[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]












                               A Survey of
                          Lakeplain Prairie
                               in Michigan

                                                                             w:""
                                    prepared by


                        Patrick J. Comer, Associate Ecologist
                     William A. MacKinnon, Wetlands Specialist
                              Mary L. Rabe, Zoologist
                        David L. Cuthrell, Assistant Zoologist
                            Michael R. Penskar, Botanist                                                   -V
                                                                                                        x
                             Dennis A. Albert, Ecologist
                                                                                                          "A@


                        Michigan Natural Features Inventory
                        Box 30444 5th Floor Mason Building                                      1;0                11
                           Lansing, Michigan 48909-7944

                                        for


                            Coastal Management Program
                        Land and Water Management Division
                     Michigan Department of Natural Resources
                                 Lansing, Michigan                                                                        J

                              (CZM Project 94D-0.04)


                             Submitted January, 1995


















































                                      A report to the N&higan Department of Natural Resources
                                                      puiruent to an award by the
                                          National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                     under authority of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act
                                                                   rV










                                                                                                            Table of Contents


                                LIST OF FIGURES                       ............................................................................................................................................                 iv


                                LIST OF TABLES                     .................   ..............................................................................................................................              v
                                ABSTRACT                 .........................................................................................................................................................                 A

                                INTRODUCTION                       ...................................... . ........................................................................................................               1

                                TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ON MCHIGAN'S GLACIAL LAKEPLAIN                                                  .......................................................................................          I
                                GLACIAL LAKEPLAiN AND NATURAL PROCESSES MAINTAINING PRAmms                                                               ..................................................................        2
                                FORMAT OF REPORT                   ................................................................................................................................................                7

                                METHODS               ...........................................................................................................................................................                  9
               ij               INVENTORY AND FIELD SAMPLING                              ............................................................................................................................             9
                                DATAANALysis                   ..........................................................................................................................                                          10
                                    Floristic Assessment Program                        ..................................................................................................                                         10
                                    Classification of Lakeplain Prairie Sub-Types                                 ..........................................................      - ***'**'*"*'*'*****     ..................      10
                                         Cluster Analysis          ............................................................................................................................................................    10
                                         TWINSPAN              ..................................................................................................................................................................  11
                                         DECORANA              ................................................................................................................................................................    12

                                RESULTS AND DISCUSSION                                   ..........................................................................................................................                13

                                LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE LANDSCAPE                            ............................................................................................................................                13
                                CURRENT STATUS OF LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE                                   ..............................................................................................................               15
                                LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE HYDROLOGY AND VEGETATIVE ZONES                                                   ....................................................................................            27
                                CLASSIFICATION OF LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE SUB-TYPES                                          ...............................................................................................             29
                                         Cluster Analysis          .............................................................................................................................................................   31
                                         TIVWSPAN              ..................................................................................................................................................................  33
                                         DECORANA              ................................................................................................................................................................    35

                                SPECIAL PLANT SURVEYS                                   ...........................................................................................................................                41

                                METHODS          .............................................................................................................................................................                     41
                                RESULTS AND DISCUSSION                      .....................................................................................................................................                  42
                                    Overview of Floristic Relationships                           ..................................................................................................................               45

                                ANIM[AL SURVEYS                       ...........................................................................................................................................                  47

                                METHODS          .............................................................................................................................................................                     47
                                    Insect Surveys             ..................................................................................................................................................                  47
                                    Other Animal Surveys                    .....................................................................................................................................                  49
                                RESULTS AND DISCUSSION                      ......................................................................................................................................                 49
                                    Insect Surveys             ..................................................................................................................................................                  49
                                    Other Animal Surveys                    .....................................................................................................................................                  51

                                LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE CONSERVATION RECONEVIENDATIONS,                                                                             ...........................................................          53

                                LAND AcQuismoN                     ...............................................................................................................................................                 53
                                MANAGING PUBLICLY-OWNED PRAIRIES                                    ................................................................................................................               54
                                PRAIRIE RESTORATION                   ..........................................................................................................................................                   54
                                EDUCATION           .......................................                                                                                                                                        56

                                SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS                                          ..................................................................................................................                57


                                ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                                   ...............................................................................................................................                 59












               LITERATURE CITED     ................................................. . ................................................................................... 59


               APPENDIX I LAIKEPLAIN PRAIRIE SITE SUMMARIES           .......................................................................... 65


               APPENDIX H DATA ANALYSES        ................................................................................................................... 160


               APPENDIX III ELEMENT RANKING CRITERIA          ....................................................................................... 166


               APPENDIX IV PLANT LISTS AND FLORISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED LAIKEPLAIN
               PRAIRIES  ................................... . ............. . ........................................ oo ..................o........... oo ...... . .oo- .......o ..... 171


               APPENDIX V SELECTED RARE PLANT ABSTRACTS            .............................. oo.o ... . ......o ............o.......... oo  ..... 187


               APPENDIX VI LOCATIONS OF INSECT SURVEYS          ......... o.oo.o  ....... io-oo ..............  ......................o................ 206


               APPENDIX VI LOCATIONS OF KING RAIL SURVEYS          ....................................  ....................................... 210


               APPENDIX V1111 INSECT SPECIES RECORDED FROM COASTAL LAIKEPLAIN PRAIRIE....              ....... 00  .... 214


               APPENDIX IX INSECT SPECIES RECORDED FROM INLAND LAEEPLAIN PRAIRIES                  ..................... 222


               APPENDIX X POTENTIAL LAEEPLAIN PRAIRIE SITES           ...... oo ........................... o..o  .........- .......o........... o228





                                                       List of Figures

               ]FIGURE 1: DmmunoN OF LAIKEPLAIN PRAIRIES IN MCHIGAN IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY    .......................... 3

               FIGURE 2: DISTRIBUTION OF CLAY AND SAND LAKEPLAiN IN LOWER MicnIGAN . .................................................. 4

               FIGURE 3: MOSAIC OF VEGETATION ALONG THE SAGINAW BAY SHORELINE AT FISH POINT As DESCRIBED BY
                    LAND SURVEYORS IN 1822 AND 1834  .............................................................................................................. 6


               FIGURE 4: CROSS-SECTION OF GREAT LAKES SHORELINE LANDSCAPE AT THOMAS ROAD PRAIRIE, TUSCOLA
                    COUNTY . ..................................................................................................................................................... 14


               FIGURE 5: PRESETTLEM[ENT VEGETATION A" EXTANT LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIES ON SAGINAW BAY   ......................... 21

               FIGURE 6: PREsETTLEmENT VEGETATION AND EXTANT LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIES ON MCHIGAN'S ST. CLAIR RIVER
                    DELTA . .....................o .................................................................................................................................. 23


               ]FIGURE 7: PREsETTLEmENT VEGETATION AND EXTANT LAiKEPLAiN PRAIRIES IN SOUTHWEST WAYNE COUNTY.. 25

               FIGURE 8: WELL LOCATION AND SOIL STRATIGRAPHY ALONG A TRANsEcr AT ALGoNAc STATE PARK    ............... 27

               FIGURE 9: ELEVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONS OF LAICEPLAIN PRAIRIE ll@l SUMPTER TOWNSHIP, WAYNE COUNTY
                    DEPICTING WATER LEVEL FLUCUATIONS, VEGETATIVE zoNEs, AND RARE PLANT HABITATS . ....................... 30










                                                               iv













                                                          List of Tables


                TABLE 1: COMIPARISON OF CALCULATED PRESETTLEMENT VS. CURRENT ACREAGES OF LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE IN

                     MICHIGAN COUNTIES.   ................................................................................................................................. 16

                TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF S12Z, LOCATION, AND OWNERSHIP OF KNOWN LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE REMNANTS IN

                     MICHIGAN  .................................. . .............................................................................................................. 18

                TABLE 3 : ]FLORISTIC ASSESSMENT OF LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE SITES ORDERED BY COMEBINED WETNESS

                     COEFFICIENTS FOR PLANT SPECIES PRESENT  ................................................................................................ 32

                TABLE 4: PRIMARY DIVISION OF LAKEPLAw PRAIRIES IN CLUSTER ANALYSIS  ...................................................... 33

                TABLE 5: SPECIES WITH EXTREME HIGH AND LOW VALUES ON THE FIRST DECORANA Axm       ............................ 35

                TABLE 6: MICHIGAN LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE SUB-TYPES, OCCURRENCE RANKS, AND LOCATION&     ........................... 37

                TABLE 7: RARE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE IN MICHIGAN . ...................... 43

                TABLE 8: RARE ANIMAL SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH LAKEPLAiN PRAIRIE IN MICHIGAN . ..................................... 49











                                                                    Abstract


                          This report presents the results of a year-long project to inventory and characterize tallgrass prairie on
                 Michigan's glacial lakeplain. The study was funded by the Cmstal Management Program of the Land and Water
                 Management Division and the Wildlffe Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Data collected
                 with support from the E.P.A. Great Lakes Program Office was utilized in a portion of this report. Lakeplain
                 prairies are globally imperiled natural communities found in the Great Lakes states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana,
                 Michigan, and Ohio; and in southern Ontario, Canada. In Michigan, lakeplain prairies are found in three regions:
                 the southeast counties along Lake Erie, the Detroit River, and Lake St Clair, the Saginaw Bay shoreline; and in
                 Berrien and Allegan counties in the southwest. Less than one percent of historical lakeplain prairie acreage
                 remains in Michigan. As with elsewhere in the Great Lakes region, prairies were drained and converted for
                 agricultural production beginning early in the nineteenth century. Although a number of these areas were later
                 abandoned and partially reverted to the natural condition, more recent concentrations of urban development have
                 all but eliminated these systems from Michigan's landscape. A total of 50 lakeplain prairie remnants were located
                 in Michigan, ranging from 2-200 acres in size. The largest concentrations of prairie remnants are in southwest
                 Wayne County, in and around the St Clair River delta, and along the Saginaw Bay shoreline in Tuscola County.
                          Analysis of vegetation data taken in Michigan's prairie remnants indicated a clear moisture gradient and
                 resulted in our subdivision of lakeplain prairies into wet wet-mesic, and mesic subtypes. Rare plant and animal
                 surveys in lakeplain prairie remnants resulted in many new occurrences and an increased understanding of the

                 common insect fauna.
                          The conservation of lakeplain prairie remnants should include land acquisition, prairie restoration and
                 management, and public education and involvement. Prairie remnants in Wayne County are of highest priority for
                 land acquisition due to the extreme land-use pressures they curTrendy face. There are many opportunities to
                 restore lakeplain prairie remnants through the re-establishment of natural hydrology and prescribed burning. Sites
                 including restorable prairie remnants should be utilized when planning long-term watershed management
                 strategies, and considered when locating potential wetland mitigation projects. Education of the public about
                 lakeplain prairies, and other threatened components of Michigan's natural heritage, should raise awareness and
                 stimulate involvement in land use planning ussues. It is critical for the conservation community in Michigan to
                 take immediate action to conserve our lakeplain prairies before the few remaining opportunities are lost.












                                                                          vi











                                                                  Introduction


                           Tallgrass prairies formed a significant part of the natural landscape in southern Lower Michigan
                  when European-American settlers arrived in the late eighteenth century. Numerous, accounts of early
                  Michigan settlers describe a mosaic of prairie and "oak openings" that made up much of their natural
                  surroundings (Chapman 1984). Early land surveyors made repeated reference to the extensive "open, wet
                  prairie" as the political boundaries of Monroe and Wayne counties were being established. Unfortunately,
                  given the relative ease of establishing homesteads in most open grasslands, nearly all of Michigan's prairies
                  were converted for agriculture. Rich upland prairies were the first to fall to plow in the early 1800s. The
                  conversion of wet prairies required extensive drainage systems, but also yielded productive agri          cultural
                  land. That conversion took place in the mid- 1 800s.
                           The decline of these natural ecosystems has had a significant negative impact on a host of
                  associated native plant and animal species. Ever-increasing land-use pressures in southern Michigan now
                  threaten to eliminate the last viable examples of Michigan's prairies. It is therefore critical that we identify
                  and protect prairie remnants. Scientific study of these remnants will help us to conserve - and perhaps
                  partially restore - this unique component of our natural heritage.


                  Tallgrass Prairie on Michigan's Glacial Lakeplain

                           Tallgrass prairie in Michigan is considered to be at the northeastern extreme of Transeau's wen
                  known "Pr.-drie PeninsuW'(1935). This "peninsula"was described as an eastward extension of the prairie
                  bionie winch stretched through Illinois to western Indiana, and included scattered prairie pockets in
                  southern Lower Michigan and western Ohio. This prairie extension is considered to be the result of
                  relatively dry post-glacial climate, known as the hypsithermal period, which allowed prairie and savanna
                  associated species to colonize fin-ther to the east than they had been previously. More recent studies by
                  Hayes (1964), Brewer (1969), and others has greatly increased our awareness of the historical extent of
                  prairie in Michigan.
                           Michigan's native tallgrass prairies vary considerably in their species composition due to local
                  differences in climate, soils, topographic position, and phytogeographic effects (Chapman 1984). In recent
                  years researchers have focused on Michigan's prairies using historical accounts and known remnants
                  (Hayes 1964; Thompson 1975; Chapman 1984). These studies, as well as recent field surveys of the
                  Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) (Chapman & Crispin 1982), indicate that prairies occurring





                                                                          I










                on Michigan's glacial lakeplains may be floristically distinguishable from those occurring finther inland.
                The intent of this project was to inventory and characterize Michigan's lakeplain prairie remnants.
                        Tallgrass prairie located on glacial lakeplain has been described for the Chicago region Mansen
                1981), northwest Ohio (Easterly 1979; Brewer 1994), and in southern Ontario (Rogers 1966; Reznicek &
                Maycock 1982; Bakowsky & Riley 1992). These latter studies have greatly expanded the range of the
                "prairie peninsula" to the northeast of Michigan and provide a more accurate description of the historical
                range of this prairie type.
                        More recent work in Michigan (Comer et al. 1993) provides the most detailed delineation thus far
                of the historical location and extent of lakeplain prairie. Using the transcribed field notes of the original
                land surveys of Michigan conducted by the General Land Office (1816-1856), a detailed digital map was
                produced for portions of Lower Michigan that historically included lakeplain prairie. From these maps, it
                was estimated that Michigan contained a total of 158,000 acres of lakeplain prairie in the early 1800s.
                These prairies were found in three regions of Lower Michigan lakeplain: the southeast region associated
                with Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, and Lake Erie; the Saginaw Bay watershed, and the southwest
                region in Allegan and Berrien counties. Figure I indicates the relative abundance of lakeplain prairie
                historically associated with each county in Lower Michigan. Over 80% of historical lakeplain prairie
                acreage was found in the southeast region, especially in the counties of Monroe, Wayne, and St. Clair. The
                Saginaw Bay region included about 18%, primarily in Bay and Tuscola counties. Less than 1% of
                historical lakeplain prairie acreage was located in the southwest region of Lower Michigan.


                Glacial Lakeplain and Natural Processes Maintaining Prairies
                        Michigan's glacial lakeplains were formed by sediments of pro-glacial lakes. These lakes formed
                at the margins of melting glaciers from the Wisconsin glaciation (Dorr & Eschman 1984) (Fig.2). In
                southeast Lower Michigan glacial lake deposits of clay are up to 100 meters thick over Paleozoic bedrock.
                The lacustrine deposits are thickest at their inland extremes and thinnest along the Lake St Clair and Lake
                Erie shorelines (Albert 1990). Poorly drained mineral soils characterize the clay plain. This clay plain
                extends inland up to 30 miles in southern Lenawee County, and continues around the southwest end of
                Lake Erie into northwestern Ohio. Within the clay lake plain there are several broad sand channels created
                when sand was deposited into the shallow pro-glacial lakes by glacial meltwater streams. These sand
                channels can be several miles wide, but the sand in them is typically only one to three meters thick. A series
                of sandy beach ridges, oriented towards the northeast, are found throughout this lakeplam in Lenawee,
                Monroe, Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties. The soils of the beach ridges are often excessively




                                                                      2









                  drained, whereas those in adjacent swales are poorly or very poorly drained.. A glacial delta with both clay
                  and sand deposits is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River.
                          On Saginaw Bay the flat clay plains extend up to 40 miles inland and are similar in character to
                  those in the southeast region (Albert 1990). Similarly, they contain a thick mantle of clay overlain in
                  places with a two to three meter thick layer of sand. The sand deposits were reworked by wind and wave








                                                                     -J



                                                                                < 1          2
                                                                               12


                                                                                    4      1     15
                                                     < 1                                 3     6

                                                                                  2      39

                                                                                4     56





                  Figure 1: Distribution of lakeplain prairies in Michigan in the eighteenth century (Comer et al. 1993).
                             (thousands of acres)

                  action, creating smaffsand dunes and spits and intervening depressions. A series of narrow beach ridges
                  separated by poorly drained swales of varying width characteristize much of the Saginaw Bay shoreline.





                                                                       3
























                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             . .....................  -'.1 ..........


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ........ ......
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                                                                                                    h@50 MILELm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Drawn from: FARRAND & BELL, 1982


                                                                                                                        Figure 2: Distribution of clay and sand lakeplain in Lower Nfichigan.



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             4








                  Ile lakeplam of southwest Lower Michigan differs somewhat from those of the southeast region and
                  Saginaw Bay, both in aereal extent and sod character (Albert 1990). The sand deposits tend to be much
                  thicker on the lakeplain of Allegan County, with     only a few small areas where clay bands or cemented
                  sands are close to the surface. With this structure, very droughty soil conditions prevail. There are,
                  however, low-'lying areas with very fine, silt-rich sands. nese areas are poorly drained on a seasonl basis.
                  Further south in Berrien County, the sand deposits form a much thinner layer over the clay lake bed.
                           Factors favoring the development and maintenance of prairies on Michigan's lakeplain are many
                  and complex. Hubbard (1888) speculated that the extensive wet prairies of Wayne and Monroe counties
                  were the result of beaver activity prior to their localized extirpation by the fur trade. His view was based
                  on communications with Native Americans and the prevalence of abandoned beaver dams on the flat
                  lakeplain landscape. Dominant fitctors probably include both soil moisture regimes and periodic wildfires.
                  The combination of 1-3 meters of highly permeable sand over clay sets up a characteristic hydrological
                  regime with spring flooding followed by         droughty conditions during the growing season.             Tlus
                  characteristic water level fluctuation is common to nearly all extant examples of Michigan's lakeplain
                  prairies, and is possibly the most significant abiotic process in their establishment and maintenance. Such
                  extreme variation in soil moisture regime is not conducive to the establishment of woody vegetation (Hayes
                  1964; Rogers 1966; Roberts et al. 1977). Figure 3 indicates the configuration of wet prairie, emergent
                  marsh, and dry beach ridges as described by land surveyors along the Saginaw Bay shoreline in the 1820s
                  and 1830s. In this case, not only were there dramatic seasonal fluctuations in water levels, there were also
                  fluctuations associated with Great Lakes water level cycles, The wet prairies occupied the position on the
                  landscape between emergent marsh and adjacent uplands. Along the Saginaw Bay shoreline, the boundary
                  between prairie and marsh was not static; it moved inland and then back across the landscape, depending
                  on the stage of the Great Lakes water level cycle.

                          The combination of the buildup of organic material and droughty conditions during the growing
                  season would leave lakeplain prairies prone to wildfires, also limiting the encroachment of woody
                  vegetation. However, it rernams unclear whether lightning strikes and/or Native American activities would
                  have played significant role in the maintenance of lakeplain prairie (Hayes 1964, Rogers 1966; Faber-
                  Langendoen & Maycock 1987). It is clear, however, that Native Americans utilized dune ridges on the
                  lakeplain for settlements and trails (Jones & Kapp 1972; Comer et al. 1993). As with elsewhere in the
                  state, it is quite likely that fires periodically resulted from this use, spreading to adjacent savanna and
                  grassland. One indication of the significance of fire on the lakeplain is the fact that many of the historical
                  oak savannas located along the beach ridges have succeeded to. closed-canopy oak forest since the 1800s.



                                                                        5






                          M//         Marsh (primarily bulrushes and sedges)
                          F777        Wet prairie (blue joint gross and other prairie grasses)
                                      Oak on beach ridges (pine, hemlock, or
                                      dry prairie)
                                                                                                                                                   SA
                          ==m         Rich forest (beech, sugar maple, basswood, etc.) or
                          P144@0      swamp (tamarack, n.white-cedar, elm, maple, block ash)
                                      Boundary between public and private land










                                                                                                                                                                                              N


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                          Figure 3:         Mosaic Of vegetation along the Saginaw Bay shoreline at Fish Point as described
                                            by land surveyors in 1822 and 1834 (Comer et al.1993).

                                                                                                          6









                  Objectives
                          With a goal to inventory and characterize lakeplam. prairies in Michigan, the specific objectives of
                  this study were to:


                      *   Identify all remaining examples of lakeplain prairie in Michigan.

                      *   Collect data on hydrology, soils, and vegetation in lakeplain prairie remnants.

                      *   Conduct rare plant searches for associated species in each remnant.

                      *   Collect baseline data on associated insects, with an emphasis on rare and habitat restricted groups
                          (Orthoptera, Homoptera, and Hemiptera).

                      *   Document occurrences of lung rad (Rallus elegans) and other rare ammals.

                      *   Analyze data from field visits along with selected historical data sets to refine a classification of
                          lakeplain prairie types in Michigan.

                      *   Provide site maps and recommendations for protection and management of lakeplain prairie
                          remnants.




                  Format of Report
                          This report   first documents the methods used to identify and characterize lakeplain prairie
                  remnants. The results of the inventory will include a discussion of historic vs. current distributions of
                  lakeplain prairies. This will be followed with a description of characteristic hydrology and vegetative
                  zonation, and a classification of lakeplain prairie sub-types. Discussions of plant and animal surveys
                  include methods utilized for their respective sections. Finally, current ownership and protected status of
                  significant lakeplain prairies are discussed in providing recominendations for state-wide conservation
                  priorities. Appendix I includes maps and specific recommendations for the protection and management of
                  each prairie remnant. Appendix H includes figures from statistical analyses of prairie sites. Appendix Ell
                  provides criteria for ranldng prairie occurrences by natural quality. Appendix IV includes plant species
                  lists, wetland coefficients, and natural quality indices for selected lakeplain prairies. Appendix V includes
                  draft abstracts that provide additional information on selected rare plant species. Appendices VI through
                  IX provide summary information related to animal surveys. Appendix X contains maps indicating
                  unconfirmed sites which may contain additional lakeplain prairie remnants in Michigan.








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                         8
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                  Inventory and Field Sampling                     Methods
                          Ile MNFI Biological Conservation Database (BCD) was consulted for known occurrences of
                  lakeplain prairies and rare plant species known from prairie remnants (MNFI 1994). Maps depicting
                  Michigan's landscape as it appeared during the original land surveys in the early 1800s (Comer et al. 1993)
                  were also consulted to establish the historical range of prairies on Michigan's lakeplains. Aerial
                  photography from 1978 (color IR) and 1987-88 (B/W IR) was interpreted for areas historically
                  characterized as either "prairie" or "oak opening." From this initial interpretation, a compilation of sites
                  was established and ranked for a "high," "medium," or "low" probability of containing prairie remnants.
                          Because most potential prairie remnants existed on private lands, county and township plat maps
                  were consulted to compile a list of private landowners associated with each site. Each of approximately
                  500 private landowners associated with 120 sites ranked as "high" and "medium" was sent a letter in early
                  spring of 1994 which informed them of our project and requested access to their property. From these
                  initial mailings, 30% responded. Approximately 75% of the respondents gave us access to their land.
                  Given the many sites with multiple ownerships, this response allowed us to visit portions of 70-80% of the
                  sites targeted for inventory.
                          Spring site visits, conducted in June 1994, confirmed a number of new prairie occurrences. During
                  these and later visits, plant fists were compiled for each site. Time spent compiling lists from each site
                  varied, depending on the site's relative size and complexity. In a number of sites containing several clear
                  vegetative zones, multiple plant lists were compiled that reflected each zone. Soils were characterized for
                  each site and/or vegetative zone from corings taken with a 10 x 25cin bucket auger. Corings were taken to
                  a depth that included 20cm of silt or clay, or where silt/clay was not encountered, to a depth of 1.5m. Soils
                  were characterized by horizon for their texture, color, and presence of mottling. Depth to saturation was
                  measured for the date of each sample. Sub-soil pH was measured in the field using a Cornell test kit.
                          Later site visits were conducted from July through October. Plant lists were augmented with each
                  visit. Plant lists that had been compiled for previously known sites from the MNFI database were also
                  augmented with each new visit. Our intention was to identify all sites in the spring so that all plant lists
                  would be gathered throughout the growing season. Unfortunately, several prairie remnants were not
                  discovered until later in the growing season. Plant lists for these sites may not have spring ephemeral
                  species adequately represented.





                                                                        9










                         In September 1994, quantitative sampling was conducted at two sites to characterize vegetative
                zonation in relation to landfbnns and soils. Similar sampling had been completed in 1993 at four additional
                prairie remnants for a related project (MNFl in prep). Some of the results from that project have been
                included in this report. At each site, transects of varying length were established perpendicular to the
                orientation beach ridges to sample a representative cross-section of each remnant.         Percent cover was
                estimated for a plant species in a series of one square meter quadrates systematically located within each
                vegetative zone. Soils were cored and described for each vegetative sample point. At five prairies, an
                automatic level was used to measure elevations of each sample point along the transect. Previously
                established transects had wells installed to monitor water level fluctuations over the 1993-1994 growing

                seasons.

                         A master list of rare plant species likely to be encountered in lakeplain prairie remnants was
                developed prior to spring site visits. Each site was searched for these species throughout the growing
                season. At previously known sites, where. known occurrences of rare plants existed, a search was
                conducted to update earlier records.


                Data Analysis


                                                      Floristic Assessment Program



                         Plant lists for all lakephtin prairie remnants were input into the Michigan Floristic Assessment
                program developed by the Michigan Natui-al Heritage Program (Herman et al. in prep.). The program
                utilizes a flora list for the state of Michigan following in part the nomenclature given in Voss (1972, 1985)
                and Gleason and Cronquist (1991). It assigns wetland indicator coefficients, derived in part from Reed
                (1988) and floristic "coefficients of conservatism" to each vascular plant species (Wilhelm & Ladd 1988).

                Cumulative values for each site are then calculated to indicate overall wetland character and native floristic

                quality.


                                            Classification of Lakeplain Prairie Sub-Tyipes



                         Biotic and abiotic characteristics of each lakeplain prairie remnant were utilized to classify prairie
                remnants in relation to each other, and to similar prairies elsewhere in Michigan and southern Ontario.
                Statistical analyses were conducted using vegetative data from Michigan lakeplain prairie remnants.




                                                                      10











                  Cluster Analysis

                           Vegetative relationships among the 40 lakeplain prairie remnants were first examined using a
                  hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis technique. Using overall species lists compiled for each site,
                  vegetative similarities among prairies were calculated using a similarity coefficient that counts only positive
                  species matches between any two sites. In essence, this coefficient represents the proportion of species
                  shared by both locations out of the total number of species that occur at either or both locations. Based on
                  the resulting matrix of similarity coefficients, the prairies were then grouped using Ward!s method (a
                  minimum variance clustering algorithm). In order to reduce problems arising from a sparse data matrix,
                  only species occurring at five or more sites were included in the analysis (reducing the number of species to
                  219 out of a total of 631 species recorded for all sites).


                  TWINSPAN

                           Vegetative similarities and differences between lakeplain prairie remnants were also evaluated
                  using TWINSPAN (Iwo-@Way INdicator SPecies ANalysis), a polythetic divisive method for classification
                  of samples based on the differential occurrence or abundance of one or more indicator species (Fhll 1979b).
                  A key attribute of the analysis is the identification of these differential or "indicator" species, i.e. species
                  with clear ecological preferences, so that the presence of the species can be used to identify particular
                  environmental conditions. The program first ordinates the samples and then uses this ordination to obtain a
                  classification of the species according to their ecological preferences. The two classifications are then
                  presented together in an ordered two-way table that expresses the species relations across a gradient defined
                  by the ordering of the samples. The resulting ordered table is not simply an ordination, rather the together
                  and similar arrangement displays the significant features of the data by grouping similar samples and/or
                  species together.
                           ne dual classification of sampling locations and species proceeds from several steps.
                  TVqNSPAN begins by ordinating the sampling locations based on all species using reciprocal averaging
                  (Hill 1973). The program then identifies differential species that are preferential to one end or the other of
                  this ordination; the samples are then ordinated again based on these differential species to obtain the
                  "refined" ordination. Finally, the refined ordination of sampling locations is subdivided to identify similar
                  groups of samples, and the most strongly preferential species or "indicator species" associated with each

                  subdivision are identified.

                           The preliminary TWINSPAN analysis of 40 lakeplain prairie remnants was based on the
                  presence/absence of species as determined from complete species lists for each site. As for the cluster




                                                                         11










                 analysis, only species occurring at five or more sites were included in the analysis, reducing the number of
                 species to 219 out of a total of 631 recorded species. One problem in attempting to group these prairies
                 based on overall species lists, is that each prairie may contain a broad range of moisture conditions.
                 Possible species' preferences to specific moisture conditions with each site are lost in a site-wide
                 compilation. Accordingly, a subsequent TWINSPAN analysis examined locations with distinctive
                 hydrologic/vegetative zones within several of the prairie remnants. As in the previous TWINSPAN
                 analysis, vegetative similarities were based on the presence/absence of species at the sampling locations,
                 and included only species occurring at five or more locations (reducing the number of species to 57 out of a
                 total of 230).


                 DECORANA

                         The secondary TWINSPAN analysis of lakeplain prairie sub-sites resulted in a number of
                 ambiguities, so possible further dimensionality of these sampling locations was explored using DEtrended
                 KjOrrespondence ANalysis (DECORANA), a form of ordination based on reciprocal averaging (Hill
                 1979a). Reciprocal averaging is an iterative process that begins with a set of species scores and calculates
                 sample scores as the mean score of the species that occur in it. The species scores are then recalculated so
                 that the score of each species is the mean of the scores of the samples in which that species occurs. This
                 process is repeated iteratively until scores stabilize. These are taken to represent the species' and samples'
                 locations along the first axis or dimension. Subsequent axes are similarly derived through iteration
                 following regression on the previous dimension(s) to preclude any linear relationship between these new
                 scores and those on the previous diniension(s). In detrended correspondence analysis, the sample scores are
                 also "detrended" to that they have no systematic relationship what-so-ever to sample scores on previous

                 dimensions.
                         One major advantage of DECORANA is that both sample and species scores are derived in the
                 same space, so that information about species' preferences can be directly used to interpret site (samples)

                 scores and vice-versa.


















                                                                      12











                                                         Results and Discussion


                  Lakeplain Prairie Landscape
                          Analysis of presettlement landscape maps indicate   d that lakeplain prairies varied in size from fewer
                  than ten acres to several thousand acres. These prairies typically occupied large flat expanses that were
                  surrounded by several distinct plant communities, depending on location. For inland portions of the
                  southeast region, especially in Wayne, Monroe, Waslitenaw, and Lenawee counties, extensive wet prairies
                  were found contiguous with oak-domina    ted savannas. The savannas were found either on dry, sandy beach
                  ridges, or on rolling topography with moderate to poorly drained soils (Chapman 1984; Comer et al. 1993).
                  The dry ridges were dominated by black oak Quercus velutina) and white oak (Quercus alba), while those
                  on less well drained soils included bur oak Quercus macrocarpa) and swamp white oak Quercus
                  bicolor). Small, poorly drained depressions dominated by pin oak (Quercus palusftls) were likely
                  scattered among the prairies. Hardwoods such as black ash (Froxinus pennsylvanica), American elm
                  (Umus americana), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides) often formed swamps in lowlands adjacent to the
                  prairies.
                          In the southwest region, relatively small prairies (2-700 acres) were located inland in Allegan and
                  Berrien counties, commonly occurring in a mosaic of shrub swamps, emergent marshes, and/or white oak
                  and white pine (Pinus strobus)-dominated forest and savanna. The small extant prairie at Grand Mere was
                  located along shallow inland lake margins behind high dunes near the Lake Michigan shoreline.
                          Where lakeplain prairies were contiguous with the Great Lakes shoreline (along Saginaw Bay,
                  Lake Erie, and Lake St. Clair (Fig. 1)), they typically formed a vegetative zone between coastal emergent
                  marsh and inland forested swamp. Along the Saginaw Bay shoreline, oak-dominated beach ridges were a
                  common part of the mosaic of coastal plant communities.
                          Figure 4 illustrates a typical cross-section of what can be found today along the Saginaw Bay
                  shoreline in Tuscola County. This particular cross-section includes the Thomas Road prairie. In this case,
                  a narrow, oak-dominated beach ridge is immediately adjacent to open water on. Saginaw Bay. Behind the
                  beach ridge, a mosaic of emergent marsh dominated by broad-leaved cat-tail (Typha latifolia) and shallow,
                  open water grade into wet prairie and wet-mesic prairie. Muskrat lodges are commonly found in the
                  shallow portions of the emergent marsh, whereas ant mounds and crayfish chirrineys: are more common in
                  the adjacent prairie. Wet prairies along Saginaw Bay are typically dominated by blue-joint grass
                  (Calamagrostis canadensis), sedges (Carex shicta and Carex aquatilus), prairie cordgrass (Spartina
                  pectinata), red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), and shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa). Wet-



                                                                        13





















      Saginaw Bay   oak opening cat-tail marsh emergent marsh/open water                               wet Prairie/wet meadow

                                                                      wet prairie/wet-mesic prairie                             mesic prairie




                                                      L'P6A                            /V










                            Figure 4: Cross-section of Great Lakes shoreline landscape at Thomas Road Prairie, Tuscola County.









                 mesic to dry-mesic conditions at the edge of wet swales, or on low beach ridges are typically dominated by
                 tallgrass prairie species such as big bluestem grass (Andropogon gerardh), little bluestem grass
                 (Andropogon scopanus), Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans), and switch grass (Panicum wrgatum). Other
                 characteristic species include blazing star (Liaths spicata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsos mptens), common
                 mountain mint (Pycnanthemum Wrginianum), Ohio goldenrod (Sofidago ohioensis), and Riddell's
                 goldenrod (Solidago ?Iddellff). Some swales between beach ridges are dominated by a mixture of sedges
                 (Carex spp. and Scirpus spp) and wet prairie grasses. Where oaks do not dominate the beach ridges,
                 cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra) are common tree and shrub species.


                 Current Status of Lakeplain Prairie

                         As a natural community, tallgrass prairie on gla   cial lakeplain is globally imperiled (G2) (The
                 Nature Conservancy 1994b). We estimate that less thart one percent of range-wide lakeplain prairie
                 acreage remains from what existed in the early  1800s. The most extensive remnants are found in southern
                 Ontario, the Chicago region, and the Michigan counties of Wayne and St. Clair. Extensive tracts in
                 southern Ontario are limited to Walpole Island and the Windsor 0jibway Prairies (Bakowsky & Riley
                 1992). In the Chicago region, several extensive prairies (totaling 2-3,000 acres) remain at Chiwaukee
                 Prairie along the Minois-Wisconsin border, the Markham Prairie outside of Chicago, and at the Hoosier
                 Prairie within the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (Bowles pers. comm.). The Irwin Prairie is an
                 extensive wet prairielmarsh complex in northwest Ohio, but it is likely that only a few acres of wet-mesic
                 tallgrass prairie remains elsewhere in Lucas County (Cusick pers. comm.).
                         Prior to the start of the project, records from 27 lakeplain prairie remnants were known for
                 Michigan, and recorded in the MNFI database. Prairie remnants were known from all three regions of the
                 state (southeast counties, Saginaw Bay, southwest counties) where they historically occurred. A total of
                 23 new prairie occurrences were identified in 1994, primarily in the southeast counties of Wayne and St.
                 Clair. Table I provides a comparison of current versus historical acreages for Michigan counties.
                 Notwithstanding the new finds, the table reveals that lakeplain prairie has been virtually eliminated from
                 the Michigan landscape. Of the estimated 158,000 acres present in the early 1800s, only 1,068 acres
                 (0.7%) remain with some integrity. While the southeast counties historically contained 80% of state-wide
                 prairie acreage, that region lost the greatest percentage of prairie acreage, when compared with Saginaw
                 Bay and the southwest counties.      Only 0.6% of historical prairie acreage (745 acreas today, out of
                 128,134 acres historically) remains in the southeast region. Similarly, the Saginaw Bay region retains
                 about 0.8% of its historical acreage (227 acreas out of 28,610 acres historically). The southwest counties




                                                                     15










                    of Allegan and Berrien, while they historically conatined less than 1% of the state-wide total, appear to
			  have retained the greatest proportion of their relative share, with 9% remaining (96 acres out of 1,027 acres
			  historically).  The regional differential in prairie loss is probably most closely related to the ease with which
			  a given landscape could have been converted to productive agricultural lands.  Prairies in the southeast
			  counties, such as Wayne and Monroe, were close to rapidly gorwing population centers, and were drained
			  to create some of the most productive agricultural land in the state.  In recent years, additional prairie has
			  
                      Table 1: Comparison of calculated presettlement vs. current acreages of lakeplain prairie in
                                  Michigan counties.


                                                
                                                                                                                                                           

                      County					Presettlement				% of County				Current 				% of County                                                                                                                ... ........... . .
									    (acres)										 (acres)

                       Arenac                              687                          		 <1                          0                             0

                       Bay	                            12,132                         		  4                           104                           <1

                       Genessee                               570                           	<1                          0                             0

                       Huron                                 2,277                          	<1                          44                            <1

                       Saginaw                               2,236                          	<1                          0                             0

                       Tuscola                               10,708                        	 2                           79                            <1
                      Saginaw Bay                            28,610                                                     227
                      Region

                       Lapeer                                1,225                          	<1                          0                             0

                       Lenawee                               4,484                          	1                           0                             0

                       Macomb                                6,540                          	2                           0                             0

                       Monroe                                56,158                         	16                          24                            <1

                       Oakland                               2,955                         	 <1                          0                             0

                       St. Clair                             15,418                        	 3                           269                           <1

                       Washtenaw                             2,010                          <1                          0                             0

                       Wayne                                 39,344                         9                           452                           <1

                       Allegan                                125                           <1                          94                            <1

                       Berrien                                902                           <1                          2                             <1

                      Southeast Region                       128,134                                                    745

                       AHegan                                 125                           <1                          94                            <1

                       Berrien                                902                           <1                          2                             <1

                      Southwest Region                       1,027                                                      96
                      State Total                            157,771          			1                           1          1,%8               1




                                                                                            16









                  been lost to both residential and industrial expansion. Similarly, drainage of the lakeplain in the Saginaw
                  Bay region provided for highly productive farm land. In Allegan County, however, relatively small prairies
                  were located in a landscape of poor, sandy soils. Many farms that had been established in this area were
                  later abandoned, and reverted to the state ownership.
                          Michigan's lakeplain prairie remnants are summarized in Table 2. Detailed site summaries are
                  located in Appendix 1. Where prairie remnants were found in distinct clusters, they are discussed both as
                  individual sites and as parts of a significant cluster on the landscape. Individual prairie remnants range in
                  size from less than one acre up to 200 acres. All have experienced severe degradation through agricultural
                  drainage. In many cases, drains were inadequate for the productive agricultural use of the wettest portions
                  of some prairies, leaving areas for prairie plants to persist. Some of these prairies were grazed and/or
                  hayed. In other cases, secondary prairie established from remnant seed banks following either plowing or
                  sand mining.
                          In the Saginaw Bay region, lakeplain prairie remnants are found only along the southern Saginaw
                  Bay shoreline. Twelve prairie remnants totaling 197 acres are scattered along 30 miles of this shoreline
                  (Fig. 5). Several remnants in this region are found within a complex of characteristic coastal plant
                  communities, such as emergent marsh and upland oak-dominated beach ridges. A number of prairie
                  remnants in the Saginaw Bay region are found on or adjacent to state land. The State Wildlife Areas of
                  Wildfowl Bay, Fish Point, and Quanicassee, as well as the Tobico State Game Area include significant
                  lakeplain prairie remnants. Work on protection and restoration of several prairie remnants in this area is
                  on-going (MNFI in prep.).
                          A highly significant cluster of lakeplain prairie in Michigan is located in portions of the St. Clair
                  River delta, with a cluster of 18 prairie remnants totaling 269 acres (Fig. 6). As with portions of the
                  Saginaw Bay shoreline, several of these remnants are located on state land (Algonac State Park, St. John's
                  Marsh and Recreation Area, and St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area) where conservation and management
                  actions are on-going (MNFI in prep.). Several additional small remnants are contiguous to state lands.
                  Walpole Island, with one of the largest lakeplain prairie occurrences in southern Ontario, is also part of the
                  St. Clair River delta (Bakowsky & Riley 1992).
                          The largest lakeplain prairie remnant in Michigan, at Sibley Road in Brownstown Township,
                  Wayne County, is actually part of a cluster of ten remnants totaling 370 acres (Fig. 7). This represents the
                  most concentrated cluster of lakeplain prairie acreage in the state. Another cluster of five remnants totaling
                  82 acres is located in Wayne County to the west of the Sibley Road complex in Sumpter Township (Fig.7).





                                                                        17











                    Table 2: Summary of size, location, and ownership of known lakeplain prairie remnants in
                                 Michigan.


                                                                                                                                                             .............
                                                                                                              T
                                                      W                                                                          NOW           'Ur

                                .........
                        ... .. ....... I    ..
                                                                                          .......                                                          . ... ..
                                                                                                                                                            . ....... .
                                         .... .......                                      ....
                      Killamy Beach               19            19                      ay      Bay           T15N-R5E           19       state                 I
                      Bangor Road                 29            29         Saginaw Bav          Bay           T14N-R5E           4        private               I
                      Essexville Tank             13            15         Saginaw Bay          Bay           T14N-R5E           15       private               2
                      Farm
                      Knight Road                 30            100        Saginaw Bay          Bay           T14N-R6E           8        private, state        2
                      Coryeon Point               13            13         Saginaw Bay          Bay           T14N-R6E           14       state                 I
                      Bradleyville Road           40            140       1Saginaw Bav          Tuscola       T14N-R7E           11,30    state, private        8
                      Bay Park                    3             5                     Bay       Tuscola       T14N-R7E           I        pnvate                4
                      Thomas Road                 6             16         Saginaw Bay          Tuscola       T15N-R8E           10,14,   state                 1
                                                                                                                                 16
                      Berger Road                 21            78         Saginaw Bay          Tuscola       T15N-R8E           13       state                 I
                      Sebewaing Railroad          9             9.         Saginaw Bay          Tuscola -     T15N-R8E           13       state, private,       3
                                                                          1                     Huron         T15N-R9E           19       railroad
                      Sdbewaing VFW               I I           I I        Saginaw Bay          Huron         T15N-R9E           7 _      state, private        6
                      Geiger Road                 31            66         Saginaw Bay          Huron         T16N-R9E           15,      state, private,       7
                                                                                                                                 21,22    consemorg.
                      Weale Road                  2             8          Saginaw Bay          Huron         T16N-R9E           14       state, private,       5
                                                                                                                                          railroad
                      Regional total              227           509
                      Long Lane Airstrip          10            45         St. Clair Delta      St Clair      T3N-R16E           22,23    private               3
                      Algoriac Borrow             2             10         St. Clair Delta      St Clair      T3N-R16E           27       state                 I
                      Pits
                      Algonac South               24            107        St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T3N-R16E           27,34    state                 I
                      Drain                                               I                                                                                                      I
                      Algonac/Jankow              17            55         St. Clair Delta      St Clair      T3N-R16E           34       state, private        3
                      Rd.
                      Stone Road                  4             4          St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-R16E           4        private               I
                      Field Road                  10            30         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-R16E           4,5,     private               I
                                                                          I                                   T3N-R16E           33
                      Broadbridge and             2             15         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T3N-R16E           15       private               I
                      Marsh Roads
                      Folkert Road                10            10         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-R16E           5        private               3   1
                      Phelps Road                 5             5          St Clair Delta       St. Clair     T3N-R16E           31       private               2
                      St. Jolds Marsh             60            225        St. Clair Delta      St Clair      T3N-R16E           31       state                 I
                                                                          I                                   T2N-R16E           6
                      Middle Channel              5             10         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-Rl6E           7,19     private               I
                      Volkes Rd. SE               5             11         St. Clair Delta      St Clair      T2N-R16E           19,20    state                 I
                      Volkes Rd. NW               25            30         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-Rl6E           19,20    private, state        2
                      Harsens Island              15            15         St Clair Delta       St. Clair     T2N-Rl6E           17       private               I
                      School                                              I
                      La Croix Road               25            25         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-Rl6E           20       private               I?
                      Channel Road                20            20         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-Rl6E           21       private               2?
                      Little Road                 is            15         St. Clair Delta      St. Clair     T2N-R16E           16       private               I
                      Dickinson Island            15            15         St Clair Delta       St. Clair     T2N-R15E           9,12     state                 I
                    I Subregion total         1   269       1   647       1                   1             1                 1         1






                                                                                          18










                          Table 2: continued

                                                                                                                t
                                                                                                                                                                  .............

                               ....... .....


                                                                                                                                                             I.......... . . . . ......
                          Sibley Road                   200        500        Greater Sibley      Wayne         T4S-Rl0E           7,8      private,              20
                                                                                                                                            conserv.org,          0
                                                                            1                                                               state, township
                          Beech-Daly Road               15         80         Greater Sibley      Wayne         T4S-RIOE           18       private               2
                          Telegraph Road                24         24         Greater Sibley      Wayne         T4S-RIOE           5        private               I
                          King Road                     73         300        Greater Sibley      Wayne         T4S-Rl0E           17       private               3
                          West Road                     23         23         Greater Sibley      Wayne         T4S-Rl0E           18,19    private               2
                          Silver Creek                  20         40         Greater Sibley      Wayne         T4S-R9E            I I      private               2
                          Brest Road                    15         15         Greater Sibley      Wayne         T3S-RIOE           19       private               I
                          Subregion total               370        482
                          Sumpter Township              40         100        SE Inland           Wayne         T4S-R8E            27       township,             3
                                                                                                                                            utility. private
                          Lincoln Middle                5          5          SE Inland           Wayne         T4S-R8E            19       private               I
                          School                                            I
                          Sherwood Road                 25         25         SE Inland           Wayne         T4S-R8E            29       private               5
                          Sumpter Borrow                10         30         SE Inland           Wayne         T4S-R8E            31       private               I
                          Pits
                          Rawsonville Road              2          20         SE Inland           Wayne         T4S-R8E            30       private               I
                          Petersburg SGA                9          60         SE Inland           Monroe        T7S-R6E            15,20    state, private        15
                          (Minong Prairie)
                          Stems Road                    15         15         SE Inland           Monroe        T7S-R6E            25       township,             2
                                                                                                                                            private
                          Subregion total               106        255
                          SE Belgon total               745        1,384
                          Goose Lake                    10         43         SW lakeplain        Allegan       T3NR14W            13       state                 I
                          Beaver Meadow                 I I        I I        SW lakeplain        Allegan       T3NR14W            is       state                 I
                          Pipeline Prairie              20         20         SW lakeplain        Allegan       T3NR13W            7        state                 I
                          East
                          36th Street Prairie           28    1    28         SW lakeplain        Allegan       T3NR14W            12       state                 I
                          130th Ave. Prairie            25         25         SW lakeplain        Allegan       T3NR13W            18       state                 I
                          Grand Mere                    2          2          SW lakeplain        Berrien       T5S-Rl9W           29       state                 2
                          SW Region total               96         129
                       1 State-wide total               1068       2022                                       1                 1         1
                          Acreage values      include prairie sites that qualify as MNFI element occurrences. Associated acreage values
                       include prairie occurrence plus degraded areas immediately adjacent to prairie remnants that may be restorable.


                       Unforturtately, current land use pressures in Wayne County place all of these remnants under extreme
                       threat. The highly ftagmented pattern of land ownership finther complicates conservation actions. One ten-
                       acre parcel, owned by the Michigan Nature Association, represents the only currently protected portion of
                       the Sibley Road complex. Two isolated prairies totaling 24 acres are all that remain in Monroe County.
                       One small tract is partially protected and managed within the Petersburg State Game Area, while the other
                       is an unprotected parcel partially owned by Whiteford Township.
                                  In the southwest region of the state, a cluster of small lakeplain prairies totaling 94 acres is found
                       within the Allegan State Game Area. Here, prairies are located within a complex of emergent marsh,
                       seasonal ponds, and oak woodlands. Restoration and monitoring work is on-going at these sites




                                                                                            19




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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                AIE RW
                                                                                                                                                     Lakaplmn Ock Openung                                                                                                   16ER Raw

                                                                                                                                                     N,,"m if"wood

                                                                                                                                                     8,-h. Maple, Oak

                                                                                                                                                     45i,@Whte Birch

                                                                                                                                                     Upland H.W.A
                                                                                                                                             RM/     L-land H-d.W                                                                      SESEVAING, WORT

                                                                                                                                                     [email protected],-h S..M                                                          SEBEWAING RAILROAD

                                                                                                                                                     L.0and H,.J.A                                                                    BERGER ROM

                                                                                                                                                     7-ak
                                                                                                                                                     Slinub 5vmq and Bag                                             THOMAS ROOD
                                                                                                      'ILLARNEY BEC04
                                                                                                                                                     &-t Lake, M-h and E-gant M,,h

                                                                                                                                                     Laleplmn Prwrle

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                                                                                                                                                     Praa- Reumnt
                                                                                                               ////-BANGOR RW                                                                    BAYP4FJ(
                                                                                                                                    IANX FARM (ESSEXVILLEY                     BRAIXYVILLE M
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   X





                                                                                                                                                                                                    PRIOR= Wifflam-m
                                                                      solve   2                                                        Michigan Natural Fefittires Inventory
                                                               Figure 5: Presettlement vegetation and extant lakepWn prairies on Saginaw Bay.




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                               3N,R15

                                                                                           Z4                                                                    BROAD 6PJDGE & MARSH


                                                                 PHELPS RQQ

                                                                                                                                                                 LONG LANE AIR STRIP
                                                                 ST. JOHN'S                 25



                                    HARSIEN'S &AND SCHOOL                                                                                                          ONAC BORROVI PITS
                                            MIDDLE CHANNEL                                                                                                       ALGONAC SOUTH DRAIN
                                                                                            R 16F
                                       DICKINSON ISLAND                                                                                                          ALGONAC JAWOW ROAD


                                                                                                                                                                 STOW ROAD


                                                                                                                                                               fIELD ROAD



                                                                                                                                                         FOLKERT ROAD



                                                                                                                                                LITTLE ROAD


                                                                                                                                            CHANNEL ROAD
                              LAKE ST. CLAJR                                                                                            LACROIX ROAD

                                                                                                                                   VOLKES ROAD N3Y,
                                                                                                                                       kOAD St




                                                                                                                                            LOWLAND HARDWOODS


                                                                                                                                            LAKEPLAIN OAK OPENING


                                                                                                                                            BEECH, MAPLE, OAK


                                                                                                                                            EMERGENT MARSH


                                                                                                                                            LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE


                                                                                                                                            GREAT LAKE$ MARSH


                                                                                                                                            WATER
                                     SOURCE: MICHIGAN NATURAL FEATURES INVENTORY                                                            PRAIRIE REMNANTS
                       Figure 6: Presettlement vegetation and extant lakeplain prairies on Michigan's St. Clair River delta.




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                      24                    1


























                                                                   31




                                                                   X




                                                                                                                                                          BREST ROAD





         SHERWOOD ROAD                                                                                                                                    TELEGRAPH ROAD


   LJNCOLN MIDDLE SCHOOL                                                                                                                                  SILBEY POAD SEC'nON 5


       RAWSOWILE ROAD
                                                                                                                                                          SILBEY ROAD



                                               0              is                                                                                          KING ROAD


                                  1      13 14  31     a                                                                                                  BEECH DALY
                                      SUMPTER BORROW PITS  SUMPTER TOWNSHIP SILVER CRE I                                                                  WEST ROAD

                               LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE

                               LAKEPLAIN OAK OPENING

                               EMERGENT MARSH
                          El   WATER

                               OAK OR BEECH, hWLE FOREST

                               LOWLAND HARDWOOD

                               OAK BARRENS

                               HARDWOOD OR CONIFER SWAMP

                               PRAIRIE REMNANT                               %-----2 mfm                             Source; MICHIGAN NATURAL FEATURES INVENTORY

                          Figure 7: Presettlement vegetation and extant lakeplain prairies in southwest Wayne County.




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                         26
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                  (MNFl in prep.). The two-acre prairie at Grand Mere in Berrien County forms a narrow band along the
                  border of a shallow lake, and is included withim Grand Mere State Park.


                  Lakeplain Prairie Hydrology and Vegetative Zones
                           Lakeplain prairie remnants in Michigan exibit a wide range of soil moisture conditions and
                  vegetative zonation. This is due in part to historical land uses that dramatically modified local system
                  hydrology. It is also due to high natural variability found locally within a given area. Subtle differences in
                  elevation can cause significantly different soil moisture conditions on sand and clay lakeplain. Quantitative
                  data from transects established at lakeplain prairie remnants in Algonac State Park (St. Clair County) and
                  Sumpter Township (Wayne County) provide good illustrations of the interaction between hydrology and
                  vegetation that is characteristic of these ecosystems (Minc 1994).
                          The prairie at Algonac State Park is located in a broad (1/2 mile wide) swale that connects to the
                  St. Clair River to the southeast. It is bordered on the west by a sandy oak-dominated ridge. The deepest
                  portion of the swale includes a county drain. Prior to the installation of the drain, it is likely that prairie
                  vegetation was restricted to the swale's border, with marsh doniina@g deeper portions. Drainage may
                  have resulted in the expansion of prairie throughout a greater portion of the swale than was occupied
                  historically.
                          A transect was established from the oak ridge across the prairie to the drainage ditch. Elevations
                  were measured and eight wells were installed along the transect for monitoring water levels throughout the
                  growing season (Fig. 8).  A difference in elevation just over two meters was measured between the high and

                        180     Well: I         I               I                1               1
                                            2
                        179                                   3
                                        R.

                                                                     4
                        178
                                                                                          6
                    C
                    0
                                                                   S@ @a n                              8
                        177


                        176


                        175
                              0              100              200             300              400              500

                                                                 Distance W


                  Figure 8: Well location and soil stratigra0hy along a transect at Algonac State Park
                            (from Minc 1994).



                                                                        27










                 low ends of the ti-ansect. Soil profiles characterized during well installation indicated fine-mediurn sands
                 overlaying lacustrine clay at the higher end of the transect. Lower portions of the ti-ansed graded from
                 finer sands and silts to surficial clays. Water level data from 1993 indicated that in April water was at or
                 near the surface at wells 3-8. By early June, water levels had dropped somewhat, but saturated conditions
                 prevailed for the lower half of the trwLsect. By the end of June, however, water levels had dropped to a half
                 meter below the surfitce at the lowest end of the transect. This condition remained stable until November,
                 when water levels began to rise. By December, saturated conditions again prevailed at the lowest end of
                 the transect. Throughout the course of the growing season, water levels flucuated between one half and one
                 meter in each of the eight wells (Appendix 11). Cluster analyses of well data taken from 14 different dates
                 indicated a division of the eight wells into two main groups: wells 1-3, on the sand ridge, and wells 4-8, at
                 the lower end of the ti-ansect, with clay at ot near the surface (Appendix 11). Well number 4 was identified
                 as having hydrologic conditions mtermediate between the more distnictive groupings of wells 1-3 and 5-8.
                         TWINSPAN analysis of quantitative vegetation data taken around each well divided the transect
                 into two groups, clustering wells 1-3, 4-8 (Appendix 11). A secondary division separated out well eight
                 from wells 4-7. The primary division reflects the earlier clustering made with soils and water level data.
                 The secondary division breaking out vegetation at well eight may correspond to the substantially wetter and
                 prolonged saturated conditions at the lower end of the transect. Species strongly associated with the drier
                 portions of the transect (wells 1-3) included red maple (Acrer rubrum), common cinquefoil (Potentilla
                 simplex), and annual bedstraw (Galium aparine). The overstory of the sand ridge is dominated by black
                 oak (Quercus velutina) and white oak (Quercus alba). The best indicator species associated with the wet
                 and open conditions between wells four and seven was pale field sedge (Carex granulans). Other
                 common species in this area were Dudley's rush (Juncus dudley), marsh blazing star (Liatns spicata),
                 common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), and Missouri
                 ironweed (Fernonia missurica). These forbs are all characteristic species of lakeplain prairies. No prairie
                 grasses were found to be abundant enough to be identified as indicator species in this zone, but they were
                 present. The lower end of the transect included an open overstory with tree species such as pin oak
                 (Quercus palustris) and red ash (Frodnus pennsylvanica) which are associated with poorly drained
                 conditions. Herbaceous and shrub species best represented at well eight included meadow sedge (Carex
                 stricta), water knotweed (Polygonum amphibium), side-flowered aster (Aster lateriflorus), and the
                 introduced fdossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula). Relatively few species were widely occurring along the
                 transect, indicating distinct vegetative zonation, from upland oak savanna, through wet-mesic prairie, to the
                 edge of marsh/shrub swamp. In this example, a difference of just over two meters in elevation, coupled




                                                                      28










                  with a water level fluctuation between one half and one meter, appears to maintain vegetative zones that
                  include many characteristic species of lakeplain prairies.
                           Subtle differences in elevation and hydrology create a variety of vegetative zones within lakeplain
                  prairies as well. A transect established in a prairie remnant in Sumpter Township (Wayne County) helps to
                  illustrate the characteristic variation encountered. Tins very gently rolling landscape includes an occasional
                  low beach ridge and varies in elevation by 1-2m. It is also crossed by a number of deep drainage ditches
                  (Fig. 9). Like much of the sand lakeplain in Wayne County, soils here are characterized by 24m of sand
                  over clay. Occasionally a thin lens of silt was encountered in the soil coring. Annual water level
                  fluctuations appear to be about one meter, as determined through interpretation of soil characteristics which
                  included mottling and the accumulation of organic material. ne coupling of water level fluctuation with
                  this gently rolling topography results in a patchwork where portions of the prairie flood nearly every spring
                  while other portions remain dry at the surface. The mosaic of vegetation that results from these hydrologic
                  differences is reflected in dominant as well as a number of rue species. Portions of this landscape which
                  experience annual floods commonly included meadow sedge (Carex stpicta), bulrush (Scirpus pendulus),
                  and Dudley's rush (Juncus dudleyq), as well as state special concern species like two-flowered rush (Juncus
                  biflorus) and Engelirmm's spike-rush (Eleochapis engelmannii). Portions of this prairie that are slightly
                  higher on the landscape included big bluestern grass (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestern grass
                  (Andropogon scopa?lus), Missouri ironweed (Vernonia missurica), northern blazing star (Liaols
                  scapiosa), colic root (Aletris faPinosa), and tall sunflower (Helianthuis giganteus). Rare species in this
                  zone included state special concern, orange grass (Hypencum gentianoides); state threatened, three-awned
                  grass (A?Istida longispica); and state endangered, few-flowered nut-rush (Scle?Ia pauciflora). Driest
                  portions of the prairie. included winged sumac (Rhus copallina), wild indigo (Baptisia tinctotia), round-
                  headed bush-clover (Lespedeza capitata), and wild lupine (Lupinus perennis).


                  Classification of Lakeplain Prairie Sub-Types
                          Naturally complex zonation coupled with extensive fiagmentation and degradation found among
                  Michigan'  s lakeplain prairies makes classification of prairie sub-types extremely difficult. A classification
                  of prairies in southern Ontario was completed using soils and vegetation data from 63 prairie remnants, 40
                  of which were relatively undisturbed (Faber-Langendoen & Maycock 1992). They described prairies on
                  the southern Ontario sand and clay lakeplain in six categories along a moisture gradient consisting of, wet,
                  wet-mesic on sandy loam, wet-mesic on sand, mesic, dry-mesic, and dry regimes. Dominant species in






                                                                        29












                            beach ridge                beach ridge            low beach ridge               drainage ditch










                                                                                              'aitj FIAC SAJO





                        6YO -


                        618-


                                                                                                                       A(pl,M
                                                                                                                        4.9 Wt.,

                                                                                                                       App-xlle-

                        692



                              L  I   L                                                        L
                                                                                              0 1j'5 /80   ;1/'0 221@9
                                                  go  15  0  IS  30 115 60  75 90 /h     445 15
                            A
                                    /v =wtem,f cars
                                                               distances measured In feet

                                 Figure 9: Elevational cross-sections of lakeplain prairie in Sumpter Township, Wayne County
                                          depicting water level flucuations, vegetative zones, and rare plant habitats.









                  their wet prairies include blue-joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), prairie cordgrass (Spartina
                  pectinata), and meadow sedge (Carex soicta), while their wet-mesic prairie on sandy loam was dominated
                  by switchgrass (Panicum Wrgatum), big bluestem grass (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass
                  (Sorghastrum nutans), and common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum). Dominants in their
                  wet-mesic prairie on sand include blue-joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), Canada goldenrod
                  (Sofidago canadensis), big bluestem grass (Andropogon gerardii), and prairie cordgrass (Spartina
                  pectinata). They had more difficulty describing the mesic to dry end of the spectrum because they had
                  fewer sampling sites in a less disturbed condition. Their mesic to dry prairies both included little bluestem
                  grass (Andropogon scopatius) and big bluestem grass (Andropogon gerardii) as dominants.
                           In Michigan, all lakeplain prairie occurrences are small remnants that have experienced significant
                  degradation through past land uses. We utilized the presence of plant species by prairie remnant, and by
                  vegetative zone within selected prairies, to help cLv* sub-types in the state. First, the Michigan Floristic
                  Assessment program (Herman et al. in prep) was used to sort sites by the combined wetness coefficients for
                  plants found at each site. Table 3 includes all prairie remnants where 20 or more plant species were noted,
                  ordering them from the wettest to the driest (-5 = obligate wetland, 0 = facultative, +5 = obligate upland).
                  The table also illustrates the relative number of native vs. introduced plant species, and a combined score
                  for the relative "conservatism" of plant species found at each site. Cluster analyses, TVINSPAN, and
                  DECORANA were used to fiirther clarify relationships between prairie sites.


                                                                 Cluster Analysis

                           The cluster analysis identified two relatively distinct groups of lakeplain prairie sites. For clarity,
                  these groupings are also presented in Table 4. With several exceptions, these two groups appear to
                  represent species differences between sites that are near the coast (Cluster 1) versus those that are farther
                  inland (Cluster 2). Subdivi   sions of these two main clusters (identified by the horizontal lines in Table 4)
                  are difficult to interpret. The subdivision of Cluster 1 may separate coastal sites that include a drier,
                  upland component to their flora (above the line) from those sites that grade into marsh (below the line).
                  The subdivision of Cluster 2 appears to reflect differences in species richness, with species-rich sites
                  clustering together (above the line), and species-poor sites clustering together (below the line). In addition,
                  all of the Allegan sites (all of which are relatively species-poor), form their own cluster.









                                                                         31











                      Table 3         Floristic assessment of lakeplain prairie sites ordered by combined wetness
                                      coefficients for plant species present


                                                                      ..........
                                                                                                                                    @O-MAN         !!-.1il
                                                            ::I ..........
                                                                                                                                     W.
                                                                                                                .. .. .. . .........

                      Cozyeon Point                                   31                0                26.58                4.77                 -2.7
                      Berger Road                                     89,               4                40.17                4.26                 -2.3
                      Dickinson Island                                79                3                33.99                3.82                 -2.0
                      Geiger Road                                     110               7                50.34                4.80                 -1.9
                      Weale Road                                      68                3                37.47                4.54                 -1.8
                      Thomas Road                                     91                7                40.88                4.29                 -1.
                      Bradleyville Road                               1621              5                58.30                4.58                 -1.
                      Nfiddle Channel                                 96                5                45.42                4.64                 -1.
                      Knight Road                                     62                4                29.97                3.81                 -1.
                      36th Street (Allegan)                           54                0                44.23                6.02                 -1.4
                      Sebewaing Railroad                              87                6                40.33                4.48                 -1.4
                      130th Avenue (Allegan)                          43                0                38.89                5.93                 -1.3
                      Essexville Tank Farm                            68                8                33.35                4.04                 -1.3
                      Volkes Road SE                                  58                3                30.46                4.00                 -1.3
                      Harsens Island School                           60                6                29.05                3.75                 -1.3
                      St. Johns Marsh                                 173              3T-               45.77                3.48                 -1.2
                      Volkes Road NW                                  33                1                24.37                4.24                 -1.2
                      Pipeline (ARegan)                               68                4                44.26                5.37                 -1. 1
                      Sebewaing VFW                                   69                41               33.88                4.07                 -1.1
                      Bangor Road                                     49                3                26.00                5.71                 -1. 1
                      West Road                                       61                3                37.13                4.75                 -1.0
                      Sibley Road                                     190               7                69.65                5.05                 -0.9
                      Grand Nkre                                      85,               5                35.25                3.82                 -0.7
                      Bay Park                                        51                2                35.29                4.94                 -0.7
                      Silver Creek Prairie                            24                0                23.68                4.83                 -0.7
                      Sumpter Township                                211              18                60.86                4.19                 -0.4
                      Sumpter Boffow Pits                             60                5                29.18                3.77                 -0.4
                      RawsonvffleRoad                                 72                6,               27.32                3.22                 -0.4
                      King Road                                       129              12                51.35                4.54                 -0.3
                      Algonac/Jankow Road                             95                8                37.55                3.85                 -0.3
                      KRIamy Beach                                    64                4                33.75                4.22                 -0.3
                      Algonac South Drain                             126              10                47.66                4.25                 -0.2
                      Algonac Boffow Pits                             90                81               41.00                4.32                 -0.1
                      Brest Road                                      81                7                39.52                4.59                 0.0
                      Long Lane Airstrip                              39                3                23.86                3.82                 0.3
                      Phelps Road Prairie                             26                1                21.18                4.15                 0.4
                      Field Road                                      48                3                28.34                4.10                 0.5
                      Broadbridge & Marsh roads                       49                4                24.14                3.45                 0.6
                      Sherwood Road                                   58               11                25.34                3.33                 1.1
                      Petersburg SGA                                  194              32                49.02,               3.611                1.3
                                                                                                                                                     5
                                                                                                                                                     5
                                                                                                                                                     5

































                      Stems Road                                      70               11                27.851               3.331                18





                                                                                           32











                 Table 4: Primary division of lakeplain prairies in cluster analysis.

                                           Cluster I                        Cluster 2
                                           Stems Road                       Sumpter Borrow Pits
                                           Long Lane Airstrip               Sherwood Road
                                           Harsens Island School            Silver Creek
                                           Grand Mere                       West Road
                                           Bay Park                         Field Road
                                           Volkes Road SE                   Broadbndge and Marsh roads
                                           Volkes Road NW                   Rawsonville Road
                                           Weale Road                       Brest Road
                                           BgW,or                           Algonac/Jankow Road
                                           Middle Channel                   Peterburg S.G.A.
                                           Algonac South Drain              Sumpter Township
                                           St. John's Marsh                 Sibley Road
                                           Bradleyville Road                Aigggac Borrow Pits
                                           Thomas Road                      130th Street Allegan
                                           Berger Road                      36th Street Allegan
                                           Dickinson Island                 Allegan Pipeline
                                           Geiger Road                      Goose Lake Allegan
                                           Tank Farm (Essexville)           Beaver Meadow (Allegan)
                                           Killarny Beach                   Coryeon Point
                                                                            Phelps Road
                                                                            Lincoln School



                                                                 TVRNSPAN


                          Overall, the primary TWINSPAN divisions duplicate those of the cluster analysis very closely,
                 with TWINSPAN Group 0 corresponding to Cluster I and TWINSPAN Group I corresponding to Cluster
                 2 (Appendix H). Only three sites were reassigned: Stems Road, Grand Mere, and Coryeon Point. The
                 reassignment of these sites provides a somewhat better conformity between group assignment and distance
                 from the coast. That is, TWINSPAN Group 0 includes all wet, coastal sites, while TWINSPAN Group I
                 includes all inland sites. Within the group of inland sites, the Allegan 'sites again group together
                 (TWINSPAN Group 11). '
                         Indicator species for TWINSPAN Group 0 include Spartina pectinata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica,
                 Potentilla ansenna, Calamagrostis canadensis, and Juncus balticus, all species with known preferences
                 for wet or inundated conditions. In contrast, indicator species for TWINSPAN Group I are Coreopsis
                 tripteris and Aleols fatinosa; species prefening moist but not saturated conditions.






                                                                      33










                were based on the presence/absence of species at the sampling locations, and included only species
                occurring at five or more locations (reducing the number of species to 57 out of a total of 230).
                        A table presenting the two-way ordering of species and sampling plots for this analysis appears in
                Appendix U. This table makes a primary division between the Berger Road sites (i.e. BERGER2 -
                BERGER7, plus ICNIGHTWET and JANKOW1) assigned to TWINSPAN Group 0, and the Bradleyville,
                Sumpter Township, and Volkes Road sites (i.e. BRADLEY1 - BRADLEY3, SUWTER1 - SLTWTER5,
                VOLKSE1, VOLKNW2, plus JANKOW2 - JANKOW3, HARSONSCH, ENIGHTRDG, and
                BERGER1). The indicator species for this first division are Carex stricta (occurring in a Group 0 sites)
                and Solidago canadensis (occurring in 12 out of 14 Group I sites). It is interesting that this primary
                division appears to identify groups of sampling locations that belong to the same prairie. However, the
                consistent presence of Carex stricta in Group 0 suggests that these sites are somewhat wetter (wet prairie);
                conversely, the strong presence of Solidago canadensis in Group I argues for drier conditions (wet-mesic
                prairie).
                        Group 0 is subsequently divided into sub-groups 00 (comprising BERGER2 and JANKOWI) and
                01, with the species Cladium mariscoides and Lycopus americanus occurring only in the latter group
                (N=6). Similarly, Group I is divided into sub-group 10 (BRADLYI, BRADLY2, BRADLY3,
                HAMONSCH, JANKOW3, ICNIGHTRUDGE, SUMPTER3, VOLKNW2, and VOLKSEI), and sub-
                group I I (BERGERI, JANKOW2, SUMPTERI, SUWTER2, and SLTWTER5). Indicator species for
                this division are Cirsium discolor and Juncus conadensis, both of which occur more frequently in sub-
                group 10. These secondary subdivisions are difEicult to interpret for several reasons. While one could
                consider the separation of sub-groups 00 and 01 along a moisture g       radient, with sub-group 01 at the
                wettest extreme, the relatively low numbers of species noted for the BERGER2 and JANKOW1 sites (23
                and 15 species, respectively) may have skewed the result. Other factors, such as depth of soil saturation
                and soil organic matter at these two sites appear to be quite similar to the other sites from Group 0. The
                explanation for the subdivisions of Group I into sub-groups 10 and 11 is somewhat less problematic. The
                presence of both Cirsium discolor (an obligate upland species) and Juncus canadensis (an obligate wetland
                species) as indicators of the same sub-group (10) seems odd. But, it reflects the reality of these prairies,
                where very small, wet depressions are scattered throughout a moderately drained complex. Sub-group I I
                includes the driest sites in our sub-sample of prairie zones. Their separation probably indicates a good cut-
                off between wet-mesic prairie and mesic (or even dry-mesic) prairie sites.







                                                                      34
















                                                                            DECORANA


                              Given some of the ambiguities resulting from the TWINSPAN and cluster analyses, we concluded
                    that further analysis using DECORANA would be useful. In this ordination, the first dimension reflected
                    the primary dimension of variability, along an apparent moisture gradient. In contrast, the second axis
                    provided little addit    ional information (as indicated by a narrow range of values for samples on this
                    dimension). Thus, the most relevant dimension for ordering the sampling locations is the first dimension.
                    Sites with high values on Dimension I include the Sumpter Road sites, while the Berger Road sites have the
                    lowest values. Drier-site species have high scores on Dimension 1, while wet-site species score low on this
                    dimension (Table 5). Based on these species associations, it appears that the lakeplain prairies can be
                    generally ordered along a moisture gradient.


                    Table 5: Species with extreme high and low values on the first DECORANA axis.

                                                                               
						Species High on					Species Low ON
						  Dimension 1					  Dimension 1

				Species				Score				Species				Score

			Lespedeza capitata			508				Juncus effusus			60
			Coreopsis tripteris			417				Calamagrostis canadensis	55
			Lactuca canadensis			409				Carex aquatilus			51
			Andropogon scoparius			370				Lycopus americanus		50
			Poa compressa				353				Juncus balticus			40
			Populus deltoides				335				Carex stricta			-25
			Fragaria virginiana			318				Salix exigua			-35
			Spiranthes cernua				316				Cladium mariscoides		-64	
			Aster dumosus				300				Typha angustifolia		-85
			Daucus carota				274				Iris virinica			-86
			Scirpus pendulus				260				Scirpus americanus		-96
			Solidago canadensis			256				Campanula aparinoides		-125
			Rudbeckia hirta				252				Gentianopsis crinita		-125
			Andropogon gerardii			250		


		Using cite clusters and indicator species from the above analyses, Michigan's lakeplain prairie
	remnants were placed into wet, wet-mesic, and mesic categories.  Those prairie remnants that include
	distinct zones of multiple categories were described as such (Table 6).  Given the low number and
	degraded condition of sites in the mesic category, labeling of these sites should be considered as tentative.




									35









                        Michigan's lakeplain wet prairies are most commonly found on both sand and clay lakeplam, close
                to the shoreline of Saginaw Bay and within the St. Clair River Delta. Soils of these prairies range from
                medium sands to silty clay loams dig are poorly drained and moderately alkaline (pH 7-8). Water levels
                fluctuate on seasonal as well as multi-year cycles. Characteristic plant species include: blue-joint grass
                (Calamagrostis canadensis), prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), rush (Juncus balficus), meadow sedge
                (Carex stricta), sedges (Carex aquatilis) and (Carex pellita), shrubby cinquefoil (Potenfilla fivicosa),
                swamp milkweed (Asclepias incamata), and twig-rush (Cladium matiscoides). Combined wetness
                coefficients for plant species found in these sites range from about -1.0 to -3.0. Although rich in plant
                species, they typically include fewer species than the wet-mesic sub-type. Michigan has a total of 14
                known remnants that fall into the lakeplam wet prairie category.
                        Lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is most commonly associated with inland portions of Michigan's
                lakeplains, but is also found along low beach ridges near the Saginaw Bay shoreline. This sub-type more
                commonly occurs on sand lakeplain with soils of medium to fine-textured sand that are slightly acid to
                moderately alkaline (pH 6-8). They experience seasonal flooding and typically include small pockets that
                remam wet throughout the year. These are among the most floristically diverse plant communities in
                Michigan, with as many as 200 plant species found within a single prairie remnant. Characteristic plant
                species include big bluestern grass (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), little
                bluestem grass (Andropogon scoparius), marsh blazing star (Lianis spicata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis
                Mpteiis), switch grass (Panicum iftatum), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum 1drginianum), colic
                root (Alet7isfarinosa), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), Canada golderod (Solidago canadensis), and
                shrubby St. John's wort (Hypencum kalmianum). Combined wetness coefficients for plant species found
                in these sites range from about +0.5 to -1.0. Michigan has a total of 37 known remnants that fall into the
                lakeplain wet-mesic prairie category.
                        Lakeplain mesic prairie can be tentatively characterized as occurring on both sand and clay
                lakeplam and is not commonly found close to the Great Lakes shoreline. Soils range in texture from loam
                to medium sand and encompass a wide range in pH. These sites may never flood, but probably remain
                moist through much of the spring. Characteristic plant species include little bluestem. grass (Andropogon
                scopa?!us), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), colic root (Aleuis farinosa), prairie dock (Silphium
                terebinthinaceum), round-headed bush-clover (Lespedeza capitata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis ftlpte?ls),
                and wild indigo (Bapusia anctona). Combined wetness coefficients for plant species found in these sites
                range from about +0.5 to +2.0. Michigan has a total of six known remnants that fall into the lakeplain
                mesic prairie category.




                                                                    36










                                Table 6: NUchigan lakeplain prairie sub-types, occurrence ranks, and locations.



                                                                                                                   ...... ... .......


                              Killarny Beach               lakeplain wet prairie                        C                   Saginaw          Bay
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Bangor Road                  lakeplain wet prairie                        C                   Saginaw          Bay
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Essexville (Tank Farm)       lakeplain wet prairie                        CD                  Saginaw          Bay
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Knight Road                  lakeplain wet prairie                        CD                  Saginaw          Bay
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Coryeon Point                lakeplain wet prairie                        D                   Saginaw          Bay
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Bradleyville Road            lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  Saginaw          Tuscola
                                                           lakeplain wet prairie                        AB                  Bay
                              Bay Park                     lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  Saginaw          Tuscola
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Thomas Road                  lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   Saginaw          Tuscola
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Berger Road                  lakeplain wet prairie                        B                   Saginaw          Tuscola
                                                           lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   Bay
                              Sebewaing Railroad           lakeplain wet prairie                        C                   Saginaw          Tuscola -
                                                                                                                            Bay              Huron
                              Sebewaing Airport            lakeplain wet prairie                        CD                  Saginaw          Huron
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Geiger Road                  lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   Saginaw          Huron
                                                           lakeplain wet prairie                        B                   Bay
                              Weale Road                   lakeplain wet-niesic prairie                 D                   Saginaw          Huron
                                                                                                                            Bay
                              Long Lane Airstrip           lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Algonac Borrow Pits          lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Algonac South Drain          lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              AIgonac/Jw*ow Road           lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Stone Road                   lakeplain mesic prairie                      D                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Field Road                   lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Broadbridge and Marsh        lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   St Clair         St. Clair
                              Roads                                                                                         Delta
                              Folkert Road                 lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Phelps Road                  lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              St. John's Marsh             lakeplain wet prairie                        BC                  St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                              Middle Channel               lakeplain wet-mesic: prairie                 D                   St Clair         St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta
                                            SE             lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   St Clair         St. Clair
                                                                                                                            Delta






                                                                                        37









                             Table 6: continued

                                                                                                                                             . .......
                                                                                                                           V U-5,"
                                                                                                                                            ir


                             Volkes, Rd. NW               lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   St Clair         St. Clair
                                                                                                                           Delta
                             Flarsees Island School       lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  St Clair         St Clair
                                                                                                                           Delta
                             La Croix Road                lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D ?                 St Clair         St. Clair
                                                                                                                           Delta
                             Channel Road                 lakeplain wet praine                         C ?                 St. Clair        St Clair
                                                                                                                           Delta
                             Little Road                  lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D ?                 St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                           Delta
                             Dickinson Island             lakeplain wet prame                          CD                  St. Clair        St. Clair
                                                                                                                           Delta
                             Silver Creek                 lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   Greater          Wayne
                                                                                                                           Sibley
                             Brest Road                   lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   Greater          Wayne
                                                                                                                           Sibley
                             Telegraph Read               lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  Greater          Wayne
                                                                                                                           Sibley
                             Sibley Road                  lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  AB                  Greater          Wayne
                                                          lakeplain wet prairie                        C                   Sibley
                             West Road                    lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  Greater          Wayne
                                                                                                                           Sibley
                             King Road                    lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  B                   Greater          Wayne
                                                                                                                           Sibley
                             Beech-Daly Road              lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  Greater          Wayne
                                                                                                                           Sibley
                             Lincoln Middle School        lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   SE Wand          Wayne
                             Sherwood Road                lakeplain mesic prairie                      CD                  SE Inland        Wayne
                             Sumpter Borrow Pits          lZe-plain wet-mesic prairie                  CD                  SE Inland        Wayne
                             Rawsonville Road             lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  D                   SE Inland        Wayne
                             Sumpter Town Prauie          lakeplain wet-mesic prmne                    C                   SE Inland        Wayne
                                                          lakeplain mesic prairie                      BC
                             Petersburg SGA               lakeplain mesic prairie                      CD                  SE Inland        Monroe
                             (Minong Prairie)             lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  CD
                             Stems Road                   lakeplain mesic prairie                      CD                  SE Inland        Monroe
                             Goose Lake                   lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   SW               Allegan
                             Beaver Meadow                lakeplain wet-mesic: prairie                 D                   SW               Allegan

                             Pipeline Prairie East        lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  BC                  SW               Allegan
                             36th Street Prairie          lakeplain mesic prairie                      C                   SW               Allegan
                             130th Ave. Prairie           lakeplain wet-mesic prairie                  C                   SW               Allegan
                             Grand Mere                   lakeplain wet-mesic praine                   D                   SW               Berrien




                              Finally, Michigan's lakeplain prairies were placed within the context of other known lakeplain
                    prairie occurrences in the Great Lakes region to develop a qualitative ranking of sites from A-D that
                    reflects their natural quality and extant system fiinction (Table 6). Criteria in developing these rankings
                    include prairie size, adjacent natural communities, land use history, potential for restoring natural
                    disturbance regimes, and species diversity (Appendix IH). In general, Michigan's lakeplain prairies are




                                                                                       38









                  small, highly disturbed remnants that are in need of considerable effort in order to restore sigafficant
                  natural functions. Michigan contains no lakeplain prairies of similar size and intact vegetative structure to
                  the Chiwaukee Prairie (Ilhnois-Wisconsin border), or Walpole Island (southern Ontario). The highest
                  ranking sites (AB) in Michigan are along the Saginaw Bay shoreline at Bradleyville Road, and in Wayne
                  County at Sibley Road. Those sites ranked B or BC include the wet prairies at Berger Road, Geiger Road
                  (both in Wayne County), and St. John's Marsh (St. Clair delta); the wet-mesic prairies at King Road
                  (Wayne County), and the Pipeline Prairie at Allegan State Game Area (Allegan County); and the mesic
                  prairie at Sumpter Township (Wayne County). Ninteen of the remaining 57 Michigan prairie remnants
                  were given C ranks, while 32 were ranked as CD or D.









































                                                                      39




                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 I
                                                 1
                         40                      1










                                                           Special Plant Surveys

                  Methods
                           Prior to field surveys, the MNFI database was consulted to compile information on the number and
                  status of rare plant occurrences within the selected study areas. Particular allention was given to suites of
                  species known within and in close proximity to prairie and associated natural community occurrences, such
                  as the Sibley Road complex, or other areas where clusters of rare species indicated the potential presence of
                  additional rarities. Prairie remnants identified for the lakeplain natural community inventory served as the
                  sites that were concentrated upon for rare plant surveys. Areas such as these were highlighted for surveys
                  to compile more comprehensive information on known rare plant occurrences as well as to seek new
                  occurrences of other expected records based on recent discoveries.
                           During May, 1994, a reconnaissance trip was conducted by the project botanists and ecologists to
                  gain an overview of lakeplain prairie habitats in southeastern Lower Michigan. Large remnants, such as
                  the Greater Sibley complex, were examined to review species assemblages, community structure, and site
                  indicators. A full range of lakeplain prairie habitat, from wet prairie to wet-mesic prairie remnants, was
                  reviewed to discuss typical plant indicators, expected rarities, phenologies, soil conditions and other abiotic
                  factors, and microhabitats where plant occurrences could best be sought or were most likely to be present.
                  During this reconnaissance, examination of a portion of the Greater Sibley complex, in a site known as the
                  King Road locality, resulted in the discovery of new rare plant occurrences. This provided an opportunity
                  to review certain species in relation to microsite conditions and discuss recognition characters and other
                  potential rarities. Reconnaissance concluded with a review of selected dry prairie habitats within the
                  Petersburg State Game Area to review the xeric portion of the lakeplain prairie spectrum-
                          Following reconnaissance, field inventories were conducted from late May through early October.
                  The majority of rare plant inventories were conducted during natural commimity inventories. When
                  special plants-those species classified as endangered, threatened, or special concern-were identified,
                  standard MNFI field forms were completed. Where appropriate, voucher specimens were coff&led for
                  finiher study, confirmation, and ultimately herbarium submission. Field forms were processed following
                  site inventories, resulting in the updating of numerous known occurrences and the recognition of many new
                  special plant records. During the transcription and updating process, all occurrences were given an MNFI
                  element occurrence rank (Appendix III) indicating the general quality, viability, and defensibility of





                                                                        41









                populations. Following the processing of field forms, these data were then submitted for mapping and
                entry in the MNFI Biological and Conservation Database (BCD).


                Results and Discussion
                       A compilation of special plant species known in association with Michigan's lakeplain prairie
                remnants is presented in Table 7. For each species, the table provides the global rank assigned by The
                Nature Conservancy, the state rank assigned by MNFL the state and federal status, and the prairie
                subregion(s), described previously in this repoM in which occurrences have been identified. Field surveys
                resulted primarily in the identification of additional localities for species known previously within the
                described prairie subregions. In some cases, however, this resulted in the discovery'of relatively large
                populations or the documentation of species known only from collections made several decades to nearly
                one century ago. Engelmann's spike-rush (Eleochar7s engelmannii), for example, was known only from
                15 records statewide, and only from one southeastern Michigan record documented in Wayne County in
                1900 near the Detroit River. This species was found to be extant in new Wayne County localities in
                Sumpter Township. Few-flowered nut-rush (Sclena pauciflora), known previously from only three
                records in the state, two of which were turn-of-the-century collections (1904 and 1903), was discovered in
                southeastern Michigan, also in Sumpter Township.
                        Several new localities for Sullivant's milkweed (Asclepias suffivanhi), a western disjunct, were
                discovered in St. Clair and Monroe counties. Several occurrences previously documented in Michigan
                consist of populations occurring along roadsides and other rights-of-way. Among the new occurrences
                found during this study were populations existing in somewhat less vulnerable habitat away from rights-of-
                way in degraded lakeplain prairie. One of the largest populations of this species now known in the state
                was discovered in Monroe County. This population was found in an unusual area not within the boundary
                of historical lakeplain prairie as detemiined through analysis of historical data (Comer et al. 1993). A
                population of several hundred sterns was identified during an inventory for eastern prairie fringed-orchid
                (Platanthera lecucophaea).
                       ,Examination of the assigned global ranks provided in Table 7 demonstrates that the vast majority
                of these species cannot be considered globally rare, as 86% have global ranks of G4 to G5 and are thus
                considered to be secure at the present time. (Explanations and criteria for both global and state ranks are
                provided in Appendix EW. As discussed in more detail below, this is largely explained by the fact that
                most of the rare plants of the lakeplain occur in Michigan at the edge of their ranges. All of the taxa,
                however, are rare within Michigan, as shown by the state ranks. All of these'species have a state rank of
                S3 or "higher" (the term higher meaning a greater rarity denoted by S I or S2 ranking). Overall, the



                                                                    42









                        Table 7: Rare vascular plant species associated with lakeplain prairie in Nfichigan.

                                                                                                                            'A
                                     MWI,
                                  ..... ... ..
                                           ...........
                        ... .................

                        ......................  ........
                        . ...... ........           .....
                                                                           ... ... . .
                        .... . ... ........
                                                                 ..... ...
                                       ................ ..........
                                                                                                                                                                    ad
                                                                                                                                          ur                 SW:'bl
                               ......... .........  ...........  G16                                                 -St.*          Cqea e      SE
                                                                                                                                                           .... ......
                                   .............................I.......     . ........ . .. .......         ...... ......                  . .. ......    . ..... .............
                        .. .... ........                                   .........       . ...............  .......  .................. ................  ...... .. .....
                                           ......................
                                                                                                                                                .... . .. ......... .. .....
                                                                                                                                                 ..........
                                                                                                                                                           ... ...... ...
                                 .............. *"..*
                                                                                                                                                      ......... ..
                                              ..................
                                                                                                                                                             ................
                        ...            ......... ......                                                 ...... ...
                            .................................            . ...............  ...........   ........ .... ....              ......
                                                                                                       . ..............
                                                            ... .......  .. . . .......                                                               .. ....... ....................
                                                           ::: i      ...... ...............  .....                           . ......    :-.. :                     ......
                          .. ..... .... ...
                        .............                                                                                                  .......%.......
                                                                         .. ............... ......... ..... .
                         ...........
                                                                         . .. .. ......... ....                 .......... ....... ..........
                                                                                                                                                                    ..........
                                                                                                                                                    .......... ... ...
                        Agalinis gattinger!                       G3         SI        T                                  x
                        Agahnis skinnerlany                       G3         S2        T        C2                        x
                        Angelica venenosa                         G5         S3        SC                                              x            x
                        Arabis missouYlensis var.                G5T3T       S2        SC       C2                                                  x
                        deamii                                      4                                                                         1
                        Afisfida longispica                       G5         S2        T                                  x            x            x            x
                        Asclepias hirtella                        G5         SI        T                                  x            x            x            x
                        Asclepias suffivanfii                     G5         Sl        T                     x                         x            x
                        Astragalus neglectus                     G3G4        S2        SC       C2                        x
                        Baptistia leucophaea                     G5Q         SI        E                                  x
                        Boltonia asteroides                       G5         S2        SC                                                           x
                        Cacalla plantaginea                      G4G5        S2        T                     x
                        Carexfestucacea                           G5       SIS2        SC                                 x
                        Conobea multifida                         G?         S1        SC                                              x
                        Cyperusflayescens                         G5       S2S3        SC                                 x
                        Cyp?Ipedium candidum                      G4         S2        T        Q            x            x
                        Echinodorus tenellus                      G3         SI        E                                                                         x
                        Eleochwis engelmannii                     G5       S2S3        SC                                                           x            x
                        Eleochans mcostata                        G3         S2        T                                                                         x
                        Fimbristylis puberulenta                  G5         SX        X                                  x
                        Gentiana puberulenta                     G4G5        SI        E                                                                         x
                        Helianthus mollis                        G4G5        SI        T                                                            x
                        Hemicarpha micrantha                      G4         S3        SC                                 x                         x            x
                        Hypeiicum gentianoides                    G5         S3        SC                                 x            x      I     x            x
                        Juncus biflorus                          G5Q         S3        SC   I                             x            x            x            x
                        Juncus brachycarpus                      G4G5      SIS2        T                                               x            x            x
                        Juncus scirpoides                         G5         S2        T                                                                         x
                        Juncus vasey                             G3G5 SIS2             T                                               x            x            x
                        Lechea minor                              G5         SH    I   SC                                              X?           x
                        Lechea pulchella                          G5         S1        T                                                            x
                        Lindemia anagalfidea                      G5         S2        SC                                                           x
                        Ludwigia altemifolia                      G5         S2        T                                  x            x            x            x
                        Lycopodium appressum                      G5         S2        T                                               x            x
                        Panicum leibergii                         G5         S2        T                                  x                         x
                        Platanthera cilimis                       G5         S2        T                     x                                      x
                        Platanthera leucophaea                    G2         SI        E        LT           x            x                         x
                        Polygala cruciata                        IG5     ISM           SC   I                             x            x            x            x
                        Polygala incamata                         G5         Sx        x                                                            x
                                                                                                                . .. ..... . . . ..
                                                                                                                     .. . ....... ..
                                                                                                                 . .... ..                                 -----------------
                                                                                                                 ... ...                                             ...
                                                                                                                                          ... ....... .


                                       ...............





                                                                                            43











                          Table 7: continued

					SPECIES			RANK				STATUS			PRAIRIE SUBREGION
								Global	State		State		Federal	Saginaw	St. Clair	Greater	SE Inland	SW Inland
								Rank		Rank		Status	Status	Bay		Delta		Sibley					
			
			Polygonatum biflorum var.
			melleum				G5TU		SX		X											X
			Pycnanthemum pilosum		G?		S3		SC											X
			Pycnanthemum verticcilatum	G4G5		SH		SC				X									X
			Ranunculus ambigens		G4G5		SH		T											X
			Ranunculus rhomboideus		G4		S2		T											X
			Rhexia virginica			G5		S3		SC											X	
			Rotala ramosior			G5		S3		SC							X		X		X		X		
			Sabatia angularis			G5		S2		T													X
			Scirpus clintonii			G4		S2		T									X				X
			Scirpus hallii			G2		S1		E			C2										X
			Scleria pauciflora		G5		S1		E						X			X			
			Scleria triglomerata		G5		S2S3		SC						X			X		X		X
			Silphium laciniatum		G5		S1S2		T									X
			Silphium perfoliatum		G5		S2		T											X
			Sisyrinchium atlanticum		G5		S1		T													X
			Sporobolus heterolepis		G5		S2		T													X
			Tradescantia virginiana		G5		S2		SC							X
			Triplasis purpurea		G4G5		S2		SC							X
			Valerianella chenopodiifolia	G5		S1		T											X

		majority of the species are an exceedingly rare component of Michigan's biota; approximately 90% are
		ranked S1 or S2 (this includes taxa ranked, for example, as S1S3).  Species ranked SX or SH, referring to
		those taxa classified as extirpated or known only from historical records, respectively, comprise just under
		10% of the list.
			The rarest plant species of Michigan's lakeplain are the few that are presently considered globally
		imperiled, as indicated by those that are either currently listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act or
		are classified as Federal candidate species.  One species, eastern prairie-fringed orchid (Plantanthera
		leucophaea), is listed as Federal threatened.  Species currently under consideration for federal listing
		include Skinner's gerardia (Agalinis skinneriana), Missouri rock-cress (Arabis missouriensis var. deamii),
		Cooper's milk-vetch (Astragalus neglectus), and Hall's bulrush (Scirpus hallii).  Small white ladyslipper
		orchid (Cypripedium candidum), as denoted by its C3 status, is no longer under consideration for listing.
			The rarest and most critically imperiled plant species of Michigan's lakeplain prairies is
		Plantanthera leucophaea.  This species is considered by Case (1987) to possibly be our region's most
		severely endangered orchid.  Surveys by Case and others over the past decade have documented the decline




									44










                  and increasing imperilment of this species, which has been impacted throughout its eastern North America
                  range primarily by the destruction of moist prairie habitat (Case 1987; Sheviak and Bowles 1986; Bowles
                  1983). Ditching and draining, principally for agriculture, has severely affected P. leucophaea. As
                  discussed by Case, this species is highly adapted to the cyclic changes of water levels in the Great Lakes.
                  Its ability and need to migrate inland during high water years has enabled this species to perpetuate itself in
                  a very dynamic environment. However, the loss of availab.. .1" lakeplain prairie habitat over the past several
                  decades has removed important refugia for this species, and its numbers are greatly diminished. Although
                  P. leucophaea has some ability to inhabit ditches, wet fifflow fields, rights-of-way, and other degraded
                  lakeplain habitats, the loss of intact prairie tracts make this species extremely vulnerable to extirpation. In
                  lakeplain prairie remmants where it persists,. P. leucophaea is also threatened by the relatively rapid
                  encroachment of competitive woody vegetation, especially shrubs. Because many lakeplain prairie sites for
                  this orchid no longer experience the natural disturbance regime necessary for the perpetuation of open
                  habitat, it is likely that active management will be needed to maintain local populations and significant seed
                  sources. Lastly, this striking and highly prized orchid is very susceptible to poaching and is persistently
                  sought by photographers. For this reason, it must be noted that all references to specific localities for this
                  globally imperiled species have been avoided in this report.
                          Additional information concerning selected rare plant species of Michigan's lakeplain prairies is
                  provided in Appendix V, consisting of draft MNFI abstracts for endangered and threatened taxa. These
                  Abstracts provide synopses that present basic information on global and state distribution, taxonomy,
                  recognition characters, and brief comments on status, threats, and management needs.


                                                    Overview of Floristic Relationships


                          As summarized in Table 7, numerous rare vascular plant species are known from and concentrated
                  in Michigan"s lakeplain prairies. Although rare within Michigan, several of these plant species are
                  markedly disjunct from their primary ranges, where they are considerably more common. Many remaining
                  prairie fi-agments support important species clusters, thus constituting significant refugia in the Great
                  Lakes region. In WneraI, much of the rare flora of the state (nearly 400 of approximately 1800 native
                  species (Herman et al. in prep)) occurs in Michigan at the edge of its range.
                          Species such as three-awned grass (Arisfida longespica), chestnut sedge (Fimbristylis'puberuU),
                  gentian-leaved St. John's-wort (Hypericaum gentianoides), short-fruited rush (Juncus brachycarpus), two-
                  flowered rush (J biflonts), least pinweed (Lechea minor), yellow fiinged-orchid (Platanthera cilians),
                  tooth-cup (Rotala ramosior), few-flowered nut-rush (Scleria pauciflora), tall nut-rush (S. triglomerata),



                                                                       45










                 cup-plant (Silphium perfoliatum), and corn salad (Valerianella chenopodiifolia), among others, are
                 examples of predominantly southern taxa reaching the northern edge of their range in Lower Michigan.
                 Relatively few rare species of the lakeplain demonstrate the northern element of Michigan's flora.
                 However, Vasey's rush (Juncus vaseyi) and Clinton's bulrush (Scirpus clintonii) are good examples of
                                                                 
                 boreal and northern Michigan species, respectively, that reach their southern range limit as disjuncts in
                 Lower Michigan.
                         The rare flora of the Michigan's lakeplain prairies is also characterized by assemblages of
                 disjuncts typical of western prairie communities as well as those found on pondshores and other
                 intermittent wetland habitats along the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Disjuncts from western prairie communities
                 include such species as Gattinger's gerardia (Agalinis gattingeri), tall green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella),
                 Sullivant's milkweed (A. sullivantti), prairie Indian-plantain (Cacalia plantaginea), downy gentian
                 (Gentiana puberulenta), downy sunflower (Helianthus mollis), compass plant (Silphium laciniatum), and
                 prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis). Plants disjunct from their principal ranges along the Atlantic
                 Coastal Plain comprise a significant component of the rare flora of Michigan's lakeplain prairies. This
                 group is clearly the most diverse in composition.  These well known species, many of which are
                 considerably disjunct from their main distributions, are strongly concentrated in southwestern Lower
                 Michigan, as discussed by Peattie (1922). Several coastal plain disjuncts, however, also occur in a sparser
                 cluster in southeastern Lower Michigan, with a few species known to occur in rather scattered localities
                 ranging into the western Upper Peninsula (Reznicek 1994).
                         Notable Coastal Plain rarities include dwarf burhead (Echinodorus tenellus (=E. parvulus)), three-
                 ribbed spike-rush (Eleocharis tricostata), Engelmann's quillwort (Isoetes engelmannii), scirpus-like rush
                 (Juncus scirpoides), Leggett's pinweed (Lechea pulchella), appressed bog clubmoss (Lycopodium
                 appressum), cross-leaved milkwort (Polygala cruciata), Maryland meadow-beauty (Rhexia mariana),
                 meadow-beauty (R. virginica), netted nut-rush (Scleria reticularis), Atlantic blue-eyed-grass (Sisyrinchium
                 atlanticum), and floating bladderwort (Utricularia inflata (=U. radiata) (Reznicek 1994). It should be
                 noted that these species usually occur in association with several other, somewhat more widely distributed
                 vascular plant taxa that are also known to be Coastal Plain disjuncts. Examples of these species, which are
                 not listed as rare in Michigan, include Long's sedge (Carex longii), grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                 tenuifolia), pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata), panic-grass (Panicum spretum), and hedge-hyssop
                 (Stachys hyssopifolia) (Reznicek 1994).







                                                                      46
 








                                                              Animal Surveys


                  Methods

                          Relatively little is known about the native fauna associated with lakeplain prairie communities, so
                  surveys were designed to document occurrences of habitat-restricted insects and other rare animals. The
                  Natural Heritage Biological and Conservation Database (BCD) was consulted for known occurrences of
                  lakeplain prairies, insect host plants, and rare animal species associated with prairie remnants. Using
                  additional information from spring 1994 natural community surveys for this project, 15 higher quality
                  prairie remnants were surveyed for insects and 8 priority wetland complexes were surveyed for rails.
                  Sightings of other listed animals also were recorded. Information on these species will be added to the BCD
                  and become available for management planning and project review activities.


                                                                Insect Surveys



                          Several techniques were used to collect insects: selective hand-picking of insects feeding or resting
                  on vegetation, diurnal sweepnetting of prairie vegetation, and nocturnal light-trapping. Of special interest
                  were the Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), Herruptera (true bugs), and Homoptera (leafhoppers,
                  spittlebugs, planthoppers, and treehoppers). These orders contain many herbivorous species which can be
                  highly dependent upon specific host plants and their natural communities. Sampling dates and locations are
                  shown in Appendix VI. Four sites (Bradleyville Road, Thomas Road, Algonac, South Dram, and 36th
                  Street Prairie) were sweepnetted monthly from June to September, and all except one (Bradleyville Road)
                  was light-trapped monthly during that period. The remaining sites were sampled at least once during
                  August and September.
                          Multiple sweepnet samples were taken from each lakeplain prairie area so that all zones of
                  vegetation associated with the moisture gradient were included. Each sample consisted of 60 sweeps of a
                  heavy canvas net while pacing slowly through the vegetation. Dominant plant cover and weather variables
                  (temperature, wind speed, cloud cover) were noted. Collected material was transferred to an ethyl acetate-
                  charged killing jar, and subsequently frozen. At a later date, insects were separated from vegetation and
                  sample specimens from target groups were prepared following standard insect collection techniques.
                          Light-trappitig consisted of a standard mercury-vapor light powered by a portable Honda
                  generator. A 2 x 2 in metal conduit fiume supporting a large white sheet was used as a collecting surface.




                                                                       47










                Collection periods generally started at sunset (about 2000 hr) and lasted for 4 - 6 hr. All surveys were
                conducted on nights on or near the new moon or on cloudy nights since bright moonlight lowers the
                responsiveness of many insects to light traps. Trapping sites were located within portions of the prairie with
                a high degree of floristic diversity. Collected insects were returned to the laboratory and processed
                following standardized techniques.
                        Prepared speciumens were identified to genus or species using published references, or were sent to
                various experts for identification. Consultants for the project included D.F. Schweitzer (Eastern Regional
                Office of The Nature Conservancy, for the Papaipema); G.M. Fauske (North Dakota State University, for
                the remaining Lepidoptera and Orthoptera); K.G.A. Hamilton (Agriculture Canada, for the Cicadellidae in
                part); P.K. Lago (University of Mississippi, for the Scarabaeidae); D.A. Rider (North Dakota State
                                                                                               or the Chrysomelidae); M.D.
                University, for the Pentatomidae); E.G. Riley (Texas A&M University, f
                Schwartz (Agriculture Canada, for the Miridae); and S.W. Wilson (Central Missouri State University, for
                the Fulgoroidea).


                                                          Other Animal Surveys



                        Additional surveys were conducted for a variety of species associated historically with coastal
                wetlands. Special emphasis was given to the state endangered king raid (Rallus elegans) which has not been
                systematically surveyed for several years (Rabe 1986). Because Great Lakes' water levels were at a record
                high during that period, breeding habitat for the rails was extremely limited and ftagmented. Periodic
                resampling is necessary to better evaluate the population trends and distribution of this rare species. If
                other fisted species were sighted during the course of field surveys, their presence was noted.
                        Taped calls were used to locate birds during the breeding season because king rails are difficult to
                observe. Three types of calls (Kic-Kic, Chic-Chic-Churr, Grunt) were played at 100 rn intervals while
                walking through appropriate habitat. Surveys were not conducted if wind speeds exceeded 10 mph. Each
                site was surveyed one time between 3-11 May during early morning (0700-0900 hr) or late evening (2000-
                2300 hr) periods whenever possible. These times have been shown to produce consistent and reliable
                census results (Meanley 1969; Rabe 1986). Surveys are limited by both weather and a short sampling
                period, therefore, not all known king rail sites in the state were visited. Special emphasis was given to
                wetland complexes associated with Saginaw Bay to support on-going management initiatives. Sampling
                locations for king rail surveys are shown in Appendix VH.






                                                                      48










                     Results and Discussion

                               Table 8 lists rare animal species that were located in association with Michigan's lakeplain prairie
                     remnants. The table includes a breakdown of element ranks, legal status, and prairie subregion where each
                     species occurs. Field surveys resulted primarily in the identification of additional localities for species
                     known previously from lakeplain prairie and associated wetlands. As indicated by their global ranks, most
                     of these species are considered to be secure on a rangewide basis at the present time. None are listed under
                     the Federal Endangered Species Act nor are they classified as federal candidate species. All are much rarer
                     within Michigan, however, as shown by their state ranks.


                     Table 8: Rare animal species associated with lakeplain prairie in Hchigan.



                                                               'State.,".% S,            ...
                                                                                    .............. SAO 0'.
                                                                                         .... ......
                                                                                     ...........
                                                                                       ......... .
                                                                          ............ ............
                                 ............. .... ......                          ......          ....... .               ....... .... . ...
                                                                                                                                               W
                             .......... .......                                    Was
                                                                                            Ba                        -Sibi
                                                                          A
                                                                                                                            Y
                     Ela::p:he vulpina gloydi       G5T3       S2       T                       X            X
                     Erynnis baptisiae              G5         S2S3     SC                                   X                       X
                     Ixobrychus exifis              G5         S2       T                       X            X

                     Papaipema mantima              G4         SIS3     SC                                                           X
                     Papaipema sciata               G4         S2S3     SC                                   X                       X
                     Papaipema silphii              G3G4 SIS2           T                       X                                    X
                     Prosapia ignipectus            G4         S2S3     SC                      X            X

                     Rallus elegans                 G4Q        S1       E                       X            X
                     Sparfiniphaga inops           JGU         SIS3 SC                                                                           X


                                                                            Insect Surveys



                               Insect survey results should be considered preliminary since several groups are still being
                     processed by experts. Of those completed to date, a total of 201 species from four orders (Hen-dptera,
                     Homoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera) have been identified from the 15 lakeplain prairie study areas.
                     Species lists for nine coastal and six inland sites are shown in Appendix VIII and IX, respectively. A total
                     of 160 species were collected from the coastal prairies, while only 135 species were collected from the
                     inland prairies. Most of this difference, however, can be attributed to differences in sampling intensity and




                                                                                     49









                 time of year. For example, light trapping was conducted at only one inland prairie, while three coastal
                 lakeplain prairies were sampled. If results from this technique are separated from the rest, then 90 and 83
                 species were collected by other techniques from coastal and inland prairies, respectively. In addition, three
                 coastal sites were sampled monthly from June through September, while only one inland site received
                 similar sampling intensity.
                          Although preliminary, six genera with potential to contain host-specific homopterans have been
                 collected from inland lakeplain prairies: Philaenarcys, Chloroteffix, Rexamia, Graminella, Hecalus, and
                 Laewcephalus. Another six genera with potential to contain host-specific homopterans have been collected
                 from coastal lakeplam prairies: Chlorotetax, Rexamia, Graminella, Hecalus, Laewcephalus, and
                 Lonatura. These specimens currently are being identified to the species level by experts. Because these
                 groups are not well studied, we anticipate that a number of disjuncts, range extensions, and possibly new
                 and undescribed species will ultimately be reported. Other recent studies of higher quality natural
                 conimunities have had similar results (K.G.A. Hamilton pers. comm.; Higman et al. 1994; Panzer and
                 Gnaedinger 1986a, 1986b).
                          At this time, no listed species are known to be collected at inland lakeplain prairie sites. Two state-
                 listed special concern insects were collected from coastal study areas. Prosapia ignWaus (red-legged
                 spittlebug) was recorded in three sites, Algonac South Drain (two openings), Algonac-Jankow Road, and
                 Thomas Road. This species appears to occur primarily in sandy regions of the northeastern U.S. south to
                 southern Pennsylvania, and is locally common in southern Ontario (Hamilton 1982)
                          Only three verified collection localities were known from Michigan prior to 1994. One site was
                 associated with alvar grassland in Presque Isle County; two sites were associated with prairie fen
                 complexes in Berrien and Jackson counties. Little is known about the life history and ecology of most
                 spittlebugs. Adult P. ignipectus typically are collected in July and August in Michigan. The nymphs are
                 known to feed on the subterranean parts of little bluestem grass (Andropogon scopanus) and are difficult
                 to find. Adults feed on little bluestem (Morse 192 1) and other grasses (Hamilton 1982). It is unlikely that
                 the spexies is restricted to a single plant species. In Michigan, it has been found only in relatively
                 undisturbed habitats containing the larval host plant. One of the three locations at Algonac where it was
                 collected includes dry sandy openings containing little bluestem within a degraded oak savanna system. The
                 other two sites appear wetter, however, they still contain little bluestem. A single individual was collected
                 from a sand ridge containing little bluestern adjacent to wetter zones of lakeplain prairie vegetation at
                 11omas Road. While fewer thari five mclividuals were collected at most sites, 13 specimens were collected
                 from the wetter portion of Algonac South Drain (around well 5, see Fig. 8).




                                                                        50









                          Papaipema sciata (Culvers root borer, a moth) was collected only from light traps at Algonac
                  South Drain. The species is know from seven localities in lower Nfichigan although many of these
                  populations are small. This group of moths in general is very local in occurrence and rarely is found any
                  great distance from larval food plants. Papaipema sciata is not restricted to prairies. It does occur quite
                  frequent ly with P. limpida which shows a stronger affinity for prairie habitats. Both species have been
                  recorded from lakeplain mesic prairie and prairie fen. Papaipema sciata has the potential to occur
                  wherever large, unburned populations of its host plant, Culver's root (Veronicastrum Wrginicum) is found.
                  All Papatpema moths are susceptible to fire at a stages of their life histories.
                          Overall, preliminary results indicate a fairly typical pattern of species occurrence for degraded and
                  fragmented prairie remnants (Panzer 1988, Schweitzer pers. comm.). No one site appears to have more
                  than a few of the more specialized prairie insects. Several sites have none. Additional light trapping is
                  strongly recommended to further document occurrence and distribution of speciali     zed prairie Papaipema.
                  This group along with other specialist Lepidoptera are better indicators of intact prairies than the flora.
                  Unlike perennial plants, fragmented Lepidoptera populations can be eradicated by single short term
                  catastrophic events like severe drought or large unnaturally timed fire. A rich assemblage of prairie
                  Lepidoptera indicates a lugh degree of historical continuity for the site. Good quality prairie remnants with
                  intact fauna are considerably less common than remnants of good prairie flora.
                          Care should be taken when conducting prescribed burns since most of the prairie insect fituna, is
                  highly sensitive to unnaturally timed fires. Standard practices should include subdividing each remnant into
                  smaller burn units, rotating bums so that Aacent areas are not burned in consecutive years, and allowing
                  3-5 years between burning of subunits to allow for recolonization from adjacent source populations. This is
                  especially important for species that are not highly mobile and are closely associated with a host plant.
                  Because insects tend to occur in localized patches and have seasonal activity patterns, additional survey
                  work is recommended before management activities are implemented. Monitoring programs should be
                  developed to evaluate insect response to lakeplain prairie restoration projects.


                                                           Other Animal Surveys



                          Of the eight wedwd complexes surveyed for king rail, responding birds were documented at two.
                  Although a large potion of suitable habitat was surveyed on the St. Clair Delta, only one breeding pair was
                  identified at Harsen!s Island in 1994. Surveys in 1986 with nearly identical coverage documented the
                  presence of 17 birds, including 4 breeding pairs, in the complex (Rabe 1986). This area supported 6 1 % of




                                                                       51









                the king rail population known to occur in the state that year. No one explanation readily expWris the sharp
                decline. Much of the habitat still appears intact and relatively undisturbed. Because the birds tend to
                return to the same breeding territory year after year, a decline of this magnitude should not be attributed to
                the re-dispersal of individuals as Lake Huron water levels receded. Resurvey of the Delta should be a high
                priority in 1995. Additional information about is critical to develop management priorities for the king rail.
                Consideration should be given to the acquisition and protection of the prairie and adjacent wetlands at the

                Volkes Road Northwest site.

                         In addition to the St. Clair Delta, one breeding pair and one single bird were identified in
                Nayanquing Point during 1994 surveys. Six birds representing three breeding pairs were documented in
                that area in 1986. It appears that fewer birds now occur here, even though additional potential habitat was
                included in 1994 surveys. This area, and perhaps all of the birds historical range in Michigan, should be
                resurveyed in 1995. Clearly the potential 'for statewide extinction is all too real. With declining
                populations throughout the Midwest, it may be that the king rail will persist only in the Atlantic and Gulf
                Coast marshes, and in the rice belts of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas where their densities historically
                have been greatest.
                         More intensive studies of the lakeplain prairie fauna will be needed to completely document
                species' occurrence and distribution because animal use of specific habitats can be seasonal. It is likely
                that other rare species use lakeplain prairies, and their requirements should be considered when planning
                restoration and management activities.

























                                                                      52








                                      Lakeplain Prairie Conservation Recommendations


                           The results of the 1994 aerial and field surveys verify that only a small part of the once extensive
                  tracts of lakeplain prairie remain. The importance of these remaining fi-agments of prairie for the
                  conservation of biological diversity is recognized by the conservation community. Our primary options for
                  conservation are include land acquisition and active land management.


                  Land Acquisition

                           The most urgent conservation action for lakeplain prairies in Michigan is to pursue the acquisition
                  of remaining private parcels. Most of these are in areas sub ect to intense industrial or residential
                  development pressure and likely will be lost within the next decade. The most important areas for
                  acquisition are those in Wayne County, specifically, the large tracts at Sibley Road, King Road, and
                  several sites near the Sumpter Township prairie.
                           Sibley Road is the largest prairie in the state, but primary land owners are unwilling to sell at this
                  time. There has been approval of Natural Resources Trust Fund money for acquisition of tins tract as a
                  state game area, but unless major land owners sell, the state will probably abandon the game area project,
                  rather than pursue the many small parcels within the prairie. King Road prairie, which is currently ofiered
                  for sale, offers the best opportunity for acquisition in the Greater Sibley complex. There are numerous
                  other small tracts that could be acquired, but many are isolated remnants that would be more difficult to
                  manage thari the larger Sibley Road and King Road sites. Ile state should continue to pursue tracts within
                  the Greater Sibley Complex over the long term.
                           Sumpter Township, in southwestern Wayne County, has several prairie parcels. Most of these
                  parcels are isolated from each other, restricting the development and management of a large scale prairie
                  preserve. However, one 80-acre tract owned by the township contains restorable prairie. The township is
                  currently planning development of a golf course at this site. Alternative golf course sites should be located
                  within the township. Assistance by private conservation organizations would be especially helpful.
                           Along the shoreline there is also need for continued land acquisition adjacent to state-owned prairie
                  tracts. Opportunities exist for prairie expansion along Saginaw Bay shoreline. Highest priorty sites are
                  Bradleyville Road and Geiger Road, which are mostly included wthin the purchase boundaries of the Fish
                  Point Wildlife Area. On the St. Clair delta, there are prairie remnants on parcels adjacent to state lands on
                  Harsens Island and Dickinson Island. One parcel on Harsens Island was proposed for marina development,
                  and most of the prairie was recently plowed and planted to soybeans. "Me state is considering acquisition

                                                                        53










                of this parcel, possibly to restore the prairie and develop into a locally-directed nature center. All of these
                tracts are within the purchase boundaries of the St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area. Several additional parcels
                are munediately adjacent to Algonac State Park, but fall outside of their purchase boundaries. At
                Petersburg State Game Area in Monroe County, there is privately owned prairie in the southeastern portion
                of Section 14, north of Ida Center Road, which partially falls within the game area's purchase boundaries.
                         Michigan's conservation community has not been as active in acquiring lakeplain prairies as they
                have been in neighboring Ohio, Illinois, and Wisconsin. In all three of these states, there has been
                aggressive pursuit of prairie remnants, even in rapidly developing urban and suburban areas. In Michigan,
                the fragmented nature of the prairies, compounded with local restrictions to bum management, have been
                viewed as excuses for avoiding involvement in prairie protection. Without a more active involvement of
                Michigan's conservation community, many of the existing project opportunities in rapidly urbanizing
                prairie areas of Wayne County will soon disappear.


                Managing Publicly-owned Prairies

                         There are several prairie remnants in public ownership that are being managed. State game area
                and park managers have generally been quite supportive of prairie management, especially as experimental
                prescribed bums have been demonstrated to provide improved wildlife habitat for upland game birds and
                mammals. Bums at both Allegan State Game Area and Petersburg State Game Area have shown good
                responses of prairie grasses, improving both vegetation and seed productivity. Bums of both lakeplain wet
                and wet-mesic prairie at St. John's Marsh have improved the structure and increased the flowering of herbs
                and grasses. In general, the effect of bums on the fauna has not been evaluated. Documentation of the
                effect of bum management on the fauna, both game and non-game species, has not been adequately done to

                date.

                         Managers at Algonac State Park are excited about the response of prairie vegetation to bum
                management. The prairies offer recreational and educational opportunities to park users. More aggressive
                signing, development of viewing trails, and production of educational brochures are needed to increase
                awareness and support of prairie management from the public.
                         Not all of Michigan's publicly-owned prairies are being actively managed. For example, a golf
                course has been proposed for the Sumpter Township prairie. Educating citizens, public officials, and local
                planners on the importance of our remaining prairies should probably be one of the highest priorities of our
                conservation planners. Another prairie on a pubhcly-owned tract on Harsen's Island was sold to a



                                                                      54









                 developer for conversion to a marina; the presence of the prairie was discovered only after much of the
                 prairie had been plowed. The results of this study should help in avoiding situations like that in the future.


                 Prairie Restoration

                          Past land management within most of our remaining prairie remnants include drainage, plowing,
                 and sand mining. Large county drams, often in combination with pumping, have lowered the water table,
                 resulting in conversion of the prairies to either shrub swamp, forested swamp, or upland forest. Shallow
                 "dead ffirrows", less than a half meter deep and 5 to 10 meters apart, allowed the prairies to be hayed, but
                 did not as severely alter the hydrology; prairies often remain intact following creation of dead ffirrows.
                 Restoration of the hydrology may be an important tool for enlarging our prairie remnants. Presently
                 restoration is being explored at Bradleyville Road, but only on a small scale project. A major prairie
                 restoration, which would involve large-scale hydrologic restoration, is in the planning stages near the
                 Quaniccassee River on Saginaw Bay. Along Saginaw Bay, there are large areas of agricultural land that
                 could be restored to prairie, but such restoration is likely to be limited to the wettest lands near the bay,
                 where agriculture is only marginally profitable. Some of these lands adjacent to Fish Point and other
                 coastal game areas, were offered when water levels were high in the late 1980s, but they were removed
                 from the market when water levels dropped and farming subsequently became more profitable.
                          Many of the prairies of the St. Clair delta could also benefit from closing drains. Except for the
                 DNR!s drains on Harsens Island and St. John's Marsh which are used for wildlife management, however, it
                 is unlikely that the public would support other closures, as these might adversely affect both agricultural
                 and residential land use. Many of the inland prairies of Wayne and Monroe counties have also been
                 adversely effected by drainage, but both agricultural and residential land-use pressures remain high. For
                 some of our prairies, residential land use may actually result in fiirther drainage projects.
                          Prescribed burning has been used for management of the lakeplain prairies at Algonac State Park,
                 St. John's Marsh, and Petersburg State Game Area, with proposed bums at Thomas Road and Bradleyville
                 Road prairies on Saginaw Bay, and Pipeline Prairie East at Allegan State Game Area. The Algonac and
                 St. Jolufs Marsh prairies responded with increased flowering of both prairie herbs and grasses, and with a
                 reduction in shrubs and small trees. It is not yet clear whether the wetter lakeplain prairies require fire to
                 persist. In contrast, the mesic to dry-mesic lakeplain prairies, such as those found at Sumpter Township
                 and Petersburg State Game Area require burning to remove competition from shrubs and trees. Fire was
                 probably much more prevalent in the past, allowing for the original establishment of prairie vegetation.
                 Moister, cooler climatic conditions during the List 3000 to 4000 years may have reduced naturally

                                                                       55










                 occurring lightning fires. During this period of moister weather, Native American land management with
                 fire probably helped maintain the prairies.
                         Most of the mesic and dry-mesic prairies of Monroe and Wayne counties will require bum
                 management for long-term persistence. Unfortunately, state and local bum restrictions may not allow
                 prescribed-bum management in Wayne County. On state owned lands, reduced fire-control stiffing within
                 the Michigan's Department of Natural Resources has limited the number of prescribed-bums on lakeplain
                 prairies in recent years. As the potential benefits of prescribed bums are realized, and experience with
                 prairie bums increases, we hope that this trend will be reversed. It is imperative that we be able to utilize
                 prescribed burning in the number of natural cominunities where this natural process is significant. Where
                 the use of prescribed burning is simply unfeasible, alternative management regimes involving periodic
                 shrub removal, mowing, and/or selective herbicide application should be considered.


                 Education

                         Due to seasonal variation in water levels and complex spatial patterning commonly found in
                 lakeplain prairies, these sites are often not recognized as wetlands fidling under state and federal regulation.
                 Field personnel need to be educated on the complex nature of these systems so that they are recognized and
                 receive adequate protection under existing statutes. Additionally, many lakeplain prairies are configured as
                 a mosaic of small wetlands (< 5 acres) and dry upland ridges. These sites would be considered Critical
                 Non-contiguous Wetlands, also falling under existing wetlands regulation, if landowners were notified of
                 their existence. They fall under this category due to the unique habitat that they provide for rare species.
                         Education of the public about Michigan!s natural heritage, especially the more threatened
                 cominunities such as the lakeplain prairies, should perhaps be our most pressing goal. The extremely
                 successful model of nearby Chicago should demonstrate the level of interest that the public has for prairies.
                 In Chicago, Steve Packard (The Nature Consen-ancy-Illinois Chapter) has enough volunteers to maintain
                 active stewardship and management of numerous Illinois prairies.












                                                                       56









                                                       Summary and Conclusions

                          This report presents the results of a year-long project to inventory and characterize tallgrass prairie
                  on Michigan's glacial lakeplain. Lakeplain prairies are globally imperiled natural communities found in the
                  Great Lakes states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio; and in southern Ontario, Canada.
                  In Michigan, lakeplain prairies are found in three regions: the southeast counties along Lake Erie, the
                  Detroit River, and Lake St. Clair; the Saginaw Bay shoreline; and in Berrien and Allegan counties in the
                  southwest. Historically they were most abundant in Wayne and Monroe counties, where 80% of the state's
                  total was found. The Saginaw Bay region contained about 18% of the state total, primarily in Bay and
                  Tuscola counties, while the southwestern counties of Berrien and Allegan contained less than one percent of
                  historical lakeplain prairie acreage. Less than. one percent of historical lakeplain prairie acreage remains in
                  Michigan. As with elsewhere in the Great Lakes region, prairies were drained and converted for
                  agricultural production beginning early in the nineteenth century. Although a number of these areas were
                  later abandoned and partially reverted to the natural condition, more recent concentrations of urban
                  development have all but eliminated these systems from Michigan's landscape. A total of 50 lakeplain
                  prairie remnants were located in Michigan, ranging from 2-200 acres in size. The largest concentrations of
                  prairie remnants are in southwest Wayne County, in and around the St. Clair River delta, and along the
                  Saginaw Bay shoreline in Tuscola County.
                          Lakeplain prairies are located on sand and clay where subtle differences in elevation can result in
                  significantly different vegetation. This is due to a characteristic annual fluctuation in water tables of one to
                  three meters. Spring flooding coupled with summer drought combine to limit the establishment of woody
                  vegetation. It is likely that wildfires also played a role in maintaining prairie conditions, but this
                  relationship has not been clearly established. The highly fi-agmented nature of Michigan's prairie remnants
                  complicates attempts at refining a classification of prairie subtypes. However, analysis of vegetation data
                  taken in Michigan's prairie remnants indicated a clear moisture gradient and resulted in our subdivision of
                  lakeplain prairies into wet, wet-mesic, and mesic subtypes. A dry-mesic subtype could probably be
                  distinguished and described if more examples could be located for study. This breakdown, along with the
                  dominant plant species characteristic of each t),W, closely resembles previous classification work
                  completed in southern Ontario. In many cases, more than. one prairie subtype is found in a mosaic on a
                  given landscape. Along the great Lakes shoreline, lakeplain prairie typically is found just inland of coastal
                  emergent marsh, and narrow bands of wet, wet-mesic, and mesic prairies are found near the base of low
                  beach ridges. On inland portions of the lakeplain in Wayne and Monroe counties, lakeplain prairie is



                                                                        57










                commonly found in a patchy configuration, with small, wet spots interspersed among larger wet-mesic
                remnants. Beach ridges also form a part of this landscape mosaic.
                        Rare plant surveys in each of the lakeplain prairie remnants resulted in many new occurrences.
                Most rare plant species in Michigan's prairies are not globally rare, but many, such as Englemann's spike-
                rush (Eleocharis engelmannii) and few-flowered nut-rush (Sclena pauciflora), are very rare within the
                state. A total of 56 state-listed plant species are associated with Michigan's prairie remnants. Six of the
                rare plant species are listed either as candidates for federal listing, or are currently listed as federally
                threatened.   Included among these six are the eastern prairie ftinged orchid (Platanthera leucophea),
                Skimer's gerardii (Agalinus skinnerlana), and Missouri rock-cress (Arabis missounfensis var. deamii).
                The rare flora of Michigan's lakeplain prairies include a number of species at the northern or southern edge
                of their ranges. There are also plant species assemblages that are disjuncts of typical western prairie
                communities and those found in intermittent wetland habitats along the Atlantic Coastal Plain.
                        Animal surveys resulted in several new occurrences. Two state-listed special concern insects were
                documented at three lakeplain prairie sites. Prior to this study, Prosapia ignipectus was known from only
                three localities in Michigan, and Papaipema sciata was known from seven localities. Although prelirninary,
                a total of seven genera with potential to contain host-specific homopterans were collected. Because these
                groups are not well studied, it is possible that a number of disjuncts, range extensions, and possibly new
                and undescribed species will ultimately be reported. Avian surveys reconfirmed the presence of king rails
                at two sites, although numbers have declined since the last systematic survey of those areas in 1986.
                Because long-term information about rail abundance and distribution is lacking, additional survey work
                should be a priority. This knowledge is critical to guide the formulation of management priorities and
                strategies for the king rail. Because animal use of specific habitats can be seasonal, more intensive studies
                of the lakeplain prairie fauna will be needed to completely document species' occurrence and distribution.
                        The conservation of lakeplain prairie remnants should include land acquisition, prairie restoration
                and management, and public education and involvement. Prairie remnants in Wayne County are of highest
                priority for land acquisition due to the extreme land-use pressures they currently face. Additional land
                acquisitions are strongly recommended for private tracts adjacent to public lands along the Saginaw Bay
                shoreline, on the St. Clair River delta, and adjacent to the Petersburg State Game Area in Monroe County.
                Prairie restoration and management is on-going at a small scale on state land. There are many
                opportunities to restore lakeplain prairie remnants through the re-esmblishment of natural hydrology and
                prescribed burning. Sites including restorable prairie remnants should be utilized when planning long-term
                watershed management strategies, and considered when locating potential wedand mitigation projects.



                                                                     58









                  Education of the public about lakeplain prairies, and other threatened components of Michigan's natural
                  heritage, should raise awareness and stimulate involvement in land use planning ussues. It is critical for the
                  conservation community in Michigan to take immediate action to conserve our lakeplain prairies before the
                  few remaining opportunities are lost.



                                                            Acknowledgements

                          We would like to thank both the Coastal Management Program, Land and Water Management
                  Division, and the Wildlife Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for providing
                  funding for this project. The Nature Conservancy also provided important financial assistance for this
                  project. Data collected under a grant from the U.S. E.P.A. Great Lakes National Program was used for
                  this report. We also thank the many private Michigan landowners who graciously allowed us access to
                  their property.
                          Numerous individuals provided indispensible help throughout the final stages of this project. Leah
                  Minc provided the statistical analyses with vegetation data. Mike Austin (MNFI) prepared the digital maps
                  for the report. Daria Hyde (MNFI) worked diligently processing insect specimens. A.A. Reznicek and E.G.
                  Voss of the University of Michigan Herbarium verified a number of plant specimens. Insect identifications
                  were verified by D.F. Schweitzer (Eastern Regional office -of The Nature Conservancy, for Papaipema);
                  G.M. Fauske (North Dakota State University, for the remaining Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. K.G.A.
                  Hamilton (Agriculture Canada, for Cicadeffidde in part); P.K. Lago (University of Mississippi, for the
                  Scarabaeidae); D.A. Rider (North Dakota State University, for the Pentatomidae), E.G. Riley (Agriculture
                  Canada, for the Chrysomelidde); M.D. Schwartz (Agriculture Canada, for the Miridae); and S.W. Wilson
                  (Central Missouri State University, for the Fulgoroidea). IP



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                                                                  61











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                                                                  62









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                        and University of Michigan Herbarium. 724 pp.





















                                                                  63




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                         64                      1




























                                                                                  APPENDIX I


                                                                Lakeplain Prairie Site Summaries


                                                        Saginaw Bay Region           ............................... page 66

                                                        St. Clair River Delta Subregion            ............... page 92

                                                        Southeast Inland Subregion            ..................... page 120

                                                        Southwest Region         .................................... page 146























                                                                                            65










                            IULLARNY BEACH PRAIRIE, TOBIACO MARSH STATE GAME AREA


                Killarny Beach is located on the shore of Saginaw Bay, approximately three miles northwest of the mouth
                of the Kawkawlin River, in the Tobico Marsh State Game Area. Seven acres of prairie and 20 acres of oak
                barrens are sandwiched between the railroad along the primary beach ridge and Tobico Marsh. The prairie
                occupies a hydrologic zone intermediate between the flooded marsh and dry beach ridge. This site does not
                correspond with any known presettlement prairie locations. The potential prairie habitat may have been
                significantly reduced by the controlled flooding of Tobico Marsh by the Wildlife Division. In addition
                some small scale sand mining has taken place on the upland portion of the site.

                Lakeplam prairie occupies a narrow zone between the Tobico Marsh Flooding and beach ridge uplands.
                The marsh is dominated by cattail (Typa sp.) and grades into a meadow of blue-joint grass (Calamagrostis
                canadensis) before giving way to wet prairie. Continuing upland the lakeplain wet prairie gives way to an
                oak barren dominated by black oak (Quercus velutina) with a ground cover of Pennsylvania sedge'(Carex
                pensylvanica). The blue-joint meadow includes pockets of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and
                cottonwood (Populus deltoides).

                The lakeplain wet prairie is dominated by Kalm's St. John's wort (Hypericum kalmianum) and prairie cord
                grass (Spartinapectinata) with blue-joint grass; Indian grass (Sorgastnim nutans); rice button aster (Aster
                dumosus); a rush (Juncus balficus); grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia); and the sedges
                (Carex aquatilis) and (C buxbaumfi) also common. The prairie lies on Belleville loamy sands and
                Pipestone fine sands, most of the Belleville series has been inundated by the wildlife flooding. The site
                Floristic Quality Index equaled 33.75 which was 23rd out of 51 lakeplain prairie sites sampled. Sixty four
                species were noted during two site visits in the 1982 and 1984. The plant list is a composite of upland and
                wetland portions of the site so a meaningfid, average Wetness Coefficient is not available. The site was not
                visited during 1994. No listed species were observed on the site, however the yellow ffinged orchid
                (Platanthera ciliaris) was collected in the general vicinity in 1896.

                The site is contained with in the Tobico Marsh Wildlife Refuge, within the Tobico Marsh State Game
                Area. The lands between the railroad and the lake shore consist of small, privately owned lots with houses
                and seasonal cottages. No additional acquisition is recommended for the site. Protection of the physical
                site is achieved through it's inclusion in the game area. The prairie would benefit from a small decrease of
                the water level in the flooding and from periodic controlled bums of the prairie and savanna elements.


















                                                                    66



















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                     SITE: Killamy Beach, Tobico Marsh State Game Area

                     LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Bay Co., Tl5N-R5E Sec. 19.

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Kawkawlin 4308368

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie, oak barrens.

                     ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 33.75 WET CO. -0.3 T COEF. CONS. 4.22

                           FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetnm Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm



                                                                                      67












                                                       BANGOR ROAD PRAIRIE



                Bangor Road wet prairie is located approximately 0.75 mile south of Saginaw Bay and one half mile
                southwest of the Kawkawlin River, between Bangor Road and the Detroit and Mackimc Railroad tracks.
                The site contains approximately 30 acres of prairie bounded on the east by Bangor Road on the west and
                south by the railroad and on the north by shrubby, disturbed ground. The 30 acres of prairie on this site
                are a remnant of a prairie-marsh complex that, prior to European settlement covered 2,500 acres.
                Approximately 500 acres of the complex was prairie. The marsh was bordered by lakeplain prairie.
                Drainage of the area, accompanied by agriculture and urban development has eliminated the marsh. The
                reduced water table has allowed prairie vegetation to migrate into the former marsh..

                The lakeplain wet prairie occupies a level, sandy, glacial lakebed. Much of the site is shrubbing in with
                gray sternmed dogwood (Comusfoemina), Kalm's St. John's wort (Hype?icum kalmianum) and shrubby
                cinquefoil (Potentilla fivicosa). The prairie grasses, Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans), blue-joint
                (Calamagrostis canadensis), and prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata) are common but do not dominate.
                The herbaceous ground cover is dominated by silverweed (Potentilla ansenna), marsh blazing star (LiatKs
                spicata), strawberry (Fragaria iftimana), heath aster (Virgulus Mcoides), sneezeweed (Helenium
                autumnale), and pale spiked lobelia, (Lobelia spicata). The prairie occurs on sandy loarn of the Belleville
                series. The site Floristic Quality Index equaled 26.00 which was 36th of 51 lakeplain prairie sites sampled.
                Forty nine species were noted during a single visit in the autumn of 1994. No listed species were observed
                on the site. The site has Wetness Coefficient of -1. 1 (Fac+).

                The site is privately owned by the Elek and Burke Development Company. This single ownership
                encompasses the entire prairie and an additional 76 acres. Because the site is privately owned and no listed
                species occur on the site it is vulnerable to development. The proximity of the site to the lake shore and a
                moderated sized urban area increase the likelihood of the site being developed. Protection is available via
                the Goemare-Anderson Wetlands protection act but the site may be vulnerable to encroachment by small
                wetland fill permits along the sites margins. Acquisition of this site should be pursued. The site is equally
                vulnerable to succssion by a mature, lowland forest as it is to be lost to development. This site requires
                active management in the form of periodic brushing, or preferably, controlled bums, to maintain a healthy
                lakeplain prairie.




















                                                                      68





















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                 SITE: Bangor Road

                 LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Bay Co. T14N-R5E Sec. 4

                 USGS QUADRANGLE: Kawkawlin 4308368

                 COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

                 ELEMENT RANK: C FQl: 26.00 WET CO.: -1. 1 X COEF. CONS.: 5.71

                 FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiossn



                                                                       69










                                                ESSEXVILLE (TANK FARM) PRAIRIE


                The Essexville (Tank Farm) prairie is located on the west bank of the Saginaw River approximately three
                miles inland from the river mouth. The site is actually on the north bank of an east-west bend in the river,
                300 meters west of the Detroit and Mackinac Railroad bridge. The site occupies 13 acres surrounded to
                the north, west and east by heavy industrial development and to the south by a diked marsh along the
                Saginaw River. This site is a remnant of a prairie that covered over 500 acres prior to European
                settlement. Historically, the prairie marsh complex extended north along the Saginaw River and west to the
                mouth of the Kawkawlin River. The Bangor Prairie site occurs near the northwest edge of this historical
                prairie-marsh complex.

                The site is a small remnant of a prairie that until the 1970's still covered over 50 acres. Because the value
                of the site was not recognized early enough it became home to a Dow Chemical Plant, a Shell Oil and Gas
                Co. tank fitnn and a municipal sewage treatment plain.

                The lak@lain wet prairie remnant is dominated by the prairie grasses; big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)
                and blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis). Gray stemmed dogwood (Comusfoemina) has formed dense
                growths in portions of the site. Other common lakeplain prairie plants include; Indian grass (Sorgastrum
                nutans), the sedges (Carex aquatilis) and (C crawyei), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), strawberry
                (Fragana wrginiana), mountain mint (Pycnanthemum vIrginiana), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                graminifolia) and Riddell's goldenrod (Solidago iiddellii) are also common. The prairie lies on loam of
                the Tappan Series with a pH of 7.5. The Floristic Quality Index for the site is 33.35, 22nd of 51 lakeplain
                prairie sites surveyed. Sixty eight plant species have been recorded from the site during three visits in the
                1980's. The Wetness Coefficient for the site is -1.3 (Fac+).

                A population of the state threatened tall green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella) also occurs on the site and an
                1898 collection of the state Threatened tuberous Indian plantain (Cacalia plantaginea) was made in the
                general vicinity.

                The site is privately owned and fies primarily on lands of William Bartlett, Straits Wood Products but
                extents on to lands of Dow Chemical Co., Shell Oil and Gas Co., and the municipal government.
                Acquisition would be difficult on the site and the potential for hazardous waste problems is very real. The
                best management protection option would be to negotiate a formal management agreement with the owners
                and seek a conservation easement to prevent the complete loss of the site.

















                                                                     70



















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                       SITE: Essexville (Tank Farm Prairie)

                       LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Bay County,                            T14N-R5E, Sec. 15

                       USGS QUADRANGLE: Essexville 4308357

                       COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

                       ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 33.35 WET CO.: -1.3 T COEF. CONS.: 4.04

                       FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                             71










                                   ENIGHT ROAD PRAIRIE: QUANICASSEE WILDLIFE AREA


                 The Knight Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located approximately 100 meters inland of the Saginaw
                 Bay shoreline, in section eight of Hampton Township, Bay County. This two acre remnant is bordered by
                 old field, oak forest and roadways. Portions of the site have been damaged by oil. and gas drilling. The
                 most severe alterations have resulted from road construction and associated ditchmg. Tins site lies within
                 the boundaries of a lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes marsh, lakeplain oak opening complex that, prior to
                 European settlement, stretched from the mouth of the Saginaw I;Uver along the coast to the Wildfowl Bay
                 Islands and inland up to five miles.

                 The oak forest adjacent to the site is currently closed canopy, but with burning may revert to an oak
                 opening. This land is adjacent to residential sites which may complicate controlled burning program.

                 The lakeplain prairie lies behind the primary beach ridge on loamy sands of the Essexville Series. The
                 prairie is being shaded out by a thick growth of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) which is the
                 dominant species on the site. The open prairie section are dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon
                 gerardii), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), prairie cord grass (Sparfina pectinata), and a sedge (Carex
                 aquatifis). Other common prairie plaints include blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis), twig rush
                 (Cladium mariscoides), meadow sedge (Carex suicta), a spike rush (Eleocharis obtusum), grass leaved
                 goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum), Indian hemp
                 (Apocynum cannabinum), heath aster (Virgulus encoides), New England aster (V novae-angfiae),
                 strawberry (Fragana wrginiana), taU sunflower (Hehanthus giganteus), switch grass (Panicum Orgatum)
                 and Riddell's goldenrod (Sofidago Hddellii). Sixty two species have been observed on the site during two
                 visits. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 29.97, ranking it 29th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed.
                 The site's Wetness Coefficient is -1.5 (Fac+). No listed species have been observed on the site.

                 The prairie is Aacent to the Quanicassee Wildlife Area but occurs on private lands of Barbara and Sidney
                 Huges within the dedicated boundaries of the Wildlife Area. Lands to the south are open but degraded and
                 belong, in part to Consumers Power Company. Acquisition of a conservation easement or fee title
                 acquisiton of the prairie and adjacent lands is recommended. This site is in need of shrub removal and
                 would benefit from a schedule of controlled bums.
























                                                                        72













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                                                                                            Scale  1: 24,000

                 SITE: Knight Road

                 LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Bay County, Tl4N-R6E, Section 8

                 USGS QUADRANGLE: Bay City NE 4308367

                 COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                 ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 29.97 WET CO.: -1.5 Tf COEF. CONS.: 3.81

                 FQI= Floristic Quality In&x WET COFY. Average Webms CoefficiffA;. COEF. CONS. Average Coefficimt ofConservatiosm



                                                                      73










                                 CORYEON POINT PRAIRIE, QUANICASSEE WILDLIFE AREA


                Coryeon Point is located on the shore of Saginaw Bay, approximately 2.75 miles northwest of the mouth of
                the Quanicassee River, in the Quanicassee Wildlife Area. Lakeplain wet prairie occurs in five small
                portions of the site totaling approximately 13 acres. This site supported a Great Lakes marsh prior to
                European settlement. The marsh was part of a prairie, marsh, oak barrens complex that stretched from the
                mouth of the Saginaw River, north and east to the Wildfowl Bay Islands and extend from the coast inland
                from one half to six miles. 'Me prairie is sandwiched between Great Lakes Marsh and the primary beach
                ridge. Extensive diking and ditchmg, to prevent local flooding by lake waters, was conducted in 1987.
                This project has drastically altered the natural hydrology of the site. The prairie remnants appear to be
                declining and may not persist under current site conditions.

                Lakeplain wet prairie occurs in narrow bands along the base of the primary beach ridge. ne associated
                marsh is extensive and is dominated by narrow leaved cattail (Typha latifolia), soft stemmed bullrush
                (Scirpus validus) and reed canary grass (Phalans arundinecea). The sandy beach ridge supports swamp
                white oak (Quercus bicolor), black oak (Q. velutina), and Gray sternmed dogwood (Cornusfoemina).

                The small prairie fi-agments are dominated by prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata), blue-joint
                (Calamagrostis canadensis). The sites are bemg encroached on narrow leaved cattail, soft stemmed
                bullrush, sandbar willow (Salix exigua), purple loosestrife (Lysimachia salicaria) and other aquatic and
                weedy plants. Common herbs on the site include mountain mint (Pyenanthemum Wrginianum), silverweed
                (Potentilla ansenna), eastern lined aster (Aster lanceolatus), thimbleweed, (Anemone canadensis), marsh
                bells (Campanula aparinoides), and Canada goldenrod (Sofidago canadensis). The prairie rests on
                Essexville loamy sand with an A-horizon pH of 7-8. Thirty one plant species are noted from the site,
                apparently all from a single visit in 1980. Although the site has been subsequently visited no additional
                flora lists were constructed. The sites Floristic Quality Index is 26.58 which is 37th of 51 lakeplain prairie
                sites surveyed. The Wetness Coefficient is -2.7 (FacW).

                Cooper's milk vetch (Astragalus neglectus) a state special concern species has been collected on the sandy
                oak ridges of the site This species has not been noted on the site since August of 1979.

                All of the extant prairie is contained within the Quanicassee Wildlife Area. Private agricultural land lies
                inland of the flood control dikes. It is unlikely that this fragment will persist, however burning of the
                extant portions may be sufficient to allow the community to persist.

















                                                                      74























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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Scale 1:24:000


                                                SITE: Coryeon Point

                                                LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Bay Co. Tl4N-R6E Sec. 14

                                                USGS QUADRANGLE: Quanicassee 4308356

                                                COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        .............



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ....... ...











                                                ELEMENT RANK: D ... FQI: 26.58 WET CO.: -2.7                                                                                                                                COEF. CONS.: 4.77

                                                FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiom



                                                                                                                                                                                                   75










                               BRADLEYVILLE ROAD, PRAIRIE: FISH POINT WILDLIFE AREA


                 Bradle yville Road prairie is located along the shore of Saginaw Bay in Tuscola County. Segments of this
                 prairie complex lay along nearly 2.5 miles of coast from the end of Bradford Road in the southwest to
                 beyond the end of King Road in the northeast. The site includes approximately 40 acres of wet prairie and
                 wet-mesic prairie and up to an additional 100 acres of degraded prairie, shrub swamp and lowland
                 hardwood forest which may be restorable. The best prairie pockets in this complex occur in low swales
                 which run parallel to the coast between low, sandy beach ridges. The swales between 150 meters and 450
                 meters from the present coast line hold the highest quality prairie remnants. Portions of the inland edge of
                 the prairie complex have been converted to agriculture since Lake Huron levels have dropped from their
                 historical high levels in the mid 1980s.

                 Lakeplain prairie remnants occupy both the bottoms of the swales and the upland - wetland transitional
                 zone located at the base of the beach ridges. The intervening beach ridges are dominated by black oak
                 (Quercus velutina) and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) with an understory of mixed hardwoods and a ground
                 cover of false lily of the valley (Maianthemum canadensis), sweet cicely (0smorhiza claytoniana), and
                 Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica). Portions of the swales are dominated by red-osier dogwood
                 (Cornus stolonifiera), and silky dogwood (Cornus amomum). Other portions of the swales are dominated
                 by black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum).

                 The AB ranked lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is locally dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii),
                 Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans), prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata), and occasionally in upland
                 areas little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius). Common prairie forbs include New England aster (Virgulus
                 nova-angliae), heath aster (V ericoides), pasture thistle (Cirsium discolor), marsh blazing star (Liatris
                 spicata), strawberry (Fragaria iftiniana), silverweed (Potentilla anserina), Canada goldenrod (Solidago
                 canadensis), Ohio goldenrod (S. ohioensis), Riddell's goldenrod (S. riddellh), grass leaved goldenrod
                 (Euthamia graminifolia), and sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale). 'Me lakeplain wet prairie is doniinated
                 by blue-joint (Calamagrostis cananadensis) and prairie cord grass. One hundred and sixty two plant
                 species have been recorded from the site during seven surveys. The site Floristic Quality Index equals
                 59.22 which is third out of 51 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. This is the highest Floristic Quality Index
                 rating observed outside of Wayne County. The Wetness Coefficient for the entire site was -1.5 (FacW),
                 although wetter and dryer areas exist within the complex.

                 Notable plant occurrences on this site include a population of, state threatened, prairie Indian-plantain
                 (Cacalia plantaginea) consisting of approximately 90 individuals, and an occurrence of the state
                 threatened tall green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella).

                 The majority of this site lies within the Fish Point Wildlffe Area. However the eastern edge extends onto
                 seven, identified private ownership's and an unknown number of small camp lots. Acquisition of these
                 lands should be pursued in order to fully protect the highest quality lakeplain prairie site along the entire
                 Great Lakes shoreline. The most significant parcels are a 109.6 acre tract owned by Ralph D. Bayer et. al.
                 and a nine acre tract owned by 'V. J. et al." (Rockford Map Publishers, 1994). Both of these parcels he
                 in section 14 of Wisner Township (Tl4N-R6E) and are adjacent to the highest quality portions of the
                 lakeplain prairie complex.







                                                                      76










                  Management of the site should include bush removal, preferably via controlled bums and restoration of
                  natural hydrologic conditions by closing drains feeder drains on the property. The closure of drains should
                  be done slowly and vegetative responses closely monitored to ensure that does not revert to marsh instead
                  of prairie vegetation. Some minor drains surface drains were blocked in the spring of 1994 (MNFI in
                  prep.). Vegetative response to this small manipulation will provide the first indication of the soundness of
                  this approach. If large scale restoration of lakeplain prairie ever becomes feasible an expansion of this site,
                  within an area bounded by Kirk Road on the East, State Route 25 on the southeast and Gager Drive on the
                  west, may provide the most promising opportunity.
                                                                                                Scale 1:24,000






                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                          




                                                                                                                         


                  SITE: Bradleyville Road
                  LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Tuscola Co., Tl4N-R7E Sec. 11, 14 + 15
                  USGS QUADRANGLE: Quanicassee 4308356; Fish Point 4308365, Fairgrove 4308355
                  COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie, lakeplain wet-mesic prairie
                  ELEMENT RANK: AB FQI: 58.30 WET CO.: -1.5 X COEF. CONS.: 4.58
                       FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm





                                                                       77










                                      BAY PARK PRAIRIE; FISH POINT WILDLIFE AREA


                Bay Park lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located approximately 0.5 miles inland of the Saginaw Bay shore,
                200 meters south of the western end of Bay Park Road. The site is on private lands within the dedicated
                boundaries of the Fish Point Wildlife Area. Three to five acres of prairie are sandwiched between plowed
                fields and oak forest. Additional small prairie pockets, visible on 1978 aerial photography have been
                plowed.

                'Me beach ridges east and west of the prairie supports black oak (Quercus velutina), white oak (Q alba),
                buff oak (Q macrocarpa), round leaved service berry (Amelanchter sanguinea),and red ash (Froanus
                pensylvanica). The land to the north and south has been plowed.

                The prairie occurs on Soils of the Tappan loam series with a pH of 7.6 to 8.0. It is dominated by Indian
                grass (Sorgastrum nutans), little bluestern (Andropogon scoparius) and a sedge (Carex aquatilis).' Other
                common prairie plants include shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fiwticosa), red-osier dogwood (Cornus
                stolonifera), prairie dock (Silphium terebinthinacium), mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), tall
                goldenrod (Solidago alfissima), and northern bedstraw (Galium boreale). The site has a Floristic Quality
                Index of 35.29 which is 21st out of 51 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Fifty one species were recorded
                from the site during a single visit in 1982. 'Me Wetness Coefficient for the site is -0.7 (Fac+).

                The site supports a state threatened plant species prairie Indian-plantain (Cacalia plantaginea). The state
                threatened silphium borer moth (Papaipema silphii) has also been found on the site.

                'Me prairie lies on lands owned by Lucille and Clarence Lindenberg within the dedicated boundaries of the
                Fish Point Wildlife Area. Acquisition of the property should be pursued. Additional property within the
                dedicated wildlife area boundary, including portions of lands owned by Carl Eurich, Douglas and Betty
                Nixon, and Daniel E. and Eva J. Herman should also be pursued. These parcels plus an additional 40
                acres occupying the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section I would provide an adequate
                buffer for the extant prairie.






















                                                                    78



















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                                    THOMAS ROAD PRAIRIE: FISH POINT WILDLIFE AREA



                The Thomas Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Tuscola County, along the shore of Saginaw
                Bay, at the northern terminus of Thomas Road on the Fish Point peninsula. The site includes
                approximately six acres of natural prairie and 25 acres of prairie on lands with artificially manipulated
                water tables. The prairie is bordered by emergent marsh and dry sandy ridges. This site is a remnant of a
                lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes marsh, and lakeplain oak opening complex that, prior to European settlement
                extended from the mouth of Saginaw River in Bay County, north and east along Saginaw Bay to the
                Wildfowl Bay Islands in Huron County.

                Lakeplain prairie extends from the edge of standing water to the tops of low sand ridges, supporting both
                wedand and upland prairie species. The emergent marsh is dominated narrow leaved cattail (Typha
                angustifolia), sedges including: (Carex lacustris), (C. lasiocarpa), (C saicta), and (C hysteficina);
                spikerushes including (Eleochafis elliptica), (E. erythropoda), and (E. obiusa), bullrushes including hard
                stemmed bullrush (Scirpus acutus), and three square bullrush (Scirpus amenc-anus). The marsh prairie
                boarder is dominated by blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis) and a sedge (Carex stricta). The upland
                ridges support young bur oak (Quercus nwcrocarpa), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), and sand
                cherry (Prunus pumila). These beech ridges are more open, with a larger prairie component to the flora,
                than in other sites along Saginaw Bay.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass (Sorgastrum
                nutans), little bluestem (Andropogon scopa?!us), and switch grass (Panicum virgatum). Common prairie
                herbs and shrubs include shrubby cinquefoil (Potenfilla fruticosa), silverweed (P. anse?!na), purple
                gerardia (Agahnis purpurea), Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea), twig rush (Cladium ma?Iscoides),
                bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata), gray dogwood (Cornus foemina), strawberry (Fragapla
                iftiniana), tall sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), wild bergamont
                (Monarda fistulosa), mash wild Timothy grass (Muhlenbergia glomerata), common mountain mint
                (,Pycnanthemum virginianum), tall goldenrod (Solidago altisima), Ohio goldenrod (S. ohioensis) and false
                asphodel (Toefieldia glutinosa). The sites Floristic Quality Index is 40.88, ranking it 14th out of fifty one
                lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Ninety one species have been recorded during four site visits. The
                Wetness Coefficient for the site is -1.7 (FacW), this value includes species from both the marsh and upland
                portions of the site.

                No special plant species have been recorded within the wet-mesic prairie although the red legged spittle
                bug (Prosapia ignipectus), a state special concern insect is known from the site. Three state threatened
                plant species; prairie Indian plantain (Cacalia plantaginea), Sullivant's milkweed (Asclepias sullivantfi),
                and tall green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella) were collected on the peninsula near the end of the ninteenth
                century.

                The prairie is completly contained within the Fish Point Wildlife Area. Because the system is contained
                within lands managed by the Wildlife Division there is good potential to manage portions of the property
                for the expansion of the lakeplain prairie. Management should include monitoring of the natural water
                level fluctuations and monitoring plant commuity dynamics in areas with managed hydrology to detemiine
                if artificial hydrologic management could be made to favor prairie species.






                                                                      80





















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                                                                                                                        Scale 1:24,000


                          SITE:     Thomas Road Prairie


                          LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Tuscola Co. T15N-R8E

                          USGS QUADRANGLE: Fish Point 4308365

                          COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                          ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 40.88 WET CO.: -1.7                                      COEF. CONS.: 4.29

                          FQI= Floristic Quality Index WET COEF. = Average Wetland Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm












                                          BERGER ROAD: FISH POINT WILDLIFE AREA



                The Berger Road prairie includes both wet and wet-mesic portions and is located in Tuscola County, along
                the shore of Saginaw Bay, approximately 2.25 miles south of the mouth of the Sebewaing River. The
                prairie occupies shallow swales below low beach ridges and in some places covers portions of the beach
                ridges as well. The best remnants of this complex are AB- ranked lakeplain wet prairie covering 20-30
                acres, the lakeplain C-ranked wet-mesic prairie has been degraded or is a secondary prairie recolonizing
                disturbed lands. The wet mesic portion accounts for 5-15 acres. This remnant is part of an extensive
                lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes Marsh, and lakeplain oak opening complex that, prior to European
                settlement, reached from the mouth of the Saginaw River in Bay County, north and east to the Wildfowl
                Bay Islands in Huron County. Portions of the Berger Road site have been plowed but are reverting to
                native vegetation. Active management will be required to direct the natural succession of the site towards a
                prairie community instead of a mixed hardwood forest community.

                The highest quality prairie remnants occur in the fist and second swales inland from the shore. These
                prairie pockets are intermixed with Great Lakes marsh, wetland shrub and upland shrub communities. The
                marshes are dominated by hard stemmed buff rush (Scirpus acutus), narrow leaved cattail (Typha
                angustifolia), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundqinecea) and occasional pockets of feather grass
                (Phragmites australis). The wetland shrub communities are dominated by silky dogwood (Cornus
                amomum) and black ash (Fraxinus nigra), while the upland shrub zones are dominated by staghorn sumac
                (Rhus typhina) and gray sternmed dogwood (Cornus foemina). The quality of the prairie generally declines
                inland until agricultural land is encountered. This degraded zone contains many praine elements and may
                be the most likely site for a successful restoration project.

                The lakeplain wet prairie is dominated by blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis), meadow sedge (Carex
                stricta), and prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata). Other common components of the wet prairie include
                twig rush (Cladium mariscoides), three square bulrush (Scirpus americanus), hard stemmed bullrush (S.
                acutus), fringed gentian (Gentianopsis crinita), silverweed (Potentilla anserina), winged loosestrife
                (Lythrum alatum), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris), common
                arrow grass (Triglochin maritima), purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea), marsh blazing star (Liatris
                spicata), Kalm's St. John's wort (Hypericum kalmianum), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                graminifolia), and New England aster (Virgulus nova-angliae). The wet-mesic prairie was dominated by
                big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans), and beach grass (Ammophila
                breviligulata). Other common plants of the wet-mesic zone include wormwood (Artemisia campestris),
                strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), black eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), Riddell's goldenrod (Solidago
                riddellii), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum), shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruitcosa),
                tall sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), pale spiked lobelia (Lobelia
                spicata), butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), and ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius). The site is situated
                on Essexville loamy fine sands and Tappan loams. Soil pH ranges from 4.6 on the tops of sandy ridges to
                7.3 in wet swales. The swales may include a histic epipedon up to 20 cm. deep. The sites Floristic Quality
                Index is 40.17, ranking it 15th out of 51 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Eighty nine plant species have
                been recorded from the site during four visits. The sites average Wetness Coefficient is -2.3 (FacW-).








                                                                     82










                  The prairie currently covers approximately 15 acres but up to 80 acres of adjacent land represents one of
                  the best opportunities for prairie restoration in the state. The core prairie is not as high quality as is the
                  Bradleyville Road Prame, but the adjacent lands may be restorable with less effort than those lands
                  abutting the Bradleyville Prairies. All of the extant prairie and most of the restorable land is within the
                  Fish Point Wildlife Area, but a few parcels in the north east may also be restrorable. Refer to the
                  Sebewaing Railroad Prairie site for a discussion of these parcels. Primary management should include
                  brush removal, preferably via controlled burns and monitoring of local ground water levels.



                                                                                            
                                             

                  
															1:24,000
			SITE: Berger Road                                                           
                  LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Tuscola Co. TI5N-R8E Sec. 13.
                  USGS QUADRANGLE: Sebewaing     4308364
                  COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie; lakeplain wet-mesic prairie.
                  ELEMENT RANK B wet; C wet-mesic FQI: 40.17 WET CO.: -2.3 X COEF. CONS.: 4.26
                  FQI= Floristic Quality Index ; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm


                                                                       83












                               SEBEWAING RAILROAD PRAIRIE: FISH POINT WILDLIFE AREA



                The Sebewaing Railroad lakeplain wet prairie is located approximately 0.5 miles inland of Saginaw Bay
                and just under two miles south of the Sebewaing River. The prairie lies along the eastern boundary of the
                Fish Point Wildlife Area and is accessed via Berger Road. The site boarders the Tuscola-Huron County
                line. The prairie on this site is secondary, having recovered after being plowed for an undetermined length
                of time. This prairie is a 10 acre remnant of an extensive prairie that, prior to European settlement,
                extended along Saginaw Bay from the mouth of the Saginaw River in Bay County to the Wildfowl Bay
                Islands in Huron County and between one half and five miles inland.

                This lakeplain prairie is contained within the right of way of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.
                Improvements to the road bed in 1984 severely damaged this site. An additional problem has been the
                heavy application of herbicides. Ironically the former method of right-of-way brush control, burning,
                probably maintained the prairie up until the 1960s.

                The wet prairie is dominated by Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), blue-joint grass (Calamagrostis
                canadensis), and a sedge (Carex aquatilis). Other common prairie species include brown eyed Susan
                (Rudbeckia hirta), strawberry (Fragmia iftiniana), wild bergernot (Monarda fistulosa), big bluestern
                (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestern (Andropogon scoparius), bastard toadf lax (Comandra umbellata),
                fiinged closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsh), prairie dock (Silphium terebinthinaceum), marsh blazing star
                (Liatpis spicata) twig rush (Cladium mariscoides), shrubby St. John's wort (Hypepicum kalmianum), and
                shrubby cinquefoil (Potenfillafivicosa). The prairie is situated on loamy soils of the Tappan Series with
                a pH in the A horizon of 7.8 to 8.0. The site's Floristic Quality Index equals 40.33 ranking it l6th out of
                53 lakeplain prairie sites sampled. Eighty nine plant species have been noted on the site during two visits.
                Ile Wetness Coefficient for the site is -1.4 (Fac+).

                The state threatened tall green milkweed (Ascleptas hirtella) is found on this site.

                Portions of the Sebewaing Road prairie lie within the Fish Point Wildlife Area. The majority ownership is
                with the Chessie System Co. in form of a railroad right-of-way. The prairie also extends onto lands of the
                Krauss - Schwartz Company and of Victor Engelhardt. This site is closely associated with the Berger
                Road ste and the Sebewaing VFW site. Acquisition of the Krauss-Schwartz property would create a single
                management unit encompassing all three sites and large intervening areas with restoration potential. Mr.
                Krauss rejected inquiries conducted by The Nature Conservancy in the early 1980s. Acquisition is
                recommended for all properties lying north of Berger Road, West of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad and
                south of Sebewaing Road. If this land could be acquired it would create one of three lakeplain prairie sites
                with a good potential for long term viability and the ability to endure fluctuations in Great Lakes water
                levels. The other two sites are Bradleyville Road to the south and Gieger Road to the north.












                                                                      84





















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               SITE: Sebewaing Railroad

               LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Tuscola + Huron Co., Tl5N-R8E See 13, T15N-R9E Sec. 18

               USGS QUADRANGLE: Sebewaing 4308364

               COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

               ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 40.33 WET CO.: -1.4 1 COEF. CONS.: 4.48

                    FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                            85











                        SEBEWAING VFW AND AIRPORT PRAIRIE: FISH POINT WILDLIFE AREA



                The Sebewaing VFW and Airport site includes lakeplain wet prairie and lakeplain oak opening and is
                located along the shore of Saginaw Bay, approximately 0.8 miles south of the mouth of the Sebewaing
                River. The wet prairie and oak opening each cover approximately five acres. Most of the surrounding land
                is currently in active to agricultural use. Portions of wet prairie are within a grass runway of the
                Sebewaing Airport, although the best remnant stretches south along the lake shore. The extant prairie is a
                small remnant of an extensive lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes marsh, and lakeplain oak opening complex,
                that prior to European settlement, stretched from the mouth of the Saginaw River in Bay county north and
                east to the Wildfowl Bay Islands in Huron County.

                The remaining lakeplain prairie lies immediately adjacent to Great Lakes marsh and in a swale, inland of
                the primary beach ridge. 'Me marsh is dominated by narrow leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia) and hard
                stemnied bullrush (Scirpus acutus). Shrubby areas between the prairie and oak openings are dominated by
                silky dogwood (Comus amomum), diamond willow (Salix epiocephala), and blue leaf willow (S.
                myticoides). The oak opening is dominated by open grown bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and swamp
                white oak (Q. bicolor).

                The C-ranked lakeplain wet prairie is dominated by bluejoint grass (Calamagrosits canadensis) and a
                sedge (Carex aquatifts). Common prairie species include prairie cord grass (Sparfina pectinata), swamp
                milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), bastard toadflax (Commandra umbelata), sneezeweed (Helenium
                autumnale), common rock rose (Helianthemum canadense), shrubby cinquefoil (Potentillafiwticosa), pale
                spiked lobelia (Lobeha spicata), silverweed (Potentilla anse?ina), and Ohio goldenrod (Solidago
                ohioensis). The prairie occupies loamy sands in the Essexville Series and sands in the Pipestone Series.
                The soil pH ranges from 4.5 on top of the beach ridges to 8.0 in the wet swales. The site has a Floristic
                Quality Index of 33.88 ranking it 24th out of 52 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Sixty nine species have
                been observed during two site visits. The site, including both prairie and oak opening elements has a
                Wetness Coefficient of - 1. 1 (Fac+).

                The site straddles the northern edge of the designated boundaries of Fish Point Wildlife Area. All of the
                property is privately owned. The principle owner is the Krauss-Schwartz Company that holds 184 acres
                in T15NR8E, Section 12. Six other landowners own portions of the site. The most significant of these is
                the Sebewaing Municipal Airport Authority. Management of the oak opening and wet prairie fi-agments on
                the airport property would be consistent with the maintenance of the airport. Formal management
                agreements and conservation easements should be pursued on this parcel. Inquires into the acquisition of
                the Krauss-Schwartz property by The Nature Conservancy of Michigan, in the early 1980s, were rejected
                by Mr. Krauss. Acquisition of all open lands west of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, North of Berger
                Road and South of the Sebewaing Municipal Airport is recommended for the protection of this site.













                                                                    86






















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                    SITE: Sebewaing Airport

                    LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Huron Co., T15N-R9E Sec.7

                    USGS QUADRANGLE: Sebewaing 4308364

                    CONMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie; lakeplain oak opening

                    ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 33.88 WET CO.: -1. 1 X COEF. CONS.: 4.07

                    FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatioszn



                                                                                87











                         GIEGER ROAD LAKEPLAIN PRAIRIE: WILDFOWL BAY WILDLIFE AREA



                The Gieger Road prairie includes lakeplain wet-mesic prairie and lakeplain wet prairie, and is located in
                Huron County along the shores of Saginaw Bay in the lee of Valley Island. The site may be accessed via
                either Gieger Road on the south or Haist Road on the north. The prairie is located just inland of an
                extensive marsh in the bays behind Valley Island. The best prairie lies adjacent to the shore but degraded
                prairies are found behind the primary beach ridges. Much of the inland area appears to have been fhrmed
                at some time but is reverting to prairie vegetation. The Gieger Road lakeplain prairie is a 10-15 acre
                fi-agment of an large lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes Marsh, and lakeplain oak opening complex that, prior
                to European settlement, reached from the mouth of the Saginaw River in Bay County to the Wilffowl Bay
                Islands in Huron County and extended hqmd from one half to five miles.

                The adjacent marsh is dominated by narrow leaved cattail (Typha angustifiblia) hard stemmed buUrush
                (Scirpus acutus) and soft stemmed bullrush (S. validis). Inland and upland of the prairie is a mature forest
                supporting bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), black oak (Quercus velutina),
                and northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), with an understory of prickly ash (Zanthoxylum
                ameticanum). There are also areas of abandoned agricultural land that contain assemblages of prairie
                vegetation and, that if are properly managed, may be restored to prairie.

                The B-ranked wet prairie is dominated by sedges (Carex spp.), twig rush (Cladium mapiscoides), prairie
                cord grass (Sparfina pectinata), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), the exotic, Kentucky blue grass
                (Poa pratensis). Other common plant include shrubby cinquefoil (Potenfillaftuticosa), marsh blazing star
                (Liatris spicata), blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis)and Canada rush (Juncus canadensis). The C-
                ranked lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by shrubby cinquefoil, blue-joint and Indian grass
                (Sorgastrum nutans).       Other common species include, common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum
                Wrginianum), clasping dogbane (Apocynum sibeHcum), bastard toadflax (Commandra umbellata), spiked
                lobelia (Lobelia spicata), and strawberry (Fragafia Wrginiana). The site's Floristic Quality Index is
                50.34, ranking it sixth of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The prairie is located on loarn of the Tappan
                Series and loamy sands of the Essexville Series. The wet-mesic, prairie has a pH of 7.7 while the wet
                prairie has a pH of 8. 1. One hundred ten plant species have been noted during six visits to the site. The
                site's Wetness Coefficient equals -1.9 (FacW), this represents a composite of the lakeplain wet prairie and
                the lakeplain wet-mesic prairie.

                Gieger Road supports two state threatened plants, a BC ranked population of the prairie Indian plantain
                (Cacalia plantapnea) consisting of approximately 60 clumps and an AB ranked population of tall green
                milkweed (Asclepias hirtella) which may contain hundreds of stems.

                The Gieger Road Prairies site is in multiple ownership. The southwestern portion is owned by the
                Michigan DNR and is part of the Wildfowl Bay Wildlife Area. The northwestern portion is owned by the
                Michigan Nature Association. East of these properties the site is in private ownership, owned by Anna
                Horim, Efim Syter, F. Kuchta and north of Gleger Road, Art & Angeline Klass, and Norm & Florence
                Kuhl. Most of this land lies within the dedicated boundaries of the Wilffowl Bay Wildlife Area and
                acquisition should be pursued. This is one of the most promising sites along Saginaw Bay for the
                preservation of lakeplain prairie.






                                                                      88

















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                      LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Huron Co. T16N-R9E Sec. 15,21,+22.

                      USGSQUADRANGLE: BayPortWest 4308374

                      COMMUNITY TYPE(Sj:lakcplain wet prairie, lakeplain wet-mesic prairie.
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                      ELEMENT RANK: B we@ C wet-mesic FQI: 52.03 MTT CO.: -2.1 TCOEF. CONS.: 5.13

                      FQI= noristic Q"ity hidex; WET COEF. = Average Wetnen Coefficient. COEF. CONS.       Average Coefficierd ofConsmlaitiosrn



                                                                                       89












                                 WEALE ROAD PRAIRIE: WILDFOWL BAY WILDLIFE AREA



                Weale Road lakeplain wet prairie occurs approximately 0.5 miles inland from the shores of Saginaw Bay.
                The site lies just north of Shebeon Creek and runs north along the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad to Weale
                Road. This prairie has been highly degraded by herbiciding and other track maintenance. Only two or
                three acres of prairie are extant on the site but up to 25 acres may be restorable with proper management.
                At both the northern and southern segment of the site the prairie extents west off the railroad right-of-way
                and onto small private holdings. There may be additional prairie north of Weale Road. This remnant
                appears at the northeastern end of a lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes marsh, lakeplain oak opening complex
                that, prior to European settlement, extend from here south along the Saginaw Bay shoreline to the mouth
                of the Saginaw River and reached inland between one half mile and five miles.

                The prairie runs along the west side of the railroad tracks, primarily within the railroad right-of way. At
                both the north and south end the prairie extends westward onto private lands. Abandoned agricultural land
                along the right-of-way also supports some prairie vegetation and, with proper management, may be
                restored to prairie.

                The lakeplain wet prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and prairie cord grass
                (Spartina pectinata). Other common prairie plants include blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis), New
                England aster (Aster nova-anghea), red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), shrubby St. John's wort
                (Hypericum kalmii), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), silverweed (Potenfilla anserina), shrubby
                cinquefoil (P. jruficosa), and purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea). The prairie is situated on loamy soils of
                the Tappan series. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 37.47 ranking it 19th out of 53 lakeplain prairie
                sites surveyed. Sixty ei&t plant species have been identified at the site during three visits. The site's
                Wetness Coefficient equals -1.8 (FacW).

                A single, dead, Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) was found on the railroad tracks adjacent to the
                prairie. Also of note is the occurrence of a fossil bed of a free standing coral, Cylindrophyllum, which has
                been exposed by ditching along the railroad.

                The site is adjacent to lands of the Wildfowl Bay Wildlife Area but only a tiny portion of the prairie
                extends onto state owned lands. The majority of the prairie is within the ownership of the Chesapeake and
                Ohio Railroad (H&E RR ?). Portions of the prairie west of the right-of-way extend onto lands of J. & E.
                Katenko, Richard H. & Bonnie Abbott, and other small ownership. The site lies within the designated
                boundaries of the Wildfowl Bay Wildlife Area. Acquisition of the site is recomniended.
















                                                                     90
















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                     LOCATION: Saginaw Bay Region, Huron Co. T16N-R9E Sec. 14

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Bay Port West 4308374

                     COMMUN11Y TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

                     ELEMENT RANK D FQI: 37.47 WET CO.: -1.8                                   COEF. CONS.: 4.54
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                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF.   Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                     91















                                                   LONG LANE AIRSTRIP PRAIRIE



                The Lone Lane Airstrip prairie is located in St. Clair County, just under a mile west of the St. Clair River,
                along the Marine City Drain between Broadbridge Road and Robert's Road. This area is in abandoned
                agricultural fields but is reverting to a prairie flora. There are 10 to 15 acres of prairie vegetation on the
                site. Proper management could increase that total to as many as 45 acres. This prairie is a remnant of a
                lakeplain prairie, emergent marsh and lakeplain oak opening complex which, prior to European settlement,
                covered approximately 4,750 acres along the current Marine City Drain.

                The lakeplain prairie lies along the west side of a low ridge. The ridge runs north to south approximately
                300 to 600 meters east of Marsh Drain. The highest quality prairie occurs at the toe of the ridge where
                water seeps out of the ground. The soils on the site are sandy loam with a clay subsoil in the Wasepi'Series
                and clays in the Paulding Series. The seepage area includes section of both Wasepi and Paulding soils.
                The sandy layer of the Wasepi loam typically ranges from 18 to 40 inches deep but is highly variable of
                very short horizontal distances.

                The D-ranked wet-mesic prairie is dominated by blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis). Other common
                prairie plaints include grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), ironweed (Veronia missopica),
                heath aster (Virgulus e?icoides), Riddell's goldenrod (Solidago fiddellij), tall sunflower (Helianthus
                giganteus), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftiniana), and marsh blazing star (Liams spicata).
                The sites Floristic Quality Index is 23.86 ranking it 41st out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Thirty
                nine species were noted during a single visit. The sites Wetness Coefficient is 0.3 (Fac).

                Notable on the site is a population of the state threatened Sullivant's milkweed (Asclepias suffivanfii).
                Sullivant's milkweed occurs along the seepage zone, in the highest quality segment of the lakeplain prairie.

                All of the property on the site is privately owned. The core of the site is approximately three quarters of a
                mile north of Robert's Road and the northern boundary of Algonac State Park. Open land extends south to
                the park border. Because the site occurs on multiple private ownership it is unlikely that a meaningful
                management and protection arrangement could be implernented with out acquiring the property.
                Acquisition is therefore recommended. All of the subject parcels extend across the Marsh Drain. The
                prairie is restricted to the eastern shore of the drain. Acquisition of the lands east of the drain would
                provide protection of the extant prairie but acquisition of the lands on both sides of the drain would allow
                for more management options, both along this fi-agment as well as on sites, downstream, within Algonac
                State Park.


















                                                                      92


















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                        SITES: Long Lane Airstrip

                        LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T3N-RI6E Sections 23

                        USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                        COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                        ELEMENT RANK: D FQI: 23.86 WET CO.: 0.3 T COEF. CONS.: 3.82

                        FQI= Florhdic, Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiom



                                                                                                93











                                       BROADBRIDGE ROAD AND MARSH ROAD PRAIRIE



                The Broadbridge Road and Marsh Road prairie is located in St. Clair County, approximately 1.75 miles
                west of the St. Clair River. The site is on the northwest comer of the junction of Broadbridge Road and
                Marsh Road. This site is highly degraded with approximately one acre of extant prairie and five acres of
                restorable land. This site was formerly a go cart track. The one acre of prairie lies along the western edge
                of the track while the track itself may be restorable. To the west of the one acre prairie is a mature oak
                woodland. This fiagment was once part of a lakeplain prairie, emergent marsh, and lakeplain oak opening
                which covered over 4,750 acres along the current route of Marsh Dram.

                The oak woodland is dominated by black oak (Quercus velutina) with white oak (Q. alba) and bur oak (Q.
                macrocarpa) present. Also present in low pockets of the forest are red ash (Fradnus pensylvanica), pin
                oak (Quercus palusuis), and American elm (Umus amepicana). This oak forest may be restorable to
                lakeplain oak opening.

                The D-ranked lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by little bluestern (Andropogon scopa?ius), big
                bluestern (A. gerardii), and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie plants on the site
                include tall coreopsis (Coreopsis mpte?!s), marsh blazing star (Liaols spicata), pale spiked lobeha
                (Lobelia spicata), Canada rush (Juncus canadensis), Riddell's goldenrod (Solidago fiddelfti), heath aster
                (Virgulus ericoides), New England aster (Virgulus nova-anglica), ironweed (Vernonia missufica), and
                Culver's root (Veronicastrum iftinianum). The prairie is located on a soil complex comprised of sandy
                loam of the Allendale Series, silt loam of the Lenawee Series and silt-clay loam of the Toledo Series. Forty
                nine species were observed during a single visit. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 24.19 ranking it 40th
                out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site has a Wetness Coefficient of 0.5 (Fac).

                This site is situated on a single private ownership. The property, covering 42 acres, belongs to Joye
                Peterson et. al. The eastern 20 acres are the highest quality. This parcel is recommended as a low priority
                acquisition. Protecting it would help preserve a mosaic of prairie remnants but the site is among the two or
                three poorest quality remnants identified.






















                                                                     94













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                 SITE: Junction of Broadbridge Road and Marsh Road

                 LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T3N-R16E, Section 15

                 USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                 COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                 ELEMENT RANK:        D FQ1: 24.19 WET CO.: +05 TC COEF. CONS.: 3.76

                 FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosin



                                                                     95











                                ALGONAC BORROW PITS PRAIRIE: ALGONAC STATE PARK



                The Algonac borrow pits prairie is located in St. Clair county, approximately 1.5 miles west of the St.
                Clair River. The site is in the western portion of Algonac State Park, 100 meters east of Marsh Road.
                Access may be gained from a parking area 100 meters south of Swartout Road. This site includes
                approximately 10 acres of prairie located in shallow depressions on a low sandy ridge. Some of the
                depressions are natural and some have resulted from small scale sand mining. Prairie vegetation occurs in
                both natural and artificial depressions while the upland portion of the ridge supports an oak forest. This
                prairie is a remnant of a lakeplain prairie, emergent marsh and lakeplain oak opening complex that, prior to
                European settlement covered over 4,750 acres.

                The surrounding oak forest is dominated black oak (Quercus velutina) and white oak (Quercus alba) with
                red maple (Acer rubrum), sassafi-as (Sassa
                                                          .fras albidum) and black cherry (Prunus serotina) also common.
                The shrub layer was dominated by black cherry, red maple and American hazelnut (Corylus amencana)
                with a ground cover dominated by the sedge (Carex pensylvanica), low bush blueberry (Vaccinium
                angustifolium) and bracken fern (Ptefidium aquilinum).

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is doniinated by little bluestem. (Andropogon scopaiius) and switch grass
                (Panicum iftatum). Other plants include common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), bush
                clover (Lespedeza capitata), coninion polygala (Polygala sanguinia), colic root (Alems fannosa), heath
                aster (Virgulus e?!coides), sedges (Carex muhlenbergia) and (C. aurea), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis
                triptens), marsh blazing star (Liams spicata), and the grass pink orchid (Calopogon tuberosus). The
                prairie lies on fine sands of the Rousseau, Deford and Wainola Series. The site's Floristic Quality Index is
                42.96 ranking it 13th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Ninety plant species have been recorded
                from the site during five visits. The site's Wetness Coefficient is -0. 1 (Fac).

                This prairie fragment contains more special plant species than any other fi-agment outside of Wayne
                County. Four state thi-eatened species and three state special concern species have been recorded from the
                site. Most significant among the threatened species is the only record of Gattinger's gerardia (Agalinis
                gatfingefi) to have been found in Michigan since 1935 and only four occurrence ever recorded from the
                state The other threatened species are, a three awned grass (Ansfida longespica), short-fruited rush
                (Juncus brachycarpus), and seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia). The special concern species include dwarf
                bulrush (Hemicarpha micrantha), gentian leaved St. John's wort (Hypeficum gentianoides), and an tall
                nut rush (Scleria tiiglomerata).

                This site is completely contained within the Algonac State Park. The prairie is located near the western,
                foot only access to the park. It may be advisable to relocate this entrance in order to avoid excessive
                trampling of the site. Periodic controlled burns should also be conducted on the site. Because this site is
                near the park boundaries and residential properties these burns should be kept small.











                                                                     96















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                     SITE: Algonac Borrow Pits

                     LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T3N-Rl6E, Section 27

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                     CON04UNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie
                                           an :7--










                     ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 4 1.00 WET CO.: -0. 1                                 COEF. CONS.: 4.32

                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. Average Wetness Coefficient, COEF. CONS. Average Coefficient ofConservatiosin



                                                                                   97











                                ALGONAC SOUTH DRAIN PRAIRIE: ALGONAC STATE PARK



                The Algonac South Drain site is a wet-mesic prairie, located in St. C1 air County approximately 1.5 miles
                west of the St. Clair River. The site is within Algonac State Park. Within the park it is located
                approximately 30 meters south and 100 meters east of the eastern end of Benoit Road. The prairie covers
                approximately 25 acres sandwiched between 85 acres of oak openings on the west and Marsh Drain on the
                east. Portions of the prairie and oak openings may have been plowed for a short period but the most
                significant alteration to the community systeni has been the construction and maintenance of Marsh Drain
                which has lowered the water table in the area. This prairie is a remnant of a prairie, emergent marsh, and
                oak opening that, prior to European settlement, covered approximately 4,750 acres along the current route
                of Marsh Drain.


                The oak opening is dominated by black oak (Quercus velutina) and white oak (Q. alba) with black cherry
                (Prunus serotina), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), red maple (Acer rubrum), and shagbark hickory*(Carya
                ovata). Non-prairie lands along Marsh Drain include lowland swamp forest dominated by American elm
                (Ulmus amepicana), red ash (Froxinus pensylvanica), and sycamore (Platanus occideniahs) and lowland
                shrub dominated by red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), silky dogwood (C amomum) and Morrow's
                honey suckle (Lonicera morrowi).

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), and Indian grass
                (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie plants include common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum
                Wrginianum), heath aster (Virgulus eyicoides), New England aster (Virgulus nova-anghea), shrubby St.
                John's wort (Hypericum kalmii), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis triptepis),
                fringed closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsii), ironweed (Vernonia missupica), tall sunflower (Helianthus
                giganteus), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), Riddell's goldenrod (S riddelfti), Culver's root
                (Veronicastrum iftinicum), and switch grass (Panicum Wrgatum). The prairie occurs on sandy loarn of
                the Wasapi Series, clay subsoil variant while the oak opening occurs primarily on fine sands in the Wainola
                and Deford Series. The prairie soil pH averages 8.0 while that of the oak opening is 4.4 to 4.8. The sites
                Floristic Quality Index is 47.66 ranking it eighth out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. One hundred
                twenty six species have been noted from the site during six visits. The site's composite Wetness
                Coefficient equals -0.2 (Fac).

                Notable occurrences in this community include Skinner's gerardia which is a candidate for federal listing
                (C2) and is threatened in Michigan. This site was the first recorded Michigan location for this species
                where it was first observed in 1988. Three unconfirmed reports of Skinner's gerardia have been submitted
                but Algonac remains the only confirmed location. Also found on the site is Sullivant's milkweed
                (Asclepias sulfivantii).

                No additional acquisition has been identified which would enhance this fragment.              Experimental
                enhancement via pfescribed, controlled burns are being implemented in conjunction with a vegetation and
                ground water monitoring program (MNFI in prep.). Continued management and monitoring should be
                conducted on this site











                                                                    98











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                                                   SITE: Algonac, South Drain

                                                   LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T3N-Rl6E, Section 34

                                                   USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                                                   COMMUNTTY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                                                   ELEMENT RANK: BC FQL 47.66 WET CO.: -0.2 Tf COEF. CONS.: 4.25

                                                   FQI= Florisfic Q"4 hOex; WET COEF. = Average Wetnem Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservafiom



                                                                                                                                                                                                          99











                                ALGONAC JANKOW ROAD PRAIRIE: ALGONAC STATE PARK



                The Algonac Jankow Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County approximately one
                mile west of the St. Clair River. The site is 300 - 350 meters north of Jankow Road and 300 - 750 meters
                east of Marsh Road. 'Me site lies near the southern boundary of Algonac; State Park. Only a small portion
                of the prairie lies within the park boundaries. The prairie occupies about 15 acres that with proper
                management may be expanded to over 50 acres. This remnant is part of a lakeplain prairie, emergent
                marsh, lakeplain oak opening complex that, prior to European settlement, covered over 4,750 acres along
                the current course of Marsh Drain.


                The prairie occupies gently sloping land between an upland oak forest and a lowland hardwood forest.
                Additional areas of low quality, secondary prairie occur in abandoned agricultural lands and small pockets
                of wet prairie may be found in portions of young lowland hardwood forest. The oak forest is dominated by
                black oak (Quercus velutina), and white oak (Q. alba), with swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), black cherry
                (Prunus serofina) and sassaftas (Sassafras albidum). The lowland hardwood forest included red maple
                (Acer rubrum), sugar maple (A. saccharum), red ash (Frodnus pensylvanica), American elm. (Umus
                americana) and pin oak (Quercus palustris).

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by little bluestern (Andropogon scoparius), big bluestern (A.
                gerardfi) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common plants include colic root (Aletris
                farinosa), swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), butterfly weed (A. tuberosa), heath aster (Virgulus
                eficoides), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis mptefis), strawberry (Fraxinus orginiana), marsh blazing star
                (Lianis spicata), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), grass leaved goldenrod
                (Euthamia graminifolia), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), Riddell's goldenrod (S. riddellfi), and
                ironweed (Vernonia missufica). Ninety five species have been recorded during two visits to the site. The
                prairie lies on a mosaic of soils including fine sands in the Rousseau, Wasepi and Deford Series, loamy fine
                sands in the Wainola series and sandy lown in the Wasepi Series, clay subsoil variant. The site's Floristic
                Quality Index is 37.55, ranking it l7th out of 53 lakephtin prairie sites surveyed. The site's Wetness
                Coefficient equals -0.3 (Fac).

                Two special plant populations were observed on the site. Fffteen stems of the    'state threatened Sullivant's
                milkweed (Asclepias sullivanw) and a large healthy population of state special concern tall nut rush
                (Sclepia Mglomerata). In addition the red legged spittlebug (Prosapia ignipectus), a state special concern
                insect has been collected from the site.

                The majority of the lakeplain prairie and the special plant species occur outside of the park boundaries.
                The prairie lies on private lands of Charles Polito (32 acres) and Clifford P. Cox (50 acres), Mr. Polito
                offered his land to the DNR Parks Division in 1993. Parks Division passed on the offer because the land
                did not he within the dedicated boundaries of the park. Efforts should be made to acquire both of these
                parcels. Acquisition of this site would allow it to managed in conjunction with the Algonac South Drain
                Prairie providing a larger more viable community.










                                                                     100















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                SITE: Algonac Jankow Road

                LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T3N-Rl6E, Section 34

                USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                CON04UNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 37.55 WET CO.: -0.5 T COEF. CONS.: 3.85

                FQI= Floristic Qudity Index; WET COEF. = Avmge Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Avaage Coefficient of Conservatiosm



                                                              101











                                                        STONE ROAD PRAIRIE



                The Stone Road lakeplain mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County, approximately 1.75 miles west of the
                St. Clair River,, approximately 0.5 miles northwest of the junction of Stone Road and Marsh Road, on the
                north side of Stone Road. This site has only been identified from the roadside and has not received an on
                site survey. This 15 acre site is a remnant of a lakeplain prairie, emergent marsh, and lakeplain oak
                opening complex that, prior to European settlement, covered over 4,750 acres.

                The observed prairie is drier than known prairies in the St. Clair River Delta and deserves ftuffier
                investigation. This type of habitat is similar to habitat containing the state endangered few flowered nut
                rush (Scleria pauciflora) in Wayne Co. There is a historical collection of this species from this township.
                The ownership is unknown and is listed as small tracks in the 1990 plat book (Rockford Map Publishers
                1990).

                Permission should be sought to survey this site. Acquisition would protect another small fi-agment of the
                lakeplain prairie mosaic in this region.



                                                        FIELD ROAD PRAIRIE


                The Field Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County approximately 2.25 miles east of
                the St. Clair River. The site is on the west side of Field Road approximately 200 meters south of the
                junction of Field Road and Marsh Road. The prairie covers five to ten acres of a 30 acre parcel. Portions
                of the site have had sand mined from them and remain sparsely vegetated. Other portions have reverted to
                shrub and aspen forest. This site is located on land that, prior to European settlement, was covered with a
                mixed hardwood forest but is only 100 meters from lands that were described as lakeplain oak opening.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by little bluestern (Andropogon scopayius) and broom sedge (A.
                Wrginicus). Other common plants include colic root (Aletris fannosa), big bluestern (Andropogon
                gerardfi), New England aster (Virgulus nova-angliae), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis uiptepis), bush clover
                (Desmodium canadense), strawberry (Fragmia Wrginica), purple gerardia (Agaftnis pur rea),
                                                                                                                    ,pu
                sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), and Indian grass
                (Sorghastrum nutans). The site lies on fine sands of the Rousseau Series. The site's Floristic Quality
                Index is 28.34 ranking it 34th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Forty eight plant species were
                noted on the site during a single visit. The site's Wetness Coefficient equals +0.5 (Fac).

                Special plants on this site include a small population of the state special concern tall nut rush (Sclerla
                tnglomerata) and the state threatened seedbox (Ludwigra altemifolia).

                This prairie lies in a 30 acre, private parcel owned by James and Sharon Stiltner. The parcel was marked
                as for sale by owner in the autumn of 1994. Acquisition of this parcel would provide another fi-agment of
                prairie between the two largest prairie sites in the region, St. John's Marsh Prairie and the Algonac, State
                Park Prairies. Preservation of the small fi-agments between these sites may aid in the preservation of
                healthy genetic pool by facilitating migration among the remnants.






                                                                    102




















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                      SnES: Stone Road (1) and Field Road (2)

                      LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T2N-Rl6E, Section 4
                                                                                                T3N-Rl6E, Section 33
                      USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                      COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakephtin wet-mesic prairie, lakeplain mesic prairie

                      ELEMENT RANK (1): D FQI: NA WET CO.: NA Tf COEF. CONS.: NA
                      ELEMENT RAND (2): CD FQI: 28.34 WET CO.: +0.5 1 COEF. CONS.: 4. 10
                      FQI= Floristic Quality Index; VVET COEF.   Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                        103











                                                        FOLIKERT ROAD PRAIRIE



                 The Folkert Road lakeplain wct-mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County approximately 0.5 mile north of
                 the North Channel of the St. Clair River Delta. It lies at the junction of Folkert Road and an unnamed
                 drain. This prairie is a remnant of a lakeplain prairie that, prior to European settlement, covered over
                 3,500 acres.

                 This site has been described from the road side and has not received a site visit. It appears to be a
                 secondary prairie that is highly disturbed. Its potential value lies in providing another dispersal fi-agment to
                 the mosaic of prairie fi-agments in the region.

                 The properties are privately owned, with prairie occurring on lands of F. Gregos west of Folkert Road and
                 S. Raymond east of Folkert Road. More research is needed before recommendations can be made for this
                 site.



                                                         PHELPS ROAD PRAIRIE



                 The Phelps Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County approximately three miles east
                 of the shore of Bouvier Bay in Lake St. Clair and one half mile north of the North Channel of the St. Clair
                 River Delta. This site was only observed from the road side. It consists of a one to five acre opening in an
                 oak forest. This site is a remnant of a lakeplain prairie that, prior to European settlement, covered over
                 3,500 acres.

                 The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum
                 nutans). Other common plants include tall coreopsis (Coreopsis Mpteris), Cynthia (KPIgia biflora), pale
                 spiked lobelia (Lobefia spicata), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), and golden
                 Alexanders (Zizia aurea). 'Me site lies on fine sands of the Wainola and Deford Series. Twenty nine plant
                 species were noted from the site. The Floristic Quality Index is 21.18 ranking it 46th out of the 53
                 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. It is likely that an on site review would result in a higher rating for this
                 site. The Wetness Coefficient equals 0.4 (Fac-).

                 This site is located across Phelps Road from the western boundary of the St. John's Marsh Managed
                 Hunting Area, part of the St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area.. Ownership has not been determined.
















                                                                       104











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                    SITES: Folkert Road (1) and Phelps Road (2)

                    LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair County, T2N-Rl6E, Section 5
                                                                                        T3N-Rl6E, Section 31
                    USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                    COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                    ELEMENT RANK (1): D FQI: NA WET CO.: NA T COEF. CONS.: NA
                    ELEMENT RANK (2): D FQI: 21.18 WET CO.: +0.4 Tf COEF. CONS.: 4.15
                    FQI= Flofisfic QuaW Index; WET COEF. = Avane Webmw Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Avemp Coefficient ofConservafimm



                                                                                 105










                    ST. JOHN'S MARSH PRAIRIE: ST. JOHN'S MARSH MANAGED HUNTING AREA; ST.
                                                    CLAIR FLATS WILDLIFE AREA



                The St. John's Marsh lakeplain wet prairie is located in St. Clair County along the Shores of Bouvier Bay
                in Lake St. Clair. 'Ibe site lies inland of an extensive Great Lakes marsh and is bordered inland by oak
                forest. The prairie covers approximately 60 acres and there are up to 225 acres of land which may be
                managed for prairie vegetation. Ile extent of prairie has been reduced by residential housing development
                in its southeast comer. The hydrology of the site has been altered by drains and road construction but
                appears to be directly dependent on fluctuations in the water level of Lake St. Clair. This site is a remnant
                of a prairie that, prior to European settlement, covered over 3,500 acres.

                This BC-ranked prairie occurs along the eastern edge of an extensive Great Lakes marsh. The two
                communities form a mosaic with dogwood (Cornus spp.) shrub wetlands. The marsh is dominated by
                narrow leaved cattail (Typha angusti/blia), with hard sternmed bulrush (Scirpus acutus), soft stemmed
                bulmsh (S. validus), blue cattail (Typha glauca), mermaid weed (Proserpinaca palustris), and the weedy
                feather grass (Phragmites austrahs). The oak forest is dominated by black oak (Quercus velutina), with
                bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) and pin oak (Q. palustris) also present.

                The prairie is restricted to the wet end of its potential with upland portions having reverted to forest or been
                converted to housing. The prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), Indian grass
                (Sorghastrum nutans), and blue-joint (Calantagrostis canadensis). Other common prairie species include
                dogbane (Apocynum sibiricum), sedges (Carex aurea) and (C aquatilis), strawberry (Fragaria
                iftimana), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum), tall goldenrod (Solidago alfissinw),
                Ohio goldenrod (S. ohioensis), ironweed (Vernonia missurica), Culver's root (Veronicastrum iftinicum),
                marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), field thistle (Cirsium discolor), wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa),
                swamp candle (Lysimachia terrestris) and giant evening primrose (Oenothera pilosella). The prairie lies
                on very fine sandy loam in the Sanilac Series and fine sandy loam of the Bach Series. The pH of the soil
                ranges from 7.2 to 8.0. The Floristic Quality Index equals 45.77 ranking the site seventh out of 53
                lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. One hundred and seventy three plant species have been noted from the site
                during at least eight visits. The site has Wetness Coefficient of -1.2 (Fac+).

                The prairie includes the state threatened Sullivant's milkweed (Asclepias sullivantii) and of the state
                threatened small white lady slipper orchid (Cypripedium candidum).

                The prairie is completely contained within the St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area. Some bum management has
                been conducted on the site and should be pursued. No monitoring stations have been established on the site
                to document the effects of burning. Monitoring should be implemented. Any undeveloped land in the
                southwest comer of the site should be acquired to maximize the potential prairie habitat.













                                                                      106









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                     SITE: St. John's Marsh


                     LOCATION: St. C4air Delta Subregion, St. Clair Co. T2N-R16E

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Marine City 4208265

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

                     ELEMENT RANK: BC FQI: 45.77 WET CO.: -1.2 X COEF. CONS.: 3.48

                     FQI= Floristic Q"ity Index; WET COEF. = Avmge Webuw Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = AverAge Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                     107










                                      DICKENSON ISLAND PRAIRIE; DICKENSON ISLAND:
                                                 ST. CLAIR FLATS WILDLIFE AREA



                The Dickenson Island lakeplain wet prairie is located on Dickenson Island in St. Clair County. The site
                consists of five small fragments, of two to five acres each, that lie between 0.25 and 0.75 mileS west of the
                Nfiddle Channel of the St. Clair River Delta. Much of original prairie has reverted to oak forest with large
                bur oaks (Quercus macrocarpa), swamp white oaks (Q. bicolor), and pin oaks (Q. palustils) in the
                canopy. Other areas are currently covered by gray dogwood (Cornusfoemina). This site is a remnant of a
                prairie which covered over 350 acres of the island prior to European settlement.

                The wet prairie is dominated by blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis), prairie cord grass (Spartina
                pectinata), and meadow sedge (Carex stricta). Other common prairie vegetation includes a sedge (Carex
                bebbji), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminffolia), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum
                Wrginjanum), strawberry (Fragaria Wrginiana), black eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), silverweed
                (Potentilla ansepina), pale spiked lobelia (Lobelia spicata), and marsh bells (Campanuld apaHnoides).
                The prairie lies on very fine sandy loam of the Sanilac Series with a pH of 7.4. Seventy nine species have
                been recorded from the site during three visits. The Floristic Quality Index equals 33.98 ranking the site
                26th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site's Wetness Coefficient is -2.0 (FacW).

                This site is contained within the St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area. Without active fire management of the site it
                is unlikely that the remaining, small prairie fi-agments will persist.































                                                                     108
















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                                     SITE: Dickensen Island


                                     LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair Co., T2N-Rl5E, French Claims

                                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Algonac; 4208255

                                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

                                     ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 32.98 WET CO.: -2.0                                                                                        COEF. CONS.: 3.82

                                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                                                                              109










                                         NUDDLE CHANNEL PRAIRIE; HARSONS ISLAND


                The Nfiddle Channel lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County, on Harson's Island,
                approximately 150 meters east of the Nfiddle Channel of the St. Clair River Delta. This prairie on this site
                is contained with in a golf course and &irways have reduced it on all sides. In earlier lakeplain prairie
                surveys this site was described as the best remnant in Nfichigan. Improvements to the golf course, since the
                prairie's first description in 1961, and subsequent discoveries of other lakeplain prairie sites have greatly
                reduced the quality ranking for this site. Four acres of prairie habitat remain however a roadside
                observation indicated that much of this has shrubbed in and is in need of a controlled bum. An additional
                small fragment of prairie exists to the south-southwest along the border of the country club property. This
                site is a remnant of nearly 3,000 acres of prairie that occurred on Harson's Island prior to European
                settlement.


                The prairie is dominated by blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii),
                and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common plants include heath aster (Virgulus ericoides),
                New England aster (Aster nova-anghea), fleabane (Engeron philadelphicus), marsh blazing star (Liaths
                spicata), switch grass (Panicum iftatum), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), sedges including (Cares
                crawei), (C. aurea), (C. burbaumii), (C. aquatifts), and (C. tetanica), spikerush (Eleocharis elliptica),
                strawberry (Fragana wrginiana), silverweed (Potentilla ansenna), and Le Conte's violet (Viola affinis).
                The prairie fies on very fine sandy loam in the Sanilac Series with a pH of 7.8 to 8.0. The site has a
                Floristic Quality Index of 45.42 ranking it ninth out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Ninety six plant
                species have been recorded from the site during at least five visits. IMe site has a Wetness Coefficient of -
                1.5 (Fac+).

                This site contains one special Nfichigan plant species. The state threatened Suffivant's milkweed (Asclepias
                sullivantii). Another four species listed in Nfichigan are known to have occurred within this prairie. The
                state special concern tall nut rush (Sclena triglomerata) was recorded in 1904 and then again in 1966 but
                has not been observed since. State threatened Leiberg's panic grass (Panicum leibergii) was collected in
                1899 then again in 1961 but has not been seen since. Two plants now believed to be extinct in Nfichigan,
                the chestnut sedge (Fimbristylis puberula) (collected in 1904), and pink milkwort (Polygala incarnata)
                (collected in 1896) were also collected within the presettlement boarders of this prairie.

                Conversations with the managers of the country club have previously been conducted to promote the proper
                management of this site. Some controlled burns have been conducted during the last two decades.
                Communications should be reestablished and management encouraged. There are also small prairie
                fragments on the parcel south of the golf course. This parcel was for sale in the autumn of 1994.
                Acquisition of this parcel, which abuts the St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area should be pursued and prairie
                restoration attempted on the site. This site has more historical data then has been found for other prairie
                fi-agments in the state.












                                                                     110
















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                    SITE: Middle Channel Golf Course


                    LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair Co., Harsens Island, T2N-R16E, French Claims

                    USGS QUADRANGLE: Algonac 4208255

                    COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                    ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 45.42 WET CO.: -1.5 T COEF. CONS.: 4.64

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                                    HARSENS ISLAND SCHOOL PRAIRIE; HARSENS ISLAND


                The Harsens Island School lakeplain wet prairie is located in St. Clair County on Harsens Island. The site
                is approximately one mile south of the North Channel of the St. Clair River Delta along the Harsens Island
                Drain, on the northeast comer of the junction of Columbine Road and La Croix Road. There is a mature
                oak forest across Columbine Road to the west and marsh along the Harsens Island Drain to the east. The
                prairie wraps around the Hamm Island School with the best quality portion being north of the school.
                This site is a remnant of the Harsens Island prairie and grasslands that, prior to European settlement,
                covered over 2,800 acres.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by little bluestern (Andropogon scoparius), big bluestern (A. gerardii),
                Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), and a sedge (Carer aquatifis). Other common prairie species include
                dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), heath aster (Virgulus ericoides), a spikerush (Eleocharis ellipfica),
                fringed closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsii), sneeze. weed (Helenium autumnale), marsh blazing star
                (Liatris spicata), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum), Canada goldenrod (Solidago
                canadensis), Ohio goldenrod (S. ohioensis), Riddell's goldenrod (S. fiddelld), and grass leaved goldenrod
                (Euthamia graminifolia). The prairie lies on fine sandy loam of the Sanilac and Bach Series. The sites
                Floristic Quality Index is 29.05 ranking it 29th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site Wetness
                Coefficient is -1.3 (Fac+).

                Unique features of the site include small population of the state threatened Sullivant's milkweed (Asclepias
                sulfivantii).

                This site occurs on a single private ownership. In the fall of 1994 there was an old for sale sign on the
                southern portion of the property. Acquisition of this site is recommended. Because the site is adjacent to a
                grammar school it should also be expected to be used as a teaching tool. Additional prairie fi-agments may
                persist on the east side of the Harsens Island Drain. Surveys should be conducted in this area.

























                                                                     112
















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                     SITE: Harsens Island School


                     LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair Co., Harsens Island, T2N-Rl6E, French Cl

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Algonac 4208255

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                     ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 29.05 WET CO.: -1.3                                            COEF. CONS.: 3.75

                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosin



                                                                                         113










                                  VOLIKES ROAD NORTHWEST PRAIRIE; HARSENS ISLAND:
                                                  ST. CLAIR FLATS WILDLIFE AREA



                The Volkes Road Northwest lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in St. Clair County, on Harson's Island.
                The site sits approximately one mile west-northwest of the South Channel of the St. Clair River Delta and
                0.25 miles east of the junction of Columbine Road and Volkes Road. The site consists of approximately 15
                acres of lush secondary prairie. Extensive drainage in the immediate vicinity has undoubtedly altered the
                site. This remnant is part of the Harson's Island prairie and grasslands that, prior to European settlement,
                covered over 2,800 acres.

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestern (A.
                scoparius), and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) which form a lush mass of grasses up to six or seven
                feet tall. The diversity of this site is somewhat lower than other lakeplain prairie remnants but common
                prairie species include heath aster (Firgulus ericoides), pasture thistle (Cirsium discolor), purple gerardia
                (Agahnis purpurea), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), Canada
                goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), Riddell's goldenrod (S. riddelfti), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                canadensis), prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata) and common gerardia (Agalinis tenuifolia). The
                prairie lies on very fine sandy loam in the Sanilac Series. Thirty three species were noted during one half
                hour of survey. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 24.37 ranking it 43rd out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites
                surveyed. The Wetness Coefficient equals -1.2 (Fac+).

                No special species were observed on the site. The most notable feature was the density and vigor of the
                prairie grasses.

                The site abuts the St. Clair Flats Wildlife area on the west, south and east. To the north the site grades into
                a dense expanse of the adventive, feather grass (Phragmites australis). The land to the north has also been
                identified as a toxic dump sites where paints had been dumped. A clean up of the site has been conducted
                the results of which are not known. It is recommended that this site be purchased and added to the St. Clair
                Flats Wildlife Area. A regime of bum management should then be conducted. The possibility of restoring
                the natural hydrology of the site should also be investigated.






















                                                                     114







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                        SITE: Volkes Road Northwest


                        LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair Co., Harsens Island, T2N-R16E, French Claims

                        USGS QUADRANGLE: Algonac 4208255

                        COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                        ELEMENT RANK: CD FQI: 24.37 WET CO.: -1.2 -7 COEF. CONS.: 4.24

                        FQI= Floristic QLWity Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosin



                                                                                              115










                                  VOLKES ROAD SOUTHEAST PRAIRIE; HARSON'S ISLAND:
                                                 ST. CLAIR FLATS WILDLIFE AREA



                Ile Volkes Road Southeast lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located on Harson's Island in St. Clair County.
                The site is 0.5 mile northwest of the South Channel of the St. Clair River Delta, south of Volkes Road,
                0.25 mile west-northwest of the junction of Volkes Road and Mchigan Route 154. "Me prairie persists in a
                narrow wedge of land between the road and a dike and dram complex surrounding MDNR, Wildlife
                Division, corn fields. The prairie is secondary, occurring on abandoned agricultural lands. The hydrology
                of the site appears to have been severely altered by drainage resulting in the current water table being much
                below historical water tables. This site is a 10 acre remnant of the Harson's Islands prairies and grasslands
                which, prior to European settlement covered over 2,800 acres.

                The prairie is dominated by prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata) with big bluestem (Andropogon
                gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) dominant in small pockets. 'Me prairie is being rapidly
                overgrown by gray stemmed dogwood (Cornusfoemina) and red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). The
                shrub growth is posing a serious threat to the viability of prairie on this site. Remedial management
                should be undertaken immediately Other common plants include blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis),
                strawberry (Fraga?Ia wrginiana), switch grass (Panicum Wrgatum), silverweed (Potentilla anserina),
                common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima), grass leaved
                goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), and ironweed (Vernonia misswira). The prairie lies on very fine
                sandy loarn of the Sanilac Series. The sites Floristic Quality index is 30.46, ranking it 27th out of 53
                lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Fifty eight species have been recorded from the site during three visits.
                The site's Wetness Coefficient is -1.3(Fac+).

                Notable on this site contains an AB-ranke     d population of the state threatened Sullivant's milkweed
                (Asclepias sullivandi). Up to 470 individual stems have been counted on this site but only 25 were
                observed in 1994. This population is probably suffering from shading by the lush dogwood growth.

                The site is contained on lands of the St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area. Active management is needed on this
                site if the prairie is going to persist.





















                                                                     116
















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                     SITE: Volkes Road Southeast


                     LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St Clair Co., Harsens Island, T2N-Rl6E, French Claims

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Algonac 4208255

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                     ELEMENT RANK: D FQI: 30.28 WET CO.: -1.3                                        COEF. CONS.: 4.00

                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservaliosm



                                                                                       117










                                          LA CROIX ROAD PRAIRIE; HARSON'S ISLAND


                The La Croix Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located on Harson's Island in St. Clair County. The site
                is just under 0.5 mile west of the South Channel of the St. Clair River Delta on the northwest comer of the
                junction of La Croix Road and Green Road. The site has been noted from the road side but has not
                received an on site investigation. This 20 acre site is a remnant of the Harson's Island prairie and
                grasslands that, prior to European settlement, covered over 2,800 acres.

                The prairie is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans).
                No other floristic information is available.


                This site is privately owned and is part of supervisors plat #34. It is believed that the land is under single
                ownership but that ownership has not been determined. Acquisition of tins site is tentahvely recommended,
                pending additional survey.

                                          CHANNEL ROAD PRAIRIE; HARSON'S ISLAND

                The Channel Road lakeplain wet prairie is located on Harson's Island in St. Clair County. The site is 0.25
                mile west of the South Channel of the St. Clair River Delta. The site boarders the east and west sides of an
                emergent marsh within an abandoned distributary channel of the St. Clair Delta. The western edge of the
                prairie is bordered by a mature oak forest. This site is a 25 acre remnant of the Harson's Island prairie and
                grasslands that, prior to European settlement, covered over 2,800 acres.

                This site has been identified from the roadside only and has not received an on site investigation.

                The southern portion of the prairie is on supervisors plat #34, while the northern portion is      on land of
                William E. Smith. Acquisition of this site is recommended even without additional survey.           Indications
                visible from the road, including the zonal structure of the vegetation, visible dominant grasses and
                hydrology, identify this site as a viable prairie fiagment.

                                                 LITTLE ROAD; HARSON'S ISLAND

                The Little Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located on Harson's Island in St. Clair County. The site is
                0.5 mile south of the North Channel of the St. Clair River Delta along the southeast side of Little Road.
                The prairie lies among old agricultural lands and is probably a secondary prairie. This site is a 20 acre
                remnant of the Harson's Island prairie and grasslands that once covered over 2800 acres.

                This site has been identified from road side survey only. No on site investigation has been conducted. The
                site is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). No
                further floristic work has been conducted.


                The property is owned by one "E. F.". according to the 1990 plat book (Rockwell Map Publishers, 1993).
                Acquisition of the site is recommended pending the results of further survey.







                                                                     118
















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                           SITES: (I)La Croix Road, (2)Chamel Road), (3)Little Road
                           LOCATION: St. Clair Delta Subregion, St. Clair Co., Harsens Island, T2N-Rl6E, French Claims

                           USGS QUADRANGLE: Algonac 4208255

                           COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie, lakeplain wet prairie

                           ELEMENT RANK (1): D FQI: NA WET CO.: NA X COEF. CONS.: NA
                           ELEMENT RANK (2): !Q FQI: NA WET CO.: NA                                                           COEF. CONS.: NA
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                                                                                                          119










                               SIBLEY ROAD PRAIRIE; GREATER SIBLEY PRAIRIE COM[PLEX


                'Me Sibley Road prairie complex is located in Sections 7 & 8 o     f Brownstown Township, Wayne County.
                This site is the largest and most diverse lakeplain prairie remnant in Mchigan and represents our greatest
                hope for preserving a fimctional lakeplain prairie ecosystem. The prairie has remained remarkably intact.
                It has had less hydrologic alteration due to draining, has no record of agricultural use (outside of small
                pockets along the site's margins) and represents the largest land area not dissected by roadways in Wayne
                County (although it is dissected by a railway). The Sibley Road prairie complex covers nearly 700 acres
                with 200 acres currently considered prairie. Aerial photography from 1940, 1971, 1978 and 1988 all show
                very low levels of disturbance on the site, indicating that this is primary prairie. There are smaller prairie
                fiagments surrounding this complex that have been treated in separate site reviews. These sites, including
                the Telegraph Road prairie, the West Road prairie, the Beech-Daly Road prairie and the King Road prairie,
                are all part of the same ecological unit and should all be considered and managed as part of the Greater
                Sibley Road Prairie Complex. They have been treated separately because they have been identified at
                different times and present different acquisition and management opportunities and because, since the vast
                majority of the complex is privately owned they may be separated by development activities. There are
                nearly 350 acres of extant prairie fi-agments within this complex and approximately 1000 acres of open
                land that should be pursued and managed as a single unit. 'Me Sibley Road prairie complex is a remnant
                of a prairie that, prior to European settlement covered over 16,000 acres.

                The Sibley Road prairie lies primarily on loamy fine sands in the Tedrow, Granby, and Bellville Series with
                loamy sands in the Thetford Senes and small ridges of fine sand in the Oakville Series. The prairie and oak
                openings are found in a mosaic with moderately drained oak forest and poorly drained, tree/shrub-
                dominated depressions. Independent species fists for the wet prairie, wet-mesic prairie, and oak opening
                segments of the Sibley Road site are not available. Locally dominant species include big bluestem
                (Andropogon gerar&i), little blue stem (A. scoparius), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), blue joint
                (Calamagrostis canadensis), and a sedge (Cares lacustris). Other common plants include purple gerardia
                (Agalinis purpurea), common gerardia. (A. tenuifolia), colic root (Aletris farinosa), heath aster (Virgulus
                ericoides), New England aster (Virgulus novae-angliae), wild indigo (Bapfisia finctoria), grass pink
                (Calopogon tuberosus), sedges including, (Carex buxbaumh), (C. granularis), (C. muskingumensis), and
                (C swanii), Indian paintbrush (Castille/a coccinea), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris), sneezeweed
                (Helenium autumnale), tall sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), woodland sunflower (H. divaricatus),
                shrubby St. John's wort (Hypericum prolificum), Cynthia (KHgia bifibrus), northern blazing star (Liatris
                scariosa), rough blazing star (L. aspera), marsh blazing star (L. spicata), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago
                ohioensis), Riddell's goldenrod (S. riddellh), and Culver's root (Veronicastrum Wrginicum). The oak
                opening portions of the site are dominated by black oak Quercus velutina), swarnp white oak (Q. bicolor),
                pin oak (Q. palustris), and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa). One hundred and ninety plant species have been
                identified during four site surveys. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 69.65. This the highest ranked site
                out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The average Coefficient of Conservatism for plants on the site is
                5.05, this is the highest ranking for any site with over 50 species recorded. The site's composite Wetness
                Coefficient is -0.9 (Fac+).

                Sibley Road prairie is also rich in special plant species. There have been 14 special plant species identified
                on the site along with three community element occurrences and. one state threatened butterfly, Duke's
                skipper (Euphyes dukesi). The special plant occurrences include seven state threatened species and seven
                state special concern species. The state threatened species occurrences include a three awned grass
                (Aristida longispica), tall green milkweed (Asclepias hirtella), short fruited rush (Juncus brachycarpus),
                                                                     120









                  Vasey's rush (J vasej4), seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia), appressed bog clubmoss (Lycopodiella
                  subappressa), and a population of Clinton's bulrush (Scirpus clintonii). Four of these threatened plant
                  populations are among the highest quality occurrences for the species in Michigan. The high quality of
                  these populations adds to the value and uniqueness of this site. The seven state special concern species
                  include hairy angelica (Angelica venenosa), gentian leaved St. John's wort (Hypencum gentianoides), two-
                  flowered rush (Juncus biflorus), cToss4eaved milkwort (Polygala cruciata), prairie rose (Rosa sefigera),
                  tooth-cup (Rotala ramosior), and a population of tall nut rush (Scle?!a niglomerata). Not only is this the
                  largest lakeplain prairie community in the state but it holds exemplary populations of nine special plants.
                  In addition Conobea mulliflda, no common name, was located on the site, representing the first record of
                  this species in Michigan. Subsequent investigations have identified four or five additional Conobea
                  mufflflda populations in similar habitats, this species is not currently listed but will be reviewed during the
                  next update of the Michigan Special Plant List.

                  The Sibley Road lakeplain prairie extends over approximately 200 privately owned parcels. Ile State of
                  Michigan owns two lots and Brownstown Township owns two lots within the complex. In addition the
                  Michigan Nature Association owns one five acre lot. By far the majority of the site is privately owned and
                  vulnerable to development and'other disturbances. Much of the site is wetland and would require a
                  wetlands permit before it could be legally developed. In addition most major land owners have been
                  informed of the presence of -state threatened species on their property and the need to obtain an endangered
                  species permit before a take can be made. The danger of loss due to small unpermited activities is still
                  large.

                  Initial steps toward the protection of this site have been undertaken. The site has been approved for
                  acquisition of development rights under the Farm Lands and Open Space Act. The site has also been
                  approved for a fee title acquisition by The Natural Resources Trust Fund. Management responsibilities
                  after acquisition would rest with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division. The
                  largest property owner, Fritz Enterprises Inc., has responded unfavorably to inquires regarding purchase of
                  its lands. Continued efforts toward the acquisition and protection of this site should be pursued in
                  conjunction with nearby lakeplain prairie fragments.


                       WAYNE COUNTY



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                                                                        121





















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                     SITE: Sibley Road

                     LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sibley Complex, Wayne Co., T4S-Rl0E, Sections 7 + 8

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Flat Rock NE 4208323

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie, lakeplain wet-mesic pr., lakeplain oak opening

                     ELEMENT RANK: AB FQI: 69.65 WET CO.: -0.9 1 COEF. CONS.: 5.05

                     FQI= Floristic Quality In&x WET COEF. = Avemge Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Avemp Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                      122



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                           BEECH-DALY ROAD PRAIRIE; GREATER SIBLEY PRAIRIE CONTLEX


                The Beech-Daly Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 18 of Brownstown Township,
                Wayne County. The prairie consists of approximately 20 acres in an area which has had its topsoil and
                perhaps some sand mined. The removal of the surface soils may have resulted in the re-establishment of
                hydrologic conditions similar to those that existed prior to extensive draining of the area and which may be
                critical to the maintenance of lakeplain prairies. The site lies between a lowland hardwood forest and old
                field habitat which occurs on slightly higher ground. This prairie is a remnant is ecologically a part of the
                Greater Sibley Road prairie complex. This complex is composed of a series of prairie fi-agments that
                represent a remnant of a lakeplain prairie that, prior to European settlement, covered over 16,000 acres.

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass
                (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common plants include colic root (Alems fannosa), purple gerardia
                (Agahnis purpurea), swamp milkweed (Ascleptas incarnata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis olptefis), Culver's
                root (Veronicastrum iftinicum), tall sunflower (Hehanthus giganteus), pale spiked lobelia (Lobeha
                spicata) and marsh blazing star (Liams spicata). This site was observed from the road and abutting
                property. On site survey needs to be conducted.

                The site is privately owned and is in one to four ownerships. The owners have not been identified.
                Acquisition of this site is recommended as part of the Greater Sibley Road complex.

                                   TELEGRAPH ROAD PRAIRIE; GREATER SIBLEY PRAIRIE


                The Telegraph Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 5 of Brownstown Township, Wayne
                County. The site is approximately one mile north of the Sibley Road prairie and is separated from it by a
                mix of oak forest, mixed hardwood forest, old field and prairie remnants and residential development. This
                property is privately owned and has only been identified from the roadside. It has not been surveyed. The
                site was in agricultural use in 1940 aerial photographs. In -the 1977 soil survey it is listed as cut and fill
                land, indicating that sand has been mined from the site. Since die date a pipeline has been run through the
                land. The persistence of prairie vegetation despite these documentable disturbances may provide invaluable
                insights into what variables are essential for the persistence of lakeplain prairie.
                                                                        -.1

                Acquisition of this site is recommend in conjunction with other portions of the Greater Sibley prairie. It
                may provide an ideal location for monitoring and experimental manipulation to determine the critical
                hydrologic and other geo-physical factors that maintain lakeplain prairies.

                The site is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). No
                fin-thers botanical investigations have been conducted. The soil survey maps the site as cut and filled land.












                                                                     124















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                           SITES: (I)Beech-Daly Road, (2)Telegraph Road

                           LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sibley Complex, Wayne Co., T4S-Rl0E, S                                                        ection 18
                                                                                                                                   T4S-Rl0E, Section 5
                           USGSQUADRANGLE: Flat Rock NE 4208323

                           COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                           ELEMENT RANK (1): C FQI: NA WET CO.: NA X COEF. CONS.: NA
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                           FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosrn



                                                                                                             125










                                1UNG ROAD PRAIRIE; GREATER SIBLEY PRAIRIE COWLEX


                The King Road prairie is located in Section 17, Brownstown Township, Wayne County. The site covers
                approximately 120 acres including some the finest lakeplain prairie existing in Michigan. The prairie
                includes wet depressions and dry sandy ridges in a mosaic across the landscape. This site is part of a
                remnant of lakeplain prairie that, prior to European settlement, covered over 16,000 acres. The King Road
                prairie in conjunction with six other sites form an ecological unit including 370 acres of prairie. This
                prairie complex is six times larger than any other extant lakeplain prairie in the state. The King Road
                fi-agment is the second most important remnant of this complex - following the Sibley Road prairie
                f1ragment. Most of this site was fimed early in this cenuiry and includes a house site. Small pockets
                within the site appear to have remained unplowed and may have provided a seed source for the spread Of
                prairie vegetation after fanning was abandoned. A portion of the site has had sand mined from it and has
                subsequently reverted to prairie vegetation.

                'Me lakeplain prairie is broken in to zones dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii), little
                bluestem (A. scopa?!us), and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie plants include
                purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea), common gerardia (A. tenuifolia), colic root (Aletris fatinosa), Indian
                hemp (Apocynum cannabinum), wild indigo (Baptisia finctoHa), blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis),
                tall coreopsis (Coreopsis oipte?!s), strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), fhnged gentian (Gentianopsis
                cHnita), sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), Cynthia (Krigia biflora), northern blazing star (Datiis
                scariosa), marsh blazing star (Datfis spicata), hairy beard-tongue (Penstemon hirsutus), field milkwort
                (Polygala sanguinea), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), ironweed (Vernonia
                misswica), and heath aster (Virgulus eficoides). The prairie lies on a complex mosaic of soils which
                include fine sands in the Oakville Series, fine sandy loam in the Corunna Series, loamy sands in the
                Thetford, Belleville, and Gilford Series, and loam in the Blout and Pewamo Series. The site has a Floristic
                Quality Index of 51.35, ranking it fourth out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. One hundred twenty
                eight species have been recorded from the site during three visits. The site has a composite Wetness
                Coefficient of -0.3 (Fac).

                This site is rich in special plant species with nine species recorded. The special plant list includes five
                species threatened in Michigan; a three awned grass (Anstida longispica), Sullivant's milkweed (Asclepias
                suffivanfij), short fruited rush (Juncus brachycarpus), seedbox (Ludwigia altemifolia), and Clinton's
                bulrush (Scirpus clintonii). There are also four plants listed as special concern in Michigan; hairy angelica
                (Angelica venMosa), gentian leaved St. John's wort (Hypeficum gentianoides), two flowered rush (Juncus
                biflorus), and tall nut rush (Sclefia oiglomerata). The Sullivant's milkweed is the first recorded
                population for Wayne County.

                The prairie on this site is privately owned but the majority lies in two ownerships. The N2, NE4 of. Section
                17 is owned by Volk, Rousek, and Myler and was being offered for sale in the autumn of 1994. 'Me SW4,
                NE4 of Section 17 is owned by ABC Paving Co. These parcels and abutting parcels to the west should be
                acquired. This site is iminediately south of the southwestern portion of Sibley Road Prairie and should be
                pursued and managed as part of the Sibley Road Complex.








                                                                     126




















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                SITE: King Road

                LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sibley Complex, Wayne Co., T4S-R16E, Section 17

                USGS QUADRANGLE: Flat Rock NE 4208323

                COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie, lakeplain oak opening

                ELEMENT RANK: B FQI: 51.35 WET CO.: -03 Tf COEF. CONS.: 4.54

                FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. CIDER CONS. = Average Coefficient cfConwvatiosm



                                                               127










                                WEST ROAD PRAIRIE; GREATER SIBLEY PRAIRIE COMPLEX


                The West Road lakeplam wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 19 and 19 of Brownstown Township,
                Wayne County. The largest section of the site fies on the southeast comer of the junction of West Road
                and Inkster Road. A small fi-agnient is also found within an oak woodland on the northeast comer. 'Me
                southeastern fragment covers approximately 20 acres while the northeast fi-agment is only one acre. This
                prairie occurs within an area in which the topsoil has been removed and some sand may have been mined.
                We believe that the removal of the upper layers of the soil has brought the ground surface closer to the
                mean high water table and perhaps recreating hydrologic conditions similar to those that existed prior to
                extensive draining of the area. The site represents the southwestem. comer of the Greater Sibley Prairie
                complex, to which it is ecologically cormected. Prior to European settlement this prairie covered over
                16,000 acres.

                The site is surrounded by mixed hardwood forest, oak forest and abandoned agricultural land.' Some
                residential development has taken place but its density is still low. Portions of the oak forest may be
                restorable to lakeplain oak openings.

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestein (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestern (A.
                scopa)Ius), Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), and broom-sedge (Andropogon iftiniana). Other
                common plants include colic root (Aletris fannosa), purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea), three awned
                grasses (Arisfida spp.), Canada rush (Juncus canadensis), fringed gentian (Gentianopsis crinita),
                strawberry (Fragana iftiniana), common ladies tresses (Spiranthes cernua), grass leaved goldenrod
                (Euthamia graminifolia), eastern red cedar (Juniperus wrginzana) and the exotic European white birch
                (Betuld pendula). The prairie lies on soils listed as cut and fill but are predominately fine and very fine
                sands. Sixty one plant species have been noted during two visits to the site. Ile site's Floristic Quality
                Index is 37.13, ranking it 21st out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. 'Me Wetness Coefficient is -1.0
                (Fac+).

                Notable occurrences on the site include three state threatened plants and one state special concern plant.
                The three threatened species, are a three awned grass (Anstida lonpspica), small fruited rush (Juncus
                brachycarpus) and seedbox (Ludwigia altemifolia). The state special concern species is tall nut rush
                (ScIeHa triglomerata). The survey of this site should not be considered complete, existing survey was
                conducted from the road side.


                The property is privately owned with a single owner north of West Road, Anderson Brass Co. of
                Hartsville, South Carolina, and a single unidentified owner to the south of West Road. Acquisition of this
                remnant is recommended in conjunction or separate from the Sibley Road prairie complex.














                                                                    128

















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                     LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sibley Complex, Wayne Co., T4S-Rl0E, Sections 18 + 19

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Flat Rock NE 4208323

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                     ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 37.13 WET CO.: -1.0                                     COEF. CONS.: 4.75

                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF.  Average Wetness CoefficietC. COEF. CONS.  Avwage Coefficient ofConservatiosm
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                                                                                    129











                                                          SILVER CREEK PRAIRIE


                 The Silver Creek lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 11, *Huron Township, Wayne County.
                 The site is on the north side of Sibley Road and approximately 0.5 mile west of Middle Belt Road. This 20
                 acre site includes an abandoned house site in the south which is fairly weedy. The northern portion of the
                 site has been recently destroyed during construction of microwave towers for a cellular phone company.
                 The surrounding land use includes residential, light industrial, retail and agriculture. This site is a remnant
                 of an extensive prairie that, prior to European settlement covered over 16,000 acres.

                 Lakeplain prairie is restricted to the E2 SW4 of Section 11. This parcel has apparently been under single
                 ownership for many years. 'Me prairie is dissected by Silver Creek with the highest quality prairie lying
                 north of the creek. The prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerar&i) and Indian grass
                 (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common species include colic root (Aleois farinosa), New England aster
                 (Virgulus nova-angliae), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), yellow eyed grass (Xyrff torta),
                 Canada rush (Juncus canadensis), and eastern red cedar (Jumperus iftiniana). This site has received
                 only a cursory survey during which 24 species were noted. 'Me Floristic Quality Index for the site is 23.68
                 ranking it 44th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. This value is undoubtedly low due based on the
                 partial species list. The site's Wetness Coefficient is -0.7 (Fac+).

                 The site includes populations of two state threatened species; seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia) and a three
                 awned grass (Ansfida longispira). This site needs fiirthers botanical survey and likely contain       s other fisted
                 species.

                 This property is believed to be in a single private ownership. Ownership information has not been verified.
                 It is believed that the owner is a cellular telephone company. A conservation easement should be sought
                 with the owner. Management and enhancement of the site as a prairie should be compatible with the
                 operation and management of the microwave towers on the site.

                 The Silver Creek prairie lies within the pre-European settlement boundaries of the Greater Sibley prairie.
                 This extant fragment is ecologically separated from the extant Sibley Prairie.





















                                                                         130








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                  LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sibley Complex, Wayne County, T4S-R9E

                  USGS QUADRANGLE: Flat Rock NE 4208323

                  COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie
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                  ELEMENT RANK: C FQ1: 23.68 WET CO.: -0.7 T COEF. CONS.: 4.83

                  FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosrn



                                                                          131












                                                          BREST ROAD PRAIRIE



                The Brest Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 19 in the City of Taylor, Wayne County.
                The site lies on the south side of Brest Road, just east of the junction of Brest Road and Cape Cod Road.
                Fffteen acres of prairie lies to the northeast of Jacques Drain. Most of the land south of the drain has been
                severely degraded but may include additional small, prairie fi-agments. This site lies within the pre-
                European settlement boundaries of the a lakeplain oak opening that was adjacent to the Greater Sibley
                Prairie. The prairie covered over 16,000 acres, no acreage is currently available for the oak opening
                segment of the community complex.

                The surrounding lands appear to be either severely degraded or converted to residential housing. No other
                extant natural communities were observed adjacent to the prairie.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardh), little bluestera (A. scoparius),
                and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie species include colic root (Aletris
                farinosa), three awned grasses (Aristida spp.), butterflyweed (Asclepias tuberoses), bushy aster (Aster
                dumosus) heath aster (Virgulus ericoides), New England aster (Virgulus nova-angliae), tall coreopsis
                (Coreopsis tripteris), strawberry (Fragaria wrginiana), purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea), common
                gerardia (A. tenuifolia), shrubby St. John's wort (Hypericum prolificum), wild bergamot (Monarda
                fistulosa), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum), tall nut rush (Scleria triglomerata),
                ironweed (Vernonia missurica), and pinweeds (Lechea spp.). The prairie is located loamy fine sands with
                a loamy substrate in the Tedrow Series and includes a small ridge of fine sands in the Oakville Series. 'Me
                site's Floristic Quality Index is 37.78, ranldng it 17th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. Eighty one
                species were observed on the site during a single visit. The site's Wetness Coefficient is 0.2 (Fac).

                Notable on this small site are six confirmed special plant species. This list includes two state threatened
                species seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia) and a three awned grass (Aristida longispica). The remaining four
                species are state special concern. These are hairy angelica (Angelica venenosa), two flowered rush
                (Juncus biflorus), gentian leaved St. John's wort (Hypericum gentianoides) and tall nut rush (Scleria
                triglomerata). 'Me tall nut rush is common on the site.

                The site is believed to be in a single private ownership, although exact ownership has not been determined.
                Acquisition of this site is recommend, despite its small size. Its concentration of special plants is
                significant. It may also be used a core for restoration of surrounding lands since approximately half a
                section adjacent to the site is currently idle.
















                                                                      132










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                SITE: Brest Road


                LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sibley Complex, Wayne Co., T3S-R10E

                USGS QUADRANGLE: Flat Rock NE 4208323

                COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 37.78 WET CO.: 0.2 1 COEF. CONS.: 4.20

                FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetriess Coefficient;. COEF. CONS, = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm



                                                                133











                                                   SUMPTER TOWNSHIP PRAIRIE



                The Sumpter Township lakeplain wet-mesic prairie and lakeplain mesic prairie are located in Section 27 of
                Sumpter Township, Wayne County. The site includes approximately 40 acres of prairie and another 60
                acres which may be restorable. Much of the prairie on this site has been degraded by farming, borrow pits,
                ditching and other activities. There remain approximately 10-15 acres of high quality lakeplain prairie that
                has not been severely disturbed. Much of this site has been brush hogged within the last five years. This
                remnant is part of a lakeplain prairie complex that, prior to European settlement, extended over 12,000
                acres. Included on the site was a small lakeplain oak opening.

                The surrounding land is in agricultural production - or has been recently abandoned - , is idle open land, or
                is lowland hardwood forest. The lowland hardwood is primarily red ash (Fraxinus pensylvanicus) and
                American elm (Ulmus americana).

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (A.
                scoparius), and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie plants include purple gerardia
                (Agalinis purpurea), common gerardia (Agalinis tenuifolia), colic root (Aletris farinosa), swamp
                milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), sedges (Carex granularis), (C pensylvanica), (C scoparia), twig rush
                (Cladium mariscoides), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis triperis), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                graminifolia), strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), fringed closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsii), fowl manna
                grass (Glyceria striata), sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale), woodland sunflower (Helianthus
                divaricatus), tall sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), shrubby St. John's wort (Hypericum prolificum),
                grass-leaved rush (Juncus marginatus), Cynthia (Krigia biflorus), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata),
                muhly grass (Muhlenbergia uniflora), switch grass (Panicum virgatum), foxglove beard tongue
                (Penstemon digitalis), hairy beard tongue (P. hirsutus), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum
                virginianum), beak rush (Rhynchospora capitellata), prairie willow (Salix humilis), showy goldenrod
                (Solidago speciosa), ironweed (Vernonia missurica), heath aster (Virgulus ericoides), and New England
                aster (Virgulus novae-angliae). The mesic prairie is dominated by little bluestem, big bluestem, and
                broom-sedge (Andropogon virginicus). Other common plants include butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa),
                wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria), sedges (C. muhlenbergii), (C swanij), strawberry, long-bearded
                hawkweed (Hieracium longipilum), northern blazing star (Liatris scariosa), wild lupine (Lupinus
                perennis), black eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), and arrow-leaved violet (Viola sagittata). The prairie lies
                on loamy fine sands in the Bellville, Granby and Tedrow Series with occasional small ridges of fine sand in
                the Oakville Series. Two hundred and eleven species have been recorded from the site during four visits.
                The site's Floristic Quality Index is 60.86, ranking it second, behind Sibley Road Prairie, out of 53
                lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The composite site Wetness Coefficient is -0.4 (Fac). The site may be
                divided in to different regions with both and wetter aspects.

                Eight state special plants have been identified on the site. Most significant among these is an extremely
                small and vulnerable population of the state endangered, few flowered nut rush or Carolina whip grass
                (Scleria pauciflora). This species is relatively common along the Gulf Coastal plain and the Southern
                Atlantic Coastal plain but this is only the fourth record in Michigan. It was collected in St. Clair County in
                1903 and Van Buren County in 1904. It was not seen again until collected by Bill Brodowitz in Muskegon
                County in 1988. This collection is approximately 75 miles from the nearest historical collection and 150
                miles from the nearest extant station. The species is known from four extant populations in Ohio where it
                is listed as Ohio threatened. The species is common enough not to merit listing in either Indiana or Illinois.
                Also observed on the site were two state threatened species and five state special concern species. The
                threatened species are a three awned grass (Aristida longispica) and seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia). The


                                                                     134
 








                  special concem species are hairy angelica (Angelica venenosa), gentian leaved St. John's wort (Hypepicum
                  gentianoides), two flowered rush (Juncus biflorus), tall nut rush (Sclena tnglomerata), and Engeh='s
                  spike rush (Eleochayis engelmannii). This is the first modem record for Engelman's spike rush east of
                  Calhoun County. Engelman's spike is a coastal plain disjunct species that, in Michigan, occurs pfimarily
                  in coastal plain marshes in the southwestem comer of the state. There is an historical collection from
                  Wayne County in 1900 and two collections from Jackson County in 1893. All other occurrences are within
                  the Lake Michigan watershed.

                  The Sumpter Township Prairie lies on two parcels. The larger of the two encompasses 80 acres, 65 of
                  which are prairie or restorable to prairie. This parcel is owned by Sumpter Township. An additional 20
                  acres occurs on the northern end of adjacent farm, the ownership has not been detemuned. Sumpter
                  Township has expressed interest in developing the site as a golf course. Early intervention should be
                  undertaken to protect this prairie remnant before the town invests design and engineering funds into the site.
                  Creative alternatives, such as acquiring other suitable lands for a golf course, should be pursued. The
                  Township has also sighted concerns of losing potential tax revenues if the site is converted to a nature
                  preserve.


                  This site is located just northwest of the Detroit Metropolitan Airport Wedand Mitigation Site that covers
                  over 800 acres. Because this land has already been removed from potential development the town is
                  concerned about finther erosion of its tax base. Extra time and effort should be invested to create a
                  protection scenario that address the town's concems.

































                                                                       135











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                    SITE: Sumpter Township Prairie

                    LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sumpter Complex, Wayne Co., T4S-Rl6E, Section 27

                    USGS QUADRANGLE: Carleton 4208314

                    CONRAUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie, lakeplain mesic prairie

                    ELEN[ENT RANK: BC FQI: 60.86 WET CO.: -0.4 Tf COEF. CONS.: 4.19
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                    FQI= Floristic Quality Index ; WET COEF = Average Wetnew Coefficiait,. COEF CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conswmfiosin



                                                                                     136



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                                                LINCOLN MIDDLE SCHOOL PRAIRIE


                The Lincoln Middle School lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 19 of Sumpter Township,
                Wayne County. This five acre fi-dgment lies just west of the northwest comer of the Lincoln Middle School
                athletic fields. The site appears to be shrubbing in rapidly. Slightly moister soils in the immediate vicinity,
                show as open on 1978 aerial photography, are now completely covered with a thick growth of red-osier
                dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and silky dogwood (C amomum). This lakeplain prairie is a remnant of a
                prairie that, prior to European settlement, covered over 12,000 acres and reached into Monroe and
                Washtenaw Counties.


                'Me mesic prairie no longer supports a dominance of prairie grasses and is shaded by a woodland canopy
                with 25% closure. Prairie species persisting on the site include colic root (Aletilsfarinosa), big bluestern
                (Andropogon gerardii), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis mpte?is), long bearded hawkweed (Hieracium
                longipilum), common bergamot Wonardafistulosa), winged sumac (Rhus copallina), brown eyed Susan
                (Rudbeckia hirta), ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), and the state special concern tall nut rush (Scleria
                Mglomerata). The prairie hes on loamy fine sand of the Granby Series and loamy sand of the Thetford
                Series. Only thirteen species v@ere noted during a single brief visit. This abbreviated species list yielded a
                Floristic Quality Index of 13.87, ranking the site 52nd out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site
                Wetness Coefficient is +2.5 (FacU).

                The site is privately owned by Alex P. Nelipovich. Acquisition of the site is recommended pending further
                survey. Management should provide for its use by the middle school as an ecological classroom.

                                                   RAWSONVILLE ROAD PRAIRIE


                'Me Rawsonville Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 30 of Sumpter Township, Wayne
                County. This site covers approximately two acres northeast of the junction of Arkona Road and
                Rawsonville Road. This prairie remnant is highly degraded and is almost completely shrubbed in. The
                surrounding land includes agricultural fields, old fields and young lowland forest. This site is a remnant of
                a lakeplain prairie system that, prior to European settlement, covered over 12,000 acres and reached
                Monroe and Washtenaw Counties.


                The abutting woodland is dominated by young red maple (Acer rubrum. The lakeplain prairie fragments
                are dominated by blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis) or by a mixture of forbs. Other common prairie
                plants include colic root (Alems farinosa), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (A.
                scopaiius), sedges (Carex granularls) and (C stipata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris), red-osier
                dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), gray stemmed dogwood (C foemina), Cynthia (Kpigia biflorus), pale
                spiked lobelia (Lobeha spicata),   common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum iftinianum). This prairie hes
                on loamy fine sands of the Granby Series and loamy sands of the Thetford Series. Seventy two species
                have been noted from the prairie. The sites Floristic Quality Index is 27.32 ranking it 36th out of 53
                lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The Wetness Coefficient for the site is -0.4 (Fac+). This site contains a
                large population of the state special concern meadow beauty (Rhexia virginiana)

                Ile property is in a single private ownership, Mr. Thalon, who is planning construction of a residence on
                the front of the lot. Information explaining the history and current status of lakeplain prairies in Michigan
                should be forwarded to Mr. Thalon and an attempt made to interest him in reclamation efforts for this small
                prairie remnant.





                                                                     138















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                        LOCATION: Southeast Region, Sumpter Complex, Wayne County, T4S-R8E, Section 19
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                        USGS QUADRANGLE: Maybee 4208315

                        COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain mesic prairie

                        ELEMENT RANK (1): D FQI: 13.87 WET CO.: +2.5                                               COEF. CONS.: 3.85
                        ELEMENT RANK (2): D FQI: 27.32 WET CO.: -0.4                                               COEF. CONS.: 3.22
                        FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                              139











                                                  SUMPTER BORROW PITS PRAIRIE



                 The Sumpter Borrow Pits lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 32 of Sumpter Township,
                 Wayne County. As the site name suggests much of tins site has had sand mined from the surface. Within
                 the hollows of the borrow pits lakeplain prairie vegetation has emerged, including many special plant
                 species. In addition, a few small prairie openings occur in the oak woodland to the southwest of the borrow
                 pits. This site is a remnant of a lakeplain prairie system that, prior to European settlement covers over
                 12,000 acres in southwestern Wayne County as well as adjacent lands in Monroe and Washtenaw
                 Counties.


                 The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii) and little bluestern
                 (A. scoparius). Other common prairie plants include colic root (Aletris farinosa), hairy aster (Aster
                 pilosus), tall flat toped white aster (Aster umbellata), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris), strawberry
                 (Fragaria iftiniana), purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                 graminifolia), northern blazing star (Liatris scoparius), and sagittate leaved violet (Viola sagittata). The
                 site hes on loamy fine sands in the Tedrow and Granby Series and includes (or included prior to mining)
                 small ridges of fine sand in the Oakville series. Sixty species have been noted during three visits to the site.
                 'Me site's Floristic Quality Index is 29.18, ranking it 31st out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The
                 site's Wetness Coefficient is -0.4 (Fac-).

                 This sites includes a high number of special plants with three state threatened species and five state special
                 concern species. . The three threatened species include seedbox (Ludwigia afternifolia), the short fiuited
                 rush (Juncus brachycarpus), and the three awned grass (Aristida longispica). The five special concern
                 plants include Missouri rock cress (Arabis missouriensis), tooth-cup (Rotala ramosior), meadow beauty
                 (Rhexia virginica), the two flowered rush (Juncus biflorus), and yellow nut-grass (Cyperusflavescens).

                 This site is in a single private ownership. The current owner has not been determined. This site is
                 recommended for acquisition and consideration should be given to acquisition of adjacent lands to the south
                 and west. Maintenance of disturbed site conditions may be critical for some of the listed species on this
                 site.





























                                                                      140













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                                                    SHERWOOD ROAD PRAIRIE




               The Sherwood Road lakeplain wet-mesic prairie and lakeplain mesic; prairie is located in Section 29 of
               Sumpter Township, Wayne County. The site encompasses approximately 25 acres of small, degraded
               prairie fiagments. Much of the site is dry widi exposed sandy soils but includes lower moister areas more
               typical of other lakeplain prairie remnants. Portions of the site have been plowed and some small scale
               sand mining has taken plaice. This site is a remnant of a lakeplain prairie system that prior to European
               settlement, covered over 12,000 acres.

               Much of the surrounding land has been degraded so that it no longer supports prairie species or has
               undergone residential development. Extensive areas adjacent to the site are dominated by broom-sedge
               (Andropogon wrginicus) with exposed sands.

               The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (A. scoparius)
               and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie plants include colic root (Aletrisfarinosa),
               sedges (Carex muhlenbergd), (C. pensylvanica), and (C granularls), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis oipteiis),
               common fleabane (Efigeron philadelphicus), strawberry (Fragmia Wrginiana), shrubby St. John's wort
               (Hype)!cum prolificum), Cynthia (K?Igia biflorus), dwarf dandelion (K. virginica), northern blazing star
               (Liatris scariosa), hairy beard tongue (Penstemon hirsutus), and ironweed (Vernonia missurica). The
               prairie lies on loamy fine sands in the Granby and Tedrow Series and includes small ridges of fine sand in
               the Oakville Series. The sites Floristic Quality Index is 25.34, ranking it 39th out of 53 lakeplain prairie
               sites surveyed. Fifty eight species were recorded from the site during two visits. The site's Wetness
               Coefficient is+ 1. 1 (Fac-).

               The site includes a small population of the state threatened seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia).

               "Me site resides in multiple private ownerships, often of the rear portions of house lots. This site is
               recommended for purchase if available.






















                                                                    142
















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                SITE: Sherwood Road


                LOCATION: Southeast Region     Sumpter Complex, Wayne Co., T4S-R8E, Sections 29 + 30

                USGS QUADRANGLE: Maybee 4208315

                COMMUNYFY TYPE(S): lakeplain mesic prairie
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                ELEMENT RANK: D FQI: 25.34 WET CO.: +1. 1 X COEF. CONS.: 3.33

                FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosin



                                                                143











                                  PETERSBURG PRAIRIE: PETERSBURG STATE GAME AREA



                The Petersburg lakeplain wet-mesic and lakeplain mesic prairie is located in Sections 14 and 15 of
                Surnmerfield Township, Monroe County. ne site is partially contained within the Pertersburg State Game
                Area. The lakeplain prairie on this site exists in small scattered fi-agments of one to five acres. This site,
                along with the Sumpter Town Prairie, contains the dries remnants of lakeplain prairie in Michigan. These
                fragments are remnant from a prairie did, prior to European settlement, covered 1,750 acres and was part
                of a lakeplain prairie and lakeplain oak opening complex that extended, unbroken, for over 17,500 acres.

                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is dominated by big bluestern (Andropogon gerardii). Other common
                plants include colic root (Aletris fannosa), heath aster (Virgulus encoides), New England aster (Aster
                novae-anghea), sedges (Carex sartwellii), and (C. aurea), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris), strawberry
                (Fragand wrgintana), fringed closed gentian (Genhana andrewsfi), yellow star grass (Hypoxis hirsuta),
                marsh blazing star (Datris spicata), purple gerardia (Agalinis purpurea), pale spiked lobelia (Lobelia
                spicata), meadow sweet (Spiraea alba), ironweed (Vernonia missunca), and Culver's root (Veronicastrum
                virginicum). The lakeplain mesic; prairie is dominated by little bluestern (Andropogon scoparius) with big
                bluestern locally co-dominant. Other common mesic prairie species include butterflyweed (Asclepias
                tuberosa), wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria), Indian pain brush (Castilleja coccinea), Pennsylvania sedge
                (Carex pensylvanica), bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata), strawberry, saw toothed sunflower
                (Helianthus grosseserratus), wood rush (Luzula multiflora), rough blazing star (Datris aspera), and black
                eyed Susan (Rudbeckid hirta). The lakeplain mesic prairie lies on fine sands in the Oakville and Ottokee
                Series and on loamy fine sands in the Granby Series. The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie lies on loamy sands
                in the Thetford Series and sandy loam in the Gilford Series. A sub-soil pH of 5.4 has been recorded in wet
                sands. A total of 184 plant species have been recorded from the site, including 32 adventive species. This
                is the highest number of adventives recorded for any lakeplain prairie sites. The site's Floristic Quality
                Index is 49.02, ranking it sixth out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The composite Wetness
                Coefficient for the site is 1.3 (Fac-). This is the second driest Wetness Coefficient recorded for any site
                with a complete species list.

                Three special plants have been recorded from the complex. They include state threatened tall green
                milkweed (Asclepias hirtella), an occurrence of state threatened seedbox (LudWgia alternifolia) and a
                population of state special concern hairy angelica (Angelica venenosa). In addition the state special
                concern tall nut rush (Scleria triglomerata) is mentioned in a 1983 species list but has never been recorded
                as an element occurrence.. In addition five special Lepidopterans with prairie affinities have been collected
                with in the game area. These include the federally endangered and state threatened Kamer blue butterfly
                (Lycaeides melissa samuells), the state threatened dusted skipper (Atrytonopsis hianna), and three state
                special concern species: Culver's root borer moth (Paparpema sciata), wild indigo dusky wing (Erynnis
                baptisiae), and the barrens buclanoth (Hemileuca maia). This is the largest concentration of special insect
                species that has thus far been identified occurring with any lakeplain prairie reirmant.

                Those portions of the lakeplain prairie remnant deserve more intensive brush control management,
                preferably via controlled burning. In addition it is reconimended the acquisition be pursued in the SE of
                Section 15 and all in the remainder of Section 14. There is room to leave residential development along the
                roads but attempts should be made to acquire conservation easements or fee simple in the interior of these
                lots. There are 21 private landowners represented in this area. Most of the recommended purchase lies
                within the dedicated boundaries of the state game area. Lands in the NE4 and E2 SE4 are not within the
                dedicated boundaries.




                                                                      144






















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                      SITE: Petersburg Prairie, Petersburg State Game Area
                      LOCATION: Southeast Region, Monroe County, T7S-R6E, Sections 14 + 15
                      USGS QUADRANGLE: Dundee 4108386, Lwnbenville West 4108376
                      COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet mesic prairie, lakeplain mesic prairie
                      ELEMENT RANK: BC mesic, D wet-mesic FQI: 49.02 WET CO.: +1.3 Tf COEF. CONS.: 3.61

                      FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF.    Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS.    Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm
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                                                                                        145











                                                       STERNS ROAD PRAIRIE



                The Stems Road prairie is located in Section 25 of Whiteford Township, Monroe County. Ile site lies just
                east of the junction of Stems Road and Whiteford Center Road. Prairie exists both north and south of
                Stems Road but the highest quality section lies to the south along Halfway Creek. This lakeplain prairie
                remnant lies approximately one mile outside of the closest prairie indicated on during the Government Land
                Office Surveys. It occurred in a pin oak (Quercus palusois), black oak (Q. veludna) complex that is often
                intermixed with prairie conununities. Extant areas of this oak complex were searched during this survey
                for lakeplain prairie remnants.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum
                nutans). Other common prairie plaints include prairie dock (Silphium terebinthinaceum), little bluestem.
                (Andropogon scopafius), sedges (Carex aurea) and (C. granulmis), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis Mpte?is),
                strawberry (FragaHa iftiniana), long bearded hawkweed (Hieracium longipilum), bog lobelia (Lobelia
                kalmfi), hairy beard-tongue (Penstemon hirsutus), yellow coneflower (Ratibida pinnata), prairie ragwort
                (Senecio plattensis), meadow parsnips (Thaspium barbinode) and (T. ttifoliatum), ironweed (Vernonia
                missurica), heath aster (Virgulus epicoides), and golden alexanders (Zizia aurea). The prairie lies on loam
                of the Channahon Series with a pH of 8.0. Seventy plant species have been recorded from the site during
                two visits. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 30.33, ranking it 33rd out of 53 lakephtin prairie sites
                surveyed. The site's Wetness Coefficient is +1.5 (FacU-). This is one of the driest sites identified.

                The northern portion of the prairie lies on lands owned by Whiteford Township, while the southern portion
                lies on privately owned lands of Don Ray. Acquisition of the southern portion is recommended. It is also
                important to make the township aware of the prairie on their property and encourage to manage it, at least
                in part, as a natural resource, a potential educational facility and a unique property. Combining the two
                parcels will aid in the preservation and management of this fi-agment.

























                                                                    146

















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                      SITE: Stems Road


                      LOCATION: Southeast Region, Monroe County, T8S-R6E, Section 25

                      USGS QUADRANGLE: Lambertville West 4108376, Sylvania 4108366

                      COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain mesic prairie

                      ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 27.85 WET CO.: +1.8 T COEF. CONS.: 3.33

                      FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                          147













                                    GOOSE LAKE PRAIRIE: ALLEGAN STATE GAME AREA


                The Goose Lake lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 13, Heath Township, Allegan County.
                The prairie lies east of 3 8th Street an just south of Beech Hill. The principle natural community here is a
                coastal plain marsh. The prairie forms a narrow ring around the edge of the marsh. No prairies were noted
                in this region during the Government Land Office Surveys.

                ne lakeplain prairie is dominated by switch grass (Panicum wrgatum), blue-joint (Calamagrosits
                canadensis), meadow sweet (Spiraea alba), and prairie willow (Salix humilis)., Other common prairie
                plants include big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), prairie cord
                grass (Spartina pectinata), Green's rush (Juncus greenei), switch grass (Panicum Wrgatum) and sand bar
                willow (Salix intefior). The site lies on mucky fine sands in the Newton Series. Only 20 species were
                recorded from this site during a single survey. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 27.50 ranking.it 40th
                out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site Wetness Coefficient is -I.I(Fac+).

                Four listed plant species are recorded from the lakeplain wet-mesic prairie--wastal plain marsh complex.
                These include two state threatened species; prairie drop seed (Sporobolus heterolepis) and a spike rush
                (Eleochapis tricostata), and two state special concern species; two flowered rush (Juncus biflorus) and
                toothcup (Rotala ramosior).

                This site is completely contained within the Allegan State Game Area. Management should focus on
                periodic controlled burns of the prairie portion of the site.

                                 BEAVER MEADOW PRAIRIE: ALLEGAN STATE GAME AREA


                The Beaver Meadow lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Sections 14 and 15 of Heath Township,
                Allegan County. Ile prairie lies just south of the Junction of 132nd Avenue and 41st Street. This site
                contains a coastal plain marsh natural community surrounded by lakeplam wet-mesic prairie. No prairies
                were noted in this area during the Government Land Office Surveys.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem. (Andropogon gerardii), switch grass (Panicum
                Wrgatum), and prairie cord grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other coninion prairie plants include Culver's
                root (Veronicastrum Wrginicum), rough leaved goldenrod (Solidago rugosa), heath aster (Virgulus
                e?Icoides), blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), beaked rush
                (Rhynchospora capitellata), and meadow sweet (Spiraea alba). Only twelve species were noted during a
                single hurried survey. This abbreviated list yields a Floristic Quality Index Of 19.05, ranking this site 50th
                out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. A more complete species list would raise this value. The site's
                Wetness Coefficient is 0.3 (Fac).

                One state threatened plant, a rush (Juncus scirpoides), and two state special concern species, two flowered
                rush (Juncus biflorus) and whorled mountain mint (Pycnanthemum verficillatum) were observed within the
                lakeplain wet-mesic prairie--coastal plain marsh complex.

                This site is contained within the Allegan State Game Area. Management should focus on periodic
                controlled burning of the lakeplain prairie portions of this complex. Long term management should focus
                on maintain the hydrology of the area.




                                                                     148











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                                                                                                                   Scale 1      24,000

                     SITESIGoose Lake, Allegan State Game Area and.,Beaver Meadow, Allegan State Game Area

                     LOCATION: Southwest Region, Allegan County, T3N-Rl5E, Section 14 + 15

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Hamilton East 4208568

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                     ELEMENT RANK (1): C FQI: 27.50 WET CO.: +1. 1                                         COEF. CONS.: 6.15
                     ELEMENT RANK (2): D FQI: 19.05 WET CO.: +0.3                                          COEF. CONS.: 5'50
                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosm



                                                                                       149












                                   PIPELINE EAST PRAIRIE: ALLEGAN STATE GAME AREA



                The Pipeline East lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 7 of Monterey Township, Allegan
                County. The sites is approximately 100 meters northeast of the junction of 132nd Avenue and 36th Street.
                This prairie occurs as a ring around the upland portion of a coastal plain marsh natural community. No
                prairies were noted in this region during the Government Land Office Surveys.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated big bluestem, (Andropogon gerardii), blue-joint (Calamagrostis
                canadensis), and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans). Other common prairie plants include marsh blazing
                star (Liat?ls spicata), meadow sweet (Spiraea alba), beaked rush (Rhynchospora capitellata), prairie cord
                grass (Sparfina pectinata), switch grass (Panicum Wrgatum), little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), tall
                coreopsis (Coreopsis tripteris), common mountain mint (Pycnanthemum Wrginianum), and common Mes
                tresses (Spiranthes cemua). Sixty eight species have been recorded from the site during two visits. The
                site's Floristic Quality Index is 44.26, ranking it tenth out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. It should
                be noted that this value is based on both the coastal plain marsh and lakeplain prairie natural communities.
                The site's Wetness Coefficient is -1. 1 (Fac+).

                There are seven special plants in the coastal plain marsh-lakeplain prairie natural complex. This includes
                three state endangered species, one of which Hall's bulrush (Scirpus halld) is under consideration for
                federal listing. Also listed as state endangered are dwarf burhead (Echinodorus tenellus) and downy
                gentian (Gentiana puberulenta). There are also two state threatened species; three ribbed spike rush
                (Eleochmis mcostata) and scirpus-like rush (Juncus scirpoides). Finally there are two state special
                concern species; Engelman's spike rush (Eleochatis engelmannii) and toothcup (Rotala ramosior). The
                presence of three state endangered species in one small community is truly unique and adds to the value of
                this site.


                The lakeplain wet-mesic prairie and the coastal plain marsh are contained within the Allegan State Game
                Area. Management should include controlled burnuig in the lakeplain prairie.





















                                                                      150
















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                                                                                                                                     Scale      1: 24,000

                         SITE: Pipeline PraiTie East; Allegan State Game Area

                         LOCATION: Southwest Region, Allegan County, T3N-Rl3W, Section 7

                         USGS QUADRANGLE: Hmflton East 4208568

                         COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic pTairie

                         ELEMENT RANK: BC FQI: 44.26 WET CO.: -1.4 Y COEF. CONS.: 5.37

                         FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF.          Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient of Conservatiosin



                                                                                                    151











                                   130TH AVENUE PRAIRIE: ALLEGAN STATE GAMIE AREA



                The 13  Oth Avenue lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in section 18, Monterey Township, Allegan
                County. The site is approximately 100 meters north of the junction of 130th Avenue and 36th Street, along
                an intermittent water course. The prairie forms a ring around the upland portions of a coastal plain marsh
                natural community. No prairies were noted in this area during the Government Land Office Surveys.

                The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardn), Indian grass (Sorghastrum
                nutans), prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata), and switch grass (Panicum Wrgatum). Other common
                prame plants include a three awned grass (Ansuda purpurascens), bushy aster (Aster dumosus), blue-joint
                (Calamagrostis canadensis), strawberry (Fragaria iftiniana), fringed closed gentian (Gentiana
                andrewsii), marsh blazing star (Lobeha spicata), winged loosestrife (Lythrum alatum), tall goldenrod
                (Solidago altissima), rough goldenrod (Solidago rugosa), grass leaved goldenrod (Euthamia
                graminifolia), coastal plain flat topped goldenrod (Euthamia tenuifolia), and Culver's root (Veronicastrum
                virginiana). The prairie hes on mucky fine sands in the Newton Series and fine sand in the Morocco
                Series. Forty three species have been identified during two visits to the site. The site's Floristic Quality
                Index is 38.89, ranking it 19th out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site Wetness Coefficient is
                -1.3 (Fac+).

                Four state special plants have been observed within the lakeplain prairie-coastal ph-un marsh complex.
                These include the state special concern two flowered rush (Juncus biflorus) and three state threatened
                species. The state threatened species are scirpus -like rush (Juncus scirpoides), three ribbed spikerush
                (Eleocharis tricostata), and a blue eyed grass (Sisyrinchium atlanticum).

                This site is completely contained within the Allegan State Game Area. Management should include
                periodic controlled burns of the lakeplain prairie portions of the site. This site drains west into the 36th
                Street lakeplain prairie - coastal plain marsh complex, also within the Allegan State Game Area.
























                                                                     152















                                                                                                                                              196
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                                                                                                                    Scale    1: 24,000

                     SITE: 130th Avenue Prairie; Allegan State Game Area

                     LOCATION: Southwest Region, Allegan County, T3N-13W, Section 18

                     USGS QUADRANGLE: Hamilton East 4208568

                     COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                     ELENffiNT RANK: C FQI: 38.89 WET CO.: -1.3 X COEF. CONS.: 5.93

                     FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average Wetness Coefficient. COEF. CONS. = Average Coeflicient ofconsmatiomn



                                                                                       153












                                     36TH STREET PRAIRIE: ALLEGAN STATE GAME AREA



                 The 36th Street lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section12 of Monterey Township, Allegan
                 County. The site is approximately 100 meters northwest of the junction of 132nd Avenue and 36th Street.
                 The lakeplain prairie occurs around the margins of a coastal plain marsh. No prairies were noted in this
                 region during the Government Land Office Survey.

                 The lakeplain prairie is dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), blue-joint (Calamagrostis
                 canadensis), a sedge (Carex aquatilis) and prairie cord grass (Spartina pectinata). Other common prairie
                 plants include little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), bushy aster (Aster dumosus), smooth aster (Aster
                 laevis), fringed, closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsii), marsh blazing star (Liatris spicata), common
                 mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum), blue eyed grass (Sisyrinchium atlanticum), common ladies
                 tresses (Spiranthes cernua), and beak rush (Rhynchospora capitellata). Fifty four species have been
                 recorded during three surveys of the site. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 44.23, ranking it twelfth out
                 of 53 lakeplain prairie sites surveyed. The site's Wetland Index is -1.4 (Fac+).

                 Ten special plants have been recorded from the coastal plain marsh-lakeplain prairie complex. These
                 include five state threatened species and five state special concern species. The state threatened species are
                 scirpus-like rush (Juncus scirpoides), three ribbed spike rush (Eleocharis tricostata), Atlantic blue eyed
                 grass (Sisyrinchium atlanticum), small fruited rush (Juncus brachycarpus), and Vasey's rush (Juncus
                 vaseyi). The state special concern species are two flowered rush (Juncus biflorus), tall nut rush (Scleria
                 triglomerata), whorled mountain mint (Pycnanthemum verficillatum), toothcup (Rotala ramosior), and
                 cross-leaved milkwort (Polygala cruciata).

                 This site is contained within the Allegan State Game Area. Management should include periodic controlled
                 burning of the lakeplain prairie.


























                                                                         154
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                   SITE: 36th Street Prairie; Allegan State Game Area

                   LOCATION: Southwest Region, Allegan County, T3N-Rl4W, Section 12

                   USGS QUADRANGLE: Hamilton East 4208568

                   COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet-mesic prairie

                   ELEMENT RANK: C FQI: 42.33 WET CO.: -1.4 X COEF. CONS.: 6.02

                   FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF. = Average WeW= Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. Average Coefficient ofConservatiom



                                                                           155











                                    GRAND MERE PRAIRIE: GRAND MEERE STATE PARK



               The Grand Mere lakeplain wet-mesic prairie is located in Section 29 of Lincoln Township, Berrien County.
               The site is south of North Lake Park Road, just west- of the 1-94 interchange. This is a secondary prairie
               that has emerged on lands described as a cedar swamp during the Government Land Office Survey.

               The dominant species in the prairie is big bluestern (Andropogon gerardh). Other common species include
               ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), red ash (Fraxinus pensylvanica), shrubby St. John's wort (Hype?Icum
               kalmh), meadow sedge (Carex stricta) strawberry (Fragafia Wrginiana), tall coreopsis (Coreopsis
               tripteris), woodland sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus), tall sunflower (H. giganteus), little bluestem
               (Andropogon scoparius), and ironweed (Vemonia missupica). 'Me prairie hes on loamy sand in the
               Morocco Series with a pH of 6.8. Eighty five species have been recorded from the site during two site
               surveys. The site's Floristic Quality Index is 35.25, ranldng it 23rd out of 53 lakeplain prairie sites
               surveyed. The site's Wetness Coefficient is -0.7 (Fac+).

               One state threatened plant, the rose pink (Sabatia angulafis) is common on the site
               The site is contained within the Grand Mere State Park. Management should include periodic controlled
               bums.










































                                                                   156





















                                                                                          CA
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                                                                                                                     Scale 1: 24,000

                      SITE: Grand Mere Prairie; Grand Mere State Park

                      LOCATION: Southwest Region, Berrien County, T5S-Rl9W, Section 29

                      USGS QUADRANGLE: Stevensville 4208615

                      COMMUNITY TYPE(S): lakeplain wet prairie

                      ELEMENT RANK: D FQI: 35.25 WET CO.: -0.7 T COEF. CONS.: 3.82

                      FQI= Floristic Quality Index; WET COEF = Average Wetness Coefficient;. COEF. CONS. = Average Coefficient ofConservatiosm



                                                                                         157




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                                                            158                                                       1



  I
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                                         Appendix 11
  I                                      Data Analyses
  I
  I
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  I
  I
 - I
  I
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  1                                           159




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                        160                     1










                                                  Appendix 11.1 Water table depth at well locations along the transect at Algonac Prairie.


                                                                                               Water Depth" (cm) at Well:
                                     Date
                                                            1              2             3              4             5              6             7               8
                              April 28                    -106.0           -57.0           8.0            0.0           6.0            0.0           0.0           5.0
                              May 20                      -116.0           -44.0        -35.0          -56.0
                              June 9                      -148.0           -94.0        -48.0          -46.0           -5.0         -13.0            -9.0       - 10.0
                              June 30                     -138.0        -126.0          -91.0          -86.0         -73.0          -46.0         -53.0         -52.0
                              July 15                     -137.0        -135.0          -91.0                        -84.0          -78.0         -76.0.        -65.0
                              July 28                     -139.0        -137.0          -86.0          -96.0         -83.0          -71.0         -75.0         -55.0
                              August 11                   -135.0        -147.0          -93.0          -99.0         -96.0          -66.0         -75.0         -52.0
                              August 25                   -136.0        -139.0          -96.0        -100 * 0        -95.0          -74.0         -73.0         -59.0
                              September 9                 -138.0        -144.0          -89.0          -99.0         -96.0          -73.0         -72.0         -47.0
                              October 6                 <-143.0       <-147.0        <-100.0          -109.0         -98.0          -78.0         -76.0         -70.0
                              October 20                <-143.0       <-147.0        <-100.0          -105.0         -77.0          -54.0         -50.0         -55.0
                              November 3                <-143.0       <-147.0        <-100.0           -91.0         -72.0          -45.0         -42.0         -51.0
                              November 14               <-143.0       <-147.0        <-100.0           -96.0         -75.0          -47.0         -44.0         -54.0
                              December 1                <-143.0       <-147.0        <-100.0           -82.0         -60.0          -36.0         -40.0            0.0
                              December 15               <-143.0       <-147.0        <-100.0           -84.0         -60.0          -38.0         -40.0            0.0
                              December 29               <-143.0         -139.0       <-100.0           -88.0         -72.0          -58.0         -46.0    1       -2.0
                              Mean  b                     -138.6        -133.2          -85.4          -84.4         -68.3          -49.9         -49.9         -35.9

                         'Negative values represent depths below surface; positive values represent depth of standing               water.
                          The < sign indicates values failing below the basal reading for a well.
                         hBased on the 14 dates with complete observations.



                Algonac Prairie















                                                                                                         V








                                                           Distances:
                         0.000                                                                 1.000

                                                                                                         WQ
                Well:        I                                                                           rr




                             2


                             4


    CN                       6                                                                           rA

                             5


                             7


                             8


                          "Based on 14 dates with complete observations


                                                                                                         12









                         Appendix IL 3. TWINSPAN ordination of Algonac Prairie wells and plant species.



                                                                                     WELL #:
                                                                                     84567123
                                                                       species Ubiquity'       Group    Water Tableb
                                                                   8   AST    NOV    -333 --- 1   000      -67.6
                                                                   40  FRA    VIR    -313-1--     000      -77.1
                                                                   2   AND    GER    -133  ----   000      -61.9
                                                                   3   ANE    CAN    -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   6   AST    LAE    -31   -----  000      -80.4
                                                                   9   AST    UMB    --- 3 ----   000      -49.9
                                                                   11  CHR    LEU    -221  ----   000      -71.1
                                                                   12  CIR    DIS    ---- 3---    000      -49.6
                                                                   14  CIR    PAL    --133 ---    000     -105.8
                                                                   15  COM    UMB    -1    ------ 000      -84.4.
                                                                   18  COR    TRP    -21   -----  000      -79.0
                                                                   20  CX   AURE     -132  ----   000      -64.8
                                                                   21  CX   BICK     -1--2---     000      -61.2
                                                                   23  CX   CAPI     -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   24  CX   CRWE     -2--2 ---    000      -67.0
                                                                   25  CX   GRAN     -3333 ---    000      -62.7
                                                                   29  CX   STIP     ----  1---   000      -49.6
                                                                   31  CX   VULP     ----  3---   000      -49.6
                                                                   32  DAU    CAR    ---   13 --- 000      -49.7
                                                                   33  DES    CAA    -1    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   34  EQU    ARV    -2333 ---    000      -60.0
                                                                   39  FRA    AME    -31   -----  000      -80.4
                                                                   43  GEN    AND    -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   44  GEUM SP       --232 ---    000      -55.1
                                                                   46  HAL    DEF    ----  2---   000      -49.6
                                                                   48  HYP    HIR    -1    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   49  HYP    KAL    -1    ------ 000      -84.4
                                  Species Group 000                50  JUN    DUD    -2223 ---    000      -61.6
                                                                   51  JUN    TEN    -3223 ---    000      -63.8
                                                                   52  JUN    TOR    --311 ---    000      -60.9
                                                                   53  KRI    BIF    -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   54  LES    CAP    -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   55  LIA    SPI    -3231 ---    000      -63.9
                                                                   57  LIL    MIC    --- I ----   000      -49.9
                                                                   60  LYS    QUA    -211  ----   000      -71.8
                                                                   61  LYT    ALA    --11  ----   000      -59.1
                                                                   62  MON    FIS    -2-2  ----   000      -67.2
                                                                   64  PAN    IMP    -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   66  PAN    VIR    --111 ---    000      -55.9
                                                                   67  PED    LAN    -2    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   68  PEN    DIG    -1    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   69  POA    COM    -3213 ---    000      -63.8
                                                                   74  POP    TRE    -1    ------ 000      -84.4
                                                                   79  PRU    VUL    -3--3 ---    000      -64.5
                                                                   80  PYC    VIR    -3332 ---    000      -64.7
                                                                   88  SAN    MAR    --2   -----  000      -68.3
                                                                   91  SCI    CYP    ---- 3---    000      -49.6
                                                                   92  SIS    MON    -1--1 ---    000      -67.0
                                                                   97  SOL    GRA    -121  ----   000      -67.7
                                                                   98  SOL    OHI    -1331---     000      -60.7
                                                                   99  SOL    RID    --- 33---    000      -49.7
                                                                   101 SOR    NUT    -213  ----   000      -64.5
                                                                   104 TAR    OFF    --11  ----   000      -59.1


                   Algonac Prairie


                                                                   163















                                                  105 TRI REP -1-11      --- 000     -61.3
                                                  106 VER MIS -333       --- 000     -55.9
                                                  107 VER VIR -32      ----- 000     -79.0

                                                -----------------------------------------
                                                     4  APO SIB   11211--    001     -59.4
                                                   26   CX LASI   1-33   ---- 001    -56.5
                                                   59   LYC AME   1-13   --- 001     -46.9
                                                     7  AST LAT   3-1-3  --- 001     -45.6
                          Species Group 001        30   CX STRI   3-1    ---- 001    -38.7
                                                   71   POL AMP   3 ---  3--- 001    -42.8
                                                  103   SPI ALB   11 ------  001     -60.2
                                                   41   FRA  PEN  3-123--l   001       49.6

                                                   -- --- --- -------- ---           -----
                                                   17   COR FOE   131321-3   01      -71.5
                                                   27   CX LEPO   -21-2-1-   01      -78.2
                                                  109   VIR  LEN  --l-2-1-   01      -75.2
                                                  110   VIT  RIP  131 ---- 1 01      -73.8
                         Other                       5  AST  ERI  -323--21   0       -82.0
                                                   19   CRA  CRU  2-2113-1   0       -80.9
                                                   96   SOL  ALT  -32 ---- 2 10      -80.1
                                                  100   SOL  RUG  -3312-23   10      -79.9
                                                   73   POL  SEN  -1 --- 1-1 110   -102.8

                                                -----------------------------------------
                                                     1  ACE RUB   -----  311 111   -128.8
                                                   10   BRA ERE   ------ 2-  111   -133.2
                                                   13   CIR  LUT  ------ 33  111   -105.9
                                                   16   COR  AKE  -----  31- 111   -137.5
                                                   22   CX   BRUN ------- 1  ill     -85.4
                                                   28   CX   PENS -----  3-1 111   -128.0
                                                   35   EQU  HYE  -----3--   111   -138.6
                                                   36   ERI  PHI  ------ 1-  111   -133.2
                                                   37   ERI  PUL  ------ 1-  111   -133.2
                                                   38   EUP  MAU  ------- 1  111     -85.4
                                                   42   GAL  APA  -----33-   111   -136.3
                                                   45   GLY  STR  ------ 1-  111   -133.2
                                                   47   HEL  DIV  ------ I-  Ill   -133.2
                         Species Group Ill         56   LIG  VUL  ------- I  Ill     -85.4
                                                   58   LON  TAR  -----  23- 111   -135.0
                                                   63   OXA  ACE  -1 --- 211 111   -116.0
                                                   65   PAN  LAT  -----  1-  111   -138.6
                                                   70   POA  SAL  -----  1-  111   -138.6
                                                   72   POL  PUB  -----  3-1 111   -128.0
                                                   75   POT  SIM  -----  313 111   -115.0
                                                   77   PRU  SER  -----  3-1 111   -128.0
                                                   78   PRU  VIR  ------ 11  111   -109.3
                                                   85   RUB  ALL  -1 --- 113 111   -102.1
                                                   86   RUB  PUB  -----  1-3 111     -96.0
                                                   87   RUB  STR  ------- 3  Ill     -85.4
                                                   89   SAS  ALB  -----  23- 111   -135.0
                                                   95   SMI  RAC  -----  2-- 111   -138.6


                                                                  00000111
                                                                  01111

                                                'Values represent number of subplots at each
                                                well in which species was found.


                                                'Species "preferred" water-table depth based on
                                                weighted average; see text for explanation.


            Alcyonac Prairie


                                                     164







               Appendix 11. 4. TWINSPAN ordination of plant species and prairie sites (plant species noted as 6-
                            letter abbreviations, site names displayed vertically).

                                       BBBKBBBJBBBHK-VVBSJJSSS
                                       EEENEEEARRRINOOEUAAUUU
                                       RRRGRRRNAAASGLLRMNNMMM
                                       GGGHGGGKDDDLHKKGPKKPPP
                                       EEETEEEOLLLSTNSETOOTTT
                                       RRRWRRRWYYYCRWEREWWEEE
                                       456E2371123HD2llR23RRR
                                           T         G   3 125


                        33  BIDCOR     1-1 --- 1---I-----------   000000
                        37  CALSEP     1-11--i ---------------    000000
                        38  CAMAPA     1-1-111 ---------------    000000
                        45  CLAMAR     11-1-11-1-1  -----------   000000
                        89  GENCRI     1-1-111 ---------------    000000
                       106  IRIVIR     1111111-1 ----- 1-------   000000
                       156  POLAMP     1111 ------------------    000000
                       217  TRIMAR     1---- 11 ---------------   000000
                       161  POTFRU                  -----------   000001
                          6 AGRPAR     --- 1------------ I-----   000010
                        87  GALBOR     1-1 --------- I---I-----   000010
                       105  IMPCAP     11  --------------1-----   000010
                       218  TYPANG     11-1 ------- 1     -----   000010
                        82  EUPPER     1-1--11-11--i-1    -----   000011
                       107  JUNBAL             ------ 11 -------  000011
                       132  LYCAME                        -----   000011
                       187  SCIAME     ill -------- 11 ---------  000011
                        60  CXSTRI     iiiiiiii -------- 11 ----  00010
                       112  JUNEFF     I --- 11-1 ---------1----  00010
                       183  SALEXI     Ill      ------ 1_1 ----   00010
                       214  THEPAL     I--- 1-111-1 -------1---   00010
                        36  CALCAN     Iiiiii ---- 11-11 ---1---  00011
                        50  CORSTO     -111111-1 --- 111-11 ----  00011
                        83  EUTGRA     1111111111111111111  ---   00011
                        96  HELGIG     ---- 111--iiii ---1----1   00011
                        43  CIRDIS                          ---   001000
                        20  APOCAN                      ------1   001001
                       127  LIASPI     ---- 111-111111      ---   001001
                       134  LYSCIL                          ---   001001
                       202  SOLOHI                          ---   001001
                       203  SOLRID     ---- iiiiiiiiii      ---   001001
                        53  CXAQUA     -11 ------- 11-1 --------  00101
                        84  FRANIG                      -------   00101
                        94  HELAUT                      -------   00101
                       208  SPAPEC     I-Ill ----- 111111 ------  00101
                        71  ELEOBT     --- 1------- 1--i -------  00110
                       109  JUNCAN                        -----   00110
                       143  PANVIR     ----- 11 ---- lill ------- 00110
                        15  ANECAN     --------- 11 -----------   001110
                        88  GENAND     --------- ill ----I-----   001110
                       115  JUNTEN     ------- 1111--ii-I -----   001110
                       229  VITAES     -----------  iiii-I -----  001110
                        76  EQUHYE     -------             ----   0100
                       224  VERMIS     ------- 1              1   0100
                        25  ASCSUL     -----------         1---   010100
                        26  ASCSYR     -----------  1--i ---I---  010100
                       139  MONFIS     -------- 1--- I-----I---   010100
                       210  SPICER     --------- 11-1 --- 1-1--1  010100
                       213  THADAS     --------------  1-11 ----  010100
                       129  LOBSPI     ------  1-111 --- 1--ii --- 010101
                       190  SCIPEN     -------- ill ----- 1-1 --- 010101
                       200  SOLCAN     -------- 111111111111--    010101
                        29  ASTDUM     -------- Ill --- 1-----  1- 01011
                       227  VIRERI     -------- 1111-1 ---- 1---  01011



                                                    165







                                                                           991





















                                                                              TTTTOOO
                                                                             TOOOOOOO
                                                                           TOOOOOOOOTTTTOOOO
                                                                    TTTOOTTTTTTTTTOOOOOOOO
                                                                    TTITTOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
                                                         OTTIT      -TTTT  -----------------                IlVa371V   L
                                                        TTOTTT      TT-T-T   ----------------               S'IVIcIS   60Z
                                                        TTOITT      TT-TTT   ----------------               d1flU00    IS
                                                        OTOTTT      TT-I ------------------                 IUl'I0S    Z6T
                                                        OTOTTT      -TT-T  -----------------                E'IVSVS    SST
                                                        OTOTTT      TT-T ------------------                 J.V0AHH    VLT
                                                        OTOTTI      -ITT ------------------                 riovald    V9T
                                                        OTOTTT      TTTT ------------------                 NVS'IOd    LST
                                                        OTOTTT      TT--T  -----------------                HIAGNV     VT
                                                        OTOTTT      -TT-T  -----------------                IIIWHOV    2:
                                                        TOOTTT      ITT -------------------                 d00flH'd   UT
                                                        TOOTIT      ITT -------------------                 J.HOVND    E6
                                                        TOOTTT      ITT -------------------                 IcISNVa    99
                                                        TOOTTT      ITT -------------------                 oaNIUV     ZZ
                                                        TOOTTT      IT --------------------                 NO'IIUV    TZ
                                                        TOOITT      -IT -------------------                 NaADNV     LI
                                                        OOOTTT      TTT--T   ----------------               vosvil     9ZT
                                                        OTTOTT      --- ITT  --------    I-------           dAOIOS     68T
                                                        OTTOTT      --- ITT  --------    I-------           NSSONO     TVT
                                                         OTOTT      --- I--------------        I---         CNVOdV     6T
                                                            OOTT    ITT -----   I------   T--TT--           LIV70S     66T
                                                         TTTOT      --T-T  --------    I --------           'IIVgfl'd  LLT
                                                         TTTOT      -T--T  ------   I ----------            allLclOcl  6ST
                                                         TTTOT      -T-T -------    I ----------            aoff'd00   6V
                                                         OTTOT      IT ---------    I ----------            daSflUd    E9T
                                                         OTTOT      ITT ------   T--T  ---------            dVOsai     VZT
                                                         OTTOT      --I ----------     I --------           ixoaNv     9T
                                                         TOTOT      -TTT-T   -----  IT ---------            NVOOVI     OZT
                                                         TOTOT      TITTT  ---  T-T-TI   --------           oosaxv     ET
                                                         OOTOT      -T--T  ---  T-T -----------             VHaVM      TLT
                                                         OOTOT      --T-TTT   ---------------               WIS10cl    Z9T
                                                         OOTOT      TTTTTTTT--T-TT       --------           W00V0d     SST
                                                         OOTOT      --TTT--T--T     -----------             UVOfIVC    L9
                                                             OOT    TI-TT-TTT-TT-T--T        -----          *dIHGrl'd  TST
                                                             OOT    TTT--T-1--T-T--T        ------          allad0cl   8ST
                                                             OOT    TTT-T-T-TT-TTT---T         ----         HIAVUa     98
                                                            TITO    -I ----  I--------    IT -----          ONVOVA     TZZ
                                                            TITO    I --------------      ITT  ----         7"dXH      TOT
                                                       .TTOTTO      -T-TT-TTITT     ---  TTTT  ----         IfINUOS    LOZ
                                                        TTOTTO      --TTT--TTTT--l-TIT         ----         'dIA07.d   99T
                                                        OTOTTO      -TTT-T-TT-TTTT-TTT         ----         AON'dIA    8ZZ
                                                        OTOTTO      TTTT--TTTTT-TT-TTT         ----         daoaNv     ZT
                                                        OTOTTO      T-T--T-TT--TTT--T--T-T                  ldndvf)V,E
                                                         OOTTO      --- TT--TT-TTTT-T       --- T-T         SNVIOd 09T
                                                         OOTTO      --- I-------    TT-T  -------           ONIOSV VZ
                                                         OOTTO      --- TT--T--T    ------   TT--T          SnUHOV     I



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                                          Appendix III
  I                                 Element Ranldng Critexia
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               Appendix 111. 1. Global and State ranldng critieria for plant, animal, and natural community
                             occurrences, as established by The Nature Conservancy.


               GLOBAL RANKS


                    G1 =   critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences range-wide or
                           very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially
                           vulnerable to extinction.
                    G2 =   imperiled globally because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or
                           acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its
                           range-
                    G3 =   either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at some of
                           its locations) in a restricted range (e.g. a single western state, a physiographic region in the
                           East) or because of other factor(s) making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range; in
                           terms of occurrences, in the range of 21 to 100.
                    G4 =   apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the
                           periphery-
                    G5 =   demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at
                           the periphery.
                    GH =   of historical occurrence throughout its range, i.e. formerly part of the established biota, with
                           the expectation that it may be rediscovered (e.g. Bachman!s Warbler).
                    GU =   possibly in peril range-wide, but status uncertain; need more information.
                    GX =   believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g. Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no
                           likelihood that it will be rediscovered.


               STATE RANKS


                    SI =   critically imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or very few
                           remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable
                           to extirpation in the state.
                    S2 =   imperiled in state because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals or
                           acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state.
                    S3 =   rare or uncommon in state (on the order of 21 to 100 occurrences).
                    S4 =   apparently secure in state, with many occurrences.
                    S5 =   demonstrably secure in state and essentially ineradicable under present conditions.
                    SA =   accidental in state, including species (usually birds or butterflies) recorded once or twice or
                           only at very great intervals, hundreds or even, thousands of miles outside their usual range.
                    SE =   an exotic established in the state; may be native elsewhere in North America (e.g. house
                           finch or catalpa in eastern states).
                    SH =   of historical occurrence in state and suspected to be still extant.
                    SN =   regularly occurring, usually migratory and typically nonbreeding species.
                    SR =   reported from state, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a basis for
                           either accepting or rejecting the report.
                    SRF =  reported falsely (in error) from state but this error persisting in the literature.
                    SU =   possibly in peril in state, but status uncertain; need more information.
                    SX =   apparently extirpated from state.




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               Appendix 111. 2. Element Occurrence Ranking Criteria for lakeplain prairies.

               Lakeplain Prairie Complex: Lakeplain prairie systems have been lost and degraded via conversion to
               agriculture, residential and industrial development, alterations to ground water hydrology, and fire
               suppression. The construction of extensive drainage networks to promote agriculture and residential
               development has lowered the water table in most of the natural range of lakeplain prame communities.
               Suppression of natural and cultural fires allow the community to succeed to shrub and forest communities.

               Benchmark Qmalfty Standard: At least 800 acres of prairie or oak opening must be contiguous and intact,
               A-ranked conuntunties within a complex may contain less acreage. Alterations to hydrology must be
               minimal and some level of burning must have occurred during the past 20 years. No benchmark quality
               sites exist in Michigan but occur on Walpole Island, Ontario, Canada; in the Chicago region at Chiwaukee
               Prairie. The largest Michigan fimgment is approximately 200 acres. Species diversity is relatively high
               even in small sites. Typically not less than 50 vascular plant species may be found.. Fragments that
               include only wet prairie or mesic prairie communities contain fewer vascular plant species than those that
               contain wet-mesic prairie or include a mix of types.

               Element Occurrence Size-Class: Large: 800 or more acres; Moderate 100-800 acres; small 20-100 acres;
               very small less than 20 acres.

               &undM Map : Sites may contain only one community type but larger tracts typically include a mix
               of wet, wet-mesic, and mesic types. Preserve boundaries should attempt to address preservation of
               groundwater hydrology and sufficient buffers to facilitate prescribed burning.

               ExeinplM Michigan Occurrences: Bradleyville Road, Fish Point Wildlife Area, Tuscola County; Gieger-
               Haist Roads, Wildfowl Bay Wildlife Area, Huron County; St. Johns Marsh, St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area,
               St. Clair County; Algonac State Park, St. Clair County; Sibley Road Prairie, Brownstown Township,
               Wayne County; and Sumpter Township Prairie, Wayne County.


               Lakeplain wet prairie: A-rank occurrence may have received only minimal historic disturbances. The
               site must have intact hydrology and have some evidence, either on site or documented, of periodic burning.
               A-rank includes at least 45 vascular plant species, including most of the qW indicators.

               Minimum Acres: A-rank, 200+ acres; B-rank 50-200 acres; C-rank 2-50 acres.

               RgundM Mapping: Include small pockets of emergent marsh, sedge meadow, lakeplain wet-niesic prairie,
               lakeplain mesic prairie, and lakeplain oak opening. Preserve design should attempt to preserve groundwater
               hydrology and provide room for community migration during extended drought or flood.

               ExernplM Occurrence: Berger Road, Fish Point Wildlife Area, Tuscola County; Gieger Road, Wildfowl
               Bay Wildlife Area, Huron County; St. Johns Marsh, St. Clair Flats Wildlife Area, St. Clair County.

               Lakeplain wet-mesic prairie:         A-ranked occurrence must have received only minimal historic
               disturbances. The site must have intact hydrology and have some evidence, either on site or documented, of
               periodic burning. A-rank includes at least 60 vascular plant species, including most of the type indicators
               (see description (MNFI no date)).

               Minimum Acres: A-rank occurrence 250+ acres; B-rank 75-250 acres; C-rank 10-75 acres.


                                                                   170










                  Bounda Ma             May include small pockets of lakeplain wet prairie, lakeplain mesic prairie, lakeplain
                         a --pping:
                  oak opening, old field, and small borrow pits. Preserve boundaries should address preservation of local
                  ground water hydrology. Oak woodlands are the best natural buffers.

                  E@Lcm
                       plaa Occurrences: Sibley Road Prairie, Brownstown Township, Wayne County; Bradleyville Road
                  Prairie, Fish Point Wildlife Area, Huron County; Algonac State Park Prairie, Algonac State Park, St.
                  Clair County.


                  Lakeplain mesic prairie: A-ranked occurrences have received only minimal historical disturbances. The
                  site must have intact hydrology and have some evidence, either on site or documented, of periodic burning.
                  A-rank includes at least 45 vascular plant species, including most of the type indicators.

                  Minimum Acres: A-rank occurrence is 50+ acres; B-rank 10-50 acres, C-rank 1-10 acres, D-rank 0.25-
                  1.0 acre.


                  Boundaa MaMing: This community will typically occur in conjunction with a lakeplain wet-mesic prairie
                  and may be restricted to small sandy ridges and knolls within the complex. It may also form a transition
                  zone between wet-mesic praine and oak forest.

                  ELemplM Occurrences: Sumpter Township Prairie, Wayne County; Brest Road Prairie, Taylor City,
                  Wayne County.































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                                             Appendix IV
   I              Plant Lists and Floristic Assessment of Selected Lakeplain Prairies
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                       Appendix IV. Selected Species Lists Representing Progessively Wetter to Drier Lakeplain Prairie
                                            Sites using Nfichigan's Florsitic Assessment Program (Herman et al. in prep).

                       Berger Road Prairie
                       Tuscola County, Akron Township
                       17 November 1994
                       MacKinnon
                       bergerrd.pm



                       FLORISTIC QUALITY DATA                                           NATTVE               95.5%    ADVENTIVE              4.5%
                                  85 NATIVE SPECIES                                     5 Tree               5.6%                0 Tree      0.0%
                                  89 Total Species                                      9 Shrub              10.1%               0 Shrub     0.0%
                                  4.46 NATIVE NIEAN C                                   0 Vine               0.0%                0 Vine      0.0%
                                  4.26 W/Adventives                                     56 Forb              62.9%               2 Forb      2.2%
                                  4 1. 11 NATIVE FQI                                    8 Grass              9.0%                2 Grass 2.2%
                                  40.17 W/Adventives                                    6 Sedge              6.7%                0 Sedge 0.0%
                                  -2.3 NATIVE IMEAN W                                   I Fern               1. 1%
                                  -2.3 W/Adventives
                                  AVG: FAC. WETLAND




                       ACRONYM             C SCIE1,TMC NAME                      W WETNESS          PHYSIOG         COMMON NAME



                       ACERUB              I   Acer rubrum                       0  FAC             N Tree          red maple
                       AGAPUR              7   Agalinis purpurea                 -3 FACW`           N Forb          purple gerardia
                       AGRGIG              *   AGROSTIS GIGANTEA                 0  fac             A Grass         redtop
                       ALLCAN              2   Allium canadense                  3  FACU            N Forb          wild garlic
                       ANDGER              5   Andropogon gerardii               I  FAC-            N Grass         big bluestem grass;turkeyfoot
                       ANDSCO              5   Andropogon scoparius              3  FACU            N Grass         little bluestem. grass
                       ANECAN              4   Anemone canadensis                -3 FACW`           N Forb          Canada anemone
                       APOCAN              3   Apocynum cannabinum               0  FAC             N Forb          Indian hemphenip dogbane
                       APOSIB              3   Apocynum sibiricum                -1 FAC+            N Forb          clasping dogbane
                       ASTDUM              7   Aster dumosus                     -1 FAC+            N Forb          bushy aster
                       BIDCER              3   Bidens cemua                      -5 OBL             N Forb          nodding bur-marigold
                       BIDCOR              7   Bidens coronata                   -5 OBL             N Forb          tall swamp-marigold
                       CALCAN              3   Calaniagrostis canadensis         -5 OBL             N Grass         blue-joint grass
                       CALSEP              2   Calystegia sepium                 0  FAC             N Forb          hedge bindweed
                       CAMAPA              7   Campanula. aparinoides            -5  -OBL           N Forb          marsh bellflower
                       CXAQUA              7   Carex aquatilis                   -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                       CXSnu               4   Carex stricta                     -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                       CICMAC              4   Cicuta maculata                   -5 OBL             N Forb          water hemlock
                       CIRDIS              4   Cirsium discolor                  5  UPL             N Forb          pasture-thistle
                       CLAMAR             10   Cladium mariscoides               4  facw+           N Sedge         twig-rush
                       COMUMB              5   Comandra umbellata                3  FACU            N Forb          bastard-toadflax
                       CORFOE              I   Comus foemina                     -2 FACW-           N Shrub         gray dogwood
                       CORSTO              2   Cormis stolonifera.               -3 FACW            N Shrub         red-osier dogwood
                       ELEELL              6   Eleocharis elliptica,             -3 FACW            N Sedge         golden-seeded spike rush
                       EPICOL              3   Epilobium coloraturn              -5 OBL             N Forb          cinnamon willow-herb
                       ERIPI-11            2   Erigeron philadelphicus           -3 FACW`           N Forb          marsh fleabane
                       EUPPER              4   Eupatorium perfoliatum            4  FACW+           N Forb          common boneset
                       EUTGRA              3   Euthamia graminifolia          .-2   FACW-           N Forb          grass-leaved goldenrod
                       FRAVIR              2   Fragaria virginiana               I  FAC-            N Forb          wild strawberry
                       FRANIG              6   Fraximis nigra                    4  FACW+           N Tree          black ash



                                                                                             175











                      ACRONYM              C   SCIENWIC NAME                      W WETNESS          PHYSIOG COMMON NAME


                      FRAPEN               2   Fraxinus pennsylvanica             -3 FACW            N Tree          red ash
                      GALBOR               3   Galium boreale                     0  FAC             N Forb          northern bedstraw
                      GALTRD               6   Galium trifidum                    -4 FACW+           N Forb          small bedstraw
                      GENCRI               8   Gentianopsis crinita               -4 FACW+           N Forb          firinged gentian
                      BELAUT               5   Helenium autumnale                 -4 FACW+           N Forb          sneezeweed
                      BELGIG               5   Helianthus giganteus               -3 FACW            N Forb          tall sunflower
                      HYPKAL               10  Hypericurn kalmianum               -2 FACW-           N Shrub         Kalds St. John!s-wort
                      Df1PCAP              2   Impatiens capensis                 -3 FACW            NForb           spotted touch-me-not
                      IRIVIR               5   Iris virginica                     -5 OBL             N Forb          southern blue flag
                      JUNALP               5   Junctis alpinus                    -5 OBL             N Forb          rush
                      JUNBAL               4   Juncus balticus                    -5 OBL             N Forb          rush
                      JUNCAN               6   Juncus canadensis                  -5 OBL             N Forb          Canadian rush
                      JUNEFF               3   Juncus effusus                     -5 OBL             N Forb          soft-stemmed rush
                      LATPA                7   Lathyrus palustris                 .3 FACW            N Forb          marsh pea
                      LIASPI               8   Liatris spicata                    0  FAC             N Forb          marsh blazing star
                      LOBSPI               4   Lobelia spicata                    0  FAC             N Forb          pale spiked lobelia
                      LYCAI@E              2   Lycopus americanus                 .5 OBL             N Forb          common water horehound
                      LYSCIL               4   Lysimachia ciliata                 -3 FACW            N Forb          firinged loosestrife
                      LYSQUL               9   Lysimachia, quadrifolia            -5 OBI,            N Forb          whorled loosestrife
                      LYTALA,              9   Lythrum alaturn                    -5 OBL             N Forb          winged loosestrife
                      MUHMEX               3   Muhlenbergia mexicana              -3 FACW            N Grass         leafy satin grass
                      PANVIR               4   Panicum virgatum                   -1 FAC+            N Grass         switch grass
                      PHAARU               0   Phalaris arundinacea               -4 FACW+           N Grass         reed canary grass
                      PLALEU               10  Platanthera leucophaea             -4 FACW+           N Forb          eastern prairie ftinged orchid
                                               <E>
                      POACOM                   POA COWRESSA                       2  FACU+           A Grass         Canada bluegrass
                      POLAMP               6   Polygonurn. amphibium.             -5 OBL             N Forb,         water smartweed
                      POPDEL               I   Populus deltoides                  -1 FAC+            N Tree          cottonwood
                      POPTRE               I   Populus tremuloides                0  FAC             N Tree          quaking aspen
                      POTANS               5   Potentilla. anserina               -4 FACW+           N Forb          silverveed
                      POTFRU               10  Potentilla. fruticosa              -3 FACW            N Shrub         shrubby cinquefoil
                      PYCVIR               5   Pycnanthemum                       -4 FACW+           N Forb          common mountain mint
                                               virginianurn
                      ROSPAL               5   Rosa palustris                     -5 OBL             N Shrub         swamp rose
                      RUBHES               4   Rubus hispidus;                    -3 FACW            N Shrub         swamp dewberry
                      RUDHR                I   Rudbeckia hirta                    3  FACU            N Forb          black-eyed Susan
                      RUMACL               *   RUMEXACETOSELLA                    0  FAC @           A Forb          sheep or red sorrel
                      SALDIS               I   Salix discolor                     -3 FACW            N Shrub         pussy willow
                      SALEM                I   Salix e)dgua                       -5 OBI,            N Shrub         sandbar willow
                      SCIACU               5   Scirpus acutus,                    -5 OBL             N Sedge         hardstern bulrush
                      SCLAIVIE             5   Scupus arnericamis                 -5 OBL             N Sedge         three-square-,bulrush
                      SENAUR               5   Senecio aureus                     -3 FACW            N Forb          golden ragwort
                      SENPLA               5   Sertecio plattensis                4  FACU-           N Forb          prairie ragwort
                      SISMON               4   Sisyrinchium montanum              -1 FAC+            N Forb          mountain blue-eyed-grass
                      SMISTE,              5   Smilacina, stellata                I  FAC-            N Forb          starry false Solomon-seal
                      SOLALT               I   Solidago altissima.                3  FACU            N Forb          tall goldenrod
                      SOLNEM               2   Solidago nemoralis                 5  UPL             N Forb          old-field goldenrod
                      SOLOI-11             8   Solidago ohioensis                 -5 OBL             N Forb          Ohio goldenrod
                      SOLRID               6   Solidago riddellii                 -5 OBL             N Forb          Riddell's goldenrod
                      SORNUT               6   Sorghastrum nutans                 2  FACU+           N Grass         Indian grass
                      SPAPEC               5   Spartina pectinata,                4  FACW+           N Grass         cordgraSS
                      SPICER               4   Spiranthes cemua                   -2 FACW-           N Forb          nodding ladies'-tresses
                      STATEN               5   Stachys tenuifolia                 -5 OBI,            N Forb          smooth hedge nettle
                      TEUCAN               4   Teucrium. canadense                -2 FACW-           N Forb          wood sage
                      TBEPAL               2   Thelypteris palustris              -4 FACW+           N Fem           marsh fern
                      TR]MAR               8   Triglochin maritimurn              -5 OBL             N Forb          common bog arrow-grass
                      TYPANG                   TYPHA                              -5 - OBL           A Forb          narrow-leaved cat-tail



                                                                                              176












                  ACRONYM         C   SCIE=C NAME              W WETNESS PHYSIOG COMMON NAME



                                      ANGUSTIFOLIA
                  VACANG          4   Vaccmium angustifolium    3 FACU          N Shrub     blueberry
                  VERALT          4   Verbesina alternifolia    -3 FACW         N Forb      wingstem
                  VIRERI          3   Virgulus ericoides        4 FACU-         N Forb      heath aster
                  VIRNOV          3   Virgulus: novae-angliae  -3 FACW          N Forb      New England aster
























































                                                                        177











                    Thomas Road Prairie
                    Tuscola County, Akron Township
                    November 17, 1994
                    MacKinnon
                    splthoma.doc





                               ]FLORISTIC QUALITY DATA                  NATIVE               92.3%       ADVENTIVE           7.7%
                               84        NATIVE SPECIES                 5          Tree      5.5%        0        Tree       0.0%
                               91        Total Species                  8          Shrub     8.8%        1        Shrub      1.1%
                               4.64      NATIVE MEAN C                  2          Vine      2.2%        0        Vine       0.0%
                               4.29      W/Adventives                   42         Forb      46.2%       3        Forb       3.3%
                               42.55     NATIVE FQI                     10         Grass     11.0%       3        Grass      3.3%
                               40.98     W/Adventives                   14         Sedge     15.4%       0        Sedge      0.0%
                               -2.1      NATIVE MEAN W                  3          Fern      3.3%
                               -1.7      W/Adventives
                               AVG:      FAC. WETLAND








                    ACRONYM             C   SCBaTMC NAME                    W  WETNESS         PHYSIOG.        COMMONNAME


                    AGAFUR              7   Agalinis purpurea               -3 FACW`           N Forb          purple gerardia
                    AGRHYE              4   Agrostis hyernalis,             i  FAC-            N Grass         ticklegrass
                    ANDGER              5   Andropogon gerardii             I  FAC-            N Grass         big bluestem grass, turkeyfoot
                    ANDSCO,             5   Andropogon scoparius;           3  FACU            N Grass         little bluestem grass
                    ANECYL              6   Anemone cylindrica              5  UPL             N Forb,         thimbleweed
                    APIAME              3   Apios americana                 -3 FACW            N Forb          groundnut;indian-potato
                    APOSEB              3   Apocynum sibiricurn             -1 FAC+            N Forb          clasping dogbane
                    AROPRU              5   Aronia, prunifolia              -3 FACW            N Shrub         black chokeberry
                    ARTCAR                  ARTE1,4ISIA                     5  upl             A Forb          Kansas mugwort
                                            CARRUrHIl
                    ASTLAT              2   Aster lateriflorus              -2 FACW-           N Forb          side-flowering aster
                    BIDCOR              7   Bidens coronata                 -5 OBL             N Forb,         tall swantl>-maxigold
                    BROCEL              6   Bromus ciliatas                 -3 FACW`           N Grass         fringed brome,
                    BROINE              *   BROMUS U4ER1vffS                5  UPL             A Grass         Himganan brome;smooth. brome,
                    CALCAN              3   Calamagrostis                   -5 OBL             N Grass         blue-joint grass
                                            canadensis
                    CALSEP              2   Calystegia sepiurn              0  FAC             N Forb,         hedge bindweed
                    C3MLTXB             10  Carex buxbaumii                 -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CXCOMO              5   Carex comosa                    -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CXHYST              2   Carex hystericina               -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CXIACU              6   Carex lacustris                 -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CXLASI              10  Carex lasiocarpa,               -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CXMUBL              7   Carex muhlenbergii              5  UPL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CXPRAI              10  Carex prairea                   4  TACW+           N Sedge         sedge
                    CXSTRI              4   Carex stricta                   -5 OBL             N Sedge         sedge
                    CASCOC              8   Castilleja coccinea             0  FAC             N Forb          Indian paintbrush
                    CBEALB                  CHENOPODRJM                     i  FAC-            A Forb          lamVs quarters;"pigweed"
                                            ALBUM
                    CICBUL              5   Cicuta bulbifera                -5 OBL             N Forb          water hemlock




                                                                                       178












                       ACRONYM              C  SCIENTIFIC NAME                   W  WETNESS         PHYSIOG.        COMMON NAME


                       CLAMAR               10 Cladium mariscoides               -5 OBL             N Sedge         twig-rush
                       COMIJAM              5  Comandra umbellata                3  FACU            N Forb          bastard-toadflax
                       CORFOE               I  Cornus foemina                    -2 FACW-           N Shrub         gray dogwood
                       CORSTO               2  Cornus stolonifera                -3 FACW            N Shrub         red-osier dogwood
                       ELAUMB                  EIAEAGNUS                         3  facu            A Shrub         autumn-olive
                                               UMBELLATA
                       ELEELL               6  Eleocharis elliptica.             -3 FACW            N Sedge         golden-seeded spike nish
                       ELEERY               4  Eleocharis erythropoda            -5 OBL             N Sedge         spike-rush
                       ELEOBT               3  Eleocharis obtusa                 -5 OBL             N Sedge         spike-rush
                       EQUARV               0  Equiseturn arvense                0  FAC             N Fern          common or field horsetail
                       EQUHYE               2  Equisetum hyernale                -2 FACW-           N Fern          scouring rush
                       EREHIE               2  Erechtites hieracifolia           3  FACU            N Forb          fireweed
                       EUPPER               4  Eupatorium perfoliatum            4  FACW+           N Forb          common boneset
                       EUTGRA               3  Euthamia graminifolia             -2 FACW-           N Forb          grass-leaved goldenrod
                       FRAVIR               2  Fragaria virginiana               I  FAC-            N Forb          wild strawberry
                       FRAPEN               2  Fraxmus pennsylvamca              -3 FACW            N Tree          red ash
                       GALBOR               3  Galium. boreale                   0  FAC             N Forb          northern bedstraw
                       BELGIG               5  Helianthus giganteus              -3 FACW            N Forb          tall sunflower
                       IRIVIR               5  Iris virginica                    -5 OBL             N Forb          southern blue flag
                       JUNBIF               8  Juncus biflorus<SC>                  -3              FACW N          forb two-flowered rush
                       RJNCAN               6  Juncus canadensis                 -5 OBL             N Forb          Canadian rush
                       JUNEFF               3  Juncus effusus                    -5 OBL             N Forb          soft-stemmed rush
                       LACCAN               2  Lactuca canadensis                2  FACU+           N Forb          tall lettuce
                       LATPAL               7  Lathyrus palustris                -3 FACW            N Forb          marsh pea
                       LIASPI               8  Liatris spicata                   0  FAC             N Forb          marsh blazing star
                       LOBKAL               10 Lobeha kalmii                     -5 OBL             N Forb          bog lobelia
                       LYCAME               2  Lycopus americamis,               -5 OBL             N Forb          common water horehound
                       LYCUNI               2  Lycopus uniflorus                 -5 OBL             N Forb          northern bugle weed
                       LYSQUL               8  Lysimachia, quadrifolia           -5 OBL             N Forb          whorled or four-leaved loosestrife:
                       LYSTER               6  Lysimachia terrestris             -5 OBL             N Forb          swamp candles
                       MONFIS,              2  Monarda fistulosa                 3  FACU            N Forb          wild bergamot
                       MUHGLO               10 Muhlenbergia. glomerata           4  FACW+           N Grass         marsh wild-timothy
                       PANVIR               4  Panicurn virgatum                 -1 FAC+            N Grass         switch grass
                       PHAARU               0  Phalaris arundinacea              4  FACW+           N Grass         reed canary grass
                       PBLPRA               *  PBLEUM PRATENSE                   3  FACU            A Grass         Timothy
                       POACOM               *  POA COMPRESSA                     2  FACU+           A Grass         Canada bluegrass
                       POLAMP               6  Polygonum. amplublurn             -5 @OBL            N Forb          water smartweed
                       POPTRE               I  Populus, tremuloides              0  FAC             N Tree          quaking aspen
                       POTANS               5  Potentilla anserina               4  FACW+           N Forb          silverweed
                       POTFRU               10 Potentilla fruticosa              -3 FACW            N Shrub         shrubby cinquefoil
                       POTSIM               2  Potentilla simplex                4  FACU-           N Forb          old-field or common cinquefoil
                       PRUPTJM              8  Primus pumila                     5  UPL             N Shrub         sand cherry
                       PYCVIR               5  Pycrianthemuni                    4  FACW+           N Forb          common mountain mint
                                               virginianum
                       QUEBIC               8  Quercus bicolor                   4  FACW+           N Tree          swamp white oak
                       QUEMAC               5  Quercus macrocarpa                I  FAC-            N Tree          bur oak
                       RHUTYP               2  Rhus typhina                      5  UPL             N Tree          staghorn sumac
                       ROSPAL               5  Rosa palustris                    -5 OBL             N Shrub         swamp rose
                       RUBFIA               I  Rubus flagellaris                 4  FACU-           N Shrub         northern dewberry
                       SALPET               I  Salix petiolaris                  4  FACW+           N Shrub         slender or meadow willow
                       SCIACU               5  Scirpus acutas                    -5 OBL             N Sedge         hardstem bulrush
                       SCIAME               5  Scirpus americamis                -5 OBL             N Sedge         three-square;buhush
                       SENPAU               3  Senecio papperculus               -1 FAC+            N Forb          balsam ragwort
                       SOLALT               I  Sohdago altissima                 3  FACU            N Forb          tall goldenrod
                       SOLOFH               8  Solidago ohioensis                -5 OBL             N Forb          ohio goldenrod
                       SOLRUG               3  Solidago rugosa                   -1 FAC+            N Forb          rough goldenrod
                       SORNUT               6  Sorghastrum mitans                2  FACU+           N Grass         Indian grass
                       SPAPEC               5  Spartina pectinata                4  FACW+           N Grass         cordgrass



                                                                                             179













                    ACRONYM             C   SCEENTIFIC NAME                W    WETNESS        PHYSIOG.        COMMONNAME


                    TEUCAN              4   Teucrium canadense             -2   FACW-          N Forb          wood sage
                    TBEPAL              2   Thelypteris palustris          4    FACW+          NFern           marsh fern
                    TOFGLU              10  Tofieldia glutinosa.           -5   OBL            N Forb          false asphodel
                    TOXRAR              2   To)dcodendron radicans         -1   FAC+           N Vine          poison-ivy
                    TPJFRA              6   Triadenum fiweri               -5   OBL            N Forb          marsh St. John!s-wort
                    TYPANG                  TYPHA                          -5   OBL            A Forb          narrow-leaved cat-tail
                                            ANGUSTTFOLIA
                    VIRERI              3   Virgulus ericoides             4    FACU-          N Forb          heath aster
                    VIRNOV              3   Virgdus novae-angliae          -3   FACW           N Forb          New England aster
                    V=                  3   Vitis riparia                  -2   FACW-          N Vine          riverbank grape




















































                                                                                      180









                      Pipeline Prairie
                      Allegan County, Hamilton Township
                      November 17, 1994
                      MacKinnon
                      splpipel.doc



                      FLORISTIC QUALITY DATA                                 NATIVE              94.1%     ADVENTIVE              5.9%
                                 64          NATIVE SPECIES                 5         Tree       7.4%      0          Tree        0.0%
                                 68          Total Species                   10       Shrub      14.7%     0          Shrub       0.0%
                                 5.70        NATIVE MEAN CO                  0        Vine       0.0%      0          Vine        0. 0 */o
                                 5.37        W/Adventives                    27       Forb       39.7%     3          Forb        4.4%
                                 45.63       NATIVE FQI                      9        Grass      13.2% 1              Grass       1.5%
                                 44.26       W/Adventives                    13       Sedge      19.1%     0          Sedge       0.0%
                                 -1.4        NATIVE MEAN W                   0        Fem        0.0%
                                 -1.1        W/Adventives
                                 AVG:        FACULTATIVE (+)





                      ACRONYM                C   SCIENMC NAME                      W  WETNESS          PHYSIOG        COMMONNAI@E


                      ALEFAR                 10  Aletris farinosa                  0  FAC              N Forb         colic root;stargrass
                      ANDGER                 5   Andropogon gerardii               I  FAC-             N Grass        big bluestern grass;turkeyfoot
                      ANDSCO                 5   Andropogon scoparius              3  FACU             N Grass        little bluestein grass
                      ANDVIR                 4   Andropogon virginicus             I  FAC-             N Grass        broom-sedge
                      ARANUD                 5   Aralia nudicaulis                 3  FACU             N Forb         wild sarsaparilla
                      AROPRU                 5   Aronia prunifolia                 -3 FACW             N Shrub        black chokeberry
                      ASTDLTM                7   Aster dumosus                     -1 FAC+             N Forb         bushy aster
                      ASTLAE                 5   Aster laevis                      5  UPL              N Forb         smooth aster
                      ASTUMB                 5   Aster umbellatus                  -3 FACW             N Forb         tall flat top white aster
                      BULCAP                 5   Bulbostylis capillaris            2  FACU+            N Sedge        sedge
                      CALCAN                 3   Calamagirostis                    -5 OBL              N Grass        blue-joint grass
                                                 canadcnsis
                      CXAQUA                 7   Carex aquatilis                   -5 OBL              N Sedge        sedge
                      CXBEBB                 6   Carex bebbii                      -5 OBL              N Sedge        sedge
                      CXLASI                 10  Carex lasiocarpa                  -5 OBL              N Sedge        sedge
                      CXLTJPL                4   Carex 1upulina                    -5 OBL              N Sedge        sedge
                      CxSnu                  4   Carex stricta.                    -5 OBL              N Sedge        sedge
                      CORTRP                 7   Coreopsis tripteris               0  FAC              N Forb         tall coreopsis
                      DIGSAN                     DIGITARIA                         3  FACU             A Grass        hairy crab grass
                                                 SANGUINALIS
                      ECHIEN                 10  Echmodorus teneRus<E>             -1 OBL              N Forb         dwarf burhead
                      ELEELL                 6   Eleocharis elliptica              -3 FACW             N Sedge        golden-seeded spike rush
                      ELEENG                 8   Eleocharis engelmannii            -3 FACW             N Sedge        Engehnann!s spike-rush
                                                 .SC>
                      ELETRI                 10  Eleochans tdcostata<T>            -1 OBL              N Sedge        three-ribbed spike-rush
                      EUPPER                 4   Eupatorrant perfoliatum           -4 FACW+            N Forb         common boneset
                      EUTTEN                 10  Euthamia tenuifoha                -3 facw             N Forb         coastal plain flat-topped goldenrod
                      FH-AAUT                6   Firribristylis autumnalis         -4 FACW+            N Sedge        sedgefinnbristylis
                      FRAVIR                 2   Fragaria virginiana               I  FAC-             N              wild strawberry
                      GALPAR                     GALINSOGA                         5  upl              A Forb         quickweed
                                                 PARVELORA
                      GAUPRO                 5   Gaultheria procumbens             3  FACU             N Shrub        wintergreen
                      GAYBAC                 7   Gaylussacia baccata               3  FACU             N Shrub        huckleberry



                                                                                          181












                    ACRONYM                 C  SCIENTIFIC NAME                  W  WETNESS        PHYSIOG.        COMMON NAME

                    GENPUB                  10 Gentiana                         3  facu           N Forb          downy gentian
                                               puberulenta<E>
                    HYPMAJ                  4  Hypericurn majus                 -3 FACW           N Forb          larger Canada St. John!s-wort
                    JUNBIF                  8  Juncus biflorus,4SC>             -3 FACW           N Forb          two-flowered rush
                    JUNBRP                  9  Juncus brachycarpus<-F>          -3 FACW           N Forb          short-fiuited rush
                    AJNDUD                  I  Juncus dudleyi                   0  FAC            N Forb          Dudley's rush
                    RJNSCI                  9  Juncus scirpoides<T>             -4 FACW+          N Forb          round-headed rush
                    LL4LSPI                 8  Liatris spicata                  0  FAC            N Forb          marsh blazing star
                    LYCAIVIE                2  Lycopus americanus               -5 OBL            N Forb          common water horehound
                    MOLVER                     MOLLUGO                          0  FAC            A Forb          carpet-weed
                                               VERnCn,LATA
                    PANSPH                  5  Panicum sphaerocarpon            3  FACU           N Grass         round-fi-uited panic grass
                    PANSPR                  10 Panicum spretum                  -5 UPL            N Grass         panic grass
                    PANVIR                  4  Panicurn virgatum,               -1 FAC+           N Grass         switch grass
                    PINBAN                  5  Pinus banksiana,                 3  facu           N Tree          jack pine
                    POLAMP                  6  Polygonum amphibium              -5 OBL            N Forb          water smartweed
                    POPTRE                  I  Populus tremuloides              0  FAC            N Tree          quaking aspen
                    POTSIM                  2  Potentilla simplex               4  FACU-          N Forb          old-field or common cinquefoil
                    PYCVIR                  5  Pycnanthemum                     4  FACW+          N Forb          common mountain mint
                                               virginianum
                    QUF-4-LB                5  Quercus alba,                    3  FACU           N Tree          white oak
                    QUERUB                  5  Quercus rubra,                   3  FACU           N Tree          red oak
                    QUEVEL                  6  Quercus; velutina                5  UPI,           N Tree          black oak
                    RHYCAT                  6  Rhynchospora, capitellata        -5 OBL            N Sedge         beak-rush
                    ROTRAM                  8  Rotala ramosior<:SC>             -5 OBL            N Forb          tooth-cup
                    RUBFIA                  I  Rubus flagellaris                4  FACU-          N Shrub         northern dewberry
                    RUBHIS                  4  Rubus hispidus                   -3 FACW           N Shrub         swamp dewberry
                    SALHUM                  4  Salix hurnolis                   3  FACU           N Shrub         upland or prairie willow
                    SALPET                  I  Salix petiolaris                 4  FACW+          N Shrub         slender or meadow willow
                    SCICYP                  5  Scirpus cyperinus                -5 OBL            N Sedge         wool-grass-,bulrush
                    SCRIAL                  10 Scirpus halhi<E>                 -5 OBL            N Sedge         Hall's bulrush
                    SCUGAL                  5  Scutellaria galericulata         -5 OBL            N Forb          common skullcap
                    SISALT                     SISYMBRIUM                       3  FACU           A Forb          tumble mustard
                                               ALTISSIMUM
                    SOLSPE                  5  Solidago, speciosa               5  13PL           N Forb          showy goldenrod
                    SORNUT                  6  Sorghastrum nutans               2  FACU+          N Grass         Indian grass
                    SPAPEC                  5  Spartina, pectinata              4  FACW+          N Grass         cordrdSS
                    SPIAIB                  4  Spiraea alba                     4  FACW+          N Shrub         meadowsweet
                    SPITOM                  5  Spiraea tomentosa                -3 FACW           N Shrub         hardhack;steeplebush
                    SPICER                  4  Spiranthes cermra                -2 FACW-          N Forb          nodding ladies-tresses
                    STAHYS                  10 Stachys hyssopifolia             4  FACW+          N Forb          hyssop hedge nettle
                    VACANG                  4  Vaccinium angastifolium          3  FACU           N Shrub         blueberry
                    VIOLAN                  8  Viola lanceolata,                -5 OBL            N Forb          lance-leaved violet




















                                                                                       182









                       King Road Prairie
                       Wayne County, Brownstown Township
                       17 November, 1994
                       MacKinnon
                       sp-Udngr.doc


                                  FLORISTIC QUALITY DATA                    NATIVE               90.6%      ADVENTIVE            9.4%
                                  116    ,   NATIVE SPECIES                 10         Tree      7.8%       1         Tree       0.8%
                                  128        Total Species                  I I        Shrub     8.6%       0         Shrub      0.0%
                                  5.01       NATIVE MEAN C                  2          Vine      1.6%       0         Vine       0.0%
                                  4.54       W/Adventives                   64         Forb      50.0%      8         Forb       6.3%
                                  53.94      NATIVE FQI                     14         Grass     10.9%      3         Grass      2.3%
                                  51.35      W/Adventives                   I I        Sedge     8.6%       0         Sedge      0.0%
                                  -0.5       NATIVE MEAN W                  4          Fern      3.1%
                                  -0.3       W/Adventives
                                  AVG:       FACULTATIVE






                       ACRONYM               C  SCIENMC NAME                        W  WETNESS         PHYSIO         COMMONNAME
                                                                                                       G.

                       ACERUB                I  Acer rubrum                         0  FAC             N Tree         red maple
                       AGAPUR                7  Agahnis purpurea                    -3 FACW`           N Forb         purple gerardia
                       AGATEN                5  Agalinis tenuifolia.                -3 FACW            N Forb         common gerardia
                       ALEFAR              10   Aletris farinosa                    0  FAC             N Forb         colic root;stargrass
                       AM13ART               0  Ambrosia artemisfifolia             3  FACU            N Forb         common ragweed
                       ANDGER                I  Andropogon gerardii                 I  FAC-            N Grass        big bluestem grass; turkeyfoot
                       ANDSCO                5  Andropogon scoparius                3  FACU            N Grass        little bluestem. grass
                       ANDVIR                4  Andropogon virginicus               I  FAC-            N Grass        broom-sedge
                       ANECAN                4  Anemone canadensis                  -3 FACW            N Forb         canada anemone
                       ANGVEN                8  Angelica vencnosa. <SC>             3  facti           N forb         hairy Angelica.
                       ANTNEG                3  Antennaria neglecta                 5  UPI             N Forb         cats foot
                       APOCAN                3  Apocynum cannabinurn                0  FAC             N Forb         Indian hemp; hemp dogbane
                       ARILON                6  Anstida longispica <T>              4  FACU-           N grass        three-awned grass
                       ARINEC                4  Aristida necopina.                  5  UPI             N Grass        three-awned grass
                       ARIPUR                8  Aristida purpurasceris              5  UPI,            N Grass        three-awned grass
                       AROPRU                5  Aronia. prunifolia                  -3 FACW            N Shrub        black chokeberry
                       ASCINC                6  Asclepias incarnata                 -1 OBL             N Forb         swamp milkweed
                       ASCSUL                9  Asclepias sullivantii <T>           5  UPL             N forb         SuHivanVs niilkweed
                       ASCSYR                I  Asclepias syriaca                   5  UPL             N Forb         common milkweed
                       ASPOFF                   ASPARAGUS                           3  FACU            A Forb         asparagus
                                                OFFICINALIS
                       ASTLAN                2  Aster lanceolatus                   -3 facw            N Forb         eastern lined aster
                       BAPTIN              10  -Baptisia tinctoria                  5  upI             N Forb         wild indigo
                       BROINE                *  BROMUS 114ERMIS                     5  UPI,            A Grass        Hungarian brome; smooth brome
                       CALCAN                3  Calamagrostis canadensis            -5 OBL             N Grass        blue-joint grass
                       CXGRAN                2  Carex granularis                    -4 FACW+           N Sedge        sedge
                       CXSTIP                I  Carex stipata                       -5 OBL             N Sedge        sedge
                       CICINT                *  CICHORIUM DrMUS                     5  UPL             A Forb         chicory
                       CIRDIS                4  Cirsium discolor                    5  UPI,            N Forb         pasture-thistle
                       CHZMUT                6  Cirsium muticum                     -5 OBL             N Forb         swarnp-:thistle
                       CORTRP                7  Coreopsis tripteris                 0  FAC             N Forb         tall coreopsis
                       CORAMO                2  Cornusamomum                        4  FACW+           N Shrub        silky or pale dogwood
                       CORSTO                2  Cornus stolonifera                  -3 FACW            N Shrub        red-osier dogwood



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                     ACRONYM               C SCIENTIFIC NAME                      W WETNESS           PHYSIO         COMMON NAME
                                                                                                      G.

                     CYPFIL                2  Cyperus filiculmis                  4   FACU-           N Sedge        umbrella sedge
                     DAUCAR                *  DAUCUS CAROTA                       5   TJPL            A Forb         wild carrot;Queen-Annes-lace
                     DESSES                8  Desmodium sessiUblium               5   UPL             N Forb         sessile-leaved tick-trefoil
                     ELEELL                6  Eleocharis elliptica,               -3  FACW`           N Sedge        golden-seeded spike rush
                     EQUHYE                2  Equiseturn hyernale                 -2  FACW-           N Fern         scouring rush
                     EUPMAM                4  Eupatorium maculatum                -5  OBL             N Forb         Joe-Pye weed
                     EUPPER                4  Eupatorium perfoliatum              -4  FACW+           N Forb         common boneset
                     EUTGRA                3  Euthamia graminifolia               -2  FACW-           N Forb         grass-leaved goldenrod
                     FIMAUT                6  Finibristylis autumnalis            -4  FACW+           N Sedge        sedge;finibristylis
                     FRAVIR                2  Fragaria virginiana                 I   FAC-            N Forb         wild strawberry
                     GENCRI                8  Gentianopsis crinita                4   FACW+           N Forb         fi-inged gentian
                     GENPRO                8  Gentianopsis procera                -5  OBL             N Forb         small fringed gentian
                     BELAUT                5  Helenium autumnale                  4   FACW+           N Forb         sneezeweed,
                     HIELON                6  Ifieracium. longipilum              5   TJPL            N Forb         long-bearded hawkweed
                     HIEPIA                *  H[ERACrUM PILOSEUA                  5   upl             A Forb         mouse-ear hawkweed
                     HYPCAN                6  Hypericurn canadense                -3  FACW            N Forb         Canadian St. John!s-wort
                     HYPKAL                10 Hypericurn kalmianum                -2  FACW-           N Shrub        Kalm's St. John's-wort.
                     HYPPRO                5  Hypericuin prolificurn              3   FACU            N Shrub        shrubby StJolufs-wort
                     IRIVIR                5  Iris virginica                      -5  OBL             N Forb         southern blue flag
                     JUNBIF                8  Juncus biflorus <SC>                -3  FACW            N forb         two-flowered rush
                     JUNBRP                9  Juncus brachycarpus <T>             -3  FACW            N forb         short-fi-tuted rush
                     JUNCAN                6  Juncus canadensis                   -5  OBL             N Forb         Canadian rush
                     JUNDUD                I  Juncus dudleyi                      0   FAC             N Forb         Dudley's rush
                     JUNGRE                10 Juncus greenei                      0   FAC             N Forb         Greene!s rash
                     JUNVIR                3  Juniperus virginiana                3   FACU            N Tree         red-cedar
                     KRI131F               5  Krigia biflora                      3   FACU            N Forb         false dandelion
                     KPJVIR                4  Krigia virginica                    5   UPI,            N Forb         dwarf dandelion
                     LIACYL                5  Liatris cyhndracea                  5   UPL             N Forb         cylindrical blazing star
                     LIASCA                5  Liatris scariosa                    5   UPI             N Forb         northern blazing star
                     LIASPI                8  Liatris spicata                     0   FAC             N Forb         marsh blazing star
                     LH4MED                7  Linum medium                        3   FACU            N Forb         small yellow flax
                     LOBKAL                10 Lobeha kaln-di                      -5  OBL             N Forb         boglobelia
                     LOBSPI                4  Lobelia spicata                     0   FAC             N Forb         pale spiked lobelia
                     LUDALT                8  Ludwigia alternifolia <T>           -5  OBL             N forb         seedbox
                     LYCAME                2  Lycopus americamis                      OBL             N Forb         common water horehound
                     LYTALA                9  Lythrum alatum                      -5  OBL             N Forb         winged loosestrife
                     LYTSAL                *  LYTHRUM SALICARIA                   -5  OBL             A Forb         purple loosestrife
                     MUHGLO                10 Muhlenbergia glomerata              4   FACW+           N Grass        marsh wild-timothy
                     MUHUNI                8  Muhlenbergia uniflora               -5  OBL             N Grass        muhly grass
                     OENBIE                2  Oenothera biennis                   3   FACU            N Forb         common evening-primrose
                     ONOSEN                2  Onoclea sensibilis                  -3  FACW`           NFern          sensitive fern
                     OSIvdREG              5  Osmunda regalis                     -5  OBL             N Fern         royalfern
                     PANLID                8  Panicum lindheimeri                 -5  UPI,            N Grass        panic grass
                     PANNIER               7  Panicurn meridionale                5   UPI,            N Grass        mat panic grass
                     PANRIG                7  Paineum rigidulum                   -3  FACW            N Grass        panic grass
                     PARQUI                5  Parthenocissus;                     I   FAC-            N Vine         Virginia creeper
                                              quinquefolia
                     PENHIR                5  Penstemon hirsutus                  5   UPL             N Forb         hairy beard-tongue
                     PHAARU                0  Phalaris arundinacea                4   FACW+           N Grass        reed canary grass
                     PBLPRA                *  PHLEUM PRATENSE                     3   FACU            A Grass        Timothy
                     PLARUG                0  Plantago rugelii                    0   FAC             N Forb         red-stalked plantain
                     PLAFLA                10 Platanthera flava                   -3  FACW            N Forb         tubercled orchid
                     POACOM                *  POA COMPRESSA                       2   FACU+           A Grass        Canada bluegrass
                     POLSAN                4  Polygala, sanguinea                 3   FACU            N Forb         field milkwort
                     POLRAM                7  Polygonum ramosissimum              I   FAC-            N Forb         bushy knotweed
                     POPDEL                I  Populus deltoides                   -1  FAC+            N Tree         cottonwood
                     POPTRE                I  Populus tremuloides                 0   FAC             N Tree         quaking aspen



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                      ACRONYM               C   SCffi=C NAME                       W  WETNESS         PHYSIO,        COMMON NAME
                                                                                                      G.

                      POTSIM                2   Potentilla simplex                 4  FACU-           N Forb         old-field or common cinquefoil
                      PROPAL                6   Proserpinaca palustris             -5 OBL             N Forb         mermaid-weed
                      pRUVUL                *   PRUNEUA VULGARIS                   0  FAC             A Forb         lawn prunella.
                      PRUAVI                *   PRUNUS AVIUM                       5  UPI             A Tree         sweet cherry
                      PRUSER                4   Prunus serotina                    3  FACU            N Tree         wild black cherry
                      PYCVIR                5   Pycnanthemurn                      4  FACW+           N Forb         common mountain mint
                                                virginianum.
                      QUEPAL                8   Quercus palustris,                 -3 FACW            N Tree         pin oak
                      RHUGLA                2   Rhus glabra                        5  UPL             N Tree         smooth sumac
                      RHUTYP                2   Rhus typhina.                      5  UPI,            N Tree         staghorn sumac
                      RHYCAL              10    Rhynchospora capillacea            -5 OBL             N Sedge        beak-rush
                      RUBHIS                4   Rubus hispidus                     -3 FACW            N Shrub        swamp dewberry
                      RUDHR                 I   Rudbeckia, hirta                   3  FACU            N Forb         black-eyed Susan
                      SALBEB                I   Salix bebbiana,                    4  FACW+           N Shrub        Bebbs or beaked willow
                      SALHUM                4   Salix humilis                      3  FACU            N Shrub        upland or prairie willow
                      SAPOFF                    SAPONARIA                          3  FACU            A Forb         bouncing bet, soapwort
                                                OFFICINALIS
                      SASALB                5   Sassafras albidum,                 3  FACU            N Tree         sassafras
                      SCICLI              10    Scirpus clintonii <T>              4. FACU-           N sedge        Clmton!s bulrush
                      SCICYP                5   Scirpus cyperinus                  -5 OBL             N Sedge        wool-grass;buhush
                      SCIPEN                3   Scirpus pendulus                   -5 OBL             N Sedge        bulrush
                      SCISUB                8   Scirpus: subterminalis             -5 OBL             N Sedge        bulrush
                      SCLTRI              10    Scleria triglomerata. <SC>         0  FAC             N sedge        tall mit-rush
                      SRJSUA                5   Sium. suave                        -5 OBL             N Forb         water-parsnip
                      SOIJUN                3   Solidago juncea                    5  UPL             N Forb         early goldenrod
                      SOLNEM                2   Solidago, nernoralis               5  UPL             N Forb         old-field goldenrod
                      SOLRID                6   Solidago riddelhi                  -5 OBL             N Forb         Riddell's goldenrod
                      SOLRUG                3   Sohdago rugosa.                    -1 FAC+            N Forb         rough goldenrod
                      SOLSPE                5   Solidago, speciosa                 5  UPL             N Forb         showy goldenrod
                      SORNUT                6   Sorghastrum. nutans                2  FACU+           N Grass        Indian grass
                      SPIALB                4   Spiraea. alba                      4  FACW+           N Shrub        meadowsweet
                      SPrrOM                5   Spiraea tonientosa                 -3 FACW            N Shrub        hardhack; steeplebush
                      SPICER                4   Spiranthes cernua                  -2 FACW-           N Forb         nodding ladies!-tresses
                      TIHEPAL               2   Thelypteris palustris              4  FACW+           N Fern         marsh fern
                      TYPANG                *   TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA                 -5 OBL             A Forb         narrow-leaved cat-tail
                      ULMAW                 I   Ulmus; ainericana                  -2 FACW-           N Tree         American elm
                      VACPAL                9   Vacciniurn pallidum.               5  upl             N Shrub        blueberry
                      VERHAS                4   Verbena hastata                    4  FACW+           N Forb         blue vervain
                      VERMIS                4   Vernonia missurica,                -1 FAC+            N Forb         Missouri ironweed
                      VIRERI                3   Virgulus ericoides                 4  FACU-           N Forb         heath aster
                      VrrAES                6   Vitis aestivalis                   I  FACU            N Vine         summer grape
                      XYRTOR              10    Xyris torta                        -5 OBL             N Forb         yellow-eyed-grass


















                                                                                         185











                    Brest Road Prairie
                    Wayne County, City of Taylor
                    17 November, 1994
                    MacKinnon
                    splbrest.doc


                              FLORISTIC QUALITY DATA                   NATIVE                  91.4% ADVENTIVE           8.6%
                              74         NATIVE SPECIES                10          Tree        12.3% 1         Tree      1.2%
                              81         Total Species                 7           Shrub       8.6%  1         Shrub     1.2%
                              4.59       NATIVE NEAN C                 I           Vine        1.2%  0         Vine      0.0%
                              4.20       W/Adventives                  41          Forb,       50.6% 4         Forb      4.9%
                              39.52      NATIVE FQI                    8           Grass       9.9%  1         Grass     1.2%
                              37.78      W/Adventives                  5           Sedge       6.2%  0         Sedge     0.0%
                              -0.0       NATIVE MEAN W                 2           Fern        2.5%
                              0.2        W/Adventives
                              AVG:       FACULTATIVE






                    ACRONYM            C    SCIENTIFIC NAME                        W   WETNESS        PHYSIOG.       COMMON NAME

                    ACERTJB              I  Acer rubrum                            0   FAC            N Tree         red maple
                    ACESAI               2  Acer saccharimun                       -3  FACW           N Tree         silver maple
                    ACHMM                *  ACHnLEA MILLEFOLRJM                    3   FACU           A Forb         yarrow
                    AGAPUR               7  Agalinis purpurea                      -3  FACW           N Forb         purple gerardia
                    AGATEN               5  Agalinis tenuifoha                     -3  FACW           N Forb         common gerardia
                    AGRPAR               4  Agrimonia parviflora                   -1  FAC+           N Forb         swamp agrimony
                    ALEFAR              10  Aletris farinosa                       0   FAC            N Forb         colic root;stargrass
                    ANDGER               5  Andropogon gerardii                    I   FAC-           N Grass        big bluestem.
                                                                                                                     grass;turkeyfoot
                    ANDSCO               5  Andropogon scoparius                   3   FACU           N Grass        little bluestem. grass
                    ANDVIR               4  Andropogon virginicus                  I   FAC-           N Grass        brooni-sedge
                    ARILON               6  Anstida longispica <T>                 4   FACU-          N Grass        three-awned grass
                    ARINEC               4  Aristida necopina                      5   UPI            N Grass        three-awned grass
                    ASCTUB               5  Asclepias tuberosa                     5   @UPL           N Forb         butterfly-weed.
                    ASTDLJM              7  Aster dumosus                          -1  FAC+           N Forb         bushy aster
                    CXGRAN               2  Carex granularis                       A   FACW+          N Sedge        sedge
                    CICINT               *  CICHOPJUM INTYBUS                      5   UPL            A Forb         chicory
                    CIRDIS               4  Cirsium discolor                       5   UPL            N Forb         pasture-thistle
                    CORTRP               7  Coreopsis tripteris                    0   FAC            N Forb         tall coreopsis
                    CORFOE               I  Cornus foemina                         -2  FACW-          N Shrub        gray dogwood
                    CORSTO               2  Cornus stolonifera,                    -3  FACW           N Shrub        red-osier dogwood
                    CYPFLA               5  Cyperus flavescens <SC>                -5  OBL            N Sedge        sedge
                    DANSPI               4  Danthonia spicata                      5   UPI,           N Grass        poverty grass; oatgrass
                    DAUCAR                  DAUCUS CAROTA                          5   UPL            A Forb         wild carrot; Queen-Anne's-
                                                                                                                     lace
                    EQUFLU               7  Equiseturn fluviatile                  -5  OBL            N Fern         water horsetail
                    EQUHYE               2  Equisetum hyemalc                      -2  FACW-          N Fern         scouring rush
                    EUPALT               0  Eupatorium altissiinwn                 3   FACU           N Forb         tall boneset
                    EUPPER               4  Eupatorium. perfoliatuni               A   FACW+          N Forb         common boneset
                    FRAVIR               2  Fragaria virginiana                    I   FAC-           N Forb         wild strawberry
                    GENCRI               8  Gentianopsis crinita                   A   FACW+          N Forb         fringed gentian
                    GNAOBT               2  Gnaphaliurn obtusifolium.              5   UPI,           N Forb         old-field balsam
                    BEILDIV              5  Helianthus divaricatus                 5   UPI,           N Forb,        woodland sunflower
                    BELGIG               5  Helianthus giganteus                   -3  FACW           N Forb         tall sunflower



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                      ACRONYM              C    SCIENTIFIC NAME                        W     WETNESS          PHYSIOG.       COMMONNAME


                      HYPGEN                 6  Hypericurn gentianoides <SC>              3  FACU             N Forb         orange grass
                      HYPKAL               10   Hypericum kahmanum                        -2 FACW-            N Shrub        Kal&s St. Jolds-wort
                      IRIVIR                 5  Iris virginica                            -5 OBL              N Forb         southern blue flag
                      JUNBIF                 8  Juncus biflorus <SC>                      -3 FACW             N Forb         two-flowered rush
                      JUNCAN                 6  Juncus canadensis                         -5 OBL              N Forb         Canadian rush
                      JUNTEN                 I  Juncus tennis                             0  FAC              N Forb         roadside rush; path rush
                      JUNVIR                 3  Juniperus virginiana                      3  FACU             N Tree         red-ce@
                      LECMIN                 9  Lechea minor <SC>                         5  UPL              N Forb         small pinweed
                      LESCAP                 5  Lespedeza capitata                        3  FACU             N Forb         round-headed bush-clover
                      LIASPI                 8  Liatris spicata                           0  FAC              N Forb         marsh blazing star
                      LUDALT                 8  Ludwigia alternifolia <1'>                -5 OBL              N Forb         seedbox
                      LYSQUL                 8  Lysimachia quadrifolia                    -5 OBL              N Forb         whorled loosestrife
                      MONFIS                 2  Monarda fistulosa                         3  FACU             N Forb         wild bergamot
                      OENBIE,                2  Oenothera biennis                         3  FACU             N Forb         common evening-prunrose
                      PASCIL                 4  Paspalum ciliatifolium                    5  UPI,             N Grass        hairy lens grass
                      PENDIG                 2  Penstemon digitalis                       i  FAC-             N Forb         foxglove beard-tongue
                      PHLMAC               10   Phlox maculata <T>                        4  FACW+            N Forb         Sweet William phlox
                      PHYOPU                 4  Physocarpus opulifolius                   -2 FACW-            N Shrub        ninebark
                      PLALAN                 *  PLANTAGO IANCEOLATA                       0  FAC              A Forb         english plantain
                      PIAOCC                 7  Platanus occidentalis                     -3 FACW             N Tree         sycamore
                      POACOM                 *  POA COMPRESSA                             2  FACU+            A Grass        Canada bluegrass
                      POLPOL                 9  Polygala polygama                         4  FACU-            N Forb         racerned milkwort
                      POLSAN                 4  Polygala sanguinea,                       3  FACU             N Forb         field milkwort
                      POPDEL                 I  Populus deltoides                         -1 FAC+             N Tree         cottonwood
                      POPTRE                 I  Populus tremuloides                       0  FAC              N Tree         quaking aspen
                      POTSIM                 2  Potentilla, simplex                       4  FACU-            N Forb         old-field or common
                                                                                                                             cinquefoil
                      PYCVIR                 5  Pycnanthemum virginianum                  4  FACW+            N Forb         common mountain mint
                      QUEPAL                 8  Quercus palustris                         -3 FACW             N Tree         pin oak
                      QUEVEL                 6  Quercus velutina                          5  UPI,             N Tree         black oak
                      RHAFRA                 *  R[iAMNUS FRANGUIA                         -1 FAC+             A Shrub        glossy buckthorn
                      RHYCAT                 6  Rhynchospora capitellata                  -5 OBL              N Sedge        beak-rush
                      ROBPSE                 *  ROBBSUA PSEUDOACACIA                      4  FACU-            A Tree         black locust
                      RUDHR                  I  Rudbeckia hirta                           3  FACU             N Forb         black-eyed Susan
                      SALEM                  I  Salix exigua                              -5 OBL              N Shrub        sandbar willow
                      SASALB                 5  Sassafras albidurn                        3  FACU             N Tree         sassafras
                      SCIATR                 3  Scirpus atrovirens                        -5 OBL              N Sedge        bulrush
                      SCLTRI               10   Scleria triglomerata<SC>                  0  FAC              N Sedge        tall nut-rush
                      SOLALT                 I  Solidago altissima,                       3  FACU             N Forb         tall goldenrod
                      SOLCAN                 I  Solidago canadensis                       3  FACU             N Forb         Canada goldenrod
                      SOLRUG                 3  Solidago ragosa                           -1 FAC+             N Forb         rough goldenrod
                      SORNUT                 6  Sor&astrtun mitans                        2  FACU+            N Grass        Indian grass
                      SPITOM                 5  Spiraea tornentosa                        -3 FACW             N Shrub        steeplebush
                      ULMAIVIE               I  Uhnus, americana,                         -2 FACW-            N Tree         American elm
                      VACANG                 4  Vacciniurn angustifolium                  3  FACU             N Shrub        blueberry
                      VERMIS                 4  Vernonia missurica                        -1 FAC+             N Forb         Missouri ironweed
                      VIOSAG                 8  Viola sagittata                           -2 FACW-            N Forb         arrow-leaved violet
                      VIRERI                 3  Virgalus ericoides;                       4  FACU-            N Forb         heath aster
                      VERNOV                 3  Virgulus novae-angliae                    -3 FACW             N Forb         New England aster
                      VITAES                 6  Vitis aestivalis                          3  FACU             N Vine         summer grape











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                         Asclgpias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson                                          Taff green milkweed

                         Asclepiadaceae                                                                Milkweed Family

                                                                 State Threatened



                  Synonyms: Acerates hirtella, Pennell; AscIppias floridana, Lam.; Acerates f (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc.

                  Taxonomy: This species was included by some early authors (Gray, Britton & brown) with A. longifolia
                         and A. floridana. Woodson, (1954) however, separated them on the basis of range an distinctness
                         in the field; modem treatments follow Woodson's interpretation.

                  Total range: This milkweed ranges from Virginia north to southern Ontario and Michigan and west to
                         southern Minnesota, northern Iowa, Oklahoma and Arkansas. It is considered threatened in
                         Minnesota and rare in Ontario and Louisiana (S I rank).

                  State distribution: Taff green milkweed has been found in prairies of southwestem and southeastern
                         Michigan and Saginaw Bay. Of 19 Michigan stations for this species, twelve have been discovered
                         or confirmed extant since 1980. Tuscola and Muskegon County records date from the turn of the
                         century. Most colonies consist of only one or a few plants and/or grow in very small, vulnerable
                         habitats. At least two occurrences have been extirpated.

                  Recognition: This stout, erect (4-10 din) plant produces long (1-2 drn), narrow (.6-1 cm), mostly
                         alternate leaves which are stiffly hairy. The green to slightly purple-tinged flowers are bome in
                         spherical umbels of 30-100 from the leaf axils. AcIppias viridiflora. in contrast, has broader, short-
                         hairy, mostly opposite leaves, and is often partly leaning or reclining. AscIppias hirtella, is also our
                         only milkweed whose flowers lack a "horn", a slender, curved structure that emerges from within
                         the corolla hood.


                  Habitat: Tall green milkweed has been found in both lakeplain wet-mesic prairies (Saginaw Bay) and in
                         mesic sand prairies. In southwest Michigan it grows in mesic to dryish sandy loam with BUtisi
                         leucantha (white false indigo), Andropoggn spoarius (little bluestem), A. gerardi (big bluestem)
                         and Carex bicknellii (Bicknell's sedge). In the lakeplain prairies along Saginaw Bay, it is found in
                         mesic to wet-mesic prairie on moist, alkaline clay or fine sandy loam with Sorghagrum nutans
                         (Indian grass), and AgdroRogon gerardii (big bluestem), Calamagrostis canadensis (bluejoint), and
                         Pygnanthemurn vinani          (mountain mint). In Monroe County, it grows in mesic to dry-mesic
                         prairie on Gilford sandy loam (pH 5.4) dominated by Andropogon sgoarius.

                  Biology: This perennial blooms primarily from mid-July to Mid-August in Michigan. Several species of
                         bees and wasps (and one beetle) effect pollination of A. hirtella. and other milkweeds by picking up
                         pollinia (pollen sacs) on their claws or leg bristles while gathering nectar and quite precisely
                         depositing them into slots leading to the stigmatic surfaces of flowers visited subsequently
                         (Woodson, 1954). Attached to milkweed seeds are long silky hairs which aid in wind dispersal as
                         well as buoyancy in water (Woodson, 1954).


                  Conservation/management: Conservation of remaining native prairie remnants is needed to ensure this
                         species' survival in Michigan. Tbough much of its habitat was destroyed by the plowing of prairies


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                      around 1900 (it was reported once abundant in Tuscola County by Davis, 1901), this species is
                      most threatened nowadays by succession and by bulldozing and herbiciding of prairie remnants,
                      especially along roads. Proper management of its habitat would require periodic burning, and
                      maintanence of the water table; degraded sites may require shrub or tree clearing. One plant was
                      found in 1980 on a Nfichigan Nature Association preserve, and it also occurs in two State Game
                      Areas.


                Comments: The seed floss ("fluff') of plants in this genus was used by American colonists as pillow
                      stuffing, and was extensively collected by school children during World War II for use in stuffmg
                      life-preservers (Woodson, 1954).

                Selected references:


                      Woodson, R. E. 1954. The North American species of AscIppias (L.). Ann. Nfissouri Bot. Gard.
                             41(l): 1-171.








































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                        AsplMias sullivanth Engelm.                                                 Sullivant's milkweed

                        Asclepiadaceae                                                              Milkweed family

                                                               State Threatened



                 Other common names: Smooth milkweed, prairie milkweed.

                 Total range: This prairie species is concentrated in the Midwest, ranging north to Minnesota, east to
                        southern Ontario and Ohio, west to Nebraska, Kansas, and south to Oklahoma. It is considered rare
                        in Minnesota (S I rank), Wisconsin (S 1-2), and Ontario, and is known only from historical records in
                        North Dakota.


                 State distribution: Sullivant's milkweed is known from about fifteen sites in Monroe, Lenawee, and St.
                        Clair counties. Although it was reported by Davis (1906) to be "very abundant" in the lakeplain
                        prairies of Tuscola County, extensive surveys there in recent years have failed to discover a single
                        surviving colony. A Berrien County report (Kohring, pers. comm.) remains unconfirmed. of
                        Michigan's colonies consist of small numbers of individuals persisting and/or occupy highly
                        disturbed sites.


                 Recognition: Stems of A. sullivantii which arise from deep, fleshy rhizomes, reach 4-11 din in height.
                        This species strongly resembles common milkweed, A. syb         (also a native species but mistakenly
                        considered exotic), both having broadly ovate, opposite leaves, milky sap, and dense, globose
                        clusters of flowers bome from upper leaf axils. However, mature leaves of A. sullivantii are
                        distinguished by their reddish midvein, slightly undulate margins, sharp tips, and lack of hair.
                        In contrast, the common milkweed has blunt-tipped leaves which are densely pubescent beneath
                        when mature). The flowers of A. sullivantii are also larger and pale pink to nearly white in color,
                        whereas those of A. gyd        are pink to dark purple (rarely white) and tend to be much more
                        numerous in very dense inflorescences.

                 Habitat: Michigan colonies of this plant occur primarily in disturbed habitats such as old-fields with
                        secondary prairies, and moist, grassy rights-of-way. At one St. Clair county locality, Androp
                        @Lcwarius (little bluestem) and H                                         oil) dominate a secondary
                                                          ypericum kahnianum (shrubby cinquef
                        prairie with Scleria triglomerata (tall nut-rush), Calgpoggn tuberosus (grass pink), BWtisi tinctoria
                        (yellow wild indigo), P           sangu      (milkwort), Aletris farinosa (colic root), and Aster
                        dumosus. The only known Mighigan site where Sullivant's milkweed grows in an undisturbed
                        habitat is a small lakeplain wet prairie remnant of the St. Clair River delta, dominated by
                        Andropogon ggrardii (big bluestem), A. sgoarius and Panicuin virgaturn (swithchgrass). (Hayes,
                        1964) Common'associates at several sites includ Spartina P-              (prairie slough grass), and
                        Pycnanthemurn virgini        (mountain mint). Soils are typically moist sandy clay or sandy loam.
                               Elsewhere in its range, A. sullivantii is primarily a plant of moist prairies. In the Chicago
                        region, it grows with such species as Andropogongerardii Aster ericoides (heath aster), Enmgi
                        pccifoli     (rattlesnake master), Ratibi      p        (yellow coneflower), Silphium laciniatuin
                        (compass plant), and Spart    p         (Swink and Wilhelm 1979).


                                                                     193











                Biology: This species is a perennial from deep, fleshy rhizomes, and vegetative reproduction is common.
                       Flowers are produced by mid-July with fruits maturing through August. As in other species of
                       Ascl ias the flowers are highly modified for insect pollination. Sulhvanfs milkweed easil
                           M                                                                                              y
                       hybridizes with the common milkweed, these two species having been isolated in pre-settlement
                       times by habitat specificity. However, the highly disturbed condition of remaining prairie remnants
                       has allowed the weedy common milkw6ed to colonize, bringing these two taxa into contact. One
                       Michigan population of over 100 A. sullivantii stems has now been genetically degraded through
                       hybridization and introgression with the cormnon milkeed.

                Conservation/management: Small populations which persist in degraded, disturbed, and/or marginal
                       habitats are difficuk to protectively manage. Also, the low numbers of individuals present at these
                       sites may not be enough to maintain viable populations. Possible hybridization with A.          may
                       further genetically erode and diminish poorly insulated populations in disturbed habitats. However,
                       small surviving colonies may be valuable as a source of stock for establishment or enhancement of
                       sustainable populations.
                             Michigan!s most viable colonies lie on State Park and Game Area lands in St. Clair County.
                       One smaller population inhabits a small remnant of excellent quality prairie being voluntarily
                       protected under the Nature Conservancy's Natural Areas Registry. Prescribed burning is probably
                       the best way to favorably manage habitat for this species. Applications of herbicides should be
                       avoided along rights-of-way where this milkweed grows.

                Comments: This species of milkweed has been reputed to have a particulary high content of rubber in its
                       milky latex, and has been investigated for usefulness in rubber production (Fox, 1944).

                Selected references:


                       Fox, W. S. 1944. Botanical field notes-summer of 1943. Canad. Field-Nat. 58: 10-11.
                       Hayes, B. N. 1964. An ecological study of a wet prairie on Harsens Island, Michigan.    Mich. Bot.
                             3: 71-82.
                       Woodson, R. E., Jr. 1954. The North American species of Ascigpias L. Ann. Nfiss. Bot. Gard.
                             41: 1-208.

























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                        Cacali pl           (Raf.) Shinners                                 Prairie Indian plantain

                        Asteraceae                                                          Aster Family

                                                              State Threatened



                Other common names: Tuberous Indian plantain.

                Synonyins: Cacalia tuberosa Nutt.

                Total range: The prairie Indian plantain ranges from Alabama and eastern Texas north to Nebraska,
                        Minnesota, and southern Ontario. It is considered rare in Ohio (S2 rank), Wisconsin (S2),
                        Minnesota, South Dakota, and Ontario.

                State distribution: This species is confined largely to a few counties of southwestern Michigan, where it
                        has been found at some 25 localities, most still extant. Several populations are known in Lenawee
                        County as well. On Saginaw Bay, it hhs been reduced to just two known populations, both rather
                        small. Vigorous local populations are disjunct on the shores of Lake Huron in Presque Isle County
                        and on Bois Blanc Island (Mackinac County). A Macomb County records dates from 1843, the
                        vicinity of its collection having been long since converted to agriculture.

                Recognition: Stems of C. p1gnLa&ea, which may range from 6-18 dm in height, are smooth, finely
                        grooved, and stout, arising from short, tuberous-like, fleshy roots. Its thick, elliptical, alternate
                        leaves are long-stalked toward the stem base, with conspicuous longitudinal nerves that converge
                        at the tip. Upward the leaves become reduced and stalkless. Whitish flowers are borne terminally
                        in relatively flat-topped, branched clusters of perhaps 20 or more narrowly cylindric heads, each
                        with 5 tubular disc flowers and no ray flowers. The related C. g1dRlicifbli bears a very similar
                        inflorescence but is easily distinguished by its broadly ovate, coarsely-toothed leaves with pale
                        undersurfaces.


                Habitat: This plant occurs in three similar habitats in the state. Southern Michigan populations inhabit
                        high quality prairie fens on the margins of major morainal areas with rich organic soils saturated by
                        seepage of calcareous groundwater. Predominant species in these fens include Carex stricta
                        Androp        gerardii (big bluestem),                 nutans (Indian grass), Potentilla fruticosa
                        (shrubby cinquefoil), Eleocharis rostellata (beaked spike-rush), Calamagrostis canadensis
                        (bluejoint), and/or Sparb
                                                @= p           (prairie cordgrass). Common forbs are Solida-go ohioensis
                        (Ohio goldenrod), Lobelia kahnii (Kahn's lobelia), and L@Lsimachi guadrifl     (fringed loosestrife).
                              The wet and wet-mesic; prairies of the Saginaw Bay lakeplain provided significant habitat for
                        this species prior to European settlement, however only two small populations are now known to
                        remain. At these localities, moist, calcareous loamy sands support diverse communities dominated
                        by Sp        and CWAmWostis canadensis in wetter areas, and Sorghastrum and Andropogon in
                        mesic portions. Pvcnanthemuni virgini           (mountain mint) is a common associate in these
                        communities.
                              Prairie Indian plantain also grows in marly swales near the shores of Lake Huron with
                        Calamggrostis canadensis (bluejoint) and ...  It exists in similar habitats on the Bruce Peninsula of
                        Ontario (Stebbins, 1935). Throughout its range, this species primarily inhabits wet prairies,
                        preferring fens only toward the northern and eastern portions of its distribution.


                                                                     196









                 Biology: This perennial has fleshy roots that are not, contrary to one of its names, tuberous (Shinners,
                        1950). It flowers in July and its fruits ripen during August.

                 Conservation/management: Two southwestern NEchigan populations of prairie        Indian       plantain-one
                        large and one very small-he in specially designated tracts within State Game Areas, and another is
                        in a State Recreation Area. Both northern disjunct localities are also on state land. Three large
                        southern populations are in fens owned by The Nature Conservancy, and one is partly owned by the
                        Nfichigan Nature Association. Several large populations lie on private lands.
                               The fen habitat of this plant is vulnerable to hydrologic disturbances, and requires fire to
                        prevent encroachment of shrubs, which shade out this and other herbaceous species.

                 Selected references:


                        Pippen, R. W. 1978. Cacalia in "North American Flora," Series H, Part 10, pgs. 151-159. N.Y.
                               Botanical Garden, Bronx.
                        Pippen, R. W. & K. A. Chapman. 19-. Comparison of morphological characters between regional
                              habitats of Cacalia RI          (Asteraceae). in ...
                        Shinners, L. H. 1950. The Texas species of Cacalia (Compositae). Field and Lab. 18: 79-83.


































                                                                   197










                        QTdpediurn candidum Willd.                                                   White lady-slipper

                        Orchidaceae                                                                  Orchid Family



                                                               State Threatened



                Other common names: Small white lady's-slipper.

                Total range: This principally upper Midwestern species ranges eastward to New Jersey and New York,
                        extending west through southern Michigan to Minnesota, the eastern Dakotas, and southern
                        Manitoba and Sakatchewan. To the south it ranges to Nebraska, Missouri, and Kentucky. It is
                        considered rare in Iowa (S 1), Illinois (S3), Indiana (S2), Kentucky (S 1), Minnesota (S3), North
                        Dakota (S2S3), New York (Sl), Ohio (Sl), South Dakota (SI), Wisconsin, and Manitoba, *
                        extirpated in Pennsylvania and Saskatchewan, and is known only from historical records in Missouri
                        and New Jersey.

                State distribution: White lady-slipper is restricted to southern Michigan,    occurring primarily within a
                        narrow band from Berrien and Kalamazoo counties in the southwest to southeastern Michigan,
                        where it is concentrated in Livingston, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Jackson counties. Two localities
                        in the thumb region constitute the northernmost occurrence in the state. At least one-third of
                        approximately 70 recorded localities have extant populations, a few consisting of several hundred
                        individuals.


                Recognition: Although CypUedium candidum produces solitary stems, mature plants commonly form
                        small, dense, clonal clumps, This relatively diminutive lady's-slipper averages about 20 cm in
                        height, each stem producing several strongly-ribbed, sheathing leaves that are densely short-hairy.
                        Stems are usually terminated by a single flower (occasionally there may be two) characterized by its
                        ivory-white pouch (the lip or lower petal) which may be faintly streaked with purple veins toward
                        the bottom and slightly purple-spotted around the pouch opening. The lateral petals, which are
                        similar the sepals, are pale yellow-green and spirally twisted.
                              C                                           used only with hybrids between it and the two well-
                                Wdpedium candidum is likely to be conf
                        known varieties of yellow lady's-slipper,!Q. calceolus var. pubescens and C. calceolus var.
                        P            which produce C. Xfavilhanurn and C. Xandrewsii respectively. Cyp6pedium
                        Xfavilhanum can be distinguished by its larger size and very pale yellow lip, whereas C.
                        Xandrewsii, which produces a very similar white lip, can be distinguished by the dark, strongly
                        spiralling petals and sepals characteristic of var. parviflo,

                Habitat: In Michigan, small white lady-slipper occurs primarily in prairie fens and other marly, alkaline
                        sites usuallfassociated with groundwater seepage areas in ice disintegration terrain. These
                        gratninoid-dominated peatlands are commonly found adjacent to lake and stream systems.
                        Cypri@um candidum also occurs in wet prairie in southwestern Michigan (also its habitat in the
                        thumb region), which is similar to its typical habitat-tallgrass prairie-outside Michigan. Case
                        (1987) also reports that it has been found in damp depressions in limestone barrens in Kentucky.
                        Typical prairie fen soils in Michigan are Houghton mucks, often forming deep organic deposits.
                        Common associates of white lady's-slipper include Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem),
                        Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Potentilla fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil), Carex stricta (sedge),
                        Betula pjoLla (bog birch), Thelypteris palustris (marsh fern), Vale       uligiaos and V. ciliata


                                                                      198









                        (valerian), Sporobolus heterokpis (prairie dropseed), Muhlenbe    richardsonis (mat muhly),
                        Solida o ohioensis (Ohio goldenrod),   riddellii (Riddell's goldenrod),              VIE=
                        (mountain mint), Rhammis alnifolia (alder-leaved buckthorn), Merochloe odorata, (sweet grass), and
                        numerous other species typical of southern Michigan fens, including several additional listed taxa.

                 Biology: Flowering occurs in late June to early July. Case (1987) and Luer (1975) both report that this
                        perennial species develops rapidly, often blooming before the leaves have fully flushed and
                        unwrapped the stems. Curtis (1943) estimated that at least 12 years or more are necessary for
                        maturation following germination, and observed that clones are formed through the production of
                        small plants from adventitious buds on two to three-year old roots. Curtis (1954) also documented
                        the marked variation in flower and fruit production from year to year, and found no correlation
                        between average flower and fimit production and the relative abundance of this species in the
                        vegetation in comparison to other lady-slipper species. In a pollination study in southern Ontario,
                        Catling and Knerer (1980) found small bees (halictine and andrenid bees) to be the principal
                        pollinators. These bees were dependent on the availability of a variety of other flowering species
                        whose blooming period coincided with CnWedjum candidum.

                 Conservation/management: Exemplary occurrences are protected and managed by several conservation
                        organizations, including The Nature Conservancy and the Michigan Nature Association, but many
                        sites have been severely disturbed or destroyed through agricultural activities, peat or marl mining,
                        land drainage, and other human activities. Prevention of hydrological changes is a necessary
                        prerequisite for maintaining viable fen habitat. Exotic species threaten many fen sites, the most
                        notable pests being Rhammis frangul (glossy-leaved buckthorn) and LytjuM salicari (purple
                        loosestrife). Careful fire management has been recommended for both shrub control and the healthy
                                 ce of populations (Bowles, 1983). Kohring (198 1) observed the favorable response of a
                        population following a planned bum in a railroad right-of-way, noting that the number of blooming
                        plants tripled and plant vigor increased.

                 Selected references:


                        Bowles, M. L. 1983. The tallgrass prairie orchids Platanthera leuMh      (Nutt.) Lindl. and
                              Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd.: Some aspects of their status, biology, and ecology,
                              and implications toward management. Nat. Areas Jour. 3: 14-37.
                        Case, F. W., Jr. 1987. Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 48.
                              Bloomfield Hills, Mich. Second edition. 251 pp.
                        Catling, P. M. & G. Knerer. 1980. Pollination of the small white lady's-slipper (Cypri
                              candiduni in Lambton county, southern Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 94: 435-438.
                        Curtis, J. T. 1943. Germination and seedling development in five species of Cypripedium L.
                              Amer. J. Bot. 30: 199-206.
                        Luer, C. A. 1975. The native orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida. New
                              York Bot. Gard. 36 Ipp.










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                    Fimbrigtylis puberu (Michx.) Vahl                               Hairy firnbry

                    Cyperaceae                                                      Sedge Family

                                                     State Extirpated


              Other common names: Chestnut sedge

              Synonyms: Firnbri@Vlis caroliniana. (Lam.) Fern; E. drumniondii (Torr. and Hook.) Boeckl.; spadi
                    (L.) Vahl.

              Taxonomy: This plant has in the past been assigned to several species (see above). Kral (197 1)
                    distinguished F. puberula from E. carolini and included our plants in var. puberul of the former
                    species.

              Total range: Hairy firribry occurs primarily on the southeastern coastal plain (Texas to New Jersey) and in
                    the eastern Great Plains (Texas to Nebraska and Missouri). It occurs occasionally inland in the
                    southeastern U. S and in the southern Great Lakes region, and is considered rare in Wisconsin (S I
                    rank), Kentucky (S 1), Tennessee (S 1), New Jersey (S2), Pennsylvania (S 1), Virginia (S l?), and
                    Ontario. It is known only from historical records in New York.

              State distribution: This species is represented in the Michigan flora by a1904 collection from Harsen's
                    Island, St. Clair County, where it was noted as abundant, and an 1838 collection by the First
                    Geological Survey from Cass County.

              Recognition: Shoots of this perennial, which arise solitarily or as tufts from hard knotty rhizomes, are 2-7
                    chn or more in height and have stiffly erect, linear basal leaves that are 1-3 nun wide and have
                    inrolled margins. 7fhe stems terminate m a single open to compact inflorescence that is umbel-like
                    and bears several ovoid to ellipsoid spikelets on slender stalks that are much longer dw the
                    subtending leaf-like bracts. The tiny obovate achenes are white to dark brown, 2-sided and ca.
                    1.5 mm long, with neither a persistent tubercle at the summit, nor bristles below.
                         'Me more common and generally much shorter F. autumnalis a widespread species of many
                    wetland habitats, has 3-sided, smaller achenes (0.7 nun long), much smaller anthers (0.3 nim. versus
                    1.5 nun in F. puberu and is an annual. Small plants of Psil scilRoides (bald-rush) are
                    similar in overall aspect, but can be distinguished by their leafy sterns and by the achenes, which
                    have a tubercle at the base.


              Habitat: Hairy fimbry was collected in St. Clair County on "prairie-like" ground, probably referring to the
                    moist lakeplain prairie which now persists only in small remnants there. It typically inhabits moist
                    savannas and meadows on the Coastal Plain, and mid- to tall-grass prairie in its central North
                    American range. In the Chicago region, it grows in moist, sandy prairies near Lake Michigan with
                    Andropop
                            ,on gerardii (big bluestem), Aster azureus (sky blue aster), A. ericoides (heath aster),
                    Dodecatheon meadia (shooting star), Genti puberul (downy gentian), ftoxis hirsuta, (yellow-
                    eyed-grass), Potentilla arguta (prairie cinquefoil), &jgfig triglomerata (nut-rush), and Sisy!:inchum
                    albidum (blue-eyed grass).





                                                          200









                 Biology: F. puberu is a perennial with thick rhizomes that Are considered to be advantageous for survival
                        in fire-controlled ecosystems and savannas (Kral, 197 1). Fertile Michigan collections were made on
                        July 10 and August 20.

                 Conservation/management: No Michigan populations of this sedge are currently known; however, it should
                        be sought in remnant prairie habitats on Harsen's and Dickinson Islands and in the vicinity of
                        Algonac. This species still grows in the mesic, savannas that persist on Walpole Island (Ontario) as
                        a result of fire management. This species' prairie habitat should be managed with prescribed
                        burning.

                 Selected references:


                        Kral, R. 197 1. A treatment of Abildgaardia, Bulbostylis, and Rmbiistylis for North America.
                               Sida 4: 57-227.
                        Soper, J. H. 1962. Some genera of restricted range in the Carolinian flora of Canada. Trans. Roy.
                              Can. hist. 34(l): 3-56.









































                                                                   201










                        Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindley                                      Yellow-fringed orchid

                        Orchidaceae                                                            Orchid Fan-Lily

                                                                State Threatened



                 Other common names: Orange-fringed orchid

                 Synonyms: Habenaria ciliaris R. Br.; Ble
                                                            2hariglottis ciliaris Rydb.

                 Taxonomy: Long known as H. ciliaris this taxon, along with several other species of Habenari is
                        increasingly referred to the genus Platanthera.

                 Total range: Primarily a species of the eastern United States, yellow-fringed orchid ranges from Ohio and
                        Michigan to Vermont and Massachusetts, south along the Atlantic Coastal Plain to Florida, west to
                        eastern Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. It is considered rare in Indiana (S I rank), Illinois (S 1),
                        Missouri (S 1), New York (S 1), Oklahoma (S 1), Connecticut (S2), New Jersey (S2), Ohio (S2),
                        Maryland (S3), Virginia (S3S4), and Ontario, is known only from historical records in
                        Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and is thought to be extirpated from New Hampshire.

                 State distribution: This orchid ranges widely in southern Michigan, occuring mostly within the southern
                        three tiers of counties and extending as far north as Bay, Kent, and St. Clair Counties. Five colonies
                        of one hundred plants or more have been observed in Allegan, Berrien, and Calhoun Counties, five
                        others are reported to have 25-100 plads, and one less than ten plants. Field surveys by Michigan
                        Natural Features Inventory staff have failed to relocate extant populations at several historical
                        collection localities, and at least four which were collected from areas now heavily developed or
                        urbanized are certainly extirpated.

                 Recognition: This relatively stout, robust orchid species, varyies in height from 20- 100 cm. The shoots
                        are leafy, the basal leaves (which sheath the stem) oblong-lanceolate in shape, 7-30 cm in length,
                        with a long, pointed tip. Upwards the widely-spaced leaves become much reduced, Imear, and bract-
                        like. The stem is terminated by a densely flowered, 4-20 cm long raceme of strildngly orange to
                        yellow-orange flowers, each flower with an unlobed, prominently fringed lower lip, die fringes up
                        to I cin in length and more thari one-half the length of the liVs mail portion. At its base, the lower
                        fringed petal is prolonged into a slender, curved, 2-3 cm nectar spur. Relatively inconspicuous are
                        the narrow, 4-9 nun long upper petals, which bear a small fringe at their tips.
                               1!. blMhariglottis, white fringed-orchid, is a wide-ranging and very similar species that may
                        grow with P. ciliaris and might be confused with it, mainly by virtue of the hybrids known to occur
                        among these species. P. blgphariblottis flowers, however, are pure white and the fringe hairs of the
                        lower lip are about one-half as long (or less) as the undivided portion of the lip. Hybrids T.                     I
                        Xbicolor) are not particularly uncommon when these species are found together, and can usually be
                        identified by the intermediacy of their flower color and fringe length. Case (1987) notes at least three
                        stations where these hybrids are more comnion thati the parent species, observing that within these
                        sites a wide spectrum of genetic combination for color occurs.

                 Habitat: Yellow-fringed orchid tolerates a variety of habitat conditions throughout its range but is more
                        restricted in Michigan (Case, 1987). In southern Michigan it is frequently found on the open mat of
                        Spha     ni bogs where its associates include Chamaeda hne calycu
                             Mu                                                                   (leatherleaf), Sarracenia,


                                                                       202









                         puMu      (pitcher-plant), Rh)Mchospora alba, (beak-rush), Eripp         3d@         (cotton-grass),
                         Vaccinium macLoca                                _sp               _,L     fformis (yellow-eyed-
                                              M (cranberry), Carex oligo           (sedge), X 7ids di
                         grass), Pogoni pphioglossoides (rose pogonia), CyRril2edium acaule (pink lady's-slipper), R.
                         blghariglottis and other typical acid bog plants. Larch is also a common associate, but P. ciliaris
                         usually occurs in openings within the larch zone of bogs, tolerating some light shading and becoming
                         duninished or absent in heavily shaded areas.
                                This orchid also occurs in damp sandy meadows or in acid soils adjacent to marshes (Case,
                         1987). Several old records from southeastern counties appear to be from moist sands (similar to
                         habitat in adjacent Ohio), but no extant populations are known from such habitats in the state.
                         Elsewhere in its range it can occur in a variety of habitats, including bogs, meadows, floodplains,
                         and seepage areas, particularly sites with damp, acid sandy soil.

                  Biology: This perennial species arises from fle shy rootstocks which produce buds that will become the
                         following season's growth. Hence damage to a plant in a given year will affect the vigor and size of
                         the next year's plant (Case, 1987).
                                This orchid flowers from late July through mid-August. The primary pollinators are
                         swallowtail butterflies. In a study of the pollination ecology of a P. ciliaris population in a
                         southwestern Michigan bog, Smith and Snow (1976) found the spicebush swallowtail (Pgpili
                         troilus to be the main pollinator, and also observed that individual plants growing in semi-open
                         conditions set 50% fewer fruits (capsules) when compared to individuals growing in the open, non-
                         shaded habitats. P. blohphoottis, which occurred at the study site, along with hybrids, was found
                         to be pollinated primarily by night-flying moths.

                  Conservation/management: Urbanization, residential (especially lakeside) development and drainage of
                         wetlands have spelled the demise of this species at many locations. Habitat succession and resultant
                         shading by woody species (probably due to fire suppression and/or hydrologic changes) continues to,
                         degrade and destroy (Case, 1987) populations. About half of one large colony lies within a
                         Michigan Nature Association preserve; one large and one small colony are on State Game Areas,
                         and another of moderate size at least partially within a nature park owned by the City of Portage.
                         No populations are in habitats wholly within protective ownership.



                  Selected references:


                         Case, F. W. 1987. Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 48.
                                Revised edition. 251 pp.
                         Correll, D. S. 1950. Native orchids of North America. Chronica. Botanica, Waltham, Mass. 399
                                PP.
                         Luer, C. A. 1975. The Native Orchids of United States and Canada Excluding Florida. New York
                                Botanical Garden, Bronx, N. Y. 361 pp
                         G. R. Smith and G. E. Snow. 1976. Pollination ecology of Platanthera (Habenaria) ciliaris and P.
                                blephariblottis (Orchidaceae). Bot. Gaz. 137(2): 133-140.










                                                                      203










                        Platanthera              (Nutt.) Lindley                                Eastern prairie fringed orchid

                        Orchidaceae                                                             Orchid Family

                                                                State Endangered
                                                              Federal Endangered


                 Other common names: White fringed-orchid, prairie white fringed-orchid.

                 Synonyms: Habenaria                 (Nutt.) A. Gray

                 Taxonomy: Formerly included within the genus Habenan by Correll (1950), this species, in addition to
                        several other Michigan taxa, is widely recqgnizW as appropriately belonging to Platanthera (Case,
                        1987). Western populations of what had once been considered P. leucophae com ri in                st
                                                                                                      A       p s g mo
                        populations west of the Mississippi River, have been distinguished by Sheviak and Bowles (1986) as
                        !!. pmecl     based on significant differences in morphology, pollination mechanism, and
                        geographic distribution.

                 Total range: Centered about the Great Lakes, P. leu            occurs east to Virginia and along the
                        St. Lawrence drainage to Maine, ranging west into the plains to the Dakotas and Iowa, and south in
                        the Mississippi drainage to Missouri and Oklahoma. Now near extinction throughout much of its
                        range, most populations are concentrated in the southern Great Lakes region, occurring primarily in
                        southern Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, and southern Lower Michigan. This species is considered rare in
                        Illinois (S2-rank), Iowa (S2), Maine (S 1), Misouri (S 1), Ohio (S 1), Oklahoma S 1), Virginia (S 1),
                        Wisconsin (S 1), and Ontario, extirpated in Indiana, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, is known only
                        from historical records in New York and South Dakota.


                 State distribution: Platanthera leu@:,W     was once known from more than 20 counties, primarily in
                        southern Lower Michigan, with one anomalous disjunct locality documented in Cheboygan County.
                        Extensive habitat modification and destruction has caused this species to severely decline. It is now
                        extant in fewer than 10 counties, persisting mostly in the remnant lakeplain prairies of Saginaw Bay
                        and western Lake Erie. The relatively high numbers of plants observed in 1984 declined markedly
                        following years of high lake levels and drought. An exhaustive 1990 inventory of this species'
                        remaining strongholds in Michigan found approximately 1100 plants total, with few populations
                        supporting large numbers of plants in good quality, viable habitat.

                 Recognition: Prairie fringed-orchid is a tall, striking plant. It produces single stems that range from
                        approximately 20 cm, to I m or more in height, bearing long, narrow, sharp-pointed leaves that
                        become progressively reduced upward. The leaves are strongly sheathing, becoming bract-like
                        beneath the inflorescence. The stems are terminated by relatively wide, showy racemes of up to 40
                        or more creamy white, stalked flowers. Each flower has a long (2-5 cm), slender, to about
                        margins, forming a loose bonnet arching over the column.
                               Platanthera blgpharipjottis and P. lacera are superficially similar species that can be easily
                        distinguished. Platanthera blWh@hglottis which occurs only in sphagnurn bogs, bears white flowers
                        with fringed lower lips that are tongue-shaped and undivided. Platanthera lacera is a more common,
                        widespread species of a variety of habitats; it bears white to greenish-white flowers with three-
                        parted lower lips deeply divided into slender, thread-like segments, and upper petals that are linear.



                                                                       204









                  Habitat: Platanthera leu.          occurs in two distinct habitats in Michigan-wet prairies and bogs. it
                         thrives best in the lakeplain wet or wet-mesic prairies that border Saginaw Bay and Lake Erie.
                         'Mese communities have relatively allWine, lacustrine soils, and are dominated by Carex gQuatilis
                         C. stricta, and Calamagrostis canadensis. Common associates include Androp             sgoarius (little
                         bluestem) and A. gerardii (big bluestem), S              P          (prairie slough grass), Potentilla
                         fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil), idgl[ja spi      (blazing star), Comus stolonifera and C. amornum
                         (dogwoods), 1@Lcnanthemurn virginianuin (mountain mint), Gentiana, crinita (fringed gentian),
                         Solidago spp. (goldenrods), Cladium. mariscoides (twig-rush), Juncus spp. (rushes), and Scirpus
                         spp. (bulrushes). Prairie fiinged-orchid frequently persists in degraded prairie remnants, and can
                         colonize ditches, railroad rights-of-way, and fallow agricultural fields.
                                Open or serni-open bog mats of Sphapurn and Carex, with slightly acidic, neutral, or
                         somewhat alkaline lake water also support small populations of this orchid. Associates in these sites
                         include Tliglypteris palustris (marsh fern), Sarracenia purpu     (pitcher plant), Drosera rotundifolia
                         (sundew), T)Tha                          ruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil), Larix laricina (tamarack),
                                            (cattail), Potentilla f
                         Betula pgMila (bog birch), and Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac). Farther west, prairie -fringed
                         orchids occur in mesic and wet mesic black soil prairies, or rich, wet, sandy prairies, while to the
                         east of Michigan, occurrences are generally restricted to bogs or sandy or peaty lakeshores.

                  Biology: Unlike many other Platanthera species, P. leucop         is long-lived, with individuals documented
                         to live more than 30 years (Case, 1987). According to Case (1987), this perennial produces a bud
                         on one of its roots that develops a new set of roots or tubers, becoming next season's new plant. The
                         development and viability of this bud is highly dependent on the vigor of the old plant. In Michigan,
                         flowering occurs during late June and early July. Case reports that the white blossoms produce a
                         heavy fiagrance at dusk and attract many moths, including the large Sphinx moth. Sphinx moths
                         are probably co-adapted pollinators, since their tongues are long enough to reach the nectar which
                         lies deep in the spur of the flowers (Marlin Bowles, pers. comm.)." Capsules mature in September,
                         releasing hundreds of thousands of airborne seeds. Plants do not flower every year, frequently
                         producing only a single leaf above gfound (Bowles, pers. comm) and possibly even becoming
                         dormant when conditions are unsuitable. Fire is thought to help break dormancy and stimulate
                         flowering (Sheviak, 1974; Bowles, pers. comm.), although its role in Michigan Platanthera sites is
                         highly uncertain.

                 Conservation/management: Competitive encroachment by native shrubs, especially dogwoods and willows,
                         and pernicious exotics such as Lydmm salicari (purple loosestrife) pose one of the greatest threats
                         to Michigan's remaining prairie ftinged orchids. The large-scale destruction of its lakeplain prairie
                         habitat, primarily through ditching and diking, and the conversion of areas for agricultural use, in
                         addition to other land settlement activities, have rendered this species particularly vulnerable to
                         extinction. In its last remaining viable sites, prairie fiinged-orchid is best protected by maintaining
                         the natural hydrological cycles of the lakeplain wet prairies. Protection can only be adequately
                         afforded when sufficient refligia are available during periods of high lake levels. Unfortunately, few
                         natural areas are left that provide the necessary landward habitat. Where refugia are available, this
                         species is able to seed inland during high water cycles, advancing shoreward as lake levels recede
                         (Case, 1987, page 20). This natural fluctuation along the lakeshores maintains the necessary open,
                         wet prairie habitat, preventing closure and shading by competitive woody plants.
                                In sites where active management may be required, shrub removal is of primary importance.
                         Although fire is frequently recommended as a management tool (Bowles, 1983), its role in
                         Michigan!s prairie ftinged-orchid habitat is highly uncertain. Case (pers. comm.) recommends great
                         caution with the consideration of fire management, noting that the orchid's subterranean buds can be
                         easily damaged during spring or fall bums. At present, fire should be employed only as a very


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                        selective experimental tool, to be used in testing alongside other approaches, such as mechanical
                        brush removal and soil disking.
                               Lastly, one of the greatest recognized threats to this elegant species is poaching and tramplMig
                        by orchid enthusiasts, photographers, and others. At least one Michigan colony has been obliterated
                        by poachers, and thus great caution must be taken with regard to remaining sites. Case (1987)
                        considers this species to be possibly the most "severely endangered orchid of our region".

                 Comments: According to an early report, R. leupW          once grew so abundantly near the bath houses on
                        Belle Isle Park, Detroit, that visitors there gathered it in bouquets (Foerste, 1882). Unfortunately,
                        this is a scenario unlikely to be witnessed again.

                 Selected references:


                        Bowles, M. L. 1983. The tallgrass prairie orchids Platanthera leu                    (Nutt.) Lindl. and
                               Cypripedium candidurn Muhl. ex Willd.: Some aspects of their status, biology, and ecology,
                               and implications toward management. Nat. Areas Jour. 3: 14-37.
                        Case, F. W., Jr. 1987. Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 48.
                               Bloomfield Hills, Mich. Second edition. 251 pp.
                        Correll, D. S. 1950. Native orchids of North America. Chronica Botanica, Waltham, Mass.
                        Luer, C. A. 1975. The native orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida. New
                               York Bot. Gard. 361pp.
                        Sheviak, C. J. & M. L. Bowles. 1986. The prairie ftinged orchids: A pollinator-isolated species
                               pair. Rhodora, 88: 267-290.






























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                                     Locations of Insect Surveys
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                 Apppendix VI. Location and dates of lakeplain prairie insect surveys, May-September, 1994.


                 Site Name                 County       Township-       Section         Sweep netting dates                              Black lighting dates
                                                        Range
                 Bradleyville Road         Tuscola      T14N-R7E        14 NWNW         June 2, 23; July 23; Sept. 21
                 Thomas Road               Tuscola      T15N-R8E        16 NESW         June 2, 23; July 24; Aug. 24; Sept. 22           June 30; July 24; Aug. 24; Sept. 22
                 Berger Road               Tuscola      T15N-R8E        13 SWNW         Aug. 10; Sept. 13; Sept. 30                      Sept. 30
                                                                        14 NESE
                 Sebewaing Railroad        Tuscola      T15N-R8E        12 NESE         Aug. 10; Sept. 13
                 Geiger Road               Tuscola      T16N-R9E        21 SESE         Aug. 10; Sept. 13
                 St. John's Marsh          St. Clair    T2N-Rl6E        6 NW            Sept. 14
                -Algonac South Drain       St. Clair    T3N-Rl6E        34 NENE         June 3, 22; July 28; Aug. 24, 29; Sept. 19       June 22- July 28; Aug. 29; Sept. 19
                 Bangor Road               Bay          T14N-R5E        4 NW            Aug. 10; Sept. 23
                 Algonac-Jankow Rd.        St. Clair    T3N-Rl6E        34 SE           Aug. 24,29; Sept. 19
                 Sumptor Township          Wayne        T4S-R8E         27 SE           Aug. 12,24; Sept. 2
                 Sumptor Borrow Pits       Wayne        T4S-R8E         31 NWNE         Sept. 2
                 Stems Road                Wayne        T8S-R6E         26 NENE         Sept. 14
                -King Road                 Wayne        T4S-RIOE        17 NE           Aug. 12; Sept. 2
                 Petersburg SGA            Monroe       T7S-R6E         15 SENE         Sept. 2
                                                                        14NENW
                 Pipeline Prairie East     Allegan      T3N-Rl3W        7 NESW          Aug. 22; Sept. 21
                 36th Street Prairie       Allegan      T3N-Rl4W      1 12 SESE         June 26; July 23; Aug. 22; Sept. 21              June 26; July 23; Aug. 22; Sept. 21












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                                   Locations of King Rail Surveys
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                 Appendix V11. Locations of lakeplain prairies and other wetland habitats surveyed for king rails in 1994.

                 Location                                                                                      Community Type

                 Southeastern Michigan

                 St. Clair Delta (St. Clair County):

                        St. Johns Marsh (T3N R16E Sec. 3 1, T2N R16E Sec. 6)                                   lakeplain wet prairie

                       Dickinson Island (T2N R1 5E Sec. 12, 13)                                                lakeplain wet prairie, Great Lakes marsh

                       Harsen's Island (T2N R16E Sec. 7-9, 16-21, 29, 30)                                      emergent marsh

                 Saginaw Bay

                     Berger Road (Tuscola County, T15N R8E Sec, 13, 14)                                        lakeplain prairie, Great Lakes marsh

                     Fish Point (Tuscola County, T15N R813 Sec. 9, 10, 15, 16, 22)                             lakeplain prairie, emergent marsh

                     Nayanquing Point (Bay County, T16N R4E Sec. 13, 24)                                       emergent marsh

                     Tobico Marsh (Bay County, T15N R413 Sec. 12, 13, 24, 25)                                  emergent marsh

                     Vanderbilt Park (Tuscola County, T14N R7E Sec. 21)                                        emergent marsh

                     Wigwam Bay (Arenac County, T18N R6E Sec. 5, T19N R6E Sec. 32)                             emergent marsh

                     Wildfowl Bay (Huron'County, T16N R9E Sec. 9)                                              emergent marsh








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                      Insect Species Recorded from Coastal Lakeplain Prairie
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                    Appendix VIII. A list of the insect species recorded from nine Michigan coastal lakeplain prairies.

                    BR=BradleyviUe Road, TH=Thomas Road, BE=Berger Road, SR=Sebewamg Railroad, GR=Geiger Road,
                    SJ=St. John's Marsh, AS=Algonac South Drain, AJ=AIgonac-Jankow Road, BP=Bangor Prairie.

                      SPECIES                                     BR TU BE                 SR       GR SJ            AS      BP       AJ
                      ORTHOPTERA
                      Family Tetrigida
                      Tettigidea lateralis (Say)                                                                     X
                      Nemotetfix cristatus (Scudder)                                                                 X
                      Tetrix arenosa Burmeister                                                                      X
                      Tetrix sublata (Linnaeus)                           X
                      Family Acrididae
                      Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer)                 X                                          X
                      Spharagemon collare (Scudder)                       X
                      Melanoplus borealis (Feiber)                                                                   X
                      Melanoplus bivittatus (Say)                                                                    X
                      Melanoplusfemurrubrum (DeGeer)                                                                 X
                      Orphulella speciosa (Scudder)                                                                  X
                      Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris)                    X                                          X
                      E9MRY Tettigonii
                      Neoconocephalus ensiger (Harris)                    X                                          X
                      Scudderia curvicauda MeGeer)                                                                   X
                      Orchilium vulgare Harris                                                                       X
                      Orchilium gladiator Brunner                                                                    X
                      Mantidae
                      Mantis religiosa Linnaeus                                                                      X
                      HENDPTERA
                      FgMily Pentatomidae
                      Acrosternum hilare (Say)                                                              X        X                X
                      Banasa calva (Say)
                      Coenus delius (Say)                                                                            X                X
                      Cosmopepla linteriana Kirkaldy                                                                         X
                      Euschistus tristigmus (Say)                 X                                                  X
                      Euschistus servus (Say)                                                                        X
                      Euschistus variolarius (P. de B.)                   X
                      Homaemus aenifrons (Say)                                    X
                      Mormidea lugens (F.)                        X                                                                   X
                      Podisus maculiventris (Say)                         X
                      Thyanta custator accerra McAtee                             X                                  X
                      HOMOPTERA
                      Family Acanoloniidae
                      Acanalonia bivatta (Say)                    X       X                X                         X       X        X
                      E4MLIY -C-er-CORida
                      ** Prosapia ignipectus (Fitch)                      X                                          X                X
                      Aphrophora quadrinotata Say                                                                    X                X
                      Clastoptera proteus Fitch                   X       X                                                   I
                      Clastoplera hyperici Gibson                 X                                X                         X








                                                                             217










                 Appendix VIII Continued.


                   SPECIES                                     BR TH BE                 SR      GR SJ            AS      BP       AJ
                   b@@ronia quadrangularis (Say)                                                         X       X                X
                   Neophilaenus linealus (Linnaeus)            X       X        X                        X       X       X        X
                   Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus)              X       X        X       X       X        X       X       X        X
                   Family Issidge
                   Bruchomorpha occulata Newman                                                                  X       X
                   Family DiMMhan
                       I           ---- @dae
                   Phylloscefis atra Germar                    X                                                 X       X
                   Scolopes sulcipes (Say)                     X                X       X                X       X       X        X
                   Fgmk Cicadellidae
                   A certagallia sp.                           X       X        X                                X       X
                   Amplicephalus inimicus (VanDuzee)                                                             X       X
                   Aphrodes sp.                                                                                          X        X
                   A thysanus argentatus Fabricius             X       X        X       X       X                X       X        X
                   Balclutha sp.                               X       X                        X                X                X
                   *Chforotetlix sp.                           X       X        X       X       X        X       X       X        X
                   Cicaduld cyperacea (Osborn)                         X
                   Ocaduld sahens (Van Duzee)                  X                                                 X       X        X
                   Cicadula smithi (Van Duzee)                 X       X
                   Cloanthanus sp.                                                                               X       X        X
                   Colladonus clitellarius (Say)                       X
                   Doratura stylata (Boh.)                             X
                   Dorydiella kansana Beamer                   X       X                        X        X
                   Elymana sp.                                 X       X                                         X                X
                   Empoasca sp.                                                                                  X       X        X
                   Eurythroneura sp.                                            X                                        X
                   Fitchana vitellina (Fitch)                  X       X
                   * Flexamia sp.                                                                        X       X
                   * Graminella sp.                                    X        X                                X                X
                   Graphocephalus coccinea Forster                                              X                X                X
                   Gypona melonata Spang.                      X       X        X                                X
                   Gyponana sp.                                X       X        X                                        X
                   *Hecalus sp.                                        X        X               X                                 X
                   Helochara communis Fitch                                                                              X
                   Idjodonus kennicotti (Uhler)                        X        X                                X
                   Idiocerus sp.                                       X
                   Jikaradia ofitoria (Say)                    X
                   * Laevicephalus sp-                         X       X        X               X        X       X       X        X
                   Latalus sp.                                         X        X                        X                        X
                   Limoteffix sp.                                      X
                   * Lonatura sp.                                                                                                 X
                   Macropsis sp-                               X       X                                                          X
                   Macrosteles sp.                             X       X        X       X       X                X       X        X
                   Neohecalus sp.                              X       X                X                X       X                X
                   Meokolla hieroglyphica (Say)                X                                         X       X       X        X
                   Norvellina seminuda (Say)                           X        X
                   Notus sp.                                                                                     X
                   Parablocratus sp.                                                                             X
                   Paraphlepsius sp.                                   X        X                        X       X                X
                   Penthimia americana Fitch                   X





                                                                            218









                   Appendix VIII Continued.


                      SPECIES                                       BR TH BE                  SR       GR Si            AS       BP       AJ
                      Ponana sp.                                            X
                      Scaphoideus sp.                               X                                  X                X        X
                      scaphytopius sp.                              X       X                 X        X       X        X        X        X
                      Scleroracus uhleri (Ball)                                                                                  X        X
                      Sorhoanus orientalis (DeL. & Dav.)                    X
                      Stirellus bicolor (Van Duzee)                                                                     X                 X
                      Stirellus obtutus (Van Duzee)                                                            X        X                 X
                      Stirellus sp.                                                                            X        X                 X
                      Tylozgus bifida (Say)                         X       X                          X                X        X        X
                      Xestocephaluspulicartus Van Duzee                     X                          X
                      Family Membraci
                      Campylenchia latipes (Say)                    X       X        X        X        X       X        X        X        X
                      Acutalis tartarea (Say)                       X       X                 X                         X
                      LEPIDOPTERA
                      Family Cossidae
                      Acossus centerensis (Litner)                          X
                      Family Lasi2gMpidae
                      Tolype velleda (Stoll)                                                                            X
                      Family Svhingi
                      Amphionfloridensis B.P. Clark                         X
                      Eumorpha pandorus (Hubner)                            X
                      Family Notodontidae
                      Natata gibbosa (J.E. Smith)                           X
                      Symmerista leucitys Franclemont                                                                   X
                      Family Arctiidae
                      Hypoprepiafucosa Hubner                                                                           X
                      Ctenucha virginica gEsper)                            X                                           X
                      Haploa confusa (Lyman)                                X
                      Pyrrharctia isabella Q.E. Smith)                      X
                      Phragmatobiafuliginosa (Linneaus)                     X
                      Halysidota tessellaris (J.E. Smith)                   X
                      Cycnia tenera Hubner                                                                              X
                      Family L3MMtni
                      Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus)                           X
                      Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith)                               X
                      Family Noctuidae
                      Piathypena scabra (Fabricius)                         X
                      Catocala habilis Grote                                                                            X
                      Catocalaparta Guenee                                                                              X
                      Catocala concumbens Walker                                                                        X
                      Catocala crataegi Saunders                                                                        X
                      Catocala mira Grote                                                                               X
                      Catocala amica (Hubner)                                                                           X
                      Plusta venusta Walker                                 X
                      A utographa precationis (Guenee)                                                                  X
                      Lithacodia carneold (Guenee)                          X








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                  Appendix VIII Continued.

                  SPECIES                                     BR      TH BE            SR      GR SJ           AS       BP      AJ
                  Lithacodia synochitis (Grote &                      X
                  Robinson)
                  Eu&yas grata (Fabricius)                            X
                  Apamea ampulatrix (Fitch)                           X
                  Amphipoea interoceana (Smith)                       X                                        X
                  Phlogophora iris Guence                             X
                  Archanara oblonga (Grote)                           X
                  Spodopterafiwgiperda (J.E. Smith)                           X                                X
                  Lacinipolia renigera (Stephens)                     X
                  Pseuddletia unipuncta (Haworth)                     X                                        X
                  Leucania multifinea Walker                          X
                  Feltiajaculifera (Guenee)                                                                    X
                  Feltia herifis (Grote)                              X
                  Peridroma saucia (Hubner)                           X
                  Xestia dolosaTranclemont                            X
                  Protolampra brunneicollis (Grote)                                                            X
                  Cryptocala acadiensis (Bethune)                                                              X
                  Heficoverpa zea (Boddie)                            X
                  "Papaipema sciata Bird                                                                       X
                  Papaipema limpida (Guenee)                                                                   X
                  Papaipema rigida (Grote)                                                                     X
                  Papaipema arctivorens Hampton                                                                X
                  Papaipemafurcata (Smith)                            X                                        X
                  Papaipema impecuniosa (Grote)                               X
                  Papaipema baptisiae (Bird)                                  X
                  Papaipema unimoda (Smith)                           X
                  Eupsilia morrisoni (Grote)                                  X
                  Perigea xanthioides Guenee                                                                   X
                  Family Geometridae
                  Euchlaena serrata (Dnny)                            X
                  Ennomos magnaris Guenee                                                                      X
                  Sicya macularia (Harris)                                                                     X
                  Heliomata cycladata G. & R.                                                                  X
                  Hyppa xylinoides (Guenee)                                                                    X
                  Family Tortricidae
                  Argvrofaenia alisellana (Robinson)                                                           X
                  Pandemis limitata (Robinson)                        X
                  Archipspurpurana (Clemens)                          X
                  Choristoneurafumiferana (Clemens)                                                            X
                  Archips argvrospila (Walker)                                                                 X
                  -Argyrofaenia quadrifasciana                                                                 X
                  (Fernald)
                  Family Yvonomeutidae
                  Attevapunctella (Cramer)                            X                                        X
                  Yponomeuta multipunctella Clemens                   X      X









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                Appendix VIII Continued.


                SPECIES                            BR     TH BE SR GR SJ                   AS     BP    AJ
                Family Pvrahdae
                Parapoynx badiusalis (Walker)             X
                Desmiafuneralis (Hubner)                  X
                Polygrammodesflavidalis (Guenee)                                           X



                         Six genera that contain host specific species.
                         Two special concern species
















































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                  Appendix IX. A list of the inse      ct species recorded from six Nfichigan inland lakeplain prairies.

                  ST=Sumptor Township, SR=Sterns Road, KR=King Road, PE=Petersburg, PI=Pipeline Prairie East,
                  36=36th Street Prairie.


                    SPECIES                                           ST      SR      IKR PE          PI       36
                    ORTHOPTERA
                    Family TetrigLdae
                    Tetigidea lateralis (Say)                                         X
                    Nemoteffix cristatus (Scudder)                    X
                    Family Acrididae
                    Dissoteira carolina (Linnaeus)                    X
                    Melanoplus bivittatus (Say)                       X
                    Melanoplus keeleri luridus (Dodge)                                                         X
                    Melanoplusfemmurrubrum (DeGeer)                   X       X               X       X        X
                    Melanoplus islandicus Blatchley                                           X
                    Dichromorpha viridis (Scudder)                                            X
                    Pseudopontala brachyptera Scudder                                 X
                    Fmily Tettigoniidae
                    Neoconocephalus ensiger (Harris)                  X
                    Scudderia curvicauda (DeGeer)                                     X                        X
                    Family Mantidae
                    Mantis refigiosa L.                                                       X
                    HEMIPTERA
                    EgMgy Pentatonudae
                    Acrosternum hilare (Say)                                  X                                X
                    Coenus delius (Say)                                                       X       X
                    Cosmopepla linteriana Kirkaldy                                                    X
                    Eurygaster alternata (Say)                                                                 X
                    Euschistus icte?Icus (L.)                                                                  X
                    Euschistuspolitus                                                                 X        X
                    Euschistus servus (Say)                           X                       X                X
                    Euschistus tristigmus (Say)                                                                X
                    Euschistus variolarius (P. de B.)                                         X                X
                    Holcostethus limbolarius (Stal)                                                            X
                    Homaemus aenifrons (Say)                          X               X       X
                    Mormidea lugens (Fabricius)                       X               X                        X
                    Neottiglossa undata (Say)                                                         X
                    Family Cvdmdae
                    Sehirus cinctus (P. de B.)                                                                 X
                    HOMOPTERA
                    Family Acanoloniidae
                    Acanalonia bivatta (Say)                          X               X       X                X
                    Family Issidae
                    Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch                                                X
                    Bruchomorpha occulata Newman                      X                       X
                    Family DiMMhan
                                      @dae
                    Phylloscelis atra Germar                                          X
                    Phylloscelispallescens Germar                                     X
                    Scolopes sulcipes (Say)                           X               X       X






                                                                           225










                 Appendix IX Continued.


                   SPECIES                                           ST      SR      KR PE            PI      36
                   Family CemoRi
                   Aphrophora cribrata (Walker)                                                               X
                   Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch)                                                            X
                   Clastoptera proteus Fitch                                                                  X
                   Lepyronia quadrangularis (Say)                    X       X       X       X
                   Neophilaenus fineatus (Linnaeus)                  X                                        X
                   *Philaenarcys killa Hamilton                                                               X
                   Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus)                    X               X       X        X       X
                   Eamily Cicadellidae
                   Acertagallia sp.                                  X               X       X        X
                   Amplicephalus inimicus                            X
                   Aphrodes sp.                                                              X
                   Athysanus argentatus Fabricius                                                     X       X
                   Aulacizes irrorata (Fabricius)                            X               X        X       X
                   Balclutha sp.                                                                      X       X
                   Bandarajohnsoni (Van Duzee)                                                        X
                   *Chlorotettix sp.                                 X       X       X       X        X       X
                   Ocaduld cyperacea (Osborn)                                                                 X
                   Ocaduld sahens (Van Duzee)                                                         X       X
                   Cicaduld smithi (Van Duzee)                                                                X
                   Ocaduld sp.                                       X
                   Cloanthanus sp.                                   X       X               X        X       X
                   Driotura grammaroides (Van DWee)                                  X
                   EI)mana sp.                                                                                X
                   Empoasca sp.                                      X                       X                X
                   Eurythroneura sp.                                                         X        X       X
                   Eurythroneura nigra Gill.                                                          X
                   Fitchana vitellina (Fitch)                                                                 X
                   ï¿½ Flexamia sp.                                            X
                   ï¿½ Graminella sp.                                                          X        X       X
                   Graphocephalus coccinea (Forster)                 X                       X
                   Gyponana sp.                                      X                       X                X
                   * Hecalus sp.                                     X               X       X                X
                   Helochara communis Fitch                                                           X
                   Idiocerus sp.                                                                              X
                   Idiodonus kennicotti (Uhler)                                      X                X
                   Mradia olitura (Say)                                                                       X
                   * Laevicephalus sp.                               X               X       X        X       X
                   Latalus sp.                                       X
                   Macropsis sp.                                                                      X       X
                   Macrosteles sp.                                   X               X       X                X
                   Neohecalus sp.                                                                             X
                   Neokolla hieroglyphica (Say)                      X                       X        X       X
                   Notus sp.                                         X                                        X
                   Paraphlepsius sp.                                 X               X       X                X
                   Penthimia mnericana Fitch                                                                  X
                   Scaphoideus sp.                                                   X                        X
                   Scaphytopius sp.                                  X               X       X                X
                   Stirellus bicolor (Van Duzee)                                             X




                                                                          226









                  Appendix IX Continued.

                     SPECIES                                           ST       SR      KR PE           PI       36
                     Stirellus obtutus (Van Duzee)                                              X
                     Stragania sp.                                                              X
                     Tylozgus bifida (Say)                                                              X
                     LEPEDOPTERA
                     Family Saturniidae
                     Dryocampa rubicunda (Fabricius)                                                             X
                     Anisota virginiensis (Drury)                                                                X
                     EgMily Sphingi
                     Paonias myops (J.E. Smith)                                                                  X
                     Darapsa pholus (Cramer)                                                                     X
                     Family Notodontidae
                     Nadatagibbosa (J.E. Smith)                                                                  X
                     Notodonta scitipennis Walker                                                                X
                     Family Arctudge
                     Crambidia lithosiodes Dyar                                                                  X
                     Haploa lecontei (Guerin-Menetries)                                                          X
                     Pyrrharctia isabella (J.E. Smith)                                                           X
                     Ecpantheria scribonia (Stoll)                                                               X
                     Ralysidota tessellaris (J.E. Smith).                                                        X
                     Ctenucha virginica (Esper)                                                                  X
                     Cissepsfulvicollis (Hubner)                                                                 X
                     Dasychira obliquata (Grote & Robertson)                                                     X
                     Eaffift Noctuidae
                     Catocala ilia (Cramer)                                                                      X
                     Catocala reficta Walker                                                                     X
                     Catocala concumbens Walker                                                                  X
                     Catocala amica (Hubner)                                                                     X
                     Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)                                                             X
                     Syngrapha sp.                                                                               X
                     Cerma cerintha (Treitschke)                                                                 X
                     Lithacodia cameola (Guenee)                                                                 X
                     Acronicta afflicta (Grote)                                                                  X
                     A cronicta ovata (Grote)                                                                    X
                     Polygrammate hebracicum Hubner                                                              X
                     Nephelodes minians Guenee                                                                   X
                     Lacinipolia renigera (Stephens)                                                             X
                     Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnegel)                                                                  X
                     Feltia herilis (Grote)                                                                      X
                     Papaipema ptersii Bird                                                                      X
                     Papaipema lysimachiae Bird                                                                  X
                     Papaipema baptisiae (Bird)                                                                  X
                     Enargia infumata (Grote)                                                                    X
                     Family Geornetridae
                     Biston betularia cognata (Guenee)                                                           X
                     Campaea perlata (Guenee)                                                                    X
                     Eubaphe mendica (Walker)                                                                    X








                                                                           227









               Appendix LX Continued.

                  SPECUIS                                       ST      SR     KR PE          PI      36
                  Dysstroma hersiftata (Guenee)                                                       x
                  Euchidena nadusaria (Walker)                                                        x
                  Famfly Limacodidae
                  Eudea delphinii (Boisduval)                                                         x
                  Family Tortncidae
                  Olethreutesfasciatana (Clemens)                                                     x
                  Argyrotaenia ahsellana (Robinson)                                                   x
                  Choristoneurafumiferana (Clemens)                                                   x
                  Archips argwospila (Walker)                                                         x
                  F   y )[p@meq@tidae
                  Atteva punctella (Cramer)                                                           x
                  Family n3gididae
                  Thyris maculata Harris                                                              x
                  EgMft RMILdae
                  Crambus leachellus (Zincken)                                                        x


                          Six genera that contain host specific species.

































                                                                    228






















                                                              APPENDIX X


                                        POTENTIAL LAKEPLAIN PRAHUE SITES




                 During the season's field work it was not possible to visit all potential lakeplain prairie sites. Although we
                 believe that over 90% of the viable sites have been identified, a few areas have not been explored. Some of
                 these areas have been identified as potential prairie locations during the interpretation of aerial
                 photographs and some represent site leads from literature and personal communications. Over 700
                 landowners of potential prairie sites were identified during the aerial photography review. Because of the
                 large number, some of the lower potential sites were shelved, no letters requesting access to the property
                 were sent and no attempts were made to visit the sites. Of the letters that were sent out only 30%
                 responded. Because of lack of response, or responses denying access, some sites could not be visited.
                 Many sites contained multiple owners so that even when one land owner denied access to their property we
                 could still visit a portion of the area of interest and assess the presence or absence of a lakeplain prairie
                 community-

                 The following maps indicate areas that have some potential for supporting lakeplain prairies but have not
                 been visited. A quarter section area that includes a possible prairie remnant has been shaded. A shaded
                 ftagment does not mean that the entire quarter section is potentially prairie.



















                                                                      229




































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