Chatham County hurricane response plan

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

CHATHAM COUNTY
HURRICANE RESPONSE PLAN

FEBRUARY, 1982

prepared by
Coastal Area Planning
aM Development Commission
cooperation with
QC
944
also-

.c3 h.deral Emergency Management Agency and
1982 aorgia Emergency Management Agency

CHATHAM COUNTY

HURRICANE RESPONSE PLAN

'@"V'mjrty Of CSC Llbraz7

U S OEI@ARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
SERVICES "ENTER
22 3 u f H H 0 8 S0N AVENUE
ChAhLt6JON, SC 29405-2413

C"
cln

Prepared by

COASTAL AREA PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

P. 0. Box 1917
Brunswick, Georgia 31521

The work that provided the basis for this publication was
supported by funding under a Cooperative Agreement with the
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
The substance and findings of that work are dedicated to the
public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the
accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this
publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the
views of the Government.

Contract Number

EMW - K - 0485

March, 1982

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
S,rNT19 OF GzOr

WHEREAS: The Georgia Natural Disaster Operations Plan and the assignment of primary AND IT IS FURTHER
and support responsibilities for various emergency services under the plan ORDERED: That any Executive Order in conflict with this Order is hereby rescinded.
were provided for by Executive Qrders dated February 8, 1978 and April 5,
1979; and This 25th day of August, 1981.
WHEREAS: The 1981 Session of the Georgia General Assembly amended the Georgia
Civil Defense Act of 1951, as amended, by changing the short title of said
Act to the Georgia Emergency Management Act of 1981, redesignating
the State Civil Defense Agency as the Georgia Emergency Management ATTEST:
Agency, and changing all references and functions related to Civil Defense VERNOR
to Emergency Management; and
WHEREAS: The effective date of this amendment was July 1, 1981. 4@m
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
NOW, THEREFORE, PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORITY VESTED IN
ME AS GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA, IT IS HEREBY

ORDERED: That the Executive Orders dated February 8, 1978 and April 5, 1979 be
amended by deleting the words "State Civil Defense Agency" and inserting
in lieu thereof the words "Georgia Emergency Management Agency"; by
deleting the words "Director of Civil Defense" in their entirety wherever
the same may appear in the aforementioned Executive Orders and inserting
in lieu thereof the words "Director of Emergency Management"; by deleting
the words "Civil Defense Division" in their entirety wherever the same may
appear in the aforementioned Executive Orders and inserting in lieu thereof
the words "Emergency Management Division"; and by deleting the words
"Civil Defense" in their entirety wherever the same may appear in the
aforementioned Executive Orders and inserting in lieu thereof the words
"Emergency Management".

CHANGE2
viii-a

SEPTEMBER 1981

Table of Contents

I Introduction ..................................................... 1-1
-Definitions ...................................................... 1-3

11. Hurricane Hazards ............................................... 11-1

Ill. Direction and Control ........................................... 111-1
-Legal Authorities .............................................. 111-1
-Purpose and Scope ............................................ 111-1
-Responsibility ................................................. 111-1
-Emergency Operating Conditions ............................... 111-1
-Increased Readiness Actions ................................... 111-3
-Concept of Operations ......................................... 111-3
-Coordination of Resources ...................................... 111-3
IV. Communications and Warning ..................................... IV-1
-Responsibility ............................................. * - * IV-1
-Concept of Operations .......................................... IV-1
Activation of Warning Devices ................................. IV-6
Resources .................................................... IV-6
Increased Readiness Actions ................................... IV-7
Warning Termination .......................................... IV-7
Tests and Revision of the System .............................. IV-7

V. Public Information
-Responsibility .... , ............................................. V-1
-Concept of Operations ........................................... V-1

VI. Evacuation and Re-entry ........................................ VI-1
-Responsibility ................................................. VI-1
-Concept of Operations ......................................... VI-1

VII. Shelters ....................................................... VII-1
-Responsibility, ................................................ VII-1
-Concept of Operations ........................................ VII-1
Medical and Social Services ................................... VI 1-4
Registration ................................................ VII-4
Care and Feeding ............................................ VII-5
Maintenance ................................................. VII-6
Shelter Closing ............................................... VII-6

Vill. Clean-up and Recovery ....................................... VIII-1
-Responsibility ............................................... VIII-1
-Concept of Operations ....................................... VIII-1

IX. Attachments
1. Storm Surge Data
2. Readiness Action Checklists
3. News Media Call List
4. Evacuation Map
5. Hurricane Response Survey
6. Shelter Listing
7. Damage Assessment Team Call List
8. Hazard Assessment
9. Emergency Public Information

List of Tables

Attachment One
Table 1 Input Parameters for Hypothetical Hurricanes
Table 2 Selected Storm Tracks and Categories
Table 3 Landfalling Storm Approaching Normal to Coast
Table 4 Paralleling Hurricane

Attachment Two - HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECK LISTS
Table 1 Rescue Services/EMS, Health Department, Dept of Family &
Children Services
Table 2 Board of Education, Red Cross Chapter, County Commission/
Mayor /Administration
Table 3 County Civil Defense, Law Enforcement, Fire Service
Table 4 Public Works - Roads Division, Water/Sewer, Highway Safety
Table 5 Public Works - Salvation Army, Senior Citizens' Centers

Attachment Five
Table 1 Hurricane Response Survey

Attachment Six

Table 1 Shelter List

List of Illustrations

Figure 1 Executive Order
Figure 2 Functional Support to Local Government .............. 111-4
Figure 3 Warning System - Encoder/Decoder Units ............. IV-2
Figure 4 Warning System - Schools ............................ IV-3
Figure 5 Warning System - Nursing Homes ..................... IV-4
Figure 6 Notification System for Shelter Openings ............. VII-3

Attachment One
Figure A Simulated Landfalling Storm Tracks
Figure B Simulated Paralleling Storm Tracks
Figure 1 Open Coast Peak Storm Surge Landfalling Storms
Figure 2 Open Coast Peak Storm Surge Paralleling Storm
15 mi. W. of Coastline (inland)
Figure 3 Open Coast Peak Storm Surge Paralleling Storm
on the Coastline
Figure 4 Open Coast Peak Storm Surge Paralleling Storm
15 mi. E. of Coastline
Figure 5 Open Coast Peak Storm Surge Paralleling Storm
30 mi. E. of Coastline
Figure 6 Open Coast Peak Storm Surge Paralleling Storm
45 mi. E. of Coastline

Attachment Four
Figure 1 Evacuation Map

1. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this plan is to outline procedures for Hurricane Response.
It has been prepared by the Chatham County Board of Commissioners,
Chatham County Civil Defense Director and other local officials to support
the Chatham County Emergency and Disaster Operations Plan (EDOP). The
21 Annexes of the EDOP will not be repeated, rather, functions specifically
requiring additional detail for hurricane response will be expanded.

This plan provides primarily for the response activities of local government
departments within the county. It also addresses assistance available from
State and Federal agencies in the event that hurricane response efforts are
beyond the capability of local government. Volunteer group support is also
addressed in each section.

This plan has been developed under the guidance of the Georgia Emergency
Management Agency (GEMA) and in accordance with the Hurricane Evacuation
Plan for Coastal Georgi

DEFINITIONS

TROPICAL DISTURBANCE --------------------------- A moving area of thunder-
storms in the tropics.
TROPICAL DEPRESSION ----------------------------- An area of low pressure
rotary circulation of clouds
and winds to 38 MPH.

TROPICAL STORM ---------------------------------- Counterclockwise circulation
of clouds and winds 39 MPH -
73 MPH. The storm is assigned
a name.
HURRICANE ----------------------------------------- When a Tropical Storm reaches
winds of 74 MPH or more it is
classified as a Hurricane. Bad
weather is generally widespread
throughout the storm system.

A hurricane's strength is described by five categories. This is called the
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale*:

CATEGORY ONE: Winds of 74-95 miles per hour. Damage primarily to shrub-
bery, tr@_e -foriage and unanchored mobile homes. No real damage to other
structures. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. And/or: storm surge
8 to 9.5 feet above normal tide level. Low lying coastal roads inundated, minor
pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings.

CATEGORY TWO: Winds of 96-110 miles per hour. Considerable damage to
shrubbery and tree foliage. Some trees blown down. Major damage to exposed
mobile homes. Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some damage to
roofing material of buildings. And/or: storm surge of 11 to 13 feet above
normal tide level. Coastal roads and low lying escape routes inland cut by
rising water 7 to 8 hours before arrival of hurricane center. Considerable
damage to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected anchorages
town from moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying
areas required.

CATEGORY THREE: Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn from
trees, large trees blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown
down. Some damage to roofing materials of buildings; some window and door
damage. Some structural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed.
And/or: storm surge 17 to 20 feet above normal tide level. Serious flooding at
coast and many small structures near coast destroyed. Larger structures near
coast damaged by battering waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes
inland cut by rising water 9 to 10 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major
erosion of beaches. Massive evacuation of all residences within 500 yards of
shore possibly required, and of single-story residences on low ground within
2 miles of shore.

*Estimated surge heights presented here are for the Georgia coast. (See
Attachment One - Storm Surge Data).

1-3

Major damage to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and
battering of waves and floatinq debris. Low-lying escape routes inland
cut by rising water 11 to 12 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major
erosion of beaches. Massive evacuation of all residences within 500 yards
of shore possibly required, and of single-story residences on low ground
within 2 miles of shore.

CATEGORY FIVE: Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and
trees blown down, considerable damage to roofs of buildings all signs
blown down. Very severe and extensive damage to windows and doors.
Complete failure to roofs of many residences and industrial buildings.
Extensive shattering of glass in windows and doors. Some complete
building failures. Small buildings overturned or blown away. Complete
destruction of mobile homes. And/or: storm surge greater than 27 feet
above normal tide level. Major damage to lower floors of all structures less
than 15 feet above sea level within 500 vards of shore. Low-lying escape
routes inland cut by rising water 12 to 13 hours before hurricane center
arrives. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within
5 to 10 miles of shore possibly required.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER THAT THE ARRIVAL OF THE STORM CENTER
WILL BE PRECEDED BY STRONG WINDS AND RAIN SEVERAL HOURS BEFORE
ACTUAL LANDFALL.

ADVISORY ------------------------------------- A method for disseminating hurricane
and storm data to the public every
6 hours. Small craft warnings are
released as necessary.

SPECIAL ADVISORY or BULLETIN -------------- Warning given anytime there is a
significant change in weather con-
ditions or change in warnings.

INTERMEDIATE ADVISORY or BULLETIN ------- A method of updating regular advisory
information every 2 or 3 hours as
necessary.

LOCAL STATEMENT ---------------------------- These are disseminated by the local
National Weather Service office and
provide specific information about the
anticipated effects of the storm for
local areas.

GALE WARNING -------------------------------- Wind speed of 39-54 MPH expected.

STORM WARNING ------------------------------ Wind speed of 55-73 MPH expected.

MAJOR STORM --------------------------------- Category 3, 4 or 5 storm.

HURRICANE WATCH --------------------------- A hurricane may threaten your area
within 24 to 36 hours.

HURRICANE WARNING ------------------------- A hurricane is expecte to strike your
area within 24 hours or less.

TORNADO WATCH ----------------------------- Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms
are possible in your area.

1-4

TORNADO WARNING --------------------------- Tornado detected in your area, TAKE
SHELTER.

STORM SURGE --------------------------------- The strong winds associated with
Hurricanes and Tropical Storms cause
the sea level to rise above normal tidal
heights, with giant wind-driven waves
and strong unpredictable currents,
sometimes covering 50 miles.

CONTROL GROUP ------------------------------ The Executive group within local
government who make decisions
about local response activities.

SUPPORT GROUP ------------------------------ The local governmental departments
and volunteers who will carry out
the response activities upon direction
of the control group.

DIRECTION AND CONTROL --------------------- The management of emergency response.
The concept of direction and control
provides the framework and legal
authority for decisions to be made
within the county and city government.
It also provides for the organization
of response teams and direction of
their activities.

11. HURRICANE HAZARDS

The three major hazards produced by a hurricane are the storm surge, high
winds, and rainfall. Of these, the storm surge is by far the most dangerous,
historically causing nine out of 10 hurricane-related deaths. The high winds
of a hurricane can also have a devastating effect on persons outdoors or inside
unsound structures during the passage of the storm. Finally, although rain-
fall usually does not directly cause death in a hurricane, it may inundate
potential evacuation routes and prevent persons from evacuating areas vulner-
able to the storm surge.

Storm Tides and Wave Heights

Storm tides and floods account for over three-fourths of the deaths and much
of the destruction associated with hurricanes. Much of their destructiveness
results from the rapid rise of the tide. Near the head of an estuary, such as
those along Georgia's coast, the highest tides may be twice the height of those
on the open coast.

The storm surge is the difference between the storm-induced water level and
the normal water level. Storm surge is also a name for the swell or dome of
water pushed against the shore as a hurricane approaches land. On the open
ocean. the surge mav hardIv be noticeable. but when it approaches shore, the
effect is dramatic. The shallower the coastal water, the higher the surge.
Depending on the conformation of the shore and ocean bottom, the storm surge
may reach heights of 81 or more above the normal (astronomical) tide level.

The Continental Shelf at the Georgia Coast slopes more gradually than any other
area along the Atlantic Coast. Thus, the highest storm surge along the Atlantic
Coast; would be produced at the Georgia Coast. The record storm tide in
Georgia 1.9. 5'occurred at Savannah Beach in 1893.

Many factors are involved in the formation and degree of propagation of a storm
surge. These include the intensity of the hurricane, the size of the hurricane,
the forward speed of the hurricane, bottom conditions where the surge comes
.ashore, the position or angle of the hurricane's track as it crosses the coastline,
and the physical configuration of the coastline where the surge comes ashore.

The more intense the hurricane, the higher the surge will be. Generally,
shallow water locally off a coast where the hurricane comes ashore increases
the surge height. Also, the closer to perpendicular that the track of the
hurricane follows in relation to the coastline, the higher the surge will be.
The presence of a major bay, inlet, or river mouth where the surge comes ashore
can greatly amplify the height of surge as it travels from the bay or river mouth
to the back of the bay or up the river. This potential "funneling effect" of
the surge is a'.particular problem in the Brunswick and Savannah areas.

The second important effect of the storm surge is its ability to inundate
coastal roadways hours before the eye of the hurricane actually makes land-
fall (eye landfall). This would render such potential evacuation routes useless
to vehicles attempting to flee from areas vulnerable to the approaching brunt
of the surge.

High Winds

High winds also render certain segments of the population vulnerable to the
passing hurricane and those persons should be evacuated. This hazard applies
to residents of structures unable to withstand the stress and uplift forces from
hurricane force winds. Hurricane force winds are defined as winds with a
maximum sustained velocity exceeding 74 miles per hour (mph). Hurricane
winds have been recorded as high as 190 mph.

Mobile homes are particularly susceptible to hurricane force winds. Mobile
homes are necessarily of lightweight construction, with generally flat sides
and ends. Because of these characteristics, the winds of hurricanes can toss
mobile homes around, rolling them over and over to complete destruction. In
addition, even a mobile home that is not overturned is quite vulnerable to
smashing from other neighboring mobile home units rolling into it.

Although local regulations require that mobile homes be anchored to withstand
high winds with " over- the-top " and frame tiedowns, anchorage system require-
ments usually are designed to withstand a wind velocity of from 70 to 110 mph.2
Because hurricane winds can reach 190 mph, the Nationa@ Weather Service
recommends that all residents of mobile homes evacuate to a more sound structure
when threatened by the direct hit of a hurricane.

Just as with the analysis of the storm surge, the high winds hazard must not
only be considered as to its predicted extent of effect, but also its timing effect.
Dangerously high winds usually arrive at the coastline hours before the eye of a
hurricane makes landfall. Evacuation activities cannot be safely carried out after
the arrival of sustained gale force winds (40 mph including significantly higher
gusts). Therefore, all evacuees should have completed their movement to their
destinations before the arrival of sustained gale force winds.

Rainfall

No predictive too[ is available for determining the rate and ultimate geographic
distribution of the expected six to 12 inches of rainfall generally accompanying
a hurricane. However, rainfall exerts only a minor influence on the transient
water levels of a storm surge.3

Rainfall in itself does not normally necessitate the emergency evacuation of large

2U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, Protecting
Mobile Homes from High Winds, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1972, p. 8.
3Kenneth C. Crawford, Hurricane Surge Potentials Over Southeast Louisiana
as Revealed by a Storm-Surge Forecast Model: A Preliminary Study, U.S.
Department of Commerce, NOAA-NWS, August, 1978, p.5

11-2

numbers of residents during the passage of a hurricane as does the storm
surge. However, as stated earlier, it may cause the early inundation of
roadways sought as evacuation routes by vehicles attempting to escape from
areas vulnerable to the approaching storm surge.

Even though rainfall normally does not directly cause loss of life, freshwater
inundation of roadways preceding hurricane eye landfall could well cause the
severing of evacuation routes, adding critical hours to the overall evacuation
time.

SPLASH (Special Program to List Amplitudes of Surge from Hurricanes)

Anticipated storm surge levels for the open coast of Georgia have been calculated
by the National Hurricane Center through the use of a computerized model. A
"Special Program to List Amplitudes of Surge from Hurricanes" (SPLASH) has
resulted in expected surge levels for Category 1 through 5 storms making
landfall on or near the Georgia coast.

Attachment 1 shows profile drawings and computations derived from the SPLASH
model. Anticipated surge levels reflect the storm surge added to the astronomical
high tide level.

It has been found that the maximum storm surge from a Category 1-4 storm will
occur approximately 20 miles north of the point of landfall. Maximum surge from
a Category 5 storm will occur approximately 12 miles north of the point of landfall.
This is due to the compact nature of severe storms.

Gale force winds will occur several hours prior to landfall. SPLASH computations
reflect the point at which such winds will begin. Evacuation should be complete
before that time.

11-3

Ill. DIRECTION AND CONTROL

Legal Authorities

Legal authorities for implementation of this plan are set forth in the Chatham
County EDOP.

Purpose and Scope

Specifically, the objectives of this plan are to:

1. Alert local officials and the general public.

2. Protect and save lives.

3. Coordinate response activities of local officials.

4. Provide for orderly evacuation of threatened areas.

5. Coordinate activities with inland host county officials and others involved
in hurricane response.

6. Prevent or minimize damage to property.

7. Provide for the rapid recovery of the stricken area,

The Chatham County Hurricane Response Plan addresses hurricane preparedness,
response and recovery in Chatham County. It has been prepared in accordance
with the Georgia Natural Disaster Operations Plan (NDOP), Hurricane Evacuation
Plan for Coastal Georqia and the Chatham-Savannah Emergency and Disaster
Up-eri-tions Plan (EDOP). It has been coordinated with adjacent county hurricane
response plans, host county plans, and other state and federal agency plans which
affect Chatham County.

Responsibility

This plan will be carried out in accordance with the Chatham-Savannah EDOP and
resolutions of Chatham County and the City of Savannah.

Emergency Operating Conditions

The extent of response activities will directly relate to the intensity of the approach-
ing storm. Early alerting of state and local officials and concerned agencies serving
in an immediate or standby capacity is essential to evacuation operations. Information
regarding warning or response actions contemplated or taken will be coordinated
between the state and local governments affected. Increased readiness actions will
be taken progressively (as the hurricane approaches and as the threat of injury or
property damage increases) in accordance with Hurricane Operation Conditions
(OPCON's) described as follows:

Hurricane Threat/National Hurricane Preparedness/Response
Weather Service (NWS) Action Condition Activity

Hurricane season/NWS monitors 5 Day-to-day operations
development of tropical storms
disturbances.

Hurricane has developed or 4 Review Natural Disaster
may be developing which could Operations Plan and Hurri-
pose a threat of Georgia coast/ can Evacuation Plans.
NWS issues Advisories at 6-hour Storm track and projection
intervals (intensity, location, plotted.
direction and speed of. movement,
projected location) .

Hurricane or tropical storm with 3 Activate appropriate
hurricane potential may strike portion(s) of Hurricane
portion of Georgia coast within Response Plan. EOC
24-36 hours/NWS issues Hurri- activated.
cane Watch for all or portion of
Georgia coast. Intermediate
Advisories may be issued at 2
or 3 hour intervals between
scheduled advisories.

Hurricane will probably strike 2 Mobilization of personnel
an area of Georgia coast within and resources - maximum
24 hours/NWS issues Hurricane preparedness level.
Warning for all or a portion of
Georgia coast. Advisories and
intermediate advisories are supple-
mented by Local Statements.

Action Statements issued by
Savannah NWS Station (always
after NWS advisories).

Hurricane will probably stike Full fledged emergency.
specific area of Georgia coast Full implementation of Hurricane
within 12 hours/hurricane warning Response Plan.
now narrowed to specific area. *
Advisories and local action state-
ments continue.

*Erratic movement of some storms may delay warning for specific area to as little
as 6 hours prior to landfall.

111-2

Increased Readiness Actions

The- actions of governmental departments and volunteer groups with primary
response roles in a storm are keyed to Operating Conditions and the storm's
proximity. The "Readiness Actions Checklists" in Attachment 2 provide a
guide for actions to be taken as the storm approaches. In some situations,
actions may be taken pLj@Lr to the suggested times indicated on the checklist.
Response actions will depend on the severity of the storm and various other
conditions such as the time of day and astronomical tide height.

Checklists for support groups are also included in Attachment 2.

Concept of Operations

The concept of operations is addressed in the Chatham-Savannah EDOP. This
includes the make-up of EOC staff.

Coordination of Resources

City and County governments will utilize all available resources to meet the
existing emergency. When local resources are determined to be inadequate,
state or federal agency assistance may be requested.

The County Commission Chairman and the Mayor of Savannah have the authority
by Resolution to solicit equipment or manpower within the scope of affected
local governmental jurisdictions to meet such emergencies. Written agreements
should be formed wherever possible to ensure the availability of resources.

Resources outside the realm of Chatham County and city governments will be
addressed in each section of the plan. A summary of support services and
providers is shown in Figure 2. For more detail, see the National Disaster
Operations Plan.

111-3

U
1@
> w r
0 Q) w
cu P
FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT TO :3 2 w 00 r w
0 w -H 0 M > Q)
r
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ROLES 0) U r co V. El POO HM w W
0 r
> U 0 0 0 U
-H '4 0j $1 @o w w M bD
0 r
w 0 r w 0 w 4
AND RESPONSIBILITIES w-Z M a M 0 ca a) ca a
W00,00"Owu0m
44 W >' -H P :3 -'qw
M -H -H d) 0i M C4w w w 'a'w Id 0
w 0 g P M @ U " 0 P@ U
0 01 :3 H r r 0 w o m
w 14
w w o >
0 0 m :3
> 0 to> w
o
@-q0 w lo wW P4z >ww P w 3
J '3 ZP4 o4 P4 E' W 1@
@4
o o w z bo
o o o o o o o o w o o o o r w 0
w r
m w o@ o. M D. cc cl o cu
w o o
9919 9 A AL
Training/Education

1. Public Information x Yl
2. Training x xIx x Ix Ix Ix Ix x x xxx x X X
3. Education x x x xI x I I x x
.4. Planning Assistance x Ix x I I x x x
. - I x I
COMMUNICATION/WARNING x III Ix x xIx I I xx xxx x I
INVENTORY OF RESOURCES/COORDINATION/EMERGENCY SERVICE I I I
1 .Police Servites x I ix x Ix xx x x x x
2. Fire Services x xI ix x x ix xx x xx :x x
3. Search, Rescue and Recovery x I Ix x x ix x xx x x x
4. Engineering Services x x x x I x x xx x x I
5.State Military Support I x I I I I 111
6. Fuel x Ix x I x 2X XX x x
7, Utilities x Ix x x 2x xx x x
x xIx x x I I x
8. Procurement x II
9. Coordination of Private Organizations/Volunteers x x x x x Ix x xx x x
EVACUATION/TRANSPORTATION/RE-ENTRY
1. Evacuation x x x x x x IxI Ix xx x x
Transportation x x x I xx IxII Ix x
I : x
x
SHELTERS x x x x
CLEAN-UP*
RECOVERY OF SERVICES

I .Disaster Assistance Operations Center x x x xx x x x x x x x x x xx xxx x x x
2. Damage Assessment and Reporting x x x x x x x x x x x x xx x x x
3. Health and Social Services x x x 3 x x ix x x xx x x x x x
4. Temporary Housing x x x x x x x x x x
5. Mortuary - Identification Services x x x x xx x

v
6. Public Property Assistance -i II
X1 x x x .11 - I I
7. Insurance Administration x X. x x x
8. Investigation x x x x x x x x
9. Unemployment and Re-employment x x x x x x X
o

@xx
X_

X
@x

xIx x
IX ILX. 1.

10. Timber removal and salvage x x x x x I X1 X x
11. Life support supplies x x
12. Manpower for Clean-up x x H L - - - Ft ,I

Footnotes:
(1) Office of the Governor; (2) Office of Energy Resources; (3) State Office of Housing
*To includa private relief organizations (i.e. Red Cross, Salvation Army), private industry; professional associations and participants in
mutual ai e agreements.

IV. COMMUNICATIONS AND WARNING

Responsibility

In accordance with the Chatham-Savannah EDOP, it is the responsiblity of
the Civil Defense Director to maintain the communication and warning system.
The Chatham County Civil Defense is responsible for receipt and relay of the
primary warning message.

Concept of Operations

The National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida, gathers and interprets
information about Atlantic tropical weather disturbances from many different
sources. If a disturbance intensifies to tropical storm strength and appears
to be headed toward land, the Center will begin to issue advisories. These
may be picked up by news media and made available to the public. Occasional
bulletins may also be issued to further amplify the routine information provided
5y -the advisories. As the storm reaches hurricane strength and is headed to-
ward the United States coastline a hurricane watch may be issued from the
National Hurricane Center or one of several other offices located in San Juan,
New Orleans, Washington and Boston. Once the area of hurricane landfall is
more positively identified, and the storm is expected to come ashore in 24 hours,
or less, a hurricane warning is issued. Areas of the coast for which such a
warning has been issued may expect dangerous hurricane winds or storm surge
to strike. As the storm comes very close to shore, the nearest National Weather
Service (NWS) office may issue local statements. These are designed to provide
specific information about the anticipated affects of the storm for individual
counties.

Severe weather reports are received at the Civil Defense office in Savannah from
the Savannah office of the National Weather Service (NWS). Information is broad-
cast over National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather wire.

Hurricane Bulletins are issued by the National Hurricane Center, with
supplementary bulleting issued by NWS Savannah and NWS Atlanta. All
bulletins are received via Weather Service Teletype by GEMA and relayed to
Chatham County Civil Defense Headquarters via NAWAS and/or GEMA Radio Network.

In Chatham County, the message is recorded and sent via an electronic encoder/
decoder system. City and county departments receive the recorded message via
decoder units and relay the information to appropriate individuals by radio or
telephone. See Figure 3. Other groups equipped with decoders are also shown
in Figure 3. Telephone fan-out systems carry the warning to all schools and
nursing homes (See Figures 4 and 5).

Intergovernmental communications at the county level are carried out via the
county radio network. All county departments are equipped with radios includ-
int the County Civil Defense. Mobile radio units as well as walkie-talkies facil-
itate the basic system.

City departments a Iso maintain communication via a city radio network. Inter-
governmental communication between city and county departments is achieved through
city and county police networks and city and county fire department networks.
Emergency Medical Service can communicate on both police and fire department
radio frequencies.

IV-1

-WARNING SYSTEM-

Encoder/Decoder Units
7
GEMA NOAA Weather Wire
NWS-Savannah & Atlanta

NAWAS

Chatham County Civil
Defense (encoder) avannah Police Department
cl
E(Back-up Unit for Civil Defense)
Pagers Radio
I I
ecto M Radio
Sta Club 'decoders 0

County Board of City Mana
Commissioners
Polic]e FCounty E City Lots
o'it I I _fW @T 0--cl - 7TV
ml en L -Public Services
@-Pump Room
Savannah County Bo @e rial Gulfstrea orps of @ant
Chatham MM;m o FWater
m(
Country of Educat Nursing Med cal American, Inc] neers
Day School Hom L Lenter I

7!
Telephone Telephone
Fan-Out to all Schools Fan-Out to Other
(See Fiqure 4) Nursing /Retire- M
ment Homes (See
Figure 5)
@N I

-WARNING SYSTEM-

SCHOOLS

(Telephone Fan-Out)

DERENNE CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

(354-6609)
BIBLE BAPTIST SCHOOLj_ HANCOCK DAY SCHOOL
(352-3020) (355-0151) MEMORIAL ffY
SCHOOL
BENEDICTINE MILITARY SCHOOL
(3.54-8835) SAVANNAH CHRISTIAN ACADEMY
(233-9607)
ST. VINCENT ACADEMY SCHOOL
(236-5508) CALVARY BAPTIS PATHWAY DAY SCHOOLI
SAVANNAH COUNTRY (354-4630) (552-9914)
DAY SCHOOL
(925-8800) SACRED HEART SCHOOL ST. PAUL LUTHER SCHOOL
(236-8449) (234-4255)
BLESSED SACRAMENT SCHOOL
(354-1010) CATHEDRAL DAY SCHOOL
ST. JAMES SCHOOL@_ (232-5473)
132)
(355-3132) ST. MICHAEL'S SCHOOL

(786-4507)
NATIVITY OF OUR LORD SCHOOL
to
(897-5224) r_
ST. ANDREW'S ON THE MARSH

(897-4941) 4@

WARNING SYSTEM

NURSING HOMES

(Telephone Fan-Out)

Oceanside Nursing Home

786-5741
Westview Nursing Home
964-1515 Savannah Beach Nursing Home

786-5711

Hillhaven Nursing Home SAVANNAH Convelescent
Chatham Nursing Home 925-4402 Nursing Home
352-8615

Azalealand Nursing Home Cohens Retreat

354-2752 355-2873

to
c
(D
Ln

In the critical phases of evacuation, mobile communication units may be used
to patrol residential areas. When evacuation is ordered, County and City police
patrol units will use loudspeakers to encourage evacuation. The County and city
police Departments also have the capability to patrol residential areas with verbal
warnings. It is recommended that door-to-door warning be carried out by
uniformed personnel to lend credence to the warning.

Activation of Warning Devices

1. Encoder/decoder system. The Civil Defense Director (or designated altern-
ate) will transmit warnings received upon notification from GEMA or NWS.

2. EBS. Designated officials will activate by telephone contact with station
WJCL or Savannah area stations.

3. Mobile public address. County and City police units will be dispatched upon
notification of the Civil Defense Director and Police Chiefs.

4. Telephone. Commercial telephone will be used upon notification of the Civil
Defense Director to augment the primary warning device. NAWAS will be
activated only by GEMA, NWS and Civil Defense officials. A call list is main-
tained in the Civil Defense office.

5. Intergovernmental radio network. The county and city radio systems will
be activated by designated operators to convey warnings to appropriate
responders at the request of the Civil Defense.

Resources

Resources outside the jurisdiction of city and county government are available to
facilitate communications, surveillance and warning. The GEMA has designated
three state agencies to maintain a mobile communication network throughout the
coast. (See the Hurricane Evacuation Plan for Coastal Georgia). The Department
of Transportation (DOT) will assume mobile communication posts in Chatham County.
The Georgia Forestry Commission will position foresters in the middle sector of the
coast and the Department of Natural Resources will man the extreme southern sector
of the coast. Each agency's unit chief will report the storm's progress and effects
to the EOC in Jesup. Information will be communicated from Jesup to the Chatoam
County Civil Defense.

The Marine radio network (utilized by DNR, and U. S. Coast Guard) can provide
warning information and help keep boaters informed in the early stages of the
storm's approach. The network will also be used to facilitate search and rescue.

The Amateur Radio Club of Savannah can also serve as a valuable resource group
to support communications during a hurricane threat. A listing of contact indiv-
iduals is on file at the Civil Defense office as well as the Club's Standing Operating
Procedure.

Increased Readiness Actions

Subsequent actions of each link in the warning system are included in Readiness
Action Checklists in Attachment 2.

IV-5

Base radio stations will be manned 24 hours daily whenever severe weather is
expected (OPCON 3). Emergency generators are available at city and county
police departments, County Public Works Department and the Board of Education.
Additional generators can be acquired by the Civil Defense.

Interagency communication will continue to operate via normal radio channels
until OPCON 2 becomes effective. At that point, the EOC will be fully manned
with representatives of each response group. The EOC will become the central
communication base for all groups as set forth in the Chatham-Savannah EDOP.

Communication with inland county Civil Defense offices will be achieved through
the Civil Defense radio network, by telephone or the Sheriff's network.

Information will reach the general public via radio and television stations affect-
ing the area. Advisories from the Hurricane Center aria available to the media
through the United Press International (UPI) and Associated Press (AP) wire
service. Statements by local or state emergency management officials will reach
the public in accordance with procedures set forth in the Chatham-Savannah EDOP
and the Public ]information section of this plan.

The Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) may be activated by the County Commis-
sion Chairman, Civil Defense Director, County Police Chief, Mayor of Savannah
and the Savannah Police Chief. To activate the EBS, call:

- WJCL-TV 912/925-0022 in Savannah
- any radio station in Savannah (Attachment 3).

Pre-arranged authentication procedures are outlined in the Georgia Emergency
Broadcast System Plan, Savannah, Georgia, EBS Operational Area 10. The EBS
may also be activated by the Meteorologist in Charge, Savannah office of the NWS,
for severe weather affecting the coastal area.

Warning Termination

A hurricane watch or warning will be terminated upon notification by the NWS
and/or the GEMA.

Tests and Revision of the System.

The Warning and Communications systems will be tested, evaluated and revised
in accordance with the Chatham-Savannah EDOP.

IV-6

Activation of Warning Devices

1. Encoder/decoder system. The Civil Defense Director (or designated altern-
ate) will transmit warnings received upon notification from GEMA or NWS.

2. EBS. Designated officials will activate by telephone contact with station
WJCL or Savannah area stations.

3. Mobile public address. County and City police units will be dispatched upon
notification of the Civil Defense Director and Police Chiefs.

5. Intergovernmental radio network. The county and city radio systems will
be activated by designated operators to convey warnings to appropriate
responders at the request of the Civil Defense.

Resources

Increased Readiness Actions

Subsequent actions of each link in the warning system are included in Readiness
Action Checklists in Attachment 2.

IV-5

Communication with inland county Civil Defense offices will be achieved through
the Civil Defense radio network, by telephone or the Sheriff's network.

Information will reach the general public via radio and television stations affect-
ing the area. Advisories from the Hurricane Center are available to the media
through the United Press International (UPI) and Associated Press (AP) wire
service. Statements by local or state emergency management officials will reach
the public in accordance with procedures set forth in the Chatham-Savannah EDOP
and the Public Information section of this plan.

- WJCL-TV 912/925-0022 in Savannah
- any radio station in Savannah (Attachment 3).

Warning Termination
A hurricane watch or warning will be terminated upon notification by the NWS
and/or the GEMA.

Tests and Revision of the System

The Warning and Communications systems will be tested, evaluated and revised
in accordance with the Chatham-Savannah EDOP.

IV-6

V. PUBLIC INFORMATION

Responsibility - It is the responsibility of the Civil Defense Director to provide
emergency public information and act as chief spokesman in a hurricane event.
A Public Information Officer (PIO) will assist under the direction of the Civil
Defense Director. The County Commission Chairman and Mayors of incorporated
cities will also provide public information in close coordination with the Civil
Defense to ensure consistent information.

Concept of Operations

Public information will be disseminated to the news media based on the decisions
of the direction and control group. Information will include evacuation, shelter
and re-entry instruction.

Warnings to the public are disseminated through the news media (radio, T.V. ,
and newspapers), National Weather Service bulletins, advisories and statements
and the Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA).

Upon announcement of an evacuation recommendation or order, the Civil Defense
Director or PIO will notify radio and television stations, listed in Attachment 3.
Information disseminated to the media will include:

1. Status of the storm, evacuation recommendation or order.
2. Identification of areas to be evacuated.
3. Routes to be used out of endangered areas.
4. Location of available shelters or reception sites locally or outside the county.
5. Instructions for obtaining transportation for those who need assistance.
6. Instructions about what to bring to public shelters (i.e. non-perishable food,
bedding, clothing, medicines, infant formulas, special diet foods, personal
items), and what not to bring (i.e. pets, alcoholic beverages, firearms).

Inquiries coming into the Civil Defense Office will be answered by the Director,
PIO or a previously designated alternate spokesman.

GEMA Public Affairs personnel may also provide media releases in coordination
with local officials.

General public information in Chatham County will also be disseminated by the
Civil Defense in pre-hurricane stages to:

The SAVANNAH MORNING NEWS
P. 0. Box 1088
Savannah, GA 31548

Attachment 8 includes "Family Survival Guidelines" and an evacuation map pre-
pared for publication in newspapers. This packet can be used in pre-storm
awareness campaigns, as well as in emergency public information during the days
.of the storm's approach.

Special preparedness information will be provided by the Civil Defense to special
segments of the general population such as the:

1. Senior Citizens Centers and complexes, retirement homes and hospitals.
2. Schools

V-1

3. Boat Marinas
4. Hotels and Motels
5. Industries

Updated information about the storm's progress will be given via the news media,
as long as radio and television stations maintain power. Communication will also
be maintained with shelters via law enforcement officials patrolling the area or
assigned to shelter sites.

After the storm has passed and all threats of danger are over, information will
be provided to shelters via radio or verbal communication with re-entry instruc-
tions. In inland areas, radio and television will provide! instructions to evacuees
of coastal residences.

V-2

Vt. EVACUATION AND RE-ENTRY

Responsibility. It is the responsibility of the Chatham County Commission
Chairman and the Mayor of Savannah to initiate an evacuation recommendation
or order.

Concept of Operations. Evacuation zones are delineated with regard to eleva-
tion and situation. (See Attachment 4). Zone 1 will receive priority evacua-
tion. The land in Zone 1 is generally 0-5 feet above mean sea level and includes
areas that are expected to be isolated by rising waters. Zone 1 contains
approximately 39,575 people. 1
Early evacuation should be encouraged for high risk areas within Zone 1 such
as Tybee, Wilmington, Skidaway and Ossabaw Islands. It is anticipated that
evacuation of islands with causeways would become impossible at least 5 hours
before hurricane landfall due to flooding. Depending on the severity of the
storm, high winds and heavy rain may make evacuation dangerous or impossible
prior to that time.

Residents of Ossabaw Island would face difficulty much earlier due to rough
waters.

The permanent population of the Islands with causeways is 12,072. An estimated
7,455 vehicles are expected to evacuate. It is further estimated that4to8 hours
will be required to move traffic from all three islands.

Though significant numbers of tourists visit the Savannah area during the
summer months, the tourist population is not included in evacuation estimates.
Due to the lack of sufficient data about types of transportation used by
visitors, it is difficult to estimate increased traffic volume. The Georgia Depart-
ment of Transportation assumes that, for planning purposes, visitors would leave
in advance of mass evacuation. Chatham County officials would urge visitors to
evacuate when a Hurricane Watch is issued.

Under an evacuation orde , residents of Tybee Island, Wilmington Island, Thunder-
b-61t, Skidaway Island, Isle of Hope, Vernonburg, Montgomery, Burroughs, and
portions of the City of Savannah east of Wheaton-and Skidaway Road will take the
most direct route to U.S. Highway 80 to Statesboro, Georgia. Evacuation routes
are also shown in Attachment 4. In the face of a minor storm (Category 1 or 2),
residents will be instructed to move away from low-lying areas. Local shelters
will be opened.
Upon recommendation, 34,034 residents can be expected to evacuate Zone 1.
18,315 vehicles are expected to evacuate Zone 1 with approximately 2.1 people
per vehicle.2

'Source for all population figures: 1900 Census.
2Anticipated response was derived from a Hurricane Response Survey
(Attachment 5) and the Chatham County Urban Transportation Study,
1979.

VI-1

Under an evacuation order, 31,660 residents are exp ected to evacuate immediate-
ly with 15,076 vehicles. An additional 6,332 are expected to evacuate within 2
hours after the order with 3,015 vehicles. Approximately 396 people can be
expected to remain in Zone 1 until conditions appear to be too severe to remain.
A total of 38,388 can be expected to evacuate resulting in 18,280 vehicles evac-
uating Zone 1.

Approximately 14,204 residents are expected to seek public shelter. An estim-
ated 1 278 residents would immediately seek shelter outside the County. 12,074
would go wherever instructed by local officials.

Approximately 156,065 people live in Evacuation Zone 2. The land in Zone 2 is
generally at 10 feet above mean sea level and greater. Zone 2 (including the
remainder of Savannah, Port Wentworth, Garden City and Windsor Forest)
would receive second priority in evacuation.

Upon recommendation, 143,579 people are expected to evacuate Zone 2. With
an average of 4.2 people per vehicle, 34,185 vehicles can be anticipated.

Approximately 146,701 people would evacuate Zone 2 immediately upon official
order. An additional 6,.243 people would evacuate within approximately 2 hours.
3,121 can be expected to stay until conditions are severe. 34,929 vehicles can
be expected to evacuate initially. An additional 1,486 vehicles would evacuate
within a few hours. In response to a major storm, all of Zone 2 is expected to
evacuate. A total of 37,206 vehicles are expected to evacuate.

Upon evacuation order for Zone 2, 81,154 people can be expected to occupy
shelters in Claxton, Lyons, Vidalia, Swainsboro, McRae and Dublin, Georgia.
(See Hurricane Evacuation Plan for Coastal Georgia 1981). Since all Chatham
County shelters are locate-din Zone 2, occupants of local shelters will also be
evacuated inland.

Evacuees of Zone 2 should travel inland on Interstate 16 to host cities.

The estimated 6,586 residents of Zone 3 (the area west of Interstate 95) will
riot evacuate unless a major storm threatens the area. Evacuees will take the
most direct route to 1-16 west to Dublin, Georgia.
The Georgia Department of Transportation has estimated that each lane of roadway
will handle approximately 550 vehicles per hour under imperfect conditions.

Decisions regarding evacuation will be made in consultation with the Chatham
County Civil Defense and the Georgia Emergency Management Agency based
on information from the National Weather Service.

When the National Weather Service (NWS) issues an advisory indicating that
a tropical disturbance is developing which may pose a threat to the Georgia
coast, the Civil Defense staff will plot the storm and track its movement.

The GEMA Chief of Operations will dispatch a message declaring HURRICANE
CONDITION 4 to Area 5 Field Coordinator (located in Brunswick) and to all
local, state and federal agencies concerned. The Chatham County Director
will communicate the message to all appropriate departments within local
government. Increased readiness actions will be taken as described in the
Action Checklist in Attachment 2.

VI-2

At OPCON 3 (24 to 36 hours prior to arrival of the eye of the storm), the
Civil Defense Director will encourage evacuation of nursing homes, jails and
other dependent populations. Mas 's transportation for concentrations of
dependent populations may be provided by the Chatham County Department
of Education and the National Defense Transportation Association. Several
public housing complexes are occupied primarily by elderly citizens and may
require special attention. They are listed below with estimated numbers of
residents requiring transportation.

Fellwood Homes 60 residents
1300 Bay Street
Savannah, Ga.
(912) 232-2256

Frazier Homes 70 residents
805 May Street
Savannah, Ga.
(912) 233-6614

Stillwell Towers 175 residents
5100 Waters Avenue
Savannah, Ga.
(912) 352-7470

Stubbs Towers 150 residents
1301 Bee Road
Savannah, Ga.
(912) 233-0058

Yamacraw Village 300 residents
349 West Bryan Street
Savannah, Ga.
( 912) 232-272 4

Rose of Sharon Apartments 200 residents
322 East Taylor Street
Savannah, Ga.
(912) 234-5417

In addition to these concentrated groups, there are many others in Chatham
County who would require assistance. An estimated 30,000 residents, in total,
are expected to require transportation assistance. The National Defense
Transportation Association, in cooperation with the Civil Defense is prepared
to dispatch 425 mass transit vehicles to transport dependent populations to public
shelters.

Public awareness campaigns should anticipate such needs and provide adequate
information.

When evacuation begins or is expected, the Civil Defense Director will advise
the State EOC. He will also advise Civil Defense Directors in appropriate host
counties to facilitate preparation of shelters.

VI-3

Notification will be given when recommendations and orders to evacuate are
issued. Notification will also be given prior to evacuation of each Zone.

Also at OPCON 3, the Civil Defense Director will recomME@nd voluntary evacua-
tion of low-lying areas (Zone 1) and mobile homes. Information will be broad-
cast on local radio and television stations regarding shelter openings. If the
storm appears to be major, local shelters will not open. 'Voluntary evacuees
desiring public shelter will be instructed to relocate in host cities outside
Chatham County.

Campers and tourists will be asked to leave the area. Vehicles vulnerable
to high winds should make plans to be out of the area before mass evacuation
begins. This includes recreational vehicles, boats and small planes.

City and County Police Departments will control traffic and establish road
blocks in accordance with the EDOP. Both departments have Standing
Operating Procedures (SOPs). SOPs define assignments, road check points
and maintain a current listing of equipment and supplies.

SOPs of city and county police will be coordinated to allow smooth traffic flow
across county/city jurisdictional limits. Georgia State Patrol checkpoints west
of the city will also be coordinated with local law enforcement efforts. Con-
sultation with law enforcement branches several hours prior to the recommen-
dation will help local police in establishing necessary units where traffic
congestion may occur. Advance consultations will also allow law enforcement
officers to make shelter arrangements for their families.

Law enforcement officials will establish traffic control points, assign person-
nel and arrange for placement of road blocks. Coordination of city and county
public works departments will be maintained. Public works will assist in
placing road blocks under direction of local police.

County and city Fire Department and Rescue Squad personnel will be on stand-by
alert at OPCON 3. They will support evacuation efforts as requested in addition
to normal fire and rescue services. (See Chatham-Savannah EDOP).
Representatives will be placed in the EOC.

VI-4

At OPCON 2, 24 hours before arrival of the storm, evacuation will be strongly
urged or mandated depending on the severity of the storm. When evacuation
is mandated, the first priority in evacuation will be the off shore islands, low-
lying areas, mobile home parks, nursing homes, jails, and all dependent
populations.

An evacuation order should be issued in time to allow completion during day-
light hours. Evacuation after nightfall will become dangerous due to heavy
rain, wind and human reaction to the urgency of the situation. Stalled
vehicles and traffic accidents will become a greater hazard and are more likely
to choke evacuation routes.

When evacuation is ordered, police forces will be dispatched with loudspeakers
wherever possible, to manually warn remaining residents. County and city
police will remain in the area to control traffic and assist evacuees only as
long as, it is practical and safe.

Law enforcement units should prepare for mandated evacuation should the
storm warrant such action. Road blocks should be ready for actual placement
and traffic control points established. Additional law enforcement personnel
may be required to control traffic. Provisions should be made to acquire such
support in the event it is needed. Additional support in placing road blocks
may be secured from the Department of Transportation and should be requested
through the EOC and GEMA Area 5 Field Coordinator.

A decision will be made in consultation with the Chatham County Civil Defense
Director, Area 5 Field Coordinator and local police regarding limited movement
back into threatened areas.

State and Federal Agency support elements will not enter storm area ahead of
the storm unless directed to do so by the State Disaster Coordinator /State
Director of GEMA or Area Field Coordinator. The Chatham County Director
should maintain liaison with state and federal agencies within the county i.e.
DOT, DNR, Coast Guard to ensure support as it becomes necessary.

At OPCON, 1,, 12 hours or less before expected arrival of the storm, an
evacuation order will be issued for areas which have not been evacuated.
Evacuation of off-shore islands should be completed. In the event of a major
storm, evacuation will be mandated for the mainland portion of Zone I and
Zone 2. If the storm is extremely dangerous (Category 4 or 5), Zone 3 will
also be evacuated. It is important that emergency public information convey
expected conditions in order to discourage those who believe they can ride
the storm out. A deadline will be determined by local officials and the Field
Coordinator for two-way traffic permitted to and from danger areas. This
deadline will be broadcast over coastal radio stations at least 12 hours before
the expected high water that can cut off evacuation routes. After the dead-
line decision has been announced, only one-way traffic will be permitted from
all danger areas.

Readiness actions at each OPCON are summarized in the Actions Checklist in
Attachment 2.

VI-5

Re-entry

Members of the Control Group and their designees will be the first local
officials to enter the area. If evacuation was mandated, state and local law
enforcement officers will prevent anyone from re-entry unless they are pro-
perly identified. GEMA officials will be the first state agency representatives
to re-enter the affected area.

If an evacuation recommendation resulted in only partial evacuation of low-
lying areas, those areas will be sealed off by local law enforcement officers.
No one will be allowed into the area until official notification is given by the
County Commission Chairman/Mayor of Savannah or the Civil Defense Director.
Thus, all appropriate law enforcement groups must be notified when re-entry
is to begin and proper identification supplied.

Public information will be supplied to evacuees when it is safe to return. Shel-
ter occupants may receive information via radio stations in the area or through
messages delivered to the shelter by area officials. Evacuees occupying motels
or the homes of friends or relatives must rely on the news media for communica-
tions. Telephone communications will likely be inoperable. Precautionary
measures and safety tips should be widely publicized for those returning
to the affected area. Fliers should be printed in advance and made available
in public shelters to tell coastal residents what to expect when they return to
the stricken area and how they can protect themselves from injury or illness
due to contaminated food and water supplies.

VI-6

VII. Shelters

Responsibility. It is the joint responsibility of the Chatham County Civil
Defense Director and the Savannah Red Cros s Chapter to identify short term
shelters for use during a hurricane. The Red Cross will open shelters in
coordination with the Civil Defense and provide shelter staff.

Concept of Operations. Attachment 6 shows a listing of shelters within Chat-
ham County, the capacity and elevation. Shelter managers and alternate
managers are identified.
Shelters should be designated through a joint effort of the County Civil De-
fense, American Red Cross (ARC) Chapter and owners/managers of prospec-
tive shelters.

Written agreements with ownership entities should be made approving use of
shelter sites. Portions of the shelter site available for occupancy and facil-
ities available for use should also be identified. Accomodations for occupants
with special needs should be noted. If space is available, it is preferable to
provide separate rooms or areas for those with special medical needs, the
elderly, and families with infants. Capacity, facilities, elevation and capabil-
ity of the structure to withstand high winds should be prime considerations
in identifying shelters. A structural survey of the building is recommended
when possible.

Local shelters expected to be used as refuge sites must be chosen with several
considerations in mind. Elevation and structural capability to withstand hur-
ricane force winds are most critical.

Refuge sites will be identified for use as shelters only as a last resort to
house last minute evacuees who cannot reach designated safe shelter inland.
(This in no way should be interpreted to mean that local officials endorse
public reluctance to evacuate. Refuge sites may provide minimal protection
in a life or death situation. Local officials cannot be responsible for the
safety of those who refuse to evacuate.)

Pre-season planning should begin with a cooperative effort between the Red
Cross Chapter, Civil Defense and the assigned shelter manager to formulate
a plan for each shelter. Plans should include an inventory of the shelter
facility to determine what supplies and equipment will be necessary to house
the expected number of occupants. Shelters should be equipped with:

EQUIPMENT: Chairs, brooms, drinking cups, gas operated stoves,
trash cans, loudspeakers, tables, and emergency
equipment such as battery operated lamps, flashlights,
generators (if available), transistor radios, extra
batteries and chemically activated light sticks.

SHELTER Cleaning items such as detergent, soap, paper towels,
SUPPLIES: toilet paper, disposable diapers, sanitary items, first
aid kits, plastic garbage bags, candles and matches.

OFFICE Registration forms, disaster forms, folders, paper,
SUPPLIES: paper clips, pencils and a stapler.

VII-1

Shelter staff should be established to include:

1) manager
2) medical/social service provider
3) receptionist to register occupants
4) food coordinator
5) janitor
6) maintenance person

Key staff members should have alternates. Individuals volunteering for shelter
staff duty should make early arrangements to shelter their own families.

Assistance in staffing the shelter can also be solicited from the occupants. Red
Cross will provide shelter staff upon notification and request, however, commun-
ity resources should be utilized.

At OPCON 4 (when a disturbance may cause a potential hurricane threat), the
Red Cross Chapter Disaster Chairman will make contact with Division ARC Head-
quarters. The Chairman will begin checking local plans and facilities to ensure
the availability of staff and life support needs.

At OPCON 3, the Savannah Chapter, Disaster Chairman will be present in the
EOC. The Chairman will maintain communication with the Division ARC office in
Atlanta to request assistance if necessary.

The Disaster Chairman will notify appropriate shelter managers to open and staff
necessary sites. Shelter Managers will be responsible to notify shelter staff. See
Figure 5.

Shelters will begin opening at OPCON 3 or prior to that time (during a minor storm)
to house voluntary evacuees of low-lying areas. In a major storm situation, local
shelters will not be opened except as refuge sites to house stragglers. A major
storm will necessitate total evacuation of the entire coastal area to inland counties.

It is anticipated that approximately 12,074 residents of Evacuation Zone 1 will seek
shelter space in Chatham County, if it is available. Occupancy of County shelters
will, of course, depend on the severity of the storm and instructions given to the
public. In addition to Zone 1 evacuees, residents of Zone 2 areas near low-lying
areas may also seek local shelter.

Approximately 9,267 shelter spaces have been identified in Chatham County.
When local shelters have reached capacity, evacuees will be instructed to find
shelter in inland counties.

Medical and Social Services. Medical services within shelters should be provided
primarily by the Chatham County Health Department through the use of public
health nurses. Resources for medical response teams consist of the following:

1. Chatham County Health Department (264-3961)

Public health nurses should be requested to serve in public shelters through
the use of the "call list" available at the Red Cross offices. The Hospital and
County Health Department should be prime providers of medical kits containing
first aid supplies. Surgical supply companies may provide assistance. Medica-
tions will not be available in public shelters.

VII-2

Figure 6

NOTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR

SHELTER OPENINGS

Chief Elected Officials

Civil Defense Directo7r
I -
Local Red
News Media
Cross Chapter

Board of Shelter Red Cross
Education Managers Disaster
Specialist,
Atlanta
Dispatch Security
Immediate Officers
Resources

Open Appropriate
Shelters Resources
Dispatched

Inform Public

VII-3

Social services can be provided in public shelters by:

1. Department of Human Resources
Department of Family & Children Services (DFCS)
County Office - 356-2108
Mental Health Center - 356-2436

2. Local ministerial association - individual ministers can be contacted to
identify those able to assist. A roster of volunteers should be attached
to this plan.

Registration

The American Red Cross recommends that the following registration information
be taken from shelter occupants:

1. Family's last name and first and middle names of head of household and spouse
(including wife's maiden name).

2. Children's names

3. Ages of family members

4. Any health problems

5. Pre-disaster address

6. Date arrived in shelter

7. Date departed

8. Post-disaster address

The Savannah Chapter will provide registration forms in the shelters requesting
the information listed above.

It may also be desirable to inquire about special skills of shelter occupants in
the event that volunteers are needed to act as additional staff. Red Cross will
provide a receptionist for shelter assignment upon request. Department of
Family and Children Services or volunteers in the shelters may also perform
the function of receptionist.

VI 1-4

Care and Feeding

The general public will have been instructed to bring special food items to the
shelter. Red Cross will make arrangements for refreshments to be served in the
shelter. A snack should be provided as soon as possible after the shelter be-
comes occupied. This will assure occupants that their needs are being taken care
of and create a calm atmosphere. Arrangements for mass feeding at each shelter
should be made in preparatory stages.

The School Food Service Ma nager or designated person will keep an accurate
record of ALL food and/or supplies used from the School Food Service Inventory.
The manager will also coordinate and/or supervise the food planning, prepara-
tion and service in the designated school, if requested by the American Red
Cross Director or REACT Team personnel.

"Cafeteria" staff should be established by the food coordinator or shelter manager.
Staff should include individuals experienced in mass food preparation and serving
such as school food service personnel, church groups, home economists, restaurant
workers /managers, etc. Such individuals can help plan menus and assist in locating
food sources as well as equipment and supplies for preparation and serving.

Twenty-four hour restaurants and fast-food outlets should be considered for ini-
tial food and beverage provision.

The shelter should be surveyed before it is occupied for several reasons: 1) to
determine supplies that will require replacement after the shelter is no longer
needed; 2) to assess additional supplies and equipment needed.

The community should be informally surveyed to locate, in advance, providers of
services of supplies i.e., private eating establishments, wholesalers, cold-storage
plants, ice plants, refrigeration units, auxiliary sources for cooking.

Telephones in shelters should be reserved for requesting emergency assistance
and supplies. They should not be used by occupants unless absolutely necessary.

Fire protection should also be provided. Shelter staff should be aware of the loca-
tion of fire extinguishers on the premises. Law enforcement officers patroling the
area can provide support in requesting emergency services if necessary.

Maintenance and Security

A maintenance person who is familiar with the shelter facility should be on the site
to take care of minor repairs /problems. A janitor or staff of volunteers should be
identified to keep the shelter clean. A sanitary facility will be necessary for health
reasons as well as for psychological well-being.

The Security Department of the Board of Education will furnish one Security
Officer per shelter for protection and control. The Security Officer will follow
instructions given to him by the Shelter Commander. The Security Department
will also furnish the American Red Cross Director a detailed copy of the Security
Disaster Plan, describing duties and responsibilities of the Security Department.
Security has five (5) mobile radio units, three portable radios (3) and one base
station for communications.

Shelter Closing

Shelters may be closed upon notification of the Civil Defense Director that it is
safe for occupants to return home.

VI 1-5

The Red Cross Coordinator shall then notify respective shelter managers who
will, in turn, give appropriate instructions to shelter staff.

The shelter manager will be responsible to return all borrowed property and
equipment to the owner in a reasonable length of time. Receipt for return
may be desirable. All records and receipts of food or supplies acquired
shall be submitted to the shelter manager. A written inventory of supplies and
equipment at the site shall be made after the shelter is unoccupied.

The shelter manager will provide all records to the Red Cross Chapter. The
shelter site shall be cleaned up and returned to its normal state. The shelter
manager shall be responsible to locate staff to assist with clean-up.

VI 1-6

Vill. CLEAN-UP AND RECOVERY

Responsibilit

It is the responsibility of the Chatham County Commission Chairman and
Mayor of Savannah to:

1. Make the initial damage assessment to identify priority areas for
clean-up activities.

2. Dispatch a financial loss assessment team in cooperation with GEMA
and determine need for disaster declaration.

3. Dispatch clean-up crews.

4. Coordinate with appropriate federal and state agencies and private
utility companies in damage assessment and clean-up.

Concept of Operations

Depending on the magnitude of the storm, one of two scenarios can be expected.
The disaster may be undeclared or declared. Each situation will require a
somewhat different approach.

During an undeclared disaster situation, local elected officials will be expected
to take the lead role in assessment and recovery. If the disaster is declared by
the federal and/or state government, local officials will support and coordinate
with lead state and federal agencies.

In either situation, the initial damage assessment will be made by local officials
with assistance from GEMA. Members of the assessment team will include local
chief elected officials and the county Civil Defense Director. The purpose of
the initial assessment will be to determine the extent of damage, need for assistance,
and to help establish priority areas for clean-up.

Financial loss assessment teams will then be dispatched to survey damaged areas.
This will result in dollar estimates as well as specific assignments for clean-up
crews.

Damage assessment teams should be formed in pre-emergency stages in accordance
with the Chatham County EDOP. Names, phone numbers and alternates should be
available to the control group (Attachment 7). Briefings and training sessions
should be held, at least annually, with team members outlining responsibilities
and procedures.

In an undeclared emergency, damage assessment teams will be made up primarily
of local representatives. Local government will be expected to take the lead
role in reporting financial losses with support from the GEMA. By tasking a variety
of state agencies in respective areas of expertise, GEMA maintains the capability
to supplement local damage assessment teams. Local representatives, familiar with

VIII-1

the locality, can provide information about property values and local problems
while state agencies can provide technical expertise that may not be available
at the local level. Thus, an interagency team is most effective.

Other public and private agencies will dispatch damage assessments teams
concurrently with local government and GEMA efforts. The Department of
Transportation (DOT) will assume responsibility for statE! and federal road
systems. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) will assess damage to
DNR property in the county. The Department of Human Resources (DHR) will
be responsible for assessment of damage to DHR facilities.

The Department of Community Affairs, (DCA) will 'not undertake damage assess-
ment efforts unless requested by local officials through GEMA. DCA does,
however, have the expertise to assist in assessing financial loss to public
property. This would include structures as well as water and sewer facilities.
DCA also has the capability to assist in the assessment of damage to residential
structures. Coordination should be maintained lwith local insurance agents who
will be assessing private property losses.

The Savannah District Corps of Engineers will also dispatch damage assessment
teams independently from local government. The purpose is to provide a cross
check in determining financial losses. Reports will be forwarded to FEMA and
GEMA. Assessment will include public and private property.

Utility companies will also dispatch damage assessment teams to determine priority
areas for clean-up as well as to prepare financial reports. Close coordination
will be maintained between all groups involved for maximum efficiency.

Documentation of the damage sustained is vital. Photographs should be taken
before any clean-up efforts take place if at all possible. Records should be
maintained reflecting all hurricane response activities /expenditures. This
includes overtime spent by city/county employees, and supplies /equipment rented
or purchased. Initial damage assessments may not indicate the need for a
declaration. If subsequent reports indicate the need for a declaration, detailed
records will prove invaluable.

Appropriate forms and procedures are outlined in the Chatham County EDOP.

Additional procedural guidance is provided in FEMA publications Federal
Disaster Assistance Program, Handbook for Applicants, DR&R-1, March, 1981
and Documenting Disaster Damage, 1981.

During a declared disaster, the State and/or Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) will take the lead role in damage assessment. The teams will
become a combination of federal, state and local participation. Local government
should be prepared to designate individuals to be a part of those teams. All
local representatives expected to participate in damage assessment and reporting
should be trained. Such training is available from GEMA, FEMA and the Corps
of Engineers.

VI 11-2

In accordance with the Hurricane Evacuation Plan for Coastal Georgi , debris
removal will be the first priority in recovery efforts. Priority arterial streets
and roads should be designated in the planning stages and mapped out. Priorities
may be re-ordered as the situation dictates. Movement of emergency vehicles
and restoration teams will be prime consideration in clearing transportation routes.
Chief officials and the Civil Defense Director will make decisions for specific
recovery priorities.

Communications restoration will also be a priority in recovery efforts. The
need to disseminate emergency public information in the aftermath will be critical.
Radio and television stations in unaffected areas housing evacuees will be the
primary means of communicating with the public. The primary local warning
stations should receive priority consideration in restoring power, if feasible.
An alternate priority should be identified in order to restore communication with
the public as quickly as possible. Newspapers in unaffected areas may be an
alternate method of providing public information.

When the damage has been properly assessed and documented, clean-up efforts
will begin. Essential work forces will begin moving back into the affected area
from host areas.

Provisions must be made to maintain communication between damage assessment
and clean-up teams. Mobile communications may provide adequate relay service
supplemented by hand held radios. Amateur radio operations should also be
utilized in communication networks in the immediate recovery environment.
(See Hurricane Evacuation Plan for Coastal Georgi , pp. 25-26).

VIII-3

ATTACHMENT ONE

STORM SURGE DATA

ATTACHMENTI

Storm Surge Data

List of Plates

Plate No. Name

I Landfalling Storm Category 1

2 Landfalling Storm Category 2

3. Landfalling Storm Category 3

4. Landfalling Storm Category 4

5. Landfalling Storm Category 5

6 Paralleling Storm, 15 miles Inland,
Category 1-3

.7 Paralleling Storm, Shoreline,
Category 1-3

8. Paralleling Storm, 15 miles at
Sea, Category 1-3

9 Paralleling Storm, 30 miles at
Sea, Category 1-3

10 Paralleling Storm, 45 miles at Sea,
Category 1-4

Data provided by National Hurricane Center;
Analysis provided by Floodplain Management Services Branch,
Savannah District Corps of Engineers

HURRICANE ANALYSIS

In planning for emergency evacuation, it is necessary to determine the
magnitude and timing of the potential hurricane hazards. The Savannah
District Corps of Engineers requested the National Hurricane Center (NHC)
to generate the data for the hazard analysis. The NHC staff selected the
parameters for all the hypothetical hurricanes considered and generated
the hazard analysis data. Flood Plain Management Services Branch, Savannah
District, extracted and interpreted the data needed for evacuation planning.

The analysis of the hypothetical hurricanes was based on five levels of
hurricane occurrences and on two types of storm movement.

The five levels of occurrences are correlated to the five categories of storm
intensity on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale. The scale is used by the
National Weather Service to give public safety officials a continuing assessment
of the potential for wind and storm surge damage from a hurricane in progress.

The Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale ranges for atmospheric pressure, winds
and surge heights at the coastline are as follows:

SCALE NO. CENTRAL PRESSURE WINDS SURGE
-(Category) (Inches Mercury) (MPH) (feet)
1 > 28. 94 74-95 4-5
2 28.50-28.93 96-110 6-8
3 27.89-28.49 111-130 9-12
4 27.18-27.88 131-155 13-18
5 < 27.17 >155 >18

The two types of storm movement examined are landfalling and paralleling.
Another type of storm movement - the exiting storm - was not considered
because it was determined that by the time a hurricane reached the Georgia
Coast from an overland direction, the potential hazards are minimal.

The principle tool available to analyze the expected hazard from potential
hurricanes is the Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH)
numerical storm surge prediction modell and the Special Program to List the
Amplitudes of Surges from Hurricanes (SPLASH) numerical storm surge
prediction model.2 Both the SPLASH and SLOSH computerized models are able

lChester P. Jelesnianski, "Sheared Coordinate System for Storm Surge
Equations of Motion with a Mildly Curved Coast." NOAA Technical Memorandum,
NWS TDL-#61.
C.P. Jelesnianski, and J. Chen, "SLOSH (Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from
Hurricanes)," National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Technical
Development Lab.
2Chester P. Jelesnianski, "Numerical Computations of Storm Surges with Bottom
Stress," Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 95, No. 11, pp. 740-756.
Chester P. Jelesnianski, "SPLASH (Special Program to List the Amplitudes of
Surges from Hurricanes), Part I-Landfall Storms," NOAA Technical Memorandum,
NWS TDL-#46.
Ibid. , Part 11 "General, Track and Varient Storm Conditions" #52

*Peak surges presented are for the Georgia coast.

to predict the tidal surge heights that results from hypothetical hurricanes
with selected various combinations of pressure, size,forward speed, track,
and winds.

The SPLASH model predicts the height and duration of open coastline storm
surge heights created by an approaching and landfalling hurricane. The
model may be applied to any segment of Gulf or Atlantic coast; however, it
assumes a generalized smooth coastline which does not consider the amplifi-
cation of the surge by a bay or estuary.

The SLOSH model is based on the same general storm surge dynamics of the
SPLASH model. However, SLOSH was developed to predict the surge action
resulting from the hurricane's path through an area with a distinctly irregular
coastline including a bay, major estuary, or large lake. The sophisticated
model must be developed for each specific geographic coastal area individually,
incorporating the unique local bay and river configurations, water depths,
bridges, road, and other physical features. In addition to open coastline
heights, one of the most valuable outputs of the SLOSH model for evacuation
planning is its predictions of surge heights over land, thus predicting the
degree of propagation or run-up of the surge into inland areas.

Because of the complexity and cost of the SLOSH model for a specific area,
NHC has established a near-future priority list for developing the models.
Unfortunately, coastal Georgia is not included in their priority listing for
several years to come. There are other models available in the private sector
which could be used to develop the inland routing data; however neither
Savannah District FPMS funds nor funds available to the Coastal Area Planning
and Development Commission are sufficient at this time to contract for the
necessary modeling services. Therefore, it is necessary at this time to
rely on the SPLASH Model data.

Input Parameters

The hypothetical hurricanes that were simulated were composed of parameters
that were determined to be meteorologically probable to approach the Georgia
Coast. This determination included the two parameters of storm size and
landfall /approach angle of track.

The Input parameters used to compose each hypothetical hurricane is shown
in Table 1.

The track of a hurricane is significant when determining the hazard effects.
Based on experience and meteorological probability, two basic track conditions
were chosen: (1) landfalling storms approaching from a direction perpendicular
to the Coast, and (2) storms paralleling the coast. The landfalling storm
tracks were chosen at 10 mile intervals along and normal (90') to a smoothed
coast line. These tracks are shown on Figure A. The paralleling storm tracks
were at 15 miles inland of the smoothed shoreline, directly on the shoreline, and
15, 30, and 45 miles seaward of the shoreline. These tracks are shown on
Figure B. Because hurricanes lose strength rapidly when they touch land, data
for paralleling storms was developed only for categories 1 through 3 out to 30

miles off shore. Table 2 gives a summary of chosen tracks and categories.

Past experience with hurricanes indicates that the morE! intense the hurricane,
the more compact it is, and therefore, the radius of maximum winds is less.
The significant break point in this occurs between the category 4 and 5 levels
and accounts for the lower radius of maximum winds shown in Table 2 for
category S.

TABLE 1

INPUT PARAMETERS FOR
HYPOTHETICAL HURRICANES

SAFFIR/SIMPSON SCALE CATEGORY

Parameter 1 2 3 4 5

Barometric Pressure Drop 30 40 60 80 100
(Millibars)

Storm Size (Radius of maximum
winds in statute miles) 20 20 20 20 12

Forward Speed (Miles per Hour) 12 12 12 12 12

TABLE 2

SELECTED STORM TRACKS AND CATEGORIES

TRACK CATEGORY

Landfalling
(10 mile intervals) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Paralleling

15 miles west of shoreline 1, 2, 3
Shoreline 1, 2, 3
15 miles east of shoreline 1, 2, 3
30 miles east of shoreline 1, 2, 3
45 miles east of shoreline 1, 2, 3, 4

Output Analysis

The output of the SPLASH Model provides three major types of data on the
effects of the simulated hurricane on the Georgia Coast. They are as follows:

0 Surge heights above mean sea level

0 Computed wind speeds by times and locations

0 Wind directions

This data is computed, analyzed, and presented for the immediate open shoreline
and can be used only as an indication of what happens inland of the shoreline.

An analysis of the computed data for landfalling hurricanes is shown in Table
3 and for paralleling hurricanes in Table 4. Peak surge curves for the various
storm categories and tracks are shown on Plates 1 through 6. Copies of the
SPLASH computer Model outputs are available in Flood Plain Management Services
Branch, Savannah District.

The peak surges as computed in the SPLASH Model are based on a depth of water
above mean sea level. Since the tide range along the Georgia Coast is so great,
we find it necessary to add the difference between high tide and mean sea level
to the storm surge depths so that we can know the maximum effect of the storm
surge. Of course, an actual storm may landfall on a tide height other than
full high. The high tide depth above mean sea level used in this analyses is
about 3. 9 feet at Savannah River entrance, 3. 5 feet at St. Simons Island sound,
and 3.0 feet at the St. Johns River entrance.

Peak surges along the Georgia Coast do not match the potential surges outlined
in the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale. This difference is due to the high
shoaling factor (shallow water) along the Georgia Coast.

The Saffir/Simpson Scale describes the degree of hazard and damage potential
generally associated with the full range of hurricane intensities. However,
the height of the storm surge is ultimately determined by not only the parameters
of the hurricane itself, but also the characteristics of the land mass that it
approaches. Such characteristics include bathymetric configuration and slope
coastline configuration, and local atronomical tides. The Saffir/Simpson Scale
is a universal scale adopted by the NHC to describe the expected hazards
anywhere along the Gulf or Atlantic coast. The surge height ranges listed
for its categories are those to be expected in a "standard basin" or average
coastal region among the entire Gulf and Atlantic coasts. Therefore, any
unique local land mass characteristics are naturally not considered in determining
the surge height ranges listed as resulting from a specific category of hurricane.

Analysis of the data for the simulated landfalling hurricanes on the Georgia
Coast. found that the peak surge generally occurs a distance equal to the Radius
of Maximum winds (R) up the Coast (north) from hurricane landfall. "R" equals
about 20 miles for category 1-3 storms and 12 miles for category 5 storms.

Wind velocities given in the SPLASH computer model printout is
the 10 minute average wind velocity. The maximum ocean winds
as described by the Saffir/Simpson scale is 1. 31 times the 10 minute
average.

It has been determined that Evacuation should be completed before the
winds reach about 40 mph. This time can be determined by finding
the time of the 30 mph (40t 1. 31) winds at the area of peak surge.
The time of 40 mph winds in hours before landfall is shown on Table
3 and in hours preceding a paralleling storm is shown on Table 4.

Attachment One - Figure 1
Open Coast Peak Storm Surge
Storm surge plus
astronomical tide* Landfalling Storms
(feet above mean sea level)

301 Storm
Category
:4 (L
o 25
F:4 . . . . . . . .

z Q: 5
0

E-1
1% (C 1 4
20-

P4 ........
W 4J 2
0 a)
10

F 5

En U)

__BRY
Miles from S. C. kAT14 4NTY _@@Li"ERTYJ MCI TOSH, COU TY GL@NN CkNTY CAMD N C NTY
C) U) CD U-) (5 in 0 U') 0 U') C) U.) C) Ln C) U.) C) Ln 0 U.) CD U1 C) U') C)
Savannah River -i r-4 CN CN M M q:r IV U') Ln ko ko r- r- 00 00 M M C) C> r_q
entrance I I I I I I r_1 r-i
ro ro ro rd ro rd ro @4

>
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
w M w U) w w

U) 0 >1 rd U) U)
a) 0 r@ >1
W 4 0 Q) @_l
En 04 0 2 @4
En .14 ro
> U) 4J V)
(a 0 r_4
4J 4@
*
YfL
T
_ C:>
Ln 110

4-)
-P
Peak Surge occurs approximately 20 miles En
north of hurricane landfall in Category -P
1-4 storms, and 12 miles north of landfall
during Category 5 storms.

Attachment One Figure 2

Open Coast Peak Storm Surge
Paralleling Storm 15 Miles West of Coastline (inland)

Q) 20

0 ro M 1 5 Storm
04 4J Vj Category
a) -4 @:: 3
10
2

0 a)
r,> 5
P 0 0
0 @4 Q
4J 4J
In U)
0

> > @4

BRYAN
TY LIBERTY
Miles from S.C. CHATHAM COUNTY COUNTY kINTOSK COUN GLYNN COUNTY EN COUNTY
Savannah Rive-
entrance c:> Ln C> Ln CD U-) 0 U-) Ln ul CD Ln CLno M-=> M C) Ln 0
I-q Ln ko r", co Cn C> C>
H H

@A ro ro ro Tj $4
Q) z Q)
> :3 >
.H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H
% 0 U) LI) U) U1 U) (1)
0 >1
ro r-4 0 >1
z (D @q M 0 @4
$:: U) 104 0 r.
fli cn U] (15 -1 ro
> (O U) 4-) U)
fu :3: 0 H
U) 4-) 4-)
z
41 1
U)

Attachment One - Figure 3

Open Coast Peak Storm Surge.
.Paralleling Storm on the Coastline

a) 20
>
H Storm
:1 ra (0 15
H -H a) Category
04 4J U) 1 77 3
10 1 2
@4 Q Q)

0 a)
9 > 5
@4 0 0
0 P @q
4J 4J (0
En En
41 0

> >
fo (d $4
W En

BRYAN
COUNTY LIBERTY
Miles from S.C. CRATHAM COUNTY COUNTY MCINTOSK COUNTY GLYNN COUNTY CAMDEN COUNTY IFLA.
Savannah River I I I I a I I I I I I I I I' I I I
Ln CD Ln 0 Ln C) Ln CD Ln C) Ln 0 Ln 0 Ln C) Ln CD Ln 0 Ln 0 Ln
entrance c' 00 01 M CD C>
r-i rq Iqr Ln Ln w rl@ rl-, 00
I I H H rl

@4 ra ru ru rd I'd ro @4
a) ro Q)
> >
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 U) U) U) U) U) En
En 0 >1 U) U)
0 >1
r-I
W 0 @4
U) 04 0 @4
U) @4 fd ro
> 4J V)
0 ri
4J
41
U)
4-;

Attachment One Figure 4

Open Coast Peak Storm Surge
Paralleling Storm 15 Miles East of Coastline

a) 20

Storm
::j rd (0 15 T7 3
r-4 -rqw Category
ia, -P u)
01 ro (0 10 2
1
@4 0 W
0

0 a)
r@ > 5
P 0 0
0 @4 4
4-) 4-) (0
W U)
rd 4-) 0

as r(I

U)
raM @4 :j
> > @4
(0 (0

BRYAN
sj@@ LIBERTY FLA.
Miles from S.C. CHATHAM COLNTY COUNTY CINTOSH. COUBTY GLYNN COUNTY CAMDEN COUNTY
Savannah River - I I i -
Ln Ln Ln Ln CD Ln CD Ln in Ln C) Ln CD Ln C) Ln
entrance M LO Ln co 00 a) ON CD 0
I - ri H

@4 ra rd ra rd 10 ro ro $4
a) ra z r. z r: 9:
> 0 0 @% :j >
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 U) w En En U) U)

U) 0 >1 ru U)
0 >1
@4
ra 0 a)
04 0 2: @4
Z rq ra
(a w H
> U) a) -P
ru 0 rl

U) 4.;
U)

Attachment One Figure 5

Open Coast Peak Storm Surge
Paralleling Storm 30 Miles East of Coastline

Q) 20

0 ra (a 15
r-i -H Q)
04 -Pw Storm
a) -iz Category
10
3

EQ
0 a)
F_:> 5
w 0 0
0 @4 4
4j -P 0
U) U)
faP 0

> > @4
(a (a fd
En

BRYAN
*4,COUNTYe LIBERTY I
Miles from S.C. UHATHAM COUNTY COUNTY INTOSH COUNTY GLYNN COUNTY CA14DEN COUNTY FLA.
Savannah River
entrance c::' Ln 0 in CD Ln U) C) Ln 0 Ln C) Ln 0 Ln 0 Ln 0 Ln 0
-q- Ln Ln ,o ko r, r-, co co m m c) c) H
I I ri H

@4 ro ro ro rd ro ra ra @4
a) ra z z 9 r. z z z w
> :3 @J :j 0 7S z >
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 H
0 U) U) (n U) rx
U)
0 >-, U)
0 >1
@q 0
U) 04 0 r.
U) z
> U) -P
(0 0 4 H
U) 4J 4.;

U
U)

Attachment One - FL9 @e6

Open Coast Peak Storm Surge
Paralleling Storm 45 Miles East of Coastline

q) 20

En
@:s 15
r--A -14 a)
04 4J W Storm
a) r-i r@ I I I I I - Category
rp rd ro 10 1 1 1
@4 U Q) T 4
:@ -,i r=; 3
Ei 1 2
0 Q)
@_-:> 5
@4 0 0
0 @4 Q
4J -P (0
U) Cn
ra 4J 0

> >
fu fo (Z
U)

BRYAN
COUNTY LIBERTY
CHATHAM COUNTY JC+DEN COUNTY
miles from S.C COUNTY MCINTOSIL COUNTY GLYNN COUNTY FLA.
Savannah River I I I I I I I I I I I - I I I I
Ln CD Ln 0 Ln 40 Ln a in Ln 0 Ln Ln 40 Ln 0 Ln 0 Ln CD Ln 0
entrance 1:1 IV @.D r- r-@ co co a% M CD CD H
C14 CN Ln Ln %D

ro ro ro ro ro ro @4
ro z
> z :3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 U) U) V) U) (n
En 0 >1 (0 (n En
(1) 0 4 >1
nj 0 @4
U) rd 04 0 @4 ru
U) ru
rd En Q) U)
0 H
<
41
U)

Tab le 3

LANDFALLING STORMS APPROACHING NORMAL TO COAST

Max
Wind Speed
Time of Saffir/ Time Of
Max Surge Max Surge Simpson 40 mph
Area Receiving Storm + Astro (Hrs. before Pressure Radius of Forward Sca le Time of Winds (hr.be-
Category Eye or Closest Approach Maximum Surge Surge Tide Landfall) Drop (mb) Max Winds Speed Avg 1.31 x Avg Max Winds fore Landfall)

1 North End of Tybee I. Port Royal Sd.SC 8.6 12.5 0 30 20 12 63 82 1 6.5
96
2 llt6 12 1.5 ------- 7.5--
3 17.7 21,6 0 12 91 120 1-, 5 9.5
4 23.8 -T777 ------- Y--- 80 lb-5-1 8 1.5 11.5
5 Hilton Head I,SC 27.6 31.5 0 100 12 12 130 170 0 12.5
I North End Wassaw I. Hilton Head I.SC 8,7 12.6 0 30 20 12 65 82 0 6.5
2 11.8 15.7 1 0 40 20 12 74 97 1.5 7.5
3 18.0 21.9 1 5 60 20 12 91 120 1.5 9.5
4 24.3 28.2 0 20 12 105 138 1.5 11
5 Savannah Riv. En,28,2 32.1 0 100 IT 1-2 130 -170- .5 -----12.5 ----------
64 84
1 Ossabaw Island Savannah Riv. En 8.9 i2.8 30 20 0 6.5
2 Tybee Island 11.6 -40- 20 12 74 97 ---------- 1.5- 3
3 18.4 22.3 0 60 91-120 1.5 --9.5 ---------
4 24.7 28.6 0 80 20 12 105 138 1.5 11.5
5 Tybee Island 28.9 32.8 -------- 100 12 12 -130 170 - .5--- 12.5
1 St. Catherines 1. Wassaw SoUT15--- - -9. 0 12.9 0 ---- 36- Y6- 12 64 84 1 6.5
---------------- -
2 12.2 16.1 0 40 20 12 74 97 1,5 7.5
---------- ----------- ----
3 18.6 -22.5 0 60 20------- 12 91 --120 ------- - 1.5 -------- 9.5 ------
4 25.0 28.9 0 80 20 12 105 138 1.5 11
5 Ossabaw-I. 29.7 33,6 100--- 12 12 129 169 ......... _.2__ _ _-L2.
I Ossabaw 13.3 0 -_LO__ _IgL ...... 12 64 8@ ---------- 615
2 12.7 16.6 0 40 20 12 74 97 1.5 - 7.5.
3 19.4 23.3 0 60 20 12 91 120 1.5 9.5
4 26.0 2 80 20 ---12 105 13@ -------
5 St. Catherines 1 29.9 100 -1? 169 0
1 Sapelo I. St. Catherines I _ -9_6 13. @....... 9........... __2@D _6@ ---------- I- ------- @, 5-
2 -------- 4D 2D- --LL 2A-4--92 ---------- 1,.5--- 7. 5
3 23.5 0 60 20
12 1.5 .----9.5
4 26.5 .3 80 20 1 1.5 11
-7 1 Sapelo SD.
5 131.1 1 -34.9 0 100 12 12 130 170 12.5
1

16 6
23.3
g2
Pa

Table 3 (cont'd)

LANDFALLING STORMS APPROACHING NORMAL TO COAST

Max
Wind Speed
Time of Saffir! Time Of
Max Surge Max Surge Simpson 40 mph
Area Receiving Storm + Astro (Hrs. before Pressure Radius of Forward Sca le Tii-qe of Wbids (hr.be-
Category Eye or Closest Approach Maximum Surge Surge Tide Landfall) Drop (tub) Max Winds Speed Avg 1.31 x Avg Max Winds fore Landfall)

I Little ST. Simons 1. - BlackBeard I. q-6 13-4 30 20 6.5
9 13-0 16-8 20 12
3 0 19 91 120 @1_5 9 a
------- 76 7 10-9 ---- 0 gn 90 12 -LO.5. - -U.8 1 - 9
Sapplo Tm 3n-4 14-2 0 ---LQQ- -_. _ 12 12 13 0 -17-Q ---------- a--- 12.5
1 St. Simons SD. (Bwk) Wolf I.-Sapelo-1---9.6-13.4 0 30 -.20 -------- 12 64 84 1 6.5
2 12.9 1 16.7 0 40 1 20 --12 -74 - - 91 1.5 7.5
3 19.7 23.5 0 60 20 12 91 1 120 1.5 9.5
4 26.6 30.4 0 80 20 12 1061 139 1.5 11.5
5 Little St. Sim.I 29.9 33.7 0 100 12 12 130 170 .5 12.5
1 umberland I. North End St. Simons 1. 9.3 12.8 30 20 12 64 84
2 12.5 16.0 0 --- @6- --Io- -fi -@W - J7 -------- T. 5 7.5
3 22.6 0 20 12 120 1.5 9.5
4 25.8 29.3 0 0 20 f@ 106 139 1 11.5
5 29.6 33.1 0 12 12 129 169 .5 12.5
1 S - Jekyll Island 9.5 13.0 0 30 20 12 64 84 f 6.5
2 ------ 12.8 16.3 0 -40--- 20 74---97 ---------- 1.5 7.5
3 .-19-.-6- 23.1 0 60 20 12 91 120 --l-.-5 ---------- 9,5 - ------
4 26.4 29.9 0 80 '2'0 --------- i@ 106 139 1.5 11
----------- ------- ---------- ........ .. .............
29.6 33.1 0 100 12 12 130 170 0 12.5
I @ernandina Bch. Fl. Cumberland 1. 9.3 12. 30 20 12 64 84 1 6.5
97
2 12.5 16.0 0 40 12 74 1.5 7.5
3 19.1 22.6 0 0 20 12 --;i' -f2d 1.5 9.5
4 25.8 29.3 0 80 ------- 12 --70-6 --139 - ------- f.-@ --------- 1-1
5 _S6.W ------- j --To-o"- _ff -ff -- _T16 - Yf6 -------- 12.5
- ----------- -- - -------------------------------
1 Nassau SD., FL. St. Marvs. GA 8.3 11.6 1 0 30 20 12 64 84 1 6.5
1 74 7
2 ---11.2. 14.5 0 40 97
3 -------- 17.1 --fd.4 0 76- "1-2----,-91---120 -------- 1- 9.5
4 23.0 26.3 0 20 12 1 6 139
---- --------- ------ - --------------- -
5 IFernandina-B-c-h-.-F-l---2-2-.-7 26.0 0 100 12 12 R9 169 .5 12.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L I N G H U R R I C A N E

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (Hrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding Mrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE1 TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. .1.31x Avg.

15 Miles Left Savannah River Ent. 5.1 9.0 1.5 6 30 20 12 64 84
of Coast Tybee Island 5.1 9.0 1.5 6 1
Wassaw Sound 5.2 9.1 1.5 6
Wassaw Island 5@? 9-1 1-9
Ossabaw Sound 5-1 9 I I 9 6
Ossabaw Island S-1 q 1 1.5 7
St. Catherine's Sound 5.3 9.1 1.5 7
St. Catherine's I. 5.3 9.0 1.5 7
Sapelo Sound 5.3 9.0 2 7
Black Beard Island 5.3 9.0 2 7
Sapelo Island 5.3 9.0 2 7
Doboy Sound 5.2 8.8 2 7
Wolf Island 5.2 8.8 2 7
Altamaha Sound 5.2 8.8 2 7
St. Simons Island 5.1 8.7 2 7
St. Simons Sound 5,0 8.5 2 7
Jekyll Island 4.8 8.3 2 7.5
I St. Andrews Sound .6 8.0 2 7.5
Cumberland Island 4.3 7.6 2 7.5
St. Marys River Ent. 3.7 7.0 2 7.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L ING HURRICANE

2 15 Miles Left Savannah River Ent. 7@O 10,9. 1,5 7,5 40 20 12 74 97
Of Coast Tybee Island 710 10.9 1,5 7,5
Wassaw Sound -7.1 10,9 1.5 7.5
Wassaw Island 7,1 10,9 1.5 7.5
Ossabaw Sound 7.2 11.0 1,5 7,5
Ossabaw Island 7.3 .11.1 1.5 8
St. Catherine's Sound. 7.3 11.0 1.5 8
St. Catherine's 1. 7.3 11.0 1.5 8
Sapelo Sound 7,3 11.0 1,5 8
Black Beard Island 7.3 11.0 1.5 8
Sapelo Island 7,2 10.8 1.5 8
Dobov Sound 7.1 10.7 2 8
Wolf Island 1.1 110.7 2 8
Altamaha Sound 7.0 110.6 2 8
St. Simons Island 6.9 10.4 2 8.5
St. Simons Sound 6.8 10.3 2 8.5
Jekyll Island 6.5 10.0 2 8,5
St. Andrews Sound 6.3 9,7 2 8.5
Cumberland Island 5.6 8.9 2 8.5
St. Marys River Ent. 5,0 8,2 2 8.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L ING HURRICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph ISAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (Hys. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
AVG.
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE1 TIDE storm) ing storm)- DROP (mb) max._ WINDS SPEED 1.31x Avg.

3 15 Miles Left Savannah River Ent. 10,9- 14e8 1.5 10 60 20 12 91 120
Of Cnast Tvbee Island 10J 14 R I-S I () -
Wassaw Sound 11.1 14.9 1.5 10
Wassaw Island 11.2 14.9 1.5 10
Ossabaw Sound 11.3 15-1 -1.5 10
Ossabaw Island 11.4 15.2 1.5 10
St. Catherine's Sound 11-4 19.2 1.5 10
St. Catherine's 1. 11.4 15.1 1.5 10
Sapelo Sound 11,3 15.0 2 10
Black Beard Island 11.3 15.0 10
Sapelo Island 11.2 14.9 2 10
Dobov Sound 11.2 14.8 2 10.5
Wolf Island 11.1 14.7 2 10.5
Altamaha Sound 11.0 14.6 2 10.5
St. Simons Island 10.9 14.4 2
St. Simons Sound 10,6 14.1 2 10.5
Jekyll Island 10.4 13.8 2 10.5
St. Andrews Sound 9.8 13.2 2 10.5
Cumberland Island 2.0 112-2 12 10.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L ING H U R R I CANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE Mrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF IFORWARD Scale
HURRTCANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE1 TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDSISPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
00 Miles Left Savannah River Ent, 6.0 k9 1,5 6,5 30 20 12 62 81
Of Coast Tybee Island 6,1 LU,O 1,j 6,5
Wassaw Sound 6,2 1011 1,5 6.5
Wassaw Island @62_10,1 1,5 6.5
Ossabaw Sound 6-1 10-1 1-9 7
Ossabaw Island 6.3 lo-1 1-5 7
St. Catherine's Sound 6.4 10.2 1.5 7
St. Catherine's 1. 6.5 ELO. 3 1.5 7
Sapelo Sound 6.6 10.3 1.5 7
Black Beard Island 6.7 LO.4 1.5 7
Sapelo Island 6.7 10.4 2 7
Doboy Sound 6.6 10.2 2 7
Wolf Island 6.6 10.2 2 7
Altamaha Sound 6.6 10.2 2 7
St. Simons Island 6.4 CLO. 0 2 7
St. Simons Sound 6.1 .6 2 7
Jekyll Island 5.8 .6 2 7
St. Andrews Sound 5.5 .9 2 6.5
I Cumberland Island 5.1 .4 2 6.5
St. Marys River Ent. 4.5 .6 2 6.5
9

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L I N G H U R R I C A N E

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (1irs, Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
----.-.!CANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGEI TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
2 00 Miles Left Savannah River Ent. 8.3 12.2 1 1.5 8 40 20 12 72 94
Of Coast Tybee Island 8.4 12.3 1.5 8 1
Wassaw Sound 8.5 12.4 1.5 8
Wassaw Island 8,6 12.4 1,5 8
Ossabaw Sound 8.6 12.4 1.5 8
Ossabaw Island 8@7 12.5 1,5 8
St. Catherine's Sound R-s 12.6 1.5 8
St. Catherine's I. 9-9 112.7 1.5 8
Sapelo Sound 9.1 12.3 2 8
Black Beard Island 9.1 12.3 2 8
Sapelo Island 9.0 12.7 2 8
Doboy Sound 9.0 19.6 1.5 8
Wolf Island 9-0 12.6 1.5 8
Altamaha Sound 9.0 12,6 1.5 8
St. Simons Island 9-7 12-3 1.5 8
St. Simons Sound 8.3 11.8 1,5 8
Jekyll Island 8.0 11.5 1.5 8
St. Andrews Sound 7.6 11.0 1.5 8
Cumberland Island 7-0 110 1.5 8
St. Marys R er Ent. 6.1 1 9.3 2 8

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L ING HURRICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE 0irs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRFSSURE RADIUS OF IFORWARD Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGEI TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
3 00 Miles Left Savannah River Ent. 12.8 .16.7 2 10 60 20 12 69- 117
Of Coast Tybee Island 13.0 16.9 2 10
Wassaw Sound 13.2 17.1 2 10
Wassaw Island 13.4 17.2 2 10
Ossabaw Sound -13.5 17.3 1.5 9.5
Ossabaw Island 13.6 117.4 1.5 9.5
St. Catherine's Sound 13.9 17.7 2 9-9
St. Catherine's 1. .14.0 17.7 2 10
Sapelo Sound 14.3 18.0 2 10
Black Beard Island 14.3 18.0 2 10
Sapelo Island 14.1 1711 2 10
Doboy Sound 14. 1_ 17.7 2 10
Wolf Island 14.0 17.6 1.5 10
Altamaha Sound 13.9 17.5 1.5 10
St. Simons Island 13.5 17.0 1,5 10
St. Simons Sound 13.0 16.5 1.5 10
Jekyll Island 12.5 15.9 1.5 9.5
St. Andrews Sound 11.8 15.2 2 9.5
Cumberland Island .10.9 .14.2 12 9-5
St. Marys River Ent. 19.4 112.6 12 1 9.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L I N G H 11 R R I C A N E

15 Milps Riaht Savannah River Ent. 4.7 8.6 11-9 1 6 10 20 19 57 71;
Of rc),qst- Tvbee Island 4.8 9-7 1-% 6
Wassaw Sound _ 4_q R-A 1-9 6
Wassaw Island n A A 1
Ossabaw Sound 9.1 9-9 1 5 6
Ossabaw Island 5.1 8.q 1.5 6
St. Catherine's Sound 5.2 9.0 1.5 6 1
St. Catherine's 1. 5.2 8.9 1.5- 6
Sapelo Sound 5,3 9,0 1,5 6
Black Beard Island 5.3 9.0 1.5 6
Sapelo Island 5.2 8,8 1,5 6
Doboy Sound 5.2 8-8 1-5 6
Wolf Island 5.2 8.8 1.5 6
Altamaha Sound 5.1 8,7 1,5 6
St. Simons Island 5.0 8.6 1.5 6
St. Simons Sound 4.7 8.2 1.5 6
Jekyll Island 4.5 7.9 1.5 6
St. Andrews Sound 14,3 7.7 1.5 6
1 Cumberland Island @,O 7.3 11.5 1 5-5 1
St. Marys River Ent. D.8 7,0 11.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L I N G H U R R I C A N E

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE Oirs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs, preceed- PRrSSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE] TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
2 15 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 6.4 10.3 1.5 7.5 40 20 12 67 88
Ut Goast Tvbee Island 6.5 10.4 1.5 7.5
Wassaw Sound 6.6 10.5 1.5 7.5
Wassaw Island 6.7 10.5 1.5 7.5
Ossabaw Sound 6-9 10.7 1-5 7.5
Ossabaw Island 7-0 10.8 1.5 7.5
St. Catherine's Sound 7-1 10-9 1.5 7.5
St. Catherine's 1. 7-9 10-9 1.5 7.5
Sapelo Sound 7.4 11.1 1.5 7.5
Black Beard Island 7.3 111.0 1.5
Sapelo Island 7.2 10. 9 1.5 7.5
Doboy Sound 7.2 10.8 1.5 7.5
Wolf Island 7.1 10.7 1.5 7
Altamaha Sound 7.0 10.6 1.5 7
St. Simons Island 6.8 10.3 1.5 7
St. Simons Sound 6.5 10.0 1.5 7
Jekyll Island 6.3 19.7 1.5 7
St. Andrews Sound 6.0 9.4 1.5 T--7
Cumberland Island 5.6 8.9 1.5 7
St. Marys River Ent. 5.1 18.3 11.5 7

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L I N G H U R R I C A N E

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph AVG.jSAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE 0irs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
------JCANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE1 TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED 1.31x Avg.

3 15 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 10,1 14,0 .1.5 9,5 60 20 12 84 lin
Of Coast -Tybee Island 10.3 14.2 11@5 9.5
Wassaw Sound 10.5 14.4 11.5 9.5
Wassaw Island 10-7 14@s I-S 9.9
Ossabaw Sound 11.0 14-A 1-5 9 1
Ossabaw Island 11.0 14.9 1-5 ()-5
St. Catherine's Sound 11.3 15,1 1,5 9.5
St. Catherine's 1. 11 '5 15.3 1.5 9,5
Sapelo Sound 11.6 15,3 1,5 9.5
Black Beard Island 11.7 15.4 11,5 9, 5
Sapelo Island 11,5 15,1 11.5 9.5
Doboy Sound 11.3 14.9 11. 9.5
Wolf Island 11.2 14.8 (1.5 9,0
Altamaha Sound 11.1 14,7 11.5 9@0
St. Simons Island 10,7 14,3 1.5 9.0
St. Simons Sound 10.1 13.6 1,5 9,0
Jekyll Island 9.7 13,2 1,5 9.0
St. Andrews Sound 9.4 12,8 1,5 9.0
Cumberland Island 8.8 12.1 1,5 9.0
St. Marys River Ent. 18,0 11.2 1.5 9,0

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E LING HURR ICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE Mrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs, preceed- PRFSSURE RADIUS OF IFORWARD, Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGEI TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDSISPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
30 Miles Right Savannah River Ent.-- 2:,9 16,8 2.5 6 30 20 12 48 63
Of Coast Tybee Island 3.0 6.9 2,5 6
Wassaw Sound TI-0 6.9 2,5 6
Wassaw Island -3.1 7.0 2.5 6
Ossabaw Sound 1-1 6-9 2.5 5.5
Ossabaw Island 1-2 7-0 2.5 5.5
St. Catherine's Sound '1-7 7.0 2.5 5,5
St. Catherine's 1. -1-9 17.0 2.5 5,5
Sapelo Sound 3.3 7 0 2.5 5.5
Black Beard Island '1.1 7.0 2.5 5,5
Sapelo Island 3.3 6.9 2,5 5.5
Doboy Sound 14 -1 6-C) 12.5 5.5
Wolf Island 1.9 6.8 1.5 5.5
Altamaha Sound 3.1 6.7 1.5 5,5
St. Simons Island 3-0 6.6 .1.5 5
St. Simons Sound 2,q 6.4 1,5 5
Jekyll Island 2,9 6.4 1,5 5
St. Andrews Sound 2.8 6.3 1.5 5
I Cumber and Island 2-7 6.0 11.5 1 5
St. Marys River Ent. 2.5 5.7 11,5 5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E LING HURRICAN E

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE Mrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE1 TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
2 30 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 3.9 7.8 2.5 7 40 20 12 56 73
Of Coast Tybee Island 4.0 7.9 2.5 7 -
Wassaw Sound 4.0 7.9 2.5 7
Wassaw Island 4.1 7.9 2.5 7
Ossabaw Sound 4.2 8.0 2.5 7
Ossabaw Island 4.3 8.1 2 5 7
St. Catherine's Sound 4.5 8.3 2 7
St. Catherine's 1. 4.6 9.3 2 7
Sapelo Sound 4.7 8.4 2 7
Black Beard Island 4.6 8-3 2 7
Sapelo Island 4.5 8.1 2 7
Doboy Sound 4-5 8-1 9
Wolf Island 4-4 8-0 -1-5- 6
Altamaha Sound 4.3 7.9 1.5 6
St. Simons Island 4.2 7.8 1.5 6
St. Simons Sound 4.o 7.5 1 1.5 6
Jekyll Island 3.9 7.4 1.5 6
St. Andrews Sound 3.8 2 1-5 6
Cumberland Island 13.6 1-5 1 6
St. Marys River Ent. 13.5 6.7 1.5 6.
.4
2
P6

TABLE 4

P A R A L L ELING HURR ICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (Hrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF IFORWARD J.Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGEI TIDE storm) ing stor DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVC. 31x Avg.
3 30 Miles Right Savannah-River-Ent. 6.1 110.0 2.5 9.5 60 20 12 72 94
Of Coast Tybee Island 6.2 10.1 2.5 9.5
Wassaw Sound 6.4 10.1 2.5 9.5
Wassaw Island 6-9 10-3 2 9 9 S
Ossabaw Sound A 11 10.3 2.5 9.5
Ossabaw Island A-7 10.5 2.5 9.
St. Catherine's Suund A A 10.6 2 9
St. Catherine's 1. 7 1 .10.6 2 9
Sapelo Sound 10.9 2 9
Black Beard Island 10.9 2 9
Sapelo Island 6.9 10.5 2 9
Doboy Sound 6 8 in-4 2 9
Wolf Island 6.8 10.4 1.5 8.5
Altamaha Sound 6.7 10.3 1.5 8.5
St. Simons Island 6.4 10.0 1.5 8.5
St. Simons Sound 6.1 9.6 1.5 8.5
Jekyll Island 6.0 9.5 1.5 8
St. Andrews Sound 5.9 9.3 1.5 8
Cumberland Island - 5.7 9.0 1.5 8
St. Marys River Ent.- 5.5 8.7 1.5 7.5
r
6-9
6.8
68
6,7

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E LING HURRICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (Hrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRFSSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
HURRTCANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGEI TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.

45 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 1.8 5.7 3 5 30 20 12 138 50
-OF-C-oas t Tybee Island 1.8 @). / 3 j
Wassaw Sound 1.9 5.8 3 5
Wassaw Island 1.9 5.7 3 5
Ossabaw Sound 2.0 5.8 3 -4.5
Ossabaw Island 2..0 5.8 3 4.5
St. Catherine's Sound 2.0 5.8 3 4.5
St. Catherine's 1. 2.0 5.7 3 4.5
Sapelo Sound 2.1 5.8 2.5 4.5
Black Beard Island 2.1 5.8 2.5 4.5
Sapelo Island 2.0 5.6 2.5 4.5
Doboy Sound 2.0 5.6 2.5 4
Wolf Island 2.0 5.6 2 4
Altamaha Sound 2.0 5.6 2 4
St. Simons Island -1@9 5. 2 4
St. Simons Sound 1.8 5. 3 2 4
Jekyll Island 1.8 5.3 2 4
St. Andrews Sound 1.8 5_2 1.5 4
Cumberland Island 1.8 5.0 2 4
St. Marys River Ent. 11.8 5.0 2.5 3

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L I N G H U R R I C A N E

2 45 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 2.4 6.3 3.5 6 40 20 12 45 59
Of Coast Tybee Island 2.5 6.4 3.5 6
Wassaw Sound 2.6 6.5 3.5 6
Wassaw Island 2 6 6--4 2-9 6
Ossabaw Sound ') 7 6 9 7 11 A
Ossabaw Island 9-7 6-5 9-5 6
St. Catherine's Sound 9-7 A 1; A
St. Catherine's 1. 2.8 6.5 2.5 6
Sapelo Sound 2.9 6.6 2 6
Black Beard Island 2,9 6.6 2 6
Savelo Island 2.8 6.4 2 6
Doboy Sound 2.7 6.3 2 6
Wolf Island 2.7 6.3 2 5.5
Altamaha Sound 2,7 6.3 1.5 5.5
St. Simons Island 2.6 I 6.2 1.5 5.5
St. Simons Sound 2,5 6.0 1.5 5
Jekyll Island 1.5 5
St. Andrews Sound 2. 5. 1,5 5
I Cumberland Island 1,5 5
St. Marys River Ent. 1.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L I, E LING HURRICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (Hrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs. preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGE TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
3 45 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 3,7 7,6 3.5 8.5 60 20 12 56 73
of Coast Tybee Island 3.8 7.7 3.5 8.5
Wassaw Sound _ 3,9 7.8 3,5 8.5
Wassaw Island A-0 7-R 3.5 8.5
Ossabaw Sound 4 0 7 8 2-5 8.5
Ossabaw Island 4-1 7-q 2-5 8.5
St. Catherine's Sound /1 14 A 1 2-S 8.5
St. Catherine's I. /I 'A g - 1) 2-5 8 1
Sapelo Sound 4.4 8.1 2.5 8
Black Beard Island 4 4 9-1 2-5 8
Sapelo Island 4.2 7.8 2.5 8
Doboy Sound 7 7 2- q- 8
Wolf Island L-1 7-7 2 7.5
Altamaha Sound 4-0 7.6 2 7,5
St. Simons Island &4(l 1 7 A 1-j 7.5
St. Simons Sound 1-6 7.3 1.5 7.5
Jekyll Island 3.7 7.2 1.5 7
St. Andrews Sound 3-7 7.1 1.5 7
Cumberland Island 1-7 7 0 1-5 7
St. Mags River Ent. 3,6 6.8 1,5 6.5

TABLE 4

P A R A L L E L ING HURRICANE

STORM PARAMETERS
WIND SPEED
TIME OF MAX TIME OF 40 mph @SAFFIR/
MAX SURGE SURGE (Hrs. Winds on shore SIMPSON
STORM+ASTRO preceeding (Hrs, preceed- PRESSURE RADIUS OF FORWARD Scale
HURRICANE TRACK LOCATION ALONG COAST SURGEI TIDE storm) ing storm) DROP (mb) max. WINDS SPEED AVG. 1.31x Avg.
4 45 Miles Right Savannah River Ent. 4.9 1 8,8 3.5 10,5 80 20 12 66 86
Of Coast Tybee Island b'u 6.9 :3. j iu.5
Wassaw Sound 5,1 9,0 3.5 10.5
Wassaw Island 5.3 9 1 2,5 10,5
Ossabaw Sound 5,4 9.2 2,5 10.0
Ossabaw Island 5.6 9,4 2.5 10.0
St. Catherine's Sound 5@6 9.4 2.5 1010
St. Catherine's 1. 5.7 9,4 2,5 1010
Sapelo Sound 5,8 9,5 2,5 10io
Black Beard Island 5,8 9,t 2.5 10.0
Sapelo Island 5.6 9.2 2,5 1010
Doboy Sound 5-5 9-1 2-5 10.0
Wolf Island S-5 7.1 1.5 9
Altamaha Sound 5.4 9.0 1.5 9
St. Simons Island 1; - 91 A-A 1-5 9
St. Simons Sound 5.0 8.5 1.5 9
Jekyll Island 5.0 8.4 1.5 9
1 St. Andrews Sound 5.0 8.4 1.5 8.5
C.mberland Island 4-9 8-9 1,S 8.5
St. Marys River Ent. 4.8 8.0 1 1.5 8
@,8
0
9 1
9. 2

I @

READINESS ACTION CHECKLISTS

ATTACHMENT TWO

Atta@f=,nt

T.bl,@ I
HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECK LIST

AGENCY RESCUE SERVICE/EMS HEALTH DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY &
CHILDREN SERVICES (DFCS)
ACTIONS

CONDITION 5 1. Update internal SOP. 1. Update internal SOP. 1@ Update internal SOP.
2. Participate in local jurisdiction 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response
BEGINNING OF exercises. training. training.
HURRICANE 3. Maintain inventory of resources 3. Participate in local jurisdictional 3. Participate in local jurisdictional
SEASON i.e. personnel, equipment, ve- exercises. exercises.
hicles and supplies. 4. stockpile emergency medical supplies 4, Maintain equipment in serviceable
(JUNE 1) for use in shelters. condition.
5. maintain inventory of resources i.e. 5. Maintain inventory of resources i.e.
personnel, equipment, vehicles and personnel, equipment, vehicles and
supplies. supplies.
6. maintain roster of nurses for shelter 6. Coordinate with Red Cross to support
staff in coordination with Red Cross. shelter functions.

CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures. 1. Review plans and procedures. 1. Review plans and procedures with
2. Alert personnel. 2. Alert personnel. personnel.
POTENTIAL 3. Coordinate with other depart- 3. Plan/provide for emergency first aid 2. Alert personnel.
HURRICANE ments able to provide support and medical facilities. 3. Assist in shelter preparation and
THREAT services. 4. Check status of medical equipment/sup- staffing.
72-36 plies within jurisdiction.
HOURS 5. Coordinate with other departments/agen-
cies providing similar services i.e.
EMS, DFCS, Red Cross.

CONDITION 3 1. Review emergency assignments 1. Dispatch health care staff and supplies 1. Review emergency assignments with
with personnel. to shelters. personnel.
24-36 HOURS 2. Assist with evacuation of nursing
OR HURRICANE homes and other dependent populations.
"WATCH" 3. Coordinate with Superintendent of
Schools & Red Cross on shelter require-
ments (food, clothing, shelter staff,
etc.).

CONDITION 2 1. Place representative in EOC. 1. continue dispatching staff to shelters 1. Assign personnel to assist in shelters
as requested. its needed.
24 HOURS' 0.1 2. Report health supply needs to EOC. 2. Continue close coordination with Red
HURRICANE Cross and County C.D. to assist shelter
"WAIVING" operations and evacuation.

CONDITION 1 1. Respond as necessary to 1. Continue service in shelters. 1. Assist Red Cross in shelter functions.
emergency calls. 2. Ensure sanitary conditions in shelters 2. Assist with evacuation transportation
12 HOURS OR are maintained. as requested.
LESS 3. Report health supply shortages to EOC.

RE-ENTRY 1. Respond as necessary to 1. Set up temporary medical clinics. 1. Continue assistance in shelter operations.
AND RECOVERY emergency calls. 2. Assist in damage assessment. 2. Assist in damage assessment.
3. Evaluate and provide to EOC recommenda- 3. Provide social e;ervices.
tions on health aspects of damaged areas.

Attachment 2

Table 2
HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECKS LIST

AGENCY
BOARD OF EDUCATION RED CROSS CHAPTER COUNTY COMMISSION/14AYOR/ADMINISTPATION
ACTIONS

CONDITION 5 1. Update internal SOP. 1. Update internal SOP. 1. Ensure update of County Hurricane
2. Conduct in-house training, 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response Response Plans.
3. Participate in local juris- training. 2. Support exercise to test plan.
dictional exercises. 3. Participate in local jurisdictional 3. Meet with department heads and county
4. Maintain equipment in service- exercises. C.D. to prepare for hurricane season-
able condition. 4. Maintain inventory of resources i.e. review responsibilities.
5. Maintain inventory of resources personnel, equipment, vehicles and 4. Prepare to maintain continuity of
i.e. personnel, equipment, ve- supplies. government.
hicles, and supplies. 5. maintain equipment in serviceable 5. Encourage public awareness activities.
6. Conduct joint inspection of condition.
shelters with Red Cross and 6. Maintain roster of volunteers for
local C.D. to ensure adequacy shelter staff including managers.
of facilities. 7. Maintain shelter listing & Service
agreements.
8. Conduct joint inspection of shelters
with Superintendent of schools and
local C.D. to ensure adequacy and
capacity of facilities.
9. Develop shelter plan for each site.

CONDITION 4 1. Review school plans and procedures 1. Review plans and procedures. 1. Participate in department heads brief-
with key personnel. 2. Alert personnel. ing.
POTENTIAL 2. Review shelter plans with shelter 3. Coordinate preparations with regional 2. Provide executive direction and control.
HURRICANE manager and Red Cross. Red Cross offices for staff, food and 3. Become familiar with damage assessment
THREAT 3. Check school buses for maintenance other support services. and reporting procedures.
72-36 & gas all vehicles. 4. Establish communication with DFCS,
HOURS 4. Alert personnel and ensure ade- local C.D. and volunteer organizations.
quate drivers & transportation
assistance.
5. Review evacuation routes with
bus drivers; provide maps.
6. Review plans for transporting
special populations.
7. Coordinate preparations as neces-
sary.

CONDITION 3 1. Close schools if school is in .ses- 1. mobilize personnel and open shelters. 1. Stand-bv to locate in EOC to provide
sion. 2. Assign shelter staff in coordination Direction & Control.
24-36 HOURS 2. Ensure the opening of schools for with Superintendent and local C.D.
OR HURRICANE public shelter & appropriate staff 3. Arrange for food to be brought into
"WATCH" if necessary. shelter.
3. Coordinate with DFCS and Red Cross. 4. Report occupancy estimates to C.D.
4. Coordinate with DFCS and local C.D.
to provide transportation for de-
pendent populations.

CONDITION 2 1. Continue shelter operations. 1. Carry out shelter operations. 1. Locate in EOC.
2. Continue assistance with evacuation 2. Activate EBS if necessary.
24 HOURS OR transportation.
HURRICANE
"WARNING"

CONDITION 1 1. Continue transportation to shelters. 1. Continue shelter operations to 1. Continue monitoring evacuation progress
2. Continue shelter services. include feeding, counseling, main- and emergency operations.
12 HOURS OR 3. Assist in moving medical, food and taining communication on storm's 2. Locate in alternate EOC if necessary.
LESS priority supplies to and among progress.
"EVACUATION" shelters as required and as condi-
tions permit.

RE-ENTRY 1. Coordinate transportation needs with 1. Support shelter operations as long as 1. Make initial damage assessment.
AND RECOVERY other agencies. necessary. 2. Coordinate priorities for recovery.
2. Phase out shelters when ordered by 2. Maintain records and document expendi- 3. Assist federal/state damage assessment.
EOC. tures. 4. Request assistance if necessary.
3. Assess damage to school facilities. 3. Close shelters as necessary.
4. Document expenses and losses. 4. Assist in provision of temporary hous-
ing, food for workers.
5. Coordinate with Salvation Army and
other volunteer groups.

Attachment 2

Table 3
HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECK LIST

AGENCY COUNTY CIVIL DEFENSE LAW ENFORCEMENT FIRE SERVICE
(SHERIFF/CITY/COUNTY POLICE)
ACTIONS

CONDITION 5 1. Update Hurricane Response Plan. 1. Update internal SOP including map 1. Update internal SOP.
2. Check Warning system; Update notifi- resources. 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response
BEGINNING OF cation rosters. 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response training.
HURRICANE 3. Ensure that shelters are adequate. training. 3. Participate in local jurisdictional
SEASON 4. Release general information to the 3. Participate in local jurisdictional exercise.
public (Education/Awareness Program). exercise. 4. Maintain equipment in serviceable
(JUNE 1) 5. Meet with department heads to en- 4. Maintain equipment in serviceable condition.
sure current SOP's. condition. 5. Maintain inventory of resources i.e.
6. Conduct exercise to test plan. 5. Maintain inventory of resources i.e. personnel, equipment and vehicles.
7. Inventory resources. personnel, equipment, vehicles.
6. Participate in community awareness
efforts.

CONDITION 4 1. Issue alert to all departments. 1. Review Plan and procedures. 1. Alert all personnel
2. Review Plans & Procedures with 2. Check equipment and gas vehicles. 2. Review Plans and procedures.
POTENTIAL department heads. 3. Maintain communication/coordination 3. Check all equipment gas vehicles
HURRICANE 3. Review priority lists. with State Patrol and all law enforce- and make other preparations as
THREAT 4. Alert EOC staff and prepare EOC ment branches. necessary.
72-36 for operation, 4. Coordinate with County C.D.
HOURS 5. Place communications & warning 5. Maintain communication with Georgia
teams on stand-by alert. Forestry Commission as necessary.
6. Alert damage assessment team.
7. Check equipment and fuel vehicles.
S. Review accounting system to pro-
vide for emergency expenditures.
9. Establish contacts with news
media.
10. Alert large industries, insti-
tutions, hotels/motels, marinas
and power plants.
11. Notify Red Cross, Salvation Army
and NDTA.

CONDITION 3 1. Issue "Watch" message to all de- 1. Notify all personnel of "watch." 1. Review emergency assignments with
partments. 2. Check generators and extra fuel storage. personnel.
2. Activate EOC and man 24 hours. 3. Review emergency assignments with per- 2. Place all units on stand-by or
3. Review assignment of EOC staff sonnel. dispatch as necessary.
and personnel. 4. Evacuate jails if necessary.
4. Arrange for phones in EOC, test 5. Assist motorists evacuating voluntarily.
radios and check auxiliary gen- 6. Establish traffic control points.
erators. 7. Place mobile communication units on stand-
5. Maintain coorclination/communica- by alert.
tion with Area 5 GEMA Coordinator. S. Report evacuation progress to C.D.
6. Evacuate nursing homes, jails and
other concentrations of dependent
population.
7. Notify Red Cross of voluntary
evacuation to provide for adequate
local shelterg.
8. Notify Bulloch County C. D.
9. Provide public. information to news
media.
10. Begin voluntary evacuation from
low-lying areas and mobile homes.
11. Encourage campers and tourists to
leave areas, contact motels/hotels.

CONDITION 2 1. Issue warning to all departments. 1. Finalize plans to direct evacuation when 1. Place representative in EOC.
2. EOC manned with all appropriate ordered. 2. Mobilize Personnel.
department heads or representatives. 2. Notify all personnel of "warning" & 3. Evacuate fire-fighting equipment if
3. Review readiness actions & status mobilize forces. required.
of shelters. 3. Place commander or representative in EOC. 4. Coordinate activities of all units
4. Strongly urge voluntary evacuation/or with EOC.
issue evacuation order (activate EBS).
5. Establish food supply for EOC.

CONDITION 1 1. Evacuation order issued. 1. Vehicles with sound equipment dispatched 1. Continue assistance as conditions
2. Notify host county C.D. Directors. to evacuate areas for warning. permit.
3. Monitor evacuation progress. 2. Patrol and secure evacuated area and lend
4. Maintain open circuit communica- assistance as conditions permit.
tion with Area 5 GEMA Field Coor- 3. Coordinate communications between shelters,
dinator. checkpoints and EOC.
5. Relocate in alternate EOC when 4. Move stragglers to best available shelter.
necessary. 5. Provide rescue assistance as required.

RE-ENTRY AND 1. Dispatch damage assessment teams. 1. Maintain order, prevent looting. 1. Continue assistance as capabilities
RECOVERY 2. Document disaster-related expenses. 2. Check personnel and equipment; request permit.
3. Document damage assessment. needed assistance. 2. Coordinate with outside fire support
4. Coordinate government department 3. Control access to evacuated areas. as needed.
activities in recovery in close 4. maintain coordination with GEMA and
cooperation with the GEMA, chief all law enforcement branches.
elected officials and other 5. Issue passes to identified relief
agencies. personnel.
5. Request recovery assistance if
appropriate.

Attachment 2

Table 4

HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECKLIST

AGENCY SALVATION ARMY SENIOR CITIZENS' CENTERS

ACTIONS

CONDITION 5 1. Update internal SOP. 1. Participate in revising the Disaster
2. Conduct in-house hurricane response Response Plan for Senior Citizens' Centers.
BEGINNING OF training. 2. Participate in hurricane response
HURRICANE 3. Maintain inventory or resources, i.e. training.
SEASON personnel, equipment, vehicles, supplies 3. Conduct hurricane response training in
(June 1) and other resource providers. Senior Citizens' Centers for clients and
4. Coordinate with Civil Defense and Red staff.
Cross to support shelter functions and plans 4. Maintain inventory of resources, i.e.
for feeding emergency workers. personnel, vehicles, equipment and supplies
by county.
5. Arrange to assist in shelter operations
and evacuation as appropriate.

CONDITION 4 1. Review plans and procedures with personnel. 1. Review plans and procedures for hurricane
2. Alert volunteer staff. response with Center staff.
POTENTIAL 3. Assist in shelter preparation and staffing. 2. Ensure awareness among Center clients.
HURRICANE THREAT 4. Coordinatb with Civil Defense to provide Contact dependent clients if necessary.
72-36 HOURS necessary food supplies where needed.

CONDITION 3 1. Mobilize personnel. 1. Provide transportation upon request.
2. Assist with shelter staffing as requested 2. Prepare to secure Senior Citizens' Center.
24-36 HOURS or appropriate. 3. Assist in shelter operations as requested.
OR HURRICANE 3. Provide food to EOC if requested.
"WATCH"

CONDITION 2 1. Continue emergency assistance as requested.

24 HOURS OR
HURRICANE
"WARNING"

CONDITION 1 1. Continue emergency assistance as conditions 1. Close and evacuate Senior Centers.
permit. 2. Assist in shelter operations as requested.
12 HOURS
OR LESS

RE-ENTRY 1. Provide food, clothing and other life 1. Assist in the assessment and documen-
AND support supplies to storm victims and emergency tation of damage of AAA sites.
RECOVERY workers in coordination with Red Cross and other 2. Assist the elderly in locating temporary
relief groups. housing, life support needs and other human
services.

Attachment 2

Table 3
HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECK LIST

AGENCY COUNTY CIVIL DEFENSE LAW ENFORCEMENT FIRE SERVICE
(SHERIFF/CITY/COUNTY POLICE)
ACTIONS

CONDITION 5 1. Update Hurricane Response Plan. 1. Update internal SOP including map 1. Update internal SOP.
2. Check Warning system; Update notifi- resources. 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response
BEGINNING OF cation rosters. 2. Conduct in-house hurricane response training.
HURRICANE 3. Ensure that shelters are adequate. training. 3. participate in local jurisdictional
SEASON 4. Release general information to the 3. Participate in local jurisdictional exercise.
public (Education/Awareness Program). exercise. 4. maintain equipment in serviceable
(JUNE 1) 5. Meet with department heads to en- 4. Maintain equipment in serviceable condition.
sure current SOP's. condition. 5. Maintain inventory of resources i.e.
6. Conduct exercise to test plan. 5. Maintain inventory of resources i.e. personnel, equipment and vehicles.
7. Inventory resources. personnel, equipment, vehicles.
6. Participate in community awareness
efforts.

CONDITION 4 1. Issue alert to all departments. 1. Review Plan and procedures. 1. Alert all personnel
2. Review Plans & Procedures with 2. Check equipment and gas vehicles. 2. Review Plans and procedures.
POTENTIAL department heads. 3. maintain communication/coordination 3. Check all equipment gas vehicles
HURRICANE 3. Review priority lists. with State Patrol and all law enforce- and make other preparations as
THREAT 4. Alert EOC staff and prepare EOC ment branches. necessary.
72-36 for operation. 4. Coordinate with County C.D.
HOURS 5. Place communications & warning 5. maintain communication with Georgia
teams on stand-by alert. Forestry Commission as necessary.
6. Alert damage assessment team.
7. Check equipment and fuel vehicles.
B. Review accounting system to pro-
vide for emergency expenditures.
9. Establish contacts with news
media.
10. Alert large industries, insti-
tutions, hotels/motels, marinas
and power plants.
11. Notify Red Cross, Salvation Army
and NDTA.

CONDITION 3 1. Issue "Watch" message to all de- 1. Notify all personnel of "watch." 1. Review emergency assignments with
paxtments. 2. Check generators and extra fuel storage. personnel.
2. Activate EG)C wid man 24 hours. 3. Review emergency assignments with per- 2. place all units on sta-nd-by or
3. Review assignment of EOC staff sonnel. dispatch as necessary.
and personnel. 4. Evacuate jails if necessary.
4. Arrange for phones in EOC, test 5. Assist motorists evacuating voluntarily.
radios and check auxiliary gen- 6. Establish traffic control points.
erators. 7. Place mobile communication units on stand-
5. Maintain coordination/communica- by alert.
tion with Area 5 GERA Coordinator. 8. Report evacuation progress to C.D.
6. Evacuate nursing homes, jails and
other concentrations of dependent
population.
7. Notify Red Cross of voluntary
evacuation to provide for adequate
local shelters.
8. Notify Bulloch County C. D.
9. Provide public information to news
media.
10. Begin voluntary evacuation from
low-lying areas and mobile homes.
11. Encourage campers and tourists to
leave areas, contact motels/hotels.

CONDITION 2 1. Issue warning to all departments. 1. Finalize plans to direct evacuation when 1. Place representative in EOC.
2. BOC manned with all appropriate ordered. 2. Mobilize Personnel.
department heads or representatives. 2. Notify all personnel of "warning" & 3. Evacuate fire-fighting equipment if
3. Review readiness actions & status mobilize forces. required.
of shelters. 3. Place commander or representative in EOC. 4. Coordinate activities of all units
4. Strongly urge voluntary evacuation/or with EOC.
issue evacuation order (activate EBS).
5. Establish food supply for EOC.

CONDITION 1 1. Evacuation order issued. 1. Vehicles with sound equipment dispatched 1. Continue assistance as conditions
2. Notify host county C.D. Directors. to evacuate areas for warning. permit.
3. Monitor evacuation progress. 2. Patrol and secure evacuated area and lend
4. Maintain open circuit comunica- assistance as conditions permit.
tion with Area 5 GEMA Field Coor- 3. Coordinate communications between shelters,
dinator. checkpoints and EOC.
5. Relocate in alternate EOC when 4. Move stragglers to best available shelter.
necessary. 5. Provide rescue assistance as required.

RE-ENTRY AND 1. Dispatch damage assessment teams. 1. maintain order, prevent looting. 1. Continue assistance as capabilities
RECOVERY 2. Document disaster-related expenses. 2. Check personnel and equipment; request permit.
3. Document damage assessment. needed assistance. 2. Coordinate with outside fire support
4. Coordinate government department 3. Control access to evacuated areas. as needed.
activities in recovery in close 4. Maintain coordination with GEMA and
cooperation with the GEMA, chief all law enforcement branches.
elected officials and other 5. Issue passes to identified relief
agencies. personnel.
5. Request recovery assistance if
appropriate.

Attachment 2

Table 4

HURRICANE INCREASED READINESS ACTIONS CHECKLIST

AGENCY SALVATION ARMY SENIOR CITIZENS' CENTERS

ACTIONS

CONDITION 2 1. Continue emergency assistance as requested.

24 HOURS OR
HURRICANE
"WARNING"

CONDITION 1 1. Continue emergency assistance as conditions 1. Close and evacuate Senior Centers.
permit. 2. Assist in shelter operations as requested.
12 HOURS
OR LESS

ATTACHMENT 3

NEWS MEDIA CALL LIST

ATTACHMENT 3

TELEVISION RADIO

WSAV-TV WGEC Radio Station
ph. (912) 236-3535 ph. (912) 754-6486
Savannah, GA Springfield, GA

WTOC-TV WQQT Radio Station
ph. (912) 232-0127 ph. (912) 232-4812
Savannah, GA Savannah, GA

WJCL-TV WSOK Radio Station
ph. (912) 925-0022 ph. (912) 232-3322/23/24
Savannah, GA Savannah, GA

WTLV-TV WKBX Radio Station
ph. (904) 354-1212 ph. (912) 879-1529
Jacksonville, FL Savannah, GA

WJKS-TV WGML Radio Station
ph. (912) 641-1700 ph. (912) 368-3399
Jacksonville, FL Hinesville, GA

RADIO PRIMARY AREA EBS

WSBI/WGIG Radio Station WJCL-TV Station
ph. (912) 265-3870 ph. (912) 925-0022
(912) 264- 9447 Savannah, GA
Brunswick, GA

WMOG Radio Station
ph. (912) 265-5980
Brunswick, GA

WPIQ/WYNR Radio Station
ph. (912) 264-3820
Brunswick, GA

WSOJ Radio Station
ph. (912) 427-2003
Jesup, GA

WLOP Radio Station
ph. (912) 427-3711
Jesup, GA

ATTACHMENT 4

EVACUATION MAP FOR CHATHAM COUNTY

Evacuation Zone
Evacuation Route
to Statesooro

to Swainsboro
Claxton
If
Dublin
McRa C
Lyon

ZONE

ZONE 2

'oA.

ONE I

CHATHAM COUNTY
GEORGIA

.A.. MAP-NOVEM.ER, 1074

PREPARED 61

DO STAU AREA PLANNING & DK@ELOPMENT COMMISSION
UNDER CONTRACT WITH 4
@.E DEPARTMENT OF CO ... MITI [email protected].

STATE OF GEORGIA. FOR CHATHAM COUNTY

ATTACHMENT 5

HURRICANE RESPONSE SURVEY

Attachment 5

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

At the outset, information pertaining to anticipated Chatham County
citizen preferences regarding several facets of the storm preparedness
and response process was obtained by utilizing data gathered by the
Coastal APDC in a large survey of Glynn County residents. The
optimum process would be to conduct a separate citizen survey of Chatham
County residents; however, neither time nor funding was available for
this purpose. Additionally, the similarities between Chatham and Glynn
Counties (urban coastal counties with developed barrier islands and
similar socio-economic characteristics) were judged to be sufficiently
adequate to make the Glynn County data transferable to the Chatham
County area.

The methodology for completing the Glynn County survey is presented
below to provide an overview of the sampling process, statistical accuracy,
and surveying techniques.

A systematic random sampling technique was used to define the Glynn
County sample population to be surveyed. This procedure consisted
of randomly selecting these residential listings from each page in the
Brunswick, Jekyll Island, St. Simons Island, and Sea Island telephone
directory of August, 1980.

Survey responses were separated into two groups based on the
geographic location of place of residence as identified on the Glynn
County Storm Evacuation Map. This map separates the county into
three distinct districts (Zone 1, 2 and 3) based on flood potential.
Zone 1 includes the barrier islands and lower lying portions of the
mainland. Zone 2 encompasses the intermediate topographic elevations
within the county. Zone 3 covers the western portion of the county,
with higher elevations where there is no flooding potential. It should
be noted that potential respondents in Zone 3 were intentionally excluded
from the survey since the primary purpose of the survey is to determine
predictive reactions of local residents that are most vulnerable to flooding.

A total sample size of 234 telephone listings was identified in Zones 1 and
2. Of this total, 38 listings were unusable because either- (1) the
respondent declined to participate in the survey, or (2) the telephone
number was inoperative. This yielded a total of 196 survey respondents.
With this sample size (which represents separate household units in Glynn
County) a "confidence interval" of 95% was established. This means that
given a sample size of 196 households (from a total of 21,266* occupied
units in the County) we can be 95% confident that the maximum error
between the response of the sample and the preferences of the entire
population is �7%. This level of accuracy was deemed appropriate for
this survey. The reader is cautioned that the conclusions drawn from
the data obtained from the survey should be tempered with the possibility

that there could be as much as a +7% deviation between the sample's
response to a particular question and the response that could be
obtained from surveying all 21,266 occupied households.

The telephone survey was conducted by a temporary staff person
employed by the Coastal APDC. This staff person was provided
one and one-half days of training in telephone survey techniques.

A maximum of four attempts (calls during weekdays) were made at
contacting each household. The first call to each possible respondent
was conducted between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. If no
contact was made on the initial call, the second attempt was made in
the evening hours. This procedure was replicated until either con-
tact with the household was made or the established maximum of four
attempts was exhausted. The duration of the survey period was
approximately three weeks during June, 1981.

Once the telephone survey was completed, the survey responses
were separated into two categories - (1) respondents from Zone I
(total of 92) and (2) respondents from Zone 2 (total of 104). The
county's total population in each of these two zones was then derived
(Zone I = 23,855, and Zone 2 -::: 30,118). The rationale for defining
both the survey respondents and the population by their geographic
location is to identify survey data that can be used to correlate to
the entire population of that zone

*Assumes a 5% vacancy rate in the total housing units in Glynn County
(22, 358 x . 95 = 21,266) .

Presented below are the results of the Glynn County sample citizen survey
transferred to the Chatham County population. The Glynn County sample
survey responses are expressed in percentages within the first columns
under the Zone 1 and Zone 2. These percentages were applied to the
Chatham County population totals for both Zones 1 and 2. This yields the
expected number of Chatham County residents that would have similar
responses to the Glynn County survey sample.

HURRICANE RESPONSE SURVEY

CHATHAM COUNTY

Question #1

Assuming everyone is home and were to be ordered by a governmental authority
to evacuate, how soon could you be ready and would you leave?

% of Zone 1 No. of % of Zone 2 No. of
Glynn Co. Chatham Glynn Co. Chatham
Survey County Survey County
Respondents Residents Respondents Residents
a. immediately 80% 31,660 94% 146,701
b. within 2 hours 16% 6,332 4% 6'243
c. when conditions are too 1% 396 2% 3,121
severe to stay
d. never 1% 396 0% 0
e. uncertain 2% 792 0% 0
Total to Evacuate 97% 38,388 100% 156,065
(a + b + c)

Question #2

If evacuation was only recommended and not ordered, would you leave?

Zone 1 Zone 2
% of No. of % of No. of
Glynn Co. Chatham Glynn Co. Chatham
Survey County Survey County
Respondents - -Residents Respondents Residents
a. yes 86% 34,034 92% 143,579
b. no 12% 4,749 7% 10,925
c. uncertain 2% 792 1% 1,561

Question #3

After leaving your home during an evacuation, where would you go?

Zone 1 Zone 2
% of No. of % of No. of
Glynn Co. Chatham Glynn Co. Chatham
Survey County Survey County
Respondents Residents Respondents Residents
a. Red Cross Shelter 37% 14,204 52% 81,154
1. within the county 0% 0 21% 17,042
2. outside the county 9% 1,278 6% 4,469
3. where instructed by
local officials 85% 12,074 69% 55,997
4. uncertain 6% 852 4% 3,246

b. Home of friend or relative 20% 7,678 26% 40,577
1. within the county 22% 1,689 0% 0
2. outside the county 78% 5,989 89% 36,114
3. in another coastal county 0% 0 11% 4,463

c. Hotel or motel 39% 14,970 19% 29,652
1. within the county 3% 449 0% 0
2. outside the county 80% 11,976 75% 22,239
3. location uncertain 17% 2,545 25% 7,413

d. Other 4% 1,536 3% 4,682

Question #4

How long have you lived in the county?

Zone I Zone 2
% of No. of % of No. of
Glynn Co. Chatham Glynn Co. Chatham
Survey County Survey County
Respondents Residents Respondents Residents
a. Less than 10 years 45% 17,808 20% 31,213
b. 10-30 years 37% 14,643 45% 70,729
c. 30-60 years 17% 7,124 29% 45,259
d. More than 60 years 0 0 6% 9,364

Question #5
Have you ever lived in an area that experienced the direct hit of a major hurricane?

Zone 1 Zone 2
% of No. of % of No. of
Glynn Co. Chatham Glynn Co. Chatham
Survey County Survey County
Respondents Residents Respondents Residents
a. Yes 5% 1,979 8% 12,485
b. No 92% 36,409 87% 138,898
c. Uncertain 3% 1,187 3% 4,682

ATTACHMENT 6

SHELTERS

The following shelters in Chatham County have been designated to be opened by the County Red Cross Chapter:

SHELTER NAME LOCATION ELEVATION CAPACITY SHELTER MANAGER /ALERNATE PHONE
1. Savannah High School 500 Washington Ave. 151� 2500 1. Mr. Joel Formby, Principal (h)354-0448
(o)238-5271
- 2. Mr. John Bunger, Custodian (h)925-9604
(o)238-5271
2. Shuman Middle School 415 Goebel Avenue 251� 610 1. Mr. Raleigh Bryant, Principal (h)352-3715
(o)233-0206
2. Mr. Willie Harris, Custodian (h)232-3213
(o)233-0206
Herty Elementary 1805 Skidaway Road 321� 532 1. Mrs. Sarah Minchew, Principal (h)354-4198
Back-up for Shuman (o)233-3424
Middle School 2. Mr. William Blount, Custodian (h)233-0274
(o)233-3424
3. Bartlett Middle School 207 Montgomery Cross- 16'� 841 1. Mr. Alexander Luten, Principal (h)354-5829
roads (o)927-3411
2. Mr. Willie Baker, Custodian (h)236-4694
(o)927-3411
Hesse Elementary 9116 Whitfield Avenue 251� 800 1. Mrs. Nelle Herndon, Principal (h)354-7504
Back up for Bart- (o)355-2313
lett Middle School 2. Mr. Ezell Jones, Custodian (h)233-1033
(o)355-2313
4. White Bluff Elementary 9902 White Bluff Road 251� 900 1. Mrs. Mary F. Walsh, Principal (h)925-4596
School (o)927-1401
2. Mr. John Gasway, Custodian (h)234-0508
(o)�27-1401
5. Myers Middle School 2316 Brevard Circle 251� 1,110 1. Ms. Frances Wong, Principal (h)238-4179 >
(o)354-0221
2. Mr. David Stafford, Custodian (h)354-9443
(o)354-0221
M

SHELTER NAME LOCATION ELEVATION CAPACITY SHELTER MANAGER /ALERNATE PHONE

Savannah High School
Back up for Mayers
Middle School
6. Groves High School 100 Wheathill Road 201� 1,200 1. Mr. Frank Tison, Principal (o)964-6511
(h)925-0226
2. Mr. James Sherman, Custodian (o) 964-6511
(h)233-1659

7. Mercer Middle School 20111ommel Avenue 201� 986 1. Mrs. Virginia DeLoach, Principal (o)964-4338

2. Custodian (o)964-4082
(h)

8. Sprague Elementary 50 Byck Avenue 15'+- 600 1. Mr. Robert Priestley, Principal (o)964-5928
(h)964-4489
2. Mr. Morris Shell, Custodian (o)964-5928
(h) 964-6016

9. Gould Elementary 4910 Pineland Avenue 341-+ 784 1. Mrs. Manner Kellam, Principal (o)234-4275
Back up for (h)964-1339
Sprague Elem. 2. Mr. James Wright, Custodian (o)234-4275
(h)234-6140

ATTACHMENT 7

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TEAM LIST

Attachment 7

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TEAM

Department or Agency Name Phone Area of Responsibility

TEAM LEADER

Agriculture Extension
Agent

Engineer

Fire Department

Health Department

Police Department

Tax Assessor

Public Works

Architect /Engineer

Construction Company

Insurance Appraiser

Private Utilities

Other (Specify)

ATTACHMENT 8

HAZARD ASSESSMENT

ATTACHMENT 8

@Hazard Assessment

In order for coastal communities to realistically prepare for hurricane response,
it is necessary to assess the potential danger associated with such a coastal
storm. It is then possible to plan for the types of response activities that
will be required of local government as well as the general public.

Coastal Georgians do not have to speculate about the effects of a major storm.
In 1898 a hurricane mdde landfall in the Savannah area. As a result, most
of the barrier islands were inundated,and flood waters were 6 feet deep in
the streets of Brunswick. That storm was estimated to have been a Category
3 hurricane.

Figure 1 shows the tracks of 25 storms which have affected coastal Georgia
between 1870 and 1980. Table 1 shows the dates, windspeed and barometric
pressure of those storms. Windspeeds do not reflect maximum strength a
storm may have reached, but windspeed at the time the storm began to in-
fluence the coast of Florida, Georgia or South Carolina.

It has been said that the probability of a tropical storm actually striking the
Georgia coast is decreased by the curvature of the coastline. While it appears
that the majority of landfalling storms have occurred near Savannah (the seaward
protrusion of the northern coastline curve), significant storms have also made
landfall in other portions of the coast. Neither the National Weather Service
nor the National Hurricane Center offers scientific support that Georgia's
coastline curvature decreases. the risk of hurricane occurrence.

Storm Hazard Analysis

The coastal area of Georgia is susceptible to the ravages of tropical storms
known as "hurricanes". These storms bring with them damage from wind and
water. We understand the damage caused by winds because of the sustained
winds of the hurricane and the tornadoes spawned by the storm. We also
understand the damages by water due to the flooding caused by heavy rains
associated with the storm. However, in coastal regions there is another factor
of water damage that we must contend with -- coastal flooding due to tidal surge
generated by the storm and the initial wave action caused by the surge striking
the shore.

There is a point in time when state or local authorities must order the evacu-
ation of low lying coastal areas to allow all vulnerable residents to get to
safe shelter before the hazards of the hurricane arrive. This point in time
relative to hurricane landfall has been an unknown, yet a very critical link
in preparing for a hurricane. The period of time in question lies between the
arrival of the damaging forces and the point in time when an evacuation order
must be issued to safely complete the evacuation.

Since 1950, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) has significantly improved
its ability to forecast and warn the public of approaching hurricanes through
the use of computers, satellites and other forms of technology. However,
over the past five years, the NHC has reached a plateau in forecasting and
warning capabilities. Based upon present estimates of probable future
technological advances, NHC does not foresee better hurricane forecasting
in the near future.1 This means that the amount of official evacuation lead
time that can be provided to local areas by NHC, based on a high degree of
specific landfall probability, is not expected to increase in the foreseeable
future.

Because it is still mostly rural in nature and because the urban areas are
not very densely populated, the vulnerable areas of coastal Georgia can
still be evacuated within the 12 daylight hours that the NHC strives to pro-
vide. Continued population growth in hurricane-vulnerable areas will naturally
require longer evacuation times.

Longer evacuation times mean that evacuation orders must be issued much
earlier in relation to hurricane landfall. Hurricanes often travel on irregular
paths toward landfall. Consequently, the earlier the evacuation order is
issued, the more the probability that the storm will turn and miss the originally
forecasted point after that area's evacuation has taken place. Hence, an
ultimately unnecessary evacuation will have taken place and the response agency
will be accused of "crying wolf." However, because of the large amount of
people now living in hurricane-vulnerable areas, the "crying wolf" situation
is one that must now be accepted as a necessary precaution for areas of
intensive coastal residential development.

History of Hurricane Activity
Technically, the duration of the Atlantic hurricane season is defined as 1 June
through 30 November. The majority of the hurricanes affecting the Georgia
coast have occurred during August, September, and October.

Table 2 gives a brief summary of the effects of hurricane activity along the
Georgia Coast.

lRichard A. Frank, Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini-
stration, "Living with Coastal Storms: Seeking an Accommodation", Keynote
Address Presented to the National Hurricane Conference, May 29-31, 1979,
Orlando, Florida.

TABLE

STORMS AFFECTING COASTAL GEORGIA

1870 - 1980

DATE OF BAROMETER
TRACK NO. NAME COASTAL INFLUENCE WIND SPEED PRESSURE

I David 4 Sep 79 085 0970
2 Abby 6 Jun 68 050 0997
3 Alma 70 Jun 66 045

4 Cleo 29 Aug 64 045 0999
5 Dora 10 Sep 64 100 0964

6 Donna 11 Auci 60 090 0970

7 Gracie 29 Sep 59 120 0950
8 Able 30 Aug 52 085

9 No name 15 Oct 47 075 0973

10 No name 17 Sep 45 050 099D

11 No name 19 Oct 44 060 0979

12 No name 11 Aug 40 065 0975
13 No name 17- 18 Sep 28 075 0974
14 No name 16 AUg 24 040
15 No name 28 Aug 11 055 0983
16 No name 30 Aug - I Sep 1898 085
17 No name 2 Oct 1898 085

18 No name 29 Sep 1896 080
19 No name 27 Sep 1894 070
20 No name 27-28 Aug 1893 095
21 No name 15-16 Jun 1893 055
22 No name 10-11 Oct 1888 075
23 No name 10-11 Oct 1888 075
24 No name 27 ALIg 1881
25 No name 24 Aug 1871

Data not available

Source: National Hurricane Center

Figure 1

st 0

av a 9

2
18 5
14

21 Bru i k.

GA. 7

FLA.

17'

c son ill

3d'

16
6. 0. 5 25 8 -24
13 1 I-Q 19, 2

TABLE 2

Summary of
HURRICANE ACTIVITY AFFECTING GEORGIA COAST

1881 - August 21-29. Brunswick escaped damage, but Savannah was hard
hit and damage was heavy on Tybee and other coastal islands near
Savannah. Winds were estimated at 80 mph after measuring instru-
ment blew away; barometer went to 29.08 inches and remained at
that reading for 20 minutes. Damage throughout the city was
extremely heavy and over 300 lives were lost, and nearly 100
vessels wrecked on the coast. (Carter)

700 lives were lost (Sugg, Pardue and Carrodus, 1971)

1893 - August 22-30. "Great hurricane" hit Georgia and South Carolina.
Huge smashing hurricane waves washed over islands and houses
and beaches crowded with vacationing people. A thousand lives were
lost; corpses were found in the mud of rice fields. Whole families
were killed. Damage to property was estimated up to 10 million dollars.
City of Charleston was a wreck. (Douglas)

Wind hit 72 mph and barometer reached low of 28. 31 inches. Nearly
all buildings on Tybee were damaged and the railroad to the island
was destroyed. (Carter)

"News reached the city from Harris Neck on Thursday that Noda
Spaulding, his son and three other colored men, had been missing
since Sunday's storm and it was thought they were capsized and
drowned while on their way from Sapelo to their home or Bruro River
in a small sail boat. The boat was found several days ago on Creighton
Island badly wrecked. It is generally believed that all five occupants
of the boat went down during the storm as nothing has been heard from
any of them since." (The Darien Gazette, Vol. 20, No. 19, Sept. 2, 1893)

"The great storm damaged the rice crop of Georgia and South Carolina
50 percent or more. The loss will amount to hundreds of thousands of
dollars. This ought to make what is left of the crop sell at a good figure."
(The Darien Ga Zette, Vol. 20, No. 20, Sept. 9, 1893)

1896 - October 2-3. This was an unusual storm in that it was brief but violent.
It maintained its force far inland. Winds of 75 mph were reported in
Savannah and damage was heavy all along the coast.

1898 - August 30 - September 1. The first of two hurricanes to hit the Georgia
coast in little more than a month did most of its damage in the Savannah
area. Winds there were recorded at 72 mph and were estimated at 100 mph
at Tybee Island. Literally hundreds of buildings were wrecked, roads
and railroads were impassable, and the rice crop was nearly a total loss.

1898 - September 25 - October 6. Brunswick was battered for 18 hours as the
storm approached. Storm tides of about 8 feet inundated Brunswick.
Water heights were reported in an 1898 issue of the Monthly Weather Review

at 13 feet above the mean high water mark at Darien and 18 feet at
the Sapelo Island lighthouse. An estimated 200 lives were lost.
Property damage was reported at $1,000,000 for Brunswick, Darien
and the surrounding area. Trees, fences, and houses were down
as far as 70 miles inland. The rice crop that survived the preceding
storm was totally lost.

1911 - August 23-30. The highest winds of record in Georgia were experienced
in this storm at 88 mph. Record rainfall was recorded at 18 inches in
17 hours in southern Chariton County. Damage was light.

1928 - September 17. This is the only storm on record to have crossed the
McIntosh County coast. The storm's track crossed Florida and moved
out to sea through McIntosh County. Damage in Georgia was light.

1940 - August 5-15. Winds of 73 mph were recorded in Savannah but wind
damage resulted as far inland as Dublin.

1944 - October 12-23. This storm brought unusually high and destructive
tides with winds of less than hurricane intensity (gale force). In
Brunswick a shipyard was wrecked, timber stands were down through-
out the coast and roofs were removed from buildings.

1947 - October 9-16. A sustained windspeed of 77 mph with gusts to 95 mph
were recorded in Savannah during this storm. Losses were heavy in
the Savannah area and total losses in the coast area were estimated at
$2,000,000.

Winds at Savannah Beach were estimated at 100 mph and pressure
dropped to 28.77 inches. More than 1,500 buildings were damged;
total coastal area damage exceeded $2,000,000. (Carter)

1949 - August 27-28. Hurricane force winds struck along coast; rainfall
was heavy, exceeding 5 inches in 24 hours. Damage was estimated
at $750,000. (Carter)

1950 - September 6-7. Storm caused considerable damage along coast;
extremely heavy rainfall in Brunswick 9.22 inches in 24 hours. (Carter)

1950 - October 18-19. Heavy losses along coast occurred where high tides
severely battered and undermined some properties. One drowning
occurred in heavy seas near Brunswick. Crops as far inland as 100
miles were greatly damaged by torrential rains. (Carter)

1954 - October 5-18. HAZEL. "The mass evacution... saved thousands of
lives. The problem, on those endless island beaches north from
Georgia, is that they are connected with the mainland by bridges or
causeways only at long intervals. To escape, people must ride for
miles along roads paralell to the sea already storming up the sands.
The heavy rains fill the roads. The rising winds fret and worry at
exposed cars, even on the bridges. People were forced to abandon
their cars in sand flowing like water, were exposed to sand-blast,

rain-blast, wind blast. 11 (Douglas)

1959 - September 29. GRACIE. Damage of $500,000 resulted from
winds; electric and telephone lines were downed causing two
deaths and injuries from contact with wires. (Carter)

1960 - August 29-September 13. DONNA. Hit Florida and after turning
back to Atlantic Ocean headed north to pummel the coasts of Georgia
and South Carolina, plunging ashore at Cape Fear, N.C. (Helm)

1964 - Auaust 28-29. CLEO. Generally heavv rain and winds caused
$300,000 damages. Flood waters caused evacuation of low Ivina
homes in Savannah and Auausta. Once man was drowned near
Brunswick while trying to secure his boat. (Carter)

1964 - September 9-12. DORA. Ninety mph winds and torrential rains
and high tides caused heavy beach erosion including undermining
and washing away of beach property. Hundreds of trees blew down
damaging houses, autos, and utility lines, interrupting service to
100 percent in several areas. Damages were estimated at $8,000,000.
(Carter)

Former dairy barn on Butler Island was under water. Winds were
very destructive, blowing down many trees and power lines damaging
many homes. Pine Harbor and Belleville were hard hit. Darien was
without lights and water for several days. A small aircraft crashed
near Darien airport, killing the pilot, during return trip to Darien
and wind gusts and heavy rain. (The Darien News. Vol. 14, No. 17,
Sept. 17, 1964)

1966 - June 4-14. ALMA. After hitting west coast of Florida went into Gulf,
then turned and hit Florida Panhandle, continued northeast and
gradually faded as it crossed land and moved out into the Atlantic
near Savannah.

1968 - June 6-7. ABBY. Gale force winds and heavy rains hit coastal area.
Utility lines were down and minor flooding occurred. (Carter)

1979 - September 4. DAVID. Hurricane David was a storm of minimal
intensitv (74 moh). Damaae was liaht in the coastal area partially
due to the rapid forward movement of the storm. The greatest
damage was incurred at Savannah and in coastal Liberty County as
the storm made landfall in Bryan County. Damage incurred at Colonel's
Island in Liberty County was attributed to a tornado spawned by the
storm as well as a change in the direction which caused water to back
up in St. Catherine's sound.

ATTACHMENT 9

EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION

PRE-EMERGENCY INFORMATION

EMERGENCY INFORMATION

PRE-EMERGENCY

INFORMATION

ATTACHMENT 9

HURRICANE SURVIVAL

Family Action Guidelines

Hurricanes and Tropical Storms originate in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of
Mexico and Caribbean Sea. On an average, hurricanes are large, power-
ful storms that have a counterclockwise wind and cloud circulation of
74 MPH or greater. The more intense hurricanes may have gusts up to
200 MPH or more.

Georgia, with a coastline of 112 miles, is very susceptible to hurricanes.
Nearly 350, 000 residents live on or near our coast, and many of them have
never experienced the forces of a hurricane or tropical storm. It is
imperative that you and your family establish an emergency plan and
review it periodically, considering that you may have to alter it due to
changing conditions.

The following information can act as a checklist in making your plans. Know
the meaning of terms used by the National Weather Service. Then consider
what to do when a "Hurricane Watch" or "Hurricane Warning" is given, what
to do before and during the hurricane and what action to take after the all
clear is given. Special instructions are included if it is necessary for you
to evacuate to an emergency shelter and for those who live in and are re-
sponsible for mobile homes and high-rise apartment buildings.

PRE-EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

KNOW THESE TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

USED BY THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE:

Tropical Disturbance@ --------------------- A moving area of thunderstorms in
the tropics.

Tropical Depression ----------------------- An area of low pressure, rotary
circulation of clouds and winds to
38 MPH.

Tropical Storm ---------------------------- Counterclockwise circulation of clouds
and winds 39 MPH - 73 MPH. The
storm is given a name.

Hurricane -------------------------------- When a tropical storm reaches winds
of 74 MPH or more it is classified as
a hurricane.

Advisory --------------------------------- A method for disseminating hurricane
and storm data to the public every 6
hours. Small craft warnings are
released as necessary.

Special Advisory ------------------------- Warning given anytime there is a
significant change in weather con-
ditions or change in warnings.

Intermediate Advisory ------------------- A method of updating regular
advisory information every 2 to 3
hours as necessary.

Gale Warning ----------------------------- Wind speed of 39-54 MPH expected.

Storm Warning ---------------------------- Wind speed of 55-73 MPH expected.

Hurricane Watch --------------------------- A hurricane may threaten your area
within 36 hours.

Hurricane Warning ----------------------- A hurricane is expected to strike
your area within 24 hours or less.

Tornado Watchr --------------------------- Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms
are possible in your area.

Tornado Warning ------------------------ Tornado detected in your area, TAKE
SHELTER!

Storm Surge ------------------------------ The strong winds associated with
hurricanes and tropical storms cause
the sea level to rise above normal tidal
heights, with giant wind-driven waves
and unpredictable currents, sometimes
covering 50 miles.

PRE-EMERO&ENCY
INFORMATION

A hurricane's strength is described by five categories. This is called the
SAFFIR-SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE:

CATEGORY ONE: Winds of 74 to 95 miles per hour. Damage primarily to
shrubbery, tree foliage and unanchored mobile homes. No real damage to
other structures. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. And/or:
storm surge 4 to 5 feet above normal. Low lying coastal roads inundated,
minor pier damage, some small craft in exposed anchorage torn from moorings.

CATEGORY TWO: Winds of 96 to 110 miles per hour. Considerable damage
to shrubbery an tree foliage. Some trees blown down. Major damage to
exposed mobile homes. Extensive damage to poorly constructed signs. Some
damage to roofing material of buildings. And/or: storm surge of 6 to 8 feet
above normal. Coastal roads and low lying escape routes inland cut by rising
water 2 to 4 hours before arrival of hurricane center. Considerable damage
to piers. Marinas flooded. Small craft in unprotected anchorages torn from
moorings. Evacuation of some shoreline residences and low-lying areas re-
quired.

CATEGORY THREE: Winds of 111 to 130 miles per hour. Foliage torn from
trees, large trees blown down. Practically all poorly constructed signs blown
down. Some damage to roofing materials of buildings; some window and door
damage. Some structural damage to small buildings. Mobile homes destroyed.
And/or: storm surge 9-12 feet above normal. Serious flooding at coast and
many smaller structures near coast destroyed. Larger structures near coast
damaged by batterin@g wave-s-and-floa -ting debris. Low-lying escape routes
inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Flat
terrain 5 feet or less above sea level flooded inland 8 miles or more. Evacuation
of low lying residences within several blocks of shoreline possibly required.

CATEGORY FOUR: Winds of 131 to 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees
blown down, all signs down. Extensive damage to roofing materials, windows
and doors. Complete failure of roofs on many small residences. Complete
destruction of mobile homes. Andlor: storm surge 13 to 18 feet above normal.
Flat terrain 10 feet or less above sea-level flooded inland as far as 6 miles.
Major damage to lower floors of structures near shore due to flooding and
battering of waves and floating debris. Low-lying escape routes inland cut
by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane center arrives. Major erosion
of beaches. Massive evacuation of all residences within 500 yards of shore
possibly required, and of single-story residences on low ground within 2
miles of shore.

CATEGORY FIVE: Winds greater than 155 miles per hour. Shrubs and trees
blown down. considerable damage to roofs of buildings; all signs down. Very
severe and extensive damage to windows and doors. Complete failure to roofs
of many residences and industrial buildings. Extensive shattering of glass
in windows and doors. Some complete building. failures. Small buildings over-
turned or blown away. Complete destruction of mobile homes. And/or: storm
surge greater than 18 feet above normal. Major damage to lower floors of all
structures less than 15 feet above sea level within 500 yards of shore. Low
lying escape routes inland cut by rising water 3 to 5 hours before hurricane
center arrives. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within
5 to 10 miles of shore possibily required.

PRE-EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

AT THE BEGINNING OF HURRICANE SEASON (JUNE)

� Learn the storm surge history and elevation of your area

� Learn safe routes inland

� Determine where you will go if evacuation becomes necessary

� Determine where you will move your boat in an emergency

� Trim back dead wood from trees

� Check for loose rain gutters and down spouts

� If shutters do not protect windows, stock plywood, pressboard and
masking tape

� Take an inventory of your personal property for insurance purposes and
store it in a waterproof place

� Review your insurance policies, and take advantage of flood insurance,
making sure that you are covered both for wind and water damage

� Prepare a disaster kit. Include emergency lighting and make sure you have
a good portable radio with fresh batteries

� Purchase a can of lime to sterilize garbage and refuse before the hurricane
strikes

� Keep family car in good repair

PRE-EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

DISASTER DIET

SHOPPING LIST FOR THREE DAYS MENUS

Most of the canned food items listed are available in the common one-pound
size can. Although many can labels consider a one-half cup portion as one
serving, homemakers can better judge the number of servings per can by
their family's appetites.

Basic Shopping List

1 box of 12 one-quart whole dry milk envelopes or
10 one-quart nonfat dry milk envelopes
2 pound package of assorted cream-filled cookies
I pound package of enriched saltine crackers
1 pound package of graham (whole wheat) crackers
3 boxes enriched dry cereals
6 1-pound cans vegetables
3 1-pound cans fruit
9-12 packages of instant pudding
Economy is the other major consideration in choosing foods for Disaster Diet
Kits. The following food lists include available low-cost non-perishable and
nutritional food items.

Non-Perishable Main Dish Items/Canned Food

Beef chili with beans
Chicken a la king
Chicken and dumplings
Chicken Stew
Codfish cakes
Corned beef
Ham loaf
Macaroni and Cheese
Porkand Beans
Pork luncheon loaf
Refried beans
Tuna

Vegetables /Canned Food

Beans, all types
Black-eyed peas
Carrots
Corn
Green Peas
Hominy
Mixed vegetables
Mustard greens
Okra with tomatoes
Spinach

PRE-EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

Vegetables (cont'd)

Sweet potatoes, yams
Turnip greens
Zucchini

Fruits and Juices/Canned

Apricots
Peaches
Prunes
Fruit Juices

Dehydrated Foods*

instant breakfasts
Instant chocolate drink powder
Instant puddings
Nonfat dry milk powder
Whole dry milk powder

Ready-to-eat Foods

Bottled hot sauce
Bottled, sealed salad dressing
Catsup
Corn Chips
Cookies made from enriched flours
Dry Cereals
Enriched saltine crackers
Evaporated milk
Graham (whole wheat) crackers
Mustard
Packaged taco shells
Peanut Butter
Preserves
Raisins
Salt, pepper
Sealed tartar sauce
Spanish peanuts
Sugar, honey
Vinegar
Whole wheat or enriched snack crackers
Worcestershire sauce
*Requiring only the addition of water or some form of reconsituted milk.

Disaster Kit

A disaster kit should include the following non-food items stored in a plastic

PRE-EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

dishpan for emergency use:

Eating and cooking utensils
Manual can opener
Napkins and towels
Soap
Flashlight and batteries
Dishcloth
Matches in a watertight container
Candies

Also, plan for water ( 1 quart per person per day for drinking)
Sanitary needs (diapers, etc.)
Medications (prescriptions)
Transister radio and batteries
Bedding
Clothing
Portable ice chest

EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS THAT CAN HELP YOU

Call only in case of an emergency!

CIVIL DEFENSE

AMERICAN RED CROSS

LOCAL POLICE

HIGHWAY PATROL

COUNTY SHERIFF

EMERGENCY RESCUE

FAMILY DOCTOR

GAS OR FUEL COMPANY

ELECTRIC COMPANY

WATER COMPANY

HOSPITAL

BLOOD BANK

For general information tune to WJCL 96.5 FM.

Prepared in cooperation with:
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Weather Service
National Ocean Survey
Coastal Hazards Program
AMERICAN RED CROSS
GEORGIA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
COASTAL AREA PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
FLORIDA MARINE ADVISORY PROGRAM

CHATHAM COUNTY CIVIL DEFENSE

EMERGENCY INFORMATION

BEFORE A HURRICANE

"HURRICANE WATCH"

(What to do when a Hurricane may threaten your area within 36 hours)

0 Check often for official bulletins on radio station WJCL (96.5 FM)

0 Keep a full tank of fuel in your car or boat and check your battery

0 Check mobile home tie-downs

0 Moor small craft or move to safe shelter

0 Stock up on canned provisions and non-perishable foods.

0 Check supplies of special medicines and drugs

0 Check batteries for radio and flashlights and your supply of candies
or lantern fuel

0 Secure furniture and other loose materials outdoors. Small boat trailers
should be tied down securely with the boats lashed to them and filled
with water

0 Put together a portable disaster survival kit if you haven't done so
already

0 Obtain adequate supply of special or prescription medicines, baby food,
diapers, and sanitary needs

0 Stock up on non-perishable foodstuffs

0 Locate the main turnoffs for electricity, water and gas

0 Package your valuables such as jewelry, titles, deeds, insurance papers,
licenses, stocks, bonds, inventory, etc., for safe keeping in waterproof
containers. Consider a safe deposit box.

0 Check your storm shutters or other protection materials for windows
and doors, such as plywood, pressboard and masking tape

0 Remove any tree limbs near electrical wires and your home. "BE CAREFUL".
0 Check with the Humane Society to arrange for safeguarding your pets and
animals. They will not be allowed in public shelters.

0 If you live alone or need assistance in evacuating, arrange to travel with
friends or call your local Civil Defense or Police.

EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

"HURRICANE WARNING"

(What to do when a Hurricane is expected to strike your area
within 24 hours or less)

Stav tuned to radio and television for official announcements
on radio station WJCL (96.5 FM)
If you are on high ground and your home is sturdy, and evacuation
of your area has not been recommended:
-board up windows and wedge sliding glass doors
-draw all drapes and blinds to stop flying glass
-bring pets inside
-turn refrigerator and freezer to their coldest setting (store
plastic bottles of water and newspapers in the vacant areas
of your freezer, cover your freezer with blankets) . Open
only when necessary.
-sterilize containers, and fill containers, bathtub and washing
machine with water. You should have one quart of water per
person, per day, for drinking.
-double check your Portable Disaster Kit
-lower television antenna and store it in a safe place
-use phone only for emergencies

Leave mobile homes

Leave low-lying areas which may be affected by the storm when you are
officially advised to evacuate-
-local authorities will officially advise by television and radio when
specific areas should be evacuated and which American Red Cross
Shelters will be opened and staffed.
-Act immediately - in daylight, if possible. Do not get marooned.
-store perishables - take reasonable amounts of non-perishable
foodstuffs with you.
-turn off main switch for utilities (consider that you may want some
utilities left on as long as possible for refrigeration, etc.)
-lock your home securely
-travel with care, leave early, and follow recommended routes.
-stay away from low lying areas. Avoid obstructions, wires and
trees. Keep listening to the radio.
-carry your transistor radio, flashlight and valuables with you.
-pack medicines, baby foods, diapers and personal hygiene re-
quirements and bring them with you.
-bring bedding you feel is necessary. None will be immediately
available in shelters.
-if you expect to be gone for some time you may want to bring a
change of clothing.
-if you suffer from more than minor medical problems or are pregnant,
perhaps you should check with the hospital.

EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

AFTER THE "ALL CLEAR" IS GIVEN

0 Leave your shelter only after being officially released.

� Stay away from the disaster area unless you live or work there. Don't
sight-see. DRIVE CAREFULLY.

� Advise interested friends and relatives that you are safe. It may be
impossible for them to contact you.

� If you arrived at a public shelter on a public bus, return transportation
will be provided.

� If your home was damaged, enter with extreme care.

� Avoid downed wires, escaping gas, downed trees, structurally damaged
buildings, etc.

� Check all utility systems to be sure they are safe before turning them
back on.

� Check to insure that your water is safe.

� Check for the possibility of food spoilage. Bury spoiled items.

� High water can drive snakes, animals and insects to high ground.
Expect them and be prepared to protect yourself.

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

In addition to following the instructions listed, residents of mobile homes,
residents of high-rise apartments and those responsible for high-rise
apartment buldings and boat owners should follow the instructions below.

Residents in Mobile Homes

� Mobile homes are particularly vulnerable to winds of hurricane force.
Prepare to leave.

� Secure all outdoor objects. Tie them down or bring them inside.

� Secure all awnings over doors and windows. Tape or board windows
and doors.

� Be sure that your home's tiedown system meets local and/or state laws.
Contact your county or city building inspector for information.

EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

When the "Hurricane Warning" is given, go to a secure shelter.
Do not stay in your mobile home during a hurricane. Your local
Civil Defense will advise you which shelters are to be opened.

Residents in High-Rise Apartments

0 If you have a floor captain, know him or her, and listen to their
suggestions.

0 Be familiar with the location of all exit stairways. Count how many
steps there are from your door to the exit door in case the lights
are out in the hall.

� Do not use the elevator, it will be used for disabled residents.

� Predetermine a location outside the building for members of your
family to meet if asked to evacuate.

� Rehearse your evacuat ion plan. It may save your lives during
threat of a hurricane.

� Take all loose items from your terrace or patio. They can cause damage.

� Close and lock all windows, sliding glass doors and shutters. If you
do not have shutters, tape the glass in an I'X" fashion with cloth-backed
tape. Glass that is coated with a plastic sunscreen is already somewhat
protected.

Board of Directors and Managers of High-Rise Buildings

Retain a reputable engineering firm to inspect the building and foundation
to determine if the building can withstand the erosion and battering of water,
wind and waves that a hurricane brings. If the foundation is safe and the
building is sound, then the residents can consider staying unless the local
officials recommend evacuation. If the safety of the building is in doubt,
then all occupants must plan on going to a shelter. If your building is
structurally sound it may be used for vertical evacuation.

Organize a group of responsible residents to develop a plan that will:

0 provide for monitoring the hurricane's course by use of the information
from Weather and local officials.

0 secure grounds by setting up guidelines for the safety of cars and boats.

0 provide for emergency power that will function in case the storm surge
floods the buildings.

0 make certain that elevators are not operated during the storm.

0 locate a safe area for the occupants to congretate, encouraging them
to stay away from windows and to wedge patio doors to prevent the
vibration from ripping them loose.

EMERGENCY
INFORMATION

consider a provision for sheltering other people who are in the area
and might be trapped when the evacuation routes are closed by the
effects of the approaching hurricane.

provide each floor with a floor captain or captains who have been
educated in hurricane preparedness and evacuation procedures and
are able to instruct the occupants of their floor on what to do in the
event of a hurricane.

IrAMA50ro
ID

I Y4V*

lose OA) r- 2

vallso
J-114MAJAMAJ
IALAMP
0 WIAW.

IA44,UAP

ZoOAlr- j

4HA7-h',4Af eLWA17Y
11,e1Z&44A1,C- r-MeZIATIOAl MKO

0!@,4AAAW
14L4A49

CHATHAM COUNTY

Zone Area Route & Destination

1 Tybee Island, Wilmington Island, Most direct route to U.S.
Thunderbolt, Skidaway Island, Highway 80 to Statesboro.
Isle of Hope, Vernonburg,
Montgomery, Burroughs, Savannah
(areas east of Wheaton and Skidaway
Road) Ossabaw Island

2 Remainder of Savannah, Port Most direct route to 1-16 West
Wentworth, Garden City, to Claxton, Lyons, Swainsboro,
Windsor Forest McRae and Dublin (law enforce-
ment officers will direct you to
the appropriate city).

3 Chatham County area west of Most direct route to 1-16 west
1-95 including Pooler and of Dublin.
Bloomingdale

vk-"

7
f

immuiillil@@m I
,- 1- 3 6668 00000 6330
7-