[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



                                           CHARLES CITY COUNTY
                                      TIDAL MARSH INVENTORY

                  Special Report No. 308 in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

                                      Kenneth A. Moore and Sharon Dewing




                       Property of CSC Libya?


                                                  WETLANDS PROGRAM


                              VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE
                                                           School of Marine Science
                                                    The College of William and Mary
                                                    Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062

                                                 Dr. Carl Hershner, Program Director
                               *  SDPRMNOFCMEC      Dr. Frank O. Perkins, Dean/Director
                         U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
      3'i-'"~ ~COASTAL SERVICES CENTER                                      DECEMBER1990
                         2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
     -'~--,o~ o~ ~         CHARLESTON, SC 29405-2413


4~i P~nted nW recycled paper
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                                                              Preface


  0    ~~~~     This publication is one of a series of county and city tidal marsh inventories prepared by the Wetlands Ad-
          visory Group of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The previously published reports include:

                  Lancaster County           City of Newport News                  Middlesex County
                  Northumberland County       and Fort Eustis                      City of Norfolk
  0  ~~~Mathews County                       Accomack County                       King William County and
                  York County and the        Northampton County                     Town of West Point
                   Town of Poquoson          Westmoreland County                   King and Queen County
                  Stafford County            James City County                     Prince George County
                  Prince William County       and the City of Williamsburg          and City of Hopewell
  0             ~~~~King George County       Surry County                          City of Portsmouth
  *             ~~~~~City of Hampton         Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties    City of Virginia Beach Vol. 3
                  Fairfax County              and the City of Fredericksburg       Richmond County
                  Gloucester County          New Kent County
                  City of Virginia Beach     Essex County
                   Vol. I and 2              Isle of Wight County

                Under Section 62-1.13.4 of the Virginia Wetlands Act, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science is obligated to
          inventory the tidal wetlands of the Commonwealth. This inventory program is designed to aid the local wetlands
          boards, the state and federal regulatory agencies, and regional planning districts in making informed rational
          decisions on the uses of these valuable resources. They are also intended for use by the general public as a natural
*       ~~history guide and the scientific community as a research data source.

                The reader is referred to the Shoreline Situation Re-oort. Charles City County, SRAMSOE No. 115, Virginia
          Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062. This report focuses on various shoreline charac-
          teristics including areas of erosion and accretion, beaches, marshes, artificially stabilized areas, and fastland types
*        ~~and uses.

                Also of interest may be a booklet, Wetlands Guidelines, available from the Marine Resources Commission,
          Newport News, Virginia, which describes the wetlands types and the types of shoreline activities which affect wet-
          lands and what these effects are.









                                                    Acknowledgements


               We would like to thank Mr. Arthur Harris and Mr. Mark Ziegler for their field assistance in gathering the
       data for this report.

               We would especially like to thank Berch Smithson for his programming expertise, Anna K. Kenne, Paula
       Hill and Martha Craig for digital cartography, William Jenkins for the cover photograph line conversion and Janet
       Walker for tables and typography.

*            ~~~~The field work for this inventory was funded in part by the Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and
       Atmospheric Administration, Office of Coastal Zone Management, grant number 04-6-168-44037, and in part by the
      Virginia Council on the Environment's Coastal Resources Management Program through grant number
       NA90AA-H-CZ796 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the Coastal Zone Management
      Act of 1972 as amended.







                                                     Table of Contents


                 Preface   .............. .            .... . . . . . . . . . . .        . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
                 Acknowledgements ................1...............11............. iii
                 Introduction ................1........................................ 
                 Methods .................................. ......................... 3
                 Marsh Types and Evaluation ..5.............5.....................5
                 Marsh Types and Their Environmental Contributions .                                    .          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
                 Evaluation of Wetland Types   ..................................11
                 Marsh Plants ................................................. .... 13
                 Glossary of Descriptive Terms  . . .              . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
*                  Reference Map to Marsh Sections .................................... 19
                       Section I Walkers Dam to Morris Creek ........................... 21
                       Section II Morris Creek to Tomahund Creek ......................... 31

*                         Section III Dancing Point to Kittewan Creek .......... . . ..... . . 43
                       Section IV  Weyanoke Point to Ducking Stool Point .......... . . . . . . . . .. . . 51
                       Section V    Harrisons Landing to Turkey Island Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . .  59
                 Grand Total of Marsh Acreage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  64
                 Charles City County: Others List ....................................65
                 Index to Marsh Locations .                                   .                                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

0


                                                             iv

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                                                   Introduction


        The tidal marsh areas within Charles City County are among the most diverse, productive and valuable
within the Commonwealth of Virginia. Because of the low salinity waters with which they are inundated, the plant
communities consist principally of freshwater species including both arrow arum/pickerelweed (Type VII) and
freshwater mixed (Type XI) communities. They are located along the western side of the Chickahominy River as well
as in numerous creek and pocket marsh areas along the north shore of the James River. This report is organized
into five sections, each of which attempts to describe the marshes along a significant length of Charles City County
shoreline. Of the over 4,000 acres of tidal marsh vegetation inventoried in Charles City County, nearly 2,900 acres
(or 72 percent) are found along the Chickahominy River and its subtributary creeks. The James River marsh areas
are found in various creek and pocket marsh areas located along this extensive shoreline with long stretches of
nonvegetated wetland shoreline between.

        Currently, the wetland vegetation in the county is relatively undisturbed by man's activities.
Unfortunately, rapid and unplanned growth as well as actions of shortsighted waterfront property owners and
developers are a constant threat to the continued vitality of this resource. Only through careful planning and strict
controls can needless destruction of these marshlands be avoided. It is our desire that this inventory will be useful
to those concerned with conserving this valuable resource.









                                                              Methods


                  Wetland locations and wetland boundaries were obtained by consulting USGS topographic maps and aerial
         photographs. The configuration and areal extent of each marsh was confirmed by observations by boat, on foot or by
*       ~~low level overflights. Individual plant species percentages are quantitative estimates of coverage based on visual
         inspections of every marsh.

                  Percent cover estimates are subject to a seasonal bias depending on the time of the year the estimates are
         made. In the freshwater marshes, such as found in this county, the spring and early summ-er dominants are usually
*       ~~the perennials, e.g. arrow arum, pickerelweed and cattails (this inventory was conducted during the mid summer of
         1977 and therefore the plant community compositions reported here are biased toward these perennial species).
         During late sunmmer and early fall other species such as beggars ticks and smartweeds may increase in relative
         dominance. During the winter many of the marsh areas in Charles City County would appear as unvegetated mud
         flat.

                  The outline of each marsh as depicted on the topographic map was planimetered to determine its acreage.
         Marshes 0.25 acres or larger are designated by number. The acreage, plant species percentage and acreage, marsh
         type and other observations are recorded in tabular frm for each of these marshes. Marshes less than 0.25 acres
         (usually narrow fringing marshes and very small pocket marshes) are indicated by the same shaded symbol as the
*       ~~numbered marshes but are not included in the tabulations. The size of the small marshes (less than one acre) is
         exaggerated on the maps for clarity and is not always to scale.

                  Plant species percentages are recorded to the nearest percent and acreages to the nearest 0.1 acre in the
         larger marshes. In those instances where an individual plant species was estimated to amount to less than 0.5
         percent or 0.05 acre, the symbol (-) is used to indicate a trace amount.







                                                  Marsh Types and Evaluation


               For a better understanding of what is meant by marsh types, some background information is required. The
         personnel of the Wetland Advisory Group have classified twelve different, common marsh types in Virginia, based
         on vegetational composition. These marsh types have been evaluated according to certain values and are recorded
         in the Guidelines report. The following is a brief outline of the wetland types and their evaluation as found in that
*      ~~publication:

               It is recognized that most wetlands areas, with the exception of the relatively monospecific cordgrass marshes
         of the Eastern Shore, are not homogeneously vegetated. Most marshes are, however, dominated by a major plant.
         By providing the manager with the primary values of each community type and the means of identification, he then
*      ~~has a useful and convenient tool for weighing the relative importance of each marsh parcel. In Virginia, many
         wetlands management problems involve only a few acres or a fraction of an acre. The identification of plant
         communities permits the manager to evaluate both complete marshes and subareas within a marsh.

               Each marsh type may be evaluated in accordance with five general values. These are:

               1. Production and detritus availability. Previous VIMS reports have discussed the details of marsh
         production and the role of detritus which results when the plant material is washed into the water column. The
         term "detritus" refers to plant material which decays in the aquatic system and forms the basis of a major marine
         food web. The term 'production" refers to the amount of plant material which is produced by the various types of
*       ~~marsh plants. Vegetative production of the major species has been measured, and marshes have been rated in
         accordance with their average levels of productivity. If the production is readily available to the marine food web as
         detritus, a wetlands system is even more important than one of equal productivity where little detritus results.
         Availability of detritus is generally a function of marsh elevation and total flushing, with detritus more available to
         the aquatic environment in the lower, well-flushed marshes.

               2. Waterfowl and wildlife utilization. Long before marshes were discovered to be detritus producers, they
         were known as habitats for various mammals and marsh birds and as food sources for migratory waterfowl. Some
         marsh types, especially mixed freshwater marshes, are more valuable because of diversity of the vegetation found
         there.



                                                                  5






      3. Erosion buffer. Erosion is a common coastal problem. Marshes can be eroded, but some, particularly the
more saline types, are eroded much more slowly than adjacent shores which are unprotected by marsh. This
buffering quality is derived from the ability of the vegetation to absorb or dissipate wave energy by establishing a
dense root system which stabilizes the substrate. Generally, freshwater species are less effective than saltwater
plants in this regard.

      4. Water aualitv control. The dense growth of some marshes acts as a filter, trapping upland sediment before
it reaches waterways, thus protecting shellfish beds and navigation channels from siltation. Marshes can also filter
out sediments that are already in the water column. The ability of marshes to filter sediments and maintain water
clarity is of particular importance to the maintenance of clam and oyster production. Excessive sedimentation can
reduce the basic food supply of shellfish through reduction of the photic zone where algae grow. It can also kill
shellfish by clogging their gills. Additionally, marshes can assimilate and degrade pollutants through complex
chemical processes, a discussion which is beyond the scope of this paper.

      5. Flood bffar. The peat substratum of some marshes acts as a giant sponge in receiving and releasing
water. This characteristic is an effective buffer against coastal flooding, the effectiveness of which is a function of
marsh type and size.

      Research and marsh inventory work accomplished by VIMS personnel indicate that 10 species of marsh 
vegetation tend to dominate many marshes, the dominant plant depending on water salinity, marsh elevation, soil
type, and other factors. The term "dominant" is construed to mean that at least 50% of the vegetated surface of a
marsh is covered by a single species. Brackish and freshwater marshes often have no clearly dominant species of
vegetation. These marshes are considered to be highly valuable in environmental terms.







                           Marsh Types and Their Environmental Contributions

                         (Edited from Guidelines for Activities Affecting Virginia Wetlands)

Type I    Saltmarsh Corderass Communitv

          a. Average yield 4 tons per acre per annum. (Optimum growth up to 10 tons per acre.)
          b. Optimum availability of detritus to the marine environment.
          c. Roots and rhizomes eaten by waterfowl and stems used in muskrat lodge construction. Also serves as
             nesting material for various birds.
          d. Deterrent to shoreline erosion.
          e. Serves as sediment trap and assimilates flood waters.

Type II   Saltmeadow Communitv

          a. 1-3 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Food (seeds) and nesting areas for birds.
          c. Effective erosion deterrent.
          d. Assimilates flood waters.
          *e. Filters sediments and waste material.

Type III  Black Needlerush Communitv

          a. 3-5 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Highly resistant to erosion.
          c. Traps suspended sediments but not as effective as Type II.
          d. Somewhat effective in absorbing flood waters.

Type IV  Saltbush Communitv

          a. 2 tons per acre per annum or less.
          b. Nesting area for small birds and habitat for a variety of wildlife.
          c. Effective trap for flotsam.


                                                        7







Type V    Big Cordgrass Communitv

          a. 3-6 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Detritus less available than from Type I.
          c. Habitat for small animals and used for muskrat lodges.
          d. Effective erosion buffer.
          e. Flood water assimilation.

Type VI  Cattail Community

          a. 2-4 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Habitat for birds and utilized by muskrats.
          c. Traps upland sediments.

Type VII Arrow Arum-Pickerel Weed Communitv

          a. 2-4 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Detritus readily available to marine environment.
          c. Seeds eaten by wood ducks.
          d. Susceptible to erosion from wave action and boat wakes, particularly in winter months.

Type VIII Reed Grass Communitv

          a. 4-6 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Little value to wildlife except for cover.
          c. Invades marshes and competes with more desirable species.
          d. Deters erosion on disturbed sites.

Type IX  Yellow Pond Lilv Communitv

          a. Less than 1 ton per acre per annum.
          b. Cover and attachment site for aquatic animals and algae.
          c. Feeding territory for fish.


                                                        8







Type X    Saltwort Community

          a. Less than 0.5 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Little value to aquatic or marsh animals.

Type XI  Freshwater Mixed Community

          a. 3-5 tons per acre per annum.
          b. High diversity of wildlife.
          c. High diversity of wildlife foods.
          d. Often associated with fish spawning and nursery grounds.
          e. Ranks high as a sediment trap and nursery grounds.

Type XII Brackish Water Mixed Communitv

          a. 3-4 tons per acre per annum.
          b. Wide variety of wildlife foods and habitat.
          c. Deterrent to shoreline erosion.
          d. Serves as sediment trap and assimilates flood waters.
          e. Known spawning and nursery grounds for fish.







                                         Evaluation of Wetland Types

                            (From Guidelines for Activities Affecting Virginia Wetlands)


      For management purposes, the twelve types of wetlands identified above are grouped into five classifications
based on the estimated total environmental value of an acre of each type.

      Group One:  Saltmarsh Cordgrass (Type I)
                     Arrow Arum-Pickerel Weed (Type VII)
                     Freshwater Mixed (Type XI)
                     Brackish Water Mixed (Type XII)

      Group One marshes have the highest values in productivity and wildfowl and wildlife utility and are closely
associated with fish spawning and nursery areas. They also have high value as erosion inhibitors, are important to
the shellfish industry, and are valued as natural shoreline stabilizers. Group One marshes should be preserved.

      Group Two:   Big Cordgrass (Type V)
                     Saltmeadow (Type II)
                     Cattail (Type VI)

      Group Two marshes are of only slightly lesser value than Group One marshes. The major difference is that
detritus produced in these marshes is less readily available to the marine environment due to higher elevations and
consequently less tidal action to flush the detritus into adjacent waterways. Group Two marshes have very high
values in protecting water quality and acting as buffers against coastal flooding. These marshes should also be
preserved; but if development in wetlands is considered to be justified, it would be better to alter Group Two
marshes than Group One marshes.






      Grouo Three: Yellow Pond Lily (Type IX)
                     Black Needlerush (Type III)

      The two marshes in the Group Three category are quite dissimilar in properties. The yellow pond lily marsh
is not a significant contributor to the food web, but it does have high values to wildlife and waterfowl. Black
needlerush has little wildlife value, but it ranks high as an erosion flood buffer. Group Three marshes are
important, though their total values are less than Group One and Two marshes. If development in wetlands is
considered necessary, it would be better to alter Group Three marshes than Groups One or Two.                          0

      Grup Four:  Saltbush (Type IV)

      The saltbush community is valued primarily for the diversity and bird nesting area it adds to the marsh
ecosystem. To a lesser extent it acts as an erosion buffer. Group Four marshes should not be unnecessarily
disturbed, but it would be better to concentrate necessary development in these marshes rather than disturb any of
the marshes in the preceding groups.

      Group Five:  Saltwort (Type X)
                     Reedgrass (Type VIII)

      Based on present information, Group Five marshes have few values of any significance. While Group Five
marshes should not be unreasonably disturbed, it is preferable to develop in these marshes than in any other types.















                                                       12










                                                                   Marsh Plants

                                Common names and scientific names as found in the data tables of this report.


           Arrow Arum.*          Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth               Nut Grass             Cyperus esculentus L.
           Arrowhead*            Sagittaria latifolia Wilid.                  Pickereiweed          Pont edaria cordata L.
           Beggars Ticks*        Bidens coronata (L.) Britton                 Reedgrass             Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton
           Big Cordgrass*        Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth              Saltmarsh Aster       Aster vimineus Lam.
           Black Gum*            Nyssa sylvatica Marshall                     Saltmarsh Cordgrass*  Spartina alterniflora Loisel
*         ~~~Button Bush         Cephalanthus occidental is L.                Sedge                 Carex stricta Lam.
           Cardinal Flower       Lobelia cardinal is L.                       Smartweed*            Polygonum punctatum Ell.
           Cattails*             Typha augustifolia L.                        Soft Rush             Juncus effusus L.
                                  Typha latifolia L.                          Soft Stem Bulrush*    Scirpus validus Vahl.
           Climbing Hempweed   Mikania scandens (L.) Wilid.                   Spikerush*            Eleocharis fallax Weatherby
           Common Threesquare* Scirpus americanus Pers.                                             Eleocharisparvula (R.+S.) Link
*         ~~~Cypress             Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard              Swamp Dogwood         Cornus stricta Lam.
           Dodder                Cuscuta spp.                                 Swamp Rose            Rosa palustris Marshall
           Fern                  Osmunda regalis L.                           Tearthumb             Polygonum arifolium L.
                                 Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith             Walters Millet         Echinochloa, walteri (Pursh) Nash
                                 Thelypteris palustris Schott                Water Dock*            Rumex verticillatus L.
           Giant Bulrush*        Scirpus validus Vahl.                        Water Hemnp*          Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) J.D. Sauer
           Ironweed              Vernonia nova boracensis (L.)                Water Parsnip         Suim suave Walter
*         ~~~Jewelweed           Impatiens capensis Meerb                     Water Willow          Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell.
           Marsh Fleabane        Pluchea purpurascens (Swartz) DC             Wax Myrtle*           Myrica cerifera L.
           Marsh Hibiscus*       Hibiscus moscheutos L.                       Wild Rice*            Zizania aquatica L.
           Marsh Mallow          Kosteletskya virginica Presl.                Yellow Pond Lily*     Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Smith
           Milkweed              Asciepias incarnata L.




           *Species included in the Wetlands Act of 1972.





                                                                          13







                                           Glossary of Descriptive Terms


         Cove Marsh ~~A marsh contained within a concavity or
                               recessed area on a shoreline. The marsh
                               vegetation is usually found surrounding a
                               central, open-water pond, and tidal flushing is
                               permitted through an inlet.






 Creek or Embaved Marsh    A marsh occupying a drowned creek valley. In
                               many large creek marshes the salinity decreases
                                headward; this type of marsh may be divided for
*                           ~~~~~~~~~~inventory purposes into sections if significant
                                changes in the plant community occur along its
                               length.






 Delta Marsh                 A marsh growing on sediment deposited at the                            -
                                mouth of a tidal creek. Tidal exchange through             7A
                                the creek mouth is usually restricted to narrow
                                channels by the marsh.                                        .. 





                                                           15






Extensive Marsh             A large marsh where the length and depth or
                             width are roughly comparable. Most extensive
                             marshes are drained by many tidal channels and
                             creeks which have little freshwater input.


                                                                                                     Ilk~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Frinae Marsh                A marsh which borders a section of shoreline and
                             generally has a much greater length than width
                             or depth.






Hifgh Marsh                 The marsh surface is at an elevation of mean
                             high water or above; it is usually inundated less
                             than twice daily by tidal action.






Low Marsh                   The marsh surface is at an elevation below mean
                             high water; it is usually inundated twice daily by
                             tidal action.




                                                        16







Marsh Island                An isolated marsh surrounded on all sides by
                             open water. Interior portions of the marsh may
                             contain trees scattered at highest elevations.







Pocket Marsh                A marsh contained within a small, essentially
                             semi-circular area on a shoreline.







Point or Spit Marsh         A marsh which extends from the uplands in the
                             form of a point or spit. Its development is
                             usually influenced by tidal currents that form a
                             sand berm behind which the marsh forms.













                                                        17





















                                                              I B









  REFERENCE MAP
 WETLAND SECTIONS

CHARLES CITY COUNTY


                              19











                                                              Section I

                                                  Walkers Damn to Morris Creek


                 This section of shoreline includes much of the region of Charles City County which borders the
         Chickahominy River. It is illustrated in three map plates and includes over 1,900 acres of tidal marsh. The area
         extends from Walkers Dam, which limits the upstream extent of tidal action, to the, mouth of Morris Creek in the
*      ~~south. The dam is a relatively low structure that, although occasionally overtopped by exceptionally high tides,
         maintains a relatively constant non-tidal water level above that point.

                 The marshes in this section, which may be subject to very slight saltwater during drought periods, are
         dominated by species characteristic of freshwater areas. Because of the high diversity many are characterized as
*      ~~Type IX, freshwater mixed community. Occasional stands of arrow arummpickerelweed (Type VII) and yellow pond
         lily (Type IX) are, however, also found. Most of the marshes either grade into or contain areas of tidal and non-tidal
         woody swamp which are dominated by cypress, gum and other water-tolerant trees. Because the difference between
         tidal and non-tidal swamp is dependent upon elevational differences of a foot or less in many cases, the
         measurement of which is beyond the scope of the project, only areas of open marsh are included in this inventory.

                 The Chickahominy region is one of the most productive and diverse natural wetland areas in the
         Commonwealth. Much of the area still remains pristine and unimpacted by man's activities. Only the man-made
         impoundments which are used as a water source for cities to the south have significantly impacted this, one of the
         largest tributaries of the James River.








                                                                  21










                                              RS   DAM                                                K
     6  10TO    ALKERS  RI T              REK
       A.  WALKERS  utk    UG           ox 


                                                       I; ~~~J









                                                                I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                                                           /,,  ~~~~~~~~~~~~?f~~~1
                                                                   LANA,~~~~~~~~~~~


500                                                                               K/
                             o~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~













                                                 22






0     S            0                         0            0            0                          0~~~~1 71








                  ~~~~~~~~~4










                         /1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1












           t'~~~~~~~~~~~~~3







SECTION IK
  C.  PARSONS ISLAND TO MORRIS CREE












      t-0~~~~~~~~~~c



                                      (9~~3













    0   ~~500  1000




          S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LS 0    000K 










       1. Walkers Dam to Morris Creek.


                                                                0  .= ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... .... 
             marsh UWEa   ~.   .o                     t                      .2   o.              ...0.o0                                                                          Ohrs
                               l..ocation~~~~~~~cres  4             2 ~~~~~~                                  r        =               0-1     ...       ..
                                                                                                               sell ~.                                    0                                  berain


                Chicks-     ~~ A45,B-C-,D-   YPL along river and
            hominy                           -       -        --      -        4       --      3        -        --                      --      2        3-    E-,F-,G-.H-    channels, interior
  *1  River             44.8                                                                                                                                                                   dominated by AA w/   VII
                             A   22.4                                       1.8             1.3                                               11.2    1.3                     A6.7           stands of cypress


            Chicks-           16 52 2   202A1O,C-.D-.E-.  YPL along channels,
            hominy                           2        1       -       -       2        --      3        1       12                                        2-- F-.G-                            interior dominated by
        2   River       68.4                                                                                                                                                    A6      8      AAwIliarge stands of  VII
     *   -                    ~~~~~~~       ~~A 39.7    1.4  .7               1.4              2.1      .7      .7                               13.7    1.4                    A68cypress

            Chicks-4                                                                           5        I       11 -                                                            A15,C1S.0-,   Creek marsh; YPL
            hominy        ~                                   -       -                 -      ~        1       1       -        -       -        0       -        -       -     -F,-H,-along channel,
        3  River         9.6                                                                                                                                                                   swamp species of        xi
                             A    4.3     .2       A1                       .5               .5      A1       A                                1.0                            A1.4.C1.4      gum, cypress along
                                                                                                                                                                                   upland
            Chicks-%                 4                1232-- 04A1I0, C5, D-, E-, YPL along channels,
            hominy             %    4        3        1       -       -       2         -      3        2       -        -       -       -       30       4        -       -    F-,G-          AA mixed w/ water
        4   River       126.8                                                                                                                                                                   hemp, hibiscus,        xi
                             A   50.7    3.8      1.3                      2.5              3.8      2.5                                      38.0    5.1                     A 12.7,06.3    cattail and wild rice


            Chicks-%                 5       1        1I  -4 -                                                                                                                  A45,C5,D-.E-.  YPL in wide band
            hominy             %     5       1        1       -       --       1       -       2        -       -        -       -        -      4        -        -            F-,G-.J-        along river, interior is
        S   River       24.2                                                                                                                                                                   AA and other species  Xi
                             A    1.2     .2       .2                       .2               .5                                                9.7


            Barrows           %2                                                                                               235A15.C1O,D-,E-. YPL along channels,
            Creek                                                                                                                                                               F-,G-, H-K-    interior AA mixed wI
        6               42.7                                                                                                                                                                   stands of cypress       xi

                             A   10.7    1.3      2.1                      2.1               .9                                               14.9                            A6.4,C4.3


            Chicks-            %0                                                        2                                     3152A1O , C-. D-E-,  YPL along river,
            hominy             %    6        5        2       -       -        3        -       3       -        -       -        -      -        15      2        -       -    F-,J-           interior dominated by
        7   River       135.0                                                                                                                                                                  AA with hibiscus,       VII
                             A   81.0    6.8      2.7                       4.1             4.1                                               20.3    2.7A1.cati


            Chicks-           %A100,E-,F-                                                                                                                                                       Large area YPL.
*           ~~~~hominy                                                                                                                                                                           scattered cypress,
        8   River       14.9                                                                                                                                                                    shrubs                  IX
                                                                                                                                                                     A14.9
                             A

                                                                                                     25














                                                                         ~~~.. . . .   ... .                                                                                                                   0........
      marsh    Total~ p            .        .,            .        . .                 Him 
                                                        .....~~~~~ .                                            .      . -1  -_                            .                                                   a
            1-0 ~   ~       ~      0)       at 0r )AM                              ~ ,   .*           ..       .. ", _t          ' ~ C)       0g)                 t


    Wilcox                                                                                                                                                               A40.C-,E-      YPL and AA with
    Neck              %    3 5               10                        --      --               --5 -                    -        -~                                                    other species grading
9               15.1                                                                                                                                                                  -to aswamp               xi
                                                                                                                                                                       A6.0


    Wilcox                                                                                                                                                               A75,C-.O-,E-   Fringing marsh
    Neck                             -0       2    3-                          --      --       -        -       -                --                                                    dominated by YPL
10              10.6                                                                                                                                                                    adjacent to wood        IX
                       A    2.1              .2                        .3                                                                                               AS.0            swamp


    Wilcox            %         5 1                                     05                      55                                                 5-A15,C-,D-,E-,  YPL along river,0
    Nock        i                     0      -         -      -         0      -                         -       -                -~-                                    -nterior mostly AA
    ii         ~~~14.9                                                                                                                                                                  grades to tidal         xi

                       A    6.7     1.5                               1.5              .7       .7                                        .7       7                     A2.2           swamp

    Chicka-                                                                                                                                                              A1O,B-,D-.E-   YPL in fringe along
    homniny           %    45        10       ---                      10      --               4        1                                5       10       --channel, interior
12  River       127.5                                                                                                                                                                   dominated by AA         xi

                       A   57.4    12.8                               12.8      6       .4     5.1      1.3                              6.4    12.8                    A12.8           and PW


    Watts                                                                                                                                                                A15,C-,E-,L-   YPL along river,
    Point             %    40        5        2       -       --       15               5       1       2        --      -        -       10       5       --interior AA with wild
Is 39.3                                                                                                                                                                                 rice, jewelweed,        xi
                       A   15.7    2.0       .8                       5.9              2.0      .4      .8                               3.9      2.0                    A5.9           cattails


    Watts                                                                                                                                                                A15.C-,D-,E-,  YPL along river,
    Point              %    35       5        3       *        -       10      -.       2       5                --      -        -       25               --L-                         interior PW mixed
14              73.0                                                                                                                                                                    with stands of          xi

                       A   25.6    3.7       2.2                      7.3              1.5     3.7                                       18.3                            AllIC0         cypress


    Chicka-                                                                                                                                                              A2,C-,E-,L-    Fringe AA, cypress
        hominy       ~~%  45        10       10      -        -       10       --      10       --      -        -       2               10       1I -                                 along upland
15  River        9.3                                                                                                                                                                                            xi
                                                                                                                                                                       A.2
                       A    4.2      .9      .9                        .9              .9                                .2               .9      .1

    Chicka-                                                                                                                                                              A40,L-         Intermittent fringe
        hominy       ~~~ 30          -                        .-              --                       --       -.                                5                                    dominated byAA,
Ira River        2.1                                                                                                                                                     A8PW, YPL                              xi
                       A    .6               .1                        ..1.1                                                              .1       .1

                                                                                                   26














                                       .. ......
                                                        S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... ... .                                                                                             .        .        .       .        0


                                                  -M~ ~  ~             .~    ...    ..           . .                          
                                             St~~~~                   ~~~~~~            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .... 3. = S  ..~ 
                  -l~oqtlW   ~d     o. ...c  ...    .        .... .                               .g   .    0.                    . .~         .            .       .      ..o.
                                                .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t   ...                                                                   .........1                         I-

            Chicka-            %3                                                    0115A5S.L-                                                                                                       Pocket marsh,
            hominy                                                                                                                                                                                    interior of AA, wild
  *     17  River         1.2                                                                                                                                                         A1rice grades to                         xi

                               A     .4               A                         .4               .1                                                  .2                              A1cypress


            Old                                                                                                                                                                       A-.B-,D-,E-,    AA dominating with
            Nock               %                       --      --       -        10      --       10       15                        -        -        -       -        -        -    G-,Y-           wild rice, jewelweed,
        is1  0     1    io7                                                                                                                                                                           cutgrass                 VII

                               A   61.0    5.1                                 10.2             10.2    15.3


            Old                %      5       1                                                    0       5        15A1,B5,D-.E-,Y- AA dominating YPL
            Neck               %      5       1         -       -        -       3        -        0       5        1       -         -       -        --                        - J-,K-,N-,O-,P- along river edge
        19               112.7                                                                                                                                                                                                VII

                               A   62.0    16.9                                3.4              11.3    5.6       1.1                                        5.6      A      l            .56


            Old                1/        0 5           122                                                                                      -1A-. B5,D-,E-,   AA with abundant
*          ~~~~Neck             %      0       5        1       -         -       2       -         0       5       -        -        -        -       -                               J-,O-,Yi        jewelweed, cutgrass,
        20               71.4                                                                                                                                                                          YPL along river           I

                               A   42.8    3.6        .7                       1.4              14.3     3.6                                                  .7                     B.,.


                                                     Sunken ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A1.B-,E-,F1,   AA with abundant
            Marsh              %    55        15       1        -       --       5        --      15       5        1    I-          -        -        -                -        -    J-.Y-           jewelweed, cutgrass.
        21              215.5                                                                                                                                                                          bidens, wild rice       VII

     *                         ~~~~~~~~~~~A 118.5   32.3    2.2                  10.8             32.3    10.8      2.2                                        2.2                     A.,F.


            Parsons            %         2 10-1                                                   0        5        1-A1.B-,D-,                                                                       AA with abundant
            Creek        ~            2       1         -       -        -       1        -       2                          -       -        -        -        -       -        - J-, O-,Y1          jewelweed, cutgrass,
       22               95.3                                                                                                                                                                          interior wild rice      VII

                               A   49.6    9.5                                 9.5              19.1     4.8      1.0


*           ~~~~~Parsons        1/        5 1                                                       0- -A2,8B1, D-, K-,   Creek marsh
            Creek              %      5       1Y --                                       .       10       -        -       -         --                        1       -                             dominated by AA
        23               42.4                                                                                                                                                                          with scattered          VII

                                  A 27.6    4.2      2.1                       2.1               4.2                                                          .4A.8,1B.4                             cypress


            Parsons                                                                                                                                                                   A3,B-,0-,E-,   Extensive marsh
            Island             %    65        5        5        --      -        S        -       15       -.       1       -         -        -I                       -             J-'Y-           dominated byAA,
 *     24               120.4                                                                                                                                                                         YPL along river         VII
                                                                                                                                                                                AS.6
                               A   78.3      6.0     6.0                       6.0              18.1              1.2                                         1.2


                                                                                                           27













                                              Location~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                              ~        ~~ ~~~~~              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..... . . .. .... ..  .  .. . .. . ..  ... . ...
              a~~~~-                                                                                    -~             -       .                                                                                0':
                                               0~~~  0)~~~~~.) ~~~~~    (5  0) ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~e    '~~~~~ ~~~H    0)~..     .      .       .      ..       .....  f......


                                                        A    5.6  .4  .4  .3          1.7                                                         .2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.......   ...  ..

                         Island ~~~~~~~~~  ~~  --     -.      --      20               20      --      --       --      --       --               --      --            Y-             dominated by AA~~~~~~~~~~....... ...  .... W ~ ---4   I- --V- ~ -



    Parsons                                                                                                                                                             A 5B-C,,   Hea   f creek2
    Island                                    52---                                                              --      -        -       -E--O--                                       doiaebyA
25              20.6                                                                                                                                                                                            VI
                       A   11.6    1.4      1.4                       5.3                      1.0

    Parsons            %    5                       --220A2,0B-OD--,F-, DmntdbM
    Island                                                                                                                                                                              wit abnatwl


                       A   37.1   3.4        .                       13.       .        5       1       .5

    Parsons                                                                                                                                                              A-.B-.C-.D-.   Doiae   yA
    Island             %    60       5        3 5--                    5       -       20       5 --            --       -        -        -       2-    E-,-,O-,Y-                     wihaudn


                       A   47.9    4,1       .        .0         16.0                        5.0                        1.6

    Parsons                                                                                                                                                              A-,B-,C-,Y-,   Doiae yA
    Island             %    65       10       4       --      -        5       -        0       5       1-       -        --                       -       -        -    E.--           wihaudn


                       A   27.8    7.1      2.0           13.2                  2      .5       .       .7

    Parcs o n                    0 5          352  -                                                                                               2                      -B-,C-.D-.-,    Pcemas
    Island                                                                                                                                                               E 0 ~ -  --  - -  - -  - -  - -  -,O-,Y-  doiae    y
31  7ie           9.9                                                                                                                                                                    wihaudn                 I
                       A   479.   4.0   2.4                4.0                 1       4.040                                                                                            jeelee


    IsaglnCd- E-, N-,Y-  Lrembad


                       A   468.3   7. .9  436.6                                     72 .6                                                 .7

                            Chicks-   %    65    10  5                 5is                                                -                        -                     B-,C-,D-,E28














                Mars    ...a        ..                                                                                                ....     . .                                        . .... 
                            Location~~~~~~~~cres..  . .   ... . ..               .       .         .        .. . .   nO         I 
                             Mgfth~~~~~~2   0t                                                                                         C 0,x  .               2         a                  0
                                                                                                         *~~~&-'~~~  5  0   00         a                 o,~~~~~~~~~~  -               a         %~w.
                  Chicks-                                                                                                                                                                                 B.......-... D.E-.  Pocke  marh

                                                                                A  2.5  .2  .6  .2               .4                                                        .2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~........


           Chicks-                                                                                                                                                                                       Ai-C-DE.   EPbayet marsh,
           hominly                               --        1         --       -          0        --        -        -                   --       -- 10               --                  --O-Y cypes aossa                              bA



     34   River         36.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                          VII
                                   A    31.7                 .4                          3.6 A


           Total                                                                                                                                                                                          8 4727       
           Section                     54        7         279                                                        3        ---7                                             2-
      T                 1972.6
                                   A   1065.7   133.7    39.4                           140.9              180.8    64.5        9.6                 .3                141.2    38.9                  .4      5.


                                   9'


                                   A









*                              ~~~~~~A






                                   A






                                   A





                                                                                                                                    29










                                                    Section 11

                                       Morris Creek to Tomahund Creek


        This section of shoreline consists of two large creek systems and several creek and pocket marsh areas
found along the Chickahonilny River and contains nearly 900 acres of tidal marsh, which is approximately 22
percent of the county's total. Morris Creek, the larger of the two, is characterized by many creek and pocket marsh
areas as it meanders northwest from the Chickahominy. Many of the marsh areas in the creek system are of
relatively low elevation and are dominated by arrow arurn and pickerelweed (Type VII). Wild rice, one of Virginia's
most important waterfowl foods, is also very abundant. Tomahund Creek is likewise very similar to Morris Creek
with many creek and pocket marsh areas extending landward to areas of tidal and non-tidal swamp.

        Both of these areas, like most of the marsh areas in this region of Charles City County, appear much more
homogenous in the spring as compared to the fall. This is due to the early emergence of arrow arum and
pickerelweed as compared to the later emergence of many of the other species of wetland plants found here. By
September, however, as these arrow-leaf shaped plants begin to die back, the great diversity of other species will be
evident, from the tall swaying heads of wild rice to the bright yellow flowers of beggars ticks.













                                                        31










SECTION II MORRIS CREEK THROUGH TOMAHUND CREEK

   A. MORRIS CREEK

















      >51
                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~4

    60       4      9      O 44
                   46
                    "'N
                                -K'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L
           61~~~~~~









                                    S                                                                                                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GOR



                                                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~5

                                                                       83q





0                                                                                                    o


                                                  /1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7

                    *              /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7



                                                                                                                          JAMES  RIVER

                      SECTIO)    II 
                                   MORRIS CREEK THROUGH _TOMAHUND~                                        I_   ETRS
                                                                                                               DURING
                                             /                                                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~POINTSo      0




                                                                                33

0b










IL. Morris Creek to Tomahund Creek.



                        11  '0  f -41                                                         .                           O~...........
                                          o~~ ~~~             ~    ~~~~        ~~~     ~~     ~~~~~~                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. . .  . . .... . -  -   -- -   '-    -  ~-  --- -- -  -  ,C


                                     A   24~~ ~ ~~~       ~          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.3..0  1..4...  2..4  ..5.  ..5. .5


                                              A    2.3  --            1.0               .6       --      --                                       .1                                     jewelweed~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.   ....  .. ... .


     Morris                                                                                                                                                               D-E.-,-Y   Cree  2marsh  I

35       C      rok4.5                                                                                                                                                                   an   eewe               I



     Morris                                                                                                                                                               C- -Y-         Salpcemrs
    Creek                            -- 25            I-   25          --              --       --   2-                   --      -                                                      ihctal  nitro

                       A  2.3                --                       10.                        -.                                                                                      eewe


     Morris                                                                                                                                                               C-, D-,E-,O25---ringe-andpocket
    Creek       ~            5       -        -       -        -       3        -       1        -       -                -       -                -       -        -mrh   otyA

                       A  17.89.   3.1                                          7       .6 

    Morris                                                                                                                                                               A-C.D.E.-   oktmrh
    Creek              %  90                  2                --              --               --       -       --       -        -       -       -       -        -                     oty~nwl


                       A    4.1               426.

    Morris                                                                                                                                                               C-,D)-,E-,O-.Y-  Cre   as 
    Creek             %    55        1                -                35       --      2        -       1       -                 -       -                -    .-                       oiae    y


                       A  7.9        A       .3                       1.8.4                              1.


     Morris            %      553                                                                                                                                           -C-,D-,E-,O-,Y  Cre   as
    Creek                                                                                                                                                                Y- 73 1    - -    - 5-  - -    - -    - -  oiaeb
40              18.5                                                                                                                                                                                             VI



                       A   13.9    2.2       .4                       1.9               .9                                2.




                                                                                                    34
















              M~arsh    Total-         9            ... ... 
                                                                                             ... .t.....  ...sZr4ations 
              ocatiollAcres                ~.~                                                -TrS.0                                                                    0        0
                                                                                                   ... . ... ...    .. ..........



            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              A-C,-  -OHa   fcekmrh
                   Creek %             60        5        5        -         -       20        --       5        5        --       -                  -        -         -       -         .
  *43                      10.0                                                                                                                                                                                   adhbsuVI

                                A    6.0       .5       .5                         2.0                .5       .5


            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              A-.C-D, 0.E-.O-. Emae    as
            Creek               %      45                 --  --             -        3 0              10        --      --        -         -       -         -        10       -        --    Y-               doisebA
        44                28.6                                                                                                                                                                                                              X

                                A    12.9     1.4                                  8.6                2.9                                                             2.9


            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              D,--Cremas
                 Creek -%             60        4        5         1        --       5        -        5        5      is          --                ---                1-                -
        45                 4.2                                                                                                                                                                                    wihctalsad                I

                                A    2.5       .2       .2        --                .2                .2       .2                                                     .6


            Morris              %          5    5        1                                                                                                               0C-,D-,E-,M-.Y- Cre   as
*Creek                            %       5       5        1         -        -                  -       -                  -        -         -       -         -       1          -       -                       oiae    yP
        46                 2.2                                                                                                                                                                                                              VI

                                A    1.4       .1       .2                          .1                         .1                                                     .2


            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              C-, D-,E-,Y-     Cre   as
            Greek               %      60       5        5         -        --       10       --                 5        --                --       --~-                                  -dmn                             dy
        47                 7.9                                                                                                                                                                                    cyrs   tnsi                I

    0                           ~~~~~~          ~~~~~~~~                                       ~~A 4.7  .4  .4  .8  .4  .4                                     .4        4                                        back


            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              C-,05   05      0-,D-M-,V-    Pcemas
            Creek           ~          6                           -        -         0       -                            .       -         -        -                    
        48                 5.7                                                                                                                                                                                                              VI

                                A    3.4       .3       .3                          .6                .3       .3                                            .3       .3


            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              C-,D-,M-,Y-      Figmas
            Creek               %      60       5         5        -        --       10        --       5        5        -- ~                        -        5        5         -
        49                 4.8                                                                                                                                                                                                              VI

                                A    2.9       .2       .2                          .5                .2       .2                                            .2        .2


            Morris                                                                                                                                                                              A-.0-.M-,Y-      Cekmrhosl
            Creek                %     65       --        2        -        --       10        --       3        5        --                 -        -        -        15        --A.ctal
        so 12.3                                                                                                                                                                                                   truhtVI
                                A    8.0                .2                         1.2                .4       .6                                                     1.8


                                                                                                               35













                                                       =~           ~~~~~~ ~~~~                                                  ~~       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ..  =.... O.    . ...
                     Location  Acres        .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~  e    ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ei~~~~~~~;  ::~~~~~~~~~~  0  (0  0)  -~~~. .........  ...... .  .....                                          0...



                                   .. 3.. . . ..... ..6                                 ..2..                                                        .      .       .      .. A...9..........



                                           A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E .7  .1  .1  .....


    Morris             %     52                                           03AISC-D-,M-.Y-  YLaogcnel
    Creek                                                                                                                                                                                      doiae   yA
    51           5.8 4.9                                                                                                                                                                                               VI

                      A    2.7. 2            ..5.2                                                                                                    .

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                     A5,C-, D-,M-,   Cre as
        Creek         ~~ ~~~        ~~~      ~~% 60  10  5      --      10       --    ~                             -       -                                  -Q.-dominated by A


                      A    2.7      .4       .2                        .4.A2.

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                     A-,C-, M-,M-.Y- Cre   as
    Creek              %    75        3   5        15-                    0       -        5        --                        --                        10      --       -                      oiaeb
53                4.9                                                                                                                                                                          adPVI
                      A    2.07 .   .         2 . 7                    .4                .2                                                           .

    Morris                                                                                         55                                                                          A-,C-,D-M-,-Y  Hedo  re
        Creek %    60                --       5        -         *      10       --'Y 1            -.       5        -                         S       -        -        -


                      A    2.3           .    4           .28.                          1.2                4                                 .2

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                     A-.C-, M-,Q-,Y- Sml   re   as
    Creek              %   75          5   3            1                 5       - 10             -.                    --                          I-          -                             mslAadP


                      A    3.6      -.       --2                       .4               .2                -

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                     A-,C-,M-,Q-,Y- Adoiangwt
    Greek              %     60        2-      3         -10                       10      15                                 --      --                         -        -                     tadfyr


                      A   11.8      .4       .1.8                                       1.8                                                  .9       .9



                                         A .~~~~~~~~~~~~6


                                                        Morris A-,C-,M-,Q-,Y-   AA    dominating~~~~














                                             0z  C                   .t       0                                   2  ~~~~~                  -u                                 -           qta
                 Loaio.crs      .     <~~                g..            2         ...                                                         .......                     .       .     .    thr      .      Osevtins.
                                                        5 ~ ~~ ~~~  ~~~~~~                                                       ~~~~~                      ~~       ~~       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .   .!  ...0 0   ~0 ~  

            Morris                                                                                                                                                                       A-O,-O,-Dmntdb   A
            Creek              %    65         --       2        -       --       20       --       2    I-           1       -        -         -                10      --        -                     bnatctal
  *     59                4.3                                                                                                                                                                                                      VI
                              A    2.8               .1                         .9                A                 -                                           .4


            Morris             %0I2013A45,B-, D-.F-.  YLaogcek
            Creek                              --       1        -        -       2                          -        -                                   --                        -    0-.?-           ineirP,~n
       60                8.4                                                                                                                                                                             wlrieX
                                                                                                                                                                          A3.8
                              A    2.5               .1                        1.7                .1                                                           .3


            Morris             %      5        2        31                                                                                                         0Alo, B-, D-,F-,  YLaogcek
           Creek        ~             5       2        3        -        -       1         -       S        -        --                         -       -         0       -        -    0-.'-           itroPW an
       61                9.4                                                                                                                                                                             widrc                     I
                                                                                                                                                                          A.9
                              A    5.2      .2       .3             1.4                          .5                                                            .9

           Morris             %72225A-,C-,M-,0-,Y- Cre   as
*Creek                          56    7                                    -      2         -        -       -         -       -         -       -        -        1       -         -dmntdb   W
       62               14.4                                                                                                                                                                             AanwidrcVI
                              A   10.1      .3       .3                        3.6                                                                              .

           Morris                                                                                                                                                                       A25,D-,Y-        Mas   sadfre
           creek              %    45        -.                 -       *        25       --                -        .--                       ---                                                       ontdlfa
       63                2.0                                                                                                                                                             AXl

                              A   .9                                            .5               .1

           Morris             %       54                                                  -5C-,D-,F-,Y-                                                                                                  Salpcemrs
           Creek                                       -        --       -       40---                                        -        .-      -        --        -       --       -motymiewh
       64                .8                                                                                                                                                                              widrc                     I
                              A     .4                                          .3                         -

           Morris                                                                                                                                                                        D-.V-           Cre   as
           Creek               96   60        5        4        1                         -.       -                 --                         .       .        10       --       -                      oiae   yP
       65                6.7                                                                                                                                                                             anA                       I
                              A    4.0       .3      .3       .1                .9                         .3                                                   .7

           Morris                                                                                                                                                                        C-. F-, M-,Y-    Pcemas
*Creek                          %                                --                20               --                         --                -        ---                                             dmntdbA.
       66                7.4                                                                                                                                                                             cpesamotVI
                              A    4.1               111.5                                                 .4                                                   .4

                                                                                                        37













                                     V~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. .....
                         M~~~~~~~~~~                                                      ... ..  ...
       Marsh   ~Total                          .                         .... .....
                                                                      0  0  'E.  =  E     *      o.....     0       o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~  a~......
                                                                      00  ~~~~~~S  (3  (1) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~  0  "~~~~~~~  ~~~f-~~~~~  0  01-      C)       0        0                -.1..........-ir'tin


    Morris                                                                                                                                                                           A-,,D-, F-,M-,    Crook marsh, AA with
    Creek               %     55        5                 --       -        20       --       S        -         -       -         -       -        -        10                --    0-,R-,Y-        abundant wild rice
67                16.9  -  -                                                                                                                                                                                                   VII
                       A    9.3       .8       .8                         3.4               .8                                                             1.7

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                           D-.O-.Y-        Dominated by AA
    Creek               %     65        5        --       -        --       15       --       10       --       -                  -       -                           -       -                      with wild rice,
68                29.6                                                                                                                                                                                scattered cattails       ViI
                       A    19.2     1.5                                  4.4               3.0                                                            1.5


    Morris              %            o     -     52                                            05C-.F-. M-,Y-    Creek marsh
    Creek                     6         --       5         -       --       2        --       1        --       -        --       -         --                                 --dominated by AA,
69                40.4                                                                                                                                                                                stands of cattails       ViI
                       A    24.2              2,0                        8.0                4.0                                                            2.0

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                           C-,Y-            Pocket marsh, AA
    Creek               %     60        --       S         -       -        25       --       --       --5 -                               -                           -                              mixed with cattails
70                 1.6                                                                                                                                                                                                          Vii 
                       A    1.0                A1                         .4                                                                      .1       .1

    Morris                                                                                                                                                                           A-, 8-,K-, N-,R-  Extensive marsh,
    Creek               %     45        5       20                 --       15                10       --       --       -        -        -                                                          mostly AA
71               70.2                                                                                                                                                                                                           xi
                       A    31.6     3.5  14to                           io.s               7.0                                                            3.5


    Morris              %      0        5       1                              555A-, 0-. R-,Y-    Creek marsh and
    Creek               %     5         5        10        -        -       2         .-                        ..-                         --                                  -                     upstream pocket,
72                30.7                                                                                                                                                                                 mostly AA                VII
                       A    15.4     1.5      3.1                         7.7               1.5                                                            1.5


    Morris              %                 5        -                -       3 5A-,C-, F-,M-.Y- AA mixed with wild
    Creek         ~            5        -         -       -         -       3         -       -         -       -         -       -         -       -         5        -        -rice, cattail and
73                9.2                                                                                                                                                                                  cypress                  xi

                       A    4.1                                           2.8                                                                              2.3

    Chicka-                                                                                                                                                                          B3-,M-,R-,Y-    PW and AA mixed
    ho miny             96    45       2    0    -.       ---                                 15       --       5        --       -         -        -       15                                       with stands of cattails
74  River         32.2                                                                                                                                                                                                          xi
                       A    14.5                                          6.4               4.8               1.6                                          4.8













                                            '0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... .c 
                                                                      .C                                                               ~        0 ~........


                                             ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Q~~~~~..... A... L...C   ................. 
                                                       Lt               a     -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  E  0  0            0  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~......0..
                                                               04    0)0  fl  0  (1)     0)       -s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~k-  3~~~~~~~~  0)  01-  C  0  0    0).....    I..- ......... .........
                                               Chicks-                                                                                                                                    B-,R-,Y-         Embayed marsh,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... 
                                                                %  45  -  10  --  --  10          20       5        5         --      --       --        S        --               --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...  ...
                ...... ....                           ....otl-A




            Pointa              %   45          5       15 0-                      10        --      20        5       10                 --       -        -        -        --        -diepralycos
        76       5        3.0vmouth                                                                                                                                                                                           8l




                                A    1.1       .2      .5                          .3                .6       .2       .3


            Chicks-                                                                                                                                                                          C-.J-.N-.S-     Poktmrh
                 hominy %             35        5       15        -        --       5        -       20        - -  20                    --       -        -        - 

        77  River         15.4                                                                                                                                                                                acosmuhX
                                A    5.4       .8      2.3                         .8               3.1               3.1


            Toma-                                                                                                                                                                            B-,o --.2-40-25Fringe.marsh
*hund                      ~             0       -                  -       -         0       -                  -       5        -         -        -        -        1        -        -dmntdbA
        78  Creek         7.3                                                                                                                                                                                 an   idrc                 I

                                A    3.7                .1                        2.9                .1                .4                                           .


            To ma-              %     5  40 IN-.Q-.Y-                                                                                                                                                         Cre   asA
            hund                %      0        --       3        -        --      4         --       5        -        1        --       -        --       -        1        --       -mieihidic
        79  Creek         15.8                                                                                                                                                                                                         VI
    *                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                                                                ~       ~~~~~~~~~A 7.9  .5  6.3  .8  .2               .2


            Toma-               %     6                   -2                                           0-1                                                                                   N-,O-,Y-         Doiae   yM
            hund                                                                                                                                                                                             sctee   atis
        80  Creek         7.2                                                                                                                                                                                 hbsuanwidrc VI

                                A    4.3                                          1.4                .7                                                             .7


0Toma-                            %     540 3M-, N-,O-,Y-    Figmasotl
            hund                96    5                  -        1        -        0        -                 -        -        -         -       -         --                                      ~nwlrc
        81  Creek          1.7                                                                                                                                                                                                         VI

                                A     .9       --                                  .7.11


            Tome-                                                                                                                                                                            Y-               Sml   oktmrh
            hund                96    60        --      15        -.       -        5         -       -        .        -                  -       -        -        20                --mslA
  *82  Creek                .5                                                                                                                                                                                                          VI
                                A     .3                A                          -                                                                                .

                                                                                                            3 9








                                                                                                              ........ .....  .. . .........





     Marsh.  Total          '.         .       .     . . .                                              0Ohr
    Locationt Acre        . .        . ...   .~~.                                                                       s,        ~       0       0E5 t 
             ......       0 .                                                                                   -
                                        94~~~~~                     -    .0..  .... .a1-9M0                                                            0       1
    Tom a-                  5         -       53                                                                                                    0J,-
    hund                             ---                       --                                -       -                         -      -        0       -        -A   n  idrc
83  Creek        1.7                                                                                                                                                                                            VI
                     A    .9               .1                        .5                                                                         .2

    Toma-                                                                                                                                                                M-'Y-          Cre   asmsl
    hund                             --     4     5            -       35       -       3        --      --                        -15                     --       -~nwlrc
84  Creek        1.5                                                                                                                                                                                            X
                     A    .7               --.5                                      --.2


    To ma-                                                                                                                                                               B-,M-    4     Creek0marsh, mostly
    hund         ~                            02                                                                                                                        ~nwlrc
85  Creek        6.2                                                                                                                                                                                            VI
                     A    3.4      .2      .6                       1.2               .3      .1                                                .3

   Toma-                                                                                                                                                                B-. M-,Y-      Simas
    hund               %          6  0                --       -        2 0             10       --     --                -       -----dmnt by
86  Creek         .6                                                                                                                                                                     an   idrc               I
                     A    .4       --       -                        11

   Tome-                                                                                                                                                                B-. E-. M-.Q-,Y- Cre   asgae
    hund               %    55       10     l    a    -.       -       10       --      1        -       -                         --                       -tulnsrb
87  Creek        3.8                                                                                                                                                                                            VI
                     A    2.1      .4      .4                        .4               .6


    Toma-                            1 5    is   20                    10       --      10       -        -B-,C-,E-,M-,R-. Head of creek,
    hund                                                                                                         -        -       -        --      -       -        -    Y-             motyA
88  Creek        5.2                                                                                                                                                                                             X
                     A    2.3     .8       1.0                       .5               .5


   hund-              %    55       5        5       1        --      30       --      --   a           --FtY -                  -3                      --audnwdie
89  Crook        4.4                                                                                                                                                                                            VI
                     A    2.4      .2      .2       --              1.3..1

   Toma-                                                                                                                                                                82. D-,L-, M-,   Amiewthil
    hund               %    60       5       15       2        --      15       -       1                                                           -      -             R-,Y-          rie  iics  ati
90  Creek        2.6                                                                                                                                                      B. 1
                     A    1.6     .1       .4       .1               .4

                                                                                             40














                      Marsh~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~           . ... .......    ~.  .   .... .                 .                         .                                  .......                               Obevain  .............. .... .........
                                               6<~~~~~~                                                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... .~  .. . .  _.....
                                          Location~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~cres  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  cD  .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~  3  r  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~    0  -i  S ~~~~~~~~~~~....  . . .   .   .   . . .   ...z
                                                                                       t ~~~        ~~~~~~~~~~~. .. .. . at .......    




                                            A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~z 2.8Jb~ .  .2     .3                                                          .....


           Toma-                            4                                       551                                                                                                -K,-R,-
           hund         ~            0       -                 -       -         5       -                 -       1-                        -2                                       -R,-sadoctal
       91  Creek   643.                                                                                                                                                                                                        l

                             A   17.2              .3                        15.2              1.3               .8.6

           Tmea-                                                                                                                                                                     B-.C-,D-.M-,    DmntdbA,
           hund                     45                 0    II          -       10       --      2 0 -                               -       --                5       -             NS,-,R-Y-       bi   odr
       92  Creek    4 3.0                                                                                                                                                                             dontemX
                             A   1702.4 .5. 1.                                         .3      .4               8 2                                         .6


           Tome-           4        2                  012I25B-,C-,D-,M-,   PcemasA
*hund                                         1                 -       -         -       1        2       -        --                        -       -                 -N5,'?-Y
       93  Creek    2 3.2                                                                                                                                                                            catis

                             A  10.4       --   2A                    2-                       A                 .2 .1


           Toma-                                                                                                                                                                     C-, D, MN30,  2AA 45ixedCwithbig
           hund               96    4N-               1        -       --       -        -       S        -        ---                       -        -       1         -R,Y-                        codrs
      94  Creek        35.6                                                                                                                                                                                                  X

                             A   216.              3                                           .1.                             2.1

          Toma-                                                                                                                                                                     B-,D-,E-M-,N0  AAmxdwt  i
           hund               96   305                15      ---                        -        S       -        -       -                  -       -       10       -             N0R-,Y-         codrs
      96  Creek    35.6                                                                                                                                                              NIl7

                             A  13.0               11.9                                        4.0                             3.6

          Tome-                                                                                                                                                                      820,C    -, D-, E-,Y-  AAmxdwt
           hund               96 4N40-                                 -         0       --       -        --                                 -       -                -        - F.-,N1Y-    hbsuanwidrc
      97  Creek    79.1                                                                                                                                                                                                       X
                                                                                                                                                                        831.1,N6
                             A   23.7              16. .0 5.7. .9

          Chick-                                                                                                                                                                     8-.C-,D0-, E-,M-, AAke  mixed with



hoin 96   30                                  --       5        -                 .       --      15        -       -                 .       -       30       20       --       -
       98  River        6.4                                                                                                                                                                          ivddX

                             A    1.9               .3                                         1.0                                                 1.9      1.3


                                                                                                      41













                                                         0-z  .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.  0  0  0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..... ... ..... . ...
                         .~~~~~~~~~~.<..  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..    .  -                                                0  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.  0  0                                                             I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ... .
                                       .........~                                                                                          .~   ..0                          .  ....e..
          Location   Acres              -                                          -                                              o  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  0 ~~~~~~~~~~M 0-2   
           ~~  00   ~Z   .0                        o                                -~~ ~.. ....... 140. ...


             A    436~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~    ~~~~~~~.1  1.9 7.1  .25.56..7                          5.2       1.0                     .3                  5..4       6..7


....A.. --..... 


                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fAl.....

                                                                 ... ..............   .     .                    .         .          .                   .         .        .         .        .                  .       .        . . . .    .. . ...
             A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ....


                    A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....


    ~~~~~~~~  ~A  ag












A




                         A~~~~~~~~~~~~4



                                                                 %~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~











                                                            Section III

                                                Dancing Point to Kittewan Creek


                 This section includes a large section of Charles City shoreline which borders the James River upstream
        from the Chickahominy River' Because of the strong wave and tidal current action of the James River, few
        freshwater marshes are able to exist along the shoreline itself. Instead they are found in various creek and pocket
*      ~~marsh areas with long stretches of nonvegetated wetlands between. They total approximately 440 acres or 10
        percent of the tidal marsh in the county. Longshore transport of sediments eroded from upland banks along the
        river create beach areas which restrict flushing to many of the small pocket marshes. Most of these marshes are,
        however, flooded irregularly at highest tidal levels and therefore would be considered tidal wetlands by Virginia's
        definition. Those with a more substantial beach berm that appeared to limit tidal flushing completely were excluded
*      ~~from this inventory.

















                                                                 43







SECTION III:' DANCING ?  T THROUGH KITTEWAN CREE 
   A.  DA'NCING POIn TO LOWER TREES POINT










            \      of  * //        /         4,







       0 X   <   000         NY POINT





                           44
                     4                    //

                            / NN~~~~~~-.tC===_Z_,-ï¿½---

        iCS~~~ /,                                                 9 
             ~~~//'& '

           d4~~~~~~~~~~~~~S~D ON








SECTION III
  ""B.  LOWER TREES lPOINT T  KENNON MARSH


               __                         )~~~~~0




              tj~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~







                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/10






      KE~ION M RSH 




                                    102




               4~~~~~~~~RE
              ME~~~~~~~OUTREES












'~SECTION


                                                                               1~~~07






                                            110~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
















                                                                            METER~~~S




                                      46










      Ill. Dancing Point to Kittewan Creek.



            Marsh~ Total.~         -     0          14                                            4        '         ~             1       4
           Location  "Acres    .    .                                              ...        .         .        ~        S~      ...1             w       aOtesOsrvtos
                                :2     z:        .          .     .                             .1   ..   ..                                        .      .    ..                       .- ...... ........


           Dancing           %     .               55                                              5       155E-, M-, R-,Y-    Large pocket marsh,
           Point                          --      2        -       -       -       -                        5      -        -      -        --                      -road across front
 *    99               8.7                                                                                                                                                                                    xi
                            A   3.9              2.2                                     .4      .4      1.3                                      .4

           James             %72                                                20---5F-, M-                                                                                            Pocket marsh open
           River      ~            0       2       3       -       --                       0      -        --                     -                        -to river via narrow
      100              1.1                                                                                                                                                              channel               VI[
                            A  .8         -      -                                        .2                                              .

           James                                                                           10      -        -      -        -       -      1                -       -     -,F-,M-.T-,Y- Pocket marsh
           River             %                     --     -- --           25               1                                                0surrounded by
      ioi              3.4                                                                                                                                                              swamp                 VII
                            A    1.7     .2                              .9              .3                                               .3

           Lower             %     0    -          551                                                                                      0B-,C-.Y-                                   Marsh surrounded by
*         ~~~~Trees          %      0      --      1       --       -       5       -      10       -       ---                     --      1       --       -      --cypress swamp
      102 Point        2.7                                                                                                                                                                                     VII
                            A    1.6             .4                      .1              .3                                               .3

          Oldfield                                                                                                                                                      C5,F-,Y-       Pocket marsh open
                            %    55               -.      -               -       -       --      -       -        - --  --               15      15      --       10                  to river via narrow
      103              2.9                                                                                                                                                              channel                V11
                                                                                                                                                                    0.1
                            A    1.6                                                                                                      .4      .4              .3

           Kennon            %     0       -       5-                         02  -C-. D-. E-, F-, M-. Mostly AA grading to
          Creek             %     0       -                -      -        -      -        0      -        -       -       -       -       0       5       -Y-                         areas of cypress
      104             21.5                                                                                                                                                                                     VII
                            A   12.9             1.1                                     2.2                                              4.3     1.1

           Kennon                                                                                                                                                        0-0 -.'?-      Head of creek
          Creek             %    55       5       15      -       --      5       --      5                -       --      -       -       10      5       -       --dominated by A
      105             24.2                                                                                                                                                              mixed with wild rice   VII
                            A   13.3    1.2      3.6                     1.2             1.2                                              2.4     1.2

           Kennon                                                                                                                                                        C. 60-- 3  -2  52C,-E-. N-,'?- Mostly AA with
          Creek             %    6        --      3       -       --      -       --      2        --      -       -       -15                     2       -       --scattered cypress
      106             10.2                                                                                                                                                                                     VII
                            A   6.1              .3                                      2.0                           j1.5                       .2

                                                                                                    47














                         . j...     .     .      .     .     .     .      .    .     .     .    .     . ~           ~         0       0 
                                                          .....~~~~~~~~~S                                                    ..       ..      .. ..   ..  ................

                                                                 -  .    0  '-    -  0.  -  0                                  -       6                       -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~........  ..... .......
                                        O-<~~~~ ~~~  ~~      ~~~~~                   ~~~~~                          ~~~~      ~~~~                    ~~~~~~~~~..... . . . . . . . . . . ~ w  t- C    - 


                                            A   12.7  .5  3.8         .8              3.8                                             3.8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... .... ..... ...
                          Mapisco                                                                                                                                  C-,E-,F-,M-,FI-. Creek marsh~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ......   ........... ....... 





         Tyler %           so      2 .      15       --              5   3   -       10       -               -       -       -15             --     D--      F-
  17Creek                                                         25ade  to swamp 

                        A   12.70    .       3.5                     1.2             2.4                                              3.5


    Maitewa                                                                                                                                                        D-, E-. F-,M-.R- Lag    ae
    Creek             %    60               5 -     --      -       5        --      15     -.       --      -        -      -        0      5                - N-R,-              mrhdintdb0


                        A  25.9  2.2                   2.2                     4      .3                       86.                            32

                                              Kittewan                                                                                                               B-,C2.D-,E-,   Dominated by AA,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0,F,-,-Y-Hado cek
         Mapisco%    50             10       2       10 --                    -      2       5       -        -       1       -      15               -       -    FM
    Creek                                                                                                                                                            ,    2Y       ctee  yrs
111             23.36tnd                                                                                                                                                                                  I
                        A   13.0     .    3.5        .2              121.4                    1.                       23.5                    .


     Kittewan                                                                                                                                                       B-,C1SD--,E-,- MarshD gradesMto
    Creek                                                                                                                                                          FM--Y-         sapocyrs

      11~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8932 3 52.97                                                             6nd 3umV2


     Kittewan                                                                                                                                                       B-,CS,D-. E-, F-  oiae   yA
     Creek%    50                    5 1-                    -       20 1             5        -      -       -       -        -      1        2       --           FM-,R-,-V,Y-  wihctee
    11325.3                                                                                                                                                                       cypress stands         VI

                        A   112.   2.2    .4                         52 .1            1.43     .                      .23.3    1.


     Kittewan               5        0          3235-                                                                     -1                                        B-,C-5,D-,E-,F-  DmntdbM
    Creek                                                                                                                                                          F-5 -  - -  -    - S -  -  5,- - M-,R-.Y-  wtaudn
112             525                                                                        C.9                                                                                     ctisVI




                        A  1072.8 2.3.8  8.                                            .                                               .4     1.2





                                                                                                     48













                                                                                                     -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~abr             I-r                                   . 
            Marsh,  Total                                                                                                                                               EE ee ~ .0       
          Location  Acresr   .          M(                   .... ... .                                                               .  ....0..
                                                                                          E, ..                     .e                  ... ..    .           ...        .    .     ter      .      beraios
                                                                                             ... . .                         .                           0 .
                           St            e          2      .50                                      a.....            o      0         ..      >...            . ..

          Kittewan                5                                                                        231                                                                A-. B5.C-. F-,   Dominated by AA
          Creek       ~            5       5       5        -       -       5        2       -                -       -        -                5       5       -M.,RV-                     with cypress, button
*    115              46.7                                                                                                                                                                   bush                   VI
                                                                                                                                                                                  B2.3
                             A   25.7    2.3      2.3                      2.3      .9               1.4                                      7.0     2.3

          James                                                                                                                                                               B3, E-, F-, M-,   Pocket marsh
          River             %      5       --      2        -       -       5        5       --      S        --      -                        20       5       -       -    R-,Y-           surrounded by
     116              4.5                                                                                                                                                                    swamp                  VI
                                                                                                                                                                                  B.1I
                             A    2.5              A                        .2      .2               .2                                        .9      .2

         Total              %     5       4       55-                                                                                          3       53
          section        ~        5                                                  -       8        1       -                -1 
      r   Il l    439.3
                                                                                                                                                                                  12.5
                             A  241.7   16.2    22.3    1.3                22.7    1.1    33.9    3.1        1.3              .2              59.2    22.9              .3




   *~~~~~~~



                             A




                                         A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



                             A




                             A



                             A





                                                                                                            49











                                                             Section IV

         0                                ~~~~~~~~~Weyanoke Point to Ducking Stool Point


                  Tidal marsh areas along this reach of James River shoreline are restricted to three large creek marsh
         systems. They comprise 665 acres or 16 percent of the county's total. All of the marsh areas are dominated by
         freshwater marsh vegetation consisting of arrow arum/pickereiweed communities (Type VII). These open marsh
*       ~~zones are, however, interspersed with both tidal and non-tidal swamp forest areas. In the most landward sections of
         the marshes sediments trapped by the vegetation are gradually raising the elevation allowing swamp species to
         predominate. In most cases the balance between sea-level rise and sediment accumulation will determine the
         surface elevation and therefore the type of vegetation present.

  *             ~~~~Presently these marshes are not being directly impacted by man; however, there is some evidence of
         previous manipulation by man for agriculture and other activities. Herring Creek was once the site of attempts at
         rice culture, and the remnants of dikes used to limit tidal inundation are still present. Many areas of swamp have
         also been extensively logged, resulting in few old stands of bald cypress or other swamp trees. Other areas have
         been dammed to provide wintering waterfowl habitat.













                                                                  51









  SEC 0  IV  WEYANOK[ PT. TO D CKIN / TOOL PT.

       A. WEYANOKE POINT










FtCOWERDEW







       0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11



















     0 ~    ~~o I 0     1000                             /










         SECTION IV       -
              B. QUEENS CREEK







                                        *1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2



                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~161



0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3




           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~10







                                                                  53







                                       II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
C.  HERRING/I C E

                                                                      i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
                       ~~~~~~~~~~137


                                                                                                   r~~~~~~






                                                    IG~~~~~ 144 ~~~~~~~~8~~~~3~~~3~~~ '1    0~~~~~~  500    18000
                                                                                         133                132



                                                                               DUCKING STOOL PO00T
                                                                                                       DUCKLERS POINT
             JAMES RIVER


                                                 54











    IV. Weyanoke Point to Ducking Stool Point.


                                                                                  .~~~                                ***..           .....

         'Location  Acrs l       i    0       s:xi ~                                                                ~                                 .      ZOtesOsrain 
                  Marsh~~~~~~~ ~~ ......                             73- 0...t:  .o    . .    .:   .  ......                C~ 


              Weya0                   00         6     0      0         2     0                              0 5t 5          CW-
         Wasn66ok-e-                                           -        0~                             -      -        -      -       -               -      -    - H,-K,-  Large creek marsh,

*    117 Point      147.0                                                                                                                                                        mostly AA             ViI
                         A   88.2    7.4                            29.4    7.4    7.4    7.4


        Weyas8                         51                                     -       5A-.G-.J-,K-,M- Fringe marsh
         noke           ~                       -       -       -      1       --                      -      -        -      -       --                      -dominated by AA
    118 Point       1.0                                                                                                                                                         grades to cypress     ViI
  *                      ~~ ~~~        ~~~A .8  A1                     1              .1


         Olds                  8                                                      15D-,F-,M-,Y-    Fringe grades to
         Point          ~                               -      -        -1                     -      -        -      -       -       -       -cypress, swamp
    119             .5behind swamp                                                                                                                                                                    VII

                         A    .4      --1


        Queens           %      54                                                                                                                                 _Pocket marsh
        Creek                          -       --      -      --      4       ---                     --                     -       -       -      -                           dominated by A
    120              .8                                                                                                                                                         and wild rice         ViI

                         A    A                                      .       4       -


        Queens                                                                                                                                                   C-. 0   0     0-. -F-  Fringe marsh
        Creek                  5       5       --      -              10      -      10      5       --.                     ---                                                dominated by AA
    121             .5                                                                                                                                                                                 Vil



        Queens                                                                                                                                                    C-,   1   1    0-.D E2,F-,   Creek marsh
        Creek         ~                                -      -        5      .       5       -               -      -               -       -       -       - M-.R-.Y-         dominated by A
    122             17.7                                                                                                                                                                               VII
                                                                                                                                                         E.4
                         A   9.7      .9     .9                     2.7             2.7             .5

        Queens                                                                                                                                                   A-. B-,C5,D-.  Fringe marsh
        Creek            96 70                 -       -      -       10      --      15     --      -        .      -        -      -       .       -       - E-,F-,M-,R-,Y- dominated by AA
    123             2.0                                                                                                                                                                               VII
                                                                                                                                                         C.1
                         A    1.4                                    .2              .3


        Queens           %        0 51                                                0       5 52A3,C-,D-,E-,   Dominated by AA,
        Creek       ~           0      5       -       -      -        0      -        0      5      5       -        -      -        -      2       -       - F-,M-,R-Y-    grades to swamp
    124             9.0                                                                                                                                                                                VII
                                                                                                                       I                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~A.3
                         A   5.4      .5                             .9             .9      .5      .5                                      .2


                                                                                             55













                                     .. ....... ip~~~ .
       Marsh    Total             2-                                             4'         '                                                                                                                                                 .
                                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M                      3....   ... .. u.  .  .                  ... .... 
                                                  5- ~ ~~~~~                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ...... .  .-  . .   - .   .                     ....
                                                          .-S-    4'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  4'  0. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  4' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  0  ~~~~~~~~~~~  >.  4'                                                    .               4'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..  .   ...


     Queens                       01                                                                 0AO 5D-E,
     Creek                                                                                                                                                                                      F-.M-. FR.Y.    mrhdintdb
125                10.6                                                                                                                                                                                           AVI
                        A    6.4                                             1.6                 1.1

     Queens                                                                                                                                                                                     A-.B-.C-,D-,    Doiae    yA
     Creek                %      65       --        --                 --                  --5- -                                          --       -                   -                       E-,F-,M-,R-,Y-  wihaudnwl
126                42.3                                                                                                                                                                                           rcVI
                        A    27.5                                            8.5                 2.1      2.1                                             2.1


     Queens               %6255- --B-,C-,D-,E-,    Doiae    yA
     Creek                                                                                                                                                                                      F-. M-. R-.Y-     wtabnntil
127                 5.1                                                                                                                                                                                           rc                          I

                        A    3.3                                             1.3                 .3                  .3


     Gunns                %           4                                           011                                                                                                           C-. D-,E5,F-,    Doiae    yA
     Run          ~                 ~      3-                           --                           0        -                   -        -         -       1                   -J-,M-.R-,Y-                     mxdwtcyrs
128                12.4                                                                                                                                                                                            stnsX
                                                                                                                                                                           EX6
                        A    5.6        .4       .6                          2.5                 1.2                 .11.2                                          .1

     Gunns                                                                                                                                                                                      C5,D-,E-,F1,   Doiae    yA
     Run                  %     55         3         4        -        -0                  --                 3         2                      -- I - -       -        1         -              M-,RY-           grdsow
129                20.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                      VI
                        A    11.2       .6       .8                          4.1                 1.0       .6        .4                                             .2                 .2    C1.0,F.2


     Gunns                %      0      -     -     I1                                               0        525---B-,C-, D-, E2,Y-, Creek marsmie
     Run                  %       0        -                  -        -          5        *         0        5         2        -         -        -                   -        -         -    F-,J-,M-,N-,R-  with cypresan
130                17.9                                                                                                                                                                                            gu                         I
                                                                                                                                                                           E.4
                        A    10.7                .2                          2.7                 1.8       .9        .4                           ~

     Gun ns               %9                                                                         5--10B-,C-,D-,E5,F-, Y-'
     Run          ~               5        -                   -       -                   -        1          -        -         .        -         -       1          -        -         -    J,-NSR, Dmntdb~
131                22.8 
                        A    10.3                1.1                         1.1                 3.4                                                      2.3                                 E1.1,N3.4        species

     Gun ns                                                                                                                                                                                      E-, F-,J-,M-,R-, Pcemas
     Run                  %     60             --  --         --                                                            -- ---         -         -                           -        -    Y-                 doiaebA
132                 1.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                       VI
                        A     .6                                              .1.2                                                                                  .2

                                                                                                      56














              Marsh   gotal        ..'    .w         .       ..        .     .      .     .     .     .     .    .     .
             Location, Acres                .....                                                                ....                                                        .  . .. ..  .  .. .. .~  OthsOeva n
                                           ~~~~~~~~~~_D.0    ... ...                                                    J= .    .. . ..    .~  .   .  .  .                             ...
                      ...  ~       .S . .    a                          .              *E        4       )                         ......


            Herring                          -- 100                                                                                                                                Y_- - -- -  -  AA fringe borders
            Creek                                                                                                                                                                                  swamp of gum and
  *    133                1.9                                                                                                                                                                      cypress                 VII
                               A    1.9

            Herring                                                                                                                                                                C 51332    -, D-,ElF-,   Dominated by AA,
            Creek                    6        1       3        -       -        3       --       0       --       -        -       -        --      2        5       -        -- M-,Y-             cattails in interior
       134               6.2                                                                                                                                                                                               VIi
                                                                                                                                                                              E. 1
                               A    4.0      .1       .2                       .2               1.2                                                .1       .3

            Herring            %      02                                                                  5C-, E-,M-,Y-    Dominated by AA
            Creek              %      0       -        -       -        -       -        -      2         5       -        -       -        -       -        -       -        -with overstory of
       135              11.7                                                                                                                                                                       bidens                  VII
                               A    5.9                                                         2.9     2.9

            Herring                                                                                                                                                                C 51     1    1,D-,E3,V-,Y- Dominated by AA
*          ~~~~Creek                                                                                                                                                                               grades to interior of
       136              18.8                                                                                                                                                                       swamp                   VII
                               A   12.2    1.9                                          .8      1.9      .9      .4                                                                C.2,E.6

            Herring            %      5      1                              0- -C-, D-, E-,M-,   Dominated by AA
            Creek              %     5       10       -        -       -        5       10-                                -        -       --                       -             V20,Y-          with abundant millet
 40   137                6.0                                                                                                                                                       V12VII
    0                         ~~~~~~        ~~~~A 3.3  .6                      .3       .6

            Herring            %    5         01                                                                                                                                   C-,D-,E-,F-,K-, Y-
            Creek                                                                                                                                                                  M-,R-,VlO,W-  Dominated by AA
       138               5.2                                                                                                                                                                       grades to swamp         VII
                                                                                                                                                                              V.5
                               A    2.6      .5                                         .5      .5       .3      .3

            Herring            %    60       15       -                .        .       10       -       --       *                 -       --.                      -             C-,D-, E-,F-,    Creek marsh
            Creek                                                                                                                                                                  M_'V15'Y-       dominated by AA
       139               8.0                                                                                                                                                                                               VII
                                                                                                                                                                              V1.2
                               A    4.8     1.2                                         .8

            Herring                                                                                                                                                                C.45E-.M-.R25   Dominated by AA
0           C~~~~reek           %     5       1         -      -         -       .        0       *        5       -        --                                         -V1O,Y-                      with overstory of
       140              12.5                                                                                                                                                                       bidens                  xi
                                                                                                                                                                              V1.3
                               A    5.6     1.3                                        1.3              3.1

                                                                                                          57















                   locatlort~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ores~~~~~~~.   .   .                  .....-                                                                                                                                                        *

                        Herring~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... C.. D. ....-                                                                                                                              Coemas

                                           A  8~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.5  ..5...       ..       5..1       ..2.
      Haerrin                                                                                                                                                                                           01. -,-,-, Crekmas


                                         A~~~~~ ~~~~~~                                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 4.6  .8  ..  1..2

        Cek                                           --        -          -        1          -        1                                        -        ---       --        --         -F.J-M...,Y   ovErstryfbien



     Herring                      B0        1                                                                    3                                                                                       -,C2D-.E1,F,    DmntdbA, 
     Creek                                                                                                                                                                                              M,-V,-
141                 125.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                               i
                            A    62.9       63       131.25.                                                               2.5                                               2.5                 6.3    M25

     Herring                                                                                                                                                                                            CS, E-,F10  -,--  Dominated by. FAA

142   on            57.3                                                                                                                                                                                  2. 
                            A    43.63       8. 11.5

     HaesDEF,-                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mrs fringe  P an
     rieer                                  -- 50 5    --                           15        -         10                  --        --        --        F- --                        --                                 Wflarea
146                  2.8                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Vi
                            A     31.42      .                                      9.4                 9.4                                                                   .1 .` 


     Herrion       g       %      57         4         1                            14        2         10    --    2                            2                            1                   1       -C,-E,


                            A   374.9      28.2      5.129.4                                 1142       5.2      28.         .5                  2.6                        63.                  9.6







                                                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Stol











                                                             Section V

                                           Harrisons Landing to Turkey Island Creek


                  This reach of shoreline is largely unvegetated except for several pocket and creek marsh areas and contains
         only 87 acres or 2 percent of the total county acreage. As with most of the tidal marsh in Charles City County, arrow
         arum/pickerelweed community (Type V1I) predominates. In some areas, however, the abundance of this community
0       ~~falls below 50 percent, and the marsh community is then classified as freshwater mixed (Type XI). Small fringe
         areas of freshwater marsh vegetation are scattered along the remaining James River shoreline, although
         individually they are less than one-quarter acre in size and therefore are not included in the marsh total. For
         illustration, they are drawn in exaggerated scale on the map plates.

  0             ~~~~The Eppes Creek area marks the most significant gravel mining area along the Charles City shoreline.
         Gravel deposits laid down by the ancestral James River are today buried under more recent deposits of silts and
         clays that have formed as the ancestral James River was drowned by sea-level rise. Swamp forest and tidal marsh
         vegetation is today found growing over these deposits, and mining or dredging of the gravel requires the destruction
         of the overlying vegetation. Many wetland areas in the upper James such as the Eppes Creek area have been
0       ~~historically impacted by these mining activities. Today, however, wetlands legislation provides a review process
         where the economic gains of the sand and gravel mining may be balanced against the loss of the valuable wetland
         habitat.











                                                                 59








                                            N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
SECTION  V   HARRISONS  L                  URKEY  ISLAND  CREEK
    A.   HARRISONS  LAN~ INT    ~ ISON PINT                             // 


                       KIMA~ }LL



                           17                 i










                4               ~~~~JAMES  RIVER
         --TRS



                                                                                            HARRISONS LANDI)NG



                                            60










            SECTION                                SFRL[Y
                 B.         PIES  ISLAD


     BERMUDA HUJNDRED                                                                                                                  156








                                                          EPPES ISLAND







     CITY PONTJ
                                                                                                                           METERS
0                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~JAMES RIVER                                                           5000






                                                                    61

















                                  GRANVLLE













                  RKEY~~~~~~~~~10                ISLN



((SECTIONg WI








~?C.   URKEY  LAND CREEK










       V. Harrisons Landing to Turkey Island Creek.

                                                       .. .........                      .                                                                                

                                             ~..... ...:.:..V  -- ~                                                                                                               .. -
                                           .... .... ... .....4                .....-
                                                                                                  0 ~~~~~~    0  OF-  ~~~~~~~~~~~    0    0)-   4    .0.~~~~~~~~~~~~~ï¿½  
                   Point~~~ ~~~              ~~ .   ..  15  25    .   .. .    .    ..           .. .   10    .. .  .              .    -        -       -                  -R,1                           omntdbA
                                             A~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~                                                                                                        ~~~~~~~~ 4.6  .3 ..  1..5. .8  T..Y....


              *                A    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.3  .1  .2 ..     ...                                                                    .....

            Eppeso                                                                                                                                                                       B-C-. D-.E-,F-. PocketnatedbyAh
            Point 3 0                         15    2-          -        -                          0       5        --       --      --        2        -R-1                             -,M-R-TY  surominated by A
       147        1       52.                                                                                                                                                                            sapxi
                                                                                                                                                                              Ti.6,Y.
                               A    13.0   2.3                                  1.318              .       1.6                                .                 1.0 

*          ~~~~~Eppes                           --A -                     -        5-,-                      -         -       -        -        -       -         -       -         -     B-,C-,DF-,  Narowkinet gradesha
            Creek                                                                                                                                                                        M-, -     2  0    R-,T-Y-  toa  woodsee
       148               7.0                                                                                                   xiI
                               A    43.1.2                                      2.5       .4 

            Eppes                                                         40-,E-,F15,R-2, S0 Dmalfinated byAA,
            Creek--                                    -         -       ---                                 .       --       -         ----                               --            K   M- R5Y-    surounded    mars
       149        3        .5                                                                              swam                                                                                                                   xi



            Eames                     C0-, 35D-  --  -,E-,M-,F-,  Pocktmarshatedb A
            Criver                                                                                                                                                                       M-0 1  - -  -  ,  5 -  -  - -  - -. R-,TVY-    oherator  of bidens
       152               15.0                                                                                                                                                                                                     Vil

                               A   4.2       126.5                                         .       .8      24

            Turkey                     63                                                                                                                                                C--,-D-,E-,FM-,F-, DomafingeatedbyA
            Island             %      0        5        -        -       -                  5       1                 -       -         .-                                                -T.-Y-         adpWoketmrshoyo
       153  Cree         6.6                                                                                       xidnVI
                              A    3.2                                          .2       o       t         a.


           Turkes                                                                                                                                                                       B-1 5 55   C-. D-.E-MF-,  Dominated by AA,
            River                     0        5        -        .        -       -                  5       1        -        --                                          .        -     - R-,T-,V-,Y-   overstory of bidens
       154  Crek           .9                                                                                                                                                                                                      VI
                              A    7.9   1.62                                            .2       .9   2.4

                                   Turke %  50 5                                5        1       15                                                             5                      C-D-,E-M-,F, Domnatedby6A

0~~~~~Iln                                                                                                                                                                                   -T,-,-adPoesoyo















                                                                                         r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ohr
                        n~~~~ ~ ~ ~ Aae                                                 0                                                                                   0nZ.                               .            ....

                                                       0~~~~~~ .                                                                 .... .. 
                                                      --           a                  E    ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~                                        -        >. a~~~vn--


    Section              %     43        1 1       5                           7         5        8         8                                    1                  3                  47
T V               82.457
                         A    35.4      9.3      3.8                         5.5       4.2       6.3      6.3                                   .7                2.1                3.4


    GRANDI                                                                     9                                                                                       36
    TOTAL            ~         5                             -1                           -       9         3        1-                           -        5        3-
G T               4037.1253

                         A  2153.3   205.3    145.7        1.5              411.0    16.7    351.0   107.2    29.6                     .8       .7      212.4   132.2                13.7






                         A




                         A6 




                         A





                                                                             A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



                         A




                         A




                         A





                                                                                                          64









                  Charles City County: Others List


A.   Yellow Pond Lily                         N.   Big Cordgrass
B.   Reedgrass                                O.   Marsh Fleabane
C.   Black Gum                                P.   Saltmarsh Aster
D.   Ironweed                                 Q.   Climbing Hempweed
E.   Button Bush                              R.   Milkweed
F.   Water Willow                             S.   Saltmarsh Cordgrass
G.   Marsh Mallow                             T.   Sedge
H.   Wax Myrtle                               U.   Swamp Dogwood
I.   Fern                                    V.   Walters Millet
J.   Soft Stem Rush                           W.   Cardinal Flower
K.   Dodder                                   X.   Nut Grass
L.   Saltmarsh Loosestrife                    Y.   Waterdock
M.   Water Parsnip















                                 65






                                Index to Marsh Locations


Bachelors Point ............... .  45                Matahunk Neck  ...............    22
Barrows Creek ................ 22                    Milton ....................       46
Big Marsh Point  ............... 23                  Morris Creek .  ...............  24,32
Buckland Creek ................53                    Oldfield .. .................     45
Bucklers Point .   ............... 54                Old Neck .. .................     23
Chickahominy Haven . ............  23                Old Neck Creek ...............    23
Chickahominy Shores  ............   22               Olds Point ..        ................ 53
Dancing Point ................. 44                   Parsons Creek .   ............... 23
Ducking Stool Point .............  54                Parsons Island ................   23
During Point .................33                     Presquile Isle National Wildlife Refuge . . . 62
Eagle Bottom    ...............  24,32               Queens Creek ................     53
Eppes Creek .................. 61                    Sandy Point .............44
Eppes Island ....... ......61                        Shirley .......61
Ferry Point ..........  33                           Sunken Marsh .......23
Flowerdew Hundred ............ 52                    Tettington .................44
Graves Landing ....... .......22                     Tomahund Creek ...33
Hardens Bluff ....... .......62                      Trees Point .......45
Harrison Point ....... ..... 60,61                   Turkey Island .............   62
Harrisons Landing .............  60                  Turkey Island Creek .......... 62
Herring Creek ........ 54                            Turner Neck   ........22
Johnson Creek .........  22                          Tyler Creek   .......46
Kennon Creek .  .   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  Walkers Dam .        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Kennon Marsh ............. 45                        Watts Point .......... 23
Kimages Hill ............... 60                      Westover .......... 54
Kittewan Creek .............. 46,52                  Weyanoke .......... 46,52
Lamptie Hill ........... .....62                     Weyanoke Point  .......... 52
Lower Trees Point .. .......... 45                   Wilcox Neck .......... ......22
Mapisco ................... .46






                                         67