites, 38CH1146, would be impacted by all four
                     alternates. The second (38CH 1148) would be impacted by Alternate B. The third site,
                     38CH1550, would be impacted by Alternates C and D. These sites are potentially significant
                     resources which require archaeological testing to clearly determine their eligibility for
                     nomination to the National Register. Testing should be directed toward determining the age
                     of the sites, their internal integrity, the potential or presence of subsurface features, and the
                     sites' horizontal and vertical limits.                                                      .I                           I

                     The Fenwick Hall causeway (38CH1146) is recommended as a National Register eligible
                     archaeological site. Avoidance is not feasible since the causeway stretches all the way from
                     Fenwick Hall to the Stono River. Therefore, data recovery should be conducted to obtain the
                     data that would otherwise be lost during construction. The data recovery program should be
                     designed to determine and record the method of construction of the causeway, and should
                     include historic research into its construction and use in order to place it in a historic context
                     of the development of plantations along the Stono River.

                     The above determinations were documented in the technical memorandum An ArchaeolQZLcal
                     Survey of the Mark Clark Enressway Pro         -ject from US Highway 17 to Folly Beach Road
                     (New South Asociates, September 1994). The conclusions in this report were concurred with
                     by SHPO.











                                                                     IV-20






        00                                                                                            - - - - - -


                      LEGEND

                    EXISTING INTERCHANGE



                    PROPOSEDINTERCHANGE


                    PROJECT CORRIDOR


                     IBRIDGE


                     MARINA                            Al


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                      JOHNS
                      ISLAND                                           JAMES
                                                                       ISLAND
                                                                                           Not to scale



                                          MARK CLARK                       MARINAS AND
                                           EXPRESSWAY                  MOVEABLE BRIDGES










                       L. Rivers and Harbors


                       1. Proposed River and Stream Crossings
                       The Mark Clark Expressway is proposed to cross the Stono River in two locations. In
                       addition, the road will cross a tributary to James Island Creek, a tributary to the Stono river,
                       Penny's Creek, and a channel between Eastshore Lane and the Stono River. Bridge permits
                       may be required for some or all of these crossings, under Sections 9 and 10 of the Rivers and
                       Harbors Act.


                       The proposed northern crossing of the Stono River upstream from Maybank Highway
                       crosses a portion of the river which is designated as part of the Intracoastal Waterway (IWVO.
                       The crossing is anticipated to consist of a fixed-span bridge with 65-foot vertical clearance
                       and 200-foot horizontal clearance, per current U.S. Coast Guard policy regarding bridges
                       over the IWW. Design of this bridge will be coordinated with the U.S. Coast Guard.

                       A second fixed-span bridge over the Stono River is proposed south of Maybank Highway
                       between Johns Island and James Island, where the Stono River is no longer part of the
                       Intracoastal Waterway.       Because there is no "standard" bridge height in this area,
                       considerable study was given to the characteristics of the river and boat traffic using this
                       section of the river, as documented in the following sections. Based on that study, the
                       Southern Stono River Crossing is proposed to have a 65-foot vertical clearance and 200-foot
                       horizontal clearance.


                       None of the four other proposed crossings would affect navigation. The tributary to James
                       Island Creek is very shallow and is not navigable by anything other than very small craft
                       (John-boats, canoes, or rowboats). A six-foot vertical clearance and 10-foot horizontal
                       clearance are proposed. The Stono tributary crossing (east shore) would have a 12-foot
                       vertical clearance and 30-foot horizontal clearance. Penny's Creek, which flows into the
                       Stono River at Stono Marina, is not navigable by anything larger than outboard motorboats.
                       Upstream from a private ramp a short way in from the river, Penny's Creek is crossed by the
                       Maybank Highway at approximately six feet above mean high water. The proposed
                       clearances at the Penny's Creek crossing are 12-feet vertical and 30 feet horizontal. The
                       man-made channel near Eastshore Lane is shown on the navigation charts as reported two-
                       foot depth. The portion of the channel upstream of the proposed highway is surrounded by
                       a subdivision, with 12 houses backing up to the channel. One house has a small dock, while
                       another house was observed to have a small motorboat in the back yard. Based on the size
                       and depth of the channel and the type of development, the planned bridge over the channel
                       would not have an effect on navigation and access, and would have no effect on commercial
                       boat operations. A 12-foot vertical clearance and 30-foot horizontal clearance are planned.

                       2. Stono River Vessel Inventory
                       The Stono River flows south from Maybank Highway to join the Kiawah River and Folly
                       River and then out to sea through the Stono Inlet. The river has depths from 15 feet near the
                       Stono bridge to 48 feet at the confluence of the Kiawah and Stono. The Folly River is quite
                       changeable with minimum depths of six feet at the confluence with the Stono River. Mean
                       tidal ranges in the areas discussed are 5.2 feet and 6.1 feet. The Stono Inlet is not ordinarily
                       navigable by sailboats due to a constantly shifting and changing channel. It is not reliably
                       marked, and only shrimp boats which go in and out daily make the journey without trouble.
                       These boats normally draw six feet of water or less. This circumstance makes access to the


                                                                      IV-21









                    Folly River and Kiawah River by vessels other than shrimp boats possible only by way of the
                    Stono River from the north and under the proposed new fixed span bridge. Thus, the height
                    of boats which would be likely to use the Stono River between Maybank Highway and the
                    Stono Inlet were considered in determining the proposed height of the new span.

                    Marina occupancies, vessel heights, and lengths were surveyed during the period of June 28
                    to June 30, 1993. Local marinas in the Charleston area with potential for generating boat
                    traffic along the lower Stono River are listed in Table IV-7. Letters on the table refer to
                    locations on Figure IV-2.




                                                               TABLE IV-7
                                LOCAL MARINAS IN THE STONO RIVER/CHARLESTON AREA


                                                                                                    Approximate
                                                                    Chart                           Number of
                    Marina                                        Designation                       Boat SlipL

                    Charleston City Marina                          A                                 150 (300*)
                    Ashley Marina                                   B                                 200
                    Ripley Light Marina                             C                                 77
                    Buzzards Roost Marina                           D                                 200
                    Stono, Marina                                   E                                 150
                    Folly Marina                                    F                                 100*
                    Mariners Cay Marina                             G                                 80
                    Ross Marine Shipyard                            H                                 --
                      * Capacity when rebuilt


                    The Charleston City Marina (A) was destroyed by Hurricane Hugo and has not yet been
                    completely restored. If the marina is leased to a private group for operation and/or restoration,
                    the present 150 slip capacity may be increased to 300. However, no concrete plans have been
                    made for full restoration and expansion of the marina. The city marina presently has 152 boats
                    of which 102 are sail. Of these, 12 have masts 55 feet or higher, including one vessel exceeding
                    60 feet in height.

                    The Ashley Marina (B) is just north of the new fLxed-span James Island bridge, and mast heights
                    are necessarily limited to 55 feet. The marina has a capacity of 200 boats, more or less
                    depending on transient traffic. A total of 171 boats are docked at the Ashley Marina, 103 of
                    which are sail. The marina is considered fully occupied by its manager. Three of these boats
                    have masts above 55 feet high, and thus must go in and out of the marina at dead low tide.

                    Across the Ashley River from Ashley Marina is Ripley Light Marina (C) with 62 motorboats and
                    6 sail presently docked. None exceed 55 feet in height. This marina is silted in and,
                    consequently, most sailboats prefer not to use it.

                    Buzzards Roost Marina (D) is located adjacent to and north of the Maybank Highway which
                    spans the Stono River. The Stono River swing bridge crosses the river here at a height of eight
                    feet above mean high water. At the time of this survey, the marina was occupied by 122 boats
                    of which 70 were sail, including 12 over 55 feet in height. None were over 64 feet. The marina
                    has a nominal capacity of 200 boats. A popular seafood restaurant located at this marina attracts

                                                                   IV-22









                       some marine traffic for meals. Approaching Buzzards Roost from Wappoo Cut, there are a
                       number of private docks with perhaps 24 sailboats. The tallest of these include a ketch with a
                       62-foot mast height and a 46-foot sloop with a 60-foot mast.

                       Just south of the Stono River bridge is the Stono Marina (E) with a capacity of 150 boats. At
                       the time of survey, 128 boats were docked here of which 75 were sail, including 14 over 55 feet
                       high.

                       The Folly Marina (F) was totally destroyed by the "White Hurricane" of March 1993 when wind
                       gusting over 75 mph hit Charleston. At present, only a few boats are docked here, 16 sail and
                       11 power boats. Two of the boats have mast heights exceeding 55 feet high. When rebuilt, the
                       marina will have capacity for 100 boats.

                       Further up the Folly River, adjacent to the Folly Road fixed span bridge,      is Mariner's Cay
                       Marina (G) where 37 boats are docked, of which 21 are sail. Three of these boats have mast
                       heights exceeding 55 feet.

                       Ross Marine (H), a division of Swygart Shipyards, is a full service shipyard capable of hauling
                       any boat that can reach it. This has in the past included boats with masts over 64 feet high,
                       meaning that such boats could only pass under IWW fixed spans at low tide. The yard can
                       accommodate vessels of 75 tons on their travel lift and 750 tons on their marine railway. The
                       yard is presently working at capacity and has been since Hurricane Hugo. On July 7, 1993, this
                       yard had 7 sailboats, 2 of which had 64-foot masts, and 18 motorboats up to 75 feet long.

                       Kiawah Island has a dozen unoccupied docks on the Kiawah River. These appear to be built for
                       riverfront houses. Approximately two dozen boats are docked at private piers on the Stono
                       River. One of these is a traditional ketch with a mast height of over 55 feet, but under 64 feet.
                       In Wappoo Cut are another two dozen boats of which half are sail with under 55-foot mast
                       heights. The Stono River channel is delineated by day markers for the entire length of the river.
                       The U.S. Coast Guard maintains these aids to navigation, and their ships are expected to travel
                       periodically down the Stono to Folly River and the Stono Inlet.

                       Several local groups of sailboats travel down the Stono River each year. The James Island Yacht
                       Club (JIYC) cruises to Sandy Point annually from Charleston. The past Commodore of JIYC
                       possesses a traditional 45-foot ketch with a mast height of 62 feet. Also the Charleston Cruising
                       Club, a group of 60 sailboats, has been down the Stono River four times in 1993 with two more
                       trips planned. There are at least three boats in this group with mast heights exceeding 55 feet.
                       Because the tidal range in Charleston is in the neighborhood of six feet plus or minus one, a boat
                       of marginal height could wait for low tide to negotiate a low bridge; however, most skippers are
                       reluctant to risk bringing a mast down. Therefore, a bridge lower than 64 feet would effectively
                       preclude these particular boats from participating in these activities.

                       In summary, over 700 boats were surveyed, a majority of them sailboats. Of the boats surveyed,
                       48 had mast heights above 55 feet, including 11 that were between 60 feet and 64 feet and three
                       that exceeded 65 feet. The Challenge America with its 80-foot mast is home ported in
                       Charleston, but was in Fort Lauderdale at the time of survey.






                                                                     TV-23









                      3. Existing Moveable Bridges
                      Additional data were obtained regarding moveable bridges in the Charleston area. These bridges
                      are described in Table IV-8 and shown on Figure IV-2.

                      May, when southern boats head north for the summer, is the peak month for traffic. Similarly,
                      October is also a busy month as the boats go south for the winter. Therefore, May 1993 was
                      analyzed to determine the number of openings required for sailboats. The average sailboats
                      through the bridge per opening is believed to be typical for the year as a whole. Because of the
                      restrictive opening schedules of these bridges, it is not uncommon for several boats to go through
                      on a single opening. In the case of powerboats, many can go under a closed bridge by laying
                      down antennas, canopies, etc., whereas all but the smallest sailboats require openings to pass.




                                                                   TABLE IV-8
                                         MOVEABLE BRIIDGES IN THE CHARLESTON AREA

                                                  Chart                                                  Height
                       Bridge                     DesigLiation               -Type                       Above M
                       Ben Sawyer                             I              Swing                              31 feet
                       Wappoo Cut                             2              Bascule                            33 feet
                       Limehouse                              3              Swing                              12 feet
                       Stono                                  4              Swing                               8 feet


                      4. Contacts with Waterway Users
                      Representatives of Stevens Towing        Company, Younges Island, SC, and Willis Barge Line,
                      Paulsboro, New Jersey, were quite adamant about the need for a 65-foot bridge, mentioning the
                      height of the cranes and dredges that they move. Dredges typically measure 200 feet long by
                      37 feet wide, and the spud gantry cranes on the dredge are 55 feet high. They will not go under
                      a 55-foot bridge. Use of these dredges to renourish Folly Island beach will probably be required
                      periodically. A 55-foot bridge across the Stono River would seriously impede dredge movement
                      to the Folly River. Traffic through the Stono River Inlet is not possible for dredges. They are
                      seldom moved in open ocean as a one-time Coast Guard permit must be obtained and much
                      involved preparation must be done.

                      Owners of boats with masts over 55 feet support a 65-foot bridge over the Stono, promising to
                      be at the hearing. Managers of the Ashley & Ripley Light Marinas were resigned to a low
                      bridge, having been limited already by the 55-foot James Island bridge. The owner of Stono
                      Marina nearest the proposed new bridge noted that the 55-foot height would place a long-term
                      restriction on the use of the Stono by large sailing vessels. The three-masted charter sailing
                      vessel "Charleston Pride" is presently docked at the Ripley Light Marina. Because of the 55-
                      foot fixed span James Island bridge, the owner, Captain Robert Marthai, was forced to remove
                      the top portion of the main mast to reduce the vessel's 64-foot height to 46 feet.               Captain
                      Marthai frequently takes the Pride down the Stono River to Kiawah Island. He anticipates much
                      more charter and tourist activity on this stretch of the Stono River. He anticipates building a new
                      135-foot long sailing vessel with a mast height of 60 feet as soon as he can obtain a deep water
                      dock south of the 55-foot James Island Expressway bridge. Both Captain Marthai and Mr.
                      Robert Freeman, Chairman of the Maritime Commission of Charleston, believe that with the
                      closing of Naval facilities, much more emphasis must be placed on Charleston sailing facilities.


                                                                         IV-24









                       The local sailing community believes that Charleston possesses one of the finest sailing areas in
                       the world, equal to or surpassing Annapolis, Newport, or San Diego. The damaged state of the
                       City Marina, the James Island bridge, and ecological opposition to marina development and
                       docks all serve to inhibit Charleston's sailing activities. Local sailors believe a low fixed bridge
                       over the Stono River would be one more roadblock to successful development of Charleston's
                       maritime enterprises.

                       5. Coast Guard Coordination
                       A scoping letter was sent to the U.S. Coast Guard on May 11, 1993. No written response was
                       received.


                       Preliminary coordination continued in July 1993, when project engineers met with US Coast
                       Guard representatives in Miami. The dimensions of the bridge over the IWW portion of the
                       Stono River were agreed to be well defined by existing Coast Guard policy. The Coast Guard
                       representative noted that the height of the Stono River Bridge south of the IWW should be
                       carefully considered, and advised obtaining data regarding existing demand on the river,
                       including recreational and commercial uses.

                       Further coordination in May 1993 resulted in the vessel and user survey on the Stono River.
                       The types of surveys to be performed were discussed with a Coast Guard representative before
                       determining the scope of the project.

                       Additional coordination will be accomplished during the planning and preliminary design phases
                       of this project, prior to and following completion of bridge permit applications. Agreement on
                       the navigational clearances will be documented 'in the FSEIS.

                       M. Construction hnpacts

                       Construction of the Mark Clark Expressway will temporarily increase erosion and air and noise
                       pollution. Traffic disruption will occur wherever existing traffic interfaces with the project. The
                       development of thorough plans and specifications along with a traffic control plan will minimize
                       these impacts and ensure safe operations during construction.

                       Water and other utility lines will be relocated prior to extensive construction to ensure that water
                       supplies are not contaminated.

                       Air pollution will be minimized by sprinkling surface areas with water as required to control
                       dust. If materials are disposed of by burning, this will be carried out in accordance with the
                       necessary rules and regulations.

                       Erosion and sedimentation during construction will be controlled by limiting the area of erodible
                       earth material which may be exposed at any one time; by restricting waste and disposal areas and
                       construction roads such that sediment does not enter the streams; by restricting flooding of any
                       streams; by temporary measures such as berms, dikes, sediment basins, grasses or slope drains;
                       and by coordination of temporary measures with those permanent soil erosion control measures
                       included in the project, in accordance with the standards of the State Department of
                       Transportation. Construction would be in conformance with policies stated in 23 CFR 650(B).





                                                                      IV-25









                    Bridge construction across the marsh areas on Johns Island an       d James Island will involve
                    temporary loss of marshland vegetation with the extent of impact dependent on the construction
                    method selected and condition of the subject marsh area. During the final design phase, a
                    detailed survey of the marsh will be made and water depths determined. A construction method
                    will then be selected which will be economically and environmentally suitable for the project.
                    The construction contractor will return surface elevations to surrounding pre-construction
                    elevations, allowing for natural re-vegetation of marsh plants.

                    N. Relation "hi Between Short-term UF@% of Man's Environment and the Maintenance
                          and Enhancement of Long-term Productivity

                    Although temporary adverse impacts are likely to occur during the construction of the Mark
                    Clark Expressway, the effects generated by this project over the long term are expected to be
                    beneficial. The creation of additional road capacity in South Charleston is essential to relieving
                    the worsening congestion on Savannah Highway, Folly Road, and other arterial streets, and to
                    accommodating planned development.

                    1. Short7term Environmental Uses
                    During construction, earth-moving equipment and clearing and grading activities will create
                    temporary adverse effects. Air quality would be diminished due to vehicular emissions, soil
                    disturbance, and vegetation burning. Noise levels would increase because of heavy equipment
                    use. Traffic delays due to construction also could contribute to air quality deterioration, noise
                    level increases, and increased accidents. These activities also are expected to disrupt wildlife
                    and normal human activity during the short-term. Finally, construction will cause disruption of
                    marsh areas on Johns Island and James Island.


                    Another short-term effect of construction would be the consumption of man-hours of labor
                    required to carry out the project. This additional employment could stimulate the local economy,
                    but it also could cause competition for scarce workers, depending on the wage rate paid to
                    construction workers. However, steady employment in a seasonal resort area over the duration
                    of construction would have a positive benefit to local businesses which service the laborers.

                    Lastly, utility relocations will be expected to occur, but only short duration interruptions in
                    service are anticipated.

                    2. Long-term Environmental Effects
                    Previous chapters of this document explained the need for the Mark Clark Expressway in terms
                    of overall improvement of traffic service on arterial routes, both in the next few years and to
                    build-out. Although the natural environment will be permanently altered along the route, the
                    long-term benefits of providing a safe and efficient transportation system and maintaining a
                    healthy economy by increasing job and development opportunities outweigh the disruption. By
                    designing a limited access facility, new development will be confined primarily to interchange
                    areas, thereby minimizing further encroachment on wildlife habitat or established human
                    communities.


                    The proposed alignments were chosen to minimize disruption of developed areas, and to
                    minimize disruption of wetland and marine habitat. No known occurrences of threatened or
                    endangered species will be adversely impacted.



                                                                  IV-26









                       By identifying cultural resource areas within the corridor which may be suitable for nomination
                       to the National Register, the process of testing sites and recovering irreplaceable historical and
                       archaeological information will be accelerated, thus enhancing it over what otherwise might
                       occur.


                       0. Irreversible and Irretrievable Conunitments of Resources
                       Relatively few commitments of resources required by this project could be considered completely
                       irreversible or irretrievable.


                       Costs for acquisition of right-of-way could be considered irreversible, once expended, but the
                       right-of-way could be used for other purposes in the distant future if the project were abandoned,
                       thus providing some return on the investment.

                       A substantial financial commitment would be required for the capital cost of the Expressway, in
                       addition to right-of-way acquisition. Major quantities of fuel, materials, and labor would be
                       consumed during construction. These costs would be irreversible, but their expenditure would
                       be considerably mitigated by the financial return of safety, better operational efficiency,
                       improved access throughout the corridor, and increased economic activity of local business.

                       In summary, existing conditions would be improved significantly by the commitment of
                       irreversible or irretrievable resources, resulting in a generally favorable impact overall.

                       P. SuMM Comparison of Alternatives

                       Table IV-9 summarizes the quantifiable impacts of the alternatives.
































                                                                     IV-27












                                                                       TABLE IV-9
                                        ENVIRONMENTAL COMTARISON OF ALTERNATIVES
                                                                                           TOTAL ROUTE USING ALTERNATE
                                                                                           A              B              C               D
                     Length (Miles)                                                        7.0            6.9            7.1             7.1
                     Displacements
                         Residences                                                        12             11             10              9
                         Businesses                                                        5              5              5               5
                         Other (Park Offices)                                              1              0              1               0
                     Distance From Murray-Lassaine School                                  1,000.         500'           1,200'          1,300'
                     Noise Impacts                                                         62             93             56              59
                         Substantial Increase
                         Exceed Noise Abatement Criteria                                   21             30             19              19
                     Park and Greenway Impacts                                             I              I              I               I
                         Acres of Parkland to be Acquired                                  40.3           0              40.9            41.1
                         Acres of Parkland Severed                                         0              0              45.0            64.3
                     Historic Impacts
                         Properties Requiring Additional Work                              1              2              2               2
                     Wetland Impacts (fill only, acres)
                         OCRM Jurisdiction                                                 47.1           43.9           46.8            463.8
                         USACOE Jurisdiction                                               57.1           47.7           61.6            62.0
                         Total                                                             104.2          91.6           108.4           108.9
                     Upland Impacts (acres)
                         Live Oak/Mixed Hardwood                                           19.5           20.8           19.0            18.0
                         Pine/Mixed Hardwood                                               17.9           14.1           18.4            19.0
                         Pine Forest                                                       10.4           12.1           10.4            10.4
                         Man-Dominated                                                     19.4           30.2           18.6            19.2
                         Total                                                             67.2           77.2           66.4            66.6
                     Potential Hazardous Material Sites                                    0              0              0               0
                     Construction Costs ($ millions)                                       151.1          150.0          152.0           152.3
                     Construction Costs for Bridge Alternate ($ millions)                  204.5          196.3          206,9           208.1




























                                                                              IV-28










                                                                CHAPTER V
                                                DRAFT SECTION 4(f)/6(f) EVALUATION



                       A. James Island County Park - Section 4(f)/6(f) Evaluation

                       1. Description of 4(f)/6(f) Property
                       The James Island County Park is located on 640 acres on the west side of James Island, between
                       Riverland Drive and the Stono River. The Charleston County Parks and Recreation Commission
                       owns and operates this facility, which was opened in 1990. Figure V-1 shows the park, as well
                       as the proposed alignments for Mark Clark Expressway in the vicinity of the park.

                       The James Island Land Use Policy Recommendations, published in the summer of 1987 by the
                       James Island Study Committee, indicated that the park was to be built on a portion of the Dill
                       property on Riverland Drive at a cost of $1.5 million. It also stated that the facility was to get
                       underway shortly after the Committee's July and August 1987 meetings. Planning for the park
                       first started in 1986. Its original opening date of 1989 was postponed one year by Hurricane
                       Hugo, which caused extensive damage to the park area.

                       Numerous recreational activities are available at the James Island County Park, including the
                       following:

                              Fishing and crabbing dock
                              Children's playground and spray fountain
                              Paved bike trails and numerous walking trails
                              Pedal boat and bicycle rentals
                       0      16 acres of lagoons and more than 12 acres of open meadows
                              Picnic center with vending machines and four picnic shelters'
                              Ten fully furnished vacation cottages
                              125-space RV campground and tent/group camping area
                              Game room, snack bar, and recreation hall
                              Challenge course for use by groups in leadership and team-building workshops
                              Holiday Festival of Lights

                       The headquarters building houses the Charleston County Park and Recreation Commission
                       offices and is located off Riverland Drive in the northeastern comer of the park property. James
                       Island Parkway is a loop road within the park that intersects Riverland Drive just north of Camp
                       Road, approximately 1,500 feet south of the headquarters building. A gatehouse is located
                       within the park entrance. A future water feature is planned in the southeast part of the park near
                       the gatehouse.

                       Proceeding clockwise around the parkway from the gatehouse, the first road to the left
                       (Fisherman's Way) provides access to the Wando and Stono Shelters and to the fishing/crabbing
                       dock, all located in the southwest corner of the park. The picnic center, the Fun Yard
                       (children's playground), the spray fountain, and the floating dock are all located in the west-
                       central part of the park. The picnic center serves as focal point for park programming. It has
                       restrooms, vending machines, phones and bike rental facility. This area also includes bike
                       rentals, restrooms, vending machines, and telephones.


                                                                      V-1









                     The second road to the west, Osprey Point, provides access to the Wappoo Shelter, the
                     conference center, and the arboretum, each located near the Stono River in the west-central part
                     of the park. The conference center is equipped for small business meetings and staff retreats.

                     Marshview Circle provides access to the vacation cottages, the conference center and the
                     maintenance buildings, all located in the northwest part of the park. The ten fully furnished,
                     modern three-bedroom vacation cottages overlook the Stono River marsh.

                     The park center provides a snack bar, park offices, 1,000-square-foot board room, gameroom,
                     restrooms, pedal boat rental facility, and phones. The park center offices and the boathouse are
                     located in the center of the parkway loop. Also located in the center of the loop are the sites for
                     the future miniature golf course and playground, and the future amphitheater.

                     North of the James Island Parkway but south of the power lines are located the RV campground
                     and campground activity center. This area also includes two bathhouses/laundromat facilities
                     for the campground, as well as a campground registration facility.

                     The Edisto shelter is located in the northeast part of the park inside the parkway loop. It
                     provides large climate-controlled structure for receptions, banquets and other group functions.
                     It has a stage, built-in sound system, cafeteria-style kitchen, and restrooms.

                     At the extreme northern edge of the park north of the electric transmission lines are the primitive
                     tent/group camping areas (northwest border) and the challenge course area (north-central
                     border).

                     Other planned facilities will include additional picnic shelters, another playground, volleyball
                     courts, a dance barn, a water feature near the gatehouse, an      amphitheater, a miniature golf
                     course, and more than five miles of additional bike trails.

                     Access to the James Island County Park is primarily vehicular,     with the only vehicle entrance
                     at the intersection of Riverland Drive and James Island Parkway.   Bicyclists and pedestrians may
                     also access the park via Riverland Drive. Two bicycle routes are currently planned to serve the
                     park: one from Maybank Highway and further south on Riverland Drive, and one to connect the
                     eastern part of the island on a route not yet specified.

                     Approximately 202,000 people visited the park in 1993, up from 160,000 in 1991. These figures
                     included 38,300 using the camping facilities and 9,600 staying at cottages. In addition, over
                     155,000 visitors drove through the park during the Holiday Festival of Lights in December 1993.

                     The Charleston County Park and Recreation Commission currently operates four parks:
                     Beachwalker Park, Folly Beach County Park, Palmetto Islands County Park, and James Island
                     County Park. There are no other planned or existing County park facilities on James Island.

                     The City of Charleston owns and operates three existing recreation facilities on James Island,
                     with five additional facilities planned. The Town of James Island has plans for two parks.
                     The Charleston 2000 publication, adopted by the City in 1991, calls for developing "parks that
                     are in continuous network, such as walking and biking trails to connect neighborhoods. "                             I
                     However, these inter-connections, such as the bikeways previously discussed, are currently only
                     in the planning stages for James Island County Park.

                                                                    V-2








                      PARK PROPERTY LINE
                                                                                       ALTERNATE A
                                                                                                 CIMILEN      ou                                     DQUARTERS
                                                                                         ATE C
                                                           CAMPING             ALTERW

                                                                                                          ALT
                                                                                                                ERNATE D

                                                                                 El CYCLE PATH

                                  VACATION                                                                                   EA   Ir.,

                                                                                                                           TO
                                                                                                                      SHELrER
                                                                                                                     RESTROOMS


                                                                                                  FUTURE
                                                                                                J@INIA 2-URE
                                         A                                                      GOL @AND pj
                                                                                                    JVA                                                                                     LEGEND
                                                                                                    JAI   A
                                                                                                          oms                                                                ALTERNATE A
                                                                                               B      .4RD Roov
                                                         0                                          EPA L BoA T .       s                      -FL                           ALTERNATE C
                                                     ALIT                                                                                      'KIN
                                                                                                          u                                                                  ALTERNATE D           - - - - - -
                                                                                                          A                                   ur
                                                                                                                                              4 TER
                                                                                                                            LAKE              zA r

                                      Rï¿½H                         A 7-Ir         0          VEAD6         RFLO#
                                                                                                                                              r MA11C.S.





                                                                          0


                                                                            TO

                                                              RES    00
                                                                                                                                                                     FQW         CM
                                                  ........                                                                                                                   TON
                                                                                                                                                                               ON       ISM



                                                                 BIN
                                                  OOCA--                                                                                                                                y      DA
                                                                                                                          JAMES               ISLAND                COUNT                        /-IRK
                                                                                                                                                         MASTER PLAN
                                                                                                                          200     0   200
                                                                                                                                                                                                  JULY 1991
                                                                                                                            Scale    Feet


                                                                MARK CLARK EXPRESSWAY                                                                                                                          IGUM
                                                                                                                                IMPACT TO JAMES ISLAND COUNTY PARK ,                                          V-1









                       The construction of certain facilities within the park has involved funding from the State of South
                       Carolina that would restrict those facilities to park use; however, no state funds were used for
                       any park facilities within the right-of-ways of any of the alternates for the proposed project.
                       There are no other clauses affecting clear ownership of the park by the Charleston County Parks
                       and Recreation Commission, other than the electric transmission lines easement.

                       2. Impact
                       The proposed alignment for Alternates A, C. and D would cross through the northern section
                       of the park. They would cross the areas for the primitive tent/group camping and the challenge
                       course (which includes facilities for group outdoor "challenge" activities). Alternates A and C
                       would also take the park Headquarters Building. Alternate A would take approximately 40.3
                       acres of park land, including 17.7 acres of marshland. Alternate C would take 40.9 acres of
                       park land, while severing another 45.0 acres. Alternate D would take 41.1 acres, while severing
                       64.3 acres.


                       Portions of the park within 208 feet of the proposed alignment's centerline can be expected to
                       experience traffic noise levels above the FHWA noise abatement criteria. This would include
                       portions of the tent/group camping area and the challenge course area across the northern
                       boundary of the park. With Alternate A, the northernmost vacation cottage and the RV.
                       campground would be about 750 feet south of the proposed centerline and would experience a
                       12 dBA noise increase (from 46 to 58 dBA). This increase is not considered substantial, and
                       projected noise levels are well below FHWA noise abatement criteria. (See Technical
                       Memorandum on Noise Analysis, Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc., February 1993 and January
                       1995).

                       The northernmost vacation cottage and the RV campground would be about 430 feet south of the
                       proposed centerline for Alternate C and would experience a 16 dBA noise increase (from 46 to
                       62 dBA). This increase is considered substantial, although projected noise levels are below
                       FHWA noise abatement criteria.


                       For Alternate D, the northernmost vacation cottages and RV campground would be
                       approximately 305 feet from the proposed centerline. These receptors would experience a
                       substantial 17 dBA noise increase (from 46 to 63 dBA).

                       Noise impacts on park activities for all four alternative are shown in Table V-1.















                                                                       V-3













                                                                 TABLE V-1
                                          NOISE IMIPACTS IN JAMES ISLAND COUNTY PARK

                                                  Cottages                                          C:ampsites
                                               Apgrcoeal or                                      Approach or
                              Substantial                                      Substantial     E."ed Criteria
                 Alt           Increase          Criteria        Total*         Increase                            Total*


                 A               0                0              0                0                 0                 0


                 B               0                0              0                0                 0                 0


                 C               2                0              2                21                0                 21


                 D               4                0              4                45                0                 45

                                        * Excluding Double Counting


                     No adverse air quality impacts are anticipated in the vicinity of the Expressway.

                     A preliminary noise barrier analysis was performed for James Island County Park. A 3,000-
                     foot-long noise barrier, placed on the edge of the roadway shoulder (60 feet from centerline)
                     was evaluated. Results of the analysis indicated that a 10-foot-high noise barrier would reduce
                     the noise impact at the northermnost cottages and campgrounds from 62 to 58 dBA (4 dBA
                     reduction) and the Alternate D noise impact from 63 to 59 dBA ( 4 dBA reduction). With a
                     12-foot high noise barrier, the noise level at the northernmost cottage and campgrounds would
                     be 57 dBA for Alternate C and 58 dBA for Alternate D.


                     Because of the difference in elevation between the roadway and the park, a noise barrier
                     located at the edge of right-of-way (125 feet from centerline) would not be effective and was
                     not evaluated.


                     The proposed alignment for Alternates A, C, and D would result in visual impacts. Alternates
                     C and D would have the greatest visual impact due to their proximity to park activities. If
                     noise barriers are included the visual impact would be worsened by raising the visual profile
                     of the expressway. The raised highway and bridge across the marshlands near the park and
                     across the Stono River will be visible to patrons of the park looking to the north from points
                     on or near the western border of the park and from the remaining tent/group camping and
                     challenge course areas. Planting additional vegetation within the park to replace the trees lost
                     to Hugo would limit the visual impact to the park, particularly the RV campground.


                     3. Avoidance Alternatives
                     Use of Alternate B in this portion of the study area would constitute an avoidance alternative.
                     Alternate B would result in reduced noise and visual impacts within the park in comparison
                     with Alternate A. The noise level at the northern boundary of the park, in the tent camping
                     and challenge course area, would be 62 dBA, a reduction of 5 dBA from Alternate A. The
                     noise level at the northernmost vacation cottage and the RV campground would be 53 dBA,
                     an increase of 7 dBA from existing noise levels and reduction of 5 dBA from Alternate A. No
                     other impacts on the park would result from use of Alternate B.



                                                                    V-4










                       4. Measures to Minimize Harm
                       The proposed alignment for Alternate A is designed with the northern edge of the right-of-way
                       coincident with the northern property line of the park. This design allows for a minimum
                       amount of park land to be taken and keeps the park from being severed by the highway.

                       Alternate C is the original alignment that was established before the park was developed. As
                       such the alignment itself does not minimize harm to the park, although the narrow strip
                       between the road and the power line can be used for landscaping and visual screening. The
                       Alternate D alignment modifies the original Alternate C alignment by shifting the road right-
                       of-way so that it is adjacent to the power line right-of-way. This shift avoids leaving a narrow
                       strip of land between the road and the power line while maximizing the size of the remaining
                       park parcel north of the highway.

                       Further measures to minimize harm to the park could include noise barriers where appropriate
                       (as discussed above) and vegetative screening to limit adverse visual impact. The design would
                       attempt to leave as much natural vegetation, especially trees, as possible intact during
                       construction of the proposed project, with the potential for planting additional trees and
                       screening vegetation within the park. Depressing the grade within the park is not feasible
                       because of the low ground elevation.

                       Because of the use of Land and Water Conservation Fund grants for the park, selection of
                       Alternatives A, C, or D would require that replacement property of reasonably equal
                       usefulness and location and of at least equal fair market value be provided.

                       5. Coordination
                       Picnic shelters, bike trails, and a dock expansion at James Island County Park have been
                       financed in part by Land and Water Conservation Fund grants.

                       Coordination with Charleston County Parks and Recreation Commission (PRC) has been
                       maintained since the beginning of this study. A meeting with PRC staff took place in May
                       1992, during which PRC expressed preference for an alignment avoiding the park, particularly
                       the park headquarters building. The PRC was also included in a public meeting regarding this
                       project and the James Island Expressway in July 1992. Further meetings including SCDOT,
                       PRC, FHWA, elected officials, and citizens took place in 1993 and 1994 following the public
                       meeting. These meetings included discussions regarding the early planning of the park and
                       its consideration of the adopted 1972 corridor. The alternatives were discussed with PRC
                       staff and the alignment for Alternate A was developed in consultation with them. PRC
                       indicated that if an alternative takes parkland, the impact should be minimized by placing the
                       alignment at the property line to avoid severing any park property. Copies of alternative
                       alignments have been provided to the PRC.

                       Copies of this 4(f)/6(f) document will be circulated to the Department of Interior - National
                       Park Service, the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism, and the
                       Charleston County Parks and Recreation Commission.







                                                                      V-5









                     B. West Ashlgy GreenwU - Section 4(f) Evaluation

                     1. Description of 4(f) Property
                     The West Ashley Greenway, formerly known as the West Ashley Bikeway South, is located
                     approximately 900 feet south of US 17. The greenway is located on the abandoned Croghan
                     Branch of the Seaboard System Railroad, Inc. right-of-way. The greenway is located within
                     the same right-of-way as a utility corridor. Figure V-2 shows the location of the greenway and
                     its relationship to the proposed expressway.

                     The property was purchased in 1985 by the Commissioners of Public Works of the City of
                     Charleston. In 1991, the Commissioners of Public Works leased the property to the City of
                     Charleston for twenty-five years. The lease agreement provides that the City may use the
                     property for recreational purposes as a passive public greenway, including landscaping,
                     pedestrian and bicycle paths, and seating.        Other uses require prior approval of the
                     Commissioners of Public Works.


                     The greenway is approximately 7.75 miles long, and is unpaved. Crushed rock has been
                     placed at intersections with local streets. City staff from the Department of Parks indicate that
                     the greenway is regularly used by pedestrians and for non-motorized vehicular uses as a
                     recreational facility and as an off-road connector between neighborhoods in the area. No
                     usage estimates are available from the City's Department of Parks.

                     2. Impact
                     The corridor selection was re-examined during preparation of this document. All of the
                     corridors would bisect the greenway in approximately the same location, and no revisions to
                     the corridors were made as a result of the greenway. Only one alternative has been identified
                     for this section of the Expressway.

                     Approximately 0.8 acres of the greenway would be crossed by the Expressway, as shown in
                     Figure V-2. No adverse air quality or noise impacts are anticipated in the vicinity of the
                     Expressway. The proposed alignment would result in visual impacts as currently unrestricted
                     views of the greenway would be impeded by the proposed underpass. Planting additional
                     vegetation at both ends of the underpass would reduce the visual impacts. The greenway
                     would have to be closed for a period of time during construction of the Expressway.
                     Construction will be phased to minimize the period of closure.


                     3. Avoidance Alternatives
                     In this section of the project, only one alignment has been identified. Because of the north-
                     west orientation of the proposed action, and the east-west orientation of the greenway, any
                     alignment would have a similar effect on the greenway.

                     4. Measures to Minimize Hann
                     The proposed Expressway includes providing an underpass to maintain the West Ashley
                     Greenway continuously, either in its existing location or utilizing the proposed Clayton Drive
                     underpass which would avoid severing the greenway. In one alternative, the greenway would
                     utilize the underpass to run under the proposed Expressway; the approximate length of the
                     underpass is 300 feet. Lighting will be provided in the structure unless the Clayton Drive
                     location is used. The second alternative would relocate the greenway along the planned
                     connector and Clayton Drive, and then along the west side of the Expressway right-of-way to

                                                                    V-6



















                                     E                                  Lu
                           Ll  0                                        uj
                         AIR    "DRIV                                   Ix
                                                                        co
                                                                        0
                                                                        a
                                               Lu
                                               lu
                                                                        ir




                              LEGEND

                              EXISTING ROAD
                              PLANNED ROAD
                              EXISTING GREENWAY
             '32,
                              POTENTIAL GREENWAY
                              RELOCATION
                                                               GREENWAY
                                                             RIGHT OF WAY


                                             Lu
                                             -J        PROPOSED
                                                      UNDERPASS





                                      MARK            CLARK        EXPRESSWAY






                         PLANNED          C*)Z
                       CONNECTOR




                74                                              N,




                                                200        0         200


                                                Scale              Feet



                                  MARK CLARK                  IMPACT To
                                  EXPRESSWAY           WEST ASHLEY GREENWAY









                      the existing greenway. This alternative would involve the construction of approximately 1,700
                      feet of relocated greenway to replace 850 feet of existing greenway.

                      Further measures to minimize harm could include noise barriers where appropriate and
                      vegetative screening to limit adverse visual impact. This would include attempts to leave as
                      much natural vegetation, especially trees, intact as possible during construction, with the
                      potential for planting additional trees and screening vegetation on the periphery of the
                      greenway.


                      5. Coordination
                      Coordination with the City's Parks Department indicates that the greenway is included in the
                      City's Park Plan.










































                                                                    V-7










                                                           CHAPTER VI
                                                      LIST OF PREPARERS



                     Federal Highway Administration

                     Kenneth R. Myers
                     Planning and Environmental Engineer

                     South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation

                     Williani M. DuBose, P.E.
                     Director of Pre-Construction


                     W. Kevin Sheppard
                     Project Engineer


                     Paul F. Embler
                     Environmental Program Administrator

                     Kiniley-Horn and Associates, Inc.

                     Robert D. Vanderlyn, P.E.
                     Project Manager

                     Laurence J. Meisner, P.E., AICP
                     Environmental Study Manager

                     Bruce G. Leonard, P.E.
                     Director, Roadway Studies

                     Charles A. Nuckols, 111, P.E.
                     Roadway Design Engineer

                     Mark E. Atkinson, P.E.
                     Environmental Engineer

                     John D. Walker, E.I.T.
                     Transportation Analyst

                     Robert E. Norbum, E.I.T.
                     Transportation Analyst











                                                                 VI-I











                  CZR. Inc.


                  James M. Hudgens
                  Director, Biological Studies and Permitting

                  Samuel E. Wiley
                  Senior Biologist


                  Brad Melko
                  Biologist


                  New South Associates, Inc.


                  Thomas R. Wheaton
                  Study Director

                  Mary Beth Reed
                  Architectural Historian

















































                                                            VI-2










                                                      CHAPTER VII


                          LIST OF AGENCEES9 ORGANIZATIONS, AND PERSONS TO WHOM
                                        COPIES OF THE STATEMENT ARE SENT



                    U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
                    U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
                    U.S. Department of the Interior
                    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Charleston)
                    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region IV
                    U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                    National Marine Fisheries Service
                    U.S. Coast Guard
                    S.C. Department of Archives & History
                    S.C. Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism
                    S.C. Wildlife & Marine Resources Department
                    S.C. Water Resources Commission
                    S.C. State Development Board
                    S.C. Department of Health & Environmental Control
                    S.C. Land Resources Conservation Commission
                    S.C. Coastal Conservation League
                    Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology
                    Grice Marine Biological Laboratory
                    Governor's Office
                    South Carolina Coastal Council
                    Lowcountry Regional Planning Council
                    Charleston Chamber of Commerce
                    Columbia Audubon Society
                    S.C. Wildlife Federation
                    South Carolina Nature Conservancy
                    Coastal Environmental Coalition
                    Sierra Club
                    Wildlife Action, Inc.
                    Chicora Foundation
                    Garden Club of America
                    NAACP Branch President
                    Local League of Women Voters
                    State Senator McConnell
                    State Representative Gonzales
                    Mayor of Charleston
                    Highway Commissioner
                    Charleston County Administrator
                    Charleston County Development Director








                                                            V11-1










                                                           CHAPTER VIII


                                               COMMENTS AND COORDINATION



                      The Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement was coordinated with Federal, State,
                      and local agencies and organizations, as well as with the public through an extensive public
                      involvement plan. A Notice of Intent to prepare an environmental document was published
                      on May 22, 1992 in The Federal Register.

                      A. Agencies and Organizations

                      Specific agencies and organizations contacted during the study process are listed below.
                      Scoping letters were distributed to these agencies and individuals on May 11, 1992. Written
                      responses from these agencies are included in Appendix A.

                      Federal Agencies

                             -   U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Charleston)
                             -   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region IV
                             -   U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                             -   National Marine Fisheries Service
                             -   U.S. Coast Guard
                             -   U.S. Geologic Survey
                             -   National Park Service
                             -   Federal Emergency Management Agency


                      State Agencies and Elected Officials


                             -   S.C. Department of Archives & History
                             -   S.C. Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism
                             -   S.C. Wildlife & Marine Resources Department
                             -   S.C. Water Resources Commission
                             -   S.C. Department of Health & Environmental Control
                                 S.C. Forestry Commission
                             -   S.C. Human Affairs Commission
                             -   Nature Conservancy
                                 Governor's Office
                             -   South Carolina Coastal Council
                             -   State Senator McConnell
                             -   State Representative Gonzales
                             -   Highway Commissioner Harrell

                      Local Agencies


                             -   City of Charleston
                             -   Charleston County
                             -   Carolina Coastal College
                             -   Charleston County Park and Recreation Department


                                                                  V111-1










                     Meetings Held


                     Site review meetings were held with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the S.C. Coastal
                     Council (now OCRM) field representatives to establish and confirm jurisdictional wetland
                     boundaries. SCDOT representatives also attended an interagency coordination meeting in
                     Charleston on January 6, 1993 to discuss wetland issues, including bridge length.

                     Key Issues Identified

                     The responses of various resource agencies to requests for input into project planning and
                     environmental studies indicate the following key issues:

                            (1) Consideration should be given to avoiding and minimizing impacts to estuarine (salt
                                marshes associated with the Stono River) and freshwater wetlands.

                            (2) Construction-related techniques to minimize impacts to wetlands should be
                                identified.


                            (3) Mitigation for unavoidable impacts should focus on restoration of previously
                                impacted wetlands.

                     Coordination Meeting 6/8/95

                     Copies of the Natural Resources Technical Memorandum and a summary of the bridge length
                     analysis results were provided to permit and resource agencies prior to this meeting.

                     Following is a summary of agency comments from the meeting and responses:

                     I .    One commentor suggested that ratios should be based on creation of new wetlands rather
                            than enhancement of existing wetlands.

                            Over the recent years the majority ofpermit and resource agencies have tended to move
                            away from creation in favor of enhancement. The ratios used in the bridge vs. fill
                            analysis are includedfor order of magnitude comparison only and adjustments will not
                            affect the resultsfor this purpose.

                     2.     One commentor indicated that the mitigation option for saltwater wetlands (as opposed
                            to avoidance) should not be considered at this stage of the document. Another indicated
                            that all saltwater areas should be bridged.

                            The intention of showing alternatives in the draft document is to disclose to the public,
                            interested agencies, and decisionmakers the range ofpotential environmental effects and
                            the relative costs associated with various mitigation options. Therefore, we have
                            retained the option in this Draft document.

                     3.     One commentor indicated that the acquisition cost of mitigation area for wetlands should
                            be $75,000 and $15,000 for creation.




                                                                   VIII-2









                              We feel that the suggested price for acquisition is to high. Prices included in the
                              document were based on a preliminary search for available lands and best available
                              information was used Again, for purposes of this preliminary analysis, only an order
                              of magnitude comparison is needed. Estimates will be refined as the project develops
                              and more detailedproject and mitigation plans are prepared

                       4.     A suggestion was made to reduce the median width; a statement was made that the 48'
                              median width was unacceptable.

                              A 48' median width was assumed in      the preliminary design for consistency with the
                              existingportion of the route. From the standpoint of safety to travelling public, wefind
                              .that the proposed median is both desirable and acceptable. This would also provide the
                              opportunityfor ex'panding the facility if needed in the future with lower public cost and
                              minimal environmental impacts. Therefore, for purposes of this draft document, the 48'
                              median is utilizedfor the analysis.

                       5.     One request was made to include in the analysis the difference in bridge lengths as well
                              as the difference in acres for the bridge vs. fill alternatives.

                              The embankment alternative as currently proposed has 12,405feet of bridge, including
                              the two Stono River bridges but not including the relatively short bridges at Savannah
                              Highway, Folly Road, and James Island Creek tributary. The bridge alternative as
                              currently proposed has an additional 13,195 feet of bridge in the three study areas
                              (Johns Island, Headquarters Island, and County Park), for a total of 25,600 feet of
                              bridge.

                       6.     The Final Supplement EIS should discuss construction techniques for the bridges.

                              We willprovide additional information regarding bridge construction techniques in the
                              FEIS following review of written comments on the DEIS andfurther refinement of
                              bridge design.

                       7.     A question was raised about how ston-nwater will be treated on the bridges.

                              We will provide additional information regarding stormwater treatment in the FEIS
                              following review of written comments on the DEIS andfurther refinement of bridge
                              design.

















                                                                     VIII-3









                    B. Public Meetings

                    A public meeting was held in James Island in July 1992 to discuss this project and the adjacent
                    James Island Expressway. Approximately 200 citizens attended the meeting, which included
                    SCDOT staff and elected officials. Several citizens expressed concern regarding the route's
                    impact on the Bradham Road area and urged that it be moved onto James Island County Park.
                    Representatives of SCDOT met with Town of James Island officials on July 8, 1993. The two
                    studied alternatives were presented and the general impacts discussed. A representative of the
                    local community was included in the meetings.

                    An informal public meeting on this project was held at James Island High School on
                    Wednesday, August 25, 1993, between 4:00 and 7:00 PM. The format of the meeting was a
                    walk-through workshop, with engineers and planners available to answer questions and accept
                    comments. Right-of-way staff were also available to answer questions regarding relocation and
                    property acquisition procedures. Two sets of public hearing maps were displayed, which
                    showed the alternative alignments, affected properties, and other topographic features.
                    Approximately 250 members of the public attended the meeting. The following comments or
                    concerns were expressed:

                            -   Several people expressed the need for the project and hoped that it could be built
                                quickly.

                            -   Some residents and property owners in the Headquarters Plantation development
                                objected to the road's proximity to portions of that development.

                            -   Many of the people attending the meeting were interested in the schedule for
                                acquiring right-of-way and constructing the highway.

                                Some owners of large tracts of property were cohcerned by the project's severing
                                portions of their property.

                                In general, residents of affected parcels were concerned by the proximity of the road
                                to their property.

                            -   Several residents asked about the location of noise barriers.


                            -   Approximately 75 residents of Bradham Road and the adjoining community who
                                attended the meeting strongly objected to Alternate B, favoring Alternate A or the
                                original corridor through what is now James Island County Park property. Some of
                                these residents were particularly interested in the Section 4(f) regulations.


                    C. Public Hearing

                    A combined corridor/design public hearing will be conducted by SCDOT after distribution of
                    the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. The purpose of the public hearing is
                    to receive comments from the public so that the comments can be considered in recommending
                    a corridor and design for the Mark Clark Expressway. Comments received at the public hearing
                    will be in the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement.


                                                                   VIII-4










                                                                       CHAPTERIX
                                                                          JNDEX



                               ToRi:c                                                                        Page No.
                               Air Quality                                                                   111-6, IV-6
                               Alternatives                                                                  11-1.
                               Archaeological/Historical Sites                                               111-8, IV-16
                               Businesses                                                                    111-1, IV-3
                               Churches                                                                      IV-3
                               Community Cohesion                                                            IV-1
                               Economic Conditions                                                           1-2, IV-2
                               Endangered Species                                                            111-3, IV-14
                               Farmlands                                                                     111-8, IV-15
                               Floodplain. Involvement                                                       111-8
                               Hazardous Waste                                                               111-6, IV-16
                               Hydrology                                                                     111-4, IV-19
                               Land Use, Existing                                                            III-I, IV-1
                               Need for Improvement                                                          1-2
                               Noise                                                                         111-4, IV-6
                               Parks and Recreation Facilities                                               111-2, IV-2, V-1
                               Permits                                                                       111-3
                               Planning, Transportation                                                      IV-1.
                               Planning, Land Use                                                            IV-1
                               Population Characteristics                                                    111-1.
                               Preparers                                                                     VI-I
                               Protected Species                                                             111-3, IV-18
                               Public Involvement                                                            Vil- I, Vill-1
                               Relocations                                                                   IV-4
                               Safety                                                                        1-1, IV-4
                               Section 4(f)                                                                  V-1
                               Schools                                                                       111-2, IV-3
                               Traffic, Demand                                                               1-1
                               Vegetation                                                                    111-2, IV-9
                               Water Quality                                                                 111-3, IV-14
                               Wetlands                                                                      111-2, IV-9
                               Wildlife                                                                      111-3, JV-9
















                                                                                 IX-1



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                     AGENCY RESPONSES
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                                                                      TAKE
                     UI-Ilted States Department of the Iii(enor     MDE IN
                               I
                                'ISH AND WILDLIFL SLIZVICE          AMMCA@@
                                -


                                      P.O. BOX 12559
                                  217 FORT JO11NSON* ROAD
                             CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29412

                                      May 21, 1992






             Mr. Robert L. White
             State Highway Engineer
             S.C. Department of Highways and Public Transportation
             P.O. Box 191
             Columbia, SC 2920


             Re:  Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement - 1-526,
                  Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to
                  S.C. Route 171 in Charleston County.

             Dear Mr. White:

             This responds to your May 11, 1992 solicitation for    input
             with particular reference to the project's effects on the
             natural and human environment. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife
             Service (Service) offers the following 11scoping" input for
             issues which should be addressed in the supplemental EIS for
             the project.

             The general alignment of the project includes two crossings
             of the Stono River. It will also traverse marsh and creek
             system tributaries of the Stono. These are sensitive
             environmental areas contributing much to the recreational,
             aesthetic, and fish and wildlife resource amenities of the
             local area. Therefore, the document should explore
             alternatives to avoid, minimize and compensate for
             unavoidable impacts to these areas.

             Crossing the Stono River creeks, marshes, and mainstem
             should be planned on structure. The intersection with
             Maybank Highway should be planned on highground.
             Alternative construction techniques which minimize short and
             long term impacts to the marsh and creek systems should be
             explored and the least damaging, practicable alternative,
             selected and specified. Compensation mitigation options for
             unavoidable impacts to marsh and wetland systems should also
             be explored and identified in the document. Exploration of
             alignment shifts to avoid wetlands, large live oaks, and
             other sensitive and valuable resources in the alignment
             should be included in the document.









           In preparation of the document, reference should be made to
           the standard endangered species list for Charleston County.
           Please contact us if you need an update of the County lists
           (the latest update is dated May 1, 1992).    Habitats in the
           project area should be compared to those suitable for the
           species on the list.    Suitable habitats should be surveyed
           for the presence of the species if appropriate and/or an
           assessment of project impacts on the species should be
           prepared and incorporated into the document.

           We appreciate this opportunity for early planning input and
           look forward towards continued coordination through the
           planning and permitting process.


                                     Sincerely yourst
                                      a4. /77. uj@-J-U@                             I
                                    Edwin M. EuDaly
                                    Acting Field Supervisor

           EME/SG/km









             mew
                            UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
          `1+1_1t PR011_0@                       REGION IV
                                          345 COURTLAND STREET, N.E.
               fJUN 1 1 1992               ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30365       r.1
                                                                                    1@@' i 7

             Mr. Samuel E. Wiley
             CZR Incorporated                                                      10, 92
             1150 South U.S. Highway 1, Suite 201
             Jupiter, Florida 33477-7236
                                                                                   L@@; RDA
                                                                        J U IF
             RE: Mark Clark Expressway    Charleston, South Carolina

             Dear Mr. Wiley:

             The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has received your request
             for information regarding the presence of designated Sale Source Aquifers
             and Wellhead Protection Areas within the area encompassed by the above
             referenced project. We appreciate your inquiry.

             Under the authority of Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act
             (SDWA), EPA reviews federally-funded projects with respect to their
             potential impacts on ground water if the projects are located in areas
             that have "an aquifer which is the sole or principal drinking water source
             for the area and which, if contaminated, would create a significant hazard
             to public health". The subject property is not located in an area that
             has been designated as a Sole Source Aquifer, and EPA is not in receipt of
             a petition to designate any portion of the property as such. Hence, this
             project is not affected by the Sole Source Aquifer Program.

             In regard to your request for information concerning the presence of
             Wellhead Protection Areas within the project area, please keep in mind
             that states maintain the primary responsibility for Wellhead Protection
             activities, while EPA's role is primarily one of oversight, Presently,
             EPA does not maintain an inventory of designated Wellhead Protection Areas
             within South Carolina. The information you requested is available through
             the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
             (SCDHEC). The primary SCDHEC contact for inquiries related to Wellhead
             Protection is Mr. David Baize. Mr. Baize can be reached by telephone at
             (803) 734-5329. His mailing address is. as follows:

                           Assessment and Development Section
                           South Carolina Department of Health
                             and Environmental Control
                           2600 Bull Street
                           Columbia, SC 29201


             I hope this information is of help to you. If you have any questions,
             please do not hesitate to contact me at (404) 347-3866.

             Sincerely yours,





             Dale Froneberger
             Ground-Water Management Unit


                                                                                 Printed on Recycled Paper









                                         DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

                                        CHARLESTON DISTRICT. CORPS OF ENGINEERS

                                                   P.O. Box 919

                                             CHARLESTON, S.C. 29402-0919
                         REPLY TO
                         ATTENTION OF           June 29, 1992

             Regul atory Branch





             Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
             Environmental Program Administrator
             South Carolina Deoartment of
               Highways & Public Transportation
             Post Office Box 191
             Columbia, South Carolina 29202

             Dear Mr. Ferrell:

                     This is in  response to your letter dated May 11, 1992, requesting
             our comments on a   proposed Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for
             the remaining portion of 1-526 (Mark Clark Expressway) to be constructed
             from S. C. Route 7 to S. C. Route 171 in Charleston County, South Carolina.

                     After reviewing the information provided, it is apparent that large
             expanses of tidal estuarine wetlands are located within a majority of the
             proposed highway corridor. Also, there is a high probability that isolated
             pockets of freshwater wetlands will be located within the highland portions
             of the corridor. If roadway embankment construction involves the discharge
             of dredged or fill material in these wetland areas, a Department of the
             Army permit will be required under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.

                    If wetland impacts are identified, I have inclosed two documents
             entitled "Applying NEPA TO The 404 Permit Process" and "Mitigation
             Information Needs."     Your use of the information and guidance contained in
             these documents will allow for a more complete and thorough review of the
             proposed project, practicable alternatives and mitigation. A beneficial
             result of this type'of appLrjoach will be an overall reduction in the time
             required to obtain a decision on a permit.

                    As you are probably aware, Congress recently passed the Intermodal
             Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (,ISTEA). ISTEA strongly
             emphasizes that the document "Applying The Sect*ion 404 Permit Process to
             Federal-Aid Highway Projects" will be fully implemented as an official
             policy of the Federal Highway Administration, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
             and the Environmental Protection Agency. Since this document is no
             stranger to our agencies, I feel that we can and will fully adhere to its
             intent and purpose on this project as well as future projects.











                                               -2-

                 Also, I have coordinated your project with our Engineering and
           Planning Division. They recommend that if rip-rap is to be placed around
           bridge piers then a containment sheet pile wall should be constructed.

                 I would like to thank you for the opportunity to comment on this
           project and if we can be of any further assistance, please do not hesitate
           to contact Mr. Fred Veal of my staff at A/C 803-727-4684.

                                               Sincerely,




                                               Clarence A. Ham
                                               Chief, Regulatory Branch


           Enclosure










                                           Mitigation Information Needs


                 Site specific mitigation  requirements may affect u  se of the elements outlined
                 below. However, in most   cases the mitigation plan should include the
                 following information:

                 l. A description of the   location, acreage,   and type of wetlands eliminated
                 and brief explanation of  known or anticipated functional values.      Also, a map
                 of the project area and site specific design drawings or overlays.

                 2. A description of the location, acreage, and type of replacement wetl        ands
                 Also, a map of the mitigation site along with site-specific design drawings or
                 overlays. Also, a description of existing habitat values and functions at the
                 mitigation site.

                 3. A description of the elevation, slope, and/or contours to be constructed
                 at the mitigation site.   Note:  The site should be excavated to an elevation
                 6 inches lower than the a'djacent wetlands and backfilled with organic material
                 from the impacted site to establish an elevation and substrate equivalent to
                 the desired habitat.

                 4. The location and dimensions of the hydrological connection with adjacent
                 wet-lands or open water.  The design of the mitigation site should maximize the
                 "edge effect" to promote biological interaction with adjacent waters.       If
                 interior, isolated wetlands are created/restored, information relative to
                 hydrological success (i.e. groundwater or runoff source) should be identified.

                 5. A description of the replacement habitat construction techniques and
                 limitations on construction alternatives needed to avoid impacting adjacent
                 wetlands.

                 6. A description of transplanting techniques, including species, spacing, and
                 schedule (time of year). Also, the source of transplants (i.e., from adjace@t
                 natural wetlands or greenhouse stock).    If obtaining from natural sources,
                 techniques, sites, and other information needed to assure impact minimization
                 should be provided.

                 7. Plans for stabilization of the wetland/uplands interface to prevent
                 erosion of sediments into the mitigation site.    Also, plans for needed
                 stabilization of the mitigation site.

                 8. A plan to monitor the mitigation site at the time-of completion and
                 periodically after completion. Transects with fixed stations should be
                 established, and at each time interval, documentation, using color
                 photography, should be provided.

                 9. Develop criteria for evaluation of success.     Note:   Criteria should
                 include measure of'vegetation aerial coverage and growth.     Mitigation will
                 generally be regarded to be successful with attainment of 75 percent aerial
                 coverage and growth of the transplants.

                 10. Identification of remedial measures (e.g., regarding the site to adjust
                 the elevation and/or replanting) that will be taken to meet the established









            performance criteria, if necessary.

            11.  Measures to ensure that the mitigation site will remain in perpetuity as
            wetlands.

            12.  Plans showing that the mitigation site and associated planting will be
            completed prior to or concurrently with project construction.

            Review agencies will be provided with the results of each monitoring effort
            and will make recommendations, as needed, to assure attainment of the desired
            mitigation. At the end of the two year monitoring period, the applicant's
            responsibility for creation of replacement wetlands will be completed, pend.ing
            approval by the review agencies and the Corps of Engineers.

            Finally, the mitigation plan should be attached to and incorporated by
            reference in the issued permit so that the permit is revocable if the
            requirements of.the plan are not met.









                                 APPLYING NEPA TO THE 404 PERMIT PROCESS


              This document is to assist the South Carolina Department of Highways and
              Public Transportation in the preparation of environmental assessments as they
              pertain to Department of the Army permitting and compliance with the 404(b)(1)
              Guidelines. Some of the recommendations contained herein can be applied to
              NEPA documentation in order to facilitate the permit review.

              In an effort to improve communication between the Highway Department and the
              various regulatory environmental agencies, we have identified a pattern of
              problems in the documentation. Those subjects are alternative analysis,
              minimization of wetland impacts and mitigation for unavoidable impacts.

              The Highway Department has indicated that the alternative analysis issue has
              usually been addressed during the NEPA process and the agencies are requiring
              them to go through the process twice. The resource agencies contend that the
              alternative analysis provided during the NEPA documentation is not specific
              enough to comply with the 404(b)(1) Guidelines that are part of the Corps
              permit review. Also, mitigation is rarely addressed during the NEPA process
              since the specific-environmental impacts are seldom known at that point in
              time.




                                              ALTERNATIVES

              An adequate alternative analysis is a requirement of the NEPA process and the
              404(b)(1) Guidelines. Alternatives are seldom disputed for road widening
              projects for obvious reasons. It is new roadway alignments that generate
              controversy on alternatives. The resource agencies usually prefer
              improvements to existing roadways over new alignments.

              An alternative analysis that only addresses the preferred, the most
              economical, the no build, the mass transit and the road widening through a
              developed area is not, in most cases, considered adequate. The preferred
              alternative should be the least environmentally damaging practicable one that
              will fulfill the basic purpose of the proposed project after taking into
              consideration cost, existing technology, and logistics. The alternative
              analysis should be presented in the following format:

              1. The project purpose must be clearly stated,

                 The applicant should start with the premise that the least environmentally
              amaging alternative is the preferred alternative until and unless adequate
              Ie*tailed analysis demonstrates that it is not practicable. Should
              practicality rule out this alternative, proceed to the next least
              environmentally damaging alternative and so on.

              The documentation of the various alternatives considered should proceed in the
              following manner:









             I   A map that depicts all wetlands in the study area. A National Wetland
             Inventory (NWI) map, if available, would be ideal for this purpose.      If a
             county soil survey or another type of map is used, the wetlands should be
             identified in accordance with the NWI classification system (Cowardin et al,
             1979).

             2.  A mylar overlay (the same scale as the above mentioned map) that depicts
             each alternative considered.

             3.  A mylar overlay that shows all properties that contain areas of historical
             interest or substantial improvements located in any of the alternative
             alignment corridors.

             4. A myl ar overl ay that shows areas that are 1 ikely to contain any Endangered
             or Threatened species.

             S. A matrix that describes the wetland impacts for each alternative
             considered. The matrix should contain the acreage, classification, and
             Resource Category (as defined in the FWS's Mitigation Policy (46 FR 7644-7663)
             of wetland impacts in the various alternatives.

             6. A description of the wetlands functions and values for the types
             identified in the various alternative alignments.     In some cases this may
             require a HEP or wet analysis.

             7.  A discussion of the rationale in the proposed designation of bridge vs.
             causeway wetland crossing. The resource agencies generally recommend
             maximizing the amount of wetlands crossed by bridging.

             8.  Any other information that was considered which led to the selection of
             the preferred alternative over a less environmentally damaging alternative.


                                                MITIGATION


             The Council of  Environmental Quality (CEO) has defined mitigation in its
             regulations at  40 CFR 1508.20 as including:   avoiding impacts, minimizing
             impacts, rectifying impacts, reducing impacts over time, and compensating for
             impacts.  To simplify this document these will be combined to form three
             general types:   avoidance, minimization and compensatory mitigation.

             As mentioned above it may be difficult to combine NEPA and the 404 permit
             process as they apply to mitigation since all the wetland impacts may not be
             known during a projects planning stage. However, when a road must cr ss a
             large linear wetland the highway planners should have a reasonably g1d idea
             as to the location, ty5e and amount of wetlands that will be impacted.     In a
             case where approximate wetland impacts are known, the Highway Department
             should propose specific mitigation during the NEPA process.    The Highway
             Department has indicated they often have difficulty providing mitigation in
             the vicinity of a project.   If the mitigation is not proposed' during the NEPA
             phase, then it must be provided during the permitting process and risk losing
             mitigation opportunities that were available during the early stages of the
             project.






              Th'e preferred mitigation is on-s Iite and in-kind. This means when a portion of
              a bottom land hardwood wetland is destroyed by a project, a new area of bottom
              land hardwood should be created or a degraded wetland restored/ enhanced in
              the immediate vicinity. The Highway Department has often stated that they are
              unable to condemn property for mitigation purposes. The resource agencies
              contend that mitigation is an integral part of roadway construction when
              wetlands are impacted. If permit applications are denied due to lack of
              suitable mitigation, then the mitigation or lack there of, may well be
              considered an integral part of the project. This controversy may have to be
              settled in the courts or by the Highway Department purchasing land in lieu of
              condemning it.

              A mitigation proposal should be specific. The location, acreage, and a
              description of the proposed mitigation should be provided. Plan and cross-
              sectional drawings that accurately depict the existing and proposed changes in
              the mitigation area should be included. Tidal range/elevation should be
              included if applicable. A detailed monitoring plan of the mitigation area and
              a contingency plan, should the proposed mitigation be unsuccessful, should
              also be provided.

              AVOIDANCE: As mentioned above, avoidance should be addressed in detail in the
              alternative analysis during the NEPA phase.

              MINIMIZATION: The Highway Department should take credit when they minimize
              impacts to wetlands. When documenting the impacts "filled wetlands" should be
              separated from "bridged wetlands" in the evaluation of wetland impacts. A
              reduction in the width of road shoulders or construction techniques that
              reduce impacts to wetlands should also be documented. Temporary construction
              impacts, if known, should also be addressed. In sensitive wetlands where
              bridges are to be constructed, the construction methods should be discussed.
              If it is not practicable to build the bridge without a temporary access road,
              or dredge and access canal, then it should be discussed in the Environmental
              Assessment or it will be assumed that a temporary access road or access can,41
              will not be necessary.

              COMPENSATION: Compensation for unavoidable impacts to wetlands is a
              reoccurring, problem area during the permit process. The Highway Department
              has requested assistance from the resource agencies in this area on several
              occasions. Budget and manpower restraints prevent the resource agencies from
              designing compensatory mitigation for every highway project. It is the
              Highway Departments responsibility. Therefore, the Highway Department will
              have to meet this requirement by increasing its inhouse personnel or
              contractual services. However, the resource agencies should both continue to
              provide general guidance regarding what should be included in the mitigation
              and its thoughts on the adequacy of plans submitted by the Highway Department.

                    Compensatory actfons should be undertaken, when practicable, in areas
              adjacent or contiguous to the discharge site (on-site compensatory
              mitigation). If on-site'compensatory mitigation is not practicable, off-site
              compensatory mitigation should be undertaken in the same geographic area
              (i.e., in close physical proximity and, to the extent possible, in the same
              watershed). In determining compensatory mitigation (e.g., restoration of ,
              existing degraded wetlands or creation of man made wetlands), the functional
              values lost by the resource to be impacted must be considered. In most cases,








            values lost by the resource to be impacted must be considered. In most cases,
            in-kind compensatory mitigation is preferable to out-of-kind. There is
            continued uncertainty regarding the success of wetland creation or other
            habitat development of this type. Therefore, in determining the nature and
            extent of habitat development of this type, careful consideration should be
            given to its likelihood of success.

                   The Federal Highway Administration has suggested the following
            mitigation measures: The use of uneconomic remnants for the purpose     of
            mitigation. Requiring contractors to borrow road fill material from      specific
            areas when the borrow material is satisfactory, cost efficient, and the area
            is suitable for mitigation. Use independent roadway alignments when loca    -ting
            new dual highways if such an arrangement would present opportunities for
            wetland creation or preservation. Design mitigation between ramps and
            roadways in interchange areas when possible.

                  The National Marine Fisheries Service has made the following mitigation
            recommendations: Remove abandoned causeways and plant suitable wetland
            vegetation. Open old dikes and embankments to reestablish natural inundation.
            Mitigation banking that provide benefits to NMFS trust resources that are
            impacted by a specific project.

                  Mitigation Banking can not be applied to every highway project, but it
            will expedite certain ones and it may be worth pursuing.     It will require the
            full participation of the regulatory agencies, the resource agencies, and the
            highway department. The Vandross Bay Bank would be a likely candidate to
            start with. If that one is successful others could be considered.




                                     -/c0j;F",V
                                                UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                                NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
                                          01      Southeast Regional Office
                                                  9450 Koger Boulevard
                                                  St. Petersburg, Florida 33702

                                                  June 16, 1992          F/SE021/RSS
            Mr. Robert L. White                                          919/728-5090
            'S. C. Department of Highways and
                 Public Transportation
            P. 0. Box 191
            Columbia, South Carolina 29202

            Attention: Kevin Sheppard

                      .h'

            Please reference your May 11, 1992, letter requesting our comments
            on the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) for the
            proposed 1-526 Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to S.C.
            Route 171 in Charleston County, South Carolina. We have reviewed
            the information provided in your letter and offer the following
            comments.

            The Stono River and its adjacent wetlands provide habitat for a
            variety of estuarine dependent and anadromous fishery resources.
            The proposed highway alignment under study crosses the Stono River
            and tributaries in two places and potentially adversely impacts
            wetlands   and   waters    that   support    both   commercially     and
            recreationally important fishery resources.             Therefore, we
            recommend that the SEIS include the following:

            1.   The SEIS should address bridge alignment alternatives that
            will avoid and minimize wetland losses.

            2.   The SEIS should describe the location, species, and acreage of
            wetlands potentially impacted by the alternatives considered.

                 The SEIS should provide a description of the aquatic organisms
            J
            found in the project area and an assessment of the impacts of the
            project's alternatives on these resources.

            4.   The SEIS should describe highway        and bridge construction
            alternatives that will minimize wetland losses.           We recommend
            bridging all wetlands to avoid loss of these important resources.

            5.   The alternative analysis in the SEIS should demonstrate that
            the   recommended     alternative     also    represent    the     least
            environmentally damaging alternative.









         6.   Bridge construction often requires temporary filling for
         access roads and/or excavation of channels for barge construction
         access. The SEIS should address the impact on wetlands and fishery
         resources of any construction related temporary wetland losses or
         fishery habitat alterations.

         7.   if, after avoidance and minimization of wetland involvement,
         the selected alternative requires unavoidable wetland losses, the
         SEIS should provide a mitigation plan to compensate for wetlands
         lost.

         The S. C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department is an excellent
         and reliable source of data concerning specific fishery resources
         in the project area. A representative of our Beaufort field office
         is available to discuss National Marine Fisheries Service's
         concerns at any time during the SEIS or permit review process.

                                             Since        r




                                             And as Mager, r.
                                             As istant Regional Director
                                             Habitat Conservation Division









                 -Zcuih Carolina
                   epartment of Transportation
                  P.C. Sox 191
                  @ciumbia, S.C. 29202-0191
                  Daniel P. Fanning, P.E.
                  IM-emor
                                                       Fe bruary 28, 1995                       MAR 0      1995



              Dr. George Vogt
              State Historic Preservation Officer
              South Carolina Dent of Archives & Historv
              P.O. Box 11669
              Columbia, SC 29211

              Subject         An Architectural Underwater Reconnaissance and Terrestrial Axchaeological
                              Survey of the Mark Clark Expressway Project from U. S. Highway 17 to FoUy
                              Beach Road by New South Associates

              Dear Dr. Vogt.

                      The Department's consultant has completed its archaeological and architectural
              investigations on the above referenced project and we have enclosed one copy of the report for
              your review and comment The research techniques included an intensive archaeological
              survey, underwater reconnaissance, and a historical architectural survey along alternate
              corridors of the project

                      The survey resulted in the identification of four archaeological sites and seven
              architectural sites. Of the four archaeological sites, (38CH1293) was evaluated not eligible for
              the National Register of Historic Places and no additional investigations are recommended.
              One site (38CH1146), the Fenwick Hall causewa , is eligible for the National Register of
                                                                    Y
              Historic Places and will require mitigation through data recovery. Site 38CH1148 is potentially
              eligibie for the INational Register and will require archaeological test excavations for a definitive
              assessment of eligiblitv if Alternate B is selected. Site 38CH1530 is potentially eligible for the
              National Register and will require archaeological test excavations if Altermates C or D are
              selected.

                      Of the seven historic structures, none are eligible for the National- Register. - No
              additional investigations are recommended.

                      In accordance with the memorandum of agreement approved by the Federal Highway
              Administration, March 16, 1995, the Department is providing this information as agency offical
              designee, as defined under 36 CFR 800.2, to ensure compliance with Section 106 of the National
              Historic Preservation Act
        W@ X-7f,




















                        -7





             Dr. George Vogt
             February 28, 1995
             Page 2


                    It is requested that you review the enclosed material and, if appropriate, indicate your
             concurrence in the Department's findings, thus implementing the Section 106 consultation
             process. Please respond within 30 days if you have any objections or if you have need of
             additional information.


                                                        Sincerely,




                                                         Paul F. Embler
                                                        Environmental Program Administrator


             Enclosure


             I (do) concur the above determination.

             Signed:                                                  Date:
        
              a few questions
                                 
                 Wayne, where is appedix C?                                                                                   
                 need site definition methodology  (ic fry. st s in                                                                                                     
                 were alt. C & D reconnavance or intensively surveyed?
                 Wayne Roberts answered these comments and a clean                                                                                      
                 final , final report is available (8-10-95)                                      





               FROM PROJECT DEV.              TO: 919196772050P6509491   SEP 20 ,1993   10:32AM #841 P.02



                                 South Carolina Department of Archives and History
                                     1430 Senate Street, P.O. Box 1l,669, Columbia South Carolina 29211 (803)734-8577
                                                 State Records (803) 734-7914 Local Records (803)734-8577


                                                          July 23, 1993




                      Mr. Robert R. Ferrell
                      Environmental Proqgram Administrator 
                      SC Dept. of Transportation
                      P.O. BOX 191
                      Columbia,SC 29202

                      Re: Archaeoqlogical Investigations of the
                            Mark Clark Expressway Project,
                            U.S. 17 to Polly Beach Road
                            Charleston County


                      Dear Mr. Ferell:


                           Thank you for providing a copy of the report AN ARCHITECTURAL,
                      UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND TERRESTRIAL SURVEY OF THE
                      MARK CLARK EXPRESSWAY PROJECT FROM U.S. HIGHWAY 17 To POLLY BEACH ROAD. WE
                      offer the following comments on properties identified during investigations.


                      ELIGIBLE


                      38CH1146 (Fenwick Hall Causeway)*

                           *If this site will be affected by construction, means of mitigation
                           need to be determined in consultation with the SHPO.


                      NOT ELIGIBLE

                      Bldg. 0249.1501             Bldg. #249.1505    38CH1293
                      Bldg, #249.1502             Bldg. #249.1506
                      Bldg. #249.1503             Bldg. #249.1507
                      Bldg. #249.1504

                      ADDITIONAL INFORMATION NEEDED


                      38CH1148,Test excavations needed for eligibility assesment.

                      Underwater Anomaly in Stono River, Alternate A. Further assessments are
                           needed if Alternate A is selected. We remind you And the
                           authors of the report that properties treated an archaeological
                           sites require a completed State Archaeological Site From and a
                           permanent state site number assigned by the SC Institute of archaeology
                           and Anthropology.
            







            FROM: PROJECT DEV.            TO:919196772050P6509491          SEP 20, 1993 10:32AM #841 P.03







                       These coments are provided to assist you and the Federal Highway
                  Administration with its responsibilities under Section 106 of the National
                  Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and the regulations codified
                  at 36 CFR Part 800. If you have questions, please call Ms. Nancy Brock,
                  Review and Compliance Branch Supervisor, at 803/734-8615.

                                                 Sincerely,




                                                 Mary Watson Edmonds, Deputy
                                                 State Historic Preservation Officer



                  cc: Mr. Ken Myers
                       FHwA






                              South Carolina Department of Archives and History
                                  1430 Senate Street, P.O. Box 11,669, Columbia, South Carolina 29211 (803) 734-8577
                                           State Records (803) 734-7914; Local Records (803) 734-7917

                                              20 May, 1992



            Mr. Robert B.  Ferrell
            Environmental  Program Administrator
            S.C. Department of Highways and
              Public Transportation
            P.O. Box 191
            Columbia, SC 29202



            Reference: 1-526 Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to S.C.
                         Route 171 in Charleston County.
                         Initial Consultation.




            Dear Mr.       11:


                  Thank you for soliciting our comments regarding the proposed seven-mile
            section of the Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to S.C. Route 171. The
            following comments are offered to assist you as you plan to address the
            cultural resources responsibilities that will be a part of the environmental
            documentation necessary to comply with the regulations of the Federal Highway
            Administration, and in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act.

                  Although the provided map of the project area was imprecise, allowing
            only an approximation of the area of potential project effect, a review of our
            files indicates that one National Register listed historical site may be in or
            near the project area. Fenwick Hall is located on Johns Island south of
            Pennys Creek and north of Maybank Highway. It was built for John Fenwick, a
            wealthy South Carolina planter, in 1730 and is one of the finest examples of
            an early Georgian two-story brick plantation house built on the Huguenot floor
            plan that was widely used in South Carolina plantation houses during the l8th
            century. It was listed in the National Register on 23 February, 1972.

                  A review of the archaeological site files housed at the South Carolina
            institute of Archaeology and Anthropology indicates that only a few known
            sites in the immediate vicinity of the project area (38CH1148, 38CH1291,
            38CH1292, 38CH1293). This paucity of known sites is no guarantee that
            significant cultural resources do not exist in the project area. our
            knowledge of the location of cultural resources in any given part of our
            State, whether historic structures or archaeological sites, is a direct
            reflection of the amount and quality of field survey that has been conducted
            in that area. A survey of proposed Maybank Highway widening from SC 171 to
            River Road located three of the above sites. 38CH1291 and 38CH1292 were
            considered to be potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic
            Places, while 38CH1293 was considered not eligible. Site 38CH1148 was
            identified during a borrow pit survey and was considered probably not eligible
            by the investigation archaeologist. Neither of these professional








           Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
           page 2


               I



           archaeological surveys was designed to identify cultural resources along the
           proposed project corridor.

                 The proposed Mark Clark Expressway from SC Route 7 to SC Route 171 has a
           very great potential to adversely affect cultural resources. Without complete
           and contemporary architectural and archaeological survey of the proposed
           corridors, however, we cannot with certainty assess what these effects might
           be. The level of documentation provided to us regarding various improvement
           and new construction projects planned by the South Carolina Department of
           Highways and Public Transportation has been very helpful in identifying
           potential effects, and we would welcome a similar effort for the current
           project.
                We look forward to assisting you as you work to comply with the'federal
           regulations designed to take into account the affect this project might have
           to significant cultural resources. Please feel free to contact Staff
           Archaeologist Charlie Hall (734-8612) or the for the region (734-8005)
           should you have any questions regarding these comments, or should you require
           additional information.



                                         Sincerely Yours,




                                        Mary Watson Edmonds, Deputy State
                                           Historic Preservation officer






             PRT John  William Lawrence, Executive Director
            Division of Enincering & Planning                                                                                       %
            flarira 8qBLtqli MC8qOUre, Director
              iqoq'q) 6q"q'-q0q'
            (803) 734-1042 FAX






                   May 19, 1992




                   Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
                   Environmental Program Administrator
                   S.C. Department of Highways and
                      Public Transportation
                   P.O. Box 191
                   Columbia, South Carolina 29202

                   Dear Mr. Ferrell:

                   Th ank you for your May 11, 1992 letter addressed to Mr. William R.
                   Jennings regarding the 1-526 Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from
                   S.C. Route 7 to S.C. Route 171 in Charleston County. Our staff is
                   in the process of reviewing your request for comments and we will
                   provide you with a response within the 30 day time frame.

                  


would like to request that in the future you send this type of
                   request to me as Mr. Jennings is now the Deputy Executive Director
                   of PRT. Thank you.

                   Sincerely,



                   Beth McClure, Director
                   Division of Engineering and Planning

                   cc: Mr. William R. Jennings

                   BBM/lm


                   C:RFEXPRSW













         South Carolina Department of Park and tourism    
 1205 Pendleton Street    Columbia, South Carolinam 229201 USA





       PRT6b John William Lawrence, Executive Director

       Division of Engineering & Planning
       Barbara Beth McClure, Director
       (803) 734-0175
       (803) 734-1042 FAX

                                                             June 17, 1992



         Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
         Environmental Program Administrator
         SC Department of Highways and
           Public Transportation
         955 Park Street
         C
          olumbia, SC 29202


         RE: 1-526 Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from SC Route 7 to SC
              Route 171 in Charleston County

         Dear Mr. Ferrell:

         This is to confirm receipt of your letter of intent to perform a
         supplemental environmental impact statement for the proposed
         seven mile segment of the above expressway. The South Carolina
         Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism anticipates that the
         project will be planned so as not to hinder recreational boating
         or fishing and that all natural and cultural resources will be
         considered. We also support any efforts to encourage walking and
         bicycling.

         If there are any questions, please call me at 734-0189.


         Sincerely,


            Oy
         Tony L. Bebber
         Planner
                                                                       992













































     South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism 1205 Pendleton Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 USA







           E AIV40
                  South Carolina
                                                            James A. Timmerman, Jr., Ph.D.
                   Wildlife &Man-ne                         Executive Director
           RCES ID                                          Larry D. Cartee
                  Resources Dahaament                       Asst. Executive Director
       Equal 0")orlumty Agency V/

                                 June 17,  1992



            s. Kathy Reis
           Grant Services
           M1205 Pendleton Street
           Columbia, SC 29201

                 RE: SC920409-017 & SC920511-080    (1-526 Proposed
                      Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to
                      S.C. Route 171 - Charleston County)

           Dear Ms. Reis:


           Personnel from the South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources
           Department have reviewed the proposal to prepare a supplemental
           Impact Statement for the section of the Mark Clark Expressway
           from S.C. Route 7 to S.C. Route 171 in Charleston County and
           offer the following comments.

           Based on the limited information provided about the proposed
           project, we are unable to offer any specific comments on
           potential impacts to fish and wildlife resources at this time.
           We would, however, like to make some general comments concerning
           the issues which should be addressed in the EIS process.

           As you are well aware, coastal South Carolina contains extensive
           acreage of both estuarine and freshwater wetlands. Wetland areas
           provide valuable habitat for fish and wildlife and are essential
           in maintaining water quality in adjoining water bodies. Careful
           consideration should be given to avoiding fill and other impacts
           to wetlands whenever possible and minimizing unavoidable impacts
           to the maximum extent possible. This will be of special
           importance in the crossings of the Stono River and its
           tributaries. Means for avoiding and minimizing wetland impacts
           should be fully addressed early on in the EIS process and should
           consider alternatives such as bridging:wetland crossings,
           reduction of median and shoulder widths through wetland areas,
           and use of top down construction methods. Stormwater management,
           including possible means for stormwater treatment prior to
           discharge into adjacent water bodies, should be addressed in the
           EIS review process. mitigation for unavoidable impacts should be
           addressed in the EIS process and should focus on the restoration
           of previously impacted wetland systems. Wetland creation is





           Rembert C. Dennis Building 0 P 0. Box 167 [J Columbia, South Carolina 29202 El Telephone: 803-734-4008











        Ms. Kathy Reis
        June 17, 1992
        Page Two




        difficult and often results in limited success. For this reason,
        we would not recommend it be used as the major method of
        mitigation.
        Our agency would appreciate the opportunity to provide more
        specific comments and would suggest an interagency meeting be set
        up to discuss additional information as it becomes available.
                                        Sincerely,



                                        James A. Timmerman, J
                                        Executive Director

        JATjr/sa
        cc: Marine (EES)
             W8qL/FWF
             @SCDHPT  Robert B. Ferrell
                          




                                                                                                                                       /0u- r(



                     E A
                                    South Carolina
                                                                                                                     James A. Timmerman, Jr., Ph.D.
                                    fflildlife & Marin e                                                                           Executive Director
                      CES                                                                                                     Paul A. Sandifer, Ph.D.
                                    Resources Department                                                                                   Director of
                                                                                                                          Marine Resources Division
            ECMAL OPPORMNrrY AWNGY




                                                                                 June 4, 1992

                        Mr. Samuel E. Wiley
                        Assistant Vice President
                        CZR Incorporated - Environmental Consultants
                        1150 South U.S. Highway 1
                        Suite 201
                        Jupiter, FL 33477-7236

                                                                       REF: Mark Clark Expressway,
                                                                                 Charleston, SC

                        Dear Mr. Wiley:

                                 Personnel from the South Carolina Wildlife and Marine
                        Resources Department have reviewed the proposal to prepare a
                        supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the section
                        of the Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to S.C. Route
                        171 in Charleston County and offer the following comments.

                                 Based on the limited information provided about the
                        proposed project, we are unable to offer any specific
                        comments on potential impacts to fish and wildlife resources
                        at this time. We would, however, like to make some general
                        comments concerning the issues which should be addressed in
                        the EIS process.

                                 As you are well aware, coastal South Carolina contains
                        extensive acreage of both estuarine and freshwater wetlands.
                        Wetland areas provide valuable habitat for fish and wildlife
                        and are essential in maintaining water quality in adjoining
                        water bodies. Careful consideration should be given to
                        avoiding fill and other impacts to wetlands whenever
                        possible and minimizing unavoidable impacts to the maximum
                        extent possible. This will be of special importance in the
                        crossings of the Stono River and its tributaries. Means for
                        avoiding and minimizing wetland impacts should be fully
                        addressed early on in the EIS process and should consider
                        alternatives such as bridging wetland crossings, reduction
                        of median and shoulder widths through wetland areas, and use
                        of top down construction methods. Stormwater management,
                        including possible means for stormwater treatment prior to
                        discharge into adjacent water bodies, should also be
                        addressed in the EIS review process.




                          P 0. Box 12559 El Charleston, South Carolina 29422-2-559 [1 Telephone: 803 - 795-6350











          Page 2
          Samuel E. Wiley
          June 4, 1992



               Mitigation for unavoidable impacts should be addressed
          in the EI$ process and should focus on the restoration of
          previously impacted wetland systems. Wetland creation is
          difficult and often results in limited success. For this
          reason? we would not recommend it be used as the major
          method of mitigation.

               In response to your request for information on fish
          species composition for the Stono River and updated state
          lists for threatened and endangered species, we have been in
          tontact with Mr. J. Brad Melko with your firm and have
          provided him with appropriate contacts within the
          department.

               Our agency would appreciate the opportunity to provide
          more specific comments and would suggest an interagency
          meeting be set up to discuss additional information as it
          becomes available.


                                        Sincerely,




                                        Robert E. Duncan
                                        Environmental Coordinator



                                                                                    4122@

                            South Carolina Water Resources Commission

                            1201 Main Street, Suite 1100 0 Columbia, S.C. 29201 El Telephone (803) 737-0800
              COIES                                                                              W"" [@ t9f
    Alfred H. Vang                                                                     JUN 1 8 1992
      Executive Director
                                                                                                PORATED
                                                                    June 15, 1992
                                                                                               FLORIDA



            Mr. Samuel E. Wiley
            CZR Incorporated
            1156 South U.S. Highway 1
            Suite 201
            Jup@ter, Florida 33477

            Dear Mr. Wiley:

                In reference to your letter conc  erning the Stono, River, there is
            currently no protection status for the Stono River based on programs
            administered by the South Carolina Water Resources Commission.

                                                Sincerely,



                                                Barry     easley
                                                Coordinator of River
                                                  Conservation Programs


            BRB:cw








                                    South Carofina@                            Commissioner Michael D. Jarrett

                                                                               Board: William E. Applegate, III, Chairman                 Toney Graham, Jr., MID
                         DHEC                                                          John H. Burriss, Vice Chairman                     Sandra J. Molander
                                                                                        Richard E. Jabbour, DDS, Secretary                John B. Pate, MD
                        Departrnent of Hwb and Envimnffentiil C=                                                                          Robert J. Stripling, Jr.
                        2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC 29201                  Promoting HeaN? Protecting the Environment








                                                                                    May 21, 1992







                              Mr. Robert L. White
                              State Highway Engineer
                              Department of Highways and Public Transportation
                              P.O. Box 191
                              .Columbia, SC 29202

                                        Re: 1-526 Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to
                                        S.C. Route 171 in Charleston County

                              Dear      Mr.     White:


                                       .All     National Ambient Air Quality Standards are presently being
                              met      in Charleston County.                               Therefoie, the subject project is
                              compatible -with the goals of the present South darolin Air Quality
                              Implementation Plan.

                                                                                            Respectfully,



                                                                                                                                  on
                                                                                            Air Programs Secti
                                                                                            Bureau of Air Quality Control



                            ,South Ca,oflna,                                      Commissioner: Michael D. Jarrett
                                                                                  Board: William E. Applegate, 111, Chairman                      Toney Graham, Jr., MID
                                    H                                                       John H. Burriss, Vice Chairman                        Sandra J. Molander
                                                                                            Richard E. Jabbour, DDS, Secretary                    John B. Pate, MD
                                                @Enwonr,                                                                                          Robert J. Stripling, Jr.
                       2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC 29201                       Promoting Health, Protecting the Environment



                       June 16, 1992






                       Mr. Robert L. White
                       State Highway Engineer
                       S. C. Department of Highways and Public Transportation
                       P. 0. Box 191
                       Columbia, SC 29202

                       Re:      Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
                                1-526, Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from S. C. Route 7 to S. C. Route 171
                                Charleston County

                       Dear     Mr. White:


                                The proposed expressway will cross the Stono River which is classified as
                       shellfish harvesting (SFH).                              SFH waters are tidal saltwaters protected for
                       shellfish harvesting. Bacterial standards are stringent enough to protect the
                       health of the consumers of shellfish. SFH waters are also protected for the uses
                       of Class SA waters which includes primary contact recreation as well the uses
                       of Class SB waters which are secondary contact recreation, crabbing, and fishing.
                       These waters are also suitable for the survival and propagation of a balanced
                       indigenous aquatic community of marine fauna and flora.

                                In order to ensure protection and maintenance of water quality standards,
                       including wetlands functions, the Department recommends the following issues be
                       addressed in the Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement.

                       1.       Existing alignments or corridors should be used as much as feasible. This
                                should minimize any new impacts to wetland areas.                                                             After a clear
                                demonstration of avoidance and minimization of wetland impacts, SCDHPT
                                should provide compensatory mitigation for any unavoidable wetland losses.

                       2.       Best Management Practices to prevent or minimize erosion and sedimentation
                                to adjacent waters and wetlands should be described in detail. This should
                                include storm water management during construction.

                       3.       SCDHPT should evaluate the impacts of storm water after construction and
                                during use of this expressway on the shellfish harvesting use of the Stono
                                River. Presently shellfish harvesting is prohibited or restricted in the
                                Stono River, but the goal of all SFH waters is to have water quality so that
                                shellfish harvesting is allowed.

                       3.       SCDHPT should describe a Spill Prevention and Clean Up Plan to be used
                                                 nstru
                                during co                 ction of this project.













          Page Two
          Mr. Robert L. White
          June 16, 1992


          4.   SCDHPT should coordinate with the Department's Bureau of Solid and Hazardous
               Waste Management or the Trident District Environmental Quality Control
               Office to identify potential contamination in the project area.

          5.   SCDHPT should coordinate with the Trident District Environmental Quality
               Control office if construction requires relocation of any existing water
               and sewer lines.

               Thank you for the opportunity to comment on this project. Please call me
          at 734-5311 if you have any questions.

                                                    Sincerely yours,
                                                    S    @C'           Manager
                                                      ally     owles
                                                    Water Quality Certification
                                                       and Wetlands Programs Section
                                                    Bureau of Water Pollution Control


          SCK

          cc: Robert B. Ferrell, SCDHPT, Environmental Section
               Samuel E. Wiley, CZR Incorporated
               Trident District EQC






                                                                                                  STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA Aft
                                                                                                                                                         &%WA

                                                                          HUMAN AFFAIRS COMMISSION

                                                                                       2611 Forest Drive, Suite 200, Post Office Box 4490
                      James E. Clyburn                                                               Columbia. South Carolina 29240                                                       To file complaint.% dial (803) 251-6339
                        Commissioner                                                         (803) 253-6336 (803) 253-6322 FAX (803) 2534191                                                or I -SM52 "725 (in-State only)


                                                                                                               May 18, 1992




                            Mr. Robert L. White
                            State Highway Engineer
                            Department of Highways and
                            Public Transportation
                            Post Office Box 191
                            Columbia, South Carolina 29202

                            RE: 1-526 Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from South Carolina Route 7
                                       to S.C. Route 171, in Charleston

                            Dear       Mr. White:

                            In response to your letter, dated May 11, 1992, and a copy of the map
                            which indicates the proposed interchange supplemental to your final
                            environmental impact statement, has been reviewed by the State Human
                            Affairs Commission.

                            This Commission is concerned about your relocation of residents and
                            businesses. Please submit as quickly as possible your cultural
                            resource surveys for our review and response.

                            We appreciate your agency requesting comments from this agency with
                            respect to this important project.

                            Please submit necessary changes to this project within 30 days, or
                            contact me at (803)253-6322.

                                                                                                               Sincerely,



                                                                                                               Earl F. Brown, Jr.
                                                                                                               Director
                                                                                                               Community Relations

                            TMM/pck

                            cc:        Mr. James E. Clyburn
                                       Commissioner

                                       Mr. Paul W. Beazley
                                       Deputy Commissioner
                                       Consultive Services


                    Dr. Willis C. Ham, Chair
                            Orangeburg
                Bishop Johnny Smith, Vice Chair               Ann Lucas                    Dr. Ron Burton             Rufus Keys               Anthony D. Bell              Susie Spdky              HcmL McKinley Washington. Jr.
                            Grmn@illc                           Beaufort                     Columbia                    Belton                  Sp2rtZntKn                    Camden                            Senate
                      Emily P. Tompkins                S. Lyman Whitehead, in            Wilmon McClellan             Harry tAthi              Suutnne Smith                 Fred Sumter                 Han. Ucilk Whipper
                            Columbia                             Irmo                          Liberty                  Gr=ville                  Rock HUI                   Georgetown                          House






                   The                                                                                      South Carolina Office
              Mime                                                                                          2231 Devine Street, Suite 100
                Conservanc                                                                                  P.O. Box 5475
                                    y                                                                       Columbia, South Carolina 29250
                                                                                                            (803) 254-9049 FAX: (803) 252-7134






                   July 9, 1992



                   Mr. Kevin Sheppard
                   Project Engineer
                   S.C. Department of Highways
                         and Public Transportation
                   P.O. Box 191
                   Columbia, SC 29202

                   Dear Mr. Sheppard:

                   This letter is in regards to the 1-526 proposed Mark Clark
                   Expressway from S.C. Route 7 to S.C. Route 171 in Charleston
                   County.

                   The Nature Conservancy has no nature preserves in the proposed
                   route.

                   Thank you for giving us the opportunity to comment on this
                   proposal.


                   sincerely,



                   Dale Soblo
                   Director of Stewardship

                   DS/mf




















                                                   National Office: 1815 North  Lynn Street, Arlington, Virginia 22209

                                                                                                                                                Prmti,d on n,cucird mw








                                  @tate of t3% out4 Tarolina
                                       @ffire of t4c (6ouernor
          CARROLL A. CAMPBELL. JR.        ACKPJOWLEDGEMEI@T                             OFFICE OF ExECVTIVE
               GOVERNOR                                                                POLICY AND PROGRAMS


             May 27,1992


             Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
             Environmental Program Administrator
             S.C. Department of Highways and
                Public Transportation
             Post Office Box 191
             Columbia, South Carolina 29202



             Project Name: S. C. Department of Highways and Public Transportation: 1-526 Proposed
             Mark Clark Expressway From S.C. Rt. 7 to S.C. Rt 171 in Charleston Cty

             Project Number: SC920511-080

             Suspense Date: 7/4/92


             Dear Mr. Ferrell,

             Receipt of the above referenced project is acknowledged. The Governor's Office,
             Grant Services Unit, has initiated an intergovernmental review of this project.
             You will be notified of the results of this review by the suspense date indicated
             above. South Carolina state agencies are reminded that if additional budget
             authorization is needed for this project, three copies of the completed GCR-1
             form and two copies of the project proposal must be submitted to this office.
             This action should be initiated immediately, if required. You should use the
             State Application Identifier number in your correspondence with our office
             regarding this project. Contact me at (803) 734-0435 if you have any questions.

             Sincerely,
                                                                           RECEIVED
             Kathy Reis                                                       JUN 2 3 1"2
                                                                             KIMLEY-HORN
                                                                               TPTO OMCE












                                                           May 19, 1992
      SOUTH
      CAROLINA          Mr. Robert L. White
      COASTAL           State Highway Engineer
      COUNCIL           S. C. Department of Highways and Public Transportation
                        P. 0. Box 191
      Ashley Corporate Center Columbia, S. C. 29202
      4130 Faber Place
      Suite 300                                            Re:  1-526; Route 7 to Route 171
      Charleston, S.C. 29405
      (803) 744-5838,
      FAX 744-5847      Dear Mr. White:

      vVilliam W. Jones, Jr.
      Chairman               This is in response to your recent letter concerning the
      H. Wayne Beam, Ph.D. Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Mark Clark
      Executive Director Expressway section between Route 7 and Route 171.      This proposed
                        road will involve two bridges across the Stono River and possibly
                        several other crossings of both salt and freshwater wetlands.

                             The Coastal Council would prefer that to the maximum extent
                        practical wetlands be avoided and where they cannot be avoided they
                        be bridged, using appropriate construction methods to ensure the
                        minimal amount of disturbance.     Also storm water management plans
                        will be required for the two Stono bridge crossings and possibly for
                        other crossings if they have the potential to seriously impact the
                        water quality of the River or adjacent wetlands.

                             As always early and frequent coordination between our agencies
                        is important to insure the least number of delays and I encourage
                        you to meet with us when you have a preliminary route established.


                                                           Since 1




                                                               e Moore
                                                           Permit Administrator


                        SM:0155P


                        cc:  Dr. He Wayne Beam
                             Mr. Christopher L. Brooks
                             Mr. Robert Be Ferrell
                             Mr. Stephen Snyder
                             Ms. Debra Hernandez
                                                           @
                                                             nce M, @,
                                                            e e   oor





























             Printed on Ftecyded Paper










                            11OUBE of  Representatiucs

                                 f@tntt of JE#outh (garolina


    Stephen E. Gonzales                                            320:-D Blatt Building
     District No. 113 - Charleston-Dorchester
      Counties                                                     Columbia, S.C. 29211
     5029 Ashby Avenue                                             Tel. (803) 734-2970
     North Charleston, S.C. 29406


    Committee:
     Agriculture, Natural Resources and
      Environmental Affairs         May 20, 1992

         Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
         Post Office Box 191
         Columbia, SC 29202



         Dear Mr. Ferrell:

              Thank you for your kind letter of recent date concerning the
         environmental impact for'the 1-526 proposed Mark Clark Expressway
         from S.C. Route 7 to S.C. Route 171 in Charleston County.         I
         certainly appreciate your prompt assistance and attention to this
         project. And, I want you to know that if I can in any way be of
         assistance'in speeding the progress of this project, I would be
         more than willing to lend my services. As you may well know, we
         are anxious to see this project completed; and I want you to know
         that I have no objections to anything that I have seen out of your
         department, I believe the EIS will serve as valuable information
         and I look forward to viewing this document.

              Again, thank you for taking the time to write. If I can be of
         assistance to you in the future, please feel free to contact me.

              With every good wish and kind regards, I an

                                             Sincerely,



                                             S ep n     Gonzale'
                                              tip Wn. Gonzale@






                S 0

                                       GLENN F. McCONNELL                             COMMITTEES
                                           SOUTH CAROLINA STATE SENATE                  Judiciary
                                          DISTRICT 4 1, CHARLESTON COUNTY            Banking and Insurance
                    11.                                                            Labor, Commerce & Industry
                                   613 GRESSETTE SENATE OFFICE BUILDING                Transportation
                                      COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA 29202                      Rules
                                                                                     Joint Insurance Study
                                                803-734-2896                          Judicial Screening
                                                                                    State Bidding Practices
                                                                                  Procurement Policy Committee,
                                                                                        Chairman
       CHARLESTON ADDRESS

          27 Bainbridge Drive
      Charleston. South Carolina 29407

           (803) 571-3921




            May 27, 1992




            Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
            Environmental Program Administrator
            S. C. Dept. of Highways and Public Transportation
            P.O. Box 191
            Columbia, SC 29202

            Dear Mr. Ferrell:


            I am in receipt of your letter regarding the 1-526 proposed Mark
            Clark Expressway from SIC Route 7 to SC Route 171 in Charleston
            County. I believe this highway is in need of being built, and I
            also am of the opinion that any environmental disturbances or
            impact are minuscule when compared against the public impact and
            the public good that will be served by the building of this road.

            Thanks for giving me the opportunity to have some input on this.

            With warmest personal regards, I am

                  re




            Glenn F. McConnell


            GFM:rs












            L:\G-613\C0RRESP\l4CC0N\I-526






            JOSEPH P. RILEY, JR.          Way 0/                                       YVONNE FORTENBERRY
                 Mayor                                                                       Director









                  June 5, 1992





                  Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
                  Environmental Program Administrator
                  South Carolina Department of Highways and
                        Public Transportation
                  Post Office Box 191
                  Columbia, South Carolina 29202


                  Re: 1-526 Proposed Mark Clark Expressway from South Carolina Route 7 to
                        South Carolina Route 171 in Charleston County


                  Dear Mr. Ferrell:

                  It is my understanding that you are requesting comments concerning the
                  above-referenced project. Since a substantial part of this project is in
                  the City of Charleston, we are concerned about the loss of trees,
                  especially where the expressway crosses Riverland Drive and
                  Maybank Highway.

                  We would appreciate the opportunity to review road construction drawings
                  which show all existing trees 24 inches DBH (Diameter Breast Height) or
                  greater. This will enable us to determine mitigation necessary for trees
                  which must be removed.




















                        116 MEETING STREET, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA 29401 TEL. (803) 577-6970











              Mr. Robert B. Ferrell
              June 5, 1992
              Page 2



              Please feel free to contact me should you have any questions concerning the
              city's tree mitigation policy. We appreciate the opportunity to provide
              pre-construction input with regards to the environmental impact of this
              project.

              Sincerely,
              &-4--, gy
              Beth H. Lewis
              Land Resource Planner

              BHL:geh
              RBF/4Z1

              cc: Robert L. White, State Highway Engineer
                   Bill Turner, Charleston County Planning
                   Lee Batchelder, Zoning Administrator
                   Yvonne Fortenberry, Director








      Planning Department                      E3                     Jerry Moore, Chairman
      County Office Building                                          Isaac Ryba, Vice-Chairman
      2 Court House Square                                               Dana Beach
                                                                        Rinehardt Brown
     Charleston, S.C. 29401-2206                                       Penelope C. Davis
                                                                         Bob Miller
      Phone (803) 723-6739                                              John F. Seignius
       In Reply Refer to:                                                Ronnie Tyler
                                                                        Henry Williams
                                  Ua4k4&n, ymd4 &W"'                 William W. Miller, Direaor



                                     June 10, 1992




           Mr. Robert L. White
           State Highway Engineer
           South Carolina Department of Highways
             and Public Transportation
           Post Office BOX 191
           Columbia, South Carolina 29202


           Dear Mr. White:


               On behalf of the Charleston County Planning Department and
           the citizens of Charleston County, I would like to take this
           opportunity to thank you for allowing us to provide comments on
           the proposed Mark Clark Expressway (1-526). In order that we
           may facilitate our review of the proposed project, we would
           like the Highway Department to provide the following
           information:


               A.    Tree survey of trees 24 inches in diameter or greater
                     with sizes noted.


               B.    Grading and staking plans.

               C.    Proposal for tree mitigation or letter of intent
                     (after we have reviewed tree survey and plans).

               D.    Allow staff input prior to right-of-way being
                     purchased and design locked.

               Once  again I would like to thank you for allowing us to
           comment on the proposed completion of the Mark Clark Expressway
           and look forward to working with you and other Highway
           Department representatives in the future.,

                                          Sincerely,




                                          William W. Mi 11 er.
                                          Director of Planning


           WWM/ted



 I
 I
 I
 I
 i


                                          APPENDIX B
 I
                                   PROTECTED SPECIES LISTING
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I









                    j* E A /Vo


                                                                                                                         James A. Timmerman. Jr., Ph.D.
                                       South Carolina                                                                                    Executive Director
                                       Wildlife & Mari n e                                                                            W. Brock Conrad, Jr,
                     RC S 9-                                                                                                                     Director of
                                         esources Daylartment                                                           Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries
               Eq.al QP@IIWY Ag@




                     May 20, 1992

                     Mr. Robert Ferrell
                     Department of Highways and Public Transportation
                     P.O. Box 191
                     Columbia, SC 29202


                     Dear Mr, Ferrell:


                     I have reviewed our data on the site of the Mark Clark Expressway,
                     as outlined in your letter of May 11.                                             No rare, threatened, or
                     endangered species or communities are recorded in the area.

                     I-have enclosed a list of species and communities tracked by our
                     agency in Charleston County, as an indication of potential
                     occurrences on the site.


                     The enclosed list includes the following fields of data:

                          ELEMENT            scientific and common names.

                          ELCODE           element code, indicating-taxonomic class in bytes
                                           1-2:


                             AA    -   Animals, Amphibians
                             AB    -   Animals, Birds
                             AF    -   Animals, Fish
                             AM    -   Animals, Mammals
                             AR    -   Animals, Reptiles
                             PD    -   Plants, Dicots
                             PG    -   Plants, Gymnosperms
                             PM    -   Plants, Monocots
                             PP.   -   Plants, Pteridophytes

                        GRANK/SRANK - the Nature Conservancy rating of,degree of endan-
                                                    germent:

                             G1 -      Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity
                                       or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulner-
                                       able to extinction
                             G2 -      Imperiled globally because of rarity or factor(s) making
                                       it vulnerable
                             G3 -      Either very rare throughout its range or found locally in
                                       a restricted range, or having factors making it vulnerable
                             G4 -      Apparently secure globally, though it may be rare in parts
                                       of its range



                   Rembert C. Dennis Building 0 P 0. Box 167 D Columbia, South Carolina 29202 0 Telephone: 803 - 734-3886










            G5    Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be rare in
                  parts of its range
            GH    Of historical occurrence throughout its range, with
                  possibility of rediscovery
            GX    Extinct throughout its range
            GU    Status unknown


            Sl  - critically imperiled state-wide because of extreme rarity
                  or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulner-
                  able to extirpation
            S2  - Imperiled state-wide because of rarity or factor(s) making
                  it vulnerable
            S3  - Rare or uncommon in state
            S4  - Apparently secure in state
            S5  - Demonstrably secure in state
            SA  - Accidental in state (usually birds or butterflies that are
                  far outside normal range)
            SE  - Exotic established in state
            SH  - Of historical occurrence in state, with possibility of
                  rediscovery
            SN  - Regularly occurring in state, but in a migratory, non-
                  breeding form
            SR  - Reported in state, but without good documentation
             .SX- Extirpated from state
            SU  - Status unknown


           STATUS - legal status:

            FE  - Federal Endangered
            FT  - Federal Threatened
            NC  - Of Concern, National (unofficial - plants only)
            RC  - Of Concern, Regional (unofficial - plants only)
            SE  - State Endangerd (official state list     animals only)
            ST  - State Threatened (official state list     animals only)
            SC  - Of Concern, State (unofficial - animals)
            SL  - Of Concern, State (unofficial - plants)
            SX  - State Extirpated
            CU  - Candidate Undetermined (Federal status review)
            UN  - Undetermined

        All information is based on the existing S.C. Heritage Trust data-
        base, and we do not assume that it is complete.       Areas not yet
        inventoried by our biologists may contain important species. Also,
        our da ta are always in need of updating because as natural pop-
        ulations change over time, species must be added, dropped, or
        reclassified. Thank you for your inquiry. If I can be of further
        assistance, please call me at 803-734-4032.

        Sincerely,


        Katherine Boyle
        Data Manager
        S.C. Heritage Trust






                                                                                                                                                                                CHARLESTON COUNTY


                                               ELEMENT: BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIOIDES / WINTER GRAPE-FERN
                                               ELCODE: PPOPHO1090                                                                                                                                                     STATUS: UN
                                               GRANK:G4?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S?

                                               . - -- ----- ------ ------ -- -- - ------
                                               ELEME  NT:       PSIL  OTU           MNUDUM   I  W           HISKF    ERN
                                               ELCODE: PPPSI01020                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:SL
                                               GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                               SRANK:SIS2

                                               --- ----------- --- ---- -------- ------------------ -       - ------------ -------

                                               EL EMENT:        LYGO  DIUM          PALMATUM                CLIMBING      FERN
                                               ELCODE: PPSCH02030                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:SL
                                               GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                               SRANK:SIS2

                                                   ----------   ------------------------------------------------------         -----------  ----------     .......................................................................................
                                               ELEMENT: PELTANDRA SAGITTIFOLIA / SPOON-FLOWER
                                               ELCODE: PMARAOE020                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G3G4                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:S?

                                               --- ----------- -- --------          - --- - ---- -- -------- - ----  -- ------ ----------- --- - ---
                                               EL EMENT-        CANNA               FLACCIDAI  BAND         ANA-0    F-TH    E-EVERG        LA   DES
                                               ELCODE: PMCAN01030                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:GS?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S4


                                               ELEMENT: CAREX DECOMPOSITA / EPIPHYTIC SEDGE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ---------- -       ----
                                               ELCODE: PMCYP033KO                   - - - -- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                    STATU-S_:__UN      ---------------------
                                               GRANK:G3G4                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:S?


                                               ELEMENT: CYPERUS TETRAGONUS I PIEDMONT FLATSEDGE
                                               E', L__ C__0,_ -0- _E, _: - _P_ M--- C, _Y_ _P 0-- -6-3,- _H_ -0 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S, T__ A- _T, _U --- S_: --- S-L, ----------------------
                                               GRANK:G4?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:Sl

                                               -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                *-------------------------* ------------
                                               ELEMENT: ELEOCHARIS VIVIPARA / VIVIPAROUS SPIKE-RUSH
                                               ELCODE: PMCYPO91YO                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                               SRANK:S?

                                               -------------------- - --------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               ELEMENT: SCLERIA BALDWINII / BALDWIN NUTRUSH
                                               ELCODE: PMCYPOR010                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:SL
                                               GRANK:G3G4                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:SIS2

                                               ---------------------------------------------------------------       -------------------------------------------------------    -------   -------------   -------------------------      I----------------------
                                               ELEMENT: SYNGONANTHUS FLAVIDULLIS / YELLOW PIPEWORT
                                               ELCODE: PMER103010                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                               SRANK:SH

                                               ---------------------------------------------  ------------  ---------------------------     -----------    I------- ------ --------  ------- -------  .............   ----------  --------------------------
                                               ELEMENT: THALIA DEALBATA / POWDERY THALIA
                                               ELCODE: PMMAR03010                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G3G5                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:S?

                                               ---------------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------------------          ----------    ------ ----------   ------------------             -------------------_--    -  ------
                                               ELEMENT: CALOPOGON BARBATUS / BEARDED GRASS-PINK
                                               ELCODE: PMORCOC010                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G5?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S?

                                               ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------          ------------------------            ----------   ----------   ----------  ----------  -------------------------

                                               ELEMENT: HABENARIA QUINQUESETA / LONG-HORN ORCHID
                                               ELCODE: PMORClAO70                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G4G5                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:S?
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------            ----------------------------          ----------  .......... __-  ------I---------   ..........  ..........   .........................
                                               ELEMENT: LISTERA AUSTRALIS / SOUTHERN TWAYBLADE
                                               ELCODE: PMORCIN020                                                                                                                                                     STATUS: UN
                                               GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                               SRANK:S?

                                               ... -1 ----------------------------- ----------------------------     I------------  --------_    ------    -------------  ------ ----------  -------------   -------  -----------------  -------------------

                                               ELEMENT: PLATANTHERA INTEGRA / YELLOW FRINGELESS ORCHID
                                               ELCODE: PMORClYOCO                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:  G 3      G4                                                                                                                                                    SRAN K     S2


                                               ELEMENT: PTEROGLOSSASPIS ECRISTATA / CRESTED FRINGED ORCHID
                                               ELCODE: PMORC27010                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:C2
                                               GRANK:G3G4                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:S2

                                               ------------------------             ------ --------------------I--------------------  --    -----------    -------------------      -------  ---------------   ------------------              ---------------
                                               ELEMENT: SPIRANTHES LACINIATA                                LACE-LiP LADIES'-TRESSES
                                               ELCODE: PMORC2B01O                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                               GRANK:G4GS                                                                                                                                                             SRANK:Sl

                                                                                    ----------------        -------------   .........       ------         ------- --------     ------       ..........       ......  ------- --------------      ------------














                                    ELEMENT: TRIPHORA TRIANIHOPHORA I NODDING POGONIA
                                    ELCODE: PMORC2FO50                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:SL
                                    GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:S2

                                    ----------------------     -------------------------------------------------------------------           ---------------------------------------------------       _  ..............................................
                                    ELEMENT: ANTHAENANTIA RUFA / PURPLE SILKYSCALE
                                    ELCODE:PMPOAOD010                                                                                                                                                           STATUS:UN
                                    GRANk:G5                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:S?

                                    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                     -------  ----------------------------------

                                    ELEMENT: CHASMANTHIUM NITIDUM / SHINY SPIKEGRASS
                                    ELCODE: PMPOAlDO30                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:UN
                                    GRANK:G3?                                                                                                                                                                   SRANK:S?

                                    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                ------  ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                    ELEMENT: DYSCHORISTE HUMISTRATA / SWAMP DYSCHORISTE'
                                    EICODE: PDACA09040                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:UN
                                    GRANK:G4G5                                                                                                                                                                  SRANK:S?

                                    ----------------------------------------------        ----------------    -------------------------------------------        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    ELEMENT: AMARANTHUS PUMILUS / SEABEACH PIGWEED
                                    ELCODE: PDAMA040ZO                                                                                                                                                          STATUS: NCIC2
                                    GRANK:G2                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:Sl

                                    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                - ----------------------------- - -----------------------------------
                                    ELEMENT: ASCLEPIAS PEDICELLATA I SAVANNAH MILKWEED
                                    ELCODE: PDASC021EO                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:RC
                                    GRANK-.G3G4                                                                                                                                                                 SRANK:Sl

                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                7 ----------- I --------------   ..............................................
                                    ELEMENT: LOBELIA BOYKINII / BOYKIN'S LOBELIA
                                    ELCODE: PDCAMOE050                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:C2
                                    GRANK:G2                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:S?

                                    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                      ................................................
                                    ELEMENT: IPOMOEA STOLONIFERA / BEACH MORNING-GLORY
                                    ELCODE: PDCONOAIGO                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:UN
                                    GRANK:GS?                                                                                                                                                                   SRANK:S?

                                    ------------------------------------------------------------        : ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    ELEMENT: DIONAEA MUSCIPULA I VENUS' FLY-TRAP
                                    ELCODE:PDDR001010                                                                                                                                                           STATUS:RC
                                    GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:Sl

                                    .......................     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    ELEMENT: MONOTROPSIS ODORATA / SWEET PINESAP
                                    ELCODE: PDERIOV010                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:RC
                                    GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:SI

                                    ----------------------------------------------------------------------           -------------------------------------------------------          ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                    ELEMENT: PIERIS PHYLLYREIFOLIA / CLIMBING FETTER-BUSH
                                    ELCODE: PDER110020                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:SL
                                    GRANK:G3?                                                                                                                                                                   SRANK:S?

                                    -------------------------    ---------------------------------------------                ------         -----------------------   __     ----------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    ELEMENT: LITSEA AESTIVALIS I PONDSPICE
                                    ELCODE:PDLAU08010                                                                                                                                                           STATUS:C2
                                    GRANK:G3G4                                                                                                                                                                  SRANK:S3

                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    ELEMENT: OROBANCHE UNIFLORA 1 NAKED BROOMRAPE
                                    ELCODE: PDOR0040FO                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:UN
                                    GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:S?
                                    _-   --------------  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                         -----------------------------------------      ------------ -
                                    ELEMENT: SAGERETIA MINUTIFLORA I TINY-LEAVED BUCKTHORN
                                    ELCODE:PDRHAOD010                                                                                                                                                           STATUS: UN
                                    GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:S2

                                    -------------  ---------------------------------------       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------            I ...................................................

                                    ELEMENT: AGRIMONIA INCISA / INCISED GROOVEBUR
                                    ELCODE:PDROS03040                                                                                                                                                           STATUS: NCIC2
                                    GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:Sl

                                    ----------------------    -----------         -----------  __  ------ ---     -----------------------------     -------  --  -------------------------------------------------      1-11  ...........................
                                    ELEMENT: SARRACENIA RUBRA / SWEET PITCHER-PLANT
                                    ELCODE: PDSAR02080                                                                                                                                                          STATUS:UN
                                    GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                                    SRANK:Sl

                                    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    ELEMENT: LEPUROPETALON SPATHULATUM / SOUTHERN LEPUROPETALON
                                    ELCODE: PDSAXOLOIO                                                                                                                                                          STATUS: UN
                                    GRANK:GS?                                                                                                                                                                   SRANK:S?

                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------            ....................................................        ........   ........... __   ........     -- .............














                                          ELEMENT: SCHISANDRA GLABRA / BAY STAHVINE
                                          ELCODE:PDSCH01020                                                                                                                                                       STATUS:SX
                                          GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:SX

                                                                                      - ------ ----  - - -- - --- ---------
                                          EL EMENT:        SC        HWALBE           AAMERI   CA N  A     C  H AF    FSEED
                                          ELCODE: PDSCR10010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS: NCIPE
                                          GRANK:G2                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S2

                                                                            -- - - - - - ------------- -

                                          EL EMENT:        A C       IPENS  ER        BREVIR   OSTRUM         SH   0  RT    NO  S E     S,T  UR GE ON
                                          ELCODE: AFCAA01010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS:FE
                                          GRANK:        G  3                                                                                                                                                      SRAN                   K:S3S4

                                          ------- --- -- -                                                                                                                                                        -------- - - ------
                                          ELEMENT: AMBYSTOMA CINGULATUM                                        FLATWOODS SALAMANDER
                                          ELCOPE: AAAAAO 1030                                                                                                                                                     STATUS: SC/C2
                                          GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S3


                                          EL EMENT:        A M       BYST   OM        ATIGR    INLIM  T IG  Al NUM       I  FA  S,T     ERN  T  IGE R   SALAMAN          D  ER
                                          ELCODE: AAAAA01 146                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:SC
                                          GRANK:G5T5                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S2S3


                                          ELEMENT: PSEUDOBRANCHUS STRIATUS STRIATUS / BROAD-STRIPED DWARF SIREN
                                              * ------ - -------- - --- - - -                                                                                                                                     ---------- -           ----
                                          EL-CODE: AAAA-G-01-0-1-5                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------         STATU`S_:__SC          ---------------------
                                          GRANK:G5T?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S2


                                          ELEMENT: ACRIS CREPITANS CREPITANS I NORTHERN CRICKET FROG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                          _E, L_,C, 0-- -0- -E": ... A- A- A-"B- _C_,0,,l, -0, _1-2 ----------------------- ------------------------*------------------------------------------*------ ----------------- ---------------------------------------
                                          GRANK:GST5                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S5

                                          ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          ELEMENT: RANA AREOLATA
                                          ELCODE: AAABHO1010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS:SC
                                          GRANK:G4 -                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S?

                                          -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          ELEMENT: CARETTA CARETTA / LOGGERHEAD TURTLE
                                          ELCODE: ARAAAO 10 10                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:FT
                                          GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S3

                                          --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                * -------------------------------------------------
                                          ELEMENT: CLEMMYS GUTTATA / SPOTTED TURTLE
                                          ELCODE: ARAAD02010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS:UN
                                          GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S5

                                                 ----------------------------------------------        ------------------------------        ------------------------------------------------------------------    -    -------------------   ---------------
                                          ELEMENT: ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS / AMERICAN ALLIGATOR
                                          ELCODE: ARABA01010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS: FT(S/Al
                                          GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S5

                                          -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------              -------------------------- ----------------   ---------------    -----------------          --------------------------

                                          ELEMENT: OPHISAURUS COMPRESSUS I ISLAND GLASS LIZARD
                                          ELCODE: ARACB02020                                                                                                                                                      STATUS:C2
                                          GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:SIS2

                                          -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------           ---------------------------------------------------              -------------------------------------
                                          ELEMENT: MICRURUS FULVIUS I EASTERN CORAL SNAKE
                                          ELCODE: ARADC02010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS: LIN
                                          GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S2

                                          -...  -------------------                   ......   ............. ............................    I------------ ------ - --        ........ .....                          ..................         ............
                                          ELEMENT: PELECANUS OCCIDENTALIS .'BROWN PELICAN
                                          ELCODE: ABNFC01020                                                                                                                                                      STATUS:SC
                                          GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:SlS2

                                          -------------------------------   I--------------    ----------                       ------------------------------------    -------------     -------  ..........   ............             ----------- ............
                                          ELEMENT: MYCTERIA AMERICANA I WOOD STORK
                                          ELCODE: ABNGF02010                                                                                                                                                      STATUS:FE
                                          GRA  NK:     G   5                                                                                                                                                      SRA    N               KS1S2


                                          ELEMENT: PANDION HALIAETUS / OSPREY
                                          ELCODE:ABNKC01010                                                                                                                                                       STATUS:SC
                                          GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S4

                                          ------------------------------    ---------------------    ---------------------------------       --------------------      -----------------    ----------   ------------------------------------------------
                                          ELEMENT: ELANOIDES FORFICATUS / AMERICAN SWALLOW-TAILED KITE
                                          ELCODE: AEINKC04010                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:SE
                                          GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:S2

                                                    --------------------------------     --------           -------------------------        --------------------------------------------   -------------- _--      -----------          ------ ----------














                                        ELEMENT: ICTINIA MISS ISSIPPIENSIS / MISSISSIPPI KITE
                                        ELCODE:ABNKC09010                                                                                                                                                   STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S4

                                        --- ---------- ---- - - -- ----- - - - ---------- -
                                        EL EMENT       :TYT  0    ALBA      I  BA  RN-OW      L
                                        ELCODE:ABNSA01010                                                                                                                                                   STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S4

                                        - ------------- -------                            - ----------- -------- ---

                                        ELEMENT:       PICO   ID  ES        BORE ALI   S   RED-CO       CKAD      ED    WOO       DP    ECK E  A
                                        ELCODE. ABNYF07060                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:FE
                                        GRANK:G2                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S2

                                        ------------------------------------------------   ----------------------------------------------------------------       ------------------------------      .........................    ......  ............

                                        ELEMENT: VERIVIIVORA BACHMANII / BACHMAN'S WARBLER
                                        ELCODE: ABPBX01010                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:FE
                                        GRANK:Gl                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:SX

                                              .......................................      --------------------------------------       -----------------------------------------------   -   ----------------------------------------------------
                                        ELEMENT: DENDROICA VIRENS I BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER
                                        ELCODE: ABPBX03100                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S4

                                               -------------------------------------------------------------------------------          I----------------------------------------------------------         .........................................
                                        ELEMENT: LIMNOTHLYPIS SWAINSONII / SWAINSON'S WARBLER
                                        ELCODE: ABPBX09010                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S4

                                              -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                        ELEMENT: AIMOPHILA AESTIVALIS I BACHMAN'S SPARROW
                                        ELCODE:ABPBX91050                                                                                                                                                   STATUS:C2
                                        GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S3S4

                                              --------------------------------    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                        ELEMENT: MYOTIS AUSTRORIPARIUS / SOUTHEASTERN MYOTIS
                                        ELCODE: AMACCO1030                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:C2
                                        GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S2S3

                                        ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------         ------------------------------------------   -----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ELEMENT: LASIURUS CINEREUS I HOARY BAT
                                        ELCODE: AMACC05030                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S?

                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------    ------------------------------------------       --------------  ----------------------------------------------------
                                        ELEMENT: PLECOTUS RAFINESQUII / RAFINESQUE'S BIG-EARED BAT
                                        ELCODE: AMACCO8020                                                                                                                                                  STATUS: SE/C2
                                        GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S2?

                                        ..............................................................   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------        I .............................     ..................

                                        ELEMENT: SCIURUS NIGER / FOX SQUIRREL
                                        ELCODE: AMAFBO7040                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S4

                                          -------------------------             --------   ----------------------------------------     -------  :-----------------------------------------------------------------------          -..................
                                        ELEMENT: NEOTOMA FLORIDANA / EASTERN WOODRAT
                                        ELCODE: AMAFF06010                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S3S4

                                        -------------------------------------------------  -----------   --------------------------     --------------------------------     --------------------------------------                ------  --------------
                                        ELEMENT: NEOTOMA FLORIDANA FLORIDANA
                                        ELCODE: AMAFF08011                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:    G    ?                                                                                                                                                    SRAN    K  S'

                                                                                                                                                                                                            -------- - ...
                                        ELEMENT: MICROTUS FIENNSYLVANICUS / MEADOW VOLE
                                        ELCODE: AMAFF 1 10 10                                                                                                                                               STATUS:SC
                                        GRA NK:   G    5                                                                                                                                                    SRAN    K  S4

                                                                                                                                                                                                            -------- - ...

                                        ELEMENT: URSUS AMERICANUS ' BLACK BEAR
                                        ELCODE: AMAJBO 10 10                                                                                                                                                STATUS:SC
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S3?

                                        ---------- -----------------------------------------  ------------   ---------------     -------------------------             .................    ....................................................

                                        ELEMENT: MUSTELA FRENATA / LONG-TAILED WEASEL
                                        ELCODE: AMAJF02030                                                                                                                                                  STATUS:UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S3S4

                                        ---------------------------------------------------------------------  --  ..........           .. ........... ---------------------         -----------------------------------------------------
                                        ELEMENT: INTERTIDAL BEACH
                                        ELCODE: CMCXX00020                                                                                                                                                  STATUS: UN
                                        GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S3
                                        -------------------------------------------------------------------    ............. ..         ---------------- --------------------_---    ....................   ----------             .....................














                                              ELEMENT. BALD CYPRESSJUPELO GUM SWAMP
                                              ELCODE: CPPCX00010                                                                                                                                                    STATUS: (IN
                                              GRA NK:        G5                                                                                                                                                     SRA     N            K:S4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ...... . . . ...
                                              ELEMENT: POCOSIN
                                              ELCODE: CPSCX00040                                                                                                                                                    STATUS: UN
                                              GRANK:G3G4                                                                                                                                                            SRANK:S3S4

                                              -- ----------  ------- -- ---- - ----- ---

                                              EL EMENT:      MAR    ITIME        FORE   ST
                                              ELCODE: CTCXX00050                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              GRANK:G2                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S2S3

                                              ------- ---    -- ------- -- ---- -------- - -
                                              ELEMENT:       MAR    IT  IME      SHRU   B   T H ICKE    T
                                              ELCODE.CTCXX00070                                                                                                                                                     STATUS:UN
                                              GRANK:G4                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S2S3

                                              ------------- -------------
                                              ELEMENT:       MIDDENS
                                              ELCODE- CTCXX00090                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              GRANK:G?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S3

                                              ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              ELEMENT: SPRUCE PINE-MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST
                                              ELCODE-.CTCXX00130                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              GRANK:G3                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S2


                                              ELEMENT: MESIC MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST
                                              E_ L__C_, 0-- _D_ _E_ -:, _C_ -T-,P, _C_ --- 0-O--l ---0--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S T__A,_ _T_U --- S_: --- U_ N_ ----------------------
                                              GRANK:G5                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S4

                                              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              ELEMENT: COMMUNITY UNDEFINED
                                              ELCODE: CXXXXOOOOO                                                                                                                                                    STATUS: UN
                                              GRANK:G?                                                                                                                                                              SRANK:S?

                                              ---------------------------------------   *--------------------------------------   :--------------------------   *------------------------------------------------       * ----------     *------------------
                                              ELEMENT: CAROLINA BAY
                                              ELCODE: OBPROPOSED                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                  *--------------------------------------
                                              ELEMENT: ROOKERY;OCEAN BIRDS,HERONS AND ALLIES
                                              ELCODE: ORXXX00004                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              -------------------------------------     I----------- -------------------------------------------------    ----------    -----------  ------------------------------------------------       -----------------
                                              ELEMENT: ROOKERY;HERONS AND ALLIES,NON-FORESTED
                                              ELCODE: ORXXX00005                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              ---------------------------------------------------------------------     -------------------            --------------------------    I--- ----------------   ...... -------------        I--------------------------
                                              ELEMENT: ROOKERY;HERONS AND ALLIES,FORESTED
                                              ELCODE: ORXXX00006                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              -----------    ---------------------      -----------------------------------------------------------------------       ----------------     ---------------------    ------------------
                                              ELEMENT: ROOKERY;LEAST TERN
                                              ELCODE: ORXXX00010                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:ST
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              ------------   ---------- --------------  ----------------       -------   -------- ------   -----------  ...........  11  ...........         --- ------------       I-------             .. ...........  ...............
                                              ELEMENT: ROO K ERY;SHORE BIRDS
                                              ELCODE: ORXXXOOR01                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              -----------    ---------- -1 ----------   ----------     ......  -----------  --------  --      --------- --   ----------   ---------  --------------     ---------   ------- -            -----------------------
                                              ELEMENT: ROOKERY;MIXED OCEAN AND SHORE BIRDS
                                              ELCODE: ORXXXOOR02                                                                                                                                                    STATUS:UN
                                              CRANK:                                                                                                                                                                SRANK:

                                              ----------------------    ----------      --------------------------- -------  -----------   ------ -----   ------------------------ --------------                   - -----  -------------- ------   -----------



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