[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






                           Bedrock Shoreline Survey of the Niagaran Escarpment in
                       Michigan's Upper Peninsula: Mackinac County to Delta County





















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                                                        prepared by
                                                 Dennis A. Albert, Ecologist
                                            Patrick J. Comer, Associate Ecologist
                                            Richard A. Corner, Assistant Ecologist
                                             David Cuthrell, Assistant Zoologist
                                                  Michael Penskar, Botanist
                                                    Mary Rabe, Zoologist

                                              Michigan Natural Features Inventory
                                              5th Floor Mason Building, Box 30444
                                                    Lansing, MI 48909-7944
                                                              for
                                             Land and Water Management Division
                                                      (grant # 95 CD-0.02)
                                                 Completed December 31, 1995















                                                               ABSTRACT



                        Bedrock is exposed along large portions of the shoreline of the Great Lakes, especially in the
01                  Upper Peninsula, providing scenic views of the Great Lakes. Increasingly the large portions of the
-                   Great Lakes shoreline are becoming inaccessible to the public as a result of residential
                    development. In this study we inventoried portions of the coastal bedrock, both in response to
                    extreme development pressure and because of the significant biological diversity that characterizes
                    much of the coastal bedrock. This report summarizes the results of 1995 plant community, rare
                    plant, and insect inventories along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Delta and Schoolcraft counties
                    and continued insect inventories along the Lake Superior shoreline of the Keweenaw Peninsula and
                    the Lake Huron shoreline of Drummond Island.
                        Differences in bedrock result in strikingly different shorelines with equally distinctive floras
                    and faunas. In this survey, we have concentrated on the Silurian-aged dolomite and limestone
                    along the northern shorc of Lake Michigan and on several islands in northern Lake Michigan.
                    Basic characteristics of the dolomite and limestone bedrock are described within the report.
                        While most of our sampling was conducted in one natural community, bedrock beach,
                    sampling was also conducted on bedrock glade, cobble beach, and bedrock cliffs. The greatest
                    diversity of rare plants occurs on bedrock beach, but bedrock glade also contains many rare plant
                    species. Diversity was much lower on cobble beach and bedrock cliffs. It is expected that faunal
                    diversity will be highest on bedrock beach and glade.
                        The entire shoreline of northern Lake Michigan, from St. Ignace, in Mackinac County, to
                    Menominee in Menominee County, was photo interpreted in preparation for the field surveys.
                    Aerial reconnaissance was conducted to further evaluate sites and to photograph portions of the
                    shoreline. Sampling of the vegetation of bedrock beach sites followed to collect data for the
                    improvement of MNFIs community classification. Surveys of rare plant and animal species were
                    conducted, as were general surveys for insects.
                        The 1995 surveys have resulted in the discovery of many new sites for both rare plants and
                    high quality bedrock beach. Several new bedrock glades were discovered, which added to our
                    understanding of this under-studied plant community. While no state-listed insect species have
                    been found to date, several new county records and disjuncts have been identified. Identification of
                    insect specimens from the surveys is ongoing.
                        Management recommendations will be made for the three high-quality bedrock beach sites,
                    Poverty Island, Summer Island, and Pt. Detour, that are largely state-owned. We recommend that
                    acquisition or conservation easements be sought for Goudreau's Harbor, which is recognized as
                    having both the largest stretch of dolomite bedrock shoreline in the state, and populations of both
                    state-listed plants and animals. Stony Point and nearby open dunes should also be considered for
                    acquisition. Although the bedrock beach supports no rare species, several rare plant species
          Z_        occupy the surrounding dunes and there are high quality interdunal swales and bedrock on the
         (:@O       point.



A4












                                                         ACKNOWLEDGMENTS



                         We would like to dmik the Coastal Zone Management Program of the Land and Water
                     Management Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and The Nature Conservancy
                     for providing funding for this study. Special thanks go to Dr. Ted Cline of Photair who flew and
                     photographed the shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties; these oblique aerial photographs
                     provided many insights into the plant communities and geological structure of the shoreline that are
                     not available on vertical aerial photographs. We would also like to thank Patrick Ranguette for
                     sharing his knowledge of Little Summer, Poverty, and St. Martin Islands and for transporting us to
                     these islands with his boat; his knowledge of the area greatly increased the efficiency of our
                     inventory.
                         Several entomologists provided identifications, including G.M. Fauske (North Dakota State
                     University, for the Lepidoptera and Orthoptera); K.G.A. Hamilton (Agriculture Canada, for the
                     Cicadellidae in part); D.A. Rider (North Dakota State University, for the Pentatomidae); E.G.
                     Riley (Texas A&M University, for the Chrysomelidae); M.D. Schwartz (Agriculture Canada, for
                     the Miridae); and D.F. Schweitzer (Eastern Regional office of The Nature Conservancy, for the
                     Papaipema.













                                                                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS


                             INTRODUCTION                                                                                                                                    I
                                   BEDROCK OF THE NIAGARAN ESCARPMENT                                     ............................................................................I
                                   NATURAL CONUVIUNITIES OF THE COASTAL NIAGARAN ESCARPMENT                                                       .............................. 10
                                         Bedrock Beach         ............................................................................................................................. 10
                                         Bedrock Glade        .............................................................................................................................. 10
                                         Alvar    ............................................................................................................................................ 15
                                         Dry Alkaline Cliff         ........................................................................................................................ 15
                                         Boreal Forest       ................................................................................................................................ 15
                             SPECIAL PLANTS              .................................................................................................................................... 15
                             INSECT SURVEYS               ................................................................................................................................... 16


                             METHODS          ................................................................................................................................................ 16
                                   BEDROCK CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING                                  ............................................................................... 16
                                   SURVEY SITE IDENTIFICATION                        .................................................................................................... 17
                                         Air Photo Interpretation          ................................................................................................................ 17
                                         Aerial Reconnaissance           .................................................................................................................. 17
                                         Bedrock Shoreline Survey Sites              .................................................................................................... 17
                                   VEGETATION SAM[PLING                    ............................................................................................................... 17
                                   SPECIAL PLANTS SURVEY METHODS                              .......................................................................................... 18
                                   INSECT SURVEY METHODS                       ........................................................................................................... 18


                             RESULTS OF 1995 FIELD SEASON                        ........................................................................................................ 21
                                   SUMMARY OF NIAGARAN ESCARPMENT BEDROCK SURVEY SITES                                                      ..................................... 21
                                         Poverty Island      ............................................................................................................................... 21
                                         Summer Island         ............................................................................................................................. 24
                                         Point Detour       ................................................................................................................................. 25
                                         Krcgg Bay NE         .............................................................................................................................. 26
                                         Stony Point      ................................................................................................................................... 28
                                         Goudreau's Harbor          ....................................................................................................................... 29
                                   SUh1M[ARY OF SPECIAL PLANTS                        ................................................................................................... 29


                             PRELINIINARY RESULTS FROM 1994 AND 1995 INSECT SURVEYS                                              ................................................. 30
                                   SUMMARIES OF KEWEENAW PENINSULA SITES                                      ....................................................................... 30
                                         Agate Harbor        ................................................................................................................................ 30
                                         Dan's Point       .................................................................................................................................. 30
                                         Devil's Washtub        ..................................................................
                                                                                                                          ......................................................... 30
                                         Horseshoe Harbor          ......................................................................................................................... 31
                                         Fish Cove      ..................................................................................................................................... 31


                                   SUNOAARIES OF DRUMMOND ISLAND SITES                                  .............................................................................. 31
                                         Maxton Plains West          ...................................................................................................................... 31
                                         Grand Marais Lake (Maxton Plains North)                    ................................................................................... 31
                                         Maxton Plains Mddlc             .................................................................................................................. 32
                                         Maxton Plains East         ....................................................................................................................... 32
                                         Seamans Point        .............................................................................................................................. 32
                                         Warners Cove        ............................................................................................................................... 32
                                         Huron Bay       .................................................................................................................................... 32
                                         Big Shoal Cove        ............................................................................................................................. 32
                                         Bass Cove Road         ............................................................................................................................ 33


                                   SUMMARIES OF GARDEN PENINSULA SITES                                   ............................................................................. 33













                               RECOMNENDATIONS                    ............................................................................................................................ 33
                                     Poverty Island       ..................................................................................................................................... 33
                                     Summer Island         .................................................................................................................................... 33
                                     Point Detour       ........................................................................................................................................ 34
                                     Kregg Bay NE         ..................................................................................................................................... 34
                                     Stony Point      .......................................................................................................................................... 34
                                     Goudreau's Harbor           .............................................................................................................................. 34


                               LITERATURE CITED                 ............................................................................................................................... 35


                               LIST OF APPENDICES                 ............................................................................................................................ 36
                                     1. Maps Of Bedrock Shoreline Survey Sites                    ........................................................................................ 37
                                     Il. Insect Species Occurrences             ............................................................................................................. 44
                                     III. Global And State Element Ranking Criteria                    .................................................................................. 51

                               LIST OF FIGURES
                                     Figure 1. Map Of Bedrock Types And General Survey Area                             ............................................................... I I
                                     Figure 2. Schematic Diagrams Of Vegetative Zones                        ........................................................................... 12
                                     Figure 3. 1994 Survey Sites On The Keweenaw Peninsula                          ..................  ............................................... 19
                                     Figure 4 1994 Survey Sites On Drummond Island                       .....................  ......................................................... 20

                               LIST OF TABLES
                                     Table 1. Summary Data For Bedrock Beach Survey Sites                           ................................................................... 22
                                     Table 2. Summary Of Plant Communities And Rare Plant Occurrences For Survey Sites                                        .................... 23

                               LIST OF PLATES
                                     Plate 1. Dolomite and limestone shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties                              .....................................2
                                     Plate 2. Dolomite and limestone shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties                              .....................................4
                                     Plate 3. Dolomite and limestone shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties                              .....................................6
                                     Plate 4. Rare Plants Of The Niagaran Escarpment                      ..............................................................................8



























                                                                                                     iv











                                                                  INTRODUCTION


                          Varying from vast sandy beaches at the base of towering sand dunes to stem cliffs and rugged coast
                      lands, the shorelines of the Great Lakes off-er a striking diversity of specialized habitat, that also provides
                      scenic beauty and recreational opportunity. Sections of this shoreline, especially along the southern
                      coast of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, are characterized by outcrops of resistant limestone and dolomite
                      bedrock. As well as contributing to incomparable vistas of the Great Lakes, this bedrock shoreline
                      creates a unique environment significant to protecting biological diversity.
                          Almost ten years ago, Asworth (1987) reported that 50 percent of the Great lakes shoreline had been
                      developed for residential, industrial, or commercial purposes. Furthermore, 83 percent of the shoreline
                      was in private ownership and thus could be developed at any tune. Rapid development has occurred
                      over significant portions of the Great Lakes shoreline during the last decade. Some of the finest
                      examples of bedrock beach surveyed in 1994 are now slated for development, both on the Keweenaw
                      Peninsula and Drummond Island. Unfortunately, development often locks the shoreline from public
                      access and represents a sigrnficant loss of habitat for plants and animals adapted to this unique
                      environment.
                          In response to extreme development pressure, this study was initiated to provide a more thorough
                      understanding of the significant biological diversity associated with bedrock shoreline communities and
                      to identify locations for conservation. This report summarizes the results of 1995 coastal bedrock
                      inventories along the southern coasts of Delta and Schoolcraft Counties in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
                          Plates 1, 2, and 3 illusWate the bedrock of the study area and also the vegetation zones characteristic
                      of the bedrock shoreline. Plate 4 shows several of the special plants associated with limestone and
                      dolomite bedrock within the study area. Photos of the survey sites are also included in the site summary
                      section of the report.



                      BEDROCK OF THE NIAGARAN ESCARPMENT


                          The surface bedrock of Michigan is exposed in a series of concentric bands, increasing in age
                      outward from their approximate center near the Lower Peninsula town of Barryton (Ashworth
                      1987). One such band, the Niagaran Escarpment, extends from approximately Milwaukee,
                      Wisconsin, across the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and Ontario to Rochester, New York, arching
                      roughly along the outer margins of Lakes Michigan and Huron (Dorr and Eschman 1977). The
                      Niagaran Escarpment can be seen on modem maps as it extends in a northeasterly direction,
                      forming both the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin and the Garden Peninsula of Michigan. The
                      escarpment continues along the southern coast of the Upper Peninsula, where it is locally exposed,
                      to approximately the Straits of Mackinac, where it gradually curves southeast along the northern
                      Lake Huron shoreline, forming Drummond Island in Michigan, and Cockburn and Manitoulan
                      Islands in Ontario. It continues in Ontario as the Cape Hurd and Bruce Peninsulas, and then to the
                      Niagara region between Lakes Erie and Ontario. The Niagara River plunges over the Niagaran
                      Escarpment at Niagara Falls.
                          At the landscape scale, the major structural feature of this expansive escarpment is a
                      monocline (Ehlers 1973). The structure is loosely analogous to a very shallow bowl, with its
                      interior containing Lakes Michigan and Huron and its rim forming a cliff of varying height. Thus,
                      the rocks of the escarpment dip very gently towards the Great Lakes. The inclination averages
                      about 50 ft. per mile with a minimum and maximum dip of around 40 and 60 ft. per mile (Ehlers
                      1973).





                                                                             1












                     Plate 1. Dolomite and limestone shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties.


                         Plate Ia. The bedrock shoreline at Kregg Bay NE is an argillaceous dolomite, containing
                     impurities such as sand, silt, or clay minerals. Argillaceous dolomite is characterized by a lack of
                     broad solution cracks. Pure limestone and dolomite, in contrast, are more soluble than argillaceous
                     dolomite.


                         Plate 1b. The dolomite at Goudreau's Harbor illustrates the broad solution cracks that typify
                     relatively pure limestone and dolomite bedrock. Note the perpendicular pattern of the solution
                     cracks. Vegetation can establish in these cracks, where there is greater protection from both wave
                     action and ice scour.


                         Plate 1c. On the Garden Peninsula and nearby islands in Lake Michigan, the bedrock tilts
                     downward 40 to 60 feet per mile toward the east. As a result of this tilt, bedrock cliffs are exposed
                     along the western edge of the peninsula and islands, as seen in this photograph of Poverty Island,
                     and bedrock beach occurs to the east, as seen in Plates Ia and I b, above.






































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                     Plate 2. Dolomite and limestone shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties.


                         Plate 2a. This photograph of Seul Choix Point (Goudreau's Harbor) demonstrates the type of
                     information that can be interpreted from oblique aerial photographs. The extent of the offshore
                     dolomite ledges is evident on the photo, as are the major zones of the bedrock beach, including the
                     wave slash zone, vegetated beach, and conifer-dominated (boreal) forest, as well as a cobble beach
                     between the vegetated beach and the forest. Opening in the forest are also easily seen.

                         Plate 2b. The wave-splash zone on this portion of Goudreau's Harbor is quite broad. In the
                     background, scattered shrubs can be seen occupying cracks further from the shoreline.

                         Plate 2c. Broad cracks in the dolomite pavement of Poverty Island support a dense mat of
                     herbaceous plants. Ice scour probably eliminates both soil and plant accumulation on the
                     pavement between the cracks.





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                      Plate 3. Dolomite and limestone shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties.


                          Plate 3a. The dolomite pavement at the emtern edge of Summer Island has almost
                      perpendicular fractures, which support a turf of federally-threatened dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris).
                      Conifer-dominated forest, characteristic of much of the bedrock along the shoreline, can be seen 'in
                      the background.

                          Plate 3b. On many of the bedrock shorelines, such as at Point Detour shown here, herbs and
                      shrubs carpet the bedrock near the forest margin. In the background, closer to the Lake Michigan
                      shoreline, vegetation occupies only cracks in the bedrock.

                          Plate 3c. On Summer Island, openings, called glades, occur within the boreal forest. The soils
                      in these opening are absent or thin, only an inch or two thick, and range from sands to organic soils
                      in depressions. Some glades are probably the result of human land use, while others result from
                      blow-downs during wind storms. Dominant trees in the forest include northern white-cedar,
                      balsam fir, tamarack, and white spruce. Paper birch and trembling aspen are also present.






































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                      Plate 4. Rare plant species characteristic of the Niagaran Escarpment in the Upper Peninsula.


                              Plate 4a. A portion of an extensive, high quality alvar glade on the Garden Peninsula in
                      Delta County. Dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris, federal and state threatened) is frequently a dominant
                      groundcover species in this region, foriiiing large clones on thin soils over limestone bedrock. The
                      photo displays a glade opening with a nearly continuous groundcover of iris. This is somewhat
                      unusual for the species, as it most often occurs on the margins of shoreline conifer-hardwood
                      forests along Lakes Huron and Michigan, especially on sandy to cobbly beach ridges.

                              Plate 4b.     Close-up of dwarf lake iris and a frequent associate, the pinkish-flowered
                      gaywings (Polygala paucifolia). Although dwarf lake iris blooms from approximately mid-May to
                      early June, it can be readily recognized throughout the season by the diminutive stature of the
                      leaves and the nearly surficial, yellowish, narrow rhizomes.

                              Plate 4c.      A close-up photo of Calypso orchid (Calypso bulbosa, state threatened),
                      growing in needle duff and thin soil over bedrock under a largely coniferous canopy. This rare
                      orchid species occurs in cedar swamps as well as dry mesic forests along the northern shores of
                      Lakes Michigan and Huron.

                              Plate 4d.      Close-up photo of Richardson's sedge (Carex tichardsonii, state special
                      concern) during its peak blooming period in late May. This early season sedge occurs along
                      bedrock shorelines, occupying relatively dry microhabitats in alvar glades and along forest edges.
                      This species may be commonly associated with dwarf lake iris and other rarities, such as beauty
                      sedge (Carex concinna, state special concern).


























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                           The Niagaran Escarpment, consisting almost entirely of limestone and dolomite, was formed
                       from resistant carbonate rocks (Ehlers 1973). Dolomite is similar to limestone, except it has a
                       threshold concentration of magnesium in its chemical composition and is generally more resistant
                       to erosion (recent geological terminology uses the term dolostone to describe the rock, reserving
                       the term dolomite for the mineral). The rocks were formed in the Silurian Period, during which
                       time marine waters covered the Michigan Basin. The waters over much of the Basin were deep
                       and most rocks of marine sediment origin were formed from precipitates of CaC03. However,
                       extensive reefs formed at the shallower margins of the basin. VAiile similar in chemical
                       composition to rocks formed from precipitates, rocks from these reefs were constructed of
                       skeletons and excretions of organisms and are comparatively resistant to erosion. Accordingly,
                       rocks of the Niagaran Escarpment, which were formed from reefs, resist erosive forces effectively.
                           The Niagaran Series, the group of rocks famfing the Niagaran Escarpment, consists of four
                       formations: Mayville Dolomite; Bumt Bluff Limestone and Dolomite; Manistique Limestone and
                       Dolomite; and Engadine Dolomite (Ehlers 1973). Figure I shows the major bedrock fonnations of
                       the study area and also indicates the general location of the six bedrock beach survey sites of the
                       study. Note that the bedrock shoreline pertinent to this study was characterized primarily by
                       Manistique Dolomite and, to a lesser extent, Bumt Bluff Limestone and Dolomite and Engadine
                       Dolomite.



                       NATURAL COMMUNITIES OF THE COASTAL NIAGARAN ESCARPMENT



                       Bedrock Beach


                           Bedrock beaches of dolomite were charactenzed by a zonal gradation of herbaceous vegetation
                       communities, changing in response to distance from the lake and each having a distinct physiognomy
                       (Figures 2A-F). Wave action and ice scrape had their greatest impact in the zones closest to the lake.
                       This wave splash or ice scour zone, which ranged from 4 to 24 in in width, was charactefistically devoid
                       of vegetation (Plates la and 2b). Adjacent to the inland side of the splash/scrape zone, a vegetated zone
                       was charactenzed by patchy establishment of vegetation interspersed by areas of exposed bedrock
                       (Plates lb, 2c, and 3a-b), Often, vegetation establishment was restricted to cracks in the bedrock
                       pavement, resultmg in a distinct checkerboard appearance (Plates lb, 2c, and 3a). Further inland, lack
                       of ice scour allows for the establishment of woody plants and denser assemblages of herbaceous plants.
                       Localized accumulations of sand and gravel or organic matenals on the bedrock surface further assist in
                       the establishment of shrubs and trees.



                       Bedrock Glade


                           Bedrock glades were sometimes found to occur between the open bedrock beaches and the
                       forests further inland (Plates 3c and 4a), The glades consisted of open, thin-soiled plant
                       communities don-driated by scattered, open-grown trees, scattered shrubs or shrub thickets, and a
                       partial turf of grasses and sedges. Bedrock exposures were frequently encountered within the
                       glades. Because bedrock glades were first identified as a characteristic zone along bedrock
                       shorelines of the Great Lakes in 1994 (Albert et al. 1994), there are currently minimal data
                       available to compare or adequately describe the community. However, the bedrock glade
                       community is currently being evaluated.




                                                                         10


























                                                                                           41'













                                                                                         r Point          Goudreau's Harbor



                                       0


                                                             <- Kregg Bay NE               Nlayville Dolomite
                                                                                          Burnt Bluff Limestone and Dolomite
                                                                                          Nlanistique Limestone and Dolomite
                                                                                     E22 Engadine Dolomite
                                          C          + Point Detour


                                                    <- Summer Island

                                              1+ Poverty island












                     Figure 1. Map of the study area showing major bedrock formations and general location of the six
                     bedrock beach survey sites. (Map from Ehlers 1973, p. 10).












                                 A. Poverty Island











                                    Sandai 11

                                                                                                                                               Lake Michigan
                                                                                                                                                "C M'
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                                          Dense Forest                            Vegeilleo ill Clacks           I  Sclape Zone    I     I
                                           1 O'T A ope)                               34.5 ni                    F-1 1-5-mi -1       4



                                   B. Summer Island







                                   I andandCobble         T 111sol                                                                                Lake Michigan
                                                  Bedrock                                   AL

                                       Bore.11 Forest                    Glade                                      ExlN)scd P-w-cment
                                                                         19111                                           21 ni




                                               Figure 2A and B. Schematic diagrams of vegetative zones representative of those encountered on
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                                               Poverty Island (A) and Summer Island (B).





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                                         C. Point I)e(our









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                                                                                                                                                                               Lake Michigan
                                                                          I'hin Soil-                              E;Xposed [';I% C111CIll
                                             sl)l.tlcc/ Fill                Glade       I                         Spaisely Vegetated
                                            Ccdar/ AsIvii                   181)1       1                                 69 n)                                         13 in


                                       1). Kregg Bay NE


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                                                                                vegdated ill Fille Clack.,
                                           Cobble Beach Ridge                                               FXposed P;I% ellICIII                                       Splash/ Crape
                                                                                                                  29 ill                                                      4 in
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                                                      Figure 2C and D. Schematic diagrams of vegetative zones representative of those encountered on
                                                      Point Detour (C) and Kregg Bay NE (D).












                                E. Stony Point




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                                   ob Ic                         0         0                                                                       Lake Michie.111
                                              InIci-dunal Wetland                            . . . . . . .
                                     Forest                     Cobble Beach Ridge          Sand/ Bedrock                       Splash/ Serape
                                Spruce/ Cedar/                       Ced.11-                                                       24 in
                                   Aspen                                                                                  Exposed Bediock
                                                                                                                                32 in


                                 F. Goudreau's Harbor










                                                                                                                                                   Lake Michigan


                                         Cobble and Gravd/ Bedrock                                  Vegetated Zone                        lSplash/ ScrIal )c,
                                            Dense Cedar/ Spruce                                         24.5 in                           1     9111



                                                 Figure 2E and F. Schematic diagrams of vegetative zones representative of those encountered on
                                                 Stony Point (E) and Goudreau's Harbor (F).





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                     Alvar


                         Dolomite or limestone pavement dominated by a plant community of herbs and grasses has
                     been called alvar. Both the bedrock beach and the bedrock glade are treated as types of alvar.


                     Dry Alkaline Cliff

                         Where Dry Alkaline Cliffs were encountered, they were sampled and the results included in
                     this report. Although the cliffs are generally low in botanical diversity, they are among the most
                     visually appealing features of the bedrock shorelines (Plate 1c).



                     Boreal Forest


                         The boreal forest is an extensive habitat of the northern latitudes and, on the North American
                     Continent, extends from Alaska to Newfoundland (Anonymous 1995). Most of the land on which
                     this forest type occurs was under large sheets of continental ice as recently as 10,000 years ago.
                     Due to the cool northern temperatures and the fact that the region was recently scraped to bedrock
                     during the ice age, minimal soil development has occurred and the region is characterized by very
                     shallow soils. The forest is dominated by coniferous vegetation, primarily spruce (Picea) and fir
                     (Abjes) species. Precipitation greatly exceeds evapotranspiration over the habitat and swamps,
                     bogs, and marshes are abundant in the boreal forest.
                             There is some debate as to whether Michigan's upland forests dominated by balsam fir
                     (Abies balsamea), white spruce (Picea glauca), tamarack (Larix laricina), and northern white-
                     cedar (Thuja occidentalis), along with white birch (Betuld papyrifera) and trembling aspen
                     (Populus tremuloides), should be considered part of the true boreal forest, since Michigan's upland
                     conifer forest supports a greater number of tree species than boreal forests fiirther north, and it also
                     occurs in a mosaic of northern hardwood forests. For this report we will use the term boreal forest
                     to include our conifer-dominated forests along the Great Lakes shoreline, and more specifically, on
                     dolornitic bedrock.



                     SPECIAL PLANTS



                         Michigan's bedrock shorelines and their related natural communities, particularly in the
                     Niagaran Escarpment region, support a rich and diverse assemblage of rare vascular plant species.
                     Some of these species are known to be endernic to the Great Lakes, including such notable plants
                     as dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris) and Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago houghtonii), both of which
                     are listed as federal and state threatened. The majority of the globally known populations of these
                     two species are documented in Michigan, with major occurrences found in some bedrock shoreline
                     areas. A host of other rare plants can be found in a variety of shoreline and near-shore bedrock
                     habitats, ranging from cliff ferns, such as slender cliff-brake (Cryptogramma stelleri) and green
                     spleenwort (Asplenium viride), to several rare sedges (Carex scirpoidea, C richardsonfi, C.
                     concinna), grasses (Danthonia intermedia, Poa alpina), and plants such as Lake Huron tansy



                                                                       15









                     (Tanacetum huronense), a species that can be found on sand dunes and cobble shores in addition
                     to bedrock sites.



                     INSECT SURVEYS



                         Bedrock and cobble shorelines of the Great Lakes contain many characteristic and endemic
                     plant species, which have the potential to support unique assemblages of invertebrates, especially
                     habitat restricted specialists. It is assumed that there some of the species found on the dolomite
                     pavement (alvar) of Drummond Island and along the Escanaba River will also be shared with the
                     dolomite pavement along the Great Lakes shoreline.
                         Little is known about the insect fauna of alvar regions and even less is known about alvar
                     insects in Michigan. In addition to our study, there are two ongoing research projects in Michigan
                     dealing with insects of alvar regions (S. Stephenson, pers. comm.; K. Hamilton, pers. comm.). So
                     far, leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) have received the most study in these habitats including leaffiopper
                     species that feed on little bluestern (Schizachyrium scopapium), prairie dropseed (Sporobolus
                     heterolepis), slender wheatgrass (Agropyron trachycaulum), small spikerush (Eleocharis eliptica),
                     and creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis). Leafhoppers are excellent environmental indicators
                     because only the smallest and lightest are regularly carried by wind, and these (subfamily
                     Typhlocybinae) are generally tree-feeding species. Most members of other leafhopper subfamilies
                     do not disperse rapidly or for a great distance (Hamilton and Langor 1987). In addition, many are
                     monophagous (feed on one species of plant) and females of many prairie species are entirely
                     flightless (Hamilton 1994). It has been determined that alvars and sandy areas of northern
                     Michigan have leafhoppers mostly characteristic of Canadian prairies. Sixteen western leafhopper
                     species are associated with such grasslands (Hamilton 1994). A primary goal of this study is to
                     qualitatively describe the insect community for distinct vegetative associations on a variety of
                     bedrock types, including the dolomite and limestone bedrock of the Niagaran Escarpment.




                                                                METHODS



                     BEDROCK CLASSIFICATION AND MAPPING



                         The bedrock classification used in this study was based on existing geological maps by Reed
                     and Daniels (1987) and Ehlers (1973). Ehlers did detailed mapping and classification of the
                     Paleozoic limestones and dolomites of the Niagaran Escarpment, including those of the shoreline in
                     Schoolcraft and Delta Counties.













                                                                     16













                   SURVEY SITE IDENTIFICATION



                   Air Photo Interpretation

                        Photo interpretation of black-and-white and color aerial photography, maintained by the Land
                   and Water Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, was used to identify
                   potential bedrock beach sites within the study area. The Lake Michigan shoreline of Michigan's
                   Upper Peninsula was evaluated from central Mackinac County to Menominee County. Photos of
                   the area were available at the scale of I inch equals 500 feet, I inch equals 780 feet, and I inch
                   equals 2000 feet, and proved excellent for mapping coastal bedrock. Although bedrock shoreline
                   could be easily identified using air photographs, cliffs were less evident and were verified with a
                   reconnaissance flight.



                   Aerial Reconnaissance


                        In addition to existing vertical imagery, reconnaissance flights were performed to provide
                   oblique air photographs of the area (see the cover and Plate 2a). The oblique photographs were
                   found to produce a more ecologically interpretable view of shoreline landscapes and were used to
                   further document the extent and quality of the sites identified from vertical imagery.


                   Bedrock Shoreline Survey Sites

                        Following air photo interpretation, sites were selected for field survey. Sites found to have
                   high quality areas of exposed bedrock shoreline and associated biota were field sampled. The six
                   sites where vegetation sampling was conducted were Poverty Island, Summer Island, Point
                   Detour, Kregg Bay NE, Stony Point, and Goudreau's Harbor. The general locations of these
                   survey sites are presented in Figure I and detailed maps for each survey site are presented in
                   Appendix I A - IF.



                   VEGETATION SAMPLING


                        Following site selection, intensive vegetation sampling was performed between June 21 and
                   July 21, 1995. Sampling was conducted along transects that were oriented perpendicular to the
                   shoreline and established along a meter tape extended from the shoreline to the forest zone. The
                   exact bearing and percent slope was measured and recorded for each transect. Schematic diagrams
                   showing slope, bedrock surface, moisture conditions, and approximate width of each vegetative
                   zone were produced for each transect. Vegetation was sampled by placing each species into one of
                   four relative abundance categories. Percent coverage values were estimated for each species as
                   well, by sampling each vegetation zone with a 5 x 5 m plot. Point sampling was conducted for
                   overstory species (>4 inches in diameter) using a BAF 10 prism in the glade and or forest zones,
                   and the presence of each shrub and herbaceous species was also recorded.




                                                                    17
lot












                      SPECIAL PLANTS SURVEY METHODS



                          Prior to field inventories, the Michigan Biological and Conservation Database (BCD) was
                      consulted to determine the number and extent of previously documented special plant occurrences
                      likely to be encountered during surveys. These species formed the basis of a priority list to carry
                      into the field, with particular attention given to the rarest taxa, i.e. those with global and/or state
                      ranks of Gl-G3 and SI-S3 (see Appendix 3 for criteria used to assign ranks). Special priority was
                      also given to occurrences with historical to relatively old last observation dates, such that these
                      populations could be sought during surveys to determine their present status, extent, and condition.
                      Compiling a list of priority species also provided the opportunity to review phenologies and thus
                      anticipate the best period(s) in which to conduct bedrock surveys.
                          Special plants were inventoried primarily during natural community surveys as sites were
                      traversed and more or less systematically meander-searched to determine the general community
                      quality. Edges of communities and other ecotonal habitats were concentrated upon, as these
                      microsites were known to frequently support colonies of the target species. Richardson's sedge
                      (Carex fichardsonii), for example, was sought at the periphery of wet bedrock sites where habitat
                      transitioned into drier glades, whereas more exposed bedrock areas were searched for bulrush
                      sedge (Carex scirpoidea). When identified, special plant locations were noted on topographic
                      maps, and special plant forms were initiated for eventual occurrence updating or transcription of
                      new records. Where appropriate, voucher specimens were pressed and prepared for hebarium.
                      accessioning. Lastly, reference photographs of selected rare species were taken in representative
                      areas (see Plate 4a4d).



                      INSECT SURVEY METHODS



                          Field work was conducted at 16 sites throughout the summer of 1995 in C@ippewa, Delta, and
                      Keweenaw Counties, Michigan (Figures 1, 3, and 4). Three types of itisect surveys were
                      conducted in 1995. The first type of inventory, consisting of preliminary sunreys, was conducted
                      on some of the high quality sites that were identified by MNFI ecologists and botanists along the
                      mainland shoreline of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties, including Point Detcur and Kregg Bay;
                      other sites on the mainland did not receive a preliminary survey due to a severe mid-season illness
                      of the staff zoologist. A second type of survey was an intermediate level survey of Poverty, Little
                      Summer, and Summer Islands, where aerial and sweep netting, as well as light trapping was
                      conducted during three days of field visits in early June of 1995. A third type of insect survey was
                      the revisit of several high quality bedrock sites identified by ecologists and 'botanists during the
                      1994 surveys. These 1994-survey sites were visited two or three times during the spring, summer,
                      and early fall. Most of the results reported here are for Drummond Island sites identified in 1994,
                      with some insect sampling in 1995. See Albert et al. (1994) for detailed descriptions of these study
                      areas. Results from this study and fiwffier survey work by staff ecologists mill be used to focus
                      additional work in 1996.
                          Several methods were used for surveying insects. Insects were collected Akith aerial and sweep
                      nets. Light trapping, a method used to document the occurrence of nocturnal insects, was utilized
                      at four sites. Approximately half of the time at each site was spent making ageneral collection of
                      species present, while the remainder of the time was spent focusing on state or federally listed



                                                                        18



                                                               t, F        I P         111



                                                       7 8  9   10 11 12 14 15
                                                                                 16
                                              5
                                                           mat- VAR
                                                               04
                                  0
                                               c                                   17
                                 0
                                                                               it$
                                                                       20
                                                                           19
                                        I A T11w.
                                      Ic
                                                                       Freda Formation
                             3
                                                                        1.  Rockhouse Point - Graveraet River
                                                                        2.  Freda - Redridge
                                                                        3.  Portage Lake - Ship Canal West

                                                                       Copper Harbor Conglomerate
                                                                        4.  Sevenmile Point
                                                                        5.  Fivemile Point - Eagle River.
                                                                                      Eagle Harbor
                                                                        6.  Cat Harbor
                                                                        7.  Eagle Harbor - Grand Marais Harbor
                                                                        8.  Silver Island: Grand Marais Harbor - Bailey Creek
                                                                        9.  Agate Harbor: Esrey Park - Lake Glazon
                  X                                                    10.  Dans Point
                                                                       11.  Devil's Washtub
                                                                       12.  Porters Island
                                                                       13.  Fort Wilkins State Park
                                                                       14.  Copper Harbor Lighthouse - Norland Trust
                                                                       15.  Horseshoe Harbor
                                                                       16.  High Rock North

                                                                       Portage Lake Voicanics
                   Clio                                                17.  Keweenaw Point: High Rock Bay - Keystone Bay
                                                                       18.  Keystone Point
                                             6k                        19.  Fish Cove
                                                                       20.  Bete Gris - Bear Bluff

                                                          51C


             10
                                       10
                                       I Wes         igure 3. 1994 bedrock shoreline survey sites on the Keweenaw Peninsula. Insect survey results
                     10
                             0       10 Kildmelers  from several of these sites are reported in this paper.









                               Queenston Shale
                                    1.       Maxton Plains West
                                    2.       Chippewa Point
                                    3.       Grand Marais Lake
                                    4.       Poe Point
                                    5.       Maxton Plains Middle
                                    6.       Raynolds Point
                                    7.       Maxton Plains East                                                                           4

                                Manistique Group (Dolomite)
                                                                                                              j_1:1
                                    a.       Marble Head
                                                                                                                                                    qd,
                                                                                                                                      QU, St         I
                                Engadine Group (Dolomite)
                                    9.       Bass Cove - Little Shelter Bay
                                    i o,     Big Shoal Cove
                                    11.      Seamans Point
                                                                                                                                                                                     Manitoulin Dolonihe
                                    12.      Warners Cove                                                                                                                             Cabot 1-1cad Shale
                                             Huron Bay
                                    13.                                                                                             :.;i:    Burnt Bluff Group



                                                                                                                              Manistique Group


                                                                   4.,
                                                                  ji Vvi u.,
                                                                                               A'NK


                                                                                                                  R
                                                                              I A
                                                                                                                                                                              ;k@'j KYA
                                                                                                                                                                              --f
                                                                      xw    ;'P.Vj@i
                                                                                          P.-4-

                                                                                        --EV"T    Or A-".


                                                                                             in
                                                                                          RM
                                                                                                                  12v-
                                                                                                                                                                                   9





                                                                    Figure 4. 1994 bedrock shoreline survey sites on Drummond Island. Insect survey results from
                                                                    several of these sites are reported in this paper.









                     species including the state special concern red-legged spittlebug, (Prosapia ignipectus); the state
                     special concern and federal candidate (C2) Awerne borer moth (Papaipema aweme); the state
                     threatened northern blue butterfly (Lycaeides idas nabokow); the federally endangered Ohio
                     emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana); the state special concern warpaint emerald dragonfly
                     (Somatochlora incurvata); and the state special concern and federal candidate (C2) tawny crescent
                     butterfly (Phydodes batesii).
                         Within the general collection category only certain target groups were given priority in
                     collecting, sorting, and identification, because these groups contain many habitat restricted species.
                     The groups included certain families within the Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), Orthoptera
                     (grasshoppers and katydids), Herniptera (true bugs), and Homoptera (leafhoppers, spittlebugs,
                     planthoppers, and treehoppers). Species that could be identified in the field were recorded and
                     released. For species that required fiifther study for accurate identification, individuals were
                     collected and prepared following standard insect collection techniques. Insects were keyed to the
                     genus or species level using published references, or were sent to experts.




                                                    RESULTS OF 1995 FIELD SEASON



                     SUMMARY OF NIAGARAN ESCARPMENT BEDROCK SURVEY SITES


                         The bedrock portions of Schoolcraft and Delta Counties have been divided into six major sites
                     shown on Figure I (page 11). More detailed maps of each site are shown in Appendix 1.
                     Information is provided for each of these sites in a summary table (Table 1), which includes site
                     name, location (Township and Range), bedrock type, bedrock classification according to Ehlers
                     (1973), length of bedrock beach, average bedrock beach width, cliff length, ownership (state or
                     private), and level of development. Table 2 is a summary table of plant communities and rare
                     plant occurrences for each survey site. Rare plants are discussed within the bedrock survey sites
                     below.



                     Poverty Island

                              Poverty Island, approximately 150 acres in size, is located just southwest of Summer
                     Island. The island is nearly all bedrock sloping gently to the east. As a result, the island contains
                     low cliff all along the west shore (Plate I c), bedrock beach along the east shore, and dense boreal
                     forest throughout the island's interior. The bedrock beach, averaging 50 m wide, extends for
                     approximately 0.6 mile along the eastern shoreline. It contains a distinctive splash/scrape zone up
                     to 15 m wide that is sparsely vegetated with silverweed (Potentilla ansefina), low calamint
                     (Satureja arkansana), and harebell (Campanula rotundifolia). The vegetated zone (Plate 2c) has
                     about 20 percent cover, with shrubby cinquefoil (Potentillafruticosa), rush (Juncus balticus),
                     willow (Safix eriocephala), grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), and Ohio goldenrod
                     (Solidago ohioensis) among the dominant plant species. Rare plant species associated with this
                     bedrock beach are dwarf lake iris (Iiis lacustiis), beauty sedge (Carex concinna), and





                                                                        21

















                    Table 1. Sununa data for 1995 bedrock beach survey sites.
                            Site              Township/        Bedrock          Bedrock         Bedrock Beach:         Average        Cliff Length Ownership'            Level of
                                               Range             Type         Classification       Length (nii)    Bedrock Beach            (Mi)                      Developmene
                                                                                                                      Width (ft)
                    Poverty Island        T36N R19W            Dolostone                                0.6               164                1.4           Nu                U
                    Summer Island         T36-37N R19W         Dolostone   Engadine Dolomite            1.8                 98              0.7           N"                 M
                    Point Detour          T37N R19W            Dolostone                                1.2               190                1.7          MI/P               U
                    Kregg Bay NE          T38N R18W            Limestone       Manistique               1.5               too               --            MI/P               H
                    Stony Point           T41N R16W            Dolostone     Limestone and              0.5               138                               P                M
                               s Harbor      IN R13W           Dolostone        Dolomite                2.0               110                               P
                    1. MI = State of Nfichigan, P = private, MI/P = mixed State and private.
                    2. U    undeveloped, M     moderate development, H = heavily impacted by development.
















                         Table 2. Summary of plant communities and rare plant occurrences for the 1995 bedrock beach
                         survey sites. A indicates that this is the first reported occurrence of a particular plant or
                         community at the survey site, whereas a indicates that it was previously known from the site.
                         An 0 indicates that the plant was known to exist at the location, although it was not found or
                         searched for in 1995.
                           Plant Community or Rare Plant                          Bedrock Beach Survey Site
                                                                  Poverty     Summer   Point      Kregg Bay   Stony   Goudreau's
                                                                  Island     island    Detour       NE        Point     Harbor
                         Communities
                         Bedrock Beach (G2G3,S2)                    
                         Dry Alkaline Cliff (G4,S3)                 
                         Boreal Forest (GU,S3?)                      
                         Bedrock Glade (GU,S3)                                  
                         Plants
                         Asplenium viride (G5,S2S3)                                                                       0
                         Carex concinna (G4G5,S3)                    				                                0
                         Carex richardsonii (G4,S3S4)                          							  0
                         Cryptogramma stelleri (G5,S3S4)                        						  	  0
                         Danthonia intermedia (G5,S1S2)                                                                   0
                         Iris lacustris (G3,S3)                                 							  
                         Solidago houghtonii (G3,S2S3)                                                                    
                         Tanacetum huronense (G3Q,S3)           
                         Thalictrum venulosum (G5,S2)                                                                     0
                         (GX,SX) = (Global Rank, State Rank).   Refer to Appendix 3 for further information.
                         2Found on interior limestone cliff, not on alvar.




















                                                                         23
 




































                                                                      S_ -












                                     Poverty Island: Dolomite pavement along southeast shoreline


                    Richardson's sedge (C richardsonii). The boreal forest that dominates the entire interior portion
                    of the island is a very high quality example of it's type for Michigan. Although the forests of this
                    island are continually blown down by gusts off Lake Michigan, there are a number of groves of
                    mature northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentahs), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and paper birch
                    (Betuld papy?lfera). The lack of deer on the island has allowed for extensive thickets of Canada
                    yew (Taxus canadensis) to develop throughout the island interior. The alkaline cliff, varying from
                    2-8 in high, is among the more picturesque of the low cliffs in this part of Lake Michigan (Plate
                    Ic). It is sparsely vegetated throughout its face, but has a dense thicket of northern white-cedar
                    and balsam fir along the top. Poverty Island is wholly state owned. There is an abandoned
                    lighthouse located at the southern extreme of the island.



                    Summer Island


                        Totaling nearly 2,200 acres in size, Summer Island contains a diversity of forests and Great
                    Lakes shoreline. As with Poverty Island to the southwest, Summer Island is underlain by
                    fimestone-dolomite bedrock that dips gently to the east. However, there is much deeper soil
                    throughout Summer Island, and as a result, it supports both boreal forests and northern hardwoods
                    throughout the island interior. A west-facing dry alkaline cliff is located in the islands interior.
                    Survey of the cliff re-confirmed a previously known population of slender rock-brake
                    (Cryptogramma stelleri).
                        The bedrock beach extends for 1.6 miles along the easte _-.. shoreline. The width of the beach
                    ranges from 20-30 in. The splash/scrape zone varies from 8-16 in wide and is sparsely vegetated.



                                                                     24










                    The vegetated zone (Plate 3a) contains less than 15% cover, with shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla
                    fruticosa), Ohio goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), Indian paintbrush (Castilleja coccinea), rush
                    (Juncus balticus), spike-rush (Eleocharis pauciflora), and false asphodel (Tofieldia glutinosa)
                    among the common plant species. Rare plant species found along the inland edge of the bedrock
                    beach were dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris) (Plate 3a), beauty sedge (Carex concinna), and
                    Richardson's sedge (Carex richardsonii). Near the south end of the island, a small area of
                    bedrock glade (Plate 3c) extends another five meters inland from the shoreline. The glade is
                    dominated mostly by herbaceous plants, with patches of exposed bedrock at the surface. Hair grass
                    (Deschampsia cespitosa), low calamint (Satureja arkansana), bastard-toadflax (Comandra
                    umbellata), Kalm's St. John's wort (Hypericum kalmianum), and sedge (Carex eburnea) are
                    among the dominant vascular plant species. Several unidentified moss species were also common
                    throughout the glade. There is an active hunt camp and several access roads located adjacent to
                    the glade, so it is possible that the glade may be, at least in part, the result of past land use.
                    Portions of Summer Island fall on state forest land. Although there are several homes located on
                    the north end of the island, there are currently no permanent island residents.






                                                                                                            1.. 7-











                                                                        4d










                              Summer Island:    Bedrock beach and boreal forest along eastern shoreline.



                    Point Detour


                        Point Detour extends southeast ftom the southern tip     of the Garden Peninsula (see cover
                    photo). Bedrock beach is found in four distinct segments totaling 1.2 miles in length along the
                    eastern side of the point. Between the segments of bedrock beach there are low cliffs and cobble
                    beaches. The width of the bedrock beach varies from 16 to 100 m, with the widest portion found
                    at the south end. The splash/scrape zone varies from 3 to 10 m wide and is sparsely vegetated.



                                                                   25









                     The vegetated zone (Plate 3b) is best developed along the wide southern-most segment, where
                     vegetative cover reaches 70 percent and common plant species include beak-rush (Rhynchospora
                     capillacea), golden-seeded spike-rush (Eleocharis elliptica), rush (Juncus balticus), Ohio
                     goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis), dwarf Canadian primrose (Primuld mistassinica), spike-rush

                                                        %4*





                                                        4


















                              i401
                                                                                                                                                 0







                     Or


                                                Point Detour: Low cliffs of broken dolomite.


                     (Eleocharis pauciflora), and low calamint (Satureja arkansana). A small portion of bedrock
                     glade (Plate 4a) is found along the inland mar& of the southern-most segment of bedrock beach.
                     This area is dominated by northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis), white spruce (Picea glauca),
                     shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa), hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa), Ohio goldenrod
                     (Solidago ohioensis), and blue-joint (Calamagrostis canadensis). Along most of this shoreline
                     there is a low cobble ridge on the inland margin of the beach that supports a dense boreal forest of
                     white spruce, northern white-cedar, balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and quaking aspen (Populus
                     tremuloides). No rare plant species were encountered along this stretch of shoreline.
                         All but the southern tip of Point Detour falls on State Forest land. However, there is easy
                     access to this stretch of shoreline, so there is potential for habitat destruction from illegal use of off
                     road vehicles.



                     Kregg Bay NE

                         This is a one mile-long stretch of bedrock beach along two small points and a bay that extends
                     southeast into Lake Michigan. It is located just south of Charbaneou Lake and the Portage Bay
                     State Campground. The width of the bedrock beach varies from 17 to 28 m and is quite irregular
                     in rock structure and composition.       The southern-most portions are similar in structure to the



                                                                        26









                    bedrock beach at Point Detour, -with bleached dolostone containing cracks several inches wide.
                    There are also several large broken rocks and extensive inter-rock pools in this area. The splash
                    zone is generally about four meters wide and very sparsely vegetated. The vegetated zone
                    measures about five meters wide, and has a vegetative coverage of about 5 percent. Common plant
                    species in this area are hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa), harebell (Campanula rotundifolia),
                    smooth aster (Aster laevis), and low calamint (Satureja arkansana).


                     _%_


                                                                                               aL      -lot

                         W7





                                                      .5Z



                                                                                            Wt




                                                                                                         4W



                              Kregg Bay NE: Fine cracks in argillaceous dolomite at Charbaneau Point.

                        Along the south side of Charbaneau Point, the dolostone is not bleached and contains very fine
                    cracks (Plate I a). Much of this exposed bedrock beach is probably inundated during high Great
                    Lakes water levels. Sand has washed down from the inland margins over the surface of portions of
                    this bedrock, providing habitat for many plant species.     The splash/scrape zone in this area is
                    about I I in wide, and is completely unvegetated. The vegetated zone is covered with sand on five
                    percent of it's surface, with total vegetative cover reaching about 3 percent. Common plant species
                    along this stretch of shoreline are grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia), sedge (Carex
                    viridula, C hystericina), rush (Juncus dudleyi), silverweed (Potentilla anserina), and hair grass
                    (Deschampsia cespitosa). The inland margin of the entire shoreline is a 1.5 to 5 m high cobble
                    ridge. Nearly all of the ridge supports dense boreal forest of white spruce (Picea glauca), northern
                    white-cedar (Thuja ocidentahs), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), and white pine (Pinus
                    strobus). No rare plant species were encountered along this shoreline.
                        The central portion of this shoreline is included within state forest land. Private tracts
                    containing vacation homes are found on both Charbaneau Point and Kregg Bay. Recent tree
                    removal and trail development have taken place inland along the west end of the this bedrock
                    beach. There is much potential for habitat destruction along this stretch of shoreline.




                                                                     27












                   Stony Point

                       This 0.75 mile-long stretch of shoreline contains exposed bedrock similar in structure and
                   composition to that mentioned along Charbaneau Point. It contains fine cracks in mostly
                   unbleached dolomite. This portion of bedrock beach is clearly inundated during high Lake
                   Michigan water levels. There is a considerable amount of sand washed down onto this bedrock,
                   most of which is saturated with surface seepages. There is also a low cobble ridge located just
                   inland of the bedrock beach; this low ridge is backed by a narrow interdunal wetland (see photo
                   below). Farther inland is boreal forest of white spruce (Picea glauca), tamarack (Larix laricina),
                   balsain fir (Abies balsamea), and northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentahs).

                                                             tAA _&.I@







                                                                     . .........

                                                                      4    4





                                                                                                 z@









                         Stony Point: Fine argillaceous dolomite beach with interdunal swale in background.

                       The splash/scrape zone of this shoreline is about 24 in wide, and is almost entirely
                   unvegetated. The eight meter-wide vegetated zone contains roughly 30 percent vegetative cover,
                   20 percent open pools, and 50 percent exposed bedrock. Common plant species in the vegetated
                   zone are spike-rush (Eleocha?Is aciculafis), grass-leaved goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia),
                   three-square bulrush (Scirpus americanus), sedge (Carex crinita), and Canadian rush (Juncus
                   canadensis). Most vegetation occurs where 1-2 inches of sand have accumulated on the bedrock
                   surface. No rare plants were located along this stretch of shoreline.
                       Stony Point is privately owned. It was offered to the State and rejected as a Natural Resources
                   Trust Fund nomination in 1995. There is easy access to the site from US-2, which passes nearby
                   along the Lake Michigan shoreline.





                                                                    28













                    Goudreau's Harbor


                        This is among the most extensive and scenic stretches of bedrock beach in the state (Plates lb
                    and 2a-b). The bedrock beach of Goudreau's Harbor extends for over two miles along the west
                    side of Seul Choix Point. It is broken into a number of distinct segments that are probably
                    connected when Lake Michigan water levels are low. Past rare plant surveys have been conducted
                    along the entire length of this shoreline. Site visits for plant community characterization were
                    conducted at the east end near Seul Choix Point.
                        Although the width of bedrock beach at this site is quite variable, it averages 33 rn wide at the
                    east end. The splash/scrape zone (Plate 2b) is nine meters wide and is sparsely vegetated. The
                    vegetated zone (Plate 1c) is also quite sparsely vegetated, with common plant species including
                    rush (Juncus balticus), low calamint (Satureja arkansana), sedge (Carex W?Idula), northern bog
                    violet (Viola nephrophylla), silverweed (Potentilla anserina), Canadian rush (Juncus canadensis),
                    and shrubby cinquefoil (Potentillafruticosa). Wand of the bedrock beach, there is dense boreal
                    forest mostly dominated by northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis). A number of rare plant
                    species occur along this portion of shoreline, including dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris), Lake Huron
                    tansy (Tanacetum huronense), oat grass (Danthonia intermedia), veiny meadowrue (Thalictrum
                    venulosum), Houghton's goldenrod (Solidago houghtonii), and green spleenwort (Asplenjum
                    Wride). Piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) are known to nest along this stretch of shoreline.
                        The Goudreau family owns nearly all of this shoreline. There are several homes built along the
                    edge of the bedrock beach. The lighthouse at Scul Choix Point is located just inland of the bedrock
                    beach, and lawns extend to the bedrock beach in several places.



                    SUMMARY OF SPECIAL PLANTS



                        Table 2 summarizes special plant occurrences for the six sites surveyed in 1995. Three new
                    occurrences were documented for beauty sedge (Carex concinna, state special concern), two new
                    occurrences for Richardson's sedge (C. iichardsonii, state special concern), and one new
                    occurrence for dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustris, federal and state threatened). One known occurrence
                    of Richardson's sedge, one known occurrence of slender cliff-brake (Cryptogramma stelleri, state
                    special concern), and two known occurrences of dwarf lake iris were observed, and updated
                    occurrence information for these populations was compiled.            Completed forms for these
                    occurrences will be processed and entered into the statewide biological and conservation database.
                    The most significant occurrences are those of Point Detour, an extensive alvar glade community
                    that supports populations of Richardson's sedge, beauty sedge, and especially dwarf lake iris,
                    which dominates several large, high quality glade openings.











                                                                     29
















                                PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM 1994 AND 1995 INSECT SURVEYS



                     SUMMARIES OF KEWEENAW PENINSULA SITES



                          Five sites in the Keweenaw Peninsula (Figure 2) were surveyed for insects during 1995. Most
                     of the survey work focused on the open bedrock glades. "le no state-listed insects were
                     collected here, we are gaining a better understanding of the insect communities that occur in
                     bedrock glades. In addition, several new state and county records and disjuncts were recorded as
                     part of this study. A total of 39 species of insects from the target groups have been recorded from
                     the Keweenaw Peninsula sites. A complete list of insects recorded by site is summarized in
                     Appendix 2.

                     Agate Harbor                                                                                                              0

                          The large  open bedrock glade dominated by white pine (Pinus strobus), red pine (Pinus
                     resinosa), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), red oak Quercus rubra), and several species of shrubs
                     was sweep-netted on two occasions during the 1995 season. The site contains typical insect
                     species one would associate with these plant communities.



                     Dan's Point


                          Insect sampling was conducted within the bedrock glades north of M-26 and along the bedrock
                     shoreline north of the highway. Three species of dragonflies were recorded at the site including
                     Enallagma boreale, Leucorrhinia hudsonica, and Sympetrum obtrusum. Most of the insects from
                     this site, including many leaflioppers, are still being identified by experts. This site contains a high
                     quality alvar glade and further invertebrate survey work is recommended including black lighting
                     for nocturnal insects and land snail surveys.



                     Devil's Washtub


                          The broad glade that parallels the shoreline was sweep netted on two occasions in 1995. The
                     site is dominated by red pine (Pinus resinosa), white pine (Pinus strobus), and several shrub
                     species. There are also small openings that are dominated by grasses. Black lighting is
                     recommended for the glade so that we can continue to identify the insect communities that are
                     associated with these unique habitats.








                                                                       30












                   Horseshoe Harbor


                       Sweep net samples and black lighting occurred at the eastern edge of the preserve in the
                   narrow bedrock glades which are dominated by conifers and various shrubs. Three species of
                   dragonflies were recorded from the preserve including Enallagma cyathigerum, Epitheca canis,
                   and Cordulia shurtle . Four species of noctuid moths in the Genus Catacol, a known commonly
                   as underwings, were recorded during the August black lighting. This included Catocala
                   concumbens, C relicta, C semirelicta, and C unijuga. Many other insects collected here in 1995
                   are still being identified and the final species list for this site will greatly increase.



                   Fish Cove


                       The bedrock glade west of the Montreal River was sampled. In addition, specific survey for
                   the Northern blue (Lycaeides idas nabokovi) was conducted here because the host plant
                   (Vaccinium cespitosum) is known from the area. Neither the plant nor the butterfly were located at
                   this site but fiirther survey is recommended due to the diminutive nature of the plant and the short
                   flight period of the butterfly.



                   SUMMARIES OF DRUMMOND ISLAND SITES



                       Insect survey work was conducted at five sites on Drununond Island during September 1994
                   and during the summer of 1995. The sampling on Dnunmond Island focused on open grassland
                   areas, pavements, and a few small bedrock glades. In addition to black lighting and sweep netting,
                   we also included Malaise trapping and pitfall trapping as insect survey techniques during 1995.
                   These samples, however, are still being processed and will be included in the final report. No
                   state-listed insects were recorded from Drummond Island during this survey yet several new county
                   records and disjuncts were recorded. A total of 118 species from the target groups was recorded
                   from Drummond Island. A complete list of insects listed by survey site is included in Appendix 2.



                   Maxton Plains West

                       Several sweep net samples were taken throughout the alvar grassland areas and one night of
                   blacklighting was conducted in 1994. Sixty-seven species of insects from the target groups have
                   been recorded from Maxton Plains West (Appendix 2) including 23 species of leafhoppers
                   (Cicadellidae). Some of the typical prairie species found here include Aceratagallia n. sp. (being
                   described by K.G.A. Hamilton), Flexamia delongi, and Chloroteffix unicolor.


                   Grand. Marais Lake (Maxton Plains North)

                       This site was surveyed one time during the summer of 1995. Sweep net samples were taken
                   within three separate glades near Grand Marais Lake. All of the leafhoppers have not yet been
                   identified from this site, but a species of Flexamia (probably F. delongi) has been recorded from
                   one of the glades.


                                                                    31












                     Maxton Plains Middle


                         Sweep net samples were taken both in 1994 and 1995 at this site. A total of 30 species were
                     recorded from the target groups. Thirteen species of leafhoppers were recorded from this site
                     including Chloroteffix unicolor.



                     Maxton Plains East


                         Maxton Plains East contains one of the most disturbed alvar areas that were sampled for
                     insects. Sweep net samples were taken here in 1995 to be used in comparison with more pristine
                     alvar sites such as Maxton Plains Middle or Maxton Plains West. Only 9 species of leafhoppers
                     were taken at Maxton Plains East but this did include a Rexamia species.



                     Seamans Point


                         A single sweep net sample was taken here in 1994. The site contains both open pavement and
                     bedrock glade and further survey work is recommended.



                     Warners Cove


                         Two sweep samples and one night of black lighting was conducted at Warners Cove in August
                     of 1995. The pavement shoreline here is confined to less than a quarter mile and contained no
                     special insects. In addition to the shoreline, some very small glades fiirther inland were swnpled
                     for insects.



                     Huron Bay

                         Insect sampling at Huron Bay occurred along the shoreline in section 13 north of Helen's Lake
                     and in the small glade farther inland in section 12. Black lighting at this site occurred on one
                     occasion in 1994 and once in 1995, A total of 48 species from the target orders have been
                     recorded from the inland glade. This site also contains the leafhopper (Rexamia delongi), a
                     species associated with prairie.


                     Big Shoal Cove

                         The largest dolomite pavements in section 18 were sweep netted for insects. Although this site
                     is one of the richest sites on Drummond Island, containing nine special plants, no special insects
                     were recorded here during these surveys.







                                                                    32













                   Bass Cove Road

                       This site is not a true alvar area but several dragonflies were observed feeding along the road
                   openings and basking on the gravel road margins. Eight species of dragonflies were recorded from
                   the site, none of which are state-listed or of conservation concern.



                   SUMMARIES OF GARDEN PENINSULA SITES


                       Insect survey work within the Garden Peninsula in 1995 was very preliminary in scope. The
                   two sites surveyed included Garden Southeast and Kregg Bay. Few insect sweep samples were
                   taken at these two sites and most of the insects collected are still being sorted or identified by
                   qualified personnel. Because new alvar areas were discovered in the Garden Peninsula in 1995 by
                   staff ecologists and botanists, fiirther animal survey work here is warranted. Included should be
                   more sweep samples, black lighting, pitfall trapping, and possibly Malaise trapping.




                                                        RECOMMENDATIONS



                   Poverty Island

                       This 150-acre island, with the exception of an abandoned lighthouse on the southern end, is
                   undeveloped and within state ownership. The island supports high quality examples of boreal
                   forest and bedrock beach, with three listed plant species. Human use of the island is minimal and
                   is restricted to occasional camping on the more accessible west side of the island. A lack of deer
                   has allowed for good northern white-cedar regeneration. Furthermore, Canada yew (Taxus
                   canadensis) is a dominant understory plant. In contrast, this preferred food species has been
                   severely overbrowsed in areas where deer are abundant. Owing to the high quality nature of the
                   mature forest comrnumty, and to the extent of bedrock beach and low cliffs, it is recommended that
                   Poverty Island be maintained as a low-use site, with no ffirther development for recreation. If
                   camping or docking areas are needed, it is recommended that they be placed in the formerly
                   occupied lighthouse area, where such structures would have no impacts. Owing to the high quality
                   status of its natural areas, Poverty Island should be considered for Natural Area dedication, a
                   status which would protect the island's sensitive resources but still provide recreational
                   opportunities.



                   Summer Island


                       This large island contains extensive second growth mesic northern forest as well as a margin of
                   boreal forest, and an interior limestone escarpment. Along the shoreline are extensive low cliffs
                   and a well-developed, approximately mile and a half long stretch of bedrock beach with associated
                   rare plant species. Although there is some development on this island, which contains significant
                   private lands, there is only seasonal use. The recommendations for this site are that the state owned
                   lands with high quality bedrock beach and rare plant species be maintained with no development,


                                                                    33









                      and that private lands with significant natural features be considered for acquisition. Lastly,
                      landowner contact is suggested to educate private landowners about sensitive natural features and
                      the uniqueness of the bedrock beach resource.



                      Point Detour


                          Most of the significant areas within this site fall on state land. The site includes a collective
                      1.2 mile stretch of good quality bedrock beach; the coastal zone includes a portion of an extensive
                      bedrock glade at the tip of the Garden Peninsula. An extensive, exemplary bedrock glade
                      community covers much of the interior of the tip of the Garden Peninsula; most of this area
                      remaining intact. The bedrock beach and associated glade should both be protected. Our
                      recommendation is to pursue Natural Area dedication for this ecologically significant area, and to
                      apprise Forest Management Division of the sites' importance. The area supports a large
                      population of dwarf lake iris (Iris lacustiis) and several other rare plants, which may be impacted
                      by current timber management activities.


                      Kregg Bay NE

                          State land in this shoreline area is confined to the central portion of the shoreline, whereas
                      private tracts with vacation homes can be found on both Charbaneau Point and Kregg Bay.
                      Because of the potential for habitat destruction, it is recommended that Forest Management
                      Division be apprised of the sensitive nature of the shoreline and its periphery of dense boreal forest.
                      Land owner contact and registry should be conducted for the privately owned tracts.


                      Stony Point

                          While there were no rare species found on the Stony Point bedrock beach, there were high
                      quality interdunal swales, and also nearby occurrences of several listed Great Lakes endemic plant
                      species on surrounding coastal dunes, including Pitcher's thistle, dwarf lake iris, and Lake Huron
                      tansy. The combination of dunes and bedrock beach justify reconsideration of Land Trust
                      acquisition of this large tract in 1996.



                      Goudreau's Harbor


                          This site constitutes one of the most scenic and extensive stretches of bedrock beach in the
                      state, and is currently encompassed within private ownership. Several homes are built on the
                      periphery of bedrock exposures. Several rare plant species, including federally-listed Great Lakes
                      endemics, and at least one rare animal species, the federal- and state-endangered piping plover, are
                      known along these shores. Currently, the best approach for conservation would be to initiate and
                      maintain landowner contact regarding rare species and their sensitive, unique habitats. Landowner
                      contact may be the best approach to help determine if acquisition of this high quality area may
                      ultimately be feasible.





                                                                        34














                                                      LITERATURE CITED


                  Albert, D.A., P. Comer, D. Cuthrell, M. Penskar, M. Rabe, and C. Reschke. 1994. Bedrock
                           Shoreline Surveys of the Keweenaw Peninsula and Drummond Island In Michigan's Upper
                           Peninsula. Michigan Natural Features Inventory. Lansing, MI 48909-7944. 94p.

                  Anonymous. 1995. The Boreal Forest and Its Wildlife. MCMXCII IMP. BV/IMP Inc. Wildlife
                           Fact File. Packet 85. Group 9: North American Habitats. Card 18. Printed in U.S.A.

                  Ashworth, W. 1987. The Late Great Lakes. An Environmental History. Wayne State University
                           Press. Detroit, Michigan 48201. 274p.

                  Ehlers, G.M. 1973. Stratigraphy of the Niagaran Series of the Northern Peninsula of Michigan.
                           Museum of Paleontology, Papers on Paleontology, No.3. University of Michigan. 200p.

                  Dorr, J.A. Jr., and D.F. Eschman. 1984. Geology of Michigan. Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann
                           Arbor. 470p.

                  Hamilton, K.G.A. Pers. comm. Biological Resources Division, GLBW Agriculture Canada,
                           CEF Ottawa KIA OC6 Canada.


                  Hamilton, K.G.A. 1994. Leafhopper evidence for origins of northeastern relict prairies (Insecta:
                           Homptera: Cicadellidae). Proceedings of the l3th North American Prairie Conference.
                           (1992) pp. 61-70.

                  Hamilton, K.G.A. and D.W. Langor. 1987. Leaffiopper fauna of Newfoundland and Cape
                           Brenton Islands (Rhynchota: Homptera: Cicadellidae). The Canadian Entomologist
                           119:663-695.


                  Reed, R.C. and J. D. Daniels. 1987. Bedrock Geology of Northern Michigan. Lansing , MI: State
                           of Michigan, Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Division. I map.
                           (1:500,000).

                  Stephenson, S. Pers. comm. Department of Botany, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
                           Michigan.















                                                                 35
















                   APPENDICES:

























-1













;f






10






                      36






                                                                                                         4






                                                                                                         0




                                              APPENDIX 1:

                                                                                                         a

                             Detailed Maps of 1995 bedrock Shoreline Survey Sites



                                                                                                         a






                                                                                                         a













                                                                                                         Q













                                                                                                         C







                                                    37                                                   0








                                FAIR PORT, MICH.
                                QUADRANGLE












                                                                                                       S
                                                                                    @F IR      A-N ff   7.




                                                                                                 /79.


                                           Bedrock Beach                                               Poverty Island

                                           Cliff









                                                                                SCALE 1:24 000

                                                                                        KILOAETERS            I
                                                                                         LET06               1000                                2000
                                                                                             0
                                                                                          MLES
                                                     1000      7000       3000       4000       scuo       soon       7000       Saco       Saco      1.0000
                                                                                          FEEr





                           Appendix 1A. Extent o                   f Bedrock Beach/ Alvar and Dry Non-Acid Cliff Plant
                           communities surveyed on poverty Island. For convenience, this general survey area is
                           referred to as Poverty Island in the text.




                                                                                           38







                                                                                           FAIRPORT/ POINT DETOUR, MICH.
                                                                                           QUADRANGLES
                                                                177,                                                                                                                        IWO


                                                                                     SCALE 1:14 000

                                                                               a            K X 0&-1 _=s
                                       loan                                    0              WT E.15             1000                                 Non
                                                                  .5                             0
                                                                                               wl CS
                                1000          a-        lano       2000        3000      4000        Soon       Soon       7000        9000       gooll      10000
                                                                                               FW



                                                                                                    7, 7
                                                                     lq.5-3



                                                 78.



                                                  Bedrock Beach

                                                                                 :
                                                                                         @-rk,p A N K S\
                                                                                 @-F XA-

                                                   Cliff


                                                                   A,
                                                             tw-i  r
                                                                      T@A
                                                                                       P-E R 10 R       ST         E   F 0 a F-S
                                                                                                                T


                                                                           10,

























                                                                              7                        7


                                                                                                                                     Summer Island
                                                                                       X



                            Appendix 1B. Extent of Bedrock Beach/ Alvar and Dry Non-Acid Cliff plant
                            communities surveyed on Summer Island. For convenience, this general survey area is
                            referred to as Summer Island in the text.


                                                                                              39













                                                                                               POINT DETOUR, MICH.
                                                                                               QUADRANGLE

                                  F,@I.R








                                                      q-7
                                                0
                                                 all







                                                              7:3
                                                              4@                                                    Point Detour



                                    Bedrock Beach


                                     Cliff





                                                                               SCALE la4 000

                                                         S                            X&M-rus               1                                 2
                                                                                        WETEn             I Quo
                                      1000
                                                              A                           0
                                                                                         MUS
                               1000-                                      3000      4050      Saco      coca       700D      9008       Saco      10000


                         Appendix 1C. Extent                  of Bedrock Beach/ Alvar and Dry Non-Acid Cliff plant
                         communities surveyed on Point Detour. For convenience, this general survey area is
                         referred to as Point Detour in the text.




                                                                                      40









                               DEVILS CORNER, MICH.
                               QUADRANGLE



                                                                          E
                                                                                    -N;
                                                                            -1
                                                                             Ir

                                                                                                    Uk
                            1.2




                                                                                                                                  Bedrockseach




                                                                                       T Jc   N
                                                                                          3-$ N

                                                                                                                                Owboneau Poft









                                                                 /air                         If




                                                                                                                      Kregg Bay NE




                                                                           SCALE 1:24 000
                                                                                  XXDWETM                                                z
                                  logo                                                                loca.                            zool)


                                                                                    WLCES
                            1000        a        loco      logo      3000      4000       Saco      GOOD 7000            9000      9000     locou



                        Appendix 1D. Extent of the Bedrock Beach/ Alvar plant community surveyed in the
                        vicinity of Kregg Bay. For convenience, this general survey area is referred to as Kregg
                        Bay NE in the text.
                                                                                                                                ?


































































                                                                                    41












                                                                                                            5
                                                                                                                                                       -@j 84 -

                                                                                                       7. 1
                                                                                                                                                Marfistique
                                                                                    M
                                                                                        ICH.
                                           NISTIQUE WEST
                                   QUADRANGLE


                                             7.2







                                                                                                                                                                              r

                                       86. J                                                                               -j









                                                                                                                     "V7'. 6,

                                                                                                      .54
                                                                        N;:


                                                                                                      .3w
                                                                                                                                                  Bedrock Beach




                                                                                  6a        starw f.        .1
                                                                                                      1032



                                                                                __izj.a
                                                                           =44D
                                                        ;/at
                                                                                     '0@
                                                                                                                                          Stony Point
                                            1P
                                                                                               N







                                                                                                      SCALE 1:25 ON
                                                                                               a             KILOMETERS              1                                     2
                                                      1000                                                     METERS              1000                                  zwo
                                                   1                                                              0                                                             1
                                                                                                               MILES
                                               low           a         Iwo         2000        30M        4000        sm                     70M         8=          90M        10000
                                                                                                                FEET

                             Appendix 1E. Extent of the Bedrock Beach/ Alvar plant community surveyed on Stony
                             Point. For convenience, this general survey area is referred to as Stony Point in the text.



                                                                                                   42






                          SEUL CHOIX POINT9 MICH.
                          QUADRANGLE                                                                 @ /V
                            ';629




                                                                                                             7





                                                                                                        7












                                                           x 617

                                                            j!
                         -7
                            711
                                                                                           q





                                                                                                                                   Bedrock Beach

                                                                                              -22



                                                                                                                             xa2


                                                   G,wd)-Palis
                                                       Haro'Or



                                  Goudreau's Harbor
                                                                                                                    27
                                                                                                                            5.95                      Seul Choix
                                                                                                                                                      Point

                                                                                                                                                Ll
                                                                                                                              Oa5z Guard Sta        thouse








                                                                                        SCALE 1:24 000

                                                                                   0            MO&-mts
                                                                                   0              JETOS                                                     Z000

                                                                                                  WLCS                                                          -
                                   1000                   1000        2000         3000      4000       SGOO                   7000        8000        9000       10000
                                                                                                   F E
                             Appendix 1F. Extent of the Bedrock Beach/ Alvar plant community surveyed in the
                             vicinity of Goadreaus Harbor.                    For convenience, this general survey area is referred to as
                             Goudreau's Harbor in the text.



                                                                                                43










       Appendix 2. Insect Species Occurrences in 1994-95 for Michigan Bedrock Sites.

       AH=Agate Harbor, DP=Dan's Point, DW=Devil's Washtub, HH=Horseshoe Harbor, FC=Fish Cove, MPW=Maxton Plains West, GML--Grand Marais Lake,
       MPM=Maxton Plains Middle, MPE=Maxton Plains East, SP=Seamans Point, WC=Wamers Cove, HB=Huron Bay, BSC=Big Shoal Cove, BCR=Bass Cove Road,
       GS--Garden Southeast, KB=Kregg Bay NE

        HEMIPTERA                   AH DP DW HH FC MPW GML MPM MPE SP                                                 WC       HB       BSC       BCR GS KB
        Family Alydidae
        Protenor belfragei                                              0                   0                                  0
        Family Miridae
        Adelphocoris finolatus
        Lygus lineolaris
        Family Nabidae
        Lasiomerus annulatus
        Nabicula subcoleoptrata
        Family Pentatomidae
        Banasa dimidiata
        Chlorochroa persimilis
        Cosmopepla fintneriana
        Euschistus tristigmus
        Dygaster alternata
        Homaemus aenifrons                               0       0      0
        Mormidea lugens                                                 0
        Neottiglossa undata
        Family Reduviidae
        Sinea diadema                                                   0
        HOMOPTERA
        Family Cercopidae
        @Ehrqphora cribrata
        Clastoptera obtusy
        Clastoptera saintcyri











              Appendix 2. Continued.

                Family Cicadellidae (cont.) AH        DP DW HH             FC MPW         GML -MPM MPE SP WC HB                           BSC BCR -GS             KB
                Lepyronia coleoptrata
                Neophilaenus lineatus                                                                                                                      0      0
                Philaenarchys bilineata
                Philaenus spumah   .us
                Family Cicadellidae             AH    DP DW         HH     FC MPW         GML      MPM      MPE SP WC             HB      BSC BCR          GS     KB
                *Acertagallia n.sp.                   0                                                                    0      0                        0      0
                Amplichephalus inimicus                                                                                           0
                Athysanus argentatus
                Balanocems provancheri
                Balclutha sp.
                *Chlorotettix sp.
                *Chlorotettix unicolor                                           40                0                 40           0       0
                Cicadula subcupraea
                Cicadula smithi                                                                                                          1
                Colladonus eburatus                                                                                               0
                Cuerna striata
                Diplocolenus configuratus
                Doratura stylata
                Empoa latifasciata
                Erythroneura sp.
                Fitchana vitellina
                *Flexamia sp.
                *Flexamia delongi













                       I @             0                91               di              41               0










             Appendix 2. Continued

             Family Cicadellidae (cont.) AH           DP      DW HH            FC MPW GML MPM MPE SP WC                                HB BSC BCR GS                 KB
             -*Graminella_fitchii                                                    0                                          0
             Helochara communis                                                                                                 0      0
             Idiodonus morsei                                                        0                                                 0
             Kyboasca sp.                                                                                                              0
             Latalus sp.                                               0       0                                                0      0
             Laevicephalus acus                                                      0         40       0        0              0      9
             Limoteffir spp.                                                         0
             Limoteffix balli
             Limoteffix                                                              0
             pseudosphagneticus
             Limoteffix urnura
             Macropsis quadpimatulata                                                                   0
             Macrosteles sp.                                           0      10                        0
             Neokolla hieroglyphica                                                                     0
             Paraphelpsius sp.
             Polyamia apicata
             Psammoteffix lividellus
             Scaphytopius sp.                                          0       0                        0
             Verdanus evansi  .
             Family Dictyopharidae                                                                      0
             Scolopes sulcipes
             Family Issidae                                                                             0
             Bruchomorpha occulata
             Family Me bracidae
             Campylenchia latipes










           Appendix 2. Continued


           ORTHOPTERA                     AH DP DW HH FC MPW GML MPM MPE SP WC HB BSC BCR                                                         GS     KB
           Family Acrididae
           Chorthippus curtipennis                                          0               0                             0     0
           Melanoplus islandicus                                            0                                                   0
           Stethophyma gracila
           Trlmerotrqpi@ verriculata
           Family Gryllidae
           Allonemobius griseus                                                             0
           Family Tetrigidae
           Nomoteffix cristatus
           Family Tettigoniidae
           Conocephalus brevipennis                                                         0
           Conocephalusfasciatus                                                            0
           -Conocephalus saltans
           Neoconocephalus ensiger
           Orchilium gladiator
           ODONATA                        AH DP DW HH FC MPW GML MPM                                 MPE SP WC M                BSC JBCR          GS     KB
           Family Aeschnidae
           Aeschna constricta
           Aeschna interrypta
           Basiaeschnajanata
           Family Coenagrionidae
           Enallagma boreale
           Enallagma c runculatum
           Enallagma cyathigerum













                                    t I            11              4 1











               Appendix 2. Continued

                                             AH    DP DW HH FC MPW GML MPM MPE SP                                    WC HB BSC BCR GS KB
               Family CoEduliidae
               Epitheca canis                                    0
               Family Gomphidae
               Gomphus spicatus
               Family Libellulidae
               Cordulia shurtleffi
               Leucorrhiniafrigida
               Leucorrhinja hudsonica              0
               Leucorrhinia intacta
               Libellulajulia
               Libellula quadrimaculata
               Sympetrum obtrusum                  0
       00
               LEPIDOPTERA                   AH    DP DW         HH    FC    MPW GML MPM MPE SP WC                          RB BSC         BCR GS       KB
               Family Lassiocampidae
               Tolype velleda
               Tolype laricis
               Family Notodontida'e
               Clostera albosigma                                            0
               Gluphisia tentplognis                                         0
               Family Arctiidae
               Grammia virguncula                                            0
               Family Noctuidae
               Amphipoea interoceana                                         0
               Anagraphafalcifera
               Catocala antinympha
               Catocala bn'sei's










         Appendix 2. Continued

           Family Notodontidae (cont.) AH DP DW                   HH FC MPW GML                      MPM MPE             SP     WC       HB       BSC BCR           GS KB
           Catocala concumbens
           Catocala meski
           Catocala relicta
           Catocala semirelicta
           Catocala sordida
           Catocala unijuga
           Enargia decolor
           Enargia infimata
           Euxoa perpolita
           Faronta diffusa
           Feltiajaculifera                                                                                                              0
           Helotropha reniformis                                                                                                         0
      4Z.,
      1-0  Leucania multillinea
           Litholomia napaea                                                                                                             0
           Magusa orbifera
           Nedra ramosula
           Nephelodes mim    .ans                                                                                                        0
           Ochropleura plecta
           Oligia bridghami                                                                                                              0
           Oligia illocata
           Papaipema harrisii                                                                                                            9
           Papaipema ptersh
           Phlogophora periculosa
           Plusia conte ta
           Protolampra brunneicollis











                                                                          41               4 1










         Appendix 2. Continued


          Family Notodontidae    AH DP DW HH FC MPW GML MPM MPE SP WC                               HB    BSC BCR GS KB
          (cont.)
          Pseudoplusia includens
          Spodopterafirugiperda
          Sunira bicolorago
          Syngrapha epidaea
          Syngrapha rectangula
          Trichosilia geniculata
          Xestia adela Franclemont
          Xestia collaris
          Xestia smithii
          Family Geometridae
              MOS magnana
          Cingifia catenari.a
        -Lambdinafiscellaria


        special mention in text
     shadding = light trap site











                                                                APPENDIX III


                                             GLOBAL AND STATE ELEMENT RANKING CRITERIA
                                                   Michigan Natural Features Inventory, 1995

                     GLOBAL RANKS
                            G1=      critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences
                                     range-wide or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s)
                                     making it especially vulnerable to extinction.
                            G2=      imperiled globally because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining
                                     individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to
                                     extinction throughout its range.
                            G3=      either very rare and local throughout its range or found locally (even abundantly at
                                     some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g. a single western state, a
                                     physiographic region in the East) or because of other factor(s) making it vulnerable
                                     to extinction throughout its range; in terms of occurrences, in the range of 2 1 to 100.
                            G4=      apparently secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range,
                                     especially at the periphery.
                            G5=      demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range,
                                     especially at the periphery.
                            GH =     of historical occurrence throughout its range, i.e. formerly part of the established
                                     biota, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered (e.g. Bachman's Warbler).
                            GU =     possibly in peril range-wide, but status uncertain; need more information.
                            GX =     believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g. Passenger Pigeon) with virtually no
                                     likelihood that it will be rediscovered.
                     STATE RANKS
                            S1 =     critically imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences or
                                     very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it
                                     especially vulnerable to extirpation in the state.
                            S2 =     imperiled in state because of rarity (6 to 20 occurrences or few remaining
                                     individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to
                                     extirpation from the state.
                            S3 =     rare or uncommon in state (on the order of 21 to 100 occurrences).
                            S4 =     apparently secure in state, with many occurrences.
                            S5 =     demonstrably secure in state and essentially ineradicable under present conditions.
                            SA =     accidental in state, including species (usually birds or butterflies) recorded once or
                                     twice or only at very great intervals, hundreds or even thousands of miles outside
                                     their usual range.
                            SE =     an exotic established in the state; may be native elsewhere in North America (e.g.
                                     house finch or catalpa in eastern states).
                            SH =     of historical occurrence in state and suspected to be still extant.
                            SN =     regularly occurring, usually migratory and typically nonbreeding species.
                            SR =     reported from state, but without persuasive documentation which would provide a
                                     basis for either accepting or rejecting the report.
                            SRF=     reported falsely (in error) from state but this error persisting in the literature.
                            SU =     possibly in peril in state, but status uncertain; need more information.
                            SX =     apparently extirpated from state.



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