[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]














                                      An Assessment of Florida's Remaining
                                       Coastal Upland Natural Communities:
                                                 Southeast Florida





                                              Ann F. Johnson, Ph.D.











                                                 December 1990



                                          Florida Natural Areas Inventory
                                              1018 Thomasville Road
                                                   Suite 200-C
                                              Tallahassee, FL 32303

                                              James William Muller
                                                   Coordinator










             Funds for this project were provided by the Department of Environmental Regulation, Office
             of Coastal Management using funds available through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
             Administration under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended.











             INTRODUCTION. A total of sixty-six sites in natural vegetation and, in most cases, of 10
             or more acres extent, were visited along the sandy barrier island coast from the northern
             Brevard County line to the tip of Cape Florida opposite Miami in Dade County (Figure
             la,b). Twenty-eight of these sites are entirely in public ownership, and the remaining
             thirty-eight wholly or partially in private ownership. If the sites arc broken out by county
             (Table 1) it is immediately apparent that there is a gradient from north to south in number
             of natural sites wholly or partially in private ownership with Brevard having the highest
             number (13); Indian River, St Lucie, and Martin next with 8,7,and 6 respectively, and then
             a steep drop to Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade with 2,2, and 0 respectively.

             VEGETATION. Coastal vegetation in this region can generally be classified into three
             communities which grade into one another as one moves inland from the shore. The
             herbaceous beach dune community nearest the beach is replaced by the shrubby strand
             community which in turn grades into a forest (maritime hammock) community as plant
             height becomes less suppressed by the killing of the terminal buds by salt spray off the
             ocean.

             Plant species composition of the strand and hammock communities is not uniform along the
             entire region, but can be divided into two categories: temperate, usually oak-dominated,
             communities with tropical species in the understory, and tropical communities with little or
             no oak. The tempera te/tropica I type occurs from the northern limit of the region south to
             about Martin County from which point south the purely tropical type predominates.
             Tropical hammocks do occur north of Martin County, however, on isolated areas with
             shelly substrates. An indicator species for the tcmperate/tropical type is nakedwood
             (Myrcianthes fragrans) which was not seen in coastal communites south of St Lucie County
             (Table 4) or north of Volusia. A woody plant with smooth orange bark and small, aromatic
             leaves, it can occur either as a shrub in the strand community or as a small understory tree
             in the maritime hammock. Another change that occurs at Martin County is a shift in the
             dominant seaward-most species in the strand from saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) to sea
             grape (Coccoloba uvifera) to the south.

             A fourth community, scrub, occurs near the coast in Brevard and northern Palm Beach
   r         Counties. This shrubby community is widespread on mainland Florida, but rare on
             Atlantic coast barrier islands. It usually occurs inland from the strand community on
             higher ridges and is distinguished f rom strand by the absence of tropical species and the
             presence of sand live oak and myrtle oak (Quercus geminata and Q. myrtifolia) instead of
             dwarfed live oak (Quercus virginiana). Its occurrence is thought to be a reflection of more
             acid sands due to the leaching of shell from the older beach ridge deposits (Kurz, 1942).

             RARE PLANTS. Five species of plants listed as rare by the FNAI are found along this
             sector of the coast: prickly apple (Cereus gracilis), a columnar cactus found in disturbed
             portions of strand community in southern Brevard County, silver palm (Coccothrinax
             argeniala), a shrubby palm in hammock understories in southern Palm Beach to Dade
             Counties, beach jacquemontia (Jacquemonlia reclinala), a trailing vine in grassy openings in
             the strand community found from Palm Beach to Dade Counties, Florida lantana (Lantana
             depressa var floridana), a low shrub found in beach dune communities and edges of strand
             and hammock from Volusia to Dade Counties, and Biscayne prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum
             coriaceum),an understory tree in hammocks in Broward and Dade Counties. Of these the
             most endangered are Florida lantana and beach jacquemontia, since they occur only on this
             coast and are known from fewer than 10 sites. Both are being considered by the Center fro
             Plant Conservation for bringing into cultivation to conserve genetic diversity of the
             populations.

             PURPOSE AND METHODS. The purpose of this project was to identify and assess the
             quality of natural communities in parcels greater than 20 acres along the barrier islands of












             2

             the southeast coast of Florida from Brevard to Dade Counties. Natural sites were
             identified using the latest available aerial photography from the Florida Department of
             Transportion. Communities were ranked on the basis of species diversity, structure, degree
             of disturbance, and degree of exotic invasion as A - good, B - moderate, C - poor and A+ -
             outstanding. All community and species information obtained in field surveys of the sites
             were mapped and entered into the FNAI database. In-house information on each site was
             combined with that obtained in the field and condensed into one-page summaries for each
             site. Attached to each site summary is a copy of the U.S.G.S. quad with the site outlined
             and the portion in public/private ownership indicated. For purposes of comparison rough
             estimates of the number of acres in each community type were made for each site (Table
             4,5). These figures should not be used for any more precise purpose than order-of-
             magnitude comparisons.

             REPRESENTATION OF COMMUNITIES ON PUBLIC LANDS. The beach dune
             community is of limited extent along this coastline, since most of the coast is receding. It
             is well represented on public lands in those limited areas where the coast is prograding,
             either naturally as at Cape Canaveral (BREV-1, 2), or where sand is trapped on the north
             side of jetties as at Sebastian Inlet S.R.A. (BREV-18) and Fort Pierce Inlet S.R.A. (STLU-3),
             or where the beaches have been re-nourished as at St. Lucie Inlet S.R.A.(MART-5), John U.
             Lloyd S.R.A. (BROW-4), and Cape Florida S.R.A. (DADE-3).

             Strand is a transitional community between beach dune and hammock and its extent is
             dependent on the topography inland from the foredune - if the land is level or rising, salt
             spray can penetrate farther inland and the strand zone will be broader; if the land slopes
             down behind a foredune ridge, strand may be confined to seaward slope and crest of the
             foredune itself. The saw palmetto variant of strand is well-represented in the 12-milc-long
             coast of Canaveral National Seashore (BREV-1) and on the Dollman Tract (STLU-9); the
             sea grape variant at Radnor Park (PALM-4), MacArthur Beach State Park (PALM-6), and
             North Beach County Park (BROW-5).

             The temperate-canopy hammock prevalent from Brevard to Martin Counties is relatively
             poorly represented on public lands, having only small acreages at Sebastian Inlet S.R.A.
             (BREV-18) and Avalon (STLU-1). The tropical hammock, which occupied the central
             .portion of the barrier islands in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade counties, has been
             reduced by urbanization to only a few isolated sites, most of which are in public
             ownership. The three best developed stands at Gumbo Limbo Nature Center (PALM-12),
             Hugh Taylor Birch S.R.A. (BROW-2), amd Bartlett Estate (BROW-3) are isolated from their
             natural transitions to adjacent communities. These transitions are still found to hammocks
             at MacArthur Beach S. R. A. (PALM-6) and Boynton Beach (PALM-9).

             Coastal grassland and xeric hammock are well represented on Cape Canaveral (BREV-2,3).
             The Brevard scrub is represented at Coconut Point North (BREV-7) and a larger and more
             disturbed example at Seagrape Manor North (BREV-9). The Palm Beach county scrub is
             represented at Radnor Park by a larger disturbed piece and at Loggerhead Park (PALM-5)
             by a smaller piece broken up by trails. Size is known to be an important determinant of
             whether a given scrub can support scrub jays.

             REPRESENTATION OF COMMUNITIES ON PRIVATE LANDS. Most extensive beach
             dune communities are in public ownership. Three excellent examples of this community
             are in private ownership - at Sebastian Inlet North (BREV-17) which is continuous with        the
             beach dune community at Sebastian Inlet S.R.A. (BREV-18), at Sailfish Point (MART-4)
             which has been building seaward with sand trapped by the north jetty at St Lucie Inlet,
             and the Posner Tract (BROW-5) where beach dune species have invaded an area cleared of
             strand.

             Excellent examples of tempcrate/tropical hammock and its associated strand are found at












             3

             eight sites, three in Brevard County (BREV-4,13,17) and five in Indian River County
             (INDI-2,3,4,5,6). Tropical hammock, on the other hand, is represented in the main protion
             of its range only on large estates on Jupiter Island (MART-7,8) and Hillsboro Beach
             (BROW-1). In the latter case, invasion of a twining Philodendron sp. has so blanketed the
             ground under the hammock that tree reproduction is questionable. Isolated small stands of
             tropical hammock are found north of its principal range on shelly substrates in St Lucie
             County (STLU-2,6,and 9).

             RATING OF SITES. Criteria used to rate sites as "excellent" or "good" (Tables 4,5) were 1)
             presence of communities ranked A or A+, 2) presence of natural transitions between
             communities from ocean to lagoon, 3) minimum size - sites less than 20 acres were not
             included unless, 4) presence of an outstanding example of a relativley rare community
             (scrub, tropical hammock). Sites meeting any one of these criteria are listed as "excellent".

             DISCUSSION OF BEST SITES. From the above discussion it is clear that the major
             community NOT now represented on publicly owned lands is the temperate/tropical
             hammock. Among the sites in private ownership rated as excellent, eight have have
             substantial acreages of good quality occurrences of this community. Among those eight,
             the largest and one with the most mature hammock having ecotones with mangrove swamp
             and strand intact is North Sebastian Inlet (BREV-17). Jetty Park (BREV-4) has an intact
             transition from tempera te/tropical to xcric hammock which was not found elsewhere,
             although it probable existed on Cape Canaveral before the Air Force installation were
             built. The other six sites are all more or less equivalent in terms of the quality of their
             natural communities.

             Beach dune and strand are fairly well represented in public ownership. Tropical hammock
             has no large sites in either public or private ownership. Since this was the principal climax
             community on the barriers of southern Martin, Palm Beach, Broward and Dade Counties, it
             would seem desirable to preserve any good existing examples that remain within these
             counties. The best quality example, though small, is Jupiter Estates South (MART-8).
             Management of these sites is needed - invasive exotics and exposure of canopy to salt spray
             have damaged tropical hammock at Hillsboro Estates (BROW-1) and Jupiter Estates North
             (MART-7). Tropical hammock on shell substrates north of these counties is well
             represented on public lands relative to the natural extent of its occurrence. Scrub also has
             a limited occurrence on barrier islands in southern Brevard and northern Palm Beach
             Counties. It has substantial acreages at two publicly owned sites (Coconut Point North
             (BREV-7) and Radnor Beach Park (PALM-4). It would be desirable for perpetuation of the
             associated scrub jays, which have a minimum territory size, increase its acreage in sites
             adjacent to these or with large acreages of scrub, such as (BREV-8).






                 4




                Table 4.                               SITES PRIMARILY IN PUBLIC OWNERSHIP

                Sites (% public)                       (A) Communities Represented        Approx. Acreage



                         Excellent Sites

                BREV-1 Canaveral National                   coastal strand                     198
                         Seashore (100%)

                BREV-2 False Cape (100%)                    beach dune                         190
                                                            coastal strand                     380
                                                            xeric hammock                      570

                BREV-3 Cape Canaveral (100%)                beach dune                         285
                                                            coastal strand                     758
                                                            coastal grassland                  189

                BREV-7  Coconut Point North (75%)           scrub                               45
                                                            tropical hammock                    10

                BREV-18 Sebastian Inlet State               beach dune                            7
                         Recreation Area (75%)              coastal strand                      33
                                                            temp./trop. hammock                 30
                                                            tropical hammock                      4

                STLU-9 Doliman Tract (100%)                 coastal strand                      50
                                                            temp./trop. hammock                 18
                                                            tropical hammock                    15

                PALK-6 MacArthur Beach                      beach dune                          16
                         State Park (100%)                  coastal strand                      20
                                                            tropical hammock                    48

                PALM-12 Gumbo Limbo Nature                  tropical hammock                    40
                         Center (100%)

                BROW-2 Bartlett Estate (100%)               tropical hammock                    11




                         Good Sit

                BREV-5 Lori Wilson Park (100%)              temp/trop. hammock                    3
                                                            tropical hammock                      4

                BREV-6 Spessard Holland Park (100%)         scrub                                 8


                STLU-3 Fort Pierce Inlet State              beach dune                            6
                         Recreation Area (100%)             temp./trop. hammock                 26

                MART-2 Stuart Beach Park (100%)             temp./trop. hammock                 16

                KART-5 St. Lucie Inlet State                beach dune                          66
                         Recreation Area (100%)             temp./trop. hammock                 51
                                                            tropical hammock                    17

                MART-9 Blowing Rocks Preserve               beach dune                          13
                         (100% non-profit)                  coastal strand                      20

                PALM-4 Radnor Beach Park (100%)             beach dune                            7
                                                            coastal strand                      30

                PALM-9 Boynton Beach Park (100%)            beach dune                            I
                                                            coastal strand                        3
                                                            tropical hammock                      7

                BROW-2 Hugh Taylor Birch State              tropical hammock                    58
                         Recreation Area (100%)

                BROW-4 John U. Lloyd State                  beach dune                          44
                         Recreation Area (100%)

                BROW-5 North Beach Park (100%)              coastal strand                      20













                  Table 5.                              SITES PRIMARILY IN PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

                  Sites (% private)                      (A) Communities Represented         Approx. Acreage



                          Excellent Sites

                  BREV-4 Jetty Park (90%)                     coastal strand                       20
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                  50
                                                              xeric hammock                        50

                  BREV-13 Worth Ftoridana  Beach (90%)        coastal strand                       10
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                 198

                  BREV-17 North Sebastian  Inlet (100%)       beach dune                           16
                                                              coastal strand                       70
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                 189

                  INDI-2 North Jungle Trail (70%)             coastal strand                       92
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                  92
                                                              tropical hammock                     22

                  INDI-3 Golden Sands Park (94%)              coastal strand                       51
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                  67

                  INDI-4 South Wabasso Beach Park             coastal strand                       26
                          (100%)                              temp./trop. hammock                  48

                  INDI-5 North Baytree Development            coastal strand                       29
                          (100%)                              temp./trop. hammock                  97

                  INDI-6 South Jungle Trait (100%)            beach dune                             7
                                                              coastal strand                       70
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                  99

                  MART-8 Jupiter Estates South (100%)         coastal strand                         6
                                                              tropical hammock                       7

                  PALM-5 Loggerhead Park (80%)                coastal strand                       12
                                                              scrub                                39




                          Good Sit

                  BREV-8 Coconut Point (88%)                  scrub                               ill

                  BREV-15 Aquarina (100%)                     temp./trop. hammock                 143

                  INDI-7 Prang Island (100%)                  tropical hammock                     23

                  INDI-8 South of Round Island                temp./trop. hammock                  47
                          County Park (93%)

                  STLU-1 Avalon (60%)                         beach dune                           11
                                                              coastal strand                       70
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                 191

                  STLU-2 Fish House Cove (100%)               tropical hammock                     11

                  STLU-6 Florida Power & Light Nuclear        tropical hammock                     10
                          Plant (100% - no public access)

                  STLU-8 Herman's Bay to Normandy Beach       beach dune                           12
                          Access (99%)                        coastal strand                       44
                                                              temp./trop. hammock                  85
                                                              tropical hammock                     10

                  KART-2 Stuart Beach Park (50%)              temp./trop. hammock                  30

                  MART-7 Jupiter Estates North (100%)         tropical hammock                     47

                  BROW-3 Posner Tract (100%)                  beach dune                           il












              6

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              Buckley, A. and Hendrickson, T.O. 1983. Vascular plants of Hugh Taylor Birch State
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                             and                 1985. Preliminary list of vascular plants of John U. Lloyd
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              Burch,  J. and F. Posin. 1983. Site surveys of barrier island vegetation in Indian River, St.
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              Cairns, K. 1990. Manager, Indian River Aquatic Preserve, Fort Pierce, Florida, pers. comm.

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             7

             Dicmer, J. E. Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission, Gainesville, FL 32601.

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             Duever, L. C., G. B. Iverson, P. F. Lund, M. J. Duever, F. P. Porzel, J. N. Burch, and J. F.
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             Griffiths, F. pers. comm.      Palm Beach County, Department of Environmental Resources
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             8


            Lippincott, C. pers. comm. Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables,
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            9


            Swain, H. 1990. Biological Survey for Treasure Shores Oceanfront Park and Beach Recreation
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            Woodbury, R. 1989. Unpublished plant list for FOS (Florida Oceanographic Society)
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            Woodbury, R. 1986. Vegetation of Walton Rocks Beach Park, St. Lucie County, Florida. June
                   1986-1987. Unpublished manuscript. FNAI files - U86WOO01.

            U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990. Draft environmental assessment for the proposed Archie
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            U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.     1980.  Status report on federal candidate Tephrosia
                   anguslissima. Office of Endangered Species, Region IV. Atlanta, GA.







     VOLUSIA


        10 4w MUMMUO


                                                 BREV-1 C-10,1veral National Seashore






                                MI:RRi'r,r                BREV-2 I-atsc Cape








                                     ISI.AND
                                                               BREV-3 Cipc Canaverai





                                                          BREV-4 Jetty Parl,


                          Cocoa 0

                                                        BREV-5 Lori Wilson [)as-k-
                                              to



             BREVARD





                                                            BREV-6 SPessard flollan(I Park
                                                            BREV-7 Cocolluf Pint North
                                   Mclbourne 0         /Z BREV-8 c,cm,ut Point
                                                                BREV-9     Scavape Manor Nofth
                                                               BREV-10 ]lug Point Cove

                                                                        BREV-11 flog Point
                                                                        BREV-I;: Washburn Cove
                                                                        BREV-13 Nortli 1-'I,ritiana Beach
                                                                        BREV-14 110nest John's Fists Camp

                                                                     BREV-15 Aqu;)rina
                                                                   -------BREV-16 I'cI)pc(Covc
                                                                    -------BREV-17 North Sebastian Inlet
                                                                            BREV-18 Sebastian Inlet Statc Park



                       do -SWIM



                   INDIAN RIVER


                                                                                                N

                    Figure Ia.                                                10                 0                     twides



















                    BREVARD
                                                               INDI-1 South Seb-lian Inlet
                                                               INDI-2 Nm1h Jungle I rail
                                                               INDI-3 GOICIC11 SaJILIS Pafk
                                                               INDI-4 South Wabasso Heach Park
                        INDIAN
                                                            INDI-5 North Ilaytrec
                                                            INDI-6 South Jun0c 'I'lail
                         RIVER


                                       Vcro Beach           --INDI-7 Prang Island

                                                                 INDI-8 South Nowid Island Park




                                                                      STLU-1   A va lon
                                                                      STLU-2   Fish House cove
                                                                      STLU-3   Ft. Pierce Inlet S.R.A.
                                                                   Forl Piel-ce Inlet
                                               Fort Picrce          -STLU-4 Blue fleron Blvd.

                                                      IIUTCIIINSON     ----ISTLU-5 Blind Creek Beach
                                 ST       L U C I E                      -STLU-6 N I-L Power and Light
                                                                                 STLU-7 Walton Rocks Beach

                                                                                 STLU-8 ficrman's Bay
                                                                                 STLU-9 Dollman Tract
                                                                  r
                                                                    ISLAND





                                         M A R T I N






                Figure 1b.
                                                                                              N



                                                                                                                    Mile$
                                                                             10                0
                                                                             F-i 1-@








                                                                                               7-


       ST LUCIE
                                      14ART-1 Bob Graham Park

                                      MART-2 Stuart Beach Park

                                        KART-3 House of Refuge
                                     ,,,.,MART-4 Sailfish Point
                                       St Liscie lidel

            M A R T I N                 -MART-5 St. Lucie Inlet S.R.A.

                          Hobe Sound         MART-6 Hobe Sound Reach

                                                       MART-7 Jupiter Estates North
                                                       14ART-8 Jupiter Estates South
                                                       MART-9 Blowing Rocks Preserve
                                                     PALM-1 Coral Cove Park
        .. ....  .WWOWM.,W@ whv@                  Jupiter 1111ei

                                                       PALM-2 Dubois Park
                                                       PALM-3 Carlin Park
                                                       PALM-4 Radnor Park
                                                       PALM-5 Loggerhead Park

                                                    ----PALM-6 MacArthur Beach Park

              P A L M
                                                       Lake Worth Inlet




                              West Paini Beach


                                                           PALM-7 South Southern Blvd.
                                                           PALM-8 Phipps Park



              8 E A C H
                                                       Boynion lidet


                                                         PALM-9     Boynton Beach
                                                      --PALM-10 Atlantic Duties




                                                    -PALM-11 Spanish River Park



                                                    - PALX- 12 Gumbo Limbo Nature Center
                                   Boca Raton @           PALM-13 South Beach Park

                                                    Boca Ralon lidel
                                                                                               N
           BROWARD
                                                                                                                     miles
                                                                              10                0                 10



              Figure 1c.

















                    PALM BEACH




                                                   BROW-1 Ifillsboro Beach Estates


                   DROWARD





                                             -BROW-2 flugh Taylor Birch S.R.A.
                                               BROW-3 Bartlett Estate
                     Fort Lauderdale          Port Evt,rgltjdt,.%
                                            -@--EIROW-4 John U. Lloyd S.R,A.
                                               'BROW-5 North Beach County Park








                   D A D E               D




                          MiaMi


                                          -   DADE-1 Virginia Key
                                          - DADE-2 Crandon Park

                                           KEY BISCAYNE


                                             DADE-3 Cape Florida S.R.A.






           Figure Id.


                                                                                              N


                                                                             10                0                 10 Miles
                                                                             F--f F--j 1--@ Im-4                 EI





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          OH541.5.C65 A78 1992
          An assessment of Florida's remaining coastal upland natural communities, southwest Florida             by
          Ann F. Johnson and James W. Muller.
          Johnson, Ann F.


            Personal Author:    Johnson, Ann F.
                         Title: An assessment of Florida's remaining coastal upland natural communities,
                                southwest Florida / by Ann F. Johnson and James W. Muller.
            Publication info:   Tallahassee, FL : Florida Natural Areas Inventory, [1992]
            Physical descrip:   1 v. (various pagings)   maps ; 28 cm.
               General Note:    "March 1992."

               General Note:--LPB92-1888382,!'-
               General Note:    Funds for this project were provided by the Department of Environmental
                                Regulation, Office of Coastal Management using funds available through the
                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration..."
          Bibliography note:    Includes bibliographical references.
          Reproduction note:    Photocopy. Springfield, Va.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical
                                Information Service, (1994?1
                Subject term:   Coastal ecology--Florida.
                Subject term:   Marine resources conservation-Florida.
                Subject term:   Coasts--Florida- -Environmental conditions.
               Added author:    Muller, James William.
              Added Author:     Florida Natural Areas Inventory
              Added Author:     Florida Office of Coastal Management.
              Added Author:     United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.




                                                        COPY MATERIAL LOCATION

          CALL NUMBER for: SILVERSPRG
           1) QH541.5.C65 A78 1992                            1 BOOK             STACKS
                                                              2 BOOK             STACKS





 I of 2                                                                                                          1 in/oo 11:01 AM





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    2 of 2                                                                                                                                   11/7/00 11:01 AM




                                                  Beach Dune - SE coast Florida                                                       A = abundant
                             TabIC 1.                                                                                                 LA     locally abundant
                                                                                                   STANDS                             F    frequent
               F                                                                                                                      0    occasional
               r                                                                                                                      R    rare
               e                                                                                                                      x    killed back by freeze
               q                                    9                            S         M         P               B     D
               u                                    r                   n        t         a         a               r     a
               e                                    e                   d        L         r         1               a     d
               n                                    v                   i        u         +         m               w     e
               c             SPECIES                0  0  0 0 0     1   0 a 0    a  0 0    0  0 0    0 a 0     1  1  a  a  a 0 0
               y         (25 sites total)           1  2  3 -4 7 8      3 6 8    3  4 5 la   1b 5    4 5 8     1 2 ?a   ?b 3 -1 5
               -------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               20 Iva imbricata                     F  A 8 A     A  F   F -   0  R 8   -   A  0  8   A A   0   0  - - -    0   A  A   Beach elder
               20 Uniola paniculata                 A  A 8   LA  A  A   - A   8  A LA  -   -  A  A   A A   A   8  A LA  -  -   0  R   Sea oats
               13 Helianthus debilis                - - -    R   -  -   A R   0  -  A  -   0  -  R   R - - -      R  R  -  A   A  A   Beach sunflower
               13 Ipomoea pes-caprae                -  a  0  - - -      0 0   -  a  0  - - -     A   0 0   0   -  -  -  0  0   0  -   Railroad vine
               12 Panicum amarulum                  - LA LR  LA  A  -   - 0   -  -  0  -   A  -  A   0 -   0   R  - - - -      0  0   Bitter panicum
               11 Croton punctatus                  - 0   - - - -       0 R   - - - -      A LA  0   - - - -      0  A  0  -   A  A   Beach tea
               11 Remirea maritima                  - Ox LA  - - - - - - - - -             A A  LA   0 0   0   0  -  A  - - - LA      Beach star
               11 Sesuvium por+ulacastrum           - - - - - -         0 R   -  0  0  -   - - A     0 0   - - -     0  0  -   A -    Sea Purslane
               10 Alternanthera maritima            0  - - - - - - - - - -             A   -  - R    -LA  LA   0  0 LA  A  -   A -    Alternanthera
               10 Coccoloba uvifera                 - Ox  - - -    Ox   - -  LAXOX  - OX   - Ox Ox   - - - -      A  -  0  -   -  A   Sea grape
               10 Spartina pa+ens                   - LA LA  LA  - -    A LA  - -  LA  -   -  0  0   0LA   - - - - - - - -            Beach cordgrass
               9Scaevola plumieri                   - - - - -      0 x  - -   - RX R   -   - OX RX  RX 0   -   -  0  R  - - -     0   Beach berry
               7Canavalia maritima                  - -  OX  - - - -      R   -  - LA  - - -     0   - -   0   0  -  0  - - - -       Beach bean
               7Paspalum distichum                  - - - LA     -  -   - -   -  0 LH  -   -  - A    0 -   -   -  -  -  LA A   -  -   Seashore paspalum
               6Distichlis spicata                  - LA LA  - - -     LA  LR - - - - - - - - -            0   - - - - -       A  -   Saltgrass
               6Yucca al oi fol i a                 -  R  - - - - - - - - - - - -                R   - R   -   R  - - -    0   -  0   Spanish bayonet
               5Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolium    - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                 OX   -L8   - - -    LA  -  -   A  -   Woody spurge
               5Oenothera humifusa                  - - -    0   - - - - - - - - - -             R   R - - - -       0  -  13  -  -   Everting primrose
               5Opuntia stricta                     R  -  0  -   -  0   - - - - - - - -          R   - -   0   - - - - - - -          Prickly pear
               5Physalis viscosa                    - - -    0   - - - - - -       LA  - - - - -      LA   -   0  - - - - -      L A  Sand cherry
               5Suriana maritima                    - - - - - - - - - - -             RX   -  - RX   - - - - -       0  R  -   0  -   Bay cedar
               -1 Cakil. Ianc-polota                - - - - - - -         0   0  - - -     A  - - -    0   - - - - - - - -            Sea rocket
               -q Chamaesyce bomb,-nsi s            - - - - - -         F - - - - -        0  -  0   - - - - - - - -           A  -   Spurge
               -1 Dalbergia ecastophi,41lum         - - - - - - - - - - - -               RX  -  R   -Ox   - - - - -       0   -  -   Coin vine
               AHeterothpca subaHillaris            -  A  A  0   - - - - -       A  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                     Telegraph weed
               IIpamoea stolonifFera                -  R  - - - - - - -          R  R  -   0  - - - - - - - - - - - -                 Fiddleleaf morning-glory
               4Salsola kali                        -  0  R  - - - - - - - - -             A  -  R   - - - - - - - - - -              Russian thistle
               4Scaevola sericea CeHotic)           - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                          0  -  0   A  A   EHotic beach berry
               3Chrysobalanus icaco                 -  -  _  -   - LAX  - - - - - - -        Ox  - - - - -       RX  - - - - -        Cocoplum
               3Okenia hypogaea                     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                    0   - - - -      R  -   1-1-   Burrowing four o'clock
               3Serenoa repens                      -  -  R  - - - - - -         0  - - - -     LA   - - - - - - - - - -              Saw palmetto
               2Casuarina equisetifolia (eHotic)    - - - - - - - - - - -             Ax   -  - Ax   - - - - - - - - - -              Australian pine
               2Colubrina asiatica (eHotic)         - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                            LA  LA -   Asian colubrina
               2Ernodea littoralis                  - - - -     LAXRX   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                         Beach creeper
               2Fimbristylis spathacea              -  -  -  R   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                          0   Fi mbry
               2Glandularia maritima                R  - - - -      R   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                         Coastal vervain
               2Hymenocallis latifolia              - - - - - - - - - - - -                R  - - - - - -         R                   Braad-leaved spider lily
               2Randia aculeata                     - - - - -      RX   - - - - -     RX   - - - - - - - - - - - - -                  White indigoberry
               2Sabal palmetto                      - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                  0   R - - - - - - - - -              Cabbage palm
               2Tournefortia gnaphalodes            - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                 RX   - -   R   - - - - - - -          Sea lavender
               1Ambrosia hispida                    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                               R   Coastal ragweed
               1Lantana depressa                    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                               R   Florida lantana
                        Total 4 of Species          5 17 16 10 4 9 8 10 5 10 13 5 11 7 32 12          16   10  9 10 12 10 10 13 18
                --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------














                                                   Coastal Strand     SE Coast, Florida                  A = abundant     R = rare             LA   locally abundant
      F                                                                                                  0 = occasional   F = frequent         X    killed back by   freeze (12/89)
      r
      0
      q                                                                                                  srRNDS
      u             Table 2.                     B                                                                       I         S         h      P           0    D
      e                                          r                                                                       n         t         a      a           r    a
      n                                                                                                                  d         L         r      I           o    d
      c                                                                                                                  i         u         +                  .    e
      y                 SPECIES                  0  0 a a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1                           1 1    0  a 0    a  0 0    0  0   0  0 1 1    0    0
                  (35 total sites)              la lb 2a 2b 2c 3a 3b qa qb 5 6 7 8 9a 9b Oa Ob 1 3 6 8                   3  4 6    1  3 8    2  3   1  5 1 3    5    4
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      33 Serenoa repens                          A  8 A   - R     A A A 0 A A A A           A    R R   0 A A      A 8    A A  R R LH A       A  R   0  R  -   LA A 8  Saw palmetto
      26 Coccoloba uvifera                      ON  -  ON -  ON   - ON LAX -  ON  Am  ON  ON-    -ON -   Rx  ON   R -    -ON  R   LAXAX  AN  0  R  LA  A  A   A A  LR Sea grape
      21 Sabal palmetto                          - - - - -        0   - - -    8   - 0    - 0    0  0  -  0   0   0LR    A  0 0 F     0   0  0  - 0    -  R   R -    0Cabbage palm
      19 Bu.elia tenam                           -  -  A  - -     a A A A      0 -   0    R 8    0 F A A      0   A -    0 0  0 0     - - - - - - - - - -             rough buckthorn
      19 Rapanea punctata                       ON  - - -    ON   - -   ON  ox - - - - - -         ON  ON ON -    0Fx    0ON  8   Rx  -   -  R  0  LA  A  -   0 -    0Myrsine
      10 Schinus terebinthifolius (eHotic)       - - - - - -        Rx  -  Rx  ON  ON  Rx -ON   ON  -  - RX  LAX  0 -    R  - 0    -  A   -ON   -   0  A  -   A 0    -Brazilian pepper
      16 Quercus virginiana                      -  0  -  A   -   R   R -  A   -   R A    R -    0  0  8  R   -   - -    R  0 0    R  - - - - - - - - - -             Live oak
      15 Myrcianthes fragrans                    0  -  0  A   -   0   - 0  0   - - - - - -          0  A  0   0 LA LA    0  0 8    - - - - - - - - - - -              Nakedwood
      15 Persea borbonia                         - - -    A   - - -     0  8   -   - R    - A    -  0  A  A   0   A -    0  - 0    A  - - - - - - - - - -             Redbay
      13 hyrica cerifera                         -  -  A  0   0   -   A 0  0   - - - -      0    -  -  R  8   -   0 0    -  0 0    - - - - - - - - - - -              WaH myrtle
      12 Forestiera segregata                    0  - - - -       R   - - - - - -         0 0    -  F  R  R   -   0 -    R  - -    -  0   -  -  0   -  A  -   - -    -Florida privet
      11 Zanthomylum clava-herculis              - - -    0   -   -   R R  - - -     R    - - - - -       0   R   -LA    - - -     R  0   - - - -      0  - - -      0Hercules' club
      8 Opuntia stricta                          - - - - - - -          R  -   0   R - - - - - - - -              R  - - - - -        0   0  - - - -      0   - 0    -Prickly pear cactus
      8 Randia aculeata                          - - - - - - - - - - - - -                 RX    - - - - -        R  - - -    R    R  -   R  -  -   0  0  0   - -    -White indigoberry
      7 Casuarina equisetifolia (emotic)         - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                   0  R   R  -  -   0  -  R   0 R    -Australian pine
      7 Chiococca alba                           - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                      Rx  -   - RX   -   R  - - - - - - -           A  0  -   0      RSno.berry
      7 Erythrina herbacea                       - - - - - - - - - - - - -                  0    -        R   -   -  0   R  - - - - -        R  R   -  0  -   -      -Coral bean
      7 Smila@ auriculata                        -  -  A  - - - - - -          0   - 0    - - - - - - - - - - -               0    A  - - - -       8  LR -   - A    -Catbriar
      7 Sophora tomentosa                        - - - - - - - - - - - - -                  A    - R   - - - -       R   - - - - - - -          R   R  R  - - -      RNecklace pod
      5 Chrysobalanus icaco                      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                     RX  - - - - - -        LAX - - - - -        Rx   - - - -     A    0Cocoplum
      ,I Ardisia escallomioides                  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                      R  - - - - - - - - - - -                 R  -   -  0  -   A -    -Marlberry
      4 Baccharis halimifolia                    - - -    0   0   -   0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                              R  - - - - - - -         Saltbush
      I Bursera simarouba                        - - - - - - - - - - - - -                 RX    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                      R  -  -   0 R    -Gumbo limbo
      @; Lantana invoiucrata                     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                        P.  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                     R  L" Purple lanta@a
      ,I Pithecellobium keyensis                 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                           LA   A A    ABlackbead
      11 Vitis munsoniana                        - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                            0  - - - -       A  - - - -       0  R -    - -    -Muscadine grape
      q Yucca aloifolia                          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                      0  -  -   0  - 0    - -    0Spanish bayonet
      3 Caesalpinia bonduc                       - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                           LA   - 0    0Nickerbean
      3 Cassytha filiformis                      - - - - - - - - - - - - -                 AN    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                      8  - -           0Woevine
      3 Croton punctatus                         - - - - - - - - -             0   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                      0   - - - - - - -         R    -Beach tea
      3 Dalbergia ecastophyllum                  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                            0   - 0    0Coin vime
      3 Dodonea viscosa                          - - - - - -        LA  R  - - - - - - - - -              R   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                       Varnish leaf
      3 Ernodea littoralis                       - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                R    - - - - - - - - -            LR   RBeach creeper
      3 hetopium tOHiferum                       - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                         ON  AN -   - 0    -Poisonwood
      3 Parthenocissus quinquefolia              - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                          A  - - -    0  LA Virginia creeper
      3 Scaevola plumieri                        - LAX - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                        R   - - - - - - - -          ON   - - - - - - -         Beach berry
      2 Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia          - Rx  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                   LA   - - - - - - -         Woody spurge
      2 Eugenia foetida                          - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                          LR   - - - - - - - - -              A  -  -   - -    -Spanish stopper
      2 Glandularia maritima                     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                        R   - - - - - - - - -              R  - - - - - - -         Coastal vervain
      2 Mentzelia floridana                      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                     LR   - - - - - -          APoor man's patches
        Total Number of Species                  5  5  6 7 5 6 10 B a a 4 a 4 1-4 5 14 9 16                   9 15   9 11 9 13 12 9 7 14        9 21   15  10 17 17 22
      -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




















                                                      Maritime Hammock       SE coast, Florida                  H   abundant        R  rare            LA  locally b,,dant
                                                                                                                0   occasional F       frequent        X   killed back by freeze (12/89)
             F
             r               Table 3.                                                                                                                                SUNDS
             e
             q                                        11                                                                                               S                                              m                                   P                  8
                                                      r                                                                                                t
             e                                                                                                      d                                  L                                                                                                                     d
             n                                                                                                                                                                                        t                                   n                                  e
             c               SPTE@3                   0   . . 0 . . I . . . . . .                        1  1   1   0   0 0 a 0 0 0            0 a     0   0 0 a       0 0    0   a   0 0         0 a a   0 0 0       a   0   0 0     a   0  0    1  1   1   0   0 0     0   0   a 0
             y               119 total stand.)        1   2 1; 5 Ib 9        l 2a 2b 3 14 5 6 .1. 71, . 2.            2b 3. 3b 1 5 7 8. Sb             1-2 3. --9b 11 5       6 a.  ab 8@ ad 9       2. 2b 5,a 5b     6   7   8 13.   9b 6.  fb   1  2   6   1   3 5     7   3   4 5
             -------------------- --------------------------------------------- -- ---------------------------------------                                 ------------------------------------ -------------------- -- ------------------------ ------- -----------------------
        '4
        1    18              Per .. b.,b.'a           A   R H A      0   A   -   A   A   0 F     0   0   0  -   A   R   8   8   A S A - A          H R     R   0   A   0      0R  A               R0  0   -   A       0   R   0           0                                                             R.db"4
        r    35              Qecs - r.p- a,,.         A   0 A     0  R   0   F1  A   A F1 A      0   -   R  0   fl  0   il  H   A A    H 0 A       R   0       H   R   0      -   A               aa  A   A   0                                                                                         Virqinia li- ak
        t    2                                        -   -   Ox Ox      0   H   0       Ox  FA  0   0   0  -   0   0   F1  P.  F   R  0 0 0                   L              :a                  011               RX            0          0 - - - - - - -
             '               Rap... I x                                                                                                A   X   X   -   0       fI
        h    2               My- art es               0   A   0   0      0       0       A   0   F   0   0  A   0   0   0   A   R   LA 8   0   A   A   LR      -   R   - - - -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Naked .. d
             144             C@111ic.%P'a --c-        0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Ib rr,
             I                                            :   -   0      :       0       -   R   0                  0   9   0   -   R                  R       0   0                              R                                                                                                     8
        r    3               B.nelia t@...            R       0                                                                                                                                                           - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -                                               B-ktth.7
                                                                  :          -   1)      Fl      R          0           0   A   R   0  0       0       0       H   :   :      ::  -                                                                                                                     -
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-1

             Canaveral National Seashore, Brevard County.

             Topographic map: Wilson, Pardon Island

             Survey date: 14 February 1990 (F90JOH03)

             Approximate acreage: 900

             Physical setting: narrow barrier island less than 1000 ft wide in most places with most of the
                    width contributed by marshes and mangrove swamps on the lagoon side. Historically
                    the shoreline shows little net change since 1874 (Demirpolat et al., 1988). Upland
                    communities consist of two parallel strips of dune and strand vegetation with
                    occasional islands of maritime forest on the edges of the broader marshes and swamps.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock.
                    beach dune: (B) erosion has eliminated most beach dune area; where present dominated
                           by sea oats (Uniola paniculata) and beach elder (Iva imbricata).
                    coastal strand: (A+) low hedge-like stand dominated by saw palmetto near the- coast
                           with a diversity of tropical and temperate shrubs farther inland. Of the tropical
                           shrubs myrsine (Rapanea punctata) and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) were killed
                           back by the f reeze of December 1989, whereas nakedwood (Myrcianthes fra -rails)
                           and Florida privet (Forestiera segregata) were unaffected. The temperate live
                           oak (Quercus virginiana), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), and buckthorn (Bumelia
                           tenax) were unaffected by the freeze and were putting out new leaves at the
                           time of the visit.
                    maritime hammock: (A) temperate canopy dominated by live oak near coast (Quercus
                           virginiana) and redbay (Persea borbonia) and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto)
                           nearer the lagoon. Understory a mixture of temperate and tropical shrubs
                           principally saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), hercules' club (Zanthoxylun? clava-
                           herculis), marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), and nakedwood (Myrcianthes
                           fragrans).

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima); broad-leaved spiderlily (Hymenocallis
                    latifolia); sea lavender (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - collected by Shuey in 1973 (UCF
                    herbarium); southeastern beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris; Humphrey
                    et al., 1987); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 44 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                    1984; pers. comm, John Stiner, park biologist, 1990).

             Disturbance: all salt marsh and mangrove borders were ditched and diked for mosquito
                    control in the 1960's. This disturbance allowed the invasion of the exotic shrub,
                    Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius). The black mangroves (Avicennia nitida) were
                    killed back by the freeze of December 1989, as was the Brazilian pepper.

             Surrounding land use: Kennedy Space Center (NASA launch pads) and Mcrritt Island National
                    Wildlife Refuge to south.

             Ownership: public: federal (National Park Service).













       3186
                                                                                                                                                          U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                          Pardon Island, 1970


                                                                                                                                                          BREV-1
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                                                                                                                                                          Seashore p.1



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                                           Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            BREV-2

            False Cape, Canaveral Air Force Station, Brevard County.

            Approximate acreage: 3800

            Topographic maps: False Cape

            Fl DOT aerial photo: PD3813-13-51 (1/6/89) - complete coverage unavailable

            Survey date: 13 February 1990 (F90JOH01)

            Physical setting: prograding coast with broad grassy foredune zone; subdued ridge and swale
                   topography roughly parallel to the shoreline. Historically the coast has been prograding
                   since 1874, except for some recession between 1961 and 1977 (Demirpolat et al., 1988).
                   Net increase since 1847 has been slightly over 0.1 mile. Sand shelly with pinkish tinge.

            Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock, xeric hammock, scrub
                   beach dune: (A) low (2-ft) foredune with flat grassy plain behind it; dead mounded
                          shrubs of sea grape (killed by December 1989 freeze) scattered among the
                          grasses, beach cordgrass (Spartina patens), bitter panicum (Panicum amarum var.
                          amaridum), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). Beach star (Remirea maritima)
                          abundant in this zone.
                   coastal strand: (A) dominated by saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) nearest the coast;
                          mixture of temperate and tropical shrubs farther inland, including live oak
                          (Quercus virginiana), buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), Hercules' club (Zanthoxylunl
                          clava-herculis), and wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera). Most abundant tropical species
                          were unaffected by the December 1989 freeze - nakedwood (Myrcianthes
                          fragrans) and Florida privet (Forestiera segregata). Those that were affected,
                          myrsine (Rapanea punctata) and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), were less common.
                          Disturbed portions were colonized by camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris),
                          gopher apple (Licania michauxii), catbriar (Smilax auriculata), and buckthorn
                          (Bunielia tenax) between the clumps of shrubs left from the original vegetation.
                          All species re-sprouted following fire.
                   maritime hammock: (A) composed of temperate canopy trees, redbay (Persea borbonia),
                          live oak, with saw palmetto and wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa) in understory.
                   xeric hammock: (B) low (15 to 20-ft) forest with canopy of live oak and a temperate
                          understory of myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), wax myrtle (Alyrica cerifera), and
                          staggerbush (Lyonia fruticosa). Covers the bulk of the broader portion of the
                          cape - stand broken up into patches by missle launch sites.

            Rare species: beach star (Remirea maritima) - common on prograding beach; loggerhead turtle
                   (Caretta caretta) - 130 nests/kin (Mercadante, pers. comm., 1990); least tern (Sterna
                   antillarum) - nesting colony (O'Meara, T. E., 1988); plus the following species reported
                   by Mercadanantc (pers. comm., 1990): gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), scrub jay
                   (Apheloc6ma coerulescens coeridescens),and southeastern beach mouse (Peronlyscus
                   polionotus nivieventris).

            Disturbance: seven launch complexes interrupt the native vegetation -- most have burned
                   strips from missile launchings associated with them. Large portions of the strand zone
                   cast of Coast Road have been burned and are recovering.

            Comments: Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana), which dominates the Cape, forms many
                   small root sprouts after fire, unlike sand live oak (Quercus geminata) which dominates









                                           Coastal Uplands Site Summary


                   Merritt Island, and forms only a few tall sprouts near the base of parent shoot after
                   fire. Live oak sprouts were only 6-8 inches tall one year after fire, whereas one could
                   expect sand live oak sprouts to be 2-3 feet tall by then. This may indicate that live oak
                   is not as well adapted to a frequent fire regime as sand live oak.

            Ownership: public: federal (U.S. Air Force - Canaveral Air Station).






                 T21 S                                                                                          U.S.G.S. QUAD:
  30             T    2S                                                                                        False Cape, 1976
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                                                           66










                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-3

             Cape Canaveral, Canaveral Air Force Station, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 9480

             Topographic map: Cape Canaveral

             FL DOT aerial photo: not available for this area

             Survey date: 13 February 1990 (F90JOH02)

             Physical setting: broad, low cape composed of dune ridges and swales running at an angle
                    to the coast. Shore is eroding (scarp cut into dune line) at the north and south ends and
                    prograding at the tip. Evidence of rapid progradation is provided by several lines of
                    sea oats dunes and the shallow sand bars about 200 yards off shore at the tip, and by
                    historical shoreline mapping (Demirpolat et al, 1988). Quartz sand with almost 50%
                    mixture of shell and many fragments of coquina rock on the beach.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal grassland, coastal strand, xeric hammock.
                    beach dune: (A+) broad (ca 1000 f t) pioneering zone of low dune ridges covered by sea
                            oats (Uniola paniculata) with widely scattered clumps of saw palmetto (Serelloa
                            repens). Runners of the beach star (Remirea maritinia) cover the area between
                            the ridges. Beach elder (Iva imbricata) and salt grass (Distichlis spicata) are
                            abundant on the outer beach.
                    coastal grassland: (A) on prograding portion south of tip; dominated by bluestem
                            (Andropogon sp), muhly grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris), telegraph weed
                            (Heteotheca subaxillaris) and scattered shrubs which coalesce farther inland to
                            form coastal strand community.
                    coastal strand: (A) shrub stand with equal parts saw palmetto (Serenoa repens),
                            buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), and sea grape
                            (Coccoloba uvifera). Shrubby form of live oak (Quercus virginiana) rare south of
                            tip, but common to north.
                    xeric hammock: (B) low canopy of sand live oak (Quercus geminata) with temperate
                            understory of saw palmetto, wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), and lyonia (Lyonia
                            fritticosa).

             Rare species: beach star (Remirea maritima) - covers acres at the tip; loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                    caretta) - 45 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984) ; least terns (Sterna antillarlim) -
                     nesting colony (O'Meara, 1988).

             Disturbance: buildings, and missile and rocket launch pads connected with Air Force
                    operations, f ires produced by missile launches.

             Surrounding land use: Kennedy Space Center to north and west.

             ONYnership: public: federal (U.S. Air Force - Canaveral Air Station).

             Comments: Kurz (1942) visited the area south of the tip before it was disrupted by launch
                    sites and noted that the composition of the shrubby vegetation changed about 1.5 miles
                    inland from stands dominated by live oak (Quercus virginiana) nearer the coast to stands
                    dominated by sand live oak (Quercus g-enfinata) farther inland. This change was
                    correlated with a decrease in the amount of shell in the soil and a corresponding
                    decrease in pH.














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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            BREV-4

            Jetty Park South, Brevard County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 140

            Topographic map: Cape Canaveral

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-13-40 (1/5/89)

            Survey date: 15 February 1990 (F90JOH04)

            Physical setting: continuation of the low ridge/swale system parallel to the shoreline seen to
                    north on Cape Canaveral and interrupted by the artif ical inlet (Canaveral Barge Canal).
                    Coast is offset about 1000 feet westward from the line of coast to the north of the inlet
                    jetty on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, erosion caused by jetty trapping sand being
                    moved southward by longshore drift. The beach itself had been renourished in 1985
                    (beach profile, Division of Beaches and Shores, Florida Department of Natural
                    Resources) and does not show a scarp from recent wave action. Australian pine
                    (Casuarina equisetifolia) stumps in the surf, however, attest to recent severe erosion.

            Plant   communities:    beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock, xeric hammock.
                    Communities show a continuous gradation for a mile inland from the beach from low
                    saw palmetto strand behind the foredune, to 10 to 15-foot-tall dense shrub strand, to
                    hammock with the same species composition as the strand but differentiated
                    canopy/unders  *tory structure (25 - 35 ft tall), to xeric hammock near Atlantic Avenue
                    with the same c@nopy trees as the hammock but myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia) and saw
                    palmetto replacing the tropical species, i.e. myrsine (Rapanea punctata) and nakedwood
                    (Myrcianthes fragrans), in the understory. Xeric hammock may be a stage in the
                    development to scrub as leaching of calcium carbonate continues over time.
                    beach dune: (B) Scattered pioneer beach species. Trampling from heavy visitor use of
                           park to north and compaction from cars driving parallel to the coast between
                           the strand and beach prevent the formation of a continuous sea oats ridge.
                    coastal strand: (A+) well-developed stand of saw palmetto grading to dense shrubs and
                           dwarfed trees of the maritime hammock behind it. Openings provided by paths
                           add to the plant species diversity and are colonized by gopher tortoises.
                    maritime hammock: (A) Overstory of temperate trees, primarily Virginia live oak
                           (Quercus virginiana) and redbay (Persea borbonia) with an understory of
                           temperate and tropical species such as saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), myrsine
                           (Rapanea punctata), and nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans).
                    xeric hammock: (A) East and west of Atlantic Avenue the hammock has the same
                           canopy trees as the maritime hammock, but most of the tropical shrubs
                           characteristic of the maritime hammock understory drop out and are replaced
                           by temperate myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia) and saw palmetto. It would be
                           interesting to take some soil samples to see if the change in species composition
                           were correlated with increasing acidity, as has been found on Cape Canaveral
                           to the north (Kurz, 1942).

            Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - several plants along path through north
                    side of area; gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) - numerous burrows seen along paths
                    through the strand and hammock areas; Florida scrub jay (Aphelocorna coerulescens
                    coerulescens; Cox, 198 1).

            Disturbance: cars driven on the upper beach have compacted the shelly sand and prevented
                    a continuous sea oats ridge from developing. A series of survey lines have been cut










                                           Coastal Uplands Site Summary


                   through the north side of the strand and maritime hammock parallel to the coast.
                   Several paths lead from the beach into the strand, but these do not seriously disrupt the
                   community.

            Surrounding land use: county park (camping) to north; houses to south; storage tanks to west;
                   Atlantic ocean to east.

            Ownership: public: county (Brevard County owns a nine acre L-shaped parcel immediately
                   south of the park with 300 f t of ocean frontage; Snodgrass, pers. comm., 1990). private:
                   remaining acreage.

















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                                                                                                                                                Cape Canveral, 1976
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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-5

             Lori Wilson Park, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 9

             Topographic map: Cocoa Beach, Florida

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: not obtained

             Survey date: 15 February 1990 (F90JOH05).

             Physical setting: narrow barrier island less than 0.5 mi wide. Park has a narrow (300'wide)
                     strip of intact tropical hammock running at right angles to the coast. Hammock is
                     traversed by a boardwalk and interpretive signs. Bulk of the park is taken up by
                     parking lots and picnic area.

             Plant communities: coastal strand, maritime hammock.
                     coastal strand: (B) The coastal strand is a narrow zone composed primarily of saw
                             palmetto (Serenoa repens), sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), and low cabbage palms
                             (Sabal palmetto).    Some shrubs of the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                             terebinthifolius) are present. The sea grape and pepper were killed back by the
                             freeze of December 1989 and are resprouting.
                     maritime hammock: (A+) Hammock is composed of temperate species nearest the coast -
                             live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto, and tropical
                             species towards AIA - strangler fig (Ficus aurea), pigeon plum (Coccoloba
                             diversifoliay, white' stopper (Eugenia axillaris). Hammock contains a high
                             diversity of tropical species (Plant list of Lori Wilson Park, 1982), all of which
                             were killed back by the freeze of December 1989. Since tropical species are
                             usually associated with calcareous substrates,perhaps there is a shell berm under
                             the sand formed when the area was situated on the mangrove fringe along the
                             Banana River, bcf ore the building of A I A and the finger canals to the west of
                             it.

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 17
                     nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance:     moderate invasion of natural communities by Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                     terebinthifolius).

             Surrounding land use: heavily urbanized area (Cocoa Beach); mangroves along Banana River
                     replaced by finger canals.

             Ownership: public: county







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                                                                                  I
                                                                                                         U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                         Cocoa Beach, 1976
                                                               34        '3     :j
                                                                                                         BREV-5
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-6

             Spessard Holland Park, Brevard County, Floeida.

             Approximate acreage: 10

             Topographic map: Melbourne East, Florida

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-14-13 (1/5/89)

             Survey date: 15 February 1990 (F90JOH06).

             Physical setting: moderately broad barrier island with some ridge/swale topography. No sea
                    oats dune on beach; 15-foot scarp eroded into saw palmettos. This area of Brevard
                    County suf f ered heavy erosion (up to 20' horizonatal setback of dune line) in the 1984
                    Thanksgiving Day Storm (Balsillie, 1985), the effects of which are still apparent in
                    1990. Several of the park walkovers to the beach had to be closed because of
                    undermining by wave erosion.

             Plant communities: coastal strand, scrub.
                    coastal strand: (B) narrow strip of strand north of beach parking lot and east of AIA.
                            Dominant species was saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), with lesser admixture of
                            sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and Virgiriia live oak (Quercus virginiana).
                            Moderate invasion by the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius). Both
                            sea grape and pepper were killed back by the freeze of December 1989. Sandy
                            substrate is mixed with shell.
                    scrub:  (A) low dense shrub stand west of AIA dominated by sand live oak (Quercus
                            geminata), myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), and saw palmetto. Less common was
                            the small-leaved form of buckthorn, lumped with the larger-leaved form
                            (Bumelia tenax) by Clark (1942), but described as a separate species (Bumelia
                            -lacuum; Small, 1933). Yellow sand substrate with no shell admixed.

             Rare species: scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens) - I pair seen on 2/15/90;
                    loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 17 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: construction of golf course to south of present patch of scrub probably wiped
                    out an area of scrub large enough to have supported a pair of scrub jays.

             Surrounding land use: golf course to south (no natural roughs) and beach parking east of A I A;
                    houses and playground to north and west.

             Ownership:     public: county










                                                                                                                                                             U.S.G.S. QUAD:
         Fislirman         (C                                                                                       1\                                       Melbourne East, 1980

                                                                                                                                      \1                     BREV-6
                                                                                                                                                             Spessard-Holland
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                                               Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-7

             Coconut Point North, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 65

             Topographic map: Melbourne East, Florida

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-14-13

             Survey date: 15 February 1990 and 18 February 1990 (F90JOH07).

             Physical setting: narrow portion of barrier island (less than 1/4 mile wide) north of slight
                     broadening at Coconut Point. One-foot scarp cut into base of narrow sea oats dune
                     fronting saw palmetto strand. Series of successively higher ridges extending inland
                     f rom current f oredune ridge. Ridges cast of and immediately west of A I A bear strand
                     vegetation characterized by Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana), whereas those higher
                     and further inland bear scrub characterized by sand live oak (Quercus geminata).

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, scrub, shell mound.
                     beach dune: (A) Low sea oats (Uniola paniculata) dune with scattered shrubs of sea
                              grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and dunelets of beach elder (Iva imbricata) and bitter
                              panicum (Panicum amarulum) colonizing the upper beach.
                     coastal strand: (A) Grades f rom nearly pure stand of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) east
                              of AIA to a mixture of low shrubs, primarily Virginia live oak (Quercus
                              virginiana), redbay (Persea borbonia), and buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), west of
                              AIA.
                     scrub:   (A+) Occupies next higher ridge west of AIA with a low, dense stand of spray-
                              shorn shrubby oaks,i.e. sand live oak (Quercus geminata) and myrtle oak (Quercus
                              myrtifolia).  Heavy infestation of the native parasitic woevine (Cassytha
                              filiformis) forming a mat over the shrubs was killed back by the freeze of
                              December 1989. Substrate is yellow sand with some silt and fine shell fragments
                              admixed.
                     shell mound: diverse tropical hammock on shell mound near the shore of Indian River
                              lagoon with a canopy dominated by lar     ge tropical tree species including gumbo
                              limbo (Bursera simarouba), mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), and strangler
                              fig (Ficus aurea). Some understory species show little damage from the freeze
                              of December 1989, i.e. white indigoberry (Randia aculeata), marlberry (Ardisia
                              escallonioides), and black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum). Large shells visible
                              in places.

             Rare species: scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens) - I tame pair seen 2/18/90;
                     loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 143 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                     1984).

             Disturbance- slight invasion by exotic Brazilian pepper (Shinus terebinthifolius) in lower areas
                     and along the shore of Indian River.

             Surrounding land use: residential housing north and south and in center of southwestern
                     portion.

             Ownership: public: Northern 75% owned by Brevard County - Coconut Point Park and Sea
             Oats park -      undeveloped (Snodgrass, 1990). Southern portion privately owned. [Entire parcel
                              included in project boundaries of proposed Archie Carr National Wildlife
                              Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990).]







                                                                                                                                                        U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                        Melbourne East, 1980


                                                                                                                                                        BREV-7
                                                                                                                                                        Coconut Point North



                                                                                                                                                                county/state - owned

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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary



             BREV-8

             Coconut Point, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 143

             Topographic map: Melbourne East, Florida.

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: 3813-14-13 & 15-10 (1//5/89)

             Survey date: 16 February 1990 (F90JOH08).

             Physical setting: Slightly broadened portion of barrier island composed of ridges parallel to
                    the coastline. Beach shows no sea oats dune and a 5-foot scarp cut into saw palmetto
                    strand. Erosion probably a result of the 1984 Thanksgiving Day storm (Balsillie, 1985).

             Plant communities: coastal strand, scrub. Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) strand on both sides
                    of AIA grades into low scrub which extends almost to the lagoon. A few groves of
                    cabbage palms and live oaks occur along the lagoon shore.
                    coastal strand: (B) dominated by saw palmetto with scattered shrubs of sea grape
                           (Coccoloba uvifera) and Florida privet (Forestiera segregata).
                    scrub: (A) low spray-pruned scrub dominated by sand live oak (Quercus geminata) and
                           myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia). Scraped areas have scattered oaks and openings
                           with broomsedge (Andropogon sp), camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris) and
                           gopher apple (Licania michauxii). Heavy growth of the parasitic woevine
                           (Cassytha filiformis) over the shrubs killed back by freeze of December 1989."

             Rare species: scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens) - 4 birds seen in territorial
                    display; gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) - active burrows seen along path 2/16/90;
                    loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 129 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: two portions of scrub area in process of recovering after having been scraped.

             Surrounding land use: residential

             Ownership: public: southern 2/3 of the portion east of AIA owned jointly by the state of
                    Florida and Brevard County - South Beach Regional Park - undeveloped (Snodgrass,
                    1990). Remaining portion east of AIA included in project boundaries of proposed
                    Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990).





                                                                                                                                                                           MU.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                               elbourne East, 1980


                                                                                                                                                                           BREV-8
                                                                                                                                                                           Coconut Point
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                                                                                                                                                                                     county/state - owned
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-9
             Sea Grape Manor North, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 83

             Topographic map: Melbourne East, Grant

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-15-10 (1/5/89)

             Survey date: 18 and 21 February 1990 (F90JOH09)

             Physical setting: narrow portion of barrier island composed of a series       low ridges parallel
                    to the coastline. Beach has no sea oats dune. A 12-foot scar        ut into saw palmetto
                    zone has scattered beach elder (Iva imbricata) at base an       e Lch cordgrass (Spartina
                    patens) at crest. Area was heavily eroded (20-30' horizontal loss) in 1984 Thanksgiving
                    Day Storm (Balsillie, 1985).

             Plant communities: coastal strand, scrub, maritime hammock
                    coastal strand: (B) composed primarily of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) and buckthorn
                            (Bumelia tenax) with scattered low cabbage palms. Northern third recently
                            burned. Moderate invasion of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius).
                    scrub: (B) open stand of sand live oak (Quercus geminata) somewhat disturbed by paths.
                            Heavy infestation of native parasitic wocvinc (Cassytha filiformis) killed back
                            by freeze of December 1989. Rare prickly apple (Cereus gracilis) found in
                            disturbed portions of this community near AIA -often in areas transitional to
                            strand and thus containing more tropical species, i.e. white -indigob-erry (Randia
                            aculeata), myrsinc (Rapanea punctata).
                    maritme hammock: (A) small stand in northwest corner of property is dominated by
                            temperate trees in the canopy - redbay (Persea borbonia), cabbage palm (Sabal
                            palmetto), live oak (Quercus virginiana) and tropical shrubs in understory
                            marlbcrry (Ardisia escallonioides), wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa), whisk fern
                            (Psilotum nudum). Hammock is surrounded by a dense stand of Brazilian pepper.
             Rare species: prickly-apple (Cereus gracilis) - ca 40 plants were noted by Wickham (1988) at
                    the southern boundary of the area (privately owned portion), close to A I A on both sides
                    of the road. These plants were also noted in this survey (F90JOH09). One plant was
                    seen near the north property boundary (publicly owned area) in this survey (F90JOH09)
                    and 4 plants in this vicinity were noted by Wickham (1988); necklace pod (Sophora
                    tomentosa) - I plant seen cast of AIA along path through strand; scrub jay (Aphelocoma
                    coerulescens coerulescens) -4 birds were seen on telephone line at southeast border of
                    tract and 2 birds were seen at north border of property west of AIA; gopher tortoise
                    (Gopherus polyphemus) - reported by Harden and Harden, 1986 (middle tract);
                    loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - average of 488 nests/km of beach in the 21 km
                    stretch f rom Melbourne Beach to Sebastian Inlet (Ehrhart and Witherington, 1986 -
                    appendix to Harden and Harden, 1986); green turtle (Chelonia mydas) - average of 13
                    nests/km of beach in 21 km stretch of beach from Melbourne Beach to Sebastian Inlet
                    in 1985 (Ehrhart and Witherington, 1986 -appendix to Harden and Harden, 1986).
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             Disturbance: dumping along sand roads; heavy invasion of exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                    terebinthifolius) along mangrove border

             Surrounding land use: residcntial/motel

             Ownership: public: county/state: Northern 2/3 owned by state and managed by Brevard
                    County - Twin Shores Park - undeveloped (Snodgrass, 1990). Formerly Walt Disney










                                         Coastal Uplands Site Summary


                  World Middle tract (B) tract; private: Southern portion. Entire portion east of AIA
                  (but not west of AIA) included in project boundaries of proposed Archie Carr NWR
                  (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990).








                                                                          U.S.G@S. QUAD-
                                                                          Melbourne East, 1980
                                                                          Grant, 1970


                                                                          BREV-9
                                                                          Sea Grape Manor North



                                                                          FA county/state - owned







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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary



            BREV-10

            Hog Point Cove. Brevard County, Florida

            Approximate acreage: 66

            Topographic map: Grant

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-15-10 (1/5/89)

            Survey date: 21 February 1990 (F90JOH17)

            Physical setting: narrow portion of barrier consisting of a low (15-ft) ridge parallel to
                    coastline. Area is broken up by houses into 4 segments west of A I A and 2 segments east
                    of the road.


            Plant communities: coastal strand
                    coastal strand: (A) East of A I A this community is dominated by saw palmetto (Serenoa
                    repens) with low cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) protruding; west of AIA a diversity
                    of shrubs compose a dense, spray-pruned "hedge" reaching to the lagoon shore.
                    Prominent in this community are nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), buckthorn (Bumelia
                    tenax), and Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana).

            Rare species: necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - occasional on edges of strand; scrub jay
                    (Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens) - 3 birds seen 2/21/90; loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                    caretta) - 449 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984, Ehrhart and Witherington,
                    1986); gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphem us) - University of Michigan specimen (no
                    date).

            Disturbance: the southern segment west of AIA has been disturbed and is invaded by the
                    exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius).

            Surrounding land use: residential

            Ownership: Private: northern 2/3 owned by Walt Disney World Company (Melbourne Beach
                    property, south tract - Harden and Harden, 1986). Entire portion east of A I A (but none
                    west of AIA) included in project boundaries of proposed Archie Carr NWR (U.S. Fish
                    and Wildlife Service, 1990). Southern boundary of the tract is the southern boundary
                    of segment one of the proposed refuge.







                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Grant,1970

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          T      28         S

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                29         5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    BREV-10
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hog Point Cove



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                                                  Coastal Uplands Site Summary


              BREV-11

              Hog Point, Brevard County. Florida

              Approximate acreage: 33

              Topographic map: Grant

              Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-15-10 (1/5/89)

              Survey date: 21 February 1990 (F90JOH18)

              Physical setting: one-half-mile wide portion of barrier island of gently undulating ridges
                      parallel to the coastline. Shrubby strand grades into maritime hammock.

              Plant communities: coastal strand, maritime hammock.
                      coastal strand: (A) diverse stand of dense shrubs whose canopy grades upward from
                               5 ft near AIA to 15 ft inland where the overstory/understory structure of
                               maritime hammock appears. Major species are redbay (Persea borbonia),
                               buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), and saw palmetto
                               (Serenoa repens).
                      maritime hammock: (A) canopy of low, spreading Virginia live oaks (Quercus
                      virgifliana)      with epiphytes such as butterfly orchid (Encyclia tampensis) and
                                        resurrection fern (Polypodium polypodioides) along their branches.
                                        Understoryof tropical shrubs, primarily marlberry (Ardisiaescallonioides)
                                        and myrsine (Rapanea punctata) with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
                                        common on margin of the stand.

              Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima)- seen along nort         hern edge of cleared strip;
                      gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) - 2 active burrows in cleared strip; loggerhead
                      turtle (Caretta caretta) - 449 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984; Ehrhart and
                      Witherington, 1986.

              Disturbance: A strip through the property about 200 ft wide at right angles to the shoreline
                      both east and west of AIA has been scraped of woody vegetation and, near the coast
                      is recovering in beach cordgrass (Spartina patens). Other weeds and shrubs colonizing
                      f arther inland.

              Surrounding land use: residential

              Ownership: Private: (Although area is within the area of highest nesting densities of
                      loggerhead turtles, it is not included in the project boundaries (i.e. between segments
                      I and 2) of the proposed Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife
                      Service, 1990).)







                                                  T 285                                                       U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                   29 5                                                       Grant,1970


                                                                                                              BREV-11
                                                                                                              Hog Point

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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-12

             Washburn Cove, Brevard County, Florida

             Approximate acreage: 35

             Topographic map: Grant

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-15-08 (1/5/89)

             Survey date: 21 February 1990 (F90JOH19)

             Physical setting: one-half -mile wide barrier composed of gently undulating ridges parallel to
                    the coastline.

             Plant communities: maritime hammock
                    maritime hammock: (A) Accessible via survey lines cut through it. Canopy grades
                           upward toward the west from a height of 15 ft nearer the coast to 30 ft inland.
                           Dominated by temperate trees, principally Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana)
                           and redbay (Persea borbonia) with scattered tropical trees in the canopy i.e.,
                           gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba) and inkwood (Exothea paniculata); understory
                           of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), and myrsine
                           (Rapanea punctala). Epiphytes are common on limbs of oaks including butterfly
                           orchid (Encyclia lampensis) and resurrection f ern (Polypodium polypodioides).
                           On southwest corner of area is a small shell mound with live oak and cabbage
                           palm and also with several tropical species not seen in the rest of the area, i.e.
                           lancewood (Nectandra coriacea) and white stopper (Eugenia axillaris), This
                           mound had been partially excavated but no record exists with state Division of
                           Historical Resources (Department of State; Taylor, pers. comm., 1990).

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima)- several plants along path into north end
                    of area; loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 449 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                    1984; Ehrhart and Witherington, 1986).

             Disturbance: strand zone east and west of AIA disturbed by clearing and house building
                    resulting in invasion by the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius).

             Surrounding land use: residential

             Ownership: Private.







                                                          T 28 S                                                      U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                           29 S                                                       Grant,1970

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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-13

             North Floridana Beach, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 231

             Topographic map: Grant

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-15-08

             Survey date: 22 February 1990 (F90JOH20)

             Physical setting: 3/4 mile-wide portion of barrier island with gently undulating ridges parallel
                    to the coastline. On its seaward side saw palmetto borders a sloping cliff to beach
                    covered by sea oats. Lack of vegetation on upper beach indicates recent wave activity
                    to base of clif f.

             Plant communities: coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    coastal strand: (A) shrub canopy grades upward inland reaching 6-7 ft in height near
                            AIA. Major species is saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) with low cabbage palms
                            (Sabal palmetto) protruding above the canopy. Farther inland more shrub species
                            are present, principally nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), buckthorn (Bumelia
                            tenax), and redbay (Persea borbonia).
                    maritime hammock: (A+) mature canopy of temperate trees including redbay (Persea
                            borbonia), Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana), cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto).
                            Many epiphytes on the trees, including butterfly orchid (Encyclia tampensis),
                            wild -pines (Tillandsia spp), and resurrection fern (Polyp@odium polypodioides).
                            Understory of tropical and temperate shrubs, principally wild cof f ee (Psychotria
                            nervosa), nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), and saw
                            palmetto. Dominance of cabbage palms increases toward the lagoon. Two
                            archaeological sites are mapped near the lagoon shorc (Taylor, pers. comm.,
                            1990).

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - occasional in clearings in strand and
                    hammock); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 449 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                    1984); two archaeological sites are mapped on the area on the bayshore (Taylor, 1990).

             Disturbance: central strip cleared for development (bankrupt).

             Surrounding land use: residential to north; citrus grove to south.

             Ownership: public: about 2/3 of the strand area east of AIA and a slender strip of hammock
                    west of AIA is owned by the state of Florida and managed by Brevard County (Apollo
                    Eleven Park and Judith Resnick Memorial Park - undeveloped; Snodgrass, 1990).
                    private: remainder (90 per cent of acreage).







                                                                                                                 U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                 Grant,1970


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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-14

             Honest John's Fish Camp, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 39

             Topographic map: Grant

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3815-15-08, 16-06 (1/5/89)

             Survey date: 18 February 1990 (F90JOH10)

             Physical setting: higher land above mangrove border in wider (I mile wide) portion of barrier
                   island.

             Plant communities: maritime hammock
                   maritime hammock: (B) tall canopy of temperate species, primarily cabbage palm
                           (Sabal palmetto), Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana), and redbay (Persea
                           borbonia) with numerous wild pine species (Tillandsia spp) on their branches.
                           Sparse understory of temperate saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), bracken fern
                           (Pteridium aquilinum), and tropical shrubs and herbs including myrsine (Rapanea
                           punctata) and nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans).

             Rare species:

             Disturbance: ditching and diking for mosquito control (Brevard County). Moderate exotic
                   invasion by Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) in hammock understory.

             Surrounding land use: water or mangroves to north, west, and south, citrus groves to east.

             Ownership: private: Roger and Barbara Arthur, 750 Mullet Creek Road, Melbourne Beach,
                   FL 32951. (407) 727-2923.






                                                                                                                                              U.S.G.S. QU
                                                                                                                                              Grant,1970


                                                                                                                                              BREV-14
                                                                                                                                              Honest John's
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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BREV-15

             Aquarina, Brevard County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 132

             Topographic map: Scbsastian NW

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-16-06 (1/5/89)

             Survey date: 18 February 1990 (F90JOH 11)

             Physical setting: (southern portion of area outlined not seen) Low, broad portion of the
                    barrier island ca 0.75 miles wide. Undulating topography not evident.

             Plant communities: maritime hammock
                    maritime hammock: (A+) diverse hammock with well-developed understory layer.
                            Oak/palm canopy has occasional trees of the tropical inkwood (Exothea
                            (paniculata) scattered through it; there has been little to no exotic invasion
                            except on disturbed margin of the mangrove fringe where Australian pine
                            (Casuarina equisetifolia) and Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) f orm pure
                            stands in some areas. Epiphytic Wild pines (Tillandsia spp.), butterfly orchid
                            (Encyclia tampensis), and resurrection fern (Polypodium polypodioides) coat the
                            limbs of the oaks.

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima). - several plants in flower in disturbed
                    grassy area -on northeast portion of development; gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)
                    - about 25 active burrows (ca 1 150 yds) and I tortoise seen along berm on northeast
                    edge of property; loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 449 nests/km (Hopkins and
                    Richardson, 1984; Ehrhart and Witherington, 1986).

             Disturbance: development has begun with the building of houses, swimming pool, tennis
                    courts, and boardwalk along Indian River in central portion of the tract, plus sewage
                    treatment tanks on south border of the property.

             Surrounding land use: residential

             Ownership: private: Aquarina, Philip Schick, sales manager, 388 Aquarina Blvd., Melbourne
                    Beach, Florida 32951. (407) 729-0677.






                                  Nk                                                                                                                                               U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                                   Sebastian NW, 1970


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                                          Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            BREV-16

            Pepper Cove, Brevard County, Florida

            Approximate acreage: 33

            Topographic map: Sebastian NW

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-17-04

            Survey date: 22 February 1990 (F90JOH21)

            Physical setting: upland portion of barrier very narrow (ca 800 ft wide) in this area.
                   Strips of natural vegetation alternate with strips of windbreaks of Australian pine
                   (Casuarina equisetifolia), marinas, houses, a restaurant, and a recently scraped area
                   east of AIA which is heavily invaded by the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                   terebinthifolius).

            Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                   beach dune: (B) narrow sea oats ledge cut by recent high tides (12/6/90). Beach
                          backed by abrupt slope of sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) with saw palmetto
                          (Serenoa repens) on crest.
                   coastal strand: (A) diverse "hedge" of temperate shrubs including redbay (Persea
                          borbonia), buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) and
                          tropical shrubs - with a greater incidence of tropical shrubs undamaged by
                          the. freeze of December 1989 than is found to the north, i.e. white
                          indigoberry (Randia aculeata) and myrsine (Rapanea punctata).
                   maritime hammock: (B) canopy dominated by cabbage palm with scattered tropical
                          trees such as inkwood (Exothea paniculata), gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba)
                          and blolly (Guapira discolor).

            Rare species: prickly apple (Cereus gracilis) - 8 plants reported just north of the area
                   outlined on west side of AIA (Wickham, 1988; NEED TO REVISIT to determine
                   whether this is the area cleared in 1989 photo (3813-16-06); loggerhead turtle
                   (Caretta caretta) - 449 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984; Ehrhart and
                   Witherington, 1986).

            Disturbance: moderate to heavy exotic invasion by Australian pine and Brazilian pepper in
                   disturbed portions of mangrove, hammock, and strand vegetation. Portion of strand
                   cleared and now reprouting.

            Surrounding land use: residential, marina, restaurant.

            Ownership: public: a 2.2 acre rectangle E of AIA is owned by state and managed by
                   Brevard County (Louis Bonsteel III Memorial Park; Snodgrass, 1990); private:
                   remaining acreage. (Area east of AIA is included in project boundaries of proposed
                   Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990).







                                                                                                            U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                            Sebastian NW, 1970

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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            BREV-17

            North Sebastian Inlet, Brevard County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 332

            Topographic map: Sebastian NW, Sebastian

            Florida D.O.T. aerial: PD3813-17-04 (1/5/89)

            Survey date: 22 February and 4 December 1990 (F90JOH22 & 86)

            Physical setting: broad low area of barrier island only slightly elevated above level of
                   mangrove fringe.

            Plant communities: beach dune, strand, maritime hammock
                   beach dune: (A) continuous with and similar to BREV-18
                   strand: (A) dominated by buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), live oak (Quercus virginiana), and
                           redbay (Persea borbonia) with scattered tropical species.
                   maritime hammock: (A+) tall (60 f t) palm/oak hammock grading to pure palm near the
                           border with mangroves; well developed understory of small tropical trees and
                           shrubs, including marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), myrsine (Rapanea punctata),
                           nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), pidgeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia), and
                           wild cof fee (Psychotria nervosa). Tropical hammock in the center dominated by
                           gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara), and
                           torchwood (Amyris elemifera) has been knocked back by freeze of December
                           1989 and is re-sprouting.

            Rare species: Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var floridana) - one pure and sveraI hybrid
                   plants seen along west side AIA; prickly apple (Cereus gracilis) - 36 plants found to
                   north of area (Wickham, 1998); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 449 nests/km
                   (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984; Ehrhart and Witherington, 1986).

            Disturbance: some exotic invasion of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) around edges
                   of mangroves, and in portions of strand that have been chopped in northern section.
                   Papaya (Carica papaya) has heavily invaded the southern portion of the tropical
                   hammock in the center of the site.

            Surrounding land use: fish camp, supplies store.

            Ownership: private. area east of AIA is within the project boundaries of the proposed Arcie
                   Carr National Wildlife Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990).







                                                                                  U.S.G.S. QUAD:
               Pt
         Pepper V           %                                                     Sebastian NW, 1970
              (E) 91
                                                                                  Sebastian, 1970
              PePper ove    17
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                                               Coastal Uplands Site Summary


              BREV-18

              Sebastian Inlet State Recreation Area, Brevard County. Florida.

              Approximate acreage: 99

              Topographic map: Sebastian

              Florida D.O.T. aerial photo: PD3813-17-04 (1/5/89)

              Survey date: 17 February 1990 (F90JOH12)

              Physical setting: broader portion of the barrier island with substantial area of hammock and
                     a broad, prograding beach dune area on updrift side of Sebastian Inlet jetty.

              Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (A+) - broad beach with two rows of sea oats dunes.
                             Scattered clumps of tropical species in sea oats zone killed back by freeze of
                             December 1989, including necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa), beach creeper
                             (Ernodea littoralis), white indigoberry (Randia aculeata), seagrape (Coccoloba
                             uvifera), and cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco).
                     coastal strand: (A+) diverse mixture of shrubs with canopy reaching 15 ft near A I A
                             grading to almost pure saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) near the upper beach.
                             Prominant near AIA is hercules' club (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis) and
                             nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans).
                     maritime hammock: (A+) oak/palm hammock with canopy rising f rom 15 f t near A I A
                             to 60 ft near lagoon border. Tropical species are found in both canopy and
                             understory and their presence increases closer to the lagoon. Freeze of December
                             1989 killed back many tropical trees including inkwood (Exothea paniculata),
                             strangler fig (Ficus aurea), and mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum).

              Rare species:  prickly apple (Cereus gracilis) - found in dune scrub and palm areas in 1971;
                     Roberts, pers. comm., 1971); coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - opening in strand
                     community; Florida lantana (Lantana depressa) - collected by Johnson in 1985 in coastal
                     strand and identified by David Hall, University of Florida); necklace pod (Sophora
                     tomentosa) - edges of strand; loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - ca 125 nests/km
                     (Nfillcr, pers. comm., 1990).

              Disturbance: ditching and diking around mangrove border for mosquito control permitted
                     invasion by exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius); Australian pine invasion
                     in disturbed areas where spoil dumped near jetty and where beach parking lot,
                     bathhouses, and store were built.

              Surrounding land use: residential and "short-stop" store.

              Ownership: public: state (southern 3/4 of area is part of Sebastian Inlet State Recreation
                     Area); private: northern 1/4 is private and was proposed for acquisition by the now
                     defunct Save Our Coast program.





                                                                                                                                           U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                           Sebastian, 1970


                                                                                                                                           BREV-18
                                                                                                                                           Sebastian Inlet
                                                                                                                                           State Recreation
                                                                                                                                           Area



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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             INDI-1

             Sebastian Inlet South, Indian River County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 102

             Topographic map: Sebastian

             Survey date: 9 August 1983 (F83BUR01 - Burch & Posin, 1983)

             Physical setting: narrow barrier island ca 600 ft wide in this stretch.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock - east of AIA between 1.35
                    and 1.44 miles south of bridge over Sebastian Inlet.
                    beach dune: (B) 8-ft scarp in north end dropping off to low dune to south dominated
                           by beach cordgrass (Spartina patens) and beach elder (Iva imbricata). Other
                           common species are sea puslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) and railroad vine
                           (Ipomoea pes-caprae). The beachberry (Scaevola plumieri) is frequent.
                    coastal strand: (A/B) mixture of equal parts of sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and saw
                           palmetto (Serenoa repens) with spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida) becoming more
                           common towards AIA.
                    maritime hammock: (B) major canopy species are sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), gumbo
                           limbo (Bursera simarouba), and pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia). Undcrstory
                           composed primarily of the tropical shrubs, spanish stopper and marlberry
                           (Ardisia escallonioides).

             Rare species-. necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - north end behind f oredune; sand-dune spurge
                    (Chamaesyce cumulicola) - scattered along crest of dune.

             Disturbance: Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) has invaded along A I A; remains of old
                    AIA present parallel to the coast behind the foredune.

             Surrounding land use: State. park to north; residential to south.

             Ownership: public: state (Sebastian Inlet State Recreation Area); private: southern 115 of
                    area.






                                                                                                                                                                                                                              U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sebastian, 1970


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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             INDI-2

             North end of Jungle trail, Indian River County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 280

             Topographic map: Sebastian

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3621-15-19

             Survey date: 22 February 1990 (F90JOH23)

             Physical setting: tropical hammock on shell mound bordering mangrove swamp on west side
                    of AIA; beach dune, maritime hammock, and coastal strand cast of AIA (F83BUR02 -
                    Burch and Posin, 1983).

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock, shell mound
                    beach dune: (B) narrow upper beach zone fronting a scarp cut into saw palmetto zone.
                            Major species are beach cordgrass (Spartina patens), shore paspalum (Paspalum
                            distichum), and bitter panicum (Panicum amarum var amarulum).
                    coastal strand: (A+) dominated by saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) with scattered sea
                            grape (Coccoloba uvifera) nearest the shore; nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans)
                            and other shrubs becoming prominant farther inland from the coast grading to
                            maritime hammock.
                    maritime hammock: (A) canopy dominated by temperate Virginia live oak (Quercus
                            virginiana) and redbay (Persea borbonia), some over 2' in diameter. Tropical trees
                            scattered throughout the canopy i.e., gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), mastic
                            (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), graytwig (Schoepfia chrysophylloides) and
                            strangler fig (Ficus aurea). Understory of maribcrry (Ardisia escallonioides) and
                            nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans).
                    shell mound: (A) cabbage palms predominate with remaining canopy trees evenly
                            distributed between tropical and temperate species - live oak (Quercus virginiana),
                            red mulberry (Morus rubra), strangler fig (Ficus aurea), mastic (Mastichodendron
                            foetidissimum) and inkberry (Exothea paniculata). Understory dominated by
                            laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana) and marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides).

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - edges and openings in hammock; devil's
                    shoestring (Tephrosia angustissima) - in scrub (Swain, 1990); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                    caretta) - 150 nests/km in 1989 (Vaughan, 1989).

             Disturbance: moderate invasion of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) around mangrove
                    f ringe. Clearing near dirt road heading east of f A I A.

             Surrounding land use: citrus grove to west and south; strand to east of AIA; and mangroves
                    to north.

             Ownership:     public: county/state own about 30% of the area (Treasure Shores Park -
                    undeveloped). private: remaining 70% of area. Entire area is within the project
                    boundaries of proposed Wabasso Beach C.A.R.L. project. Area cast of AIA also
                    included in project boundaries of proposed Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge
                    (USFWS, 1990).







                                                                                                                 U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                 Sebastian, 1970


                                                                                                                 INDI-2
                                                                                                                 North end of
                                                                                                                 Jungle Trail

                                 New# Cut
                                                                                                                U
                                                                                                                        county/state - owned


                                                       r






             Black Point
                                                   Nora RoIA
                                          1194


                                                       South
             Mqjbm Island
                                                         Hols

                                       A"'Ii (C 11.11i


                         W    "@4-7'



                                                       7

                                     CO




                                                          X4                   F11FAMP

                                                       9

                   SP It Point
                                                                                        HO
                                                          vj-                      10
          A


                                                  Egr*t Islands
                              pliflican Island
                               Bird SanctuarY
                                                   Rolse'velt
                                                                 *i
                                                       Island




                                                                                                                  k".
          e Light




                                                    r
                           ftu's Island





                                                                                3                  1115
                                                                                                                  T1
                           "Ida" ImIi@









                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             INDI-3

             Golden Sands County Park, Indian River County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 176

             Topographic map: Sebastian

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3621-15-17 (2/25/88)

             Survey date: 22 February 1990 (F90JOH24)

             Physical setting: barrier island about 3/4 mi wide sloping gradually toward the lagoon from
                    a high elevation of 20 ft near the ocean. Ten-foot scarp above beach cut into saw
                    palmetto (Serenoa repens) strand indicates recent erosion. Beach profiles taken in this
                    area show a 15 to 20' recession of the dune line between 1972 and 1986 (Division of
                    Beaches and Shores, Florida Department of Natural Resources).

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritme hammock (this survey and Johnson,
                    1987).
             beach  dune: (C) scattered plants on upper beach at base of scarp include beach cordgrass
                    (Spartina patens), railroad vine (Ipomoea pes-caprae), beach sunflower (Helianthus
                    debilis) and saltgrass (Distichlis spicata). Beach was also noted as eroded in 1983 (Burch
                    and Posin, 1983, F83BUR03).
                    coastal strand: (A) saw palmetto near coast with canopy grading upward. Composed
                           farther inland of a diversity of dwarfed trees and shrubs, primarily redbay
                           Persea borbonia), nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), - cabbage palm (Sabal
                           palmetto), and buckthorn (Bumelia tenax).
                    maritime hammock: (A) low canopy (25') of temperate trees, primarily. Virgina live oak
                           (Quercus virginiana), cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), and redbay (Persea borbonia)
                           with understory of nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans), myrsine (Rapanea
                           punctata), and buckthorn (Bumelia tenax).

             Rare species: loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 150 nests/km (Vaughan, 1989); devil's
                    shoestring (Tephrosia angustissima) - 10 plants seen along path through strand
                    community (Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BUR03)

             Disturbance: invasion of exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) along the insland
                    mangrove fringe and along AIA. Parking lot in Golden Sands Park exposed hammock
                    canopy to salt burn from spray carried off the ocean.

             Surrounding land use: polo club, residences, and citrus groves to west; clearing to north and
                    residential homes to south (Wabasso Beach). Beach club (Orchid Island) interrupts
                    natural area east of AIA at south end of property.

             Ownership: public: county - (Golden Sands Park); private: remainder.









                                 0.
                                                                                                                  U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                South                                                                                             Sebastian, 1970


                                                                                                                  INDI-3
                                  Al
                                    A                                                                             Golden Sands
                                                                                                                  County Park



                                                                                                                         county-owned













                    Islands *4
              Vat
                                3
                                                                                TI


                                                                             AW
              100svielt
                 Island
















                                          3                   15






                                             4





                                   plug Island

                  2


                                  p"achm
                                     Hogs


                                                                                             23                         6
              2
                                                   04
                  USK


                                                                                                                    Beach
                                                                                                               A
                                    sodth.Poin    (E)
                               2
                                                                                                                          ab4sso
                                                     Usm

                                                          *pill
                                                                                                                                          J
                                                  Ib










                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            INDI-4

            South of Wabasso Beach Park, Indian River County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 77

            Topographic map: Sebastian

            Florida D.O.T. aerial: PD3621-16-14 (2/25/88)

            Survey date: 19 February 1990 (F90JOH13)

            Physical setting: width of upland portion of the barrier island is ca 3/4 mi wide and consists
                   of a series of gently undulating ridges parallel to the coastline. Lack of plant
                   colonization at base of a 5-ft scarp in saw palmetto zone above beach is evidence of
                   recent wave erosion. Severe erosion also noted in 1983 (Burch & Posin, 1983,
                   F83BUR04). Three north/south survey lines provide access to the hammock west of
                   AIA and south of SR.510.

            Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                   beach dune: (C) severe erosion into saw palmetto zone.
                   coastal strand: (A) occurs east of AIA and near the beach is dominated by saw
                           palmetto (Serenoa repens) with clumps of low cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto)and
                           occasional patches of seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) and cocoplum (Chrysobalanus
                           icaco). Farther inland the saw palmetto gives way to buckthorn (Bumelia tenax),
                           live oak (Quercus virginiana) and nakedwood (Myrcianthes fragrans).
                   ma  -ritime hammock: (A) f ire scars (prior to 1983 -Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BUR04)
                           on cabbage palms indicate a young hammock with a 30-40 ft, open canopy
                           dominated by cabbage palm, live oak, and redbay (Persea borbonia) and
                           understory of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), myrsine (Rapanea punctata),
                           wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa), and saw palmetto. Epiphytes not common,
                           consisting primarily of serpent fern (Phlebodium aureum) and shoestring fern
                           (Vittaria lineata).

            Rare species: loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - no data but probable since nesting density
                   is 150/km to north of here (Vaughn, 1989).

            Disturbance: moderate invasion by exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) in strand
                   and hammock understory.

            Surrounding land use: citrus grove to west; SR510 and county park (Wabasso Beach) to north;
                   cleared land for development to south on west side of A I A and developed on east side.

            Ownership: private: Mr.Gordon Nutt








                                                                                                              U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                              Sebastian, 1970

                                               1w                                                                     -4
                                                                                                              INDI
                                                                                                              South of Wabasso
                                                                                                              Beach Park




           C)





                               15



                                               31









         Island






                               .4


                                       2
          d                                                 23


                                                                               K Webasso
                                                                                  Beach
           p                                                         JLjmd 2
                                                                     =Ud 2
           on    (E)


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                                                                                      Wahasso
                        Opliln                           t                             Beach
                   t'A
                                            .Irtic=
                                        (E                     ------


                 E)


                                                                         26
                                                                 E)



                                Pins Island










                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             INDI-5

             North of Baytree Development, Indian River County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 120

             Topographic map: Sebastian, Vero Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photography: PD3621-16-14 (2/25/88)

             Survey date: 19 February 1990 (F90JOH14)

             Physical setting: barrier island ca 1/2 mi wide sloping from highest elevation (20') near ocean
                    gradually downward to the shore of the lagoon.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (C) eroded to base of saw palmettos
                    coastal strand: (A) grades to hammock west of A IA. Saw palmetto dominates from the
                            foredune to ca 100 yds inland where it is gradually replaced by a diverse
                            mixture of shrubs and small trees, including nakedwood (Myrcianthes fraegrans),
                            myrsine (Rapanea punctata), redbay (Persea borbonia), and buckthorn (Bumelia
                            tenax).
                    maritime hammock: (A) low-canopied (25-30 f t) hammock with temperate overstory of
                            live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) and
                            tropical understory of myrsine, nakedwood, marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides),
                            and a plentiful growth of epiphytes on the branches of the oaks, including
                            shoestring fern (Vittafia lineata), butterfly orchid (Encyclia tampensis), and wild
                            pine (Tillandsia utricularia).

             Rare species:  loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - no data but probably high density (Hopkins
                    and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: moderate invasion of strand and hammock by exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                    terebinthifolius). Fifteen parallel east-west survey lines cut through hammock. Strand
                    area cut by several trails.

             Surrounding land use: residential development to north and south (Baytree); citrus groves to
                    south; mangroves to west.

             Ownership: private: Robert A. Cairns, 407/649-8745; public: county (Seagrape trrail beach
                    access - 1/2 mile south of property) - no native vegetation.








                                                                                                                                         u.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                         Sebastian, 1970
                                 2                         23                                                                            Vero Beach, 1970
                                                                                                                                         INCII-5
                                                                                       i3each                                            North of Baytree
                                                                             2                                                           Development


                                                                                           Wabas--
                                                                                             Beach
            uOt






                                                                  ------ -------------

                                                                      A


                                                                               26



                                         2
                              pins hbrod Bay


                                                                                                               2

            CIIE)



                                  Sand Pt
                                        gh



                           CGIE)                                                                                    -36




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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             INDI-6

             South End of Jungle Trail, Indian River County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 176

             Topographic map: Vero Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3621-16-12 (2/25/88)

             Survey date: 19 February 1990 (F90JOH14)

             Physical setting: ca I-mile-wide barrier island with highest elevation (20 ft) nearest the
                     Atlantic, sloping gradually to sea level at the lagoon. Many large mangrove islands
                     offshore in the lagoon.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock.
                     beach dune: (A+) low dunes formed by clumps of sea oats (Uniola paniculata) and beach
                            elder (Iva imbricata) in front of a scarp cut into saw palmetto zone. In places
                            a dune covered by sea oats has obscured the scarp.
                     coastal strand: (A+) 50-yard-wide saw palmetto zone grades upward to cabbage palms
                            and finally to a dense hedge of shrubs including nakedwood (Myrcianthes
                            fragrans), redbay (Persea borbonia), buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), and wax myrtle
                            (Myrica cerifera). Little sign of pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) invasion.
                     maritime hammock: (A) similar to INDI-5

             Rare species: loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - no nesting data but presumed high nest
                     density (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984); southeaster        n beach mouse (Peromyscus
                     polionotus nivieventris)- 3 trapped near Turtle Trail beach access (Humphrey et al., 1987).

             Disturbance: moderate invasion of exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) along A IA.

             Surrounding land use: former citrus groves to west; residential development to north and
                     southeast; golf course to southwest.

             Ownership: public: county (Turtle Trail beach access) - no native vegetation. private: Mr.
                     Robert A. Cairns, 92.6 acres, 1360 ft riverfront, 407/649-8745.

             Ref erences:






                                                                                                                                                U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                Vcro Beach, 1970


                                                                                                                                                INDI-6
                                                                                                                                                South End of
                                                                                                                                                Jungle Trail



                                                                                                                                                       county-owned


    C IE)_                                                            0
                                                                                     -.26                  2


                  74      Sand Pt


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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             INDI-7

             Prang Island, Indian River, County, FLorida.

             Approximate acreage: 23

             Topographic map: Indrio

             Survey date: 20 February 1990 (F90JOH15)

             Physical setting: low island surrounded by mangroves in Indian River lagoon

             Plant communities: maritime hammock (this survey and Bowman, 1989)
                    maritime hammock: (A) hammock with both temperate and tropical trees in the
                           overstory covers a long, narrow ridge on the east side of the island. Canopy
                           trees include Virginia live oak (Quercus virginiana), cabbage palm (Sabal
                           palmetto), mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), strangler fig (Ficus aurea),
                           inkwood (Exothea paniculata), blolly (Guapira discolor), and gumbo limbo (Bursera
                           simarouba). Understory dominated by three species of stoppers (Eugenia foelida,
                           Eugenia axillaris, Myrcianthes fragrans).

             Rare species:

             Disturbance: Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) has invaded the spoil placed on the
                    north end of the island and Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) has invaded the
                    upper mangrove fringe. These species were killed back by the freeze of December 1989,
                    but the pepper was germinating abundantly at the time of the survey. In one portion
                    of the hammock the ground was blanketed by the night-blooming cereus (Hylocereus
                    indatus), indicating perhaps the location of a house.

             Surrounding land use: Indian River Aquatic Preserve - seagrass beds found off north end of
                    Island (Gurr, et al., 1990).

             Ownership: private: Idlewyld Corporation, 1201 Poitras Drive, Vero Beach, FL 32963. (There
                    is a legal question as to whether this island should have been removed from the Indian
                    River Aquatic Preserve.)









                                                                                                                                                                                                                            U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Indrio, 1983


                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INDI-7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Prang Island


                                            o L1
                                                                                                                            er ea


                                                                                             @ran                                            in.
                                                                                                 ja
                                                                                                     nd
                                                                                                                                  8
                                                                                                                                                           F4o

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                                            0 Lt                                                                       Hille
                                                                                                                      P#




                                                                      0 Lt







                                                                                                                                                                      v IL
                                                                                                                                      Barim Ditch
                                                                                                                                                      Cove

                                         'All



                                                                                                                                                                                                        I ..........







                                                                                                                                                                    Little Starmtion
                                                                                                                                                                               cove
                                                                                                                  IL



                                                                    Crawford 2                                                           Porpoise Pt                                porvoise Bay
                                                                                                             Shell I

                                                                   rawford Pt

                                                                                                                        Lt


                                        X









                                           Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            INDI-8

            South of Round Island County Park, Indian River County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 105

            Topographic map: Indrio

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph : PD3621-18-02 (2/25/88)

            Survey date: 20 February 1990 (F90JOH49)

            Physical setting: low (15-ft) barrier adjacent to broader mangrove stands. Southern portion
                   adjoins northern portion of STLU-1 (Avalon) across county line.

            Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                   beach dune: (A) low sea oats (Uniola paniculata) dune fronting saw palmetto (Serenoa
                          repens) strand. Associated species include railroad vine (1pomoea pes-caprae),
                          sea rocket (Cakile lanceolata), and beach sunflower (Helianthus debilis).
                   coastal strand: (B) substantial invasion by Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
                          into mixed shrub stand with live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay (Persea
                          borbonia), hercules' club (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis), and cabbage palm (Sabal
                          palmetto), grading to saw palmetto and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) on seaward
                          side.
                   maritime hammock: (A) dense, short-canopied (20') f orest with overstory of temperate
                          live oak, hercules'club, and redbay and a smattering of tropical trees in canopy
                          inlcuding gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba) and strangler fig (Ficus aurea).
                          Understory of marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), myrsine (Rapanea punctata),
                          buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), and Florida privet (Forestiera segregata).

            Rare species: manatee (Trichechus manatus) - observed in boat launch area on lagoon side of
                   park, known to congregate in this area (Cairns, 1990, pcrs. comm.)

            Disturbance: strand and undertory of hammock cleared in county park; mangroves killed in
                   some  areas by ditching and diking for mosquitoes; Australian pine (Casuarina
                   equisetifolia) planted as windbreaks along roads; Brazilian pepper has invaded strand
                   and hammock from disturbed roadside along AIA.

            Surrounding land use: county park (boat launch) and residential.

            Ownership: public: county (Round Island Park); private: remainder.







                                                                                                             U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                             Indrio, 1983


                                                                                                             INDI-8
                                                                                                             South of Round
                                                                                                             Island County Park
                                                  CA
                                    Starvation                                                                      county-owned


                                                                               27

                                                        C,
                                1z


                                                                                    13








                 0 Lt




                                                                321
                        0Lt



                                                                                                3ower
                                                        Round Island          t
                                                            P"@
                                                                         t


                                                         R06nd
                                                         ,ySlqnd
                                                                                   33 S,
                             INDIAN RIVER CO
                                ST LUCIE CO                                       T @\4T



         Little Parke
             Cove              00                                     Big Staimation
                                                                           Cove


                                                                                           3
            '4-




                                                               4
                                            ?Iue Hole
                                                 Point
                                                                   7




                 Parke
                  Cove










                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             STLU-1

             Avalon, St. Lucie County. Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 407

             Topographic map: Indrio

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-11-23 (4/11/86)

             Survey date: 19 April and 6 December 1990 (F90JOH54)
             Physical setting: broader (I mile wide) portion of barrier island, composed of a series of
                    alternating ridges and swales similar to areas on the north side of present-day inlets.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach   dune: (A) (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR05 and this survey) - low dune
                            dominated by beach cordgrass (Spartina patens) and sea oats (Uniola paniculata).
                            Other common species are railroad vine (Ipomoea pes-caprae), beach elder (Iva
                            imbricata), alternanthera (Alternanthera maritima), and coastal vervain
                            (Glandularia maritima). Presently the north end is eroded with Australian pines
                            (Casuarina equisetifolia) toppled into the surf.
                    coastal strand: (B) (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR05 and this survey) - heavily invaded
                            by the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Australian pine in
                            several places. Native dominants are saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) and sea
                            grape (Coccoloba uvifera). Shrub stand is patchy, alternating with grassy areas
                            dominated by beach cordgrass. Hercules' club (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis),
                            myrsine (Rapanea punctala) and buckthorn (Bumelia tenax), both regular and
                            "lacuum" type, increase towards AIA in northern, non-public portion.
                    maritime hammock: (A) (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR05 and this survey) - occupies
                            a series of NE-SW running ridges alternating with lower areas of nia!ngrove or
                            cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) forest. Canopy composed of large spreading
                            virginia live oaks (Quercus virginiana) and redbays (Persea borbonia) with a
                            tropical understory of spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida), marlberry (Ardisia
                            escallonioides), myrsine (Rapanea punctata), and nakedwood (Myrcianthes
                            fragrans). This is one of the southernmost locations for nakedwood. Large
                            specimens of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebiinthifolius) are also present in the
                            understory. Epiphytes including butterf ly orchid (Encyclia tampensis), shoestring
                            fern (Vittaria lineata) and wild pines (Tillandsia recurvata, T. usneoides, T.
                            fasciculata) are common on the branches of the oaks.

             Rare species: sand-dune spurge (Chamaesyce cumulicola) - specimen collected by Baetzele
                    (010564) in 1978 and deposited at University of Florida herbarium; coastal vervain
                    (Glandularia maritima) - common in beach dune area (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR05);
                    gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) - 2 burrows seen in strand area (Burch & Posin,
                    1983, F83BUR05).

             Disturbance: portions of strand (east of AIA) heavily invaded by exotic species (including
                    Castor bean); roads and trails through hammock; mangrove fringes ditched and diked
                    for mosquito control.

             Surrounding land use: natural to north (INDI-8); housing to south.

             Ownership: public: state owns southern third of the tract and a narrow strip south of the
                    section line through the center as undeveloped park (Avalon State Recreation Area;







                                                                                                   I     I




                                       Coastal Uplands Site Summary


                 Save-Our-Coast Annual Report, 1990);    private: northern two-thirds in private
                 ownership.







                                                                                                                                    U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                    Indrio, 1983

                                              33                          A
                                                       7
                                                                    -                                                               STLU-1
                                                                    -3-4
                                                                                                                                    Avalon
                                                                                     T
                                                                                      ower

                                    Round Island
                                        Park
                                                                                                                                            state-owned
                                              7@
                                      Roundl
    INDIAN RIVER CO                  I 1519nd
                                                              2@T    33 S
                                                                  71 @4
       ST LIME CO





                          tn                         Big Starvation
                                                          cove
                                                                       14
                                                                              3



                                                                                                  6



                          Blue Hole           J:%.
                         .,,/'Point.









                       0







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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary



             STLU-2

             Fish House Cove, St. Lucie County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: I I

             Topographic map: Indrio

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442 -12-20 (4/11/86)

             Survey date: 19 April 1990 (F90JOH53)

             Physical setting: ca 1/2-mile long, narrow (20 yard-wide), N-S running ridge among a stand
                    of mangroves, accessible from mosquito ditch berm (gated road).

             Plant communities: maritime hammock
                    maritime hammock: (this survey and Brooks, 1983) - (A) short canopy of exclusively
                           tropical species, little damaged by the freeze of December 1989. Principal trees
                           are black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum), inkwood (Exothea paniculata),
                           gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia), blolly
                           (Guapira discolor), Jamaica caper (Capparis cyanophallophora), and Florida privet
                           (Forestiera segregata). There is little distinction in height between canopy and
                           understory trees.

             Rare species: golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum; Brooks, 1983).

             Disturbance: ditching of mangroves ha's permitted invasion of exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                    terebinthifolius) on edges..

             Surrounding land use: development north, east, and south.

             Ownership: private







                                                                                                                                                                           U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                           Indrio, 1983
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                                                                                                                                                                           STLU-2
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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             STLU-3

             Ft. Pierce Inlet State Recreation Area, St. Lucie County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 38

             Topographic map: Ft. Pierce

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-12-18 (F90JOH52)

             Survey date: 19 April 1990

             Physical setting: prograding beach on north (updrift) side of jettied inlet; broad mangrove
                    areas on lagoon side with small upland portions in maritime hammock.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (A) broad prograding beach with seaward vegetation line composed of
                            scattered hillocks of bitter panicum (Panicum amarum var amarulum) fronting
                            a plain of camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), stinging nettle (Cnidoscolus
                            stimulosus), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata).
                    coastal strand: (C) strand at northeast end of beach parking lot disturbed and invaded
                            by the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius). Otherwise consists of
                            scattered patches of sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and cabbage palms (Sabal
                            palmetto) alternating with saw palmetto (Serenoa repens).
                    maritime hammock: (A) hammock is found west of the beach parking area and on Boot
                            Toe point on the lagoon side of the park. At the latter site is a short forest on
                            berm- bordered by mangroves with large diameter trees of live Oak (Quercus
                            virginiana), redbay (Persea borbonia), and pignut hickory (Carya glabra) in the
                            canopy and tropical wild cof f ee (Pyschotria nervosa) and spanish stopper (Eugenia
                            foetida) in the understory. The tropical species were killed back by the freeze
                            of December 1989. The parking lot site (nature trail) also had large diameter
                            oaks and redbay with strangler fig (Ficus aurea) and a temperate understory of
                            saw palmetto, beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) and coralbean (Erythrina
                            herbacea).

             Rare species: following species reported by Brooks (1986): coastal vervain (Glandularia
                    maritima, necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa), broad-leaved spider lily (Hymenocallis
                    latifolia); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - no data but nesting densities over 100/km
                    to north and south of area (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984); gopher tortoise (Gopherus
                    polyphemus) - active burrows in old field west of entrance station (Roberts, R.E., 1983,
                    pcrs. comm.)

             Disturbance: the mangrove fringe has been ditched and diked for mosquito control; building
                    of the parking lot behind the beach displaced the transition zone strand the strand
                    allowing invasion of the exotic Bazilian pepper and exposing trees on the edges of the
                    maritime hammock to salt spray damage.

             Surrounding land use: residential to north; inlet to south.

             Ownership: public: state










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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            STLU-4

            South of Blue Heron Boulevard, St. Lucie County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 17

            Topographic map: Fort Pierce

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-13-10 (4/11/86)

            Survey date: 20 April and 6 December 1990 (F90JOH60)

            Physical setting: area mostly mangroves with a narrow east-west running strip of higher land
                   with hammock running inland from the beach at north end and a beach ridge along
                   coast to south abutting directly on mangroves. Native coastal strand is replaced
                   entirely by Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia).

            Plant communities: beach dune, maritime hammock
                   beach dune: (A) pioneer beach grasses colonizing backdune area where Australian pines
                          have been removed (Brooks and Mook, 1989). Good diversity and vigorous
                          growth.
                   maritime hammock: (B) mixed tempcrate/tropical canopy with large diameter redbay
                          (Persea borbonia), gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), strangler fig (Ficus aurea)
                          and laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia). Marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides) and
                          pidgeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia) predominate in the understory along with
                          large trees of the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius). Heavy
                          growth of grape vines (Vitis munsoniana) on trees along road edge.

            Rare species: beach star (Remirea maritima; Brooks and Mook, 1989); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                   caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

            Disturbance: some invasion of exotic Brazilian pepper along road edge.

            Surrounding land use: mangroves in state park to south; residential development to north.

            Owner ship: public: state - John Brooks State Park (undeveloped; Munshaw, 1990).







                                                                                                                                                      U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                      Fort Pierce, 1983


                                                                                                                                                      STLU-4
                                                                                                                                                      South of
                                                                                                                                                      Blue Heron
                                                                                                                                                      Boulevard

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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             STLU-5

             Blind Creek Beach, St. Lucie County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: I I

             Topographic map: Eden

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-13-10 (4/11/86)

             Survey date: 20 April 1990 (F90JOH59)

             Physical setting: beach is at the head of a tidal creek through the mangroves and hammock
                    borders its northern shore. Surrounding uplands are all in Australian pine (Casuarina
                    equisetifolia). Australian pine stumps in swash zone are evidence of recent severe
                    erosion.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (C) beach vegetation forms a low narrow zone in front of a tall stand of
                            solid Australian pine. It consists of scattered patches of sea grape (Coccoloba
                            uvifera), bay cedar (Suriana maritima), and altcrnanthera (Alternanthera
                            maritima). The sea grape and bay cedar were killed back by the freeze of
                            December 1989. The bay cedar showed no sign of recovery from the freeze kill.
                    coastal strand: (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR07) - (C) stretch extending 4.5 miles north
                            of Big Mud Creek was examined in 1983 and found to be almost exclusively
                            Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) with only 25% cover by native species
                            primarily sea grape, marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), saw palmetto (Serenoa
                            repens), and coralbean (Erythrina herbacea).
                    maritime hammock: (A) Forest on narrow berm north of Blind Creek. Canopy
                            dominated by cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) with mulberry (Morus rubra),
                            hackberry (Cellis laevigata), and large diameter redbay (Persea borbonia) also
                            present.   Understory primarily pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia) and
                            marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides).

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - several flowering plants seen along
                    path to hammock; burrowing four-o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - several plants seen at
                    Nfiddle Cove Beach Access (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR07); beach star (Remirea
                    maritima; Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR07); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 112
                    ncsts/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: Extensive invasion of exotic Australian pine forming pure stands throughout this
                    area would indicate severe disturbance historically, possibly from the building of A IA.,
                    Much of the Australian pine has been killed back by the freeze of December 1989.

             Surrounding land use: Australian pine stands to north and south; mangroves to west.

             Ownership: private: Florida Power and Light property line bisects long axis of Blind Creek
                    (utility provides public beach access and parking). Remainder (hammock area) in other
                    private ownership.








                                                                                                                                                                                      U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                                      Eden,1970


                                                                                                                                                                                      STLU-5
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary



             STLIJ-6

             Florida Power and Light Nuclear Plant, St. Lucie County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: I I

             Topographic map: Eden

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-14-06 (4/11/86)

             Survey date: 20 April 1990 (F90JOH58)

             Physical setting: small NW-SE running strip of upland hammock bordering a tidal creek north
                    of FP&L holding pond east of AIA.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach   dune and coastal strand: (Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BUR07) (C) 4 miles of
                            beach immediatIcy north of this area were surveyed. Erosion had eaten back
                            to the strand zone in which the native vegetation had been almost entirely
                            displaced by a dense stand of Austrlian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia). This beach
                            had an usually high density of bay cedar (Suriana maritima) in 1983, which
                            appeared to have been completely killed by the freeze of December 1989.
                    maritime hammock: (A+) diverse stand composed of predominantly tropical tree species
                            in the canopy, principally mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), strangler f ig
                            (Ficus aurea), and pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversiflia). Some canopy trees such
                            as poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum), paradise tree (Simarouba glauca), and
                            pigeon plum were killed back by the freeze of December 1989, but most tropical
                            understory trees and shrubs such as marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), white
                            indigoberry (Randia aculeata), and wild -lime (Zanthoxylum fagara) were
                            unaf f ected.

             Rare species:  species seen by Burch and Posin (1983, F83BU-R07) to north of area: burrowing
                    f our o'clock (Okenia hypogaea), beach star (Remirea maritima); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                    caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: area behind beach bordered by open stand of exotic Autralian pines (Casuarina
                    equiselifolia), which with Brazilian pepper is also scattered through the hammock. Due
                    to the open understory of the Australian pine stand behind the beach, salt spray can
                    reach hammock edges causing salt burn to foliage of hammock trees on the seaward
                    edge.

             Surrounding land use: nuclear power plant to south and west; mangrove stand to north.

             Ownership: private: Florida Power and Light (beach access closed to public).








                                                                             U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                             Eden,1970


                                                                             STLU-6
                                                                             Florida Power and
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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            STLU-7

            Walton Rocks Beach Access, St. Lucie County. Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 22

            Topographic map: Eden

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-14-06 (4/11/86)

            Survey date: 20 April 1990 (F90JOH57)

            Physical setting: narrow portion of barrier with most of width made up of mangroves with
                    uplands comprising only a 200-ft-wide strip along the Atlantic shore.

            Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                    beach dune: (C) narrow fringe of sea oats (Uniola paniculata) and beach elder (Iva
                           imbricata) with scattered sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and spanish bayonet
                           (Yucca aloifolia) backed by a solid stand of Australian pine (Casuarina
                           equisetifolia). To the south beach sand is spilling directly into the stand of
                           Australian pine.
                    coastal strand: (B) pure stand of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) behind the beach dune
                           where Australian pines are absent. Woodbury's long species list suggests the area
                           had a diverse native flora displaced by the Australian pines.

            Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima; Woodbury, 1986); loggerhead turtle
                    (Caretta caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

            Disturbance: heavy invasion of the exotic Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) indicates
                    past disturbance.

            Surrounding land use: nuclear power plant to north; mangroves to west; housing development
                    to south.

            Ownership: private: Florida Power and Light (public beach access).









                                                                                U,S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                Eden,1970


                                                                                STLU-7
                                                                                Walton Rocks Beach
                                                                                Access





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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             STLU-8
             Herman's Bay Beach Access to Normandy Beach Access, St. Lucie
             County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 143

             Topographic map: Eden

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photographs: PD3442-14-04 and 14-06 (4/11/86)

             Survey date: 20 April 1990 (F90JOH55 & F90JOH56); 6 December 1990

             Physical setting: one of the broader portions of Hutchinson Island in terms of uplands -
                    reaching almost 1000 feet in width and making up most of the barrier island.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BUR08) - (A) low narrow ledge of sea oats
                            (Uniola paniculata) interrupted by stretches of strand vegetation (sea grape or
                            saw palmetto) above beach. Other prominant species include beach sunflower
                            (Helianthus debilis), beach elder (Iva imbricata), and seashore paspalum (Paspalum
                            distichum).
                    coastal strand: (Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BUR08 and this survey) - (A+) sea grape
                            and saw palmetto alternately dominant; spanish bayonet (Yucca aloifolia)
                            common at interface with beach dune. Tropical species at Normandy beach
                            access including spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida); blolly (Guapira discolor),
                            gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), and wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara).
                    maritime hammock: (A) at north end of area, west of AIA, survey lines at regular
                            intervals cut through a dense zone of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
                            along the road, dip into a "trough" with black and red mangroves, and climb a
                            low ridge with maritime hammock dominated by very large trees of Virginia
                            live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay (Persea borbonia), and gumbo limbo (Bursera
                            simarouba). Understory is sparse, consisting of scattered saw palmetto (Serenoa
                            repens), white stopper (Eugenia axillaris), and indigoberry (Randia aculeata). At
                            south end of area, west of AIA, is a small area of hammock dominated by
                            tropical trees little damaged by the freeze of December 1989. Large specimens
                            of gumbo limbo, strangler f ig (Ficus aurea), paradise tree (Simarouba glauca) are
                            prominent with a tropical understory of spanish stopper and pigeon plum
                            (Coccoloba diversifolia). East of AIA, the hammock is shorter and more open
                            with sea grape (Coccoloba uvif era), strangler f ig (Ficus aurea), and cabbage palm
                            (Sabal palmetto) the most common trees. Scattered Australian pines (Casuraina
                            equisetifolia) and Brazilian pepper have invaded in disturbed areas. Understory
                            is composed of marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), spanish stopper, and wild lime.
                            Hercules' club (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis) is prominant at the south end of the
                            area, east of AIA.

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - occasional plants in strand zone (Burch
                    and Posin, 1983, F83BUR08); sea lavender (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - 2 sites at the
                    strand/beach interface, one with one plant and one with ca 20 plants (Burch & Posin,
                    1983, F83BUR08); burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - 6 plants in stretch of
                    beach from 1/2 to I mile south of Herman Bay beach access (Burch & Posin, 1983,
                    F83BUR08); necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) -in saw palmetto zone about 300 yds
                    north and south of Herman Bay beach access (Burch & Posin, 1983, F83BUR08);
                    loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).









                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary



             Disturbance: disturbed borders of AIA with heavy invasion of Australian pine (Casuarina
                    equisetifolia) and Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius).

             Surrounding land use: fire station and residential development to north; residential and golf
                    course to south.

             Ownership: private: Hutchinson Island Association Ltd., 11180 Southwest 107th St. Suite 102,
                    Nfiami (in part); public: county - two beach access sites (Herman's Bay and Normandy)
                    totalling approximately 2 acres.






                                                                           U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                           Eden,1970


                                                                           STLU-8
                                                                           Herman's Bay
                                                                           Beach Access to
                                                                           Normandy Beach Access
                      Bay


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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Survey


             STLU-9

             Dollman tract, St. Lucie County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 88

             Topographic map: Eden

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3442-14-04 (4/11/86)

             Survey date: 18 and 20 April and 5 Dec 1990 (F90JOH51)

             Physical setting: portion of barrier island where coastal upland broadens to about 1000 feet,
                    with NE-SW trending upland ridges in mangrove zone to west.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (B) narrow patchy strip of grasses on low dune above beach, consisting
                            primarily of beach cordgrass (Spartina patens) and sea oats (Uniola paniculata)
                            plus beach elder (Iva imbricata), spanish bayonet (Yucca aloifolia), and shrubby
                            sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera). Stumps of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia)
                            in the swash zone indicate previous erosion.
                    coastal strand: (A+) solid stand of saw palmetto behind foredune grades upward to
                            coastal shrubs inland including myrsine (Rapanea punctata), dwarf ed redbay
                            (Persea borbonia), and live oak (Quercus virginiana).
                    maritime hammock: (A) canopy dominated by live oak, redbay, and clumps of cabbage
                            palms (Sabal palmetto), with hercules'club (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis),
                            beautyberry (Callicarpif americana), and wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) in
                            understory. Tropical portion near bayshore has large gumbo limbos (Bursera
                            simarouba) with poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum) and paradise tree (Simarouba
                            glauca) in the canopy and gulf graytwig frequent (Schoepfia chrysophylloides)
                            in the understory.

             Rare species: Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var floridana) - along roadside; devil's
                    shoestring (Tephrosia angustissima; Brooks, 1989); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) -
                    112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: none observed

             Surrounding land use: golf course and residential to north, residential and mangroves to south.

             Ownership: public: county - undeveloped park.







                                                                                                                 U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                 Eden,1970


                                                                                                                 STLU-9
                                                                                                                 Dollman Tract



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                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-1

             Bob Graham Park, Martin County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 55

             Topographic map: St. Lucie Inlet

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-15-18 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 18 April 1990 (F90JOH50)

             Physical setting: narrow upland portion of barrier island only ca 200 ft wide at this point;
                    in some areas beach sand is spilling into former mangrove -zone and beach dune
                    community re-establishing behind current foredune.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                    beach  dune: (B) no sea oats (Uniola paniculata) seen here but freeze-killed seagrape
                           (Coccoloba uvifera) covers the outer dune and sand is spilling over the dune to
                           low area behind into remnant mangroves. This area is now being colonized by
                           a dense stand of young Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) which appears
                           to be unaffected by the freeze of December 1989. In 1983 Burch and Posin
                           (1983, F83BUR09) noted erosion into a sea oats foredune in this area. This
                           erosion has by 1990 evidently reached the seagrape zone.
                    coastal strand: (C) patchy remnants of this community consisting of spanish bayonet
                           (Yucca aloifolia) and seagrape behind the foredune intermingled with pioneer
                           beach species colonizing bare sand spilling over the dune, including sea puslane
                           (Sesuvium portulacastrum), sea rocket (Cakile lanceolata), beach sunflower
                           (Helianthus debilis), and beach elder (Iva imbricata).
                    Rare species: necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - 2 plants seen in disturbed area
                           between the strand and Australian pine zones at north end of area (Burch and
                           Posin, 1983, F83BUR09); sea lavender (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - several plants
                           south of beach access road (Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BURIO; Wickham, 1988)
                           which appear to have survived the 1989 freeze (Noyes, 1990); loggerhead turtle
                           (Caretta caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: Australian pine invading f ormer mangrove area now being f illed by sand spilling
                    over the f oredune.

             Surrounding land use: Jensen Beach Park (county) to north; Holiday Inn in center; residential
                    to south.

             Ownership: public: county - about 2/3 of area including Bob Graham Park and three parcels
                    to south; private: Venus enterprizes, Pasley, Dubner, Martin County Associates II -
                    totalling ca 5 acres.

             Comments: Jensen Beach Park (county) to north of this parcel is entirely compsoed of
                    Australian pine forest.







                                                                                                                                                                     U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                               IT                                                                                                                    St. Lucie Inlet, 1983

                                                                   13


                                               7.
                                                                                                                                                                     MART-1
                                                                                                                                                                     Bob Graham Park
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                                                                                                           Baker Point                               Negro                T 38 S
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                                             Sewalls
                                                                                                                                                                                     Lookout Tower
                                         -*\\Point                                      OlLight                                                                      Refuge 2 (C
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                                       Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-2

             Stuart Beach Park, Martin County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 60

             Topographic map: St Lucie Inlet

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-16-20 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 18 April 1986 (F90JOH46 and F90JOH48)

             Physical setting: broader portion of Hutchinson Island about 1000 ft of which is upland and
                    another 1000 ft mangrove. Upland ridges bearing hammock vegetation extend N-S in
                    southern portion of mangrove area. Five-f oot cliff eroded into strand zone a result of
                    the 1984 Thanksgiving Day storm, according to a lifeguard.

             Plant communities: coastal strand, maritime hammock, xeric hammock
                    beach dune: (C) no sea oats dune present - 5 f t clif f eroded into strand zone.
                    coastal strand: (B) Strand dominated by saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) with occasional
                           freeze-killed seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) and beach berry (Scaevola plumieri).
                    maritime hammock: (A) west of A I A hammock consists of a short-canopied (20 f t) live
                           oak/ redbay forest with an understory of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), myrsine
                           (Rapanea punctata), and marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides). In places butterfly
                           orchids (Encyclia tampensis) occur on the limbs of the oaks. On the ridges in the
                           mangrove area to the southwest the hammock canopy is taller (40-    '50 f t), redbay
                           less prominent; cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) more so, and spanish stopper
                           (Eugenia foetida) abundant in the understory.
                    xeric hammock: (A) short forest dominated by sand live oak (Quercus geminata) with
                           understory of saw palmetto.

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - paths through strand zone north of park;
                    golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum) - mangrove fringes (Woodbury, 1989);
                    loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: ditching and diking mangrove fringe for mosquito control has allowed invasion
                    of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Australian pine (Casuarina
                    equisetifolia), which is also prominent along verge of A IA. Strand area in park largely
                    cleared for parking lot, snack bar and bath houses. Canopy of northern portion of
                    hammock along AIA partially killed by salt spray due to clearing of strand to east of
                    it across AIA.

             Surrounding land use: golf course and residential to south; mangroves to west; residential and
                    scraped to north.

             Ownership: public: county - Stuart Beach Park; private nonprofit: west of A I A - the Florida
                    Oceanographic Society leases from the county the southern 30 acres for research
                    facilities and nature trail; private: Landmark First National Bank - ca 28 acres; Van
                    Schoonhaven Midgely - ca 2 acres.









                                                                                                                         U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                         St. Lucie Inlet, 1983


                                                                                                                         MART-2
                                                                                                                         Stuart Beach Park


                                                                                                                                 county-owned

                                   ell

                                      4
                                      4
                                            3&





















                                                                           Stuart Ikewo














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                                                                               Cb"      " t
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          Point           A        17t                                                     %



                                                                                         Retugs 2 (C  Lookout To
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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-3

             House of Refuge, Martin County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 53

             Topographic map: St. Lucie Inlet

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-16-18 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 14 April 1990 (F90JOH45)

             Physical setting: narrow (less than 200 ft width) portion of Hutchinson Island with one area
                     of coquina rock outcrop on shore.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                     beach dune: (this survey and Burch and Posin J 983, F83BUR 11) (A) low sea oats dune
                            or sea oats growing on sand covering coquina rock which forms a cliff along
                            part of the shoreline. Freeze-killed white indigoberry (Randia aculeata) and
                            beach berry (Scaevola plumieri) scattered among the sea oats.
                     coastal strand: (this survey and Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BURI 1) (A) saw palmetto
                            (Serenoa repens) and seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) near beach; strangler f ig (Ficus
                            aurea), seagrape and marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides) farther back. Sea grape
                            largely uninjured by f reeze of December 1989. Strand south of House of Ref uge
                            is dominated by Florida privet (Forestiera segregata).

             Rare species: necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - one plant seen in strand zone; loggerhead
                     turtle (Caretta caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: some Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) along AIA.

             Surrounding land use: residential to north and south

             Ownership: public: county ( including House of Refuge, Bathtub Beach, and beach access
                     areas); private: several owners; northern portion owned by Santa Lucea Land
                     Development (Noyes, 1990).








                                                                                                                              U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                              St. Lucie Inlet, 1983


                                                                                                                              MART-3
                                                                                                                              House of Refuge


                                                                                                                                      county-owncd


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                                              Coatal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-4

             Sailfish Point, Martin County, Florida

             Approximate acreage: 44

             Topographic map: St. Lucie Inlet

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-16-18 (4/17/86Y

             Survey date: 18 April 1990 (F90JOH47)
             Physical setting: prograding beach north of jetty at St. Lucie Inlet; c6mparison of 1943 and
                     1983 U.S.G.S. 7.5 minute quadrangles (St. Lucie Inlet) shows that 2/3 of total acreage
                     has been added to beach since 1943, due to trapping of sand north of jetty.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                     beach dune: (A+) newly-deposited sand near jetty colonized by a diversity of pioneer
                            species including beach star (Remirea maritima), beach orach (Atriplex
                            pentandra), beach elder (Iva imbricata), bitter panicum (Panicum amarulum), sea
                            rocket (Cakile lanceolata), and saltwort (Salsola kali). Continuous f oredune north
                            of jetty dominated by sea oats (Uniola paniculata) with beach elder and beach
                            cordgrass (Spartina patens) also prominent. Older dune behind f oredune has less
                            cover of sea oats and more cover of beach tea (Croton punctatus), evening
                            primrose (Oenothera humifusa), and scattered shrubs of cocoplum (Chrysobalanus
                            icaco) and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), both of which had been killed back by
                            the f recze of December -1989.
                     coastal strand: (C) small disturbed stand of 5-foot tall sea grape, beach berry (Scaevola
                            plumieri), and coinvine (Dalbergia ecastophyllum) behind sea oats foredune at
                            extreme south end of area. Shrubs killed back by freeze of December 1989. '

             Rare species: beach star (Remirea maritima) - healthy stand in both pioneer and developed
                     foredune area; necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - several plants on second dune line;
                     loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: area of coastal strand has been reduced by clearing for development from ca 16
                     acres reported by Burch and Posin in 1983 (F83BUR12) to a few acres in 1990.

             Surrounding land use: golf course to west; residential and clubhouse to north; inlet to south;
                     ocean to east.

             Ownership: private: Mobil Oil (Seminole Shores Development, Frank Evans, 40-7/4644-0497).







                                                                                                                                                                           U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                           St. Lucie Inlet, 1983


                                                                                                                                                                           MART-4
                                                                                                                                                                           Sailfish Point


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                                                                                                                            uth Point

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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-5

             St. Lucie Inlet State Recreation Area and Hobe Sound National Wildlife
             Refuge, Martin County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 134

             Topographic map: St. Lucie Inlet, Gomez

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-16-16, 16-14, 17-11,17-09 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: I I April 1990 (F90BETO 1; F90JOH3 1)

             Physical setting: heavily eroded barrier island and fringing mangroves south of St. Lucie
                    Inlet. Sand at least 50% shell mixed with quartz.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach   dune: (A) (Burch and Posin, 1983, F83BUR13; and this survey - F90BE01)
                            continuous undeveloped beach extending for 5.5 miles south of St Lucie Inlet.
                            Beach varies from a broad low plain with several low dune ridges near the jetty
                            where beach was recently re-nourished (Miller, 1990, pers. comm.) to a narrow
                            strip of sand spilling into mangrove zone a few miles to the south. Common
                            species are sea oats (Uniola paniculata), bitter panicum (Panicum amarum var
                            amarulum), beach elder (Iva imbricata), and sea purslane (Sesuvium
                            portulacastrum). Beach star (Remirea maritima) covers broad patches near the
                            jetty with its wide-ranging runners. Beach is backed by nearly continuous stand
                            of tall Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) heavily damaged by the freeze
                            of December 1989.
                    coastal strand: (C) native strand displaced by nearly monospecific stand of tall
                            Australian pines.
                    maritime hammock: (A) (Burch and Posin, 1993, F83BUR13 and this survey -
                            F90JOH30 - Tropical maritime hammock occupies long, narrow N-S running
                            ridges in the mangrove zone. Ridge crossed by park boardwalk to the beach is
                            composed of both temperate and tropical canopy trees. Temperate trees include
                            redbay (Persea borbonia), cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), and live oak (Quercus
                            virginiana); tropical trees are primarily mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum),
                            gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), and strangler fig (Ficus aurea). Most of the
                            tropical species were sprouting new shoots f rom their trunks (epicormic f lushing)
                            after the freeze of December 1989. The other hammock seen had a purely
                            tropical canopy and short tropical trees in understory, including spanish stopper
                            (Eugenia foetida), white stopper (Eugenia axillaris), lancewood (Nectandra
                            coriacea), and marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides).

             Rare species: sea lavender (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - I dead shrub seen near jetty; 2
                    seedlings found in wildlife refuge portion; beach star (Remirea maritima) - abundant
                    near the jetty behind the foredunes; least tern (Sterna antillarum) - approximatley 20
                    pairs nest on the broad beach south of the jetty (Miller, 1990, pers. comm.); loggerhead
                    turtle (Caretta caretta) - 182 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: the exotic vining shrub, Colubrina asiatica, forms a dense stand along higher
                    portions of mangrove stands; Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) has heavily
                    invaded the mangrove fringe and, to a lesser extent, the hammock understory;
                    Australian pine (Casuarina equiselifolia) has essentially displaced the native strand
                    community behind the beach. Jettied inlet built in 1892 has caused about 1/2 mile of










                                            Coastal Uplands Site Summary


                    recession in beaches to the south of it, according to offset seen in 1986 Florida D.O.T.
                    aerial photograph.

             Surrounding land use: residential to south; water to north, east, and west.

             Ownership: public: state (St. Lucie Inlet State Recreation Area) - northern half; federal: (Hobe
                    Sound National Wildlife Refuge) - southern half.






                                                                                                                          U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                          St. Lucie Inlet,1983


                                                                                                                          MART-5
                                                                                                                          St Lucie Inlet
                                                           0
                                                                                                                          State Recreation
                                                                                                                          Area


                                                                  kout ower

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                                                                                 U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                 Gomez, 1967


                                                                                 MART-5
                                                                                 Hobe Sound National
                                                                                 Wildlife Refuge
                                       7- MI,
                                5111
                                       17IN4
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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-6

             Hobe Sound, Martin County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 16

             Topographic map: Hobe Sound

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-18-06 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 12 April 1990 (F90JOH32)

             Physical setting: narrow portion of barrier island south of bridge from Hobe Sound; strand
                     zone occupied by houses.

             Plant communities: beach dune, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (B) narrow sea oats dune backed by Australian pines.
                     maritime hammock: (C) low (20% disturbed hammock dominated by the exotic
                            Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) with scattered f reeze-killed Australian
                            pines (Casuarina equisetifolia) extending above the general canopy. Native
                            species include primarily myrsine (Rapanea punctata), wild lime (Zanthoxylum
                            fagara), seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera), and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), with
                            a profusion of vines covering the whole including Virginia creeper
                            (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and grape (Vitis munsoniana). Area along road (both
                            Gomez and Beach roads) has been landscaped with exotics (Chinese f an palm
                            and others).

             Rare species: loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 182 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                     1984).

             Disturbance: heavy invasion of Brazilian pepper and some Australian pine. Dumping in
                     clearing in central portion of area north of a dirt road connecting Beach and Gomez
                     roads.

             Surrounding land use: commercial and residential to north; residential to east, south, and west.

             Ownership: public: town of Jupiter        hammock portion; county - Hobe Sound Public Beach









                                                                                                                           U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                   Bonair Beach                                                                            Hobe Sound, 1967


                                                                                                                           MART-6
                                          US Coast Guard
                                          Station                                                                          Hobe Sound























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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-7

             Jupiter Estates North, Martin County, Florida

             Approximate acreage: 55

             Topographic map: Hobe Sound

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-18-04 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 6 December 1990 (F90JOH87)

             Physical setting: narrow barrier island less than 1/2 mile wide reaching 15-ft elevation in
                     center. Portions of native hammock and strand vegetation preserved on some large
                     estates.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (B) the narrow beach has been re-nourished. Patchy sea oats dunes in f ront
                            of woody strand vegetation.
                     coastal strand: (C) appears to have been partly cleared, as well as narrowed- by erosion.
                            Grades abruptly up to 30-f t high hammock near the coast.
                     maritime hammock: (A) predominently tropical, the common trees being sea grape
                            (Coccoloba uvifera), strangler f ig (Ficus aurea), and gumbo limbo (Bursera
                            simarouba), with only scattered representatives of temperate species such as
                            live oak (Quercus virginiana) and redbay (Persea borbonia). Understory trees
                            include spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida), blolly (Guapira discolor), and wild lime
                            (Zanthoxylum fagara).

             Rare species:   loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 182 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                     1984).

             Disturbance:   cutting of seaward vegetation has resulted in greater inland penetration of salt
                     spray carried off the ocean by the prevailing easterlies. Salt burn has killed back the
                     canopy of the taller figs and gumbo limbos, which are re-sprouting. Some invasion of
                     brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), Sansevieria, and Australian pine (Casuarina
                     equisetifolid) especially along AIA.

             Surrounding land use: residential and golf course

             Ownership: private: large estates.








                                                                                                                                        U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                 4                                                                      Hobe Sound, 1967

                                                      Harboi                                                                            MART-7
                                                      Island        ile      7                                                          Jupiter Estates
                                                                                                                                        North
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             MART-8

             Jupiter Island Estates South. Martin County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 16

             Topographic map: Hobe Sound

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-19-03, 18-04 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 12 April 1990 (F90JOH33)

             Physical setting: medium width (0.4 mi) barrier island of gently undulating sand ridges
                     reaching maximum elevation of 25 ft, running parallel to the coast. Little or no
                     mangrove f ringe.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (B) narrow beach (re-nourished)
                     coastal strand: (A) low tropical species grading downward to sea grape near coast
                     maritime hammock: (A+) intact tropical hammock with large (2'diameter) trees of
                            mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), strangler fig (Ficus aurea), and gumbo
                            limbo (Bursera simarouba) forming the canopy. Butterfly orchids (Encyclia
                            tampensis) seen on limbs of redbay (Persea borbonia). Understory also tropical,
                            dominated by spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida), wild cof fee (Psychotria nervosa),
                            and marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides). Small amount of Brazilian pepper
                            (Schinus terebinthifolius) invasion confined to strip along AIA. Little freeze
                            damage to tropical species from December 1989 freeze compared to disturbed
                            site to north (MART-6).

             Rare species:   loggerhead turtle (Caretta carella) - 182 nests/krn (Hopkins and Richardson,
                     1984).

             Disturbance:   light Brazilian pepper invasion along AIA

             Surrounding land use: residential (estates); lagoon side of these properties being cleared for
                     building.

             Ownership: private: north lot - Devine, 90 Washington St., New York, N.Y. 10015; south lot -
                     Patricia Laus, Jupiter, Florida.








                                                                                                                                                       U.S.  G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                       Hobe Sound, 1967


                                                                                                                                                       MART-8
                                                                                                                                                       Jupiter Estates
                                                                                                                                                       South

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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


              MART- 9

              Blowing Rocks Preserve. Martin County, Florida.

              Approximate acreage: 53

              Topographic map: Jupiter

              Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-19-03 (4/17/86)

              Survey date: 12 April 1990 (F90JOH34)

              Physical setting: 5- 10 f t cliff of coquina rock exposed at shoreline; this rock covered by sand
                     to form foredune about 30 m inland from shore. Waves break explosively in solution
                     holes and caves in this rock giving the beach its name.

              Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (A) foredune dominated by sea oats
                     coastal strand: (A) backdune dominated by saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) with scattered
                            seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera).
                     maritime hammock: (B) area east of AIA supported a tall forest of Australian pine
                            (Casuarina equisetifolia) in 1985 when it was removed by The Nature
                            Conservancy and planted to native hammock species. In 1942 Kurz (p.33)
                            reported the area was covered by a "luxuriant impenetrable scrub thicket
                            dominated by saw palmetto". Remnant hammock stands behind the taller
                            foredunes at the north end of the property consist of poisonwood (Metopium
                            toxiferum), blolly (Guapira- discolor), gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), pigeon
                            plum (Coccoloba diversifolia) and f iddlewood (Citharexylum fruticosum). North
                            of houses near the north border of the property is a second hammock composed
                            of strangler fig (Ficus aurea), mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), pigeon
                            plum (Coccoloba diversifolia), and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) with spanish
                            stopper (Eugenia foetida) in the understory.

              Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - fewer than 10 plants seen in cleared area
                     inland from the remnant hammock at the north end of the main property; beach star
                     (Remirea maritima) - common on foredune (Cooper, 1983); necklace pod (Sophora
                     tomentosa) - Cooper, 1983; loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 182 nests /km (Hopkins
                     and Richardson, 1984).

              Disturbance: heavy invasion of Australian pine west of AIA; zone cleared of Australian pine
                     east of A IA.

              Surrounding land use: residential to north and south

              Ownership: private (nonprofit): The Nature Conservancy







                                                                                                                                                                  U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                  Jupiter, 1967


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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-1

             South Coral Cove Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 17

             Topographic map: Jupiter

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3437-19-01 (4/17/86)

             Survey date: 13 April 1990 (F90JOH35)

             Physical setting: narrow portion of Jupiter Island immediately north of where it broadens
                     north of Jupiter Inlet. Erosion has cut a 10' scarp into planted sea oats dune with beach
                     elder (Iva imbricata) and railroad vine (1pomoea pes-caprae) colonizing the beach at its
                     base. Isolated slabs of coquina rock exposed in the surf zone.

             Plant communities: beach dune
                     beach dune: (artificial - planted in spring 1989) dune has been bulldozed into place
                            and planted with native vegetation in three zones (Griffiths, 1990, pers. comm.):
                            sea oats (Uniola paniculata) plus seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera); beach sunflower
                            (Helianthus debilis), and beach cordgrass (Spartina patens). Plants have irrigation
                            spigots near them and look unusually large and green, except the seagrape which
                            was killed back by the freeze of December 1989. Australian pines (Casuarina
                            equisetifolia) surround the parking area east of AIA.

             Rare species: beach jacqucmontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - collected in this vicinity in 1962
                     by Olga Lakela and deposited in University of Florida herbarium; loggerhead turtle
                     (Caretta caretta) - 182 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: highly disturbed and partially restored to native vegetation.

             Surrounding land use: urban development to south; developed recreational park (Coral Cove)
                     to north; mangroves and AIA to west; Atlantic ocean to east.

             Ownership: public:,state (managed by Palm Beach County).






                                                                                                                                                 U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                 JuPiter, 1967

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                                                                                                                                                South Coral
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                                               Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-2

             Dubois Park, Palm Beach County. Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 33

             Topographic map: Jupiter

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-8A-19

             Survey date: 13 April 1990 (F90JOH37)

             Physical setting: beach south of Jupiter Inlet which is essentially attached to the mainland,
                     being separated from it by only a narrow zone of mangroves.

             Plant communities: beach dune
                     beach   dune: (B) sea oats dune backed by parking lots to south and forest of tall
                             Australian pines (Casuarina equisetifolia) to north near south jetty of Jupiter
                             Inlet. Erosion has cut a 10' scarp into dune south of jetty decreasing southward
                             to P in front of parking lots. Other common species include beach star (Remirea
                             maritima), tread-sof tly (Cnidoscolus stimulosus), prickly pear (Opuntia stricta), and
                             seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera).

             Rare species: beach star (Remirea maritima) - common on f oredune near parking lot;
                     burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - specimen collected by Naumen (1977) and
                     deposited in herbarium at Florida Atlantic University.

             Disturbance: heavy invasion of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) behind the f oredune;
                     erosion due to south jetty at Jupiter Inlet.

             Surrounding land use: inlet to north; urban development to west and south; Atlantic Ocean
                     to east.


             Ownership: public: Palm Beach County







                                                                                                                                                                                                               U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Jupiter, 1967


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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-3

             Carlin Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 22

             Topographic map: Jupiter

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-8A-19 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 13 April 1990 (F90JOH38)

             Physical setting: mainland beach 3/4 mi south of Jupiter Inlet. AIA very close to shoreline.

             Plant communities: beach dune
                     beach dune: (C) east of A I A is a 20' cliff to beach which has patches of sea oats (Uniola
                     paniculata) and beach elder (Iva imbricata) with seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) growing
                     on clif f face.

             Rare species: burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - collected in this vicinity by Naumen
                     (1977) - specimen     deposited in herbarium of Florida Atlantic University.

             Disturbance: area west of AIA is a nearly pure stand of the exotic Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                     terebinthifolius).

             Surrounding land use: hotel to north; urban commercial to west; residential to south.

             Ownership: public: Palm Beach County (developed park)








                                                                                                                                                              U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                              Jupiter, 1967


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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-4

             Radnor Beach Park, Palm Beach County, Flodda.

             Approximate acreage: 138

             Topographic map: Jupiter

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-8A-17 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 13 April 1990 (F90JOH36; F90BET02)

             Physical setting: beach attached to mainland; A I A runs close to steep bluff that descends 15-
                     20 f t to beach (nourished?); land also drops off to west of A I A to long, narrow marshy
                     area parallel to road with heavy Australian pine (Casuarina equiselifolia) invasion
                     around the margins; land rises gradually to west to disturbed rosemary (Ceratiola
                     ericoides) scrub.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, scrub
                     beach dune: (A) broad beach backed by low plateau of sea oats (Uniola paniculata).
                            Other common species are seashore paspalum (Paspalum distichum), sea purslane
                            (Sesuvium portulacastrum), and beach elder (Iva imbricata).
                     coastal strand: (A+) dense stand of mostly tropical shrubs about 12' tall along both
                            sides of AIA. Major species are spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida), poisonwood
                            (Metopium toxiferum), snowberry (Chiococca alba), seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera),
                            wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara), and myrsine (Rapanea punctata). Seagrape
                            becomes dominant seaward. Poisonwood and the parasitic wdevine (Cassytha
                            filiformis) were killed back by the freeze of December 1989; poisonwood is re-
                            sprouting vigorously, but woevine showed no signs of recovery. Other vines
                            blanketing the tops of the shrubs include Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus
                            quinquefolia), catbriar (Smilax auriculata), and grape (Vitis munsoniana).
                     scrub: (B) open shrub area with different areas dominated by scrub oaks (Quercus
                            geminala, Q. myrtifolia), low sand pines (Pinus clausa), rosemary shrubs, and
                            grasses (Farnsworth, 1988).

             Rare species: burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - one small patch under walkover to
                            beach; beach star (Remirea maritima) - patchy in flat areas between sea oats
                            dunes; four petal pawpaw (Asimina tetramera) - over 80 plants tagged in scrub
                            area (Farnsworth, 1988); large-flowered rosemary (Conradina grandiflora) -
                            scattered throughout scrub site; Curtiss' milkweed (Asclepias curtissii) - 4 plants
                            seen in scrub (Farnsworth, 1988); gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) - over
                            50 active burrows seen on scrub site (Farnsworth, 1988); scrub jay (Aphelocoma
                            coerulescens coerulescens) - 5 jays seen in scrub area (Cox, 1981).

             Disturbance: road shoulders of AIA widened for public parking; light invasion of Brazilian
                     pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Australian pine (Casuarina equiselifolia) along road.

             Surrounding land use: natural to west (scrub extends to intracoastal waterway); residential to
                     north and south.

             Ownership: public: Palm Beach County (undeveloped "resource space" park).








                                                                                                                                        U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                        Jupiter, 1967


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                                               Coastal Uplands Site Summary

              PALM-5

              Loggerhead Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

              Approximate acreage: 63

              Topographic map: Jupiter

              Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-8A-15 (4/23/86)

              Survey date: 14 April 1990 (F90JOH39)

              Physical setting: high rolling ridge reaching an elevation of 45 feet and covered by spray-
                      pruned scrub descends seaward to tropical coastal strand and finally down a bluff to
                      the beach. There is no lagoon between beach and mainland, but a narrow depression
                      occupied by willow (Salix caroliniana), Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) and
                      Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) parallels AIA on its west side. Slabs of
                      coquina rock are exposed in surf zone.

              Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, scrub
                      beach dune: (B) moderately wide beach backed by 10-m-wide plateau of sea oats (Uniola
                             paniculata) fronting a 10-15 ft cliff covered by seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera)
                             which rises to AIA. Scattered Australian pines occur at juncture of cliff and
                             sea oats plateau.
                      coastal strand: (A) consists of mostly low seagrape east of AIA on seaward face of
                             clif f - killed back by f reeze of December 1989; west of A I A consists of a diverse
                             mixture of temperate and tropical shrubs, including redbay (Persea borbonia),
                             Florida privet (Forestiera segregata), marlberry - (Ardisia escallonioides),
                             poisonwood (Melopium toxiferum), pineland croton (Croton linearis), and myrsinc
                             (Rapanea punctata). Vines of catbriar (Smilax auriculata) and grape (Vitis
                             munsoniana) are abundant, trailing over the shrubs. Moderate invasion of
                             Brazilian pepper west of AIA.
                      scrub: (A+) low (3-4 ft), spray-pruned shrub canopy on high ridge above the coast.
                             Prominent shrubs are redbay (Persea borbonia), sand live oak (Quercus geminata),
                             myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), and hog plum (Ximenia americana). Woevine
                             (Cassytha filiformis) forms a heavy thatch over the top of the shrubs, but shows
                             no sign of recovery from freeze kill of December 1989. Area is unique in that
                             it is one of the few places in Florida where temperate scrub and tropical strand
                             vegetaion grade directly into one another without a lagoon intervening.

              Rare species: beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - large patch along paved walkway
                      in southeast corner of Loggerhead Park; beach star (Remirea maritima) - small patches
                      near paths f rom A I A to beach; burrowing f our o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - similar to
                      beach star; necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - 3-4 plants in strand to east and west of
                      of AIA; loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 212 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                      1984).

              Disturbance: Brazilian pepper and Australian pine invasion in strand and low area parallel
                      to AIA; building of parking lots, picnic area and playground in park.

              Surrounding land use: natural scrub and scrubby flatwoods to west of USI (Juno Hills CARL
                      proposal); residential and commercial to north and south; Atlantic Ocean to east.

              Ownership: public: Palm Beach County (Loggerhead Park) - southern half; private: (Conrad
                      DiSantis?) - northern half.







                                                                                                                                                                     U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                                    .Jupiter, 1967
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            PALM-6

            MacArthur Beach State Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 138

            Topographic map: Riviera Beach

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-35 (4/23/86)

            Survey date: 13 April 1990 (F90JOH40)

            Physical setting: barrier peninsula on the northeast side of Lake Worth consisting of two long
                    parallel ridges separated by a small lagoon which connects to Lake Worth at its southern
                    end. The outer ridge rises abruptly to 20 f t elevation near the ocean shore and slopes
                    down to mangrove forest along the lagoon shore. The inner ridge is low (5 f t elevation),
                    bordered by mangroves, and has a small lake at its southern end. A narrow ledge of
                    sea oats (Uniola paniculata) above the beach, present in August 1986, has since been
                    eroded away and the dune slopes up directly into the seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) zone.
                    Slabs of coquina rock are exposed in the surf zone. Yellowish sand is very shelly.

            Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (A) sea oats patchy on dune slope seaward of shrubby seagrape stand.
                           Associated species are saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), railroad vine (1pomoea pes-
                           caprae), alternanthera (Alternanthera maritima), and bitter panicum (Panicum
                           amarum var amarulum).
                    coastal strand: (A+) dominated by shrubby seagrape (northernmost site where largely
                           unaffected by freeze of December 1989) and bordered by spiny plants such as
                           spanish bayonet (Yucca aloifolia) and prickly pear (Opuntia stricta) nearest the
                           beach.    Farther inland spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida) and snowberry
                           (Chiococcoa alba) join seagrape.
                    maritime hammock: (A+) hammock occurs both in a narrow band behind the 201 dune
                           ridge fronting the ocean and in a broader area on the lower 5 f t ridge west of
                           the small lagoon. On the seaward ridge it is dominated by tropical trees; on the
                           landward ridge it is mostly dominated by temperate live oak (Quercus virginiana),
                           cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) and redbay (Persea borbonia) with saw palmetto
                           (Serenoa repens) understory (Duever et al., 1981), but a stand of tropical
                           hammock also occurs on the lower ridge north of the parking lots. Tropical
                           hammock is made up of willow bustic (Dipholis salicifolia), strangler fig (Ficus
                           aurea), pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia), gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba),
                           and mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum). Of these, only pigeon plum showed
                           some damage from the freeze of December 1989. Undcrstory is primarily
                           composed of wild coffee (Pyschotria nervosa), spanish stopper, and marlberry
                           (Ardisia escallonioides).

            Rare species: burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - abundant on upper beach at south
                    end of property in 1986; few plants seen in central portion in 1990; beach star (Remirea
                    maritima) - 4 large patches on the foredunes (Duever, et al., 1981); sea lavender
                    (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - one plant present on sea oats dune in 1986 has since been
                    destroyed by erosion (Moyroud, pers. comm., 1989); hand fern (Ophioglossum palmatum;
                    Iverson, 1982); loggerhead turtle (Caretta carelta; Duever, et al., 1981); gopher tortoise
                    (Gopherus polyphemus; Duever et al., 1981).

            Disturbance: part of tropical hammock on low inner ridge was destroyed to build park parking
                    lot and visitor center; moderate invasion of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)










                                          Coastal Uplands Site Summary


                   into understory of hammocks and along mangrove fringe.

            Surrounding land use: urban highrise to the south; residential to north; Lake Worth to west;
                   Atlantic Ocean to east.

            Ownership: public: state (MacArthur Beach State Park).







                                                                                                                                U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                Riviera Beach, 1983

                                                                        N.
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                                           Coastal Uplands Site Summary


            PALM-7

            South of Southern Boulevard bridge, Palm Beach County, Florida.

            Approximate acreage: 6

            Topographic map: Palm Beach

            Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-25 (4/23/86)

            Survey date: 15 April 1990 (F90JOH41)

            Physical setting: small area of upland west of AIA bordered by mangroves in estate section
                   south of Southern Boulevard.

            Plant communities: maritime hammock
                   maritime li@mmock: (C) hammock of large trees consisting of as many exotic as native
                          species. Natives include strangler fig (Ficus aurea), cabbage palm (Sabal
                          palmetto), lancewood (Nectandra coriacea), and Florida privet (Forestiera
                          segregata). Exotics include a species of palm, silk oak (Grevillea robusta), Af rican
                          bowstring hemp (Sansevieria hyacinthoides), and Australian pine (Casuarina
                          equisetifolia).

            Rare species:

            Disturbance: heavy invasion of exotics species both in canopy and understory layers.

            Surrounding land use: residential to north south and east; mangroves to west.

            Ownership: private







                                                                                                                                                 U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                 Palm Beach, 1983


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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-8

             Phipps Ocean Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 6

             Topographic map: Palm Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-23 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 15 April 1990 (F90JOH42)

             Physical setting: 25-ft dune ridge rising steeply from beach and dropping off as abruptly to
                    park parking lots east of AIA.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                    beach dune: (B) low sea oats f oredune at base of clif f-f ace ascending to 25-f t ridge.
                           Associated species are railroad vine (Ipomoea pes-caprae), bitter panicum
                           (Panicum amarum var amarulum), beach star (Remirea maritima), and beach elder
                           (Iva imbricata).
                    coastal strand: (B) cliff-face above beach is covered by shrubby stand of seagrape
                           (Coccoloba uvifera) with scattered low cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto). Seagrape
                           was not killed back by December 1989 freeze as it was to north.

             Rare species: sea lavender (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - several mature plants north of the park
                    near dune walkover to housing development (Osorio, 1989, pers comm.); broad-leaved
                    spider lily (Hymenocallis latifolia) - several plants in ecotone between strand and beach
                    dune zones; beach stir (Remirea maritima) - scattered plants at seaward edge of sea oats
                    dune.

             Disturbance: unpaved road which has been landscaped with Vilex trifolia, an Asian shrub
                    known to occasionally naturalize along the coast, runs along the high ridge overlooking
                    the ocean. Parking lots, bath houses, and grassy picnic area occupy site of former
                    maritime hammock from which a few gumbo limbos (Bursera simarouba) still stand to
                    shade picnic area.

             Surrounding land use: urban development to north, south and west; Atlantic Ocean to east.

             Ownership: public: Palm Beach County (developed park).







                                                                                                                U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                Palm Beach,1983


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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-9

             Boynton Beach Park, Palm Beach County. Florida.

             Approximate acreage: I I

             Topographic map: Lake Worth

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-17 (4/323/86)

             Survey date: 15 April 1990 (F90JOH43)

             Physical setting: narrow strip of hammock (400 X 1000 ft.) on lee slope of first dune ridge
                     between AIA and the ocean, located north of parking and bath house area of park.
                     Erosion shown by scarp cut into foredune may be caused by sand being trapped by
                     jetties at Boynton Inlet to north of park.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (A) low 50-ft-wide ledge of sea oats (Uniola paniculata) above beach
                            showing increasing erosion to south. Associated species inlcude alternanthera
                            (Alternanthera maritima), sand cherry (Physalis viscosa), beach bean (Canavalia
                            maritima), tread softly (Cnidoscolus stimulosus), and beach berry (Scaevola
                            plumieri).
                     coastal strand: (A) shrubby stand of sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) - no freeze damage
                            from December 1989 freeze on seaward side of low (15 ft) ridge. Lee slope of
                            ridge drops off to AIA and supports hammock. Associated species are gray
                            nicker- (Caesalpinia bonduc), blackbead - (Pithcellobium keyensis), and spanish
                            bayonet (Yucca aloifolia).
                     maritime hammock: (A+) t-ropical hammock with large diameter trees of strangler fig
                            (Ficus aurea), gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), and mastic (Mastichodendron
                            foetidissimum). Smaller trees are white stopper (Eugenia axillaris), paradise tree
                            (Simarouba glauca), and poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum). Understory of
                            spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida), marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), and wild
                            coffee (Psychotria nervosa; F90JOH43; Austin and Weise, 1972).

             Rare species: golden leather fern (Acrostichum aureum) - plants in low area in hammock
                     (Moyroud, 1990, pers. comm.); beach star (Remirea maritima) - scattered plants in upper
                     beach; sea lavender (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - shrub on dunes at north end of park
                     (MacLaren, 1987, pers. comm.).

             Disturbance: six small groins spaced along beach at right angles to shore to trap sand; erosion
                     is undermining dune walkovers at park. Moderate invasion of Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                     terebinthifolius) into hammock understory, especially along AIA.

             Surrounding land use: residential (urban)

             Ownership: public: city of Boynton Beach (named "Ocean Ridge Hammock Park" on 1983
                     topographic map).








                                                                                                                  U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                  Lake Worth, 1983


                                                                                                                  PALM-9
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-10

             Atlantic Dunes Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 6

             Topographic map: Delray Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-09 (4/23/86 - NOT SEEN)

             Survey date: 17 April 1990 (F90JOH30)

             Physical setting: narrow portion of the barrier island with 15-f t-ridge rising gradually from
                     beach and descending to AIA.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (B) low sea oats dune dipping slightly on inland side to area covered by
                            scattered subshrubs such as beach tea (Croton punctatus), beach berry (Scaevola
                            plumieri), and cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco) before rising to ridge covered by
                            hammock species. Cocoplum was killed back by freeze of December 1989.
                     maritime hammock: (B) small hammock with large cleared central area. Trees are low
                            and dense consisting of primarily tropical species such as poisonwood (Metopium
                            toxiferum), seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera), and wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara).
                            Shrubs and trailing species are colonizing the central cleared portion including
                            beach creeper (Ernodea littoralis), beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata),
                            cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto), and blue curls (Trichostema dichotomum).

             Rare species: beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - 5 patches in opening in hammock
                     surrounded by nature trail; Florida lantana (Lantana depressa) - several plants in
                     central cleared portion of hammock; burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - 5
                     plants reported on beach just north of park (Osorio, pers. comm., 1989); beach star
                     (Remirea maritima) - covers acres of beach north and south of park (Osorio, pers. comm.,
                     1989); broad-leaved spider lily (Hymenocallis latifolia) - several plants in ecotone
                     between foredune and hammock; necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - several shrubs in
                     cleared central area of hammock.

             Disturbance: central portion of hammock has been cleared and is being re-colonized by native
                     plants. Park bath houses take up what was a portion of the hammock area.

             Surrounding land use: residential to north and south; A I A and beach parking to west; Atlantic
                     Ocean to east.

             Ownership: public: city of Delray Beach








                                                                                                                                                      U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                                      Delray Beach, 1983

                                                                                                                                                      PALM-10
                                                                                                                                                      Atlantic Dunes
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             PALM-11'

             Spanish River Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 15

             Topographic map: Delray Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-07 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 6 December 1990 (F90JOH88)

             Physical setting: steep, 20-ft ridge above beach east of AIA.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                     beach dune: (C) patches of grassy vegetation at base of steep slope. Common species
                            include seashore paspalum (Paspalum distichum), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and
                            spurge (Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia).
                     coastal strand: (C) solid stand of shrubby sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera) with scattered
                            plants of bay cedar (Suriana maritima) and patches of pure exotic beach berry
                            (Scaevola taccada) near tunnel underpasses.
                     maritime hammock: zone now occupied by monospecif ic stand of tall Australian pines
                            (Casuarina equisetifolia).

             Rare species: coastal vervain (Glandularia maritima) - specimen collected by Correll, 1978 and
                     deposited in herbarium of Fairchild Tropical Garden; loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                     caretta) - 112 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: heavy trampling on beach (volleyball nets) may affect coloniztion by beach
                     pioneers; invasion of exotic beach berry near tunnel underpasses; replacement of native
                     hammock west of AIA by Australian pine.

             Surrounding land use: urban

             Ownership: public: city of Boca Raton







                                                                                                                        U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                        Delray Beach, 1983


                                                                                                                        PALM-11
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             PALM-12

             Gumbo Limbo Nature Center, and Red Reef Park, Palm Beach County,
             Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 40

             Topographic map: Boca Raton

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-05 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 15 and 17 April 1990 (F90JOH44)

             Physical setting: narrow barrier island 1000 ft wide descending gradually to lagoon from
                     steeply rising 25-ft ridge near the Atlantic Ocean. Groins built along shore to stem
                     beach erosion.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (B) narrow band of sea oats at base of steep cliff above beach.
                     coastal strand: (B) steep cliff face above beach covered by a shrubby stand of seagrape
                            (Coccoloba uvifera) and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens).
                     maritime hammock: (A+) diverse and undisturbed tropical hammock with well-
                            developed over and understory structure. Canopy trees include gumbo limbo
                            (Bursera simarouba), inkwood (Exothea paniculata), pigeon plum (Coccoloba
                            diversifolia), mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), paradise tree (Simarouba
                            glauca), strangler fig (Ficus aurea), and poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum).
                            Understory trees inicude soanish stopper (Eugenia foetida), white stopper
                            (Eugenia axillaris), wild lime (Zanthoxylum fagara), and torchwood (Amyris
                            elemifera). Invasion of the exotics, Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) and
                            Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) confined to fringe above the mangrove
                            zone. No damage from the freeze of December 1989 seen.

             Rare species: beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) was reported for this area (Austin
                     and Coleman-Marois, 1977) but was not found in 1990 survey (F90JOH44). Possibly the
                     construction of parking lots for Red Reef Park east of A I A destroyed the populations;
                     loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 66 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: construction of parking lots and bath houses for Red Reef Park and visiter
                     center, parking lot, boardwalk and overlook tower at Gumbo Limbo nature center;
                     moderate invasion Australian pine and Brazilian pepper along the fringe of the
                     mangrove zone.

             Surrounding land use: residential to south; commercial to north; intracoastal waterway and
                     Lake Wyman to west; Atlantic Ocean to east.

             Ownership: public: city of Boca Raton - Gumbo Limbo Nature Center is leased to the Palm
                     Beach County school system.








                                                                                         U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                         Boca Raton, 1983


                                                                                         PALM-12
                                                                                         Gumbo Limbo
                                                                                         Nature Center


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             PALM-13

             South Beach Park. Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 30

             Topographic map: Boca Raton

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-05 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 6 December 1990 (F90JOH89)

             Physical setting: steep, narrow ridge, ca 15 ft high, above beach and east of AIA

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                     beach dune: (C) fairly broad beach but no sea oats dune at base of slope
                     coastal strand: (B) patches of native strand forming hedge-like stands along parking
                            lot, interpolated between areas of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia).
                            Major components of the strand are blackbead (Pithecellobium keyensis),
                            marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera).

             Rare species: beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - relatively large population in good
                     flower in grassy clearing in strand at north end of parking area; devil's shoestring
                     (Tephrosia angustissima; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                     caretta) - 66 nests/km. (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: parking lot for park place in strand/hammock transition zone - Australian pine
                     invasion around its edges.

             Surrounding land use: urban

             Ownership: public: city of Boca Raton







                                                                                                                                             U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                             Boca Raton, 1983


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             BROW-1

             Hillsboro Beach Estates, Broward County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 40

             Topographic map: Boca Raton

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3631-12-10 (2/26/88)

             Survey date: 7 December 1990 (F90JOH90)

             Physical setting: steep narrow dune ridge above beach and east of AIA.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (A) sea oats (Uniola paniculata) ledge backed by sea grape (Coccoloba
                            uvifera) slope to crest of ridge. Locally common species with sea oats are beach
                            star (Remirea maritima) and beach dropseed (Sporobolus virginicus).
                    coastal strand: (C) sea grape on seaward face of ridge. Transition to hammock obscured
                            by houses or clearing.
                    maritime hammock: (A/B) diverse tropical hammock with 35-40 ft canopy composed
                            of sea grape, mastic (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), gumbo limbo (Bursera
                            simarouba) and well-developed understory layer of spanish stopper (Eugenia
                            foetida), blolly (Guapira discolor), lancewood (Nectandra coriacea). Ground layer
                            covered by an exotic vining Philodendron sp. which climbs up the tree trunks .

             Rare species: beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - one plant seen in cleared central
                    section of north hammock; beach star (Remirea   *maritima) - large patch in sea oats zone
                    of northern parcel; silver palm (Coccothrinax argentata) - rare in hammock understory,
                    ca 3 f t tall; loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 28 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson,
                    1984).

             Disturbance: clearing and burning of central portion of hammock in northern piece; invasion
                    of exotic Philodendron sp. in ground layer of south piece may inhibit reproduction of
                    the native trees by preventing seedling establishment. Also scattered invasion of exotic
                    tropical trees in this portion e.g. West Indian almond (Terminalia catappa).

             Surrounding land use: residential

             Ownership: private.








                                                                                                                                        U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                        Boca Raton, 1983


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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BROW-2

             Hugh Taylor Birch State Recreation Area, Broward County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 65

             Topographic map: Pompano Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3631-11-12 (2/26/88)

             Survey date: 15 April 1990 (F90JOH29)

             Physical setting: 2000-ft-wide barrier separated from the mainland by only the narrow
                    intracoastal waterway and sloping gradually upward to an elevation of 15 ft near its
                    center. Surrounding barrier island developed as part of urban Fort Lauderdale. AIA
                    runs close to the ocean between the foredune and the stable hammock area, displacing
                    what would be the strand zone.

             Plant communities: beach dune, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (C) patchy sea oats (Uniola paniculata) - heavily trampled by swimmers and
                            sunbathers.
                    maritime hammock: (A+) mature tropical hammock dominated by mastic
                            (Mastichodendron foetidissimum), seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera), strangler f ig (Ficus
                            aurea) and paradise tree (Simarouba glauca) occupies the southeast corner of the
                            park at the nature trail and continues northward fringing the eastern leg of the
                            loop road through the park; young hammock (20 f t), dominated by,cabbage palm
                            (Sabal palmetto), blolly (duaipira discolor), spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida) and
                            gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba), fringes the southeast leg of the loop road; a
                            small stand of live oak (Quercus virginina) and cabbage palm occurs at the
                            southwest end of the loop road.

             Rare species: silver palm (Coccothrinax argentala) - tropical hammock west of main park road
                    (specimen collected by Steinberg in 1976 and deposited in the herbarium of Florida
                    Atlantic University); beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - disturbed area
                    north of garden center (Buckley and Hendrickson, 1983; Hendrickson, 1990); Biscayne
                    prickly ash (Zanthoxylum coriaceum) - scattered plants in dense scrubby hammock in
                    southeast portion of park (Hendrickson, 1990; Buckley and Hendrickson, 1983); plus the
                    following plants in the species list by Buckley and Hendrickson (1983): golden leather
                    fern (Acrostichum aureum), broad-leaved spider lily (Hymenocallis latifolia), burrowing
                    four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea), beach star (Remirea maritima), necklace pod (Sophora
                    tomentosa), and banded wild pine (Tillandsia flexuosa); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                    caretta) - 28 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984); gopher tortoise (Gopherus
                    polyphemus; Diemer, pers. comm., no date).

             Disturbance: the interior and west side of the park bordering the intracoastal waterway is
                    entirely covered by a pure stand of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia). Steinberg
                    (1980), using 1940 aerial photography, maps these areas as originally in mangrove.
                    Northwest corner of park is a large grassy area developed as a playground and picnic
                    area. Park is heavily used for recreation.

             Surrounding land use: urban development to north and south; shipping channel to west; AIA
                    and Atlantic Ocean to east.

             Ownership: public: state (State Recreation Area)









                                                                                                        U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                        Pompano Beach, 1969
                                                                                                        1983

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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary



             BROW-3

             Bartlett Estate, Broward County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: I I

             Topographic map: Pompano Beach

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3631-11-12 (2/26/88)

             Survey date: 7 December 1990 (F90JOH91)

             Physical setting: low, broad coastal ridge inland from the beach and separated from it by
                    AlA.


             Plant communities: maritime hammock
                    maritime hammock: (A+) wcll-developed tropical hammock with 60 f t canopy composed
                            of a diverse mixture of tropical trees including gumbo limbo (Bursera
                            simarouba), paradise tree (Simarouba glauca), sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), mastic
                            (Mastichodendron foetidissimum). Principal understory trees were spanish stopper
                            (Eugenia foetida), Guiana-plum (Drypetes lateriflora), wild lime (Zanthoxylum
                            fagara), wild cof fee (Pyschotria nervosa), and occasionally, silver palm
                            (Coccothrinax argentata).

             Rare species: silver palm (Coccothrinax argentata) - rare in hammock understory.

             Disturbance: Connections of this fine hammock to strand and dune communities cut off by
                    construction of AIA; slight amount of exotic invasion in understory (Carica papaya,
                    Rheo sp.). Western portion of estate planted to fruit trees and landscaped.

             Surrounding land use: urban

             Ownership: public: state (Historic Site)







                                                                                                              U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                              Pompano Beach, 1969


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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BROW-4
             John U. Lloyd Beach State Recreation Area, Broward County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 92

             Topographic map: Port Everglades

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3631-11-09 (2/26/88)

             Survey date: 17 April 1990 (F90JOH28)

             Physical setting: I 000-f t wide barrier island with maximum elevations of less than 10 f t above
                    sea level, cut in half for most of its length by N-S running Dania Sound which connects
                    at both its north and south ends to the intracoastal waterway. Most of width of island
                    made up of mangrove stands.

             Plant communities: beach dune, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (A+) (re-nourished?) sea oats dune well-developed near south end; patchy
                            at north end where beach colonized instead by a mixture of grasses and herbs
                            including alternanthera (Alternanthera maritima), beach tea (Croton punctatus),
                            seahore paspalum (Paspalum distichum), railroad vine (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and
                            sea purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum). At south end, a broad plateau of sea oats
                            dune -supports a diversity of species including beach spurge (Chamaesyce
                            mesembryanthemifolia), beach star (Remirea maritima), beach sunflower
                            (Helianthus debilis), and bay cedar (Suriana maritima).
                    maritime hammock: (A) small tropical hammock north of central parking lot near
                            lagoon walkovers with nature trail through it. Dominant species are strangler
                            fig (Ficus aurea), seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera), blolly (Guapira discolor), and
                            lancewood (Nectandra coriacea).

             Rare species: broad-leaved spider-lily (Hymenocallis latifolia; Buckley and Hendrickson, 1985);
                    burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - few small plants on beach near
                    northernmost parking lot; beach star (Remirea maritima) - covers acres of beach behind
                    the f oredunes in the vicinty of the walkover bridges across Dania Sound from beach
                    parking; necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa; Buckley and Hendrickson, 1985); sea lavender
                    (Tournefortia gnaphalodes) - one plant seen on beach was partly dead; loggerhead turtle
                    (Caretta caretta) - 28 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: from 1940 aerial photography Steinberg (1980) mapped native strand vegetation
                    behind the foredune - this has largely been replaced by the exotic Australian pine
                    (Casuarina equisetifolia); beach parking was situated in the small area of tropical
                    hammock that he mapped from the same period. Scattered shrubs of the exotic beach
                    berry (Scaevola sericea) have colonized the sea oats zone.

             Surrounding land use: Naval reserve to north; intracoastal waterway and shipping channel to
                    west; residential to south; Atlantic Ocean to east.

             Ownership: public: state (State Recreation Area)







                                                                                                    U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                    Port Everglades, 1983



                                                                                                    BROW-4
                                                                                                    John U. Lloyd
                              Lt    a b r Hei     ht                                                State Recreation
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             BROW-5
             Posner tract and North Beach County Park, Broward County, Flodda

             Approximate acreage: 45

             Topographic map: Port Everglades

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3631-11-07 (2/26/88)

             Survey date: 7 December 1990 (F90JOH92)

             Physical setting: low (5-ft) beach area ca 0.3 mi wide fronting low, swampy coastline, with
                     intracoastal waterway threading through broad mangrove areas. The Posner tract has
                     pioneer beach grasses covering a backdune area that normally would support woody
                     strand vegetation. This was apparently removed at some point. The normal zonation
                     is present at North Beach County Park, 0.25 mi south, although this vegetation has been
                     cut into square parcels by about 9 roads at right angles to the shore.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (A) has expanded inland at the Posner tract and been all but eliminated
                            by erosion at North Beach County Park. Posner tract is dominated by the dune
                            grasses, sea oats (Uniola paniculata) and bitter panicurn (Panicum amarulum), with
                            a large patch of beach star (Remirea maritima) in the center.
                     coastal strand: (A) present at North Beach County Park and eliminated (by scraping?)
                            at Posner tract. Dense shrubs with canopy height grading upward from 3 f t at
                            coast where stand is dominated by saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) to 15 f t inland
                            with a mixed stand of shrubs, such as the tropical blackbead (Pithecellobium
                            keyensis), and dwarfed trees of sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera), blolly (Guapira
                            discolor), and gumbo limbo (Bursera simarouba). Moderate invasion of the exotic
                            Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius).
                     maritime hammock: (A) (McAdam and Sulser, 1988) - inland from strand and grading
                            imperceptibly into it with the same species which have grown tall enough to
                            change the aspect from a dense hedge-like stand to a forest with distinct canopy
                            and understory layer.

             Rare species: Posner tract: Beach star (Remirea maritima) - covering large area in center;
                     burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea; Hendrickson, 1989); Florida lantana (Lantana
                     depressa var floridana) - one plant plus several hybrids with L. camara. North Beach
                     County Park: Silver palm (Coccothrinax argentata; McAdam and Sulser, 1988); plus
                     several species reported by Hendrickson and Buckley, 1986: beach star, burrowing four
                     o'clock, and broad-leaved spiderlily (Hymenocallis latifolia); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                     caretta) - 28 nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984). N.B. this park has disturbed
                     strand habitat suitable for introduction of the endangered beach jacquemontia
                     (Jacquemontia reclinata).

             Disturbance: scraping of strand vegetation in some areas; moderate invasion of pepper

             Surrounding land use: residential

             Ownership: public: Broward County; private: Posner tract








                                                                                                                     U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                     Port Everglades,


                                                                                                                     BROW-5
                                                                                                                     Posner Tract and
                                                                                                                     North Beach Park

                                                            m bev *0@'

                                                                 Cr;
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                                             Coastal Uplands Site Summary


             DADE-1

             Virginia Key, Dade County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 40

             Topographic map: Key Biscayne

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD2746-14-06 (2/14/85)

             Survey date: 17 April 1990 (F90JOH27)

             Physical setting: broad (4000 ft), low (5 ft) barrier island lying over a mile east of the
                    mainland across Biscayne Bay. Offshore area is very shallow (less than 20 f t deep over
                    a mile off shore) and the narrow, gently sloping forcshore of the beach indicates a low-
                    wavc-energy coast. Several closely-spaced groins along the beach indicate previous
                    erosion problems.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                    beach dune: (B) no sea oats dune present. Upper beach has a mixture of pioneer and
                            stable dune species including seashore paspalum (Paspalum distichum), beach
                            sunflower (Helianthus debilis), beach elder (Iva imbricata), and Virginia creeper
                            (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).
                    coastal strand: (C) scattered shrubs behind foredune include saw palmetto (Serenoa
                            repens), the exotic colubrina (Colubrina asiatica), spanish bayonet (Yucca
                            aloifolia), coinvine (Dalbergia ecastophyllum) and seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera).
                    maritime hammock: (A) not too diverse, but. intact, low-lying tropical hammock
                            with fair-sized trees and distinct understory. Major canopy species are
                            strangler f ig (Ficus aurea), seagrape, and mastic (Mastichodendron
                            foetidissimum), with occasional cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto) and blolly
                            (Guapira discolor). Understory trees are spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida),
                            marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), and torchwood (Amyris elemifera).

             Rare species: Biscayne prickly ash (Zanthoxylum coriaceum) - 4 plants seen in understory of
                    hammock east of parking lots; plus the following plants in a species list for Virginia
                    Key (Avery et al., 1980): broad-leaved spider lily (Hymenocallis latifolia), burrowing
                    four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea), necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa), sea lavender
                    (Tournefortia gnaphalodes).

             Disturbance: most of the island is covered by a pure stand of Australian pine (Casuarina
                    equisetifolia); lower-lying areas are invaded by Brazilian pepper (Schinus
                    terebinthifolius); the invasive burma reed (Neyraudia reynaudiana) occurs sporadically
                    in openings in the hammock zone; foredune area has scattered shrubs of the exotic
                    beach berry (Scaevola sericea) and patches of the exotic vining shrub, (Colubrina
                    asiatica). Cars arc driven along the upper beach, packing the sand.

             Surrounding land use: developed county park to south; sewage treatment plant and mangroves
                    to west; inlet to north; Atlantic ocean to east.

             Ownership: public: city/county (MctroDade) park.









        P,
                                                                                                             U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                             Key Biscayne, 1969


                                                                                                             DADE-1
                                                                                                             Virginia Key

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                                              Coastal Uplands Site Survey


             DADE-2

             Crandon Park, Dade County, Floritda.

             Approximate acreage: 50

             Topographic map: Key Biscayne

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD2746-13-18 (2/14/85)

             Survey date: 16 April 1990 (F90JOH25)
             Physical setting: northern tip of Key Biscayne, a broad low barrier island two miles east of
                     the mainland across Biscayne Bay. About half the width of the island is made up of
                     mangroves. Fossil black mangrove reef exposed at low tide off northeastern tip.

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (B) no sea oats dune on this low-wave-energy coast. Low, narrow upper
                            beach colonized primarily by saltgrass (Distichlis spicala), beach tea (Croton
                            punclatus), beach sunflower (Helianthus debilis), and an exotic species of beach
                            berry (Scaevola sericea).
                     coastal strand: (B) narrow zone of shrubs between f oredune and hammock zones shows
                            little spray pruning of canopy. Principal species are the exotic Colubrina
                            asiatica, saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), blackbead (Pithecellobium keyensis), and
                            shrubby seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera).
                     maritime hammock: (A)         young tropical hammock does not yet show much
                            over/understory differentiation.      Despite this and the presence of scattered
                            trees of exotic species (Pithecellobium dulce, Manilkara zapota, Flacourtia indica)
                            the forest is diverse and healthy, and barring other disturbance, will probably
                            recover. Major canopy species are strangler fig (Ficus aurea), cabbage palm
                            (Sabal palmetto), and poisonwood (Metopium toxiferum). Understory consists
                            primarily of spanish stopper (Eugenia foetida). Moderate invasion of Brazilian
                            pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia).

             Rare species: beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - two sites in disturbed areas of the
                     hammock; Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var floridana) - several plants on upper
                     beach; burrowing four o'clock (Okenia hypogaea) - several young plants at south end
                     of beach that borders the hammock area; necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa) - several
                     plants in strand zone; Biscayne prickly ash (Zanthoxylum coriaceum) - several scattered
                     trees in hammock; plus several plants on park species list (Avery, 198 1): golden leather
                     fern (Acrostichum aureum); cowhorn orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum), and silver palm
                     (Coccothrinax argentata); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 13 nests/km (Hopkins and
                     Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: Historical accounts indicate the plant cover of the area has changed several times
                     in its history (Lippincott, 1990, pers comm.). Notes of early surveyors in 1851 and 1855
                     indicate that the entire area from Cape Florida to the northern tip was occupied by saw
                     palmetto. In 1910 the Crandon area was planted to coconuts. In 1988 a fire burned the
                     north end of the hammock increasing the spread of Burma reed (Neyraudia
                     reynaudiana), an invasive Asian grass. The present management practice of scooping
                     seaweed off the beach with a heavy vehicle may be compacting the beach sand and
                     removing nutrients, both of which could retard colonization by pioneer beach species.

             Surrounding land use: inlet and mangrove to north; parking lots to south; mangroves to west;
                     Atlantic Ocean to cast.







                                                                                                        A    1.





                                           Coastal Uplands Site Survey



            Ownership: public: city/county (MetroDade park).







                                                                                                                            U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                            Key Biscayne, 1969


                                                                                                                            DADE-2
                                                                                                                            Crandon Park


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                                               Coastal Uplands Site Summary


              DADE-3

              Cape Florida State Recreation Area, Dade County, Florida.

              Approximate acreage: 28

              Topographic map: Key Biscayne

              Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD2746-13-16 (2/14/85)

              Survey date: 16 April 1990 (F90JOH26)

              Physical setting: southern tip of Key Biscayne, a low, broad barrier island two miles east of
                     the mainland across Biscayne Bay. Broad beach has been re-nourished.

              Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand, maritime hammock
                     beach dune: (A) broad (100 yd-wide) beach with a broad flat vegetated area behind the
                             sea oats (Uniola paniculata) line fringing the beach. Major species in this zone
                             include beach tea (Croton punctatus), blue curls (Trichostema suffrutescens), beach
                             star (Remirea maritima), beach sunflower (Helianthus debilis). Unusual species
                             include the hispid ragweed (Ambrosia hispida) more common in the Keys, and
                             Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var floridana). Widely scattered or patchy
                             exotics are periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), beach berry (Scaevola sericea), and
                             colubrina (Colubrina asiatica).
                     coastal strand: (C) patchy seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) fronting a solid forest of
                             Australian pine behind thebeach.
                     maritime hammock: (B) small (ca 20 acre) remnant tropical hammock north of beach
                             parking lot has a nature trail through it.         Over/understory not yet well
                             dif f crentiated. Common tree species are strangler f ig (Ficus aurea), seagrape, and
                             blolly (Guapira discolor). Blackbead (Pithecellobium keyensis) and spanish stopper
                             (Eugenia foetida) are locally common.

              Rare species: Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var floridana) - several plants in beach dune
                     area; beach star (Remirea maritima) - covers acres behind the sea oats fringe above the
                     beach; broad-leaved spider lily (Hymenocallis latifolia) - small patch in hammock; plus
                     the following species on a park list (Popenoe, 1983): silver palm (Coccothrinax
                     argentata), necklace pod (Sophora tomentosa); loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) - 13
                     nests/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984); merlin (Falco columbarius) - major
                     migration/stop-over area (Neville, 1987); peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) -adult and
                     immature birds observed regularly from August to October (Neville, 1987).

              Disturbance: Cape Florida's natural ridge and swale pattern was obscured in 1950 when
                     dredge spoil from the Cape Florida channel was placed on it (Pilkey et al., 1984, p234-
                     5). A robust stand of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) now occupies the fill
                     area. No record of the original vegetation remains.

              Surrounding land use: lighthouse and seawall to south; Australian pine forest to west;
                     residential to north; Atlantic Ocean to east.

              Ownership: public: state (State Recreation Area)







                                                                                                                                     U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                                                     Key Biscayne, 1969


                                                                                                                                     DADE-3
                                                                                                                                     Cape Florida
                                                                                                                                     State Recreation
                                                                                                                                     Area

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                                                                                                       U.S.G.S. QUAD:
                                                                                                       Boca Raton, 1983

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                                                                                       NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CTR LIBRARY
             PALM-13                                                                    3 6668 14111430 8

             South Beach Park, Palm Beach County, Florida.

             Approximate acreage: 30

             Topographic map: Boca Raton

             Florida D.O.T. aerial photograph: PD3523-9-05 (4/23/86)

             Survey date: 6 December 1990 (F90JOH89)

             Physical setting: steep, narrow ridge, ca 15 ft high, above beach and east of AIA

             Plant communities: beach dune, coastal strand
                     beach dune: (C) fairly broad beach but no sea oats dune at base of slope
                     coastal strand: (B) patches of native strand forming hedge-like stands along parking
                            lot, interpolated between areas of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia).
                            Major components of the strand are blackbead (Pithecellobium keyensis),
                            marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides), and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera).

             Rare species:  beach jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata) - relatively large population in good
                     flower in grassy clearing in strand at north end of parking area; devil's shoestring
                     (Tephrosia angustissima; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980); loggerhead turtle (Caretta
                     caretta) - 66 ncsts/km (Hopkins and Richardson, 1984).

             Disturbance: parking lot for park place in strand/hammock transition zone - Australian pine
                     invasion around its edges.

             Surrounding land use: urban

             Ownership: public: city of Boca Raton