[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]


                                                       CITY OF CHESAPEAKE
                                                TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY
                     Special Report No. 312 in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

                                         Gone M. Silberhorn and Sharon Dewing





















                                                                  WETLANDS PROGRAM
                                                    VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE
* QH                                                                    SCHOOL OF MARINE SCIENCE
  541 .5                                                         THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
  .S24                                                                 Glouc'ester Point, Virginia 23062,
  S54
  1991                                                                                JULY 1991





                                             CITY OF CHESAPEAKE
                                       TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY

            Special Report No. 312 in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

                                Gene M. Silberhorn and Sharon Dewing



                         Property of CSC Library



                                             WETLANDS PROGRAM


                         VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE
                                                      School of Marine Science
                                                The College of William and Mary
                                                Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA                     Dr.   Carl Hershner, Program Director
              O      DEPARTMSENT OF COMMERCE NOAA   Dr. Robert J. Byrne, Acting Dean/Director
              . iï¿½ASTAL SERVICES CENTER
              )2:34 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE                                   JULY  1991
V)UD ~          '~HARLESTON, SC 29405-2413





                                                             Preface


              This publication is one of a series of county and city tidal marsh inventories prepared by the Wetlands Ad-
*      ~~visory Group of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The previously published reports include:

                 Lancaster County           Accomack County                       King and Queen County
                Northumberland County    Northampton County                      Prince George County
                 Mathews County             Westmoreland County                     and City of Hopewell
  *            ~~~~York County and the      James City County                     City of Portsmouth
                   Town of Poquoson           and the City of Williamsburg        City of Virginia Beach Vol. 3
                 Stafford County            Surry County                          Richmond County
                 Prince William County      Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties    Charles City County
                 King George County           and the City of Fredericksburg      Henrico County, Chesterfield County,
  *            ~~~~City of Hampton          New Kent County                         Colonial Heights, Petersburg and
                 Fairfax County             Essex County                            the City of Richmond
                 Gloucester County          Isle of Wight County                  City of Suffolk
                 City of Virginia Beach     Middlesex County
                   Vol. I and 2             City of Norfolk 
  *            ~~~~City of Newport News     King William County and
                   and Fort Eustis            Town of West Point


               Under Section 62-1.13.4 of the Virginia Wetlands Act, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science is obligated to
*      ~~inventory the tidal wetlands of the Commonwealth. This inventory program is designed to aid the local wetlands
        boards, the state and federal regulatory agencies, and regional planning districts in making informed rational
        decisions on the uses of these valuable resources. They are also intended for use by the general public as a natural
        history guide and the scientific community as a research data source.

               The reader is referred to the Shoreline Situation Re-Dort. Cities of Chesa-Deake. Norfolk and Portsmouth,
        SRAMSOE No. 136, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062. This report focuses on
        various shoreline characteristics including areas of erosion and accretion, beaches, marshes, artificially stabilized
        areas, and fastland types and uses.

               Also of interest may be a booklet, Wetlands -Guidelines, available from the Marine Resources Commission,
        Newport News, Virginia, which describes the wetlands types and the types of shoreline activities which affect wet-
        lands and what these effects are.







                                                      Acknowledgements


                We would like to thank Mr. Arthur Harris for his field assistance in gathering the data for this report.

                We would especially like to thank Berch Smithson for his programming expertise, Anna K. Kenne, Paula
*      ~~Hill and Martha Craig for digital cartography, William Jenkins for the cover photograph line conversion, Janet
        Walker for tables and typography, and Sylvia Motley for printing production.

                The field work for this inventory was funded in part by the Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and
        Atmospheric Administration, Office of Coastal Zone Management, grant number 04-6-168-4403 7, and in part by the
*      ~~Virginia Council on the Environment's Coastal Resources Management Program through grant number
        NA90AA-H-CZ796 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the Coastal Zone Management
        Act of 1972 as amended.







                                                                    Table of Contents



               Preface ............................1
               Acknowledgements .1...........11         ...........          
               Introduction .1.........................                       
               Methods                                                                                                            ...................................................3
               Marsh Types and Evaluation.......................................                                                  5
               Marsh Types and Their Environmental Contributions.                                                                  .........................7
               Evaluation of Wetland Types.                                                                                       .....................................11
               Marsh Plants.                                                                                                      ..............................................13
               Glossary of Descriptive Terms.                                                                                     .....................................15
               Reference Map to Marsh Sections.                                                                                   ...................................19
                       Section I  Western Branch of the Elizabeth River.                                                           .....................21
0                    ~~~~~~Section II Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River.                                                     ....................31
                       Section III Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River.                                                         .....................51
               Index to Marsh Locations.                                                                                          .......................................57








                                                                              iv







                                                            Introduction


                  The tidal wetlands within the City of Chesapeake have been subjected to developmental impact, especially
         along the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River. Many of the wetlands in this watershed have been compromised,
         historically, in a number of ways by military bases, industrial complexes and the construction of the Intracoastal
*       ~~Waterway. It is unfortunate that this estuarine system is one of the most polluted in the Chesapeake Bay
         Watershed. Wetlands in the Western and Eastern Branches of the Elizabeth River have been impacted mainly by
         urban residential development.

                  Similar wetland losses can be noted in other Hampton Roads cities (Norfolk, Portsmouth and Virginia
         Beach).

                  Against this background, the remaining 1,738 acres of tidal marshes in the City of Chesapeake represent a
         valuable resource well worth protecting.

                  This report is divided into three sections, reflecting the main watersheds of the Elizabeth River within the
*       ~~City of Chesapeake: Section I: Western Branch of the Elizabeth River, totalling 421 acres of tidal marshes; Section
         II: Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, with 1,234 acres, and the Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River (mainly
         Indian River), Section III, with a total of 91 acres.

                  The value of these urban wetlands to wildlife, fishes, water quality and as a buffer to erosion is seldom
*       ~~overemphasized. They make a substantial contribution to the estuarine food web by virtue of organic matter
         (det-ritus) produced and flushed into the receiving waters. Tidal wetlands are often nursery areas for the juveniles of
         many commercially important finfish and shellfish as well as feeding areas for numerous forage fish. The habitat
         that they provide for waterfowl, wading birds, song birds and small mammals is vitally important, particularly in an
         urbanlindustrial setting. Their role as a filter for upland runoff and as a focal point for nutrient cycling is again
*       ~~especially important in intensely developed areas where point and nonpoint inputs of nutrients and various
         pollutants have a significant impact on adjacent water quality. Tidal marshes also provide an effective buffer
         against shoreline erosion by binding sediments and dissipating wave energy.







                                                                 Methods


                    Aerial photographs and topographic maps (U.S.G.S.) were utilized to determine wetland locations, wetland
            boundaries and patterns of marsh vegetation. Acreages and wetland boundaries were substantiated by observations
            on foot, by boat and by low level overflights. Individual plant species percentages are quantitative estimates of
*          coverage based on visual field inspections of every marsh. In some instances, especially in tidal freshwater areas,
            those percentages are subject to seasonal bias.

                    Most of the field work was done in the summer of 1978. Subsequent field work was done in 1988-89. Aerial
            photography (1989) of the lower part of the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River was utilized to facilitate marsh
0          identification and delineation. National Wetland Inventory Maps (U.S.F.W.S.) were also utilized in the preparation
            of this report.

                     Marshes one quarter of an acre or larger are designated by number. Many marshes smaller than one
            quarter acre (usually narrow flinging marshes) are designated by the same symbol (color) as the larger marshes on
*          the section maps but assigned no number. Small marshes (less than one acre) are exaggerated and are not indicated
            to scale. Information such as individual marsh acreage, plant species percentage and acreage, marsh type, and other
            observations are recorded in tabular form. Plant species percentages are recorded to the nearest percent, and
            acreages to the nearest tenth of an acre. In marshes of less than one acre, the areas are recorded to the nearest
            hundredth of an acre. In those instances where an individual plant species is estimated to amount to less than 0.5
            percent, the symbol (-) is used to indicate a trace amount. In unusual situations where an individual marsh is
            estimated to contain 50 percent or more of a species that is not listed as a marsh type, the closest applicable marsh
            type is used.






                                                  Marsh Types and Evaluation


               For a better understanding of what is meant by marsh types, some background information is required. The
        personnel of the Wetland Advisory Group have classified twelve different, common marsh types in Virginia, based
        on vegetational composition. These marsh types have been evaluated according to certain values and are recorded
        in the Guidelines report. The following is a brief outline of the wetland types and their evaluation as found in that
*      ~~publication:

               It is recognized that most wetlands areas, with the exception of the relatively monospecific cordgrass marshes
        of the Eastern Shore, are not homogeneously vegetated. Most marshes are, however, dominated by a major plant.
        By providing the manager with the primary values of each community type and the means of identification, he then
        has a useful and convenient tool for weighing the relative importance of each marsh parcel. In Virginia, many
0      ~~wetlands management problems involve only a few acres or a fraction of an acre. The identification of plant
        communities permits the manager to evaluate both complete marshes and subareas within a marsh.

               Each marsh type may be evaluated in accordance with five general values. These are:

 *           ~~~~1. Production and detritus availability. Previous VIMS reports have discussed the details of marsh
        production and the role of detritus which results when the plant material is washed into the water column. The
        term "detritus" refers to plant material which decays in the aquatic system and forms the basis of a major marine
        food web. The term 'production' refers to the amount of plant material which is produced by the various types of
        marsh plants. Vegetative production of the major species has been measured, and marshes have been rated in
*      ~~accordance with their average levels of productivity. If the production is readily available to the marine food web as
        detritus, a wetlands system is even more important than one of equal productivity where little detritus results.
        Availability of detritus is generally a function of marsh elevation and total flushing, with detritus more available to
        the aquatic environment in the lower, well-flushed marshes.

 *           ~~~~2. Waterfowl and wildlife utilization. Long before marshes were discovered to be detritus producers, they
        were known as habitats for various mammals and marsh birds and as food sources for migratory waterfowl. Some
        marsh types, especially mixed freshwater marshes, are more valuable because of diversity of the vegetation found
        there.






      3. Erosion buffer. Erosion is a common coastal problem. Marshes can be eroded, but some, particularly the
more saline types, are eroded much more slowly than adjacent shores which are unprotected by marsh. This
buffering quality is de-rived from the ability of the vegetation to absorb or dissipate wave energy by establishing a
dense root system which stabilizes the substrate. Generally, freshwater species are less effective than saltwater
plants in this regard.

      4. Water aualitv control. The dense growth of some marshes acts as a filter, trapping upland sediment before
it reaches waterways, thus protecting shellfish beds and navigation channels from siltation. Marshes can also filter
out sediments that are already in the water column. The ability of marshes to filter sediments and maintain water
clarity is of particular importance to the maintenance of clam and oyster production. Excessive sedimentation can
reduce the basic food supply of shellfish through reduction of the photic zone where algae grow. It can also kill
shellfish by clogging their gills. Additionally, marshes can assimilate and degrade pollutants through complex
chemical processes, a discussion which is beyond the scope of this paper.

      5. Floodbuffer. The peat substratum of some marshes acts as a giant sponge in receiving and releasing
water. This characteristic is an effective buffer against coastal flooding, the effectiveness of which is a function of
marsh type and size.

      Research and marsh inventory work accomplished by VIMS personnel indicate that 10 species of marsh
vegetation tend to dominate many marshes, the dominant plant depending on water salinity, marsh elevation, soil
type, and other factors. The term 'dominant" is construed to mean that at least 50% of the vegetated surface of a
marsh is covered by a single species. Brackish and freshwater marshes often have no clearly dominant species of
vegetation. These marshes are considered to be highly valuable in environmental terms.






                           Marsh Types and Their Environmental Contributions

                        (Edited from Guidelines for Activities Affecting Virginia Wetlands)

Type I    Saltmarsh Corderass Communitv

          a. Average yield 4 tons per acre per annum. (Optimum growth up to 10 tons per acre.)
          b. Optimum availability of detritus to the marine environment.
          c. Roots and rhizomes eaten by waterfowl and stems used in muskrat lodge construction. Also serves as
             nesting material for various birds.
          d. Deterrent to shoreline erosion.
          e. Serves as sediment trap and assimilates flood waters.

Type II   Saltmeadow Communitv

          a. 1-3 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Food (seeds) and nesting areas for birds.
          c. Effective erosion deterrent.
          d. Assimilates flood waters.
          e. Filters sediments and waste material.

Type III Black Needlerush Community

          a. 3-5 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Highly resistant to erosion.
          c. Traps suspended sediments but not as effective as Type II.
          d. Somewhat effective in absorbing flood waters.

Type IV   Saltbush Communitv

          a. 2 tons per acre per annum or less.
          b. Nesting area for small birds and habitat for a variety of wildlife.
           c. Effective trap for flotsam.


                                                        7






Type V    Big Cordgrass Community

          a. 3-6 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Detritus less available than from Type I.
          c. Habitat for small animals and used for muskrat lodges.
          d. Effective erosion buffer.
          e. Flood water assimilation.

Type VI   Cattail Communitv

          a. 2-4 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Habitat for birds and utilized by muskrats.
          c. Traps upland sediments.

Type VII  Arrow Arum-Pickerel Weed Communitv

          a. 2-4 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Detritus readily available to marine environment.
          c. Seeds eaten by wood ducks.
          d. Susceptible to erosion from wave action and boat wakes, particularly in winter months.

Type VIII Reed Grass Communitv

          a. 4-6 tons per acre per annum. 
          b. Little value to wildlife except for cover.
          c. Invades marshes and competes with more desirable species.
          d. Deters erosion on disturbed sites.

Type IX  Yellow Pond Lily Community

          a. Less than 1 ton per acre per annum.
          b. Cover and attachment site for aquatic animals and algae.
          c. Feeding territory for fish.






Type X    Saltwort Communitv

          a. Less than 0.5 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Little value to aquatic or marsh animals.

Type XI  Freshwater Mixed Communitv

          a. 3-5 tons per acre per annum.
          b. High diversity of wildlife.
          c. High diversity of wildlife foods.
          d. Often associated with fish spawning and nursery grounds.
          e. Ranks high as a sediment trap and nursery grounds.

Type XII Brackish Water Mixed Communitv

          a. 3-4 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Wide variety of wildlife foods and habitat.
          c. Deterrent to shoreline erosion.
          d. Serves as sediment trap and assimilates flood waters.
          e. Known spawning and nursery grounds for fish.






                                         Evaluation of Wetland Types

                            (From Guidelines for Activities Affecting Virginia Wetlands)


      For management purposes, the twelve types of wetlands identified above are grouped into five classifications
based on the estimated total environmental value of an acre of each type.

      Group__One:   Saltmarsh Cordgrass (Type I)
                     Arrow Arum-Pickerel Weed (Type VII)
                     Freshwater Mixed (Type XI)
                     Brackish Water Mixed (Type XII)

      Group One marshes have the highest values in productivity and wildfowl and wildlife utility and are closely
associated with fish spawning and nursery areas. They also have high value as erosion inhibitors, are important to
the shellfish industry, and are valued as natural shoreline stabilizers. Group One marshes should be preserved.

      0Group Two:   Big Cordgrass (Type V)
                     Saltmeadow (Type II)
                     Cattail (Type VI)

      Group Two marshes are of only slightly lesser value than Group One marshes. The major difference is that
detritus produced in these marshes is less readily available to the marine environment due to higher elevations and
consequently less tidal action to flush the detritus into adjacent waterways. Group Two marshes have very high
values in protecting water quality and acting as buffers against coastal flooding. These marshes should also be
preserved; but if development in wetlands is considered to be justified, it would be better to alter Group Two
marshes than Group One marshes.






      Group Three: Yellow Pond Lily (Type IX)
                     Black Needlerush (Type III)

      The two marshes in the Group Three category are quite dissimilar in properties. The yellow pond lily marsh
is not a significant contributor to the food web, but it does have high values to wildlife and waterfowl. Black
needlerush has little wildlife value, but it ranks high as an erosion flood buffer. Group Three marshes are
important, though their total values are less than Group One and Two marshes. If development in wetlands is
considered necessary, it would be better to alter Group Three marshes than Groups One or Two.

      Group Four: Saltbush (Type IV)

      The saltbush community is valued primarily for the diversity and bird nesting area it adds to the marsh
ecosystem. To a lesser extent it acts as an erosion buffer. Group Four marshes should not be unnecessarily
disturbed, but it would be better to concentrate necessary development in these marshes rather than disturb any of       ï¿½
the marshes in the preceding groups.

      Group Five:  Saltwort (Type X)
                     Reedgrass (Type VIII)

      Based on present information, Group Five marshes have few values of any significance. While Group Five
marshes should not be unreasonably disturbed, it is preferable to develop in these marshes than in any other types.















                                                        12







                                                                Marsh Plants

                               Common names and scientific names as found in the data tables of this report.



                                          Big Cordgrass*             Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth
          *                            ~~~~~~~~~~Black Needlerush*  Juncus roem~erianus Scheele
                                          Cattails*                  Typha angustifolia L.
                                                                      Typha laifolia L.
                                          Marsh Fleabane*            Plucheapurpurascens (Swartz) DC
                                          Marsh Mallow               Kosteletskya virginica Presl.
          *                            ~~~~~~~~~~Orach              Atriplexpatula L.
                                          Reedgrass*                 Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Burton
                                          Saltbush*                  Baccharis halimifolia L.
                                                                      Iva frutescens L.
                                          Saltmarsh Aster            Aster subulatus Michx.
                 *                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Aster tenuifois L.
                                          Saltmarsh Bulrush          Scirpus robustus Pursh
                                          Saltmarsh Cordgrass*       Spartina alterniflora Loisel
                                          Saltmeadow Grass*          Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene
                                                                      Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl.
0                                       Smartweed*                  Polygonum sp.
                                         Spikerush*                 Eleocharis parvula (R.+ S.) Link
                                          Switch Grass*              Panicum virgatum L.
                                         Water Hemp*                Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) J.D. Sauer




                             *Species included in the Wetlands Act of 1972.




                                                                     13






                                        Glossary of Descriptive Terms


       Cove Marsh ~~A marsh contained within a concavity or
                             recessed area on a shoreline. The marsh
                             vegetation is usually found surrounding a
                             central, open-water pond, and tidal flushing is
*                           ~~~~~~~~~permitted through an inlet.






Creek or'Embaved Marsh    A marsh occupying a drowned crook valley. In
                             many large creek marshes the salinity decreases
                             headward; this type of marsh may be divided for
                             inventory purposes into sections if significant
                             changes in the plant community occur along its
                             length.






Delta Marsh                 A marsh growing on sediment deposited at the
                             mouth of a tidal creek. Tidal exchange through
*                           ~~~~~~~~the creek mouth is usually restricted to narrow  ZJ .;
                             channels by the marsh.







Extensive Marsh              A large marsh where the length and depth or
                               width are roughly comparable. Most extensive                          .,4
                               marshes are drained by many tidal channels and
                               creeks which have little freshwater input.                    .. 






Frng~e Marsh                 A marsh which borders a section of shoreline and
                               generally has a much greater length than width         .                
                               or depth..                                                                  .






High .Marsh                  The marsh surface is at an elevation of mean
                               high water or above; it is usually inundated less
                               than twice daily by tidal action.






Low Marsh                    The marsh surface is at an elevation below mean 
                               high water; it is usually inundated twice daily by
                               tidal action.




                                                           16






Marsh Island                An isolated marsh surrounded on all sides by
                             open water. Interior portions of the marsh may                  A
                             contain trees scattered at highest elevations.







Pocket Marsh                A marsh contained within a small, essentially
                             semi-circular area on a shoreline.







Point or Snit Marsh         A marsh which extends from the uplands in the
                             form of a point or spit. Its development is
                             usually influenced by tidal currents that form a
                              sand berm behind which the marsh forms.












                                                        17












A   IAX




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       CITY  OF  CHESAPEAKE







       19
       19










                                                        Section I

                                          Western Branch of the Elizabeth River
































                                                            21


0




Sim~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


SECTION I T Li~~~~~~~~~~~~


 A. STER       E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~





                                 no~~~~~~




         13~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


  14~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~














          22





               0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



                    0~~~~~~~~~~~~



           0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2






              0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3















                                                      239

0~~~~~~r        









i. Western Branch of the Elizabeth River.

                                                                                                                                      I                                                                      a

                                              K) ;;  :0;OAz-Ap 'D-                                                                                           . . ....
                                                                                                      Z .

      Sterns Creek                                                                                                                                                      Creek marsh dominated by
                                   %    85                       10      3       2                                                                                      SA, upper end filled

  1                      15.00
                                   A  12.75                     1.50    .45     .30

      Sterns Creek                                                                                                                                                      Fringe marsh 20-30' wide,
                                   %    60                       10      30                                                                                             dredged channel
  2                       .91
                                   A   .55                      .10     .27

      Sterns Creek                                                                                                                                                      Intermittent fringe marsh,
                                   %    80               2       10      6       2                                                                                      dredged cove

  3                       2.20
                                   A   1.76             .04     .22     .13     .04

      Sterns Creek                                                                                                                                                      Point marsh with pocket
                                   %    60       2      30       4                               4                                                                       area
  4                       .50
                                   A   .30     .01      .15     .02                             .02

      Sterns Creek                                                                                                                                                      Creek marsh with embayed
                                   %    90       2               4                       2                                                                         2    areas
  5                       7.00
                                   A   6.30    .14              .28                     .14                                                                       .14

      Western                     %    80       5       5       10                                                                                                      Fringe marsh dominated by
                                  n%    80      5       5       10                                                                                                      SA
      Branch
  6   Elizabeth           2.41



      Western                                                                                                                                                           Fringe and cove marsh
                                   Br h%    60                   10      20              10                                                                              dominated by SA; rip rap
  7   Elizabeth           .50                                                                                                                                                                             1
      River                       A   .30                      .05     .10              .05


      Western                          80               10      5       5                                                                                               Fringe marsh area 10-20'
      Branch                                                                                                                                                            wide
  8   Elizabeth           .65
      River                       A   .52              .07     .03      .03

                                                                                                     24















                                                 BE -                                        -                         - -----

                                                                                                .. . . ... . . ..



              Drum Point                 %       s              0       5                                                                                                      Fringe marsh 10-30' wide
              Creek%                           801                      5       5
 *          ~~~9 .80
                                    A   .48              .06     .03     .03


              Drum Point                 %           4    2     1      7        312Long narrow fringe marsh,
              Creek                      %     8       2        1       7       3       1                                                                         -       2    dredged channel
          10                      3.00
                                    A   2.52    .06      .03     .21     .09     .03                                                                               .06


              Drum Point                 %         0         2        0        1                                                                                               Fringe marsh with spit and
              Creek                      %      0      -                0      1        0embayed chennelization
               11               ~~~~~18.48

                                    A  11.09                    3.70    1.85    1.85


              Drum Point                 %        7       2       2      0       25IExtensive marsh islands due
          12  Cek.19.00                        70       20                      2       5

                                    A  13.30    .38             3.80    .38      .95                                                                               .19


              Drum Point                 %              3      5       6 02Creek marsh with fringe and
             Creek                      %      35                     6        02embayed areas
          13                     36.00
       *                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~A 4.68    1. 80   21.60   7.20                                                                               .72


              Drum Point                                                                                                                                                       Upper limit of creek,
              Creek                      %100                                                                                                                                  dominated by saitbush
          14      .15.00

                                    A                           15.00


             Crumeoin %    20                                         20      50       10                                                                                     Embayed marsh with fill and
                                              0 reek  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~bulkhead
          1 5                     4.00 

                                    A   .80                      .80    2.00    .40


             Drum Point                        951                             13Pcemas
             Creek%                           951                              13Pcemas
*          ~~~16                     .50

                                    A   .48                      .01     .01             .02


                                                                                       25



















    Drum Point               %   60                      5       5      30                                                                              Broad fringe marsh
                             %   60 5                           5      30
    Creek
17                    1.65
                             A   .99                    .08    .08    .50

    Drum Point                                                                                                                                          Pocket marsh
             LCatio%   75                                 3      2      20A s 
    Creek
18                    5.00
                             A         3.75             .15    .10    1.00


    Drum Point               %   75       2              10      7      6                                                                               Long fringe marsh
    Creek
19                    2.27
                             A   1.70   .05             .23    .16    .14

    Wes tern                                                                                                                                            pocket marsh with small
                             Ce   85      5              2      2       25                                                                         1
    Branch                                                                                                                                              pond behind; filled for ramp
20  Elizabeth         5.00
    River                    A  4.25 .2 5 .25           .10    .10    .25                                                                          .05


    Western                                                                                                                                              Fringe marsh with embayed
    Branch                   %    85                     10      5                                                  'l
    Branch            1                                                                                                                                 area, channelization
21  Elizabeth         1.50
    River                    A   1.28                    .15    .08


    Western                                                                                                                                              Embayed marsh
                             %    65      5             20      10
    Branch
22  Elizabeth          .25
    River                    A   .16    .01              .05    .03


    Western                                                                                                                                              Small fringe marsh
                             Branch  %    70  5                 25
    Branch
23  Elizabeth          .25
    River                    A   .18    .01                     .06


    Western                                                                                                                                              Embayed marsh
          Branch             %   90       5              --      5
    Branch
24  Elizabeth         1.00
    River                    A   .90    .05                     .05

                                                                                       26




















                   Mouth of                                                                                                                                                    Marsh island and fringe on
                                             Muho%    40  10      30      17      3                                                               0                           c.
                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                channel


                                              A   7.10   1.78   5.33    3.02    .53

                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                Embayed marsh
                                              %  40           -- 20    30 5    5
               26                     4.00                                                                                                                                                                      XlI
                                              A   1.60            .80    1.20    .20    .20

                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                Extensive embayed marsh
                                             %    5 -.10                  80 5






               27                     13.00                                                                                                                                                                     IV
                                              A   .65            1.30   10.40   .65

                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                Extensive marsh
                                             %    4065    1- 20   5       10      5 10 







               28                     14.00                                                                                                                                                                     X
                                              A   9.1.6  0        .70    1.4 0    1.40
                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                LargExtensive rembayed marsh which






                                             %    4       5 -0                    12                                                                             2       1
               29                     25.00                                                                                                                                                                     XIV

                                              A  10.00           1.25   10.00   3.00                                                                             .50    .25

                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                Large creek marsh, upper
                                             %        10             35  50  05
               30                     1450.00                                                                                                                                                                   V

                                              A   5.00                   17.50  25.00                                                                                   2.50
                   Bailey Creek                                                                                                                                                PoLarg creint marsh,  channelized
                                             %    40      10--    5       40      102                                                                            2       1   has been channeled







               31                     3.00                                                                                                                                                                      XII
                                              A   1.20    .30            1.20            .30

                   Bailey Creek   0                                                                                                                                            Somewhat embayed fringe
                                             %    50           -          3    0 20                                                                                                channelized







              32                      1.00                                                                                                                                                                     v
                                             A   .50                     .30    .20


                                                                                                         27




0I












                                                                    a~~~~                     ~~       ~~     ~~~~. .    ..    .   .....

        Marsh-       Tot-al          ,o   i      0                                                            1 4bsrain
      Location     zAcres~ ~fl                              ~                  ~                      0


    Bailey Creek                   70      5       --     10      10      --     5                                                         IFringe marsh

33                     1.14

                         A   .60    .06             .11    .11             .06

    Western                   %                  0        1 0Pocket marsh
    Branch                    %    6                       03
34  Elizabeth          .25
    River                     A   .15                    .03             .08


    Western                   %                                                                                                                               44642Fringe and pocket marsh
    Branch           ~              4      46                     42with embayed areas; fill +0
35  Elizabeth          5.00                                                                                                                                bulkhead
    River                     A   4.20    .20            .30    .20             .10

    Goose Creek               %         0    3 2           0      5Embayed marsh

36                    20.00                                                                                                                                                               IV
                         A   4.00    .60    4.40   10.00   1.00

    Goose Creek               %       0 1            s    2 0Embayed marsh

37                     7.00                                                                                                                                                               x~l
                         A   2.10    .70    1.05   1.75   1.40

    Goose Creek                %     2      2      5         2                 01 3Creek marsh


38                    46.00            -                                                IV
                         A   .92    .92    2.30   11.50  27.60                    .46    .46                                            .46    1.38

    Goose Creek                                                                                                                                            Man-made marsh, former
38A                    8.30   %                    5 3      i s                   2      10        a             3              5sand pitI


                         A   4.48           .25             1.25           .17    .83             .66    .25             .42

   Goose Creek               -.    7      130020 Embayed marsh

39                    10.00                                                                                                                                                               XII
                         A   .70    1.00   3.00   3.00   2.00                                                                                   .30

                                                                         28














                                                           a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 0                                               0d W.
              Gos re  0                            1010                   3   oktmarsh    withsal l2~' '
                                                                             0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fig



            Goose Creek                                                                                                                                               Po0 1   0 0Salcreke  marsh withsml
               4~~~~~~   0                         10              102     0       -.fIVg

                                    A   2.50    .50            .77    1.24

            Goose Creek                                                                                                                                               SelCreek marsh wt
                                   %    10      10       2      0   70



        431lzbt 1.29                                                                                                                                                                                  IV1
                  River ~~~A   .139  .13                         .32    .24      .0

            GoosteCrneek030- Fringe marsh i ml re

        442         E         iabt 1.00                                                                                                                                                               V
                  River ~~~A   .40.5                             2.00   7.28

            Western                                                                                                                                                   Long - Marswinge maresho fl
*            ~~~Branch%                      30      125                     0       5
        45  Elizabeth      4    .29
            River                      A  3.60.3.3                         3 .4    06


            Western                                                 70F1 2         3                                                                                   ringe marsh i  ml  re
            Branch                         502                             30      -
        46  Elizabeth      7    .00
            River                      A  4.9046 7                    .14    .2187


           Western                                                                          -M6ar2 25 xesiv fringe maresho fl
            Branch           s         oewa 90m10y-
        45  Elizabeth     1     2.00



            River                      A 7.20    .24        2     .70    .144 . 21                                                                      .70





                                                                                         29














        Marsh ~    Total                       ' 0            0~Osrain
                                    w~~~~~~~J ~    a



   Western                          55       3     2          5       52Small creek marsh,
    Branch                      %    5        3       20      1        5       -                                                                                2     channelized
48  Elizabeth           11.68
    Rliver                      A   6.42    .35    2.34    1.75    .58                                                                                         .23

   Total
    Section I         
T                      421.29
                            A  149.57   9.74   27.89  128.12  88.77   6.01    .66         1.31    .46     .66     .25              .42            2.38    5.10


                            I/;                                                                                                                                                                                      0


                            A











                            A


                            5;


                            A





                            A


                                                                                                             3~~~~~~~~~~~0









                                                      Section II

                                        Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River

0




0




0




0




 






                                                          31









                           49~~~~~~


                      LIZABETH  RIVE~~





54~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~






















  32






 11~ ~ I IU I
        B.  DEEP CREEK











~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0




                      7~~~~~~~~33

0~~~~~~~~~~~~10

























        9~~~~~~~~~~~~~0







                 HERBER S~ ~ ~~~~~~

    34
92~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~









        ECION IL.
        D.  SOU  [RN BR NH [LZ TH RIVER








             0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0                   10








~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~107











                                                      35








noN 11~~~~~~~~~~~~\~





                                          RIV~~~~~~~~~~'

















0  0       0       0       0       0       0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2












              GE AN














                    143 144


                            142
                      140

                                            AK





                                                 1000




                 137
139

                     m
         1313

                 129 MILLDAM










Ii. Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River.


                              %0             0                       c5 0 0  =  aX03K 0- - -. '2 .0.
         00000   t000Marshi00 > Total* i.                              0                                         .. ..                                .    .     .    .     bservati .  .. ...s
    0 :~: :-;::::M0~Locationï¿½S* -:Acre~sE  E? t_                                      (fl       C :   ::=== U-;;C......



     Paradise Creek                                                                                                                                                 Extensive embayed fringe

49                      4.68 

                             A   2.34                     .23    1.17    .94                                                                                                                                       0

     Southern                                                                                                                                                       Small fringe marsh
           Sothrnc             %    30                       20      10      40
     Branch
50  Elizabeth            .75                                                                                                                                                                        XII
     River                      A   .23                      .15      .08     .30


     Southern                                                                                                                                                       Fringe marsh 
                             %    70                      15               15
     Branch
51  Elizabeth           2.54
     River                       A   1.78                    .38              .38


     St. Julian                                                                                                                                                     Intermittent fringe marsh
     Creek
52                       .25 
                             A   .23     .01             .01

     St. Julian                                                                                                                                                     Fringe marsh
     Creek
53                       .25
                             A   .18                      .04             .04

     St. Julian                                                                                                                                                     Creek marsh, dominated by
                             u%   100
     Creek                                                                                                                                                          saltmarsh cordgrass
54                      35.00
                             A  35.00

     St. Julian                                                                                                                                                     Narrow fringe marsh
     Creek
55                       .30
                             A   .27                      .03

     St. Julian                                                                                                                                                     Fringe marsh
                             %    85                       10              5
    Creek
56                      3.00
                             A   2.55                     .30             .15

                                                                                     38













                 Marsh        Toa                                                                   0                             'Oevain



            St. Julian                %Narrow fringe marsh
            Creek                          9         
*        ~~~57                    .32 
                                    A   .29    .02             .02

            St. Julian                                                                                                                                              Fringe and cove marsh
            Greek                     %  so                        10
        58                     1.50
                                    A   1.35                   .15

            St. Julian                %                                                                                                                                   0Small creek marsh
            Creek                     %     55                            9
        59                     11.00                                                                                                                                                                 v
                                    A   .55                    .55    9.90

            Southern                                                                                                                                                 Small fringe marsh
*            ~~~~Branch                 %    90                      5       5
        80  Elizabeth           .25
            River                     A   .23                    .01    .01

            Southern                  %    8                       5Small fringe marsh
            Branch                         851
        61  Elizabeth           .25
*            ~~~~~River                  A   .21                    .04

            Southern                  %                  0         1 0Narrow fringe marsh
            Branch                    %    3                       0      6
        62  Elizabeth           .62                                                                                                                                                                  v
            River                     A   .19                     .06    .37


*~~~~~Su hr %    90                                                  5       5                                                                                          Narrow fringe marsh
            Branch
        63  Elizabeth           .82
            River                     A   .56                     .03    .03

            Deep Creek                %         0 3         0     1        0Channelized marsh

        64                     11.00                                                                                                                                                                 xII
                                   A   4.40   3.30   1.10   1.10   1.00

                                                                                       39













             M at~~~~~~' 000
                                                                                 ~~a   ~~~  a  00  .~~~~~~   ~ ~~                        Observat~~~~~ionsf



   Deep Creek                 905                                   5Point marsh

65                      .62
                       A   .56                      .03     .03

   Deep Creek                  %       0     82Small creek marsh

66                     17.00
                       A  15.30   1.36              .34

   Deep Creek             4         0      30               10      15      5                                                                                    Extensive fringe marsh
                                              ~~~~~   4  -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~somewhat embayed
67                     18.00                                                                                                                                                                        Xli
                       A   7.20    5.40            1.80    2.70    .90

   Deep Creek                                                                                                                                                     Extensive fringe marsh
                      %    45      20              10       5      20                                                                                    somewhat embayed
68                      14.00                                                                                                                                                                       X11
                       A   6.30    2.80            1.40    .70    2.80

   Deep Creek                 %        0 51                          0      5Embayed creek marsh

69                     16.00                                                                                                                                                                        X11
                      A  11.20   .80              1.60    1.60    .80

   Deep Creek                 %      5      5       352Narrow fringe marsh

70                      6.00
                      A   5.10    .30     .18      .30     .12


   Gilmerton                       603                                       0Narrow f rings marsh,
   Deep Creek                 %     03                                       0bulkheading
71  Canal               1.50
                       A   .90                      .45             .15

   Gilmerton                       10Pocket marsh on man-made
   Deep Creek                 % 10canal
72  Canal         -     8.49
                       A   8.49

                                                                   40

















                                                                           0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

                     Deep Creek %          0                    0 Frng m a    rs

                                       A01080                                               020






                       Deep~~~~~~a                           Cr e .0 00  5  50Cee0as
                                  75~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0                                                             3.0.0


             Deep Creek                                                                                                                                   Fr021 62Etninge  mbydmarsh,



                   Deep Creek %   90                           10      5Ebye as

         77                   2.00

       0                             ~~~~~~~~~~~A 1.60          .20  3

             Deep Creek              %Extensive embayed                                                                                                                      marsh


         78                   29.00

                                    A  80 204.60                1.45 2.0

 S           ~~~~Deep Creek           %    0      1  5Creek marsh wt rne


         79          17.00

                                    A  2.401.0 .15    .5    .30


             Deep Creek              %Ex0e20sive e mbaye                                                                                                                  d fig marsh,

*         76                   300 .00

                                    A  24.00  1.60           3.25   1.80                                                                    .0

                                Deep Creek                                                                                                               Embayed marsh~~~~4














           Marsh     ~Total.                                                                                          ,                  

                                                             a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...  -...   ...~  5 M   


    Deep Creek                                                                                                                                                       Extensive embayed marsh
                            %    20      35               5       40                                                                                             with fringe

81                      24.00                                                                                                                                                                          XII
                            A   4.80    8.40             1.20    9.60

    Deep Creek                   %       0    552                                                                          55Trees in marsh

82                      20.00                                                                                                                                                                          XII
                            A   4.00 .1.00               1.00    4.00    9.00                                                             1.00


    Deep Creek                  %    50               --      30      5       15                                                                                     Point marsh

83                       .50 
                            A   .25                      .15     .03     .08

    Southern                                                                                                                                                          Fringe marsh surrounding
    Branch                      %     0          4                     0outer perimeter of island
84  Elizabeth           1.00 
    River                       A   .50                      .40     .10 


    Southern                                                                                                                                                          Extensive embayed marsh
    Branch                      %    25      10       -.              10      50                                                                                     with fringe, spoil in area
85  Elizabeth           26.00                                                                                                                                                                          Vill
    River                       A   6.50    2.60             1.30    2.60   13.00


    Southern                                                                                                                                                          Embayed marsh, trees in
          Branch~~~ 50                      10       --      5       5       30 ae

86  Elizabeth           14.00                                                                                                                                                                           V
    River                       A   7.00    1.40             .70     .70    4.20


    Southern                         905                              5Fringe marsh
    Branch%                          90-                      5       5
87  Elizabeth           1.50
    River                       A   1.35                     .08      .08


    New Mill                         85753Creek marsh
    Creek              ~8                              -      5        3       -
88                      3.00
                            A   2.55    .21              .15     .09

                                                                                   42















          Marsh        Tal20                                                                                                                          ,Obevais
         Location                                   A k. EI                    .       .        a --                                   -  
                         Acres~~~ .     ..          o      .'              .~                               ~     E
                                           Mc-                                                mz .o  0                          W .  C O L     O       -

      New Mill                   %        0 1                          0      5Embayed creek marsh.
      Creek                           7       10       -       5      10      5channelized
  89                     4.97
                             A   3.48    .50             .25    .50      .25


      New Mill            4201 20Embayed marsh,
      Creek                                                                                                                                                         channelized
  90                     14.25
                             A   6.41    2.85            1.43    .71    2.85


      New Mill                   %                                    02                                                                      31                    Embayed marsh
      Creek%                          30      2        -       5      41                                                                                       1
  91                      8.46                                                                                                                                                                        v

                             A   2.54    1.69            .42    3.64                                                                             .08      .08


      Now Mill                   -. 0  0240-Creek marsh, scattered trees

  92           G          ek6.38                                                                                                                                                                      v

                             A   1.91    .64             1.28    2.55


      New Mill                   %    3  0240Creek marsh, scattered trees
      Creek                      %    3        0       -       0      4                        --
  93                     25.42                                                                                                                                                                        v

*                                 ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~A 7.63    2.54  5.08   10.17


      New Mill                   %       4      3      0120Extensive and embayed
      Creek                      %     0      3        .      1        0fringe marsh
  94                      7.91                                                                                                                                                                        xiI

                             A   3.16    2.37            .79    1.58


      New Mill                   %            0     2          0     2         0Creek marsh
      Creek%                          40      2        .      1       20       0
  95                     14.97                                                                                                                                                                        XII

                             A   5.99    2.99            1.50   2.99    1.50


      Now Mill                   %       0                    5       1                                                                                             Embayed marsh, scattered
      Creek                                                                                                                                                         trees
  96                      5.16                                                                                                                                                                        IV

                             A   1.55    .52             2.58    .52


                                                                                43
















                                                                                -0 
                                                           E ~     ~~~~                           ,O  E.-   zi,                  0   0
       AOca d            ltio  Acres                                                            .. , -  ... .1' -~ 01.                          . 0..                                         0    --
                                                                        .;  ~~~    ~  0   00    00    oa ~~~~~                                          00


                                           New Mill                                                                                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pocket marsh
           New Mill ~%    50                20             20      10
    Greek
97                     1.49
                               A   .75    .30              .30    .15


                                           Southern                                                                                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fringe and embayed marsh
    Sothranc                  %    40      40              10      10

98  Elizabeth          5.77XI
    River                     A  2.31    2.31             .58     .58


                                           Southern                                                                                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Embayed marsh
    Sothranc                  %    30      50              10      10

99  Elizabeth          15.90                                                                                                                                                                   I
    River                     A  4.77    7.95             1.59    1.59
                                                                                                                                                              Creek and embayed marsh
    Southern                  %    3                        5      5 
    Branch                    %     015                            5 
100 Elizabeth          26.50V
    River                      A  7.95                    3.98   13.25   1.33
                                                                                                                                                              Cove marsh
    Southern                        05                             1       5
     Branch                         805                             1       5
101 Elizabeth           .47
     River                     A   .38                     .02    .05    .02

                                                                                                                                                               Cove marsh
           Southern ~%    10                       25      40      25
     Branch                                                                                                                                                                                     l
102 Elizabeth           .73
     River                      A   .07             .18    .29    .18
                                                                                                                                                               Creek and embayed marsh

     Southern                  %    20      10              30      30      10
     Branch                                                                                                                                                                                     l
103 Elizabeth          28.43XI
     River                      A  5.69   2.84             8.53    8.53    2.84
                                                                                                                                                               Fill on marsh along river

     Southern                                0        4                   0        -        101                                                           3
     Branch                    %             0               0      3       -                              1                                       
104  Elizabeth         44.76XI
     River                      A  2.24   4.48             17.90   13.43                   .45            4.48                                   .45    1.340

                                                                                             44
















                  Loarh         tiona -a    Ace E                                                                                                                               'Observations
                                                  0                    Ca                                   'Fu           '50
                Locatien   Scatred pns E.                    E        .         -              along   ~            r~       iver                      a
                                                               I                                                 -s



                     Bran~~~~0     t~                       ch( %           cOO 5         jo 5        ~              D       O               '      o               Z

         106  Elizabeth         34.5   I]
 0            ~~~~River         A3.46   3.06                         3.4    2.01 


              Southern                                                                          Large island
              Branch                    %  20         2     0     j  10       50
         107  Elizabeth     2 1.64                                I
              River                      A  4.33  j4.33       2      .161    0.06


              Southern                                                                                                                                                    L 01 0 5 as on areao island
              Branch%                         20     210                     5
         107  Elizabeth         21.864                                                                                                                                                                    V
              River                      A 43        .321                    06


              Southern                                                                                                                                                    Maisc  oninuou frinemaroslan
              Branch                    %    30   0                  10   40onild
*        ~~~109  Elizabeth        266                                                                                                                                                                       V
              River                     A    6 .      29             .29    1.40


              Southern                                                                                                                                                    Discon2030Patinaous frilledmrs
              Branch                         50       -10                    4onsld
         1109  Elizabeth    7     .800x
              River                     A  23   1.56      1.50  2.340


              Southern                                                                                                                                                    Pa0 1   0 0Itrmtially fringedcee
              Branch      m      a     r    s     h                  2       3
         III Elizabeth      1     8.25.                                                                                                                                                                    I
              River                     A  9.134   1.86              1.832.348


              Southern                                                                                                                                                    In5 1   0 10 5 aterittent frilled landfil
0            ~~~Branch                        50      110                     3mas




         112  Elizabeth         72.30                                                                                                                                                                      V
*            ~~~~River                   A  10.85   9.40    7.23    7.23   36.15   1.45


                                                                                                 45

















         B Marsh       Tota         80j                             t        3i                                                                                   F .marsh
                                                                 200 '4    O- -' ao. .                             . .

    Southern                                                                                                                                                      Fringe marsh
                              %    80                       7      10       3
     Branch
113 Elizabeth           2.11
    River                      A   1.69                     .15    .21      .06


    Southern                         5       2               5      85       2                                                                                    Large embayed marsh,
     Branch                                                                                                                                                        partially impacted
114 Elizabeth          167.25                                                                                                                                                                       V
     River                      A   8.36    3.35            8.36   142.16   3.35                            1.67


    Southern                         5                      10      80       5                                                                                    Embayed marsh, partially
     Branch                                                                                                                                                        filled
115 Elizabeth          39.80                                                                                                                                                                        V
    River                      A   1.99                    3.98   31.84   1.99


    Southern                   %    5                        5      90                                                                                            Pocket marsh
                              %    5                       5       90
    Branch
116 Elizabeth           6.26                                                                                                                                                                        V
    River                      A   .31                      .31    5.63


    Southern                        10       5               5      80                                       --                                                   Embayed marsh, pine
    Branch                     %    1        5hummocks
117 Elizabeth          100.37                                                                                                                                                                       V
    River                      A  10.04   5.02             5.02   80.30


    Southern                        80      10               5       5                                                                                            Dredged channel in marsh
                              n%    80     10               5       5
    Branch
118 Elizabeth           7.57
    River                      A   6.06    .76              .38    .38


    Southern                        80       5               5      10                                                                                            Pocket marsh
                              %    80       5               5      10
    Branch
119 Elizabeth           2.39
    River                      A   1.91    .12              .12    .24


    Southern                                                                                                                                                      Tree hummocks
                              %    20                      30      10      40
    Branch
120 Elizabeth           3.35                                                                                                                                                                        XII
    River                      A   .67                      1.01    .34    1.34

                                                                                           46

















                                             .cï¿½                             1 E0                             to B                                                                             a '

                                     ,00 o    z  00          0 I0           a :.00i0 i0                                   E a  f a:                                                           0 _;   
     Southern                                                                                                                                                 Fringe marsh
           Branch             %    90                      10
     Branch
121 Elizabeth           .76
     River                     A   .68                     .08


     Southern                        70                                                                                                                       Fringe marsh
                                %c   70      10             10      10
     Branch
122 Elizabeth          4.37
     River                     A   3.06    .44             .44    .44


     Southern                                                                                                                                                 Fertilizer plant nearby
           Branch              %    80      5      5       5               5
123 Elizabeth          3.73
     River                     A   2.98    .19    .19    .19               .19


     Southern                                                                                                                                                 Fringe marsh
                                %c   80                      7      10      3
     Branch
124 Elizabeth          7.69
     River                     A  6.15                     .54    .77    .23


     Newton                                                                                                                                                   Creek marsh surrounded by
     Creek                                                                                                                                                    indistrial/residential
125                    7.69                                                                                                                                   development
                                A   3.85                   1.54   2.31

     Newton                                                                                                                                                   Creek marsh surrounded by
                                %    95                     5
     Creek                                                                                                                                                    industrial/residential
126                    5.39                                                                                                                                   development
                                A   5.12                   .27

     Newton                                                                                                                                                   Creek marsh, barrow pit
     Creek                                                                                                                                                    open to tide
127                    12.92
                                A   7.75    .65    2.58   1.29             .65


     Newton                                                                                                                                                   Industrial complex
           Creek              %    90                      5       5
     Creek
128                    5.37
                                A   4.83                   .27    .27

                                                                                              47















         Marsh        t0                                                                                                                                             Observationsi
      #  Location     Acres*                                2 =X


                                                                                                                                                            Impacts from industrial/
                              %    95                      2       1      1                                                                             1   urban development

129                    15.42
                               A  14.65                    .31    .15    .15                                                                            .15

    Mill Dam Creek                                                                                                                                           Impacts from industrial/
                               -%    90                    10                                                                                                 urban development

130                    1.99
                               A   1.79                    .20


     Mill Dam Creek                                                                                                                                      1   Impacts from industrial/
                               %    95                      2      2                                                                                         urban development

131                    2.38
                               A   2.26                    .05    .05                                                                                   .02

     Mill Dam Creek                                                                                                                                           Impacts from industrial/
                               Mill%    30  30             40      --                                                                                         urban development

132                    6.34
                               A   1.90   1.90            2.54

     Mill Dam Creek                                                                                                                                           Impacts from industrial/
                               %    60     30              10                                                                                                 urban development

133                    37.51
                               A  22.51   11.25           3.75

                                                                                                                                                            Impacts from industrial/
                               Mill Dam Creek  85           5      5       5                                                                                  urban development

134                    8.78
                               A   7.46                    .44    .44    .44


     Mill Dam Creek                                                                                                                                           Impacts from industrial/
                               Mill  20     5              25      50                                                                                         urban development

135                    13.25
                               A   2.65    .66            3.31   6.63


     Mill Dam Creek                                                                                                                                           Impacts from industrial/
                               Mill Dam Creek  %   .10     90                                                                                                 urban development
                                                                                                                                                                                            IV
136                    9.27
                               A   .93                    8.34

                                                                                            48















               Marsh        Toa                                                                 4    .a)a                                                                bevain
                                                                         Nw                                        P  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a
              Lodation     Acre                x                                                                                                    Cao  O E  E     

                                  COO    CDZ   co 0        CD    0o   Mo               a .U.          0 COf  ca.      CD)  to       CO  0         ~Z%    .

           Mill Dam Creek            %                 0        7        1Impacts from industrial/
                                                       %    90  1  7  1  -.                      --                                            1   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~urban development
        137                    10.40
                               A  9.36    .10             .73    .10                                                                                 .10

           Mill Dam Creek            %        9                   0Impacts from industrial/
                                                       %    90  10                                                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~urban development
        138                    6.30
                               A  5.67                    .63


           Southern                  %     02 0Small pocket marsh
           Branch            ~5                                  0      3
        139 Elizabeth           .36
           River                     A   .18                    .07    .11

           Gilligan Creek            % 8                           410Fringe and point marsh

*         ~~~140                  2.23
                               A I1.90    .02             .09            .22

           Gilligan Creek            %     055Creek marsh

        141                    8.20
                               A   7.38                   .41            .41

           Gilligan Creek            %     5      159Small embayed marsh


        142                    3.52
                               A   2.99    .04            .18            .32

           Gilligan Creek            % 820Fringe marsh

        143                    .95
                               A   .76                    .19


           Jones Creek               %   80                      20                                                                                              Fringe marsh

       144                    1.37
                               A   1.10                   .27


                                                                            49















       Marsh        Total                                          0                                                             0
      Location      Acres.                       E                                .~0                          (0       .                         ~Osrain
                                              -~~~ ~~~0    -0    -     t~~~~~~~~~~0    -      -                         0 ~~~~~~~~~~                                        0 I


   Jones Creek               9055Small pocket marsh

145                    3.45
                      A   3.11                    .17            .170

   Jones Creek               %                   0        55Pocket marsh


146                    2.28
                      A   2.05                    .11            .11


   Scuffletown                    85852Long fringe marsh
   Creek                     % 8                                            
147                    1.67
                      A   1.42                    .13            .08    .03


   Scuffletown               %     056Fringe marsh
   Creek             ~9                                     
148                    4.64
                      A   4.18                    .23            .23


   Scuffletown               9055Cove marsh
   Creek             ~9                                     
149                    3.59
                      A   3.23                    .18            .18

   Total
   Section ii       
T                    1233.9?
                      A 458.42  108.66  11.61  129.99 461.29  53.70   .03    .45               6.15                            1.00    1.13   1.69


                                                     %~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


                      A





                      A


                                                                 50










                                                      Section III

                                         Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River










0
0




0




0









0



                                                          51























































52










             1ll. Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River.








                   Indian River                                                                                                                                                    Cove marsh                             I
                                              %    90                       8       2
              1t50                     2.00
                                               A   1.80                     .16     .04

                   Indian River                      0  2                                                                                                                          Spit marsh
                                               %    60              35         3                             2
              151                      .25
                                               A   .15              .09    .01                              .01

                   Indian River                                                                                                                                                    Small creek marsh
                                               %    95                       5
              152                      5.00
                                               A   4.75                     .25

                   Indian River                                                                                                                                                    Spit and cove marsh
                                               %    95                       5
*             t153                     2.00
                                               A   1.90                     .10

                   Indian River                                                                                                                                                     Fringe and cove marsh
                                               %    95                       5
              154                     5.00
                                               A   4.75                     .25

                   Indian River                                                                                                                                                     Fringe marsh
                                              %    90                      10
              155                      1.32
                                               A   1.18                     .13

                   Indian River                     85      5               8        2                                                                                              Fringe marsh

              156                      1.00
                                               A   .85     .05              .08     .02

                   Indian River                                                                                                                                                     Creek marsh
                                              %    20                      30       40               2                       2                                        5       1
              157                     56.00                                                                                                                                                                          Xll
                                               A  11.20                    16.80  22.40             1.12                    1.12                                     2.80    .56


                                                                                                             53


















                                                         a.   0  0) ~~~~~~~~  -  ~~~~~0  ~~~  0  00 ~~~~Observations
      Location       Ace        C     D     ~     E                                                O    ~          Z0 ~                             
                                  cfeSL  E   0                                                  E       E                         (04 -0   E ..~~.~ -- --~                            a " 



   Indian River                                                                        035 Point and cove marsh

158                     8. 00

                       A   4.80                   2.80    .40


   Indian River                %9                                   -               5Fringe marsh


159                      .81

                        A   .73                     .04                     .04


   Indian River                    8                        5                                                                                                  Fringe marsh


160                      .25

                        A   .20                     .04                    .01


   Indian River               %     55Fringe marsh


161                      .50I 

                        A   .48                     .02


   Indian River              -/              0       2              0Fringe marsh


162                      .50

                       A   .36                     .10    .04


   Indian River               %0                                   -                                       1                                                   Cove marsh

163                     1.00

                        A   .90                     .08                                             .01            .01


   Indian River               %              2      2      6       -                                                        -Fringe marsh


164                     4.00

                        A   3.68    .08             .24



   Eastern Branch             %     5852Fringe marsh
   Elizabeth                  %    8                                 
165  River              3.10

                        A   2.64                    .25    .16                                                      .06 


                                                                     54
















         Location..    Acre           bOt                                                                     ~i"Cow
                                              ~~~~~~0al0 -W                                 .6 -          --


      Eastern Branch             % 10Marsh island
      Elizabeth                       10
  166  River               .25
                           A   .25

      Total
      Section Il    l       
   T                      90.98
                           A  40.62    .13     .09    21.35   23.06             1.17    .01             1.13             .07                    2.80    .56

      GRAND
      TOTAL            
  GOT                    1746.24
                           A  648.61  116.53  39.59  279.46  573.12  59.71    1.86    1.77    .46    7.94    .25         .07     .42    1.00    6.31    7.35





S~~~~~~~~~~



                           A




                           A6




                           A





                           A









                                                                          55






        Index to Marsh Locations



Bailey Creek .....................23
Deep Creek ......................33
Drum Point Creek ...................22
Eastern Branch Elizabeth River ...........52
Gilligan Creek ....................37
Gilmerton Canal ...................33
Goose Creek .....................23
Hodges Creek .....................36
Indian River ......................52
Jones Creek ......................37
Mains Creek .....................36
Mill Dam Creek ....................37
New Mill Creek .................. 34,36
Newton Creek .....................36
Paradise Creek .................. 32,37
Scuffletown Creek ..................37
Southern Branch Elizabeth River . . .  32,33,34,35,36
Sterling Point .....................22
Sterns Creek .....................22
St. Julian Creek ....................32
Western Branch Elizabeth River ......... 22,23










                  57