Rhode Island's salt pond region a special area management plan, Ninigret to Point Judith Ponds : adopted November 27, 1984

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

STATE OF RHODE ISLIUM AND PROVIDENCE PLAWATIONS

COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
Oliver H. Stedman Government Center
4808 Tower Hill Road
Wakefield, R.I. 02879-1900
(401) 277-2476

ADDENDUM

RHODE-ISLAND'S SALT POND REGION:

A SPECIAL AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN

V* Coastal Resources Management Council

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QH
541.5 September 1993
S24
R146
1993
addendum

RHODE ISLAND'S SALT POND REGION:

A SPECIAL AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN

AMENDMENTS

These amendments to the Salt Pond Region Special Area Management Plan provide
for the plan to be extended to Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds and
their watersheds. The amended Plan complements and adds to the policies,
regulations and standards of the State of Rhode Island Coastal Resources
Management Program as amended.

TITLE PAGE

Amend (Ninigret to Point Judith Ponds) to (Maschaug to Point Judith
Ponds).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Second page, second-paragraph. Amend the first two sentences as follows:

Special acknowledgment is due to the four towns in the Salt Pond region:
Narragansett, South Kingstown, Charlestown and Westerly. Each of the town
councils supported the project from the beginning and members of the
commissions, boards and offices within each town gave generously of their
time for development and implementation of this plan.

Second page, last paragraph. Amend to read as follows:

Financial support for the Salt Pond study and the plan was provided by
URI Sea Grant, the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Program,
each of the four towns, and a planning grant from EPA through the Office
of Statewide Planning.

CHAPTER ONE. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE SALT POND SPECIAL AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN

Figure 1-1, page 3. Amend to portray housing trends for Quonochontaug,
Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds (See attached figure 1-1).

Section 120, page 4. Last paragraph. Add a sentence prior to the last
sentence as follows: Additional research and analyses were carried out
during 1985 for the three Salt Ponds and their watersheds in the town of
Westerly.

Section 130, page S. Second paragraph, third and fourth sentences.
Amend as follows: For regulating purposes, the region is defined as
shown in Figure 1-2 and 1-2A and includes 3311 square miles. This region
incorporates approximately 20 percent of Narragansett, 30 percent ?f
South Kingstown, 40 percent of Charlestown, and 15 Percent of Westerly.

Section 130, page 5. Third paragraph, third sentence. Amend as follows:
A recent survey indicates that some 60 percent of the residents of
Narragansett, South Kingstown and Charlestown use the ponds as a
recreational resource and that 70 percent of these users visit the ponds
more than ten times a year.

Section 130, page @. Third paragraph, sixth sentence. Amend as follows:

The towns are considering increasing the size of house lots in the
remaining scarcely developed areas, several parcels in the region are
high on DEM's priority list for land acquisition, and the CRMC has
designated all of the ponds, except for portions of Point Judith Harbor
for conservation and low intensity use.

Figure 1-2, page 6. Add a map incorporating the watershed boundaries of
Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds (see attached Figure 1-2 A).

Section 140, page 7, goal 2, amend as follows:

To prevent expansion near areas of the salt ponds that are susceptible to
contamination by potentially harmful bacteria or eutrophic conditions.

Section 140, page 7, goal 2, second sentence. Amend as follows:

However, recent surveys of the pond Ove shown that bacterial
contamination is becoming more widespread.

CHAPTER TWO. THE FRAMEWORK OF MANAGEMENT

Figure 2-1, page 14. Amend to reflect land use in the watersheds -of
Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds (see attached Figure 2-A).

Section 210.1, page 15, paragraph C. Omit the last sentence.

Section 220.2 - CRMC Small Estuaries and Salt Ponds Subcommittee:
(Effective July 26, 1988)

The CRMCIs Planning and Procedure Subcommittee shall serve as the
coordinator of planning and regulatory activities in the Salt Pond region
and promote its legislative mandate that states "that preservation and
restoration of ecological systems shall be the primary guiding principle
upon which environmental alteration of coastal resources will be
measured, judged and regulated (GLRI 46-23-1) The CRMC Planning and
Procedures Subcommittee shall:

A. Coordinate actions with local, state, regional and federal agencies
and private interests; the Subcommittee shall act jointly with the
Action Committee when implementing nonregulatory management
initiatives contained in this plan (see 220.6 below).

B. Make recommendations to the full Council, which shall serve as an
arbitration board "in any matter of dispute involving the resources
of the salt pond region and the interests of two or more municipal or
state agencies" (GLRI 46-23-6Ce). The Subcommittee's
recommendations shall be referred to the full Council for a binding
decision.

C. Sponsor research on management issues in the salt pond region and
advise the Governor, General Assembly and public on coastal matters
(GLRI 46-23-6Cc).
US Department Of Commerce
NOAA Coastal Services Center LK)rary
2234 South Hobson Avenue
Charleston, SC 29405-2413

Section 270.4, page 18. Replace item 1, with the following:

1. New residential or commercial developments of six dwelling units, or
more.

Section 220.5 A, page 19. Agencies participating in the Coordinated
Permit Review. Add:

6. The fire districts, where appropriate, for an activity proposed for
the watershed in which they are situated.

Task 2.1, page 21. Municipal Governments. Change "the three
municipalities in the region" to "the municipalities in the region...

CHAPTER THREE. WATER QUALITY

Section 310.2.A.2, page 26. Add a sentence to the end of the paragraph
as follows:

The few bacteria samples that have been taken in Quonochontaug and
Winnapaug Ponds indicate that wqe E quality in these two ponds is still
good, and safe for shellfishing. * Much of the northern shore and the
watershed above these ponds is still largely undeveloped.

section 310. '2.B.1, page 26. Amend the last two sentences of the
paragraph to read as.follows:

Trustom, Cards and Maschaug Ponds are host to dense flocks of waterfowl
which are likely to be a major source of bacterial contamination.
However, in Trustom Pond, since it is a National Fish and Wildlife
Refuge, boating, swimming and shellfishing are prohibited.

Section 310.2.B.2, page 26. Change 115,502 ISDS11 to 7.600 ISDS to reflect
the numbers of ISDS in the Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and Maschaug
watershed.

Figure 3-1, pag e 27. Add a map of the watershed boundaries of Maschaug,
Winnapaug and Quonochontaug Ponds (see attached Figure 3-1B).

Section 310.2 B.2, page 28. Add to the bottom of the table:

Watershed Houses (1980) Built Before 1964

Quonochontaug so
Winnapaug and Maschaug 69

Section 310.3, page 29, paragraph 2. Third sentence. Amend as follows:

Thus, nitrogen is limiting growth throughout most of the more saline
Ouonochontaug, Winnapaucr, Ninigret and Point Judith Ponds, while both
nitrogen and phosp@% rus limit growth in Green Hill, Potters, Trustom,
Cards and Maschaug.

Section 310.3, page 32, B.4. Second sentence. Amend as follows:

These calculations (see Table 3-3) indicate that residential development
accounts for more than 80 percent of the total nitrogen loadings to
Winnapaug and Point Judith Ponds and more than 70 percent of t @11@ tal
nitrogen loadings to Potter, Green Hill, and Quonochontaug Ponds.

Table 3-3, page 33. Add the following to the top of the table:

Residential
Watershed Use Agricultural Use Precipitation

Maschaug 8,787 (93%-) 241 (2*) 5,213 (24!k)
Winnapaug 43,346 (86W) 2,516 (5%-) 4,312 (9%-)
Quonochontaug 15,449 (70*) 1,000 (5%-) 433 (5t)

Table 3-4, page 36. Add the following to the top of the table:

Houses Projected Increase
Watershe!ft Houses in 1980 at Saturation Factor

Maschaug 260 521 2.0
Winnapaug 1,509 3,526 2.3
Quonochontaug 625 1,999 3.2
Ninigret 1,228 4,816 3.9

Total Region 7,910 23,005 2.9

Table 3-5, page 37. Add to the table:

Sourc!1 Maschaug Pon Winnaipaug Pon Quonochontauct Pon

Residential
Septic 8,596 58,179 28,995
Lawns 8,619 41,196 22,032
Pets 704 4,964 2,478

Total 17,919 104,339 53,505

Agricultural
Fertilizers 0 0 0

Precipitation 433 4,312 5,213

Total Loading 18,352 108,381 58,718

Section 320, page 42. Add a map of land use classification for water
quality protection in the watersheds of Maschaug, Winnapaug and
Quonochontaug Ponds (see attached Figure 3-7A).

Figure 3-10, pag e 47. Add a map indicating direct discharges of
stormwater runoff from roads and highways to Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and
Maschaug Ponds (see attached Figure 3-10B).

Section 320.1: (Effective February 13, 1990)

An Area located in the Watch Hill USGS Quadrangle in Westerly, Rhode
Island; bounded to the north by Shore Road, to the west by Weekapaug
Road, known as Assessors Plats 132, 143, Lots 89, 89A through N. This
area is currently subject to the Land Use Classification for water
Ouality Protection designation of "Lands Already Developed Beyond
Carrying Capacity"; the revision is to redesignate this area as "Lands
of Critical Concernil.

Section 320.1.A.2.a & b (Effective November 28, 1989)

a) In order to be in conformance with this plan, subdivisions (as defined in
Section 320 of the Coastal Resources Management Plan) shall not exceed a.
density of I residential unit per 80,000 square feet. For the purposes
of this section, the allowable number of units in conformance with this
standard shall be calculated on the basis of available land suitable for
development. Land suitable for development shall be defined as the net
total acreage of the parcel, lot or tract remaining after exclusion of
the areas containing, or on which occur the following protected
resources: Coastal features as defined within Chapter 46-23 GLRI and/or
the Coastal Resources Management Program Section 210; freshwater wetlands
as defined in Chapter 2-1 GLRI, and/or any rules or regulations of the
Department of Environmental Management, as promulgated thereunder. The
division of a tract, lot or parcel not subject to municipal regulation
under the provision of Chapter 45-23-1, for the reasons set forth
therein, shall remain subject to the jurisdiction of the requirements of
Chapter 46-23, the CRMP and this section.

b) Cluster development is recommended as a means to preserve open space,
aesthetic qualities, and agricultural lands, reduce the costs of
development, and minimize the environmental impacts of development. For
CRMC purposes, the number of units in a cluster shall be calculated on
the basis of developable land within the subdivision in accordance with
all local ordinances, and as defined in (a) above. Lands included within
statutory setbacks from freshwater wetlands as defined in Chapter 2-1
GLRI or any rules and regulations of the Department of Environmental
Management, as promulgated thereunder, and lands to be developed as
streets and roads shall also be excluded from the calculated acreage of
developable land. The density of the cluster development shall not
exceed the standard established in (a) above.

Section 320.1.B.3.: (Effective June 21, 1987)

The definition and regulations pertaining to areas of critical concern
apply to those properties platted after the adoption date of this plan.
Alterations, to coastal features or within 200 feet of a coastal feature
on properties platted prior to the adoption of this plan will, where
possible, conform to the regulations of this section.

In cases where, due to the size or configuration of a lot that was
platted prior to the adoption of this plan it is not possible to provide
a 200 foot buffer, then the determination of the boundaries of a buffer
zone must balance the property owner's rights to enjoy their property
with Council's responsibility to preserve, and where possible, restore
ecological systems. Recommended buffer zone shall be established
according to the environmental values and sensitivities of the site as
assessed by the Council's staff engineers and biologists.

Section 320.2.B Denitrification of Domestic Sewage (adopted 7-13-93)

Delete Section 320.2.B.1

Add new Section 320.2.B.1 as follows: 1. Definitions. Nitrogen
reducing individual sewage disposal systems (ISDSs) are defined as any
system which removed nitrogenous waste through incineration, composting,
or deni trif i cation. A nitrogen reduction ISDS which removes nitrogenous
waste through incineration or composting is defined as any system which
removes the black water component of the system. A denitrification ISDS
is defined as any system which removes at least SO* of the total nitrogen
loadings as measured on an average annual basis at a point which is at
the outlet septic tank. The RIDEM shall be the agency which determines
whether any proposed nitrogen reducing ISDS satisfies these requirements.

Delete Section 320.2.B.2

Add new Section 320.2.B.2 as follows: 2. Management Policies and
Regulations

(a) in order'to reduce nitrogen loadings to ground water and improve the
water quality and to mitigate future water quality impacts to the Salt
Ponds, the Council shall. require all new structures and structures
undergoing significant alterations located in the areas defined in figure
3-11 (areas adjacent to Green Hill Pond and the eastern part of Ninigret
Pond), to install a nitrogen reducing ISDS in accordance with all
applicable standards and requirements of the RIDEM and the CRMC.

(b) The Council may also require the installation of a nitrogen reducing
ISDS in any area mapped as a Lands of Critical Concern (Section 320.1.B)
Lands Already Developed Above Carrying Capacity (Section 320.1.C)., and
Undeveloped Lands Zoned for High Density (Section 320.1.D) if a nitrogen
reducing ISDS has been required by the RIDEM or a local municipality. In
addition, the Council may require the installation of a nitrogen reducing
ISDS in any of there areas in order to mitigate future water quality
impacts if their is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the
cumulative impacts of this pollutant will lead to further water quality
degradation in the Salt Ponds.

Section 320.2.F, page 49. Add the following:

4. Quonochontaug Pond. Every effort should be made to deflect an
offshore oil spill from the breachway of the pond, and toward the

ocean beaches. The fast currents in the breachway and the boulders off
the mouth make it a dif f icult place to deploy booms. If oil cannot be
kept out of the breachway, containment booms and mops may be deployed in
the dogleg of the breach or where the breachway empties into the pond and
currents start to dissipate. Oil should be deflected toward the tidal
creeks in nearby salt marshes instead of being allowed to spread
throughout the pond. Launching facilities for small boats and access for
heavy equipment are available on the eastern side of the breachway.

5. Winnaipaug Pond. Every effort should be made to deflect an offshore
oil spill from the breachway of the pond, and toward the ocean
beaches. The fast currents in the breachway (4 knots) make it a
difficult place to deploy booms for containment and cleanup. if Oil
cannot be kept out of the breachway, efforts should be made to use
booms or barriers to protect the large salt marsh along the pond's
southern shoreline and to prevent the oil from spreading westward into
the large basin of the pond.

CHAPTER FOUR. BREACHWAYS, EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION

Section 420. p. 66. Add the following:

420.3 Breachways and Dredging in Trustom, Cards and Maschaug Ponds.

C. It is compatible with this plan to manage the pond level and to
remove excess stormwater from Maschaug Pond in a manner which does
not threaten the stability of the beach.

420.4 Breachways and Dredging in Quonochontaug Pond.

A. Dredging should be limited to habitat restoration and enhancement.

B. Dredging a sediment catch basin on the northern end of the
breachway may become necessary to halt the flow of sand into the
pond for habitat improvement. Dredging projects may be undertaken
only after an evaluation of the impacts has been made by a
competent coastal geologist and it is demonstrated that the
project conforms to the objectives of this plan.

C. Dredged sand shall be used to nourish Quonochontaug barrier beach
and shall be placed on the beach according to the configuration
shown in Figure 4-4.

420.5 Breachways and Dredging in Winnapaug Pond.

A. A narrow channel may be maintained as the main channel from the
northern end of the breachway through the terminal lobe of the
flood tidal delta. Natural sedimentation processes f,@ould be
allowed to continue elsewhere on the tidal delta . Other
channels should not be opened which would increase sedimentation
inside the pond.

B. Dredging in'the pond basin shall be limited to habitat improvement
and restoration. Sand may be dredged from storm Burge platforms
and used f or beach nourishment. Dredged sand must be placed.on
the beach face in conformance with Figure 4-4.

C. Dredging projects may be undertaken only after an evaluation of
the impacts has been made by a competent coastal geologist and it
is demonstrated that the project conforms to the objectives of
this plan.

420.6 Beach Restoration

A. Mechanical removal or redistribution of sand from the intertidal
zone of the beach to increase the profile of the beach scarp or to
construct artificial dunes is prohibited. Such practices
destabilize the beach, increase erosion along the beach and
eventually increase sedimentation in the ponds.

B. Sand used for beach nourishment projects shall be placed on the
beach in conformance with Figure 4-4 and in consultation with a
competent coastal geologist.

CHAPTER FIVE, FISH AND FISHERIES

No amendmentsare proposed.

CHAPTER SIX. STORM HAZARDS

Section 610.1,C, page 84. Second sentence. Change all three of the
region's towns to all four of the region's towns.

Section 610.2.A, page 84. Change 2,000 houses and 6,000 residents to
3,200 houses and .9,600 residents.

Figure 6.1, page 85. Add Figure 6-2. Zones of severe flood hazard as
designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for Quonochontaug,
Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds (see attached Figure 6-2).

Section 610, page 88. Add the following:

610.6. Findings of Fact for Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds

1. Due to the low elevation of the land around these ponds, the sand
starved, erosional nature of the coastline and the dense development
of both residential and commercial structures on the land surrounding
these two ponds, they are particularly vulnerable to coastal
f looding. Recently updated FEKA flood maps clearly 6show how
extensive the highest hazard flood zones are. (Figure 6-2)

2. Of the many hurricanes that have hit Rhode Island's coast,
comparative damage estimates were made for only the two most recent
major ones and in each case, the Misquamicut/Winnapaug area sustained

heavy damages,' more than anywhere else along the south shore. Many
lives were lost and property damages were excessive in the hurricane
of 1938. The area was rebuilt and destroyed again in 1954 during
Hurricane Carol. In less than half an hour's time, t@e storm-surge
reduced 200 cottages, inns and businesses to rubble. Although no
lives were lost, property damage was estimated to have been several
million. Damages were increased by high contents of sewage and
petroleum in flood waters.

3. Natural and man-made debris will be a serious problem in the next
hurricane. During the hurricanes of 1938 and 1954, pieces of houses
which had been on the barrier and on the Misquamicut headland, were
washed across the ponds or swept through neighborhoods and acted as
battering rams on houses which would have otherwise stayed intact.
Much of the wreckage from Misquamicut was swept by flood waters
across a mile of f ield and deposited at the base of Shore Road. it
took weeks f or emergency crews to haul away the rubble. Ir@ 1938
fallen trees delayed access to the shore after the storm. On
Atlantic Avenue, where sand swept from the beaches piled on the road
burying the cars, cleanup crews worked for days with heavy machinery
to make the road suitable for public access.

4. Cleanup after the next major hurricane will be a much more costly
operation than it was in the past. Development has more than doubled
since 1954 in the flood hazard zones.around these ponds. Much of the
new construction is on the barrier beach. When the structures are
broken and hurled along by storm waves, they batter structures
further inland. This includes so-called "breakaway walls" which have
been shown to cause damage to other structures during severe storms,
including winter storms and hurricanes. More public utilities have
been built in high flood danger zones in recent years adding greatly
to the cost of reconstruction. In addition to roads and power lines,
there are now water mains, cable TV lines and phone lines that cross
the barrier in places where surge channels broke through in past
hurricanes.

5. Construction along the shore in weekapaug and Misquamicut is more
vulnerable than before to erosion. The Misquamicut headland and
western end of the barrier8 have been eroding at an average rate of 2
feet per year since 194 0 , and the structures in these areas are
therefore more vulnerable to the extreme erosion that accompanies a
hurricane. During the hurricane of 1938 the high cliff at watch Hill
receded some 35 feet and 1the large dunes at weekapaug receded 50 feet
all within a few hours. With the exception of the eastern end of
the barrier, most of the shore and the barrier spit are much lower
than the predicted wave heights of another hurricane the magnitude of
1938 or Hurricane Carol, and so provide little protection to
communities on Misquamicut or around the pond shore. The height of
the dune crest by little Maschaug Pond is only 8 feet mean sea level.
The hurricane storm surge is predicted to be 15 to 18 feet above mean
sea level along the Misquamicut headland and Atlantic Avenue.

6. As in the past the next hurricane can be expected to bring major
changes to the pond. Sand will be washed over the barrier into the
pond, old breachways may close and new ones form. Surge channels
will cut through the beach and the inlet that formed cutting through
MisquaTicut Beach in the last two hurricanes can be expected to do so
again. Hurricane -driven waves and currents are major forces for
carrying sediment and creating shoals farther in the ponds.

610.7. Findings of Fact for Quonochontaug Pond

1. Quonochontaug Pond is separated from the waters of Block Island Sound
by a barrier spit stretching between the headlands of Weekapaug Pond
and Quonochontaug Neck. The pond and the low lands around it are
6--
very susceptible to coastal flooding (Figure 6-2).

2. There has been a long history of damage to lives and property due to
coastal flooding from hurricanes. In the hurricane of 1938 and again
in 1954 substantial houses, roads, and power lines were demolished as
the storm surge swept across the barrier and headlands, depositing
tons of debris in the fields along the northern shore of the pond.
In 1938 and again in 1954 approximately a million dollars of damage
was done to constfuction in the high hazard zones around this pond.
(See Figure 6-2) .

3. In recognition of the importance of a healthy barrier, a civic group
of private citizens have purchased the barrier, have restricted
development, and are actively managing it to promote rebuilding of
the dunes. Still, the barrier is sand starved and susceptible to
future storm damage. In the years since 1930, the west end of the
barrigr has been eroding at an average rate of about two feet per
year. Predicted flood heights for a hurricane like 1938 Hurricane
Carol exceed the height of existing dunes. Dune heights on the
western end of the barrier range from 8.9 to 17.3 feet above mean sea
level; and 22 feet on the west end; yet hurricane flood heights are
expected to reach 15 to 18 feet above mean sea le@ei on the east end
and 23 feet above mean sea level on the west end.

Section 620.1. p. 89. Construction Standards in Flood Zones.

Amend regulation No. 8 for construction in V Zones to read as follows:

8. The space below the lowest floor and between pilings shall be kept
free of obstruction. Break away walls are prohibited in V Zones. The
space below the lowest floor shall not be used for human habitation,
utility items or permanent storage.

Section 620.2.B, p. 91. Add:

New inlet channels cut across the beach to Quonochontaug, Winnapaug or
Maschaug Ponds may be immediately filled in with sand or gravel by the
local municipality.

Section 620.2.D, p. 91. Add: and Miscruamicut State Beach.

CHAPTER SEVEN. INTENSIFYING USE

No amendments are proposed.
Page 109 REFERENCES

47. Biweekly bacteria data for the salt ponds, .1985-1986. Pond Watcher
report to the CRMC and DEM.

48. Collins, C. 1985. A water quality element for the extension of the
Salt Pond Special Area Management Plan to Quonochontaug, Winnapaug,
and Maschaug Ponds. M.S. Thesis. Geography and Marine Affairs, URI,
Kingston, R.I. 53 pp.

Page 110

17. Boothroyd, J.C., Dacy, M. Rosenberg, M. 1985. A geological survey of
sedimentation in Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds. Report
to CRMC and the town of Westerly. Geology Dept., URI.

Page 112. 6. line 2.

Maps for the towns of Charlestown, South Kingstown, Narragansett and
Westerly.

/jmm

Figure 1-2 A. The Western portion of the Salt Pond Region. For administrative
purposes, the boundaries of the Salt Pond Region follow the
roadways that most closely correspond to the watershed boundaries
of the salt ponds. The region is bounded on the south by Block
Island Sound, on the north by Rte. 1 and Rte. 1A, on the east by
East Beach Road, and on the west by Montego Road.

Figure 1-1. The increase of residential development within the salt pond
watersheds south of Route 1.

Figure 2.1. Land use in the salt pond region. A large proportion of the
watersheds is in private ownership and is an yet undeveloped.

Figure 3-1 B. Watershed boundary for Quonochontaug, Winnapaug and Maschaug Ponds.
Groundwater flows south from the dashed lines to the salt ponds
where it surfaces and mixes with the Bea water in ponds.

Figure 3-7 A. Land use classification for water quality protection in the towns
of Westerly and Charlestwom.

Figure 3-10 B. Direct Discharges of Stormwater Runoff from Roads and Highways in
the Salt Pond Region.

Figure 6-2 Zones of Severe Flood Hazard. Adopted from Federal Emergency
Management Agency Maps. Prepared for the Region in 1984.

Staft AWPOil

.1A

its

MILE

Asemm
undev. Zoned
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Figure 3-7 A. Land use classification for water quality protection In the Towrm of West
Charlestown.

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100,

MILE

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Figure 3-1B. Watershed boundary for Quanochontaug, Winnapsug and Manchaug Ponds. Groun
south from the dashed lines to the salt ponds where It surfaces and mixes
sea water In ponds.

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CT RI
IA

a
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Figure 6-2. Zones of Severe Flood Hazard. Adopted from Federal Emergency Hanagement Agency
Prepared for the Region in 1984.

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Figure 3-10 B. Direct Discharges of Stormwater Runoff From Roads and Highways in the Sa

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