    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                     COASTAL ZONE

                                9,NMRMATION CENTER

                    HV
                    635.5
                    H873
                    1984

                        Prepared by the WOTHLACDOCHEE REMMAL PLANNING COUNCOL

                                   HURRICANE EVACUATION

                                  DECISION MAKING GUIDE:

                                         LEVY COUNTY

                                       Prepared by the

                           Withlacoochee Regional Planning Council

                                        July, 1984

                       The preparation of this report was primarily sponsored
                       by a grant from the U. S. office of Coastal Management,
                       National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
                       the Florida Office of Coastal Management, Department
                       of Environmental Regulation through the Coastal Zone
                       Management Act of 1972, as amended. Supplemental
                       funding was provided by the Florida Department of
                       Community Affairs.

                           WITHLACOOCHEE REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL

                                      BOARD OF DIRECTORS

                                         Citrus County

                                    Wilbur H. Langley, Sr.
                                       N.R."Nick" Bryant
                                     **S.H. "Sid" Kennedy*
                                      ***Cha rles A. Black

                                        Hernando County

                                    *Frank Fish, Secretary
                                       ***Ralph Shepard
                                      **Charles P. Fagan
                                      Henry D. Ledbetter

                                          Levy County

                                     **W.S. "Sammy" Cason
                                         J.L. Townsend
                               ***Kathryn P. Harris, Chairwoman*

                                         Marion County

                                          Roy Abshier
                                        Bruce Bartlett
                                     **Marianthe Coppedge
                                   ***Robert A. Schwalb, Jr.
                                   ***Nicholas Mansito, Jr.
                                ***Eugene A. Poole, Vice-Chrm.

                                         City of Ocala

                                      *Sally Ann Knope**

                                         Sumter County

                                        **G.H. Tompkins
                                       *W. Tom Blackmon
                                     ***Eunice M. Neville

                                     *Executive Committee
                                  "Municipal Representative
                                    ***Governor Appointees

                                        TABLE OF CONTENTS

                   CHAPTER                                                 PAGE

                              INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1

                       I      QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE  . . . . . . . . . . .    2

                      II      EXTENT OF EVACUATION . . . . . . . . . . . .    5

                     III      PUBLIC SHELTER CAPACITY  . . . . . . . . . .  18

                      IV      EVACUATION TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23

                       V      WARNING INFORMATION  . . . . . . . . . . . .  31

                      vi      REGIONAL COORDINATIVE MECHANISM   . . . . . . 34

                     VII      LOCAL COORDINATIVE MECHANISM . . . . . . ...  41

                                         LIST OF TABLES

                   TABLE                                                      PAGE

                     1     Hurricanes Generated by SPLASH . . . . . . . . . .    7

                     2     Vulnerability Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

                     3     Levy County Evacuating Population  At Risk  and
                             Evacuation Vehicles  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

                     4     Levy County Evacuating Population  At Risk  and
                             Evacuation Vehicles  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17

                     5     Levy County Primary Shelter Capacity  . . . . . . . 19

                     6     Levy County Secondary Shelter Capacity  . . . . . . 20

                     7     Net Shelter Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21

                     8     Gale Force Wind Analysis and Shelter Duration
                             Period by Storm Type and Intensity  . . . . . . . 24

                     9     Evacuation Times - Vulnerability Level 'A'. . . . 25

                     10    Evacuation.Times - Vulnerability Level IBI . . . . 26

                     11    Sensitivity Analysis of Pre-Landfall Hazard
                             Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   29

                                         LIST OF FIGURES

                   FIGURE                                                     PAGE

                     1     Hypothetical Hurricane Tracks  . . . . . . . . . .     6

                                         LIST OF MAPS

                   MAP.                                                     PAGE

                    1 EVACUATION ZONES - LEVY COUNTY   . . . . . . . . . .   11

                    2 EVACUATION NETWORK - LEVY COUNTY   . . . . . . . . .   15

                                      LIST OF APPENDICES

                  APPENDIX                                                  PAGE

                     A       Levy County Evacuation Zone Boundaries  . . .  A@'l

                     B       Levy County Assigned Link Volumes and V/C
                               R@@ios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

                     C       Legal Authority to Issue an Evacuation
                               Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  C-rl

                                               iv

                                       INTRODUCTION

                      As part of the Withlacoochee Hurricane Evacuation Plan,
                 decision-making guides are to be furnished to each county
                 in the region and the Florida Bureau of Emergency Management
                 for use as a ready reference tool by decision-makers during
                 the approach of the storm. The purpose of the guide is to
                 provide information to assist local and state civil defense
                 officials and other emergency management organizations to
                 implement the critical actions necessary to prepare for, and
                 respond to, a hurricane threat.

                      Basically, the guides consist of two parts. The first
                 part is largely an excerpt from the technical data report pre-
                 pared for the coastal counties of the region. This excerpt
                 provides information on the expected number of evacuees,
                 needed sheltering and evacuation times according to the fore-
                 casted intensity of the hurricane.

                      The second part is concerned with the coordination of
                 the evacuation. This includes information on the roles and
                 responsibilities of agencies involved in the issuance of the
                 evacuation order and the management of the evacuation. The
                 chapter on local coordination is largely excerpted from the
                 Hurricane Amex of the Local Peacetime Emergency Plans in
                 each county. The chapter on regional coordination is excerpted
                 from the technical data report.

                      In addition, the coordination section includes a dis-
                 cussion of the implications of the findings of the technical
                 data report on local evacuation decision-making.

                      Also, a quick reference guide is included which presents
                 information on the expected number of evacuees and recommended
                 evacuation order times according to several evacuation
                 scenarios.

                                          CHAPTER I

                                    QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

                       The purpose of this chapter is to provide local decision-
                  makers with a quick reference guide as to the number of per-
                  sons vulnerable to hurricane hazards in Levy County and
                  the recommended evacuation order times according to the
                  forecasted intensity of the hurricane.

                       The population-at-risk and recommended evacuation order
                  times are presented according to designated level of v ulner-
                  ability. These levels of vulnerability are based on the
                  forecasted hurricane intensity.

                       It should be noted that the remaining chapters in this
                  document should be read prior to consulting this quick
                  reference guide in order to gain familiarity with how these
                  numbers were calculated.

                                  Vulnerability Level 'All"

                  Population-At-Risk

                       Surge-vulnerable residents: 4,714
                       Mobile-home residents: 7,363
                       Total: 12,077

                       Number requiring public shelter: 3,696

                       l/ See Map 1 and table 2 for definition of vulnerability
                  levels.

                                              2

                 Recommended Evacuation Order Times  2/

                                                             3/
                 Storm Type                  Storm Intensity        Evacuation Time

                 Exiting                             1                   11.5 Hours
                 Exiting                             2                   12.5
                 Paralleling                         1                   11.5
                 Paralleling                         2                   12.5
                 Paralleling                         3                   14
                 Paralleling                         4                   15
                 Normal                              1                   12.5
                 Normal                              2                   13

                                   Vulnerability Level 'B'

                 Population-at-Risk

                      Surge-vulnerable residents: 7,493
                      Mobile-home residents: 6,426
                      Total: 13,919

                      Number requiring public shelter: 4,259

                 Recommended Evacuation order Times

                 Storm Type                 Storm Intensity         Evacuation Time

                 Normal                              3                      15 Hours
                 Normal                              4                      16
                 Normal                              5                      14

                            Vulnerability Level 'A'   w/Tampa Bay

                 Population-At-Risk

                      If there is a concurrent Withlacoochee and Tampa Bay
                 evacuation, population-at-risk figures increase as follows:

                      2/Chapter IV, Evacuation Times should be consulted for
                 possib e timing adjustments.
                      3@See table 1 and figure 1 for definition of storm
                 types and intensities.

                                               3

                      Total:  13,675

                      Number Requiring Public Shelter: 5,294

                 Recommended Evacuation order Times

                      Evacuation times do not change significantly if there
                 is a concurrent Tampa Bay and Withlacoochee evacuation.

                            Vulnerability Level 'B' w/Tampa Bay

                 Population-At-Risk

                      Total: 18,460

                      Number Requiring Public Shelter: 8,800

                 Recommended Evacuation order Times

                      Evacuation times do not change significantly if there
                 is a concurrent Tampa Bay and Withlacoochee evacuation.

                        Implications for Evacuation Decision-Making

                      Due to the long evacuation times required for certain
                 intensities of hurricanes, readiness conditions may have to
                 be accelerated (see Chapter VII, Local Coordinative Mechanism).
                 In addition, the amount of resources required to accommodate
                 the expected number of evacuees may have to be increased.

                                              4

                                         CHAPTER II

                                    EXTENT OF EVACUATION

                       The extent of the hurricane evacuation refers to the
                  identification of those persons vulnerable to hurricane
                  hazards in Levy County and the calculation of this vulner-
                  able population.

                           Identification of Vulnerable Population

                       There are primarily three hurricane hazards which
                  necessitate or affect the evacuation of Levy County: hurri-
                  cane forc'e winds, storm surge and rainfall.

                  Hurricane Force Winds

                       Hurricane force winds are defined as 74 mph or greater.
                  A computer program called SPLASH, developed by the National
                  Hurricane Center, was used to predict peak wind speeds
                  resulting from hurricanes. The results indicated that peak
                  wind speeds may vary from 84-174 mph, depending on storm
                  type and intensity. Figure 1 and table 1 display the types
                  and intensities of hurricanes used in the SPLASH program and
                  their resultant wind speeds.

                       Mobile homes are particularly vulnerable to hurricane
                  force winds because of their lightweight construction and
                  flat sides and ends. Although local regulations require that
                  mobile homes be anchored so as to withstand wind speeds in
                  excess of 70 to 100 mph. In addition, mobile homes are more
                  vulnerable to flying debris. As a result of this vulnerability
                  to hurricane force winds, the National Weather Service recom-
                  mends that all mobile home residents should evacuate in the
                  event of a hurricane.

                  Storm Surge

                       The storm surge is the rising wall of ocean water,
                  mainly produced by hurricane-force winds, which impacts upon
                  coastal fringe areas. The storm surge is by far the most
                  severe hurricane hazard. It causes 9 out of 10 hur---icane-
                  related deaths and possesses the greatest damage potential.
                  A comparison of figure 1 with table 1 indicates that, of the
                  hurricanes in the SPLASH model which produce the greatest
                  affect on Levy Countypeak surge heights are predicted to
                  range from 4 to 33 feet, depending on storm type and
                  intensity.

                                               5

                                                           9

                                                 -U0T4P0TJT4uGPT NDPa4 Oq A9X a0J T aTqpq gas*

                              .'j                                       s9TTuI 9*99 = tIOUT T      :GTPOS

                                                09MMON       *9T
                                                OVOSHUON     *ST      090SULXa     *OT    090sriuva    *S
                                                0 Z 0 SUd ON *tT      OVOSUIXa.    '6     ovosrldvd    *t
                                                OOOSHUON     *CT      OZOSUIXa     *8     OZOSrIdVd    *E
                                                OZOSrMON     'ZT      000SUIXa     *L     0 0 0 sydvcl *z
                                                OtWMON       *TT      0 z 0 SUM    19     OZOSUUVd     *T

                                                                    9T

                                                                    9T
                                                                    tT ET
                                                                        FT
                                                                          T

                                                                 ::7@3T
                                                                             6

                                                                                L

                                                                                  9

                                        *SXZ)Vdl  aNVDIH'dflH UVDIIaHlOd2@H

                                                      T allnDIa

                                                                           TABLE

                                                              HURRICANES GENERATED BY SPLASH

                                              Input Parameters                                                              Results

                                 Pressure           Storm           Radius Of               Direction             Peak Surge        Peak Wind
                                   Drop             Speed         Maximum.Winds         (degrees clockwise           Height           Speed
          Identification-       (millibars)        (m.p.h.)           (miles)               from North)              -(f t           (m.p.h.)

          NOR-01-LS040              30                15                20                      45                    9.6              86
          NOR-01-LS020              30                15                20                      45                   11.6              86
          NOR-01-RSOOO              30                15                20                      45                   11.6              86
          NOR-01-RS020              30                15                20                      45                    9.8              86
          NOR-01-RS040              30                15                20                      45                    8.7              86
          NOR-01-RS060              30                15                20                      45                    7.4              86

          NOR-02-LS040              40                15                20                      45                   13.0              99
          NOR-02-LS020              40                15                20                      45                   15.6              99
          NOR-02-RSOOO              40                15                20                      45                   16.0              99
          NOR-02-RS020              40                15                20                      45                   12.9              99
          NOR-02-RS040              40                15                20                      45                   11.8              99
          NOR-02-RS060              40                15                20                      45                   10.0              99

          NOR-03-LS040              60                15                20                      45                   19.6             121
          NOR-03-LS020              60                15                20                      45                   23.6             121
          NOR-03-RSOOO              60                15                20                      45                   24.2             121
          NOR-03-RS020              60                15                20                      45                   20.2             121
          NOR-03-RS040              60                15                20                      45                   17.9             121
          NOR-03-RS060              60                15                20                      45                   15.2             121

          NOR-04-LS040              80                15                20                      45                   26.4             140
          NOR-04-LS020              80                15                20                      45                   31.8             140
          NOR-04-RSOOO              80                15                20                      45                   32.6             140
          NOR-04-RS020              80                15                20                      45                   27.2              .141
          NOR-04-RS040              80                15                20                      45                   24.2             140
          NOR-04-RS060              80                15                20                      45                   20.5             140

                                                                       TABLE I (cont..)

                                                               HURRICANES GENERATED BY SPLASH

                                               Input Parameters                                                              Results

                                 Pressure            Storm          Radius Of                Direction             Peak Surge        Peak Wind
                                    Drop             Speed         Maximum Winds         (degrees clockwise           Height           Speed
          Identification         (millibars)        (m.p.h.)           (miles)               from North)              (ft.)            (m.p.h.)

          NOR-05-LS040              100                15                12                      45                   24.8               174
          NOR-05-LS020              100                15                12                      45                   26.0               172
          NOR-05-RSOOO              100                15                12                      45                   33.1               172
          NOR-05-RS020              100                15                12                      45                   29.2               174
          NOR-05-RS040              100                15                12                      45                   23.6               174
          NOR-05-RS060              100                15                12                      45                   21.4               174

          PAR-01-LS060               30                15                20                     120                    8.2                86
          .PAR-01-LS040              jo                15                20                     120                    8.3                86
          PAR-01-LS020               30                15                20                     120                    8.0                86
         co PAR-01-RSOOO             30                15                20                     120                    7.3                82
          PAR-01-RS020               30                15                20                     120                    5.2                73

          PAR-02-LS060               40                15                20                     120                   11.1                99
          PAR-02-LS040               40                15                20                     120                   11.2               100
          PAR-02-LS020               40                15                20                     120                   11.0                99
          PAR-02-RSOOO               40                15                20                     120                   10.1                95
          PAR-,02-RS020              40                15                20                     120                    7.3                86
          PAR-03-LS060               60                15                20                     120                   16.8               122
          PAR-03-LS040               60                .15               20                     120                   17.1               122
          PAR-03-LS020               60                15                20                     120                   15.7               122
          PAR-03-RSOOO               60                15                20                     120                   15.8               118
          PAR-03-RS020               60                15                20                     120                   11.5               108

          PAR-04-LS060               80                15                20                     120                   22.6               141

          EXT-01-LS015               30                15                20                     165                    5.2                84
          EXT-01-RSOOO               30                15                20                     165                    5.7                84
          EXT'01-RS015               30                15                20                     165                    4.0                86

                                                                 TABLE 1 (cont.)

                                                         HURRICANES GENERATED BY SPLASH
                                           Input Parameters                                                        -Results

                               Pressure          Storm         Radius Of              Direction            Peak Surge       Peak Wind
                                 Drop            Speed        Maximum Winds       (degrees clockwise         Height           Speed
          Identification      (millibars)       (m.p.h.)          (miles)             from North)            (ft.)           (m.p.h.)

          EXT-01-RS030            30               15               20                   165                  3.9               86
          EXT-01-RS045            30               15               20                   165                  3.6               86

          EXT-02-LS015            40               15               20                   165                  7.4               99
          EXT-02-RS00O            40               15               20                   165                  8.0               98
          EXT-02-RS015            40               15               20                   165                  5.7               99
          EXT-02-RS030            40               15               20*                  165                  5' .5             99
          EXT-02-RS045            40               15               20                   165                  5.1               99

          Key for identification:

               NOR - Path of hurricane normal or perpendicular to Gulf Coast
               PAR - Path of hurricane parallel to Gulf Coast
               EXT - Path of hurricane from point inland to Gulf Coast

               01 to 05 - Hurricane intensity level based*6n-Saffir/Simpson scale

               LS, RS - Path of hurricane located to the left side or right side of
                        Cedar Key, facing the Gulf Coast

               000 to 060 - Distance of path of hurricane to the left   or right from
                            Cedar Key in miles

          Source: SPLASH II computer output

                     Due to the severity of this hazard, all residents of
                areas subject to storm-surge flooding should evacuate. The
                approximate limits of the areas in Levy County subject to
                this hazard are shown in map 1.

                     Vulnerability Levels. Each storm type and intensity
                listea-I-n -table I which affects Levy County produces a
                different peak surge height. However, due to topographic
                changes in coastal areas, the extent to which the surge
                travels inland for several of these storm types and inten-
                sities does not change significantly. Therefore, these storm
                types and intensities are condensed into two vulnerability
                levels, as shown in table 2. The approximate geographic
                limits of these levels are shown in map 1.

                Rainfall

                     Approximately 6 to 12 inches of rainfall can be expected.
                to accompany a hurricane. However, the geographic distri-
                bution of this rainfall is di-fficult to predict prior to the
                arrival of the hurricane. Therefore, if heavy rains are
                predicted to accompany a hurricane, residents in areas sub-
                ject to severe freshwater flooding should be prepared to
                evacuate in the event a hurricane warning is issued for -their
                area.

                     Also, heavy rainfall can produce impedances in the
                evacuation process-by causing difficult driving conditions.
                The effects of early rainfall on evacuation time are dis-
                cussed in Chapter IV, Evacuation Times.

                                   Population-At-Risk

                     The number of persons residing within the surge-vulner-
                able areas, as shown in map 1, and the number of mobile home
                .residents outside these areas constitute @@e population-at-
                risk to hurricane hazards in Levy County.    This is shown
                below by vulnerability level:

                     'IThe number of persons evacuating due to freshwater
                flooding should berelatively minor.

                                            10

                                                                                                                                                                MAP 1

                                                                                                                                                                EVACUATION ZONES - LEVY COUNTY

                                                                                                                                                                GILCHRIST COUNTY

                                                                                                                                                                Fann ng Spr gs

                                                                                                                                                                L12
                                                                                                                                                                Chiefland L I 1      94
                                                                                                                                                                L 13 Bronson          LIO         33            21

                                                                               Ilk,                                                                                                                            Williston
                                                                               41-

                                                                               o                                                                                Otter Ck                                               41
                                                                               o. -                                                                             .5
                                                                               ooo
                                                                               0 o.o
                                                                               o.---oo                                                                                                                     L9
                                          I @o                                 @ o o
                                                                               oo'@o                                                                            L7
                                                                               o
                                          o                                    o ooooo
                                          oo                                   o,v n o
                                          o                                    oo -- oo,
                                          o                                    o                                                                                24
                                          o                                    ooo'o                                                                            L6   L6
                                                                               L I co '- - -                                                                    1111111
                                          ooooo                                oo oo o
                                                                               o
                                                                               o
                                                                               o oo ooc
                                                                               oo.'o
                                                                               o@ o oo' . oo
                                                                                                                                                                o oo
                                                                               d                                                                                " o o
                                                                               oo ool
                                                                               oo oo6 o
                                                                               ooo o                                                                            o oo o o
                                                                               oooo1)oo                                                                         o 'ooo
                                                                               o oo"o                                                                           oo oo "oo o
                                                                               0                                                                                o
                                                                               oo o                                                                             o.o
                                                                               .oo@o'                                                                           L2ooo--ooooo'
                                                                               oooo                                                                             oo
                                                                               -oo                                                                              oo-oo -o o -o ooooooo oo o  33
                                                                               o0o o                                                                            5goo- oo
                                                                               o                                                                                o ooo '-o o oooo . o o
                                                                               0oo                                                                              oo o' "
                                                                               ooo                                                                              oo
                                                                                                                                                                o @ oo o o o
                                                                                                                                                                o o o oo
                                                                                                                                                                oo oo
                                                                                                                                                                oo-oo-
                                                                               oo                                                                               ooo-oo-ooooo oo
                                                                                                                                                                o oo o o o o
                                                                               vpoo                                                                             ooooooo @oooooo-ool
                                                                               o'oo                                                                             oo- oo.-o- oo 'o oo
                                                                                                                                                                oooooooo
                                                                                                                                                                ooo
                                                                               oo
                                                                               oooo                                                                             oooo,oooo.oo. o oooL3 o o
                                                                                                                                                                oooooo
                                                                                                                                                                -o oo o@ @ @ oo o ooooooo
                                                                                                                                                                o o oooo o oc oo o -ol L4
                                                                                                                                                                o o ooo
                                                                                                                                                                o.ooo-oo-o-o- - 'oo
                                                                                                                                                                o o o
                                                                                                                                                                ooo.o o--o'ooo
                                                                                                                                                                o.o.
                        LEGE N D                                                                                                                                oon a o
                                                                                                                                                                o
                                                                                                                                                                oooo
                                                                                                                                                                oet wo- o               4.
                           o1ololo, LEVEL "A' FLOODING                                                                                                          o oo o
                            o o o o
                                                                                                                                                                ooooo
                                                                               LEVEL "B" FLOODING
                                                                                                                                                                o o o
                                                                                                                                                                o o(
                                                                                                                                                                o
                              LIO                                              EVACUATION ZONE NUMBER

                                                                                                                                                                                        0                      5                     10
                           Source:                                             Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc.                                                                               Graphic         Scale
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Scale in     Mi les

                                            TABLE 2

                                    VULNERABILITY LEVELS

                                       Storm Intensity                 Vulnerability 2/
               Storm Type                   Category                      Level

               Exiting                         1                             A
               Exiting                         2                             A
               Paralleling                     1                             A
               Paralleling                     2                             A
               Paralleling                     3                             A
               Paralleling                     4                             A
               Normal                          1                             A
               Normal                          2                             A

               Normal                          3                             B
               Normal                          4                             B
               Normal                          5                             B

                     1/ Storm intensity category refers to the intensity level
               on the Saffir/Simpson scale.
                     2/ Vulnerability levels are inclusive meaning that vulner-
               ability Level B includes all persons residing within the areas
               bounded by Vulnerability Levels A and B (see Map 1).

                                               12

                           Vulnerability                    Population-At
                                Level                           Risk

                                 A                            12,077
                                 B                            13,919

                     The difference between vulnerability levels 'A' and 'B'
                is the number of non-mobile home residents in surge area 'B'
                as shown in Map 1.

                            Evacuation Destination Distribution

                     As part of the technical data report for this plan, a
                statistically significant survey of hurricane respoPe
                behavior was conducted in the Withlacoochee region.       One
                of the questions asked in the survey was the evacuation
                destination. 'The destina*tlo*ns were public shelter, friend
                or relative and hotel/motel.

                     Based on the results of this survey and discussions with
                the Regional Disaster Preparedness Advisory Committee, the
                following evacuation destination distribution was developed
                for the coastal counties:

                     Evacuation           Percentage of Population-At-Risk
                     Destination                 Seeking Destination

                     Public Shelter                      30.6%
                     Friend or Relative                  40.6
                     Hotel/Motel                         28.8

                     It should be noted  that, for the hotel/motel destination,
                there is not sufficient  hotel/motel capacity to accommodate
                the expected number of evacuees seeking this destination.
                Therefore, those evacuees unable to obtain a hotel or motel
                in Levy County are assumed to seek such destinations outside
                the region.

                Tjm2a Bay Evacuees

                     Based on a report prepared by the Florida Bureau of
                Emergency Management, approximately 30,000 evacuees from    the
                Tampa Bay region are expected to enter the Withlacoochee
                Region via U.S. 41, Some evacuees will also enter the
                coastal counties.via U.S. 301 and 1-75. Of these evacuees,
                approximately 17,000 are expected to need public shelter.3/
                     2/Behavioral Surveys for the Withlacoochee Regional
                Disastqr Preparedness Plan, H. W. Lochner, Inc., 1982.
                     "/'Report on the Expected Coastal Demand for Inland County
                Shelter Facilities from the Tampa Day and Southwest Florida
                Regions, Florida Bureau of Emergency Management, 1982.

                                             13

                       The number of Tampa Bay evacuees entering Levy County
                   will depend on available public shelter capacity in Levy
                   County. According to the technical data report, if an evacu-
                   ation order is issued for both the Tampa Bay and Withlacoochee
                   regions, there is approximately 4,500 to 5,000 shelter spaces
                   available for incoming Tampa Bay evacuees in Levy County,
                   depending on the level of vulnerability. Assuming, that
                   through traffic from the Tampa Bay region heads toward 1-75
                   (which may require the use of traffic control personnel),
                   this means that approximately 4,500 evacuees or approximately
                   1,700 vehicles may enter Levy County via U.S. 41 under a
                   higherAntensity storm.

                                 Evacuation Routes and Zones

                       As part of a transportation model of a hurricane evacu-
                   ation in the Withlacoochee region, the Ivacuation roadway
                   network for each county was designated. 7 This network is
                   displayed in map 2 for Levy County.

                       Another task of the transportation modeling effort was
                   to divide the counties into evacuating zones. Zones were
                   based on the roadway network and other easily identifiable
                   boundaries.

                       These zones show the distribution of the population-at-
                   risk within the county and thereby assists in the allocation
                   of manpower and other resources within the county. Map 1
                   displays the evacuation zones developed for Levy County.
                   Appendix A provides a written description of these zones.
                   Tables 3 and 4 show the distribution of the evacuation
                   population and number of vehicles, broken out by evacuation
                   destination, for vulnerability levels 'A' and IB', respectively.

                       4/Transportation Analysis: Withlacoochee Regional
                   Hurricane Evacuation Plan, Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan,
                   August, 1983.

                                               14

                                                                                          MAP 2

                                                            EVACUATION NETWORK - LEVY COUNTY

                                                                                   GILCHRIST COUNTY

                                                                         Fanning Springs
                                                                             L 100

                                                                    L 13            L 12
                                                                        31oChiefland                L124      339 L123            24
                                                                                     LIO             f
                                                                                                                  Bronson     OL 10.
                                                                                                                        122
                                                                        -1-102                      LI 11
                                            c)                                                     0
                                                                                L 125                                                                         L 121
                                       41                                                        L 109                                               L 120        9

                                                                                        335  Otter Creek                                        121      41
                                                      L 103                  345                       11

                                                      7                          1-108        L07                     L 117        L 118      1-119
                                                                        L 107 24
                                                                                                             L 112
                                                             b,           106                                                08
                                                           L06
                                                                     L 105             L05b.                                                          L 202
                                                    LOI                                                                              L116
                                                                       OL02

                                                                                                                            L 115

                                                         104
                                         Cedar KI y

                                                                                                            L03

                                                                                                                   L04
                   LEGEND                                                                                             9               L 203
                      0        STREET OR INTERSECTION LOCATION                                 Yankee@wn L113'        11            4
                               (NODE)                                                                           L 114 nglis
                      0        EVACUATION ZONE CENTER (CENTROID)

                    L 104      NODE OR CENTROID NUMBER

                    Source:       Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc.                                                            0       Graphic 5  Scale        lo
                                                                                                                                            Scale in Miles

                                                                                               15

                                                                          TABLE 3

                                         LEVY COUNTY EVACUATING POPULATION AT RISK AND EVACUATING VEHICLES

                                    Evacuating                                                 Evacuating
                                    Population          1         2         3         4         Vehicles           1         2         3         4
             Zone #LOl               2260              692       918       651        0           877              268      356       253        0
             Zone #L02                113               35        46        33        0            44               13       18        13        0
             Zone #L03               2341              716       950       674        0           909              278      369       262        0
             Zone #L04                756              231       307       218        0           293               90      119        85        0
             Zone #L05                  54              17        22        16        0            21                 6        9         6       0
             Zone #L06                127               39        52        37        0            49               15       20        14        0
             Zone #L07                124               38        50        36        0            48               15       20        14        0
             Zone #L08                405                                                         157
                                                       124       164       117        0                             48       64        45        0
             Zone #L09               1901              582       772       547        0           738              226      300       212        0
             Zone #LlO               1696              519       688       488        0           658              201      267        90        0
             Zone #Lll                429              131       174       124        0           167               51       68        48        0
             Zone #L12                216               66        88        62        0            84               26       34        24        0
             Zone #1,13              1655              506       672       477        0           642              197      261       185        0
                                    12077              3696      4903      3480       0          4687              1434     1905      1351       0

                                    1 = Red Cross Shelter           % Participation              100        Surge Zones L01, L02,    L03
                                    2 = Friends Home                # per Mobile Home   Unit     2.7
                                    3 = Hotel/Motel                 # per Other Unit             2.7
                                    4 = Do Not Know                 Avg. Veh. per D.U..          1.6
                                                                    Veh..Usage %                 65.5
                                                                    Dist. %: S=30.6 FR=40.6 HM=28.8 DK=O

                                                                          TABLE 4

                                          LEVY COUNTY EVACUATING POPULATION AT RISK AND EVACUATING VEHICLES

                                    Evacuating                                                 Evacuating
                                    Population           1         2         3         4        Vehicles            1         2         3         4

             Zone #LOl               2260                                                          877
                                                       692       918       651         0                            268      356       253        0
             Zone #L02                 113                                                          44
                                                         35        46        33        0                             13       18        13        0
             Zone #L03               2341                                                          909
                                                       716       950       674         0                            278      369       262        0
             Zone #L04               2371                                                          920
                                                       725       962       683         0                            282      374       265        0
             Zone #L05                 130                                                          50
                                                         40        53        37        0                             15       20        14        0
             Zone #L06                 278                                                         108
                                                         85      113         80        0                             33       44        31        0
             Zone #L07                 124                                                          48
                                                         38        50        36        0                             15       20        14        0
             Zone #L08                 405                                                         157
                                                       124       164       117         0                             48       64        45        0
             Zone #L09               1901                                                          738
                                                       582       772       547         0                            226      300       212        0
             Zone #LlO               1696                                                          658
                                                       519       688       488         0                            201      267       190        0
             Zone #Lll                 429                                                         167
                                                       131       174       124         0                             51       68        48        0
             Zone #L12                 216                                                          84
                                                         66        88        62        0                             26       34        24        0
             Zone #L13               1655                                                          642
                                                       506       672       477         0                            197      261       185        0
                                    13919              4259      5650      4009        0           5402             1653     2195      1556       0

                                    1 = Red Cross Shelter                    % Participation                 100       Surge Zones LOI, L02, L03,
                                    2 = Friends Home                           per Mobile Home Unit          2.7                    L04, L05, L06
                                    3 = Hotel/Motel                            per Other Unit                2.7
                                    4 = Do Not Know                          Avg. Veh. per D.U.              1.6
                                                                             Veh. 'Usage %
                                                                             Dist. %: S=30.6 FR=40.6 HM=28.8 DK=O

                                         CHAPTER III

                                   PUBLIC SHELTER CAPACITY

                               Primary and Secondary Shelters

                       Primary shelters consist of the public schools in Levy
                  County located outside of the surge-vulnerable areas. These
                  shelters will be opened and used first in the evacuation
                  process. Table 5 presents the capacity of the primary public
                  shelters in Levy County.

                       Secondary shelters consist of churches and other civic
                  buildings located outside of the surge-vulnerable areas.
                  These shelters will only be opened if there is insufficient
                  primary shelter capacity to accommodate the evacuees. Table
                  6 presents the capacity of the secondary public shelters in
                  Levy County which.were inventoried for the technical data
                  report.l/

                       Table 7 displays the public shelter demand and capacities
                  for each of the coastal counties. It can be seen that there
                  is more than adequate primary shelter capacity to accommodate
                  the expected number of Levy County evacuees. However, if
                  an evacuation order is issued for both the Tampa Bay and
                  Withlacoochee regions, all the primary and secondary shelter
                  capacity in Levy County may have to be utilized. The
                  implications of a Withlacoochee and Tampa Bay evacuation
                  on evacuation times are discussed in the next chapter.

                  Shelter Duration Periods

                       The shelter duration period is defined as the minimum
                  period of time in which evacuees must remain in their evacu-
                  ation destination until the hurricane passes. This is defined
                  as the period of time before and after the occurrence of
                  gale force winds (39 - 73 mph). Gale force winds are a ssumed
                  to create hazardous conditions due to flying debris. These
                  times were calculated from the results of the SPLASH model
                  and are displayed in table 9 for each hurricane type and
                  intensity.

                        1/It should be noted that the list of secondary shelters
                  was developed for the regional hurricane evacuation plan.
                  Shelter agreements need to be established for the opening
                  and operation of these shelters during a hurricane evacuation.

                                               18

                                                  TABLE 5

                                LEVY COUNTY PRIMARY SHELTER CAPACITY

                       Shelter Name                     Address                            Ca2acityl/

            (Ll)       Bronson Elementary               School St. & Pine      St.           477
                       School                           Bronson, FL 32621

            (L2)       Bronson High School              School St. & Pine      St.           360
                                                        Bronson, FL 32621

            (L3)       Joyce Bullock Elementary         SW 3rd St. & SW lst                1,055
                       School                           Ave., Williston, FL       32696

            (L4)       Chiefland Elementary             US 19 W & 8th Ave.                 1,270
                       School                           Chiefland, FL 32626

            (L5)       Chiefland High School            US 19 W & 8th Ave.                 1,095
                                                        Chiefland, FL 32626

            (L6)       Williston High School            US 41 & SW 6th St.                 1,159
                                                        Williston, FL 32696

            (L7)       Williston Intermediate           C-511 & C331A                        385
                       School                           Williston, FL      32696

            (L8)       Yankeetown School                Port Ave. & Schoolcraft              212
                                                        Dr., Inglis, FL 32649

                       TOTAL                                                               6,013

            1/Based on   20 square feet of usable shelter space/person.

            Source: Levy County School Board.

                                                       19

                                                     TABLE 6

                                 LEVY COUNTY SECONDARY SHELTER CAPACITY

                      Shelter Name                  Address                                Capacity

              (L'9)   Methodist Church              235 Court Street                          200
                                                    Bronson

              (L10)   First Baptist Church          Court St. & Capital St.                   300
                                                    Bronson

              (Lll)   Church of Jesus Christ        C.R. 418 & S.R. 345                       196
                                                    Chiefland

              (L12)   Ebenezer Baptist Church       C.R. 300 & C.R. 339                       250
                                                    Chiefland

              (L13)   First Baptist Church          U.S. 27 Alt. & N.E.     4th St.           500
                                                    Chiefland

              M14)    First United Methodist        N.E. lst St. & N.E.     7th Ave.            50
                      Church                        Chiefland

              (L13)   Church of Christ              C.R. 326 & U.S. 41                        125
                                                    Morriston

              (LlG)   Church of God                 S.E. 4th St. & S.E. 3rd Ave.              150
                                                    Williston

              (L17-)  Faith Baptist                 S.R. 500 & C.R. 335A                      228
                      Tabernacle                    Williston

              (Lla)   First Baptist    Church       131 E. Noble Ave.                         800
                                                    Williston

              (Ll9j)  First United Methodist        W. Noble Ave. & S.W. 2nd Street           200
                      Church                        Williston

                      TOTAL                                                                 2,999

                                                      20

                                                         TABLE 7

                                                NET SHELTER CAPACITY

                                                       LM County

          Primary Shelter                  Secondary Shelter                 Shelter               Net Shelter
              Capacity                          Capacity                      Demand                  Capacity

                  5,801            +            2,999                          4,259                   4,541

                                                       Citrus County

                13,110             +            3,056                          8,954-                  7,212.

                                                      Hernando County

                  9,126            +            3,664                          7.,833..                4,957

                                                  Coastal   County Total

                28,037             +            9,719                          21,046                  16,710

                                                Coastal County Total Plus
                                                   Tampa Bay Evacuees

                 28,037            +            9,719                          37,839                      -33,

           Sources:    WRPC Staff analysis.

                       Report on Expected Coastal Demand for Inland County Shelter Facilities
                       from the Tampa Bay and Southwest Florida Regions, Florida Bureau of
                       Disaster Preparedness.
           NOTES:      l/ Based on worst case surge vulnerability.

                                                            21

                       It should be noted that these are minimum shelter
                  duration periods and that actual shelter duration periods
                  may have to be increased depending on the results of the
                   storm.

                                               22

                                          CHAPTER IV

                                       EVACUATION TIMES

                        Evacuation times consist of three components: pre-
                   landfall hazard time, behavioral response time and clearance
                   time.

                        Pre-landfall hazard time is the number of hours before
                   the eye of the storm strikes or makes its closest point of
                   approach in which gale force winds occur. It is assumed
                   that evacuation must be completed before the occurrence of
                   gale force winds due to the potential of hazardous driving
                   conditions. Pre-landfall hazard times are presented in
                   table 8 for each storm type and intensity.

                        Behavioral response time is the amount of time it takes
                   for the vulnerable population to respond to the evacuation
                   order. These times were based on the survey of hurricane
                   response behavior conducted in the Withlacoochee region and
                   previous evacuation studies and were calculated as part of
                   the transportation model.

                        Clearance time is the amount of travel time it takes
                   for the vulnerable population to reach their evacuation desti-
                   nations. This time was calculated as a part of the     anspor-
                   tation model developed for the Withlacoochee region.

                        Evacuation time is the sum of these components. Tables
                   9 and 10 display the evacuation times by each level of vulner-
                   ability for each county in the Withlacoochee region. It can
                   be seen that evacuation times are greatly increased in some
                   counties, if both the Withlacoochee and Tampa Bay regions
                   are issued an evacuation order.

                        1/clearance time is calculated by determining which
                   link in the evacuation roadway network, displayed in Map 2,
                   is the most congested during the evacuation process. This
                   is called the "critical link."- The amount of time-it takes
                   for the last.vehicle to "clear" this link is the   clearance
                   time. Appendix B presents the distribution of traffic on
                   the roadway network in Levy County according to the evacu-
                   ation scenarios developed for this report. The critical
                   links are denoted with an asterisk.

                                                23

                                           TABLE 8

                   GALE FORCE WIND ANALYSIS AND-SHELTER DURATION PERIOD
                                 BY STORM TYPE AND INTENSITY

               Storm            Storm             Pre-landfall         Shelter Duration
               Type           Intensity            Hazard Time             Period
               Normal             5                    7.01/            12.01/
               Normal             4                    9.0              15.0
               Normal             3                    8.0              14.0
               Normal             2                    6.0              11.0
               Normal             1                    5.5                9.5

               Paralleling        4                    8.0              17.0
               Paralleling        3                    7.0              15.0
               Paralleling        2                    5.5              11.0
               Paralleling        1                    4.5                9.0

               Exiting            2                    5.5              13.0
               Exiting            1                    4.5              12.0

                       Pre-landfall hazard time and shelter duration    period
               for storm intensity  category five are shorter due to    a narrower
               radius of maximum winds

               Source: SPLASH   II computer output.

                                              24

                                                            TABLE 9

                                                   EVACUATION TIMES (in hours)

                                                     VULNERABILITY LEVEL 'A'

                                                                            REGIONAL VULNERABILITY LEVEL
                                       Response                                                       A w/Tampa Bay
                                       -Curve                                 A                          Evacuation

           Levy County                 A-Quick Response                 8 3/4 - 12 1/4                8 3/4 - 12 1/4
                                       B-Medium Response               11 3/4 -  15 1/4               11 3/4 - 15 1/4
                                       C-Slow Response                 14 3/4 -  18 1/4               14 3/4 - 18 1/4

           Citrus County               A-Quick Response                12 1/4 -  15 3/4               12 1/4 - 15 3/4
                                       B-Medium Response               14     -  17 1/2               14     - 17 1/2
                                       C-Slow Response                 16     -  19 1/2               16     - 19 1/2

        tQ
        Ln
           Hernando County             A-Quick Response                 8 3/4 -  12 1/4               29 1/2 - 33
                                       B-Medium. Response              12     -  15 1/2               24     - 27 1/2
                                       C-Slow Response                 15        18 1/2               30-3/4 - 34 1/4

           Marion County               A-Quick Response                 9 1/2    13 1/2               22 1/2 - .26
                                       B-Medium Response               12- 1/2   16                   24     - 27 1/2
                                       C-Slow Response                 15 1/2    19                   25 1 / 2- 29

           Sumter County               A-Quick Response                 9     -  12 1/2               22 1/2 - 26
                                       B-Medium Response               11 3/4 -  15 1/4               24     - 27 1/2
                                       C-Slow Response                 14 1/2 -  18 1/4               25 1/2 - 29

        SOURCE: Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc. and WRPC Staff.

                                                            TABLE 10

                                                   EVACUATION TIMES (in hours)

                                                     VULNERABILITY LEVEL IBR

                                                                       REGIONAL VULNERABILITY LEVEL
                                       Response                                                      B w/Tampa Bay
                                       -Curve                              B                            Evacuation

           Levy County                 A-Quick Response                10 3/4 - 14 3/4               10 3/4,.,.- 14 3/4,
                                       B-Medium Response               13 1/4 -  16 1/4              13 1/4 -  16 1/4
                                       C-Slow Response                 16 1/4 -  19 1/4              16 1/4  - 19 1/4

           Citrus County               A-Quick Response                16 1/4 -  18 1/4              16 1/4  - 18 1/4
                                       B-Medium Response               is     -  20                  18      - 20
                                       C-Slow Response                 20     -  22                  20      - 22

           Hernando County             A-Quick Response                15 1/4 -  18 1/4              32      - 34 1/2
                                                                       15 1/4 -  17 1/4              32 1/2  - 34 1/2
                                       B-Medium. Response
                                       C-Slow Response                 17 1/2 -  19 1/2              33 1/4  - 35 1/4

           Marion County               A-Quick Response                12     -  14                  25 1/4  - 27 1/4
                                       B-Medium Response               15     -  17                  25 3/4  - 28 3/4
                                       C-Slow Response                 18     -  20                  28 1/4  - 30 1/4

           Sumter County               A-Quick Response                11 1/2 -  13 1/2              25      - 27
                                       B-Medium Response               14 1/4 -  16 1/4              26 1/2  - 28 1/2
                                       C-Slow Response                 17 1/4 -  19 1/4              28      - 30

           SOURCE: Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc. and WRPC Staff

                    Timing Adjustments

                         Evacuation Order Adjustment. The    behavioral response
                    time includes response time before and   after the evacuation
                    order is issued. The amount of response time before the
                    evacuation order is issued should be subtracted from the
                    evacuation times listed in tables 2 and 10 in order to arrive
                    at the minimum evacuation order time. These adjustments are
                    as follows:

                         Behavioral Response         Change in Evacuation Time

                             A (quick)                  subtract 1 hour
                             B (medium)                 subtract 2 hours
                             C (slow)                   subtract 3 hours

                         Early Arrival  of Rainfall. The evacuation times set
                    forth in this report include the number of hours before eye
                    landfall (pre-landfall hazard time) when ambient high winds
                    might prevent evacuation from being carried out. However,
                    depending on the structure, size, or forward speed of the
                    storm, hurricane-induced rainfall may precede this point in
                    time. Historically, rainfall has occurred as late as two
                    hours before eye landfall and as early as twenty hours before
                    eye landfall. Such rainfall would reduce roadway carrying
                    capacity because of limited driver visibility and wet pave-
                    ment. This reduction has been estimated at approximately
                    fifteen percent in past transportation studie"s. This adjust-
                    ment requires a monitoring of the forecasted arrival of
                    rainfall by the local weather service office radar. If the
                    arrival of rainfall is forecasted substantially before the
                    pre-landfall hazards time an amount of time equal to about
                    fifteen percent of the clearance time should be immediately
                    added to the evacuation time. The clearance time is the over-
                    all evacuation time minus the pre'-landfall hazards time.

                         Based on the above, the following are the changes in
                    evacuation time according to behavioral response:

                         Behavioral Response           Change in Evacuation Time

                                  A                        add 1.5 hours
                                  B                        add 1.5 hours
                                  C                        add 2 hours

                                                  27

                     Changes in Hurricane Parameters. Certain variables
                were used to Dredict wind speeds in the SPLASH model. If,
                according to ihe monitoring of the storm before landfall,
                these variables are different, the arrival of gale force winds
                could change and thereby affect pre-landfall hazard times.

                     The parameters in the SPLASH model which can affect. the
                arrival of gale force winds and thereby pre-landfall hazard
                times are the forward speed of the storm and the radius to
                maximum winds. As the storm speed increases, there is less
                time required for the arrival of gale force winds, thereby
                reducing pre-landfall hazard time. As the radius-to-maximum,
                winds increases, gale force winds arrive sooner, thereby,
                increasing pre-landfall hazard times.

                     In order to ascertain the sensitivity of pre-landfall
                hazard times to the aforementioned, additional SPLASH program
                runs were made. Forward speed'and radius-to-maximum winds
                were independently varied in each additional run. The results
                are presented and explained in table 11.

                     Unpredictable Road Blockages. The intensity of traffic
                during a hurricane evacuation will always be accompanied by
                a certain number of traffic accidents and breakdowns.
                Although roadway shoulders are available for vehicles in dis-
                tress, the movement of such vehicles to these areas is often
                difficult and disruptive. It is recommended that at least
                two traffic control personnel be positioned at each key road-
                way link so that one can assist disabled vehicles as needed.
                A tow vehicle should also be positioned at each critical link
                to facilitate the removal of immobilized vehicles. Those
                roadways that historically experience flooding due to rainfall
                alone should be monitored for vehicle distress and help.

                     To guard against an unpredictable, and thus unquanti-
                fiable blockage of evacuation routes that could add to the
                overall evacuation time, a safety margin of up to two hours
                will be added to the evacuation times. Such unDredictable
                blockages could include: disabled vehicles, traffic accidents
                and fallen trees or other debris.

                    .Recommended Evacuation Times. It is recommended that a
                Inedium behavioral response be used in determining the evacu-
                ation order time. It is also recommended that two hours be
                added to the evacuation time to account for unpredictable
                road blockages. Other adjustments in evacuation times should
                be made as necessary according to the previously mentioned
                adjustment factors.

                                             28

                                             TA13LE 11

                              SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PRE-LANDF'ALL
                                          HAZARD TIMES

                                            Storm Spee

                   Intensity Level        Change in  Storm Speed     Change in Hazard Time

                          1                      +15 mph                    -1.5 hrs.
                          2                      +15                        -2.0
                          3                      +15                        -4.0
                          4                      +15                        -4.0
                          5                      +15                        -3.0

                                  Radius to Maximum Winds (RMW)
                   Change in RMW                                 Change in Hazard Time  2/

                        -10                                                -2
                        +10                                                +2
                        +20                                                +4
                        +30                                                +6

                        l/
                          Changes in pre-landfall hazard    times for other changes
                   in storm speed can be determined from    this table. For example,-
                   if the storm speed is forecasted 10 mph greater than the storm
                   speed used in the SPLASH model, which is 15 mph, the resultant
                   change in storm speed is proportional. The hazard times will
                   increI se only if the forecasted storm speed is less than 15 mph.
                          /Generally there is a 2 hour change in hazard time for
                   every 10 mile change in RMW. The RMW used in the SPLASH model
                   are shown in table 1.

                   SOURCE: SPLASH II computer printouts prepared by the National
                             Hurricane Center.

                                                 29

                    Based on the above recommendations, the following are
               recommended evacuation order times according to level of
               vulnerability:

                    Vulnerability Level       Recommended Evacuation Time
                           A                      11.5 to 15 hours 2/
                           B                      14   to 16 hours

                    These times represent minimum evacuation order times,
               excluding other adjustment factors. These times should be
               adjusted, using these factors, according to forecasted
               hurricane conditions.

                      Implications for Evacuation Decision-Making

                    As can be seen intables 9 and 10, the evacuation times
               in Levy County do not change if there is a concurrent Tampa
               Bay evacuation, whereas, in some other counties in the Withla-
               coochee region, evacuation times are greatly increased.

                    There are two reasons why evacuation times do not change.
               First, Hernando and Citrus counties absorb some of the traffic
               from Tampa Bay on U.S. 41 before reaching Levy County. Second,
               and more importantly, it was assumed in the transportation
               model that through traffic (that is, traffic not seeking public
               shelter in Levy County) will gravitate toward 1-75 and
               therefore not produce as much congestion on the roadways.

                    Even though the evacuation times are much longer in some
               other counties if there is a concurrent Tampa Bay evacuation,
               the evacuation times are still long enough in Levy County
               such that readiness conditions may have to be accelerated.

                    The effects of evacuation times on local preparedness
               activities are further discussed in Chapter VII, Local Coordi-
               native Mechanism.

                    2/ The difference in evacuation times for each vulnex' --
               ability level are accounted by changes in storm intensity
               for each level. Recommended evacuation order times are
               presented by storm intensity in Chapter I, Quick Reference
               Guide.

                                            30

                                           CHAPTER V

                                       WARNING INFORMATION

                        Warning information refers to the flow of information
                   on the need for hurricane evacuation from the National Hurri-
                   cane Center to the general public. The purpose of this
                   chapter is not to propose a new method for the dissemination
                   of warning information, but rather to explain the existing system.

                   Agency Participants and Warning Process

                        The following are the principal Federal, State and
                   local governmental agencies involved in the warning system:

                        - National Hurricane Center, Miami
                        - Tampa Area Office, National Weather Service, Ruskin
                        - Florida Bureau of Emergency Management, Tallahassee
                        - Central Florida Area office, Florida
                           (Bureau of Emergency Management, Wildwood)
                        - Levy County Civil Defense Department
                        - Public Media (TV/Radio)

                        The warning process is initiated by the National Hurri-
                   cane Center and reac   s the public through the following
                   five-step procedure:

                        1.   A potential hurricane picked up in satellite
                             images is usually the subject to the first in
                             a series of advisory messages issued by the
                             National Hurricane Center at six hour intervals
                             (5 and 11 A.M. and P.M., Eastern Standard Time).
                             These early advisories are aimed mainly at
                             shipping and aviation interests. When the storm
                             intensifies further into a tropical storm, it is
                             given a name.

                        2.   If the hurricane or tropical storm approaches
                             land, the advisory information begin's to focus
                             on coastal and inland effects.

                        l/ The following information was taken from the Pinellas
                   County Hurricane IE21ementation Guide, prepared by the Tampa
                   Bay Regional Planning Council, June, 1981.

                                                 31

                          - A Hurricane Watch announcement becomes part of
                            the NHC advisories when the storm threatens
                            coastal and inland areas. This Watch covers a
                            specified area and period of time and means that
                            hurricane conditions are a real possibility.

                          - A Hurricane Warning is added to the advisory when
                            hurricane conditions, winds of at least 74 miles
                            per hour, high water and storm tides, are expected
                            within a period of up to 24 hours. The Warning
                            identifies coastal areas where these conditions
                            are expected to occur.

                     3.   As the threat to coastal areas becomes more apparent,
                          the advisories are then interspersed with inter-
                          mediate advisories every three hours or as needed.

                     4.   once a hurricane becomes a threat to the Withla-
                          coochee Region, then the Tampa Area office of the
                          National Weather Service will add local statements
                          to each NHC advisory and intermediate advisories.
                          The local statements will consist of recommendations
                          for precautionary actions and completion times,
                          existing conditions of wind and tides, information
                          regarding projected storm tides confronting counties
                          of the region.

                     5.   All normal warning information will be provided to
                          the general public through the media (radio/TV) by
                          the NHC and when necessary, local government.

                     The  warning information provided by the hurricane advi-
                sories, intermediate advisories and local statements will be
                used as a basis to alert local officials and disaster organi-
                zations of any potential hurricane threat. These warnings
                are augmented by restricted information to local governments
                also furnished by the NHC to assist those governments in
                preparation and evacuation decision-making. This restricted
                information is normally received over the National Warning
                System (NAWAS) by the Department of Civil Defense, or, when
                activated, the Levy County Emergency Operations Center (EOC).

                     On the basis of the aforementioned warning procedure,
                the Governor of Florida is advised by the State Bureau of
                Disaster Preparednes I/ to issue an evacuation order for the
                affected local area;    or, the chief elected official of each
                affected local political jurisdiction may issue the evacu-
                ation order, as advised by its disaster preparedness agency
                or committee.

                     2/See appendix D for the chain of legal authority -to
                issue an evacuation order.

                                             32

                      The Central Florida Area Office will serve as the lead
                 agency fdr coordinating an interregional evacuation, which
                 is described in Chapter VI, Regional Coordinative mechanism.

                      Local disaster preparedness agencies and other agencies,
                 such as fire districts, Red Cross and Sheriffs Departments
                 will be the key agencies in carrying out the evacuation.
                 Agency involvement and specific evacuation procedures are
                 discussed in Chapter VII, Local Coordinative Mechanism. .

                      The following is a chronological summary of key warning
                 conditions, based on the above information, in relation to
                 the number of hours before projected hurricane eye landfall
                 or closest point of approach:

                      - 72 hour advisory: storm assigned Category number on
                        Saffir/Simpson Scale by NHC
                      - 48 hours before projected eye landfall: local
                        areas placed under hurricane watch condition by NHC
                      - 24 hours before projected eye landfall: local
                        areas placed under hurricane warning condition by NHC
                      - 12-24 hours before projected eye landfall: local
                        area advised to evacuate by NHC advisory or local NWS
                        office Local Action Statement
                      - Governor advised by Bureau of Emergency Management
                        to issue an evacuation order for the local area or
                        Executive Group, Hurricane Evacuation Committee
                        advised by its control group to issue an evacuation
                        order for the jurisdiction. The local evacuation
                        order should be issued according to the recommended
                        evacuation order times in this guide.

                                              33

                                          CHAPTER VI

                               REGIONAL COORDINATIVE MECHANISM

                                Regional Evacuation Scenarios

                       For purpose of this report, "regional" is defined as
                   affecting more than one county. Accepting this definition,
                   the hurricane is definitely a regional event. This is not
                   only because its hazards can affect a relatively large area,
                   but also due to the error in prediction as to where the hurri-
                   cane will strike, or make its closest point of approach (CPA)
                   during the hurricane warning period, typically 12 to 24 hours
                   before CPA. It is possible that up to a 250-mile "warning
                   area" along the coast may occur during the warning period
                   due to this error in prediction. Therefore, it is possible
                   that, for example, both the Withlacoochee and the Tampa Bay
                   regions may fall under this "warning area" and, hence, have
                   to be evacuated.

                        It should be further noted that the rate of reduction of
                   hurricane-force winds after the hurricane makes its closest
                   point of approach is largely unpredictable. Therefore, it
                   is assumed that the mobile-home residents in the inland
                   counties will have to evacuate regardless of the type or
                   intensity of the hypothetical hurricane tracks modeled in the
                   SPLASH computer model, should an evacuation order be issued
                   for the inland counties.

                       Based upon the above information, three regional evacu-
                   ation scenarios have been designated for purposes of this
                   report. They are as follows:

                          Regional Scenario A: includes all of the residents
                          within the evacuation zones associated with Vulner-
                          ability Level 'A' in the coastal counties, the
                          mobile-home residents in the remainder of the coastal
                          counties and the mobile-home residents in the inland
                          counties.

                          Regional Scenario B: includes all of the residents
                          within the evacuation zones associated with Vulner-
                          ability Levels A and B, the remainder of the coastal
                          -mobile-home residents and inland mobile-home residents.

                                               34

                        Regional Scenario C: includes all of the residents in
                        Regional Scenario B and the number of persons entering
                        the Withlacoochee region from the Tampa Bay region,
                        based on the worst-case regional evacuation scenario
                        for the Tampa Bay region.

                      The aforementioned scenarios do not cover all the possi-
                 bilities in that it is possible that, for example, only the
                 northern counties of Levy and Marion need be evacuated should
                 the "warning area" be further to the north. The same applies
                 to the southern counties of Citrus, Sumter and Hernando;
                 should it be further to the south. It is also possible that,
                 for example, the Tampa Bay region may be evacuated without
                 any of the counties in the Withlacoochee region evacuated.
                 Thus, the regional scenarios should be viewed as worst-case
                 planning possibilities, based on currently available
                 information.

                      The population-at-risk for each regional scenario is
                 shown below:

                      Regional Scenario               P02ulation-At-Risk

                             A                                98,742
                             B                               112,232
                             C                               255,742

                 Implications for Evacuation Decision-makin2

                      The implications of-the regional evacuation scenarios
                 for evacuation decision-making in Citrus County are primarily
                 in regard to the possible need for additional manpower and
                 other resources necessary to accommodate Tampa Bay evacuees.
                 Since the public shelter capacity in most of the other
                 counties appears to be sufficient, there should be no evacuees
                 from other counties in the Withlacoochee region entering
                 Citrus County.

                      In terms of evacuation times, there appears to be a
                 negligible increase in time if there is a concurrent Withla-
                 coochee and Tampa Bay evacuation. However, additional traffic
                 manpower may be necessary to divert through traffic from U.S.
                 41 to 1-75.

                      l/The procedures for obtaining any needed additional
                 resources for the evacuation is addressed in the next section
                 and in Chapter VI.T, Local Coordinative Mechanism.

                                               35

                                       Regional Coordination

                    Lead Agency

                         To effectively coordinate a regional response to a
                    hurricane emergency, a lead agency must be designated to pro-
                    vide a linkage among the organizational participants. The
                    lead agency must have jurisdiction over a multi-county area,
                    and process sufficient expertise, staff and funding to effec-
                    tively manage the evacuation. A reliable communication
                    system is also crucial for the overall coordination of the
                    evacuation.

                         It is proposed that the Central Florida Area office for
                    the Bureau of Disaster Preparedness (CEFA) located in Wildwood,
                    be designated as the lead agency for interregional evacuation
                    management. While other entities were considered for desig-
                    na-.'--ion as lead agency, CEFA appears to be best qualified for
                    tei:ms of the criteria mentioned above. (See Figure 2.)

                         As the lead agency with overall responsibilities for
                    ccordination in the Withlacoochee Region, CEFA will serve
                    as the focal point for the flow of information on hurricane
                    warnings, evacuations and shelter openings.

                    Regional Entities

                         Organizations that will be involved at the regional
                    level include the Florida Highway Patrol, the Red Cross and
                    the Health and Rehabilitative Services Department. The FHP
                    maintains traffic control and maintains the progress of the
                    evacuation. Continuous communication with the regional EOC
                    will provide up-to-the-minute information on the evacuation
                    and thereby improved decision-making during the emergency.
                    The Red Cross will be involved at the regional level in the
                    opening and staffing of shelters. The regional office of the
                    Red Cross would assist in areas without a local Red Cross
                    Chapter. The State Department of HRS provides manpower
                    assistance to the Red Cross should insufficient personnel be
                    available for staffing of hurricane shelters.

                                                  36

                     Procedures for Implementation of Interregional
                                     Evacuation Plan

                     To be effective, the plan for interregional evacuation
                must contain a coordinative mechanism to establish procedures
                for the opening of shelters and reception sites in coordi-
                nation with evacuation movements. The proposed procedures
                for implementation of the interregional plan are described
                below for each phase of the hurricane emergency.

                Normal Conditions

                     Representatives of the participating agencies involved
                in the plan will meet on a regular basis to enhance ongoing
                coordination among the agencies and identify problems with
                the implementation of the plan.

                     This group should meet as a permanent committee, and
                focus on the regional aspects of hurricane planning and
                operations. Activities of the committee may include:

                     - testing of the plan
                     - review of the institutional arrangements for
                       coordination
                     - improvement of public awareness of hurricane hazards
                     - exchange information on ways to improve disaster
                       response and recovery.

                Emergency Conditions

                     As a hurricane develops and threatens land areas, the
                National Hurricane Center will issue a hurricane watch twenty
                four to forty-eight hours before landfall. This alerts
                threatened areas to potential storm conditions. A hurricane
                warning should be issued according to the recommended evacu-
                ation order times in this report. These warnings are issued
                to the State Bureau of Emergency Management as well as
                county civil defense offices.

                                            37

                   Post Emergency Conditions

                        As the hurricane hazard recedes from the region,, the
                   Area Coordinator should continue to act as the liaison between
                   coastal and inland counties. Information on when it is safe
                   to return to effected areas can be transmitted to the inland
                   county civil defense offices. The Area office should also
                   assist where ever possible in an expedient and effective
                   disaster recovery process.

                        After recovery has been completed, the interregional
                   committee should meet to evaluate the plan as implemented
                   and identify any problems that may have occurred.

                                      Public Notification

                        During non-emergency periods, public information and
                   education is disseminated by various agencies through news
                   releases, news features, and radio and television programs.
                   Such activity serves to increase awareness of emergency
                   preparedness programs and provides the citizens with a
                   knowledge of the basic precautions necessary during an
                   emergency.

                        During emergency periods, it is necessary to provide the
                   public with clear, concise, and timely information and
                   instructions to the general public. It is important that one
                   single agency in each jurisdiction be designated as the
                   sources of public information in an emergency. This will
                   avoid the issuance of conflicting reports and provide a con-
                   tinuous flow of information regarding governmental decisionst
                   recommendations and instructions. Public notification and
                   instructions will be issued by the civil preparedness agency
                   within each respective jurisdiction. This information should
                   be disseminated after consultation and coordination with the
                   Central Florida Area office, Bureau of Emergency Management.

                        While primary responsibility for public notification is
                   conferred to the respective civil preparedness agencies, it
                   is suggested that the procedures below be incorporated into
                   the public notification process to improve interregional
                   coordination. These suggestions are divided into three
                   phases: normal, emergency, and post emergency conditions.

                                               38

                Normal

                     Public information materials developed as part of the
                Regional Hurricane Evacuation Plan (and prepared by the Regional
                Planning Council) should be disseminated to coastal and
                inland residents. This material will educate the public on
                hurricane hazards, and provide instructions based on the
                findings of the inland shelter study. The material will,
                identify the sources of further information and assistance
                during the emergency phase.

                Emergency

                     It is suggested that as the emergency approaches, an
                emergency public information officer be activated to act as
                the only official sources of public information for that
                jurisdiction. This officer should be pre-designated and in
                constant communication with the National Hurricane Center,
                surrounding EOC's and CEFA.

                     Evacuation and sheltering instructions on cassette tapes
                or radio scripts which have been prepared beforehand can be
                dissminated at this time. In the print media, area news-
                papers could print hurricane supplements which have been
                prepared in cooperation with the civil preparedness agency.

                Post Emer!jency

                     In this phase the public information officer should
                continue to be the official source of public information
                and should receive information from various service agencies
                for dissemination to the public. The officer should assist
                State and Federal officers in local dissemination of infor-
                mation concerning their programs.

                      Personnel for Reception Centers and Shelters

                     Assignment and notification of personnel to emergency
                facilities is the responsibility of the county civil defense
                director. The mobilization of emergency personnel will
                follow the issuance of an evacuation order. Through consul-
                tation with CEFA, the civil defense director should have a
                good idea of the timing and scope of the evacuation in
                coastal areas. He may then mobilize county resources to the
                required level.

                                             39

                       To ensure that shelters and reception centers are pro-
                  perly staffed in an emergency, it is suggested that procedures
                  be established for assignment and notification of personnel.
                  These procedures should be developed as part of a plan of
                  action that is consistent with the regional plan and relevant
                  to the needs and resources of the county.

                  Suggested Plan of Action

                       Key members of dounty government, the Red Cross and
                  other agencies should meet with the ci*il defense director as
                  a group to establish the roles and responsibilities of the
                  participants. A plan of action can be devised to acquaint
                  each member with the duties that his organization is expected
                  to perform.

                       The group or committee is put on call with the issuance
                  of the hurricane watch. Key members of the committee (those
                  in charge of a county division for example) would meet with
                  the civil defense officer to review plans, and determine
                  readiness of equipment, supplies and personnel.

                       Several hours prior to the recommended evacuation order
                  times, the key personnel would activate their departmental or
                  agency emergency plans, and alert and maintain communications
                  with personnel. As evacuation are announced, the committee
                  would monitor the situation and respond to instructions from
                  the civil defense officer.

                       Prior to the recommended evacuation order times, the EOC
                  should be fully operational with each participant performing
                  assigned duties and tasks. Emergency operations would be in
                  full swing and involve several different areas:

                       - communication with the Red Cross for shelter openings
                       - broadcast of hurricane precautions
                       - communications with public utilities
                       - law enforcement: patrols, road blocks, rescues
                       - coordination of emergency services and needs

                       With the onslaught of the hurricane, activities in the
                  affected areas are halted. The progress of the storm and
                  emergency operations are monitored at the EOC.

                       After the danger has passed, post disaster operations
                  will be initiated. A written report and evaluation should
                  be provided to the civil defense officer.

                                                  410

                                        CHAPTER VII

                               LOCAL COORDINATIVE MECHANISM

                                      Plan of Action

                      The Levy County Civil Defense Department has not yet
                 developed the hurricane evacuation element of its Local
                 Peacetime Emergency Plan.

                      It is suggested that the plan of action presented in
                 Chapter VI, Regional Coordinative Mechanism can be used as
                 a general framework for a local plan of action until the
                 Levy County hurricane evacuation element is developed.

                                  Traffic Control Points

                      Traffic control points are points along the county
                 evacuation network used to direct traffic, resolve con-
                 gestion problems and to divert traffic to other shelter
                 destinations when the capacity of public shelters is reached.

                      It is recommended that the "nodes" indicated on map 2
                 be used as a basis for designating traffic control points
                 in the county. In addition, Appendix B shows the projected
                 amount of traffic on each of the links in the evacuation
                 network during the evacuation. This information can also
                 be used to determine traffic control points.

                                    Shelter Assignments

                      Shelter assignments refer to the assignment of vulner-
                 able persons within each evacuation zone to a particular
                 shelter destination in the same or another evacuation zone.
                 The assignment of individuals to public shelter destinations
                 is based on the results of the transportation model.

                      The assignment of vulnerable residents requiring public
                 shelter to public shelter destinations follow a three-phased
                 procedure: designation of reception centers, assignment of
                 intra-county evacuees and assignment of intercounty evacuees.

                      Designation of Reception Centers. In order to prevent
                 the unnecessary opening of public shelters and thereby con-
                 serve needed evacuation manpower, evacuees will be first
                 assigned to a reception center. A reception center is a key

                                                41

              primary public shelter which will serve as a control point
              for opening additional public shelters. One reception center
              will be opened in each evacuation zone which contains at
              least one primary public shelter. During the evacuation
              process, as it becomes apparent that the capacity of the
              reception center will be exceeded, other primary public
              shelters in the evacuation zone or surrounding evacuation
              zones can be opened through a communications network.

                    The criteria for the designation of reception centers
              are those primary shelters in each evacuation zone which
              have the greatest shelter capacity and are the most feasible
              for use as public shelter. Reception centers and associated
              primary public shelters for Levy County are presented
              in table 12.

                    Intra-County Assignment. The goal of the intra-county
              shelter assignment is to minimize clearance time. As part
              of the transportation model, vulnerable intra-county resi-.
              dents were a5signed to primary public shelter locations in
              each county. /                                                            I
                    The logic of this shelter assignment can be seen by
              comparing table 13 with map 2. Table 13 shows the "paths"
              by which the vulnerable residents of an evacuation zone
              proceed to their primary shelter destinations. This is
              represented conceptually on map 2 with evacuation zone
              centers, or centroids, and street or intersection locations,
              or nodes.

                    By.following these paths, it can be seen that the vul-
              nerable residents of each evacuation zone are assigned to
              the nearest primary shelter location until all the avail-
              able primary shelters in the destination evacuation zone are
              utilized. If there is any overflow, the remaining evacuees
              are assigned to the nearest available primary public shelter.

                    Inter-County Assignment. In the case of both the Withla-
              coochee and Tampa Bay regions evacuating (Regional Scenario
              C), it is assumed that a certain percentage of the Tampa Bay
              evacuees will enter the coastal counties via U.S. 41.

                    Under this scenario, the first reception center nearest
              U.S. 41 in each coastal county shall be designated as an
              inter-regional control center. These centers will monitor
              the number of incoming intra- and inter-regional evacuees
              and disseminate them, first among available primary shelter
              capacity and then to secondary shelters, if primary shelter
              capacity is exceeded.

                    2/ It was assumed in the assignment of intra-county
              evacuees that primary public shelters would be opened first.
              Since there is adequate primary shelter capacity for coastal
              county evacuees, no secondary shelters were used in the
              assignment.
                                           42

                                                    TABLE 12

                          RECEPTION CENTERS AND ASSOCIATED PRIMARY SHELTERS

                                                  Levy County

                 Evacuation              Reception                      Associated Primary
                      Zone                Center                               Shelters

                      L4                 (L8)    Yankeetown School                None

                      L9                *(L7)    Williston High          (L3)  Joyce Bullock
                                                 School                        Elementary School

                                                                         (L7)  Williston Intermediate
                                                                               School

                      L10                (Ll,    Bronson High and                 None
                                          L2)    Elementary Schools

                      L12                (L4)    Chiefland               (L5) Chiefland High
                                                 Elementary School             School

                         l/ Asterisk indicates inter-regional reception center.

                                                         43

                                         TABLE 13

                               LEVY COUNTY EVACUATION ROUTES
                                     TO PUBLIC SHELTER

              L01-L104, L126, L105, L106, L107, L125, L101-L12 or L01-L103,
              L102, L125, L101-1,12

              L02-L105, L106, L108, L110, L122-LlO

              L03-1,113, L114, L115, L116, L119, L120, L121-LO9

              L04-LO4 (Flood Level A); L04-1,114, L115, L116, L119, L120, L121-
              L09 (Flood Level B)

              L05-1,108, L110, L122-LlO or L05-Llll, L112, L110, L122-LlO
              L06-1,107, L125, L101-1,12 or L06-L103, L102, L125, L101-L12

              L07, L110, L122-LlO

              W8-1,116, L119, L120, L12 1-1,09 or L08-L117, L118, L119, L120,
              1,121-1,09

              L09-LO9

              L10-LlO

              Lll-Ll09,. L101-L12 or Lll-L124, L101-L12

              L12-L12

              L13-1,102, L125, L101-L12 or L 3-L100, L101-L12

              Source: Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc.

                                             44

    I
    I                                    APPENDIX
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I

                                                 7APPENDIX A

                                                  LEVY COUNTY
                                        EVACUATION ZONE BOUNDARIES

                   Evacuation
                     Zone                  Zone Boundary Description

                     LI            South of Suwannee River; west of CR 347 and SR 24; all of
                                   Cedar Key; north and east of Gulf of Mexico

                     L2            South of SR 24 and Main Line Road; west of Waccasassa River;
                                   north of Gulf of Mexico; east of SR 24

                     L3            South of Wacassassa River and Robinson Road; west of two
                                   miles west of US 19; north of Levy County line; east of Gulf of
                                   Mexico

                     L4            South of CR 336; west of US 19; all of Inglis; north of Levy
                                   county line; east of two miles west of US 19

                     L5            South of two miles north of Main Line Road; west of US 19;
                                   north of Robinson Road and Main Line Road; east of Rocky Run

                     L6            South of Suwannee River, two miles northeast of CR 347 and
                                   Purdue Road; west of Rocky Run; north of Main Line Road and
                                   SR 24; east of CR 347

                     L7            South of SR 24 and Yearty Road; west of 01 Road #4 and #7;
                                   north of two miles north of Main Line Road; east of Rocky Run

                     L8            South of Osteen Road; west of CR 337 and Levy County line;
                                   north of Levy County line; east of US 19, 01 Road #4 and #7.

                     L9            South of CR 343; west of Levy County line; north of Levy
                                   County line; east of CR 337 and Williston Highlands area Road

                     L10           South of Levy County line; west of Levy County line; north of
                                   CR 343 and Osteen Road; east of Waccasassa River

                     L11           South of Levy County line; west of Waccasassa River; north of
                                   Otter Creek; east of CR 336, CR 330, Chiefland, railroad and
                                   SR 49

                     L12           Chiefland city limits

                     L13           South of Suwannee River and Levy County line; west of SR 49,
                                   railroad, Chiefland, CR 330 and CR 336; north of two miles
                                   north of Main Line Road, Purdue Road and Moody Road; east of
                                   two miles east of CR 347

                                                           A-1

                                                          APPENDIX B

                                                          Levy County
                                            Assigned Link Volumes and V/C Ratios

                                      TOTAL LINK  VOLUME         Service          VOLUME/CAPACITY RATIO
                     Link      A     A w/tb       B     B w/tS'  7-ol-ume     A      A w/tb      B     B W/tET

                   100-101    260        260      297      297    32400     .008      .008     .009     .009
                   101-125    658        658      665      665    14600     .045      .045     .046     .046
                   102-125    634        634      233      233    10100     .063      .063     .023     .023
                   102-103    475        475       92        92   10100     .047      .047     .009     .009
                   103-126    455        455        0          0  10100     .045      .045     .000     .000
                   104-126    870        870      804      804    14600     .060      .060     .055     .055
                   105-126    415        415      804      804    14600     .028      .028     .055     .055
                   105-106    449        449      838      838    14600     .031      .031     .057     .057
                   106-107     51         51       20        20   14600     .003      .003     .001     .001
                   107-125     24         24      431      431    14600     .002      .002     .030     .030
                   106-108    430        00       495      495    14600     .029      .029     .034     .034
                   108-110    440        440      527      527    14600     .030      .030     .036     .036
                   101-109    140        140      164      164    25900     .005      .005     .006     .006
                   109-110     77         77      155      155    25900     .003      .003     .006     .006
                   110-112     83         83      166      166    25900     .003      .003     .006     .006
                   111-112      0          0        0          0  10100     .000      .000     .000     .000
                   112-115     83         83      173      173    25900     .003      .003     .007     .007
                   114-115    976        976     1833     1833    25900     .038      .038     .071     .071
                   113-114    914        914      916      916    11300     .081      .081     .081     .081
                   115-116    892        892     1664     1664    14600     .061      .061     .114     .114
                   112-117      0          0        0          0  10100     .000      .000     .000     .000
                   117-118     71         71       26        26   10100     .009      .009     .003     .003
                   116-119    964        964     1-742    1742    14600     .066      .066     .119     .119
                   119-120    1035      1035     1768     1768    14600     .071      .071     .121     .121
                   118-119     71         71       26        26   10100     .007      .007     .003     .003
                   120-121    1035      1035     1768     1768    11300     .092      .092     .156     .156
                   121-122    769        769      812      812    14200     .054      .054     .057     .057
                   110-122    485        485      579      579    14600     .033      .033     .040     .040
                   122-123    152        152      152      152    14200     .011      .011     .011     .011
                   123-124    152        152      152      152    14600     .010      .010     .010     .010
                   101-124    216        216      213      213    14200     .015      .015     .015     .015
                   200-121    654        654      772      772    14600     .045      .045     .053     .053
                   201-121    653        653      772      772    14600     .045      .045     .053     .053
                   202-120      0          0        0          0  14600     .000      .000     .000     .000
                   203-115      0          0        0          0  14600     .000      .000     .000     .000
                   203-114      0          0        0          0  14200     .000      .000     .000     .000

                                                               B-1

                                          APPENDIX C

                        LEGAL AUTHORITY TO ISSUE AN EVACUATION ORDER

                       In any hurricane evacuation, one of the most critical
                  components of the decision-making process for local govern-
                  ment officials is the timely issuance of the evacuation order
                  to the endangered population. Within the State of Florida,
                  the decision-making authority and power to order evacuation
                  has been conferred or delegated to three different levels of
                  government: state, county and municipal. Such emergency
                  powers at the various levels. of government are also innate
                  responsibilities of the particular jurisdictions to safeguard
                  the lives and property of their citizens. The Governor is
                  empowered to issue an evacuation order; however, in the
                  event that the Governor fails to order evacuation as early
                  as required by local conditions, then the Board of County
                  Commissioners may order evacuation within its physical boun-
                  daries. The same is true for a mayor of any municipality in
                  the region. However, the evacuation order of a higher level
                  of government is binding upon a lower level of government.

                       The authority to order evacuation of threatened Florida
                  residents from an approaching hurricane is conferred to the
                  Governor by Chapter 252.36 (5)(c) of the Florida Statutes,
                  stating that the Governor may:

                       "...direct and compel the evacuation of all or part of
                       the population from any stricken or threatened area
                       within the State if he deems this action necessary for
                       the preservation of life or other disaster mitigation,
                       response or recovery."

                  This power to order evacuation from an approaching hurricane
                  conferred upon the Governor by Statutes is delegated to the
                  governing body of each political subdivision of the State by
                  Executive Order 80-29. The term "political subdivision" is
                  defined under the Statute as "any County or municipality.
                  created pursuant to law." The delegation of authority em-
                  powers the chief elected official of a county or munici-
                  pality to order an evacuation from any approaching storm.

                       The diffusion of the authority to issue an evacuation
                  order does not create problems during a localized evacu-
                  ation. However, in the case of a hurricane which threatens
                  the coastal residents of the Withlacoochee or Tampa Bay
                  Regions, it, by necessity, demands detailed inter-jurisdic-
                  tional coordination. This is especially true in the event of
                  the evacuation of the highly population Tampa Bay Region with
                  its many municipal and county jurisdictions all with the
                  power to issue an evacuation order. An evacuation order not

                                                C-1

               coordinated between municipal, and county officials can have
               a devastating impact upon the evacuation jurisdiction as well
               as surrounding jurisdictions. Prior to the evacuation order,
               region-wide traffic control and coordinated opening of the
               shelters should be established. Since a portion of the Irampa
               Bay evacuees will seek shelter in the Withlacoochee Region,
               a mechanism of coordination is needed to alert officials in
               the probable "host" counties of the impending evacuation. A
               proposed mechanism to achieve this coordination is described
               in Chapter VI, Regional Coordinative Mechanism.

                                            C-2

                          WITHLACOOCHEE REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL

                                           STAFF

               James D. Mims                 Ed Isenhour'
               Executive Director            Planning Intern

               Lorene Finch                  William Scarff
               Administrative Assistant      Research Assistant/Housing
                                               Rehabilitation Specialist

               Peggy Alexander               Vivian A. Whittier
               Finance Director              Research Assistant/Information
                                                Specialist

               Charlotte Neupauer            Lynn Rich
               Full Charge Bookkeeper        Research Assistant/Information
                                                Specialist

               William E. Taylor             Glenda Roberts
               Graphics Chief                Secretarial Supervisor

               Joyce E. Cusick               Kim Greene
               Senior Planner/Community      Secretary II
                  Development

               Kevin Smith                   Dedra Freeman
               Principal-Planner             Secretary I

              *Mark Sinclair                 Tonja Edmondson
               Principal Planner             General Clerical Assistant

               Oliver Pinkston               Doris Pullings
               Planning Intern               General Clerical Assistant

               Taylor Warner
               Planning Intern

               *Planner responsible for the preparation of this report.

                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    i
                                                                                                    i
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    i
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    I
                                                                                                    1

                                                                    3 6668 14101 8863
                                                                                                    I I