[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]



                                                                                 Attac-'hment #94.4.7



                                               Sanitary Survey

                                                               for

                          GREAT BAY AND LITTLE BAY
                                           NEW HAMPSHIRE



                          New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services
                                          Division of Public Health Services


                                                Bureau of Food Protection




                                                            July 1995






                 This report was funded in part by a grant from the Office of State Planning, New
                 Hampshire Coastal Program, as authorized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
                 Administration (NOAA), Grant Award Number NA470ZO237,


                          HT
                          424.8
                          .S26
                          1995



                                      NH EMU 'Pr;;Z




                                                       Pubhcation No. 96-001











                                                       TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                                                                             pg
                 I. Executive Summary                                                                        1


                 U. Description of Growing Area
                         A. Location map showing growing area                                                32
                         B. Description of area                                                              1
                         C. History of growing area                                                          3


                 III. Pollution Source Survey
                         A. Summary of sources and locations                                                 3
                                 1. Map or chart showing the location of major sources of pollution          34
                                 2. Table of pollution sources                                               26
                         B. Identification and evaluation of pollution sources
                                 1. Domestic waste
                                    A. Septic systems                                                        7
                                    B. Wastewater treatment plants                                           8
                                 2. Marinas                                                                  12
                                 3. Stormwater                                                               13
                                 4. Agricultuml waste                                                        14
                                 5. Wildlife areas                                                           16
                                 6. Industrial waste                                                         17


                 IV. Hydrographic and Meteorological Characteristics
                         A. Tides: Type and amplitude                                                        17
                         B. Rainfall: Amounts, seasonality and frequency of significant rainfalls            18
                         C. Winds                                                                            19
                         D. River Discharges: Volumes and seasonality                                        19
                         E. Actual or potential effects of transport on pollution to the harvest area        20


                 V. Water Quality Studies
                         A. Map of sampling stations                                                         36
                         B. Sampling plan justification                                                      21
                         C. Sample data analysis
                         21
                 VI. Interpretation of Data in Detennining Area Classification
                         A. Meteorological and hydrographic effects on bacterial loading                     2
                         B. Variability in the data and causes                                               2
                                                                                                             2





                                                                                                                         V













                  VII. Conclusions
                           A. Map showing classification                                                             42
                           B. Legal description                                                                      23
                           C. Management plan                                                                        24
                           D. Recommendations for improvement of sanitary survey                                     24


                  VIII. References                                                                                   25




                                                                  List of Tables


                  Table 1. Potential pollution sources impacting the growing area with relevant sample
                  sites                                                                                              26


                  Table 2. Fecal coliform (#/100ml) counts at low and high tide for JEL stations GB I
                  and GB2, correlated with rainfall up to 24 hrs prior to sampling                                   27


                  Table 3. NH DPHS database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area from
                  April 1992 to June 1995. Geometric means, 90th percentile score and classifications
                  of sites are also included. All scores in FC/100ml.                                                28


                  Table 4. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) at DPHS-established shoreline/
                  surface water sites                                                                                30


                  Table 5. Fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) at sites in small tributaries
                  surrounding Great Bay                                                                              30


                  Table 6. Effect of a storm event (1.08" on 9/5-9/6) in September 1994, on fecal
                  coliform concentrations (per 100 ml) at sites throughout the classified area.                      30


                  Table 7. Comparison of paired monthly fecal coliforni (#/100ml) concentrations
                  at low (LT) and high tide (HT) for JEL stations GB 1, GB 2, GB 4, and GB 7:
                  7/93-6/95                                                                                          31


                  Table 8. Effect of significant rainfall events on fecal coliform concentrations
                  at sites in the classified area                                                                    31












                                                         List of Figures



                Figure 1. Map of the Great Bay Estuary with the survey area outlined in bold           32


                Figure 2. Classification of growing area based on the 1991 Sanitary Survey             33


                Figure 3. Potential Pollution sources in the growing area                              34


                Figure 4. DPHS shoreline survey sites (1990) and Jackson Lab (JEL) GB sites            35


                Figure 5. Routine sampling sites within the growing area and Jackson Lab
                tributary sites                                                                        36


                Figure 6. Sewered areas within the growing area                                        37


                Figure 7. Wastewater treatment plants within the Great Bay Estuary                     38


                Figure 8. Stormwater drainage streams within the growing area                          39


                Figure 9A. Ebb current directional flow in Great Bay                                   40


                Figure 9B. Ebb current directional flow in Little Bay                                  41


                Figure 10. A map of the survey area showing classification resulting from              42
                the 1995 Sanitary Survey



                                                           Appendix A


                Riparian House lots, septic system information and town tax maps                       43


                                                           Appendix B


                Copy of letter from K. MacDonald NH DES Subsurface Bureau                              59


                                                           Appendix C
                Analysis of contaminated plume transport from the Durham WWT?                          60










                1. Executive Summary
                       Many improvements have been made in local wastewater treatment facilities, and best
                management practices at farms and other potential pollution sources have begun to become more
                prevalent since the previous sanitary survey was published in 1991. The results of the present
                sanitary survey suggest that new areas can be classified as approved, and the boundaries for other
                areas are now better defined. The new areas that could become classified as approved are in the
                northern portion of the growing area, from the present boundary in Little Bay between Adams
                Point and the cable crossing to a line from the tip of Fox Point to the northern shore of Durham
                Point, immediately south of the mouth of the Oyster River A thorough analysis of conditions and
                water quality in the whole growing area support classification of the area with no conditions,
                including all meteorological and hydrological conditions. ne only exceptions to this are extreme
                meteorological events such as Hurricane Bob and other rare events that would cause unusual
                pollution to occur.


                II. Description of Growing Area
                       A. Location map showing growing area
                       Figure 1 shows the boundaries of the growing area in question which includes the portion
                of Little Bay, extending south of the mouth of the Oyster River to Furber Strait and the entire
                Great Bay of southeastern New Hampshire, Boundary lines were drawn approximately 200
                meters upstream from the mouths of the Lamprey, Squamscott and Winnicut Rivers. Each of these
                rivers and the Oyster River, are treated as point sources of pollution for the purpose of this study.
                The northern boundary line extends east from the southern shore of the mouth of the Oyster River
                on Durham Point to the western most tip of Fox Point in Newington for the purpose of this
                Sanitary Survey.


                       B. Description of area
                       The growing area lies within the Great Bay Estuarine System of southeastern New
                Hampshire. Specifically, the area proceeds southward from the mouth of the Oyster River to
                include a substantial portion of Little Bay, then further south through Furber Strait at Adams Point
                to include all of the Great Bay. The northern boundary is drawn eastward from the southern shore
                of the mouth of the Oyster River to the western most tip of Fox Point, while boundary lines
                southward exist at the mouths of the Lamprey, Squamscott and Winnicut Rivers.                  Water
                movement within the area is governed primarily by tidal currents while secondary influences are
                provided by the several tributaries that carry freshwater into the area. Beginning at the northern
                boundary and proceeding counterclockwise around the perimeter of the growing area, major
                tributaries in the area include the Oyster River, Crommet Creek, the Lamprey River, the
                Squamscott River and the Winnicut River. The Great Bay and part of Little Bay was designated by
                the United States Congress and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as
                a National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) in 1989 to promote long term research and public









                education in order to better manage and preserve the diversity of natural resources within this vital
                ecosystem. The Reserve includes 4400 acres of tidal waters and mudflats, with approximately 400
                acres of protected lands through conservation easements.
                        Great Bay is a large, shallow embayment with an average depth of 2.7 m, with deeper
                channels extending to 17.7 m. Little Bay has an average depth of 3.4 m with areas of the central
                channel extending to 15.2 m. In the southern portion of Great Bay, two channels from the
                Lamprey and Squamscott Rivers in the southwest and a smaller, less well-defined channel in the
                southeast meet in the center of the Bay to form a central deep channel which extends northward
                through Great Bay to Adams Point. This channel carries tidal water into Little Bay. The tidal
                range of the growing area varies from 2.0 rn at Dover Point, just east of the northern boundary, to
                2.1 rn at the mouth of the Squamscott River. The area is subject to strong tidal currents and
                vertical mixing, limiting the vertical stratification of waters throughout most of the year. During
                periods of excessive freshwater runoff, partial stratification of the water column can occur.
                        At low tide, approximately 50% of the Great Bay is exposed with most of the intertidal
                zone consisting of mudflat and macrophyte habitats. The shoreline of Little Bay is also dominated
                by large tidal mudflats. Extensive salt marshes exist along the upper intertidal zones at the mouths
                of the Squamscott, Lamprey and Winnicut Rivers and at Crommet Creek.
                        Several bivalve species can be found within the growing area including razor clams (Ensis
                directus), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissus) and more
                importantly, substantial amounts of American oysters, (Crassostrea virginica) and soft shell clams
                (Mya arenaria). American oyster populations are highest in Great Bay at Nannie Island southwest
                of Woodman Point. A smaller oyster bed can be found just south of Adams Point. In addition to
                these two major beds, scattered oysters can be found throughout Great and Little Bay. Together,
                these beds form a total area of twenty eight acres available for harvest. There are presently no
                major oyster beds in Little Bay. Soft shell clams are less prevalent, with the abundance in Little
                Bay estimated to be approximately 4 bushels per acre with a harvestable area of 430 acres. The
                total harvestable area of soft shell clams within Great Bay is more than double that of Little Bay,
                with a total of 1000 acres.
                        The shorelines of Little and Great Bay are a mix of residential property, some agricultural
                land and woodlands. Most of the land surrounding the watershed for the growing area is forested.
                Agricultural use of shoreline land within the growing area is minimal and sparse.             Human
                population along the growing area is moderate, with concentrated areas along the northwestern
                shore of Little Bay in Durham, the southeastern shore of Great Bay in Greenland, particularly on
                Brackett and Weeks Points, and the eastern shore of Little Bay in Newington. These residences on
                Brackett and Weeks Points are predominantly summer camps which are seasonally occupied .
                Shoreline ownership around the growing area is typically private, with some lands protected or in
                government ownership. Acquisition of lands for conservation easements is an ongoing process,
                with both government and private programs in operation. Two Wildlife Sanctuaries/Habitats
                which fall under government jurisdiction border the growing area. One is a large protected area


                                                                  2









               which lies on the Newington side of Little Bay, beginning at Welsh Cove and extending southward
               to Woodman Point, at the site of the former Pease Air Force Base. This natural preserve of 1054
               acres, with approximately four miles of shoreline, has been designated as the Great Bay National
               Wildlife Refuge by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Similarly, at Adams Point, between Little
               and Great Bays, there is an established Wildlife Management Area which is administered by the
               NH Fish and Game Department.


                       C. History of growing area classification
                       The last sanitary survey on this area was conducted by John Seiferth of the NH Division of
               Public  Health Services in March 1991 based on research performed in September of 1990.
               Classification of this area was based on water quality data from 1988-1991 and 1990 shoreline
               reconnaissance work. Figure 2 shows that prohibited (a small portion of southwest Great Bay),
               restricted (Little Bay and some of southwest Great Bay) and approved (north and southeast Great
               Bay) classifications resulted from this survey. Since these classifications were designated, many
               efforts have been made throughout the estuary to improve water quality. Most of the wastewater
               treatment plants (WWTP) within the estuary have upgraded their facilities and received stricter
               permit requirements from the EPA and the NHDES regarding chlorination and total coliform
               counts in effluent. Farms within the growing area have begun to adopt Best Management Practices
               (BMP) in an attempt to reduce fecal contamination to surrounding waters.


               111. Pollution Source Survey
                       A. Summary of Sources and Locations
                               1. Map or chart showing the location of major sources of pollution
                       Figure 3 shows the locations of potential pollution sources to the growing area. A
               discussion concerning each individual source follows in Section 2. The shoreline survey was
               conducted by boat at both low and high tide in August and September 1994 by Drs. Richard
               Langan and Stephen Jones and by foot in highly populated areas during April and May 1995 by
               Paul Raiche, Andrea Tomlinson and Deborah Lamson. By boat, properties were surveyed at high
               tide in order to gain close access to shore for better observation, while at low tide, any pipes
               located below the high water mark could be more readily observed. Homes bordering the growing
               area were evaluated by looking for malfunctioning septic systems, gray water pipes, outhouses and
               other potential pollution sources. During shoreline reconnaissance by foot, many land and cellar
               drains were discovered but none were determined as being potential pollution sources. One old,
               abandoned outhouse with a cement foundation was found on the northwest side of Great Bay and a
               suspected malfunctioning septic system was discovered in the same vicinity. Another potentially
               malfunctioning septic system was found on the east side of Little Bay in Newington. Both
               systems have been reported to the appropriate town and state officials (See Section IIII A. 2. for
               results). All major drainage streams (those with a flow of at least 15 gpm) were evaluated and
               water samples were taken from each of these major streams (see discussion in section In. A. 2.).


                                                               3










                                2. Table of pollution sources
                        Table 1 lists thirteen actual or potential pollution sources found either directly within the
                 growing area or within tributaries which flow into the growing area (Figure 3). Included in Table
                 1 are "Relevant Sample Sites." These are specific water quality sampling sites that have been
                 designated by both the Division of Public Health Services and the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
                 staff which will show the effects, if any, that each pollution source listed in Table 1 has on a
                 specific section of the growing area. Figures 4 and 5 show the array of all sampling sites which
                 have been established in order to monitor water quality throughout the growing area. Sites GB I-
                 GB7 (JEL) were established by Jackson Estuarine Laboratory (JEL) based on past and ongoing
                 studies to give a more comprehensive documentation of spacial and temporal water quality trends
                 in the southwest portion of Great Bay (Figure 4). Sites GB4A-GB80 (DPHS) are sites established
                 by DPHS to support the routine classification of the area (Figure 5). Listed below are sampling
                 sites included in Figures 4 and 5 which were routine sample sites in the evaluation of water quality
                 within the growing area for this study.


                                Sample site                                   Location
                                GB 1 (JEL)                                    Off Adams Point, Little Bay
                                GB2 (JEL)                                     Center of northern Great Bay
                                GB3 (JEL)                                     Mid-center Great Bay
                                GB4 (JEL)                                     Southwest Great Bay
                                GB5 (JEL)                                     Mouth of Lamprey River
                                GB6 (JEL)                                     Mouth of Squarnscott River
                                GB7 (JEL)                                     Chapman's Landing, Squamscott Rvr
                                GB4A(DPHS)                                    Same as JEL GB3
                                GB4B(DPHS)                                    Just east of GB4A
                                GB5(DPHS)                                     Off Woodman Point, Great Bay
                                GB6(DPHS)                                     Northeast Little Bay
                                GB7A(DPHS)                                    Southeast Little Bay
                                GB7B(DPHS)                                    Off Thomas Point, Great Bay
                                GB15(DPHS)                                    Same as JEL GB5
                                GB16(DPHS)                                    Off Pierce Point, Great Bay
                                GB19(DPHS)                                    Off Fox Point, Little Bay
                                GB23(DPHS)                                    South of Colony Cove, Little Bay
                                GB50(DPHS)                                    Mouth of Oyster River, Little Bay
                                GB80(DPHS)                                    Same as JEL GB6


                 Data for these sites are presented in Tables 2 and 3 and discussed in Sections IV, V and VI. All
                 major and minor tributaries have been evaluated. The major tributaries, the Lamprey, Squarnscott,
                 Oyster and Winnicut Rivers are being treated as individual point sources of pollution. The results


                                                                  4









               for water samples collected from sites 1S/A-15S (Figure 4), which were established as a result of
               shoreline survey work performed for the 199l'Sanitation Survey, are shown in Table 4. Fecal
               coliform concentrations were relatively low (<43/100 ml), except at sites CC, 14S and 15S on July
               12, and site 5A on August 9. Sites CC and 5A had lower levels on different dates, and the
               geometric means for these sites were <43/100 ml. Sites 14S and 15S were sampled once, but
               these are located well into the mouth of the Squarnscott River, and should be considered as part of
               this point source to the growing area.
                       Small tributaries that empty into the southeast comer of Great Bay were sampled in the
               summer of 1994. Figure 5 shows the small tributary sampling sites, G/N I- G/N 11 (excluding
               G/N 8), and the analytical results are presented in Table 5. Brackett Brook (G/N 1) and the stream
               north of Great Bay Farm (G/N 7) had little contamination. The other tributaries had higher levels
               of bacterial contaminants, especially G/N 2 and Foss Brook (G/N 3 & 4), as described below and
               identified as PS 11 and PS 12, respectively. The other tributaries, Packer Brook (G[N 6),
               McIntyre Brook (G/N 10), the Winnicut River (G/N 11), and, to a lesser extent, Shaw Brook
               (G/N 5) and Pickering Brook (G/N 7), all contained elevated levels of fecal coliforms. However,
               none of these tributaries appear to have much impact on water quality in Great Bay, based on the
               results for the routine sample sites GB 5 and GB 16 (Table 3; see Section V).
                       Pollution sources listed in Table. 1 and below which are located on the major river
               tributaries are considered to be either point or non-point sources within these tributaries. A brief
               explanation of each source and its potential to contaminate the growing area is given below.



               PS 1, PS 2, PS 3- The Durham, Newmarket and Newfields wastewater treatment plants are
               potential pollution sources. The Exeter plant was not included as a potential source due to its
               location at least four miles from the growing area at the mouth of the Squamscott River.
               Performance standards for these plants have improved over the past five years. Unless an upset
               occurs at the plants themselves or at a pump station within any of the systems, these plants are
               considered to be potential, indirect pollution sources.


               PS  4 - Little Bay Buffalo Farm has potential to contribute fecal contaminants to the growing area
               in the form of buffalo feces from the gazing fields. This contamination could reach the growing
               area as direct runoff or through natural drainage streams leading to the growing area from the farm.
               A sample from site 1A, located just off this farm, had little (6 FC/100 ml) contamination (Table 4).
               The- grazing fields here are large and the buffalo are scattered throughout the property. Therefore,
               the likelihood of any centralized contamination is low.This is considered a nonpoint source, having
               an indirect impact on the growing area


               PS 5 - Bittersweet Dairy Farm has potential to contaminate the Squamscott River with runoff
               containing cow feces from the grazing fields. Manure from the bams is stored at least one mile
               from the river and the grazing fields are well buffered by woodland. This is a nonpoint, indirect

                                                                5









                source contributing to the water quality of the Squamscott River as a point source of pollution to
                the overall growing area.


                PS 6 - Stuart Farm has potential to contaminate the Squamscott River with runoff containing cow
                feces from hay, corn and grazing fields. The farm has a small solids collection dam, a constructed
                wetland and a one-way tidal gate in a detention pond as buffers between the farm and the river.
                The farm is also practicing Best Management Practices, as recommended by the NH Office of
                State Planning and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. This is a nonpoint, indirect
                source that may influence the water quality of the Squamscott River as a point source.


                PS 7- Great Bay Farm is located on the shore of the growing area and has potential to contribute
                contaminants to southeast Great Bay in the form of runoff containing cow feces from the grazing
                pastures and runoff from the corn and hay fields. This is considered a nonpoint, indirect source of
                pollution to the growing area. Samples collected in the summer of 1994 from the Bay (10S, 11 S,
                1 1A; Table 4) and the brook on the north border of the      farm (G/N 1; Table 5) revealed no
                significant contart-iination.


                PS 8 - Beck Horse Farm has little potential for impact on the growing area. The farm has only
                fifteen horses with a bam setback at least 2000 feet from Great Bay. Potential pollution from the
                horse farm would come in the form of runoff containing horse feces. A sample from the Bay
                adjacent to this farm showed no contamination (8S; Table 4). This is a non-point, indirect source
                of pollution to the growing area.


                PS 9 - A suspected malfunctioning septic system in Newmarket is a potential pollution source.
                This system appears to cause leaching of bacterial contaminants into a pond which empties into
                northwest Great Bay. Fecal coliform tests performed on water samples from the pond outfall on
                April 17 and May 31. These tests revealed counts of 1250/100ml on April 17 and 15,300/100ml
                on May 3 1. These counts suggest a septic system malfunction. This situation is in the process of
                being remedied through contact with the Newmarket Health Inspector and the NH Department of
                Environmental Services (DES) Subsurface Systems Complaints Division, both of whom have
                inspected the site. Appendix B contains a follow up letter received from the NH DES. This is a
                nonpoint, direct source of pollution to the growing area. However, water quality sampling sites in
                the vicinity of the pond do not validate this source as being a major contributor of fecal
                contamination to this area. On May 31, a sampling transect was set up beginning at the pond
                extending northward to Adams Point. Six sites were sampled along this transect and counts of
                fecal coliforms ranged from <1/100 ml at Adams Point to 27/100 ml 30M from the pond outfall.
                Other samples taken in the Bay (site 5B) near this site showed no significant contamination (Table
                4). These data suggest that fecal contamination from the pond may enter Great Bay, but dilution of
                contaminants in the tidal water appears to minimize the impact to the growing area.


                                                                6











               PS 10- The McNeill residence in Durham has four horses. Potential pollution from this site could
               come from runoff containing horse feces. Manure is collected and stored at least 400 feet from the
               shoreline. A natural drainage stream runs from the corral area to the growing area. Little
               contamination was observed at sites in the adjacent bay (site IS; Table 4). This is a nonpoint,
               indirect pollution source to the growing area.


               PS 11- Drainage stream G/N 2 located in the southeast comer of Great Bay had -a geometric mean
               fecal coliform count of 790/100 ml for three sample dates (Table 5). The stream runs adjacent to
               Great Bay Road in Greenland. The contamination may be caused by septic system-impacted
               groundwater, runoff or wildlife. This is a nonpoint, direct possible pollution source to the
               growing area. Routine water scores (site GB16; Table 3) within this region indicate a high
               attenuation of the stream contaminants before.they enter the growing area.


               PS 12- Foss Brook (G/N 3 & 4) was also found to have elevated fecal coliforms. Levels at the
               downstream site (G/N 4) were at least 700/100 ml or higher on the three occasions in which it was
               sampled (Table 5). Figure 5 shows the location of the sampling site to be at Bayside Road, at least
               300 feet from the point at which the stream enters the growing area. By the time the stream
               empties into the growing area, it is likely that much of the contamination will be diluted on the
               spot. Water quality scores at GB 16 support this (Table 5). Contaminants may reach Foss Brook
               from septic system-impacted groundwater, runoff or wildlife. This is a nonpoint, direct source of
               possible contamination to the growing area.


               PS 13 - Malfunctioning septic system/gray water pipe in Newington. This septic system was
               built before NH started approving septic systems through the NH DES. The owner informed the
               shoreline survey team that the two visible 3" PVC pipes were connected to the septic tank and one
               to the leach field of the septic system. The same property also has a gray water pipe which
               discharges laundry water only onto the lawn and eventually some of can reaches the bay. Upon
               returning to this site to obtain a sample of each of these discharge pipes, no flow from any of the
               pipes could be detected. Samples of bay water adjacent to this site revealed no significant
               contamination (sites 13S, 13A; Table 4). This system remains under investigation.


               B. Identification and evaluation of pollution sources


                       1. Domestic wastes
                              A. Septic systems
                              Towns abutting the growing area 'With residences on septic systems are Durham,
               Newmarket, Newfields, Stratham, Greenland and Newington. The most densely populated areas
               are Brackett and Weeks Points in Greenland and Durham Point in Durham. Seasonal cottages
               make up the bulk of the homes on the points in Greenland, while homes on Durham Point are

                                                                7









                year-round residences. Moderately populated areas are on the east shore of Little Bay in
                Newington and the west shore of Great Bay in Durham and Newmarket. Research was carried
                out at each town hall in order to obtain septic system information for each residence within 500
                feet from shore (see Appendix A). When available, detailed information including soil type, leach
                field area and distance from shore for each individual septic system was obtained. Where this
                information was not available, the year the residence was built is given. Locations of homes are
                given by map and lot number for each town according to the town tax maps (also Appendix A).
                All homes within the growing area have individual septic systems with the exception of a few
                homes on Moody Point in Newmarket which are linked to the town's municipal sewer system
                (Figure 6). Soil suitability for septic tanks along the growing area shores varies. Land closest to
                shore is predominantly composed of marine clays and shale. Moving inland from shore, gravel
                and sand deposits over a base of metasedimentary hard rock predominate.


                               B. Wastewater treatment plants
                        There are several municipal wastewater treatment plants which discharge into the waters of
                the Great Bay Estuarine system, none of which discharge directly into the growing area (Figure
                7). Those which may indirectly impact the growing area due to their location on tributaries
                associated with Great and Little Bays are described with a summary of operations as follows.


                        Durham WWT P: The Durham Wastewater Treatment Plant is located off Route 4, along
                the northern shore of the Oyster River in Durham. The plant is approximately two miles upstream
                from the mouth of the river where it meets Little Bay. The plant went on line in 1935 as a primary
                treatment facility and was upgraded to secondary treatment in 1981. The plant services 850
                residences from the town of Durham and the entire University of New Hampshire (UNH).
                Serviced areas are all located west of the tidal dam in downtown Durham, north of the tidal portion
                of the Oyster River and west of the WWTP. Thus, all areas along the southern shore of the tidal
                portion of the Oyster River are serviced by septic systems, in addition to areas on the northern
                shore east of the WWTP (Figure 6). No industrial waste is processed through the plant.
                Wastewater is treated by grit removal, primary and secondary clarifiers, aeration tanks and then
                chlorination before discharge. All systems are duplicated. Dechlorination facilities are presently
                being installed with a projected completion date of late spring of 1995. Design flow at Durham is
                2.5 MGD, average flow for 1994 was .98 MGD while peak flow reached 4.5 MGD in March
                1994. Like all wastewater treatment facilities, Durham has some infiltration problems in wet
                weather which are continuously being abated. There are no CSO's within the municipal system.
                        The plant is alarmed for high water and power failure with both audio and visual alarms
                which connect to a dispatcher at UNH. Astaff member is on 24-hour call to respond to the
                alarms. There is back-up power at the plant to prevent bypassing of wastewater. As a result, there
                have been no bypassing events in the last five years. There have been four different occasions
                where there was an overabundance of filamentous bacteria in the secondary clarifier which resulted


                                                                 8










                in solids being discharged into the Oyster River. This occurred as a result of the overactive
                bacteria causing the solid waste matter to become buoyant, flow over the secondary clarifier weir,
                through the chlorine contact tank, and into the Oyster River. This particular problem occurred in
                February 1991, twice in February 1994 and once in February 1995. Ile plant operator has called
                in outside engineering experts to remedy this problem.
                       Four pump stations transport wastewater to the plant. All are alarmed for high water and
                power failure and all have back-up power. The main pump station is electronically alarmed and
                connected to the UNH dispatch. Notification of pump station malfunction follows that of plant
                malfunction, the person on call is contacted.
                        Effluent is chlorinated at 1-2 ppm just before discharge through two 24" outfall pipes into
                the nearshore area of the Oyster River where depth ranges from 1-4 feet at mean low tide.
                Interruptions within the chlorination system are rare. The total coliform. limit for effluent is
                70/100ml. The geometric mean for samples analyzed in 1994 was 14/100ml. Studies done on the
                Oyster River watershed further support the fact that the Durham WWTP had only rare impacts on
                the contamination levels found in this system (Jones and Langan, 1993, 1994). Compared to the
                fecal coliform loading produced by tributaries entering the Oyster River, it was found that the
                Durham outfall contributed only 0.17% of the total fecal coliform contamination within the river.
                Furthermore, upon sampling all major tributaries which enter Oyster River, it was discovered that
                the Durham outfall had the lowest fecal coliform counts when compared to scores found at other
                sites within the watershed, probably due to the disinfecting nature of the residual chlorine in the
                effluent. Sludge is stored and composted on site in closed containers at least 800 feet from shore.
                Septage pumped from private septic systems is taken only from Durham.
                       Major upgrades occurred at the Durham plant between 1992 and 1993. They included
                installation of three new diffusors, replacement of dewatering equipment, aerators and sludge tank
                covers, wood ash introduced as composting material, new primary and secondary pumps as well
                as grinders, new effluent flowmeters with ultrasonic sensors and finally, electronic controls at two
                pump stations. In addition, as mentioned above, dechlorination facilities are in the process of
                being installed- at this time. As previously mentioned, there have been four documented
                malfunctions at the Durham plant in the past five years involving buoyant solids overflowing from
                the secondary clarifier, through the chlorine contact tank and into the Oyster River.
                       Newmarket WWTP: The Newmarket Wastewater Treatment Facility is located off
                Route 152 along the Lamprey River in Newmarket. The facility is located approximately 1.75
                miles from the mouth of the Lamprey River where it, meets the Great Bay. The plant has been
                serving the community of Newmarket exclusively since construction in 1969, with a current usage
                of 1200 residences. Wastewater entering the plant is almost entirely domestic, with the exception
                of 55 GPD of noncontact cooling water waste from a local electronics manufacturer. The plant
                was upgraded to secondary treatment in 1986. Wastewater is treated by means of primary and
                secondary clarifiers, trickling filters and chlorination/dechlorination. Design flow is 0.87 MGD,
                average flow for 1994 was 0.61 MGD while peak flow for 1994 was 2.5 MGD. Infiltration is a


                                                                 9









                problem in wet weather and pipes get constant attention in an attempt to remedy this common
                problem. There are no CSO's in the system. The plant is alarmed for high water and power failure
                by means of electronic alarms and back up power is available. Plant p    ersonnel are on a rotating,
                24 hour on-call basis in order to deal with malfunctions. Wastewater is not able to bypass the
                plant, however, unchlorinated effluent has been discharged in the past due to a failure in the water
                supply to the plant. This occurred in October 1993. Five pump stations transport wastewater to
                the processing area. All are electronically alarmed for high water and power failure. Back-up
                power is present and provided by the main plant. Problems in the past with the electrical line
                carrying the back-up power to the pump stations have resulted in some overflowing at the main
                pump station adjacent to the Lamprey River on Creighton Street. This has occurred three times in
                the past five years, first in August 1991, then again in April 1992 and sometime in 1993.
                Another trouble spot during extreme wet weather has been a manhole at Joyce's Kitchen in
                downtown Newmarket. On days with exceptionally heavy rains, the manhole has burst, sending
                untreated wastewater into the adjacent Lamprey River. On one occasion in March 1993 during
                heavy rains, both the manhole at Joyce's and the pump station on Cedar Street overflowed.
                Malfunctions with pump stations are handled the same way as those with the plant, where the on-
                call staff member is contacted by the dispatch. Effluent is treated by means of flow paced
                chlorination/dechlorination to achieve a final chlorine residual close to 0 ppm. Chlorination contact
                tanks are duplicated. The outfall pipe is 15" in diameter and discharges into the Lamprey River at a
                point where the pipe is exposed at mean low tide but completely submerged at high tide. The
                permit limit for total coliforms in the final effluent is 70/100ml. The geometric mean for total
                coliforms in 1994 samples was 17/100ml. Sludge is dried and dewatered on site and stored in
                closed containers until it is taken to the Newmarket landfill. Recent upgrades which have occurred
                were the installation of a dewatering system and a dechlorination system in 1993. As mentioned
                above, there have been four documented malfunctions either at the Newmarket plant or at one of
                the pump stations within the last five years.
                        Newfields WWTP: The Newfields Wastewater Treatment Facility is located off Route
                85 on the Squarnscott River in Newfields. The plant is approximately 2.5 miles from the mouth of
                the river where it enters into the southwest portion of Great Bay. The facility has been on line
                since 1983 serving the community of Newfields only, with a present day total of 157 residences
                and three minor industries hooked into the system. Pretreated industrial waste comes from
                Kingston-Warren, a manufacturing company specializing in window moldings and metal shelving.
                The two remaining industries are screenprinting companies which have just moved to the
                Newfields area. Due to the recent relocation of these two screenprinting companies to Newfields,
                their industrial operations are still being reviewed by the town of Newfields and pretreatment
                requirements of screenprinting waste are pending. The Newfields facility treats wastewater by
                means of a three-part lagoon system which acts as secondary treatment. Influent is first treated
                with grit removal, then aerated in lagoons and finally chlorinated and discharged. Occasionally,
                there will be days when discharge does not occur and wastewater is simply stored in the lagoons.
                Design flow for the plant is 0. 117 MGD, average flow for 1994 was 0.042 MGD while peak flow

                                                                 10










               was 0.243 MGD in 1994. There are no CSO's within the system and minor infiltration problems
               in wet weather.
                       The plant is alarmed for power failure by means of an electronic telephone connected to a
               dispatcher. Back-up power is available. Due to the size of the three-part lagoon system, an alarm
               for high water is considered unnecessary and there is no possibility for wastewater to bypass the
               plant. If a malfunction should occur, the on-call employee would be immediately notified by the
               dispatcher. Two pump stations carry wastewater to the lagoons. Both are alarmed for high water
               and power failure and both have back-up power. Pump stations are equipped with both dry and
               wet wells, and bypassing throughout the system would occur via a manhole before a pump station.
               Malfunctions at pump stations are handled in the same manner as those with the plant.
                       The -effluent is chlorinated at a concentration of @!2ppm just after the third lagoon.
               Chlorination contact tanks are duplicated. Required installation of dechlorination facilities is
               currently pending on the permit from NH DES which is up for renewal this year. The total
               coliform limit for effluent is the standard 70/100ml. The geometric mean for TC in 1994 samples
               was <24/100mL The outfall pipe is located in the Squamscott River where mean low tide depth is
               3 feet. Discharge occurs on the outgoing tide twice per day. There is no ongoing treatment of
               sludge for lagoon systems, which is stored on the bottom of the lagoons and pumped every 15-20
               years. There have been no recent renovations to the system and no documented upsets within the
               past five years.
                       Exeter V;NWP: The Exeter Wastewater Treatment Facility is located on Newfields Road
               along the upper Squamscott River, just south of the Route 101 bridge in Exeter. This plant has a
               low potential for impact on the growing area due to its location at least 4 miles upstream from the
               mouth of the river. The lagoon-style system was constructed and on-line in 1990. Prior to this,
               the system was a series of stabilization ponds providing primary treatment and was upgraded in
               199 0 to provide adequate treatment of wastewater entering the system. Exeter residents, GTE of
               Exeter and the Exeter Hospital are all served by the plant. A total of 3300 domestic units are
               connected to the system. Like Newfields, the Exeter facility utilizes three aerated lagoon systems
               with chlorination/dechl orination to achieve secondary treatment. Design flow for the plant is 3.0
               MGD, average flow for 1994 was 1.6 MGD while peak flow reached 6.2 MGD. All CSO's were
               separated from the system in 1992-, except one at the main pump station. Like all sewer lines, there
               is some minor infiltration with wet weather.
                       The plant is alarmed for power failure with an ele   ctronic alarm system which signals a
               dispatcher. Notification procedures in case of plant malfunction consist of the dispatcher calling
               the plant operator who is on-call at the time of the malfunction. There are no alarms for high water
               due to the 75 million gallon holding capacity of the three lagoons. Similarly, wastewater is unable
               to bypass the plant due to the the holding capacity of the lagoons . Nine pump stations transport
               was tewater to the lagoons. The main pump station, located on Swazey Parkway in Exeter,
               contains a CSO, which is activated in heavy rains, draining into the Squamscott River. Pump
               stations are alarmed for high water and power failure and all are equipped with back-up power.


                                                               1









                Notification of malfunctions with pump stations are reported in the same manner as those which
                occur at the plant.
                        Effluent is chlorinated/dechlorinated to achieve a final chlorine residual of close to 0 ppm.
                The total coliform limit in the effluent is 70/100ml. The geometric, mean for 1994 samples was
                13/100 ml, however, there were a total of twenty daily violations in 1994 ranging from 75 to 520
                TC/100ml. The problem is thought to originate in the dechlorination system, where there is a
                possible leak in the lines, contaminating the effluent before it is discharged. This is an ongoing
                concern for the chief operator and is in the process of being remedied. The outfall pipe is 30" in
                diameter and is located along the Squamscott River, unsubmerged above the tide line. Sludge is
                stored on the bottom of the lagoons, which are pumped every 20 years. Bottom feeding catfish are
                kept in the lagoons to control sludge build up. There have been no major upgrades at the plant
                since 1990, and there have been no major upsets or documented malfunctions at the plant in the
                past five years.


                        It should be noted that the term "bypass", as mentioned above in all of the WWTP
                summaries, is defined as "an intentional diversion of a wastestrearn from a treatment facility ". An
                example of this would be a gate in a clarifier or a pump station pipe which can be opened in the
                event of heavy flow to release untreated wastewater. Bypassing is legal in New Hampshire if and
                only if the event is unavoidable to prevent property damage, personal injury and if there are no
                other feasible alternatives to prevent untreated wastewater from entering a water body. A bypass
                differs from an overflow or the discharge of unchlorinated wastewater (PC Stephanie Larson, NH
                DES). All malfunctions or bypasses which result in untreated wastewater entering a water body
                must be reported to NH DES within 24 hours of the occurrence. This is a stipulation in all of the
                above WVVTP permits.
                2. Marinas      There are no marinas located within the growing area. There are, however, several
                public boat launches which boaters may use to access the growing area. Those used most
                frequently are the Newmarket Public Launch on the Lamprey River, the Chapman's Landing
                Launch on the Squamscott River, the Adams Point Launch on Little Bay and the Durham Public
                Launch on the Oyster River. Boat traffic within the growing area is minimal from September-May
                but moderate in the summer months. Due to the shallowness and poor channel markings in the
                growing area, most leisure boating is done elsewhere within the estuary. There are no known live-
                aboard boats within the growing area. Several small boats are moored in the south and southeast
                sections of Great Bay during summer months. In addition, there are twelve moorings in southern
                Little Bay in the summer. All boats which use moorings are small, the majority of which have no
                on-board head. The above mentioned mooring sites -are all located in deep water areas with
                substantial daily flushing.




                                                                 12











                       3. Stormwater
                       Stormwater enters the growing area directly through various streams and brooks
               throughout each bordering town. Figure 8 gives a detailed view of the major drainage streams
               entering into the growing area. There are no combined sewer overflows (CSO's) in the growing
               area. Figure 8 shows two drainage streams in Newington labelled 002 and 003. These are
               permitted NPDES outfalls formerly used by Pease Air Force Base, presently used by the Pease
               International Tradeport. Ditch 002, or Flagstone Brook flows north from the site and eventually
               discharges into the northern, downstream portion of Little Bay not included in the growing area.
               Ditch 003, McIntyre Brook, flows from the runway into Great Bay just south of Fabyan Point.
               Both brooks are used for disposal of "stormwater runoff from airport activities" according to the
               NPDES/EPA- issued permit. Activities resulting in the production of this waste include aircraft
               maintenance, aircraft fueling, painting and stripping, aircraft washing and most significantly,
               aircraft deicing. McIntyre Brook has the potential for having a more direct impact on the growing
               area than Flagstone due to the location of the discharge. Major effluent characteristics which
               require monthly monitoring in McIntyre Brook include pH, oil and grease, primary deicing
               chemical (propylene glycol), surfactants, trichloroethylene (quarterly), and total recoverable iron
               and zinc. Most of the runway and aircraft parking apron, industrial shop area and the entire
               flightline area drain into McIntyre Brook. An oil/water separator is located near the origin of
               McIntyre Brook and a newly installed separator is-located on Flagstone Brook. One of the main
               concerns with McIntyre Brook has been the propylene glycol content in the discharged water. This
               product is used in deicing aircraft and can potentially decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in
               water.
                       In 1992, as a part of the Air Force Installation Restoration program, shellfish tissue
               analysis was performed on samples collected in the vicinity of the Air Force Base. In an effort to
               evaluate the potential impacts of contaminants released from the Air Force Base into McIntyre
               Brook, American oysters, softshell clams, ribbed mussels and mummichogs were collected at the
               mouth of the brook where it discharges into Great Bay. Results of these analyses concluded that
               aluminum, arsenic and potassium concentrations in shellfish tissue samples exceeded background
               concentrations . However, the presence of these metals at the concentrations in which they were
               detected. did not indicate a significant health risk to humans, and the contaminants in McIntyre
               Brook were not considered by the NH DES as potential health risks (PAFB- Installation and
               Restoration Program). Other heavy. metals analyses have been performed on shellfish tissue in
               Great Bay in the past, most recently in 1992. Listed below are results from these tests with
               detectable concentrations (ppm) listed for arsenic, cadmium, nickel, chromium, lead and mercury.
               The FDA "edible portion" limits (ppm) are also listed. It is evident from the listed concentrations
               that there is no risk of heavy metal contamination resulting from the Pease International Tradeport
               industrial activities.






                                                                13









                Station                     Al                                                   HZ


                Thomas Point    (1)         5.80*       3.50       2.70      3.10      1.10      0.07
                Oyster tissue


                Nannie Island (1)           8.80        3.70       4.10      3.80      1.30      0.17
                Oyster tissue


                Nannie Island (2)           NA*         0.33       0.58      1.20      1.30      NA
                Mussel tissue


                FDA Guideline               NA          25.0       533.0     87.0      11.5      1.0
                Edible portion


                  All concentrations in ppm dry weight
                  NA-not available
                (1) USEPA/NCCOSC (1994)
                (2) Isaza et al. (1989)


                        In addition to McIntyre and Flagstone Brooks, there are two non-permitted drainage brooks
                located on the Pease International Tradeport property which drain into the southeast portion of
                Great Bay on both sides of McIntyre Brook. They are Peverly Brook and Pickering Brook (Figure
                8). Runoff is characterized predominantly by overland flow to these streams. The Pease
                International Tradeport has adopted a Stormwater Best Management Practices Plan in order to
                properly handle all stormwater waste originating at the facility.


                        4. Agricultural waste
                        Agricultural use of land within the growing area has greatly declined during the past fifty
                years.  At present, there are two small horse farms, one dairy farm and one buffalo farm located
                along the shoreline of the growing area. Other cow farms (both dairy and beef) outside of the
                growing area are located upstream on the Squamscott River in Stratham (see Figure 3, Pollution
                Sources). Listed below are brief summaries of activities on these various farms and site numbers
                which can be cross referenced to Figure 3. Information was obtained through personal
                communications with farm owner/operators.


                LangleY71,ittle Bay Buffalo FamVPS4
                247 Durham Point Rd.
                Durham, NH
                        This is a fifty six acre buffalo farm with twenty nine buffalo and one horse located at the
                northern boundary of the growing area. Animals cannot enter the water and the closest the pasture

                                                                  14










                area gets to the water is about 15 meters. A fence separates the grazing area from the water. Hay
                is grown on the property with occasional manure spreading.


                Bittersweet Dairy Farm/PS5
                Portsmouth Ave.
                Stratham, NH
                       This is a three hundred acre farm with 125 cows and two pigs located on the lower
                Squamscott River outside of the growing area. Animals cannot enter the water and the entire
                pasture is fenced off. Manure storage is approximately one mile from the Squarnscott River. The
                pasture is buffered by woodland. Pesticide and fertilizer are used on the fields.


                Stuart Farm/PS6
                John Merrill
                Portsmouth Ave.
                Stratham, NH
                       This is a dairy farm with 100-200 cows located on the lower Squamscott River outside of
                the actual growing area. Cows cannot enter the water directly. Manure storage is located within a
                picket dam behind the barn. There is a 600 m drainage ditch for the milkhouse wastes and runoff
                from the manure storage which goes to a pond with a tidal gate, through saltmarsh and then
                discharged into the Squamscott River. In 1993, the Natural Resources Conservation Service
                supported construction of a small solids collection dam and a constructed wetland upstream on the
                ditch close to the manure storage area.* The farm is under Best Management Practices
                classification as assigned by the NH Office of State Planning. Manure is applied to hay and com
                fields at rate of 10 tons/acre and 20-25 tons/acre, respectively. There is minimal field application
                of manure near the drainage ditch.


                Great Bay Farm/PS7
                Cynthia and Allen Smith
                125 Newi n*gton Rd.
                Greenland, NH


                       This is a two hundred thirty nine acre dairy farm with 200 cows, two horses and a pony,
                located on southeast side of Great Bay. Cows cannot enter the water directly. Manure is stored
                behind the barn, approximately 1000 meters from the bay. Manure is applied to the hay fields
                bordering Great Bay at a rate of 10 tons/acre and corn fields from 20-25 tons/acre twice per year.
                Both fields are buffered by at least 100 feet of woodland. A manure storage system has been
                installed to cut down on runoff contamination from the barn. The farm is under Bes                  t
                Management Practices (BMP) classification as assigned by the NH Office of State Planning.



                                                                15










                Beck Horse FamVPS8
                Franklin Beck
                632 Bayside Rd.
                Greenland, NH
                        This property consists of eighty four acres and fifteen horses used for trail rides, just east
                of Weeks Point in the southeast portion of Great Bay. Animals have access to the water but do not
                enter the bay water directly. Manure is stored and spread on hay fields throughout the year.
                Natural drainage occurs via brooks and streams.


                Spinney Beef Farm/PS9
                241 Fox Point Rd.
                Newington, NH
                        This is a forty-two acre farm with thirteen beef cows located on Broad Cove, east of the
                northern boundary of growing area. Manure storage area is approximately 400 meters from a
                tributary to Picketing Brook. Cows enter this brook on occasion. Manure is spread once a year
                on the hay fields.



                McNeill Horses/PS 10
                44 Colony Cove Rd.
                D urham, NH
                        Less than half an acre area with four horses only, located on Durham Point at the northern
                boundary of the growing area. Horses are primarily kept in the barn and occasionally ridden in a
                fenced in area about 15 meters from shore. The horses cannot enter the water. Manure is collected
                and transported daily to a storage area 130 meters from shoreline. Some natural drainage occurs
                from the riding area into Little Bay. No fertilizers or pesticides are used on the land.


                        All of the above mentioned farms are practicing responsible management procedures to
                prevent manure'from contaminating the respective bordering water bodies. Nonetheless, runoff
                from these farms, especially in spring time, may contribute to nonpoint source pollution within the
                growing area or to tributaries entering the growing area.
                        5. Wildlife areas
                        There are two wildlife preserves within the growing area. One is located in Newington at
                the site of the former Pease Air Force Base. It consists of a 1054 acre area bordering Little and
                Great Bay which has been designated as a Wildlife Sanctuary by the National Fish and Wildlife
                Service. The other preserve is located at Adams Point and adrifinistered by the NH Fish and Game
                Department as a Wildlife Management Area.
                        Mammals living within the growing area include whitetail deer, beaver, red fox, mink,
                otter, muskrat, coyote and raccoon. In addition, Great Bay is part of the Atlantic flyway and an
                important migratory stopover as well as wintering area for many waterfowl and wading birds. As

                                                                 16










                a result, there are substantial populations of both seasonal  and year round waterfowl throughout
                the growing area. Common species include cormorants, swans, Canadian geese, bald eagles, sea
                gulls, terns, ducks, herons, snowy egrets, common loons, and a large variety of perching birds.
                Waterfowl populations undoubtedly have a direct affect on water quality throughout the growing
                area.  6. Industrial waste
                       There are no major industrial activities on the shores of Great Bay or Little Bay with the
                exception of the Pease International Tradeport. Possible impacts of Pease are mentioned in the
                Stormwater section of this report. Small scale, light manufacturing is practiced along the Lamprey
                River in Newmarket and along the Squamscott/Exeter River in Exeter and Newfields, well outside
                of the growing area.


                IV. Hydrographic and Meteorological Ch              aracteristics


                        A. Tides: Type and amplitude
                               Little and Great Bay experience diurnal tides. Mean tidal range varies from 2.0 rn
                at Dover Point, just east of the northern boundary, to 2.1 m at the mouth of the Squamscott River
                at the southwest end of the growing area. Water volume within the entire estuary is 166x,06 m3 at
                low tide, increasing to 230x,06 m3 at high tide. Specifically, the water surface of Great Bay
                covers 11 km2 at mean low tide, increasing to 23 km2 of water surface area covered at mean high
                tide. Freshwater input to the growing area comes mainly from the Lamprey, Squamscott, and
                Winnicut Rivers in the south, and the Oyster Rivet in the north. River flows vary seasonally, the
                greatest volumes occurring at times of spring runoff. Although freshwater input into the growing
                area is prevalent, tidal currents regulate overall current direction more than density-driven
                circulation patterns. Total freshwater input into the estuary represents an average 2% of the tidal
                prism volume, increasing slightly under wet weather and snowmelt conditions. Tidal current
                turbulence produces a vertically well mixed water column within the two bays. Distinctive mixing
                zones resulting from inputs from the east and west sides of Great Bay and the convergence of the
                Squamscott and Lamprey Rivers that occurs between JEL sites GB2 and GB4, respectively (see
                Figure 4). Partial stratification may occur during periods of intense freshwater runoff, especially at
                the upper tidal reaches of the tributaries entering the area. Generally, ebb.currents are faster than
                flood currents, particularly in areas with restricted cross sectional areas such as Furber Strait.
                Figure 9 gives a detailed account of mid-ebb circulation patterns in the growing area. Within the
                growing area, currents tend to flow into the main channel on both ebb and flood tides. At Furber
                Strait, current speeds average up to 1.0 m/sec: whereas average current speeds range between 0.5-
                0.6 m/sec in Great Bay and 0.75 m/sec in Little Bay. The strongest currents within a tidal cycle
                tend to be concentrated in a central core in the flow, especially in restricted sites such as Furber
                Strait. In other lower, narrower portions of the growing area, an overall increase in tidal amplitude
                and energy dissipation can be observed.


                                                                 17










                         Flushing time for Great and Little Bay ranges between 18 and 26 days or 36-52 tidal
                 cycles. Contamination to the growing area would be well diluted within this time and dispersed
                 due to the freshwater inputs and strong tidal driven currents into the system.


                         B. Rainfall: Amounts, seasonality and frequency of significant rainfalls
                         Listed below are monthly and yearly total inches of rainfall from January, 1992 to June,
                 1995.   Rain gauge measurements from Durham, NH, were obtained from Dr. Barry Keim and
                 Robert Adams, the present and former NH State Climatologists. The frequency of rainfall events
                 >05748 h are noted in parentheses.


                                 1992                   1993                  1994                     1995


                 January         NA*                    1.62(l)               4.88(5)                  4.45(4)
                 February        NA                     2.77(3)               1.60(l)                  2.76(3)
                 March           NA                     4.63(3)               5.46(4)                  1.87(l)
                 April           NA                     4.80(7)               2.76(2)                  1.85(l)
                 May             NA                     0.73(0)               4.02(4)                  2.74(3)
                 June            NA                     2.44(l)               1.73(l)
                 July            4.11(4)                1.49(l)               2.20(l)
                 August          3.58(3)                2.21(3)               4.05(3)
                 September       2.74(4)                4.19(5)               7.26(3)
                 October         3.39(2)                3.08(3)               0.19(0)
                 November        5.20(4)                3.81(4)               2.88(2)
                 December        2.45(3)                5.58(3)               5.55(3)


                 Yearly total    21.47(20)              37.35(34)             42.61(29)                15.59(13)
                 Yearly mean     3.58 (3.3)             3.11 (2.8)            3.55 (2.4)               2.67 (2.2)


                 *NA= Not. Available


                 Overall, the mean monthly rainfall is 3.25", with an average of 2.7 rainfall events/month that were
                 >05748 h. Monthly precipitation ranged from 0. 19 to 7.26 inches, both values for consecutive
                 months (November and October) in 1994. There were a total of 96 1-2 day rainfall events with
                 >0.5" rain within 48 h periods. These events were relatively evenly distributed during the months
                 when shellfish could be harvested (September-June). The sampling conducted for water quality
                 monitoring by DPHS and auxiliary sampling by JEL included 19 of these 96 events.


                         C. Winds
                         Winds affecting the growing area tend to come from the north and northwest in the fall and




                                                             18










                winter months and from the southwest during spring and summer months. Northeasterly winds
                are typical of storms. Wind-driven waves can- greatly affect current direction and speed, especially
                in the shallower areas of Great Bay. Northea    st winds tend to restrict ebb currents, holding water
                in the bays, while southwest winds restrict flood currents from flowing into the growing area.
                Wind waves that influence the bottom can resuspend sediments, increasing turbidity levels and
                particle-associated contaminants above those produced by regular tidal currents alone. Wind
                waves may also influence grain-size distributions and sediment transport within the growing area.
                Current velocities at the sediment surface can become greater than tidal current velocities as a result
                of wind waves, especially in the shallower areas of the growing area where overall tidal current
                strength tends to be low. In general, the effects of tidal currents throughout the bays may at times
                be significantly modified by wind-driven currents.


                        D. River Discharges: Volumes and seasonality
                                Major tributaries entering into the growing area are the Lamprey, Oyster and
                Squarnscott Rivers. Listed below are river discharge data in cubic feet per second (cfs) for those
                three rivers obtained from the US Geological Survey Water Data Reports for water years (October-
                September) 1992 and 1993.

                Oyster River 78km2 drainage area

                Annual mean discharge 16.8 cfs (1992)
                                            18.5 cfs (1993)

                LamUrev River 543 km2 drainage area

                Annual mean discharge 258 cfs (1992)
                                         267 cfs (1993)

                Squamscott R*    ver 331 km2 drainage area

                Annual mean discharge 163 cfs * (1991)



                *At present, there is no gauge located on the Squarnscott River. The annual mean here is an
                estimated value based on regression of mean discharge data from Lamprey, Oyster and Salmon
                Falls Rivers.


                        E. Actual or potential effects of transport on pollution to the harvest area
                        Nonpoint source pollution is the major source of fecal contamination to the classified area,



                                                                  19









                as there are no point sources within the area. Nonpoint source pollution enters the area as either
                urban runoff, groundwater seepage from on-'site septic systems, wildlife, boats, agricultural
                runoff, or as the result of shoreline development. Stream flow from tributaries entering the estuary
                carries 50% of the annual precipitation to the area. This.less saline water is well mixed within the
                water column and diluted upon entering the respective bays. 'Me impact of one storm event (1.08"
                rain in 48 h) in September, 1994 on FC concentrations in the classified area is shown in Table 6.
                FC values remained low (<14 FC/100 ml) over the three day period from GB6 (DPHS) down to
                GB5 (DPHS). FC levels were slightly higher at GB2 (JEL) the first day, then were <14/100 ml
                the next two days. At GB 4B, FC levels were high the first day and much lower the next two
                days. These data suggest that rainfall-associated contaminants can enter the classified area from the
                tributaries, but are rapidly attenuated in the channels leading into the approved area.
                        Transport of fecal-bome contaminants associated with freshwater in tributaries is dictated to
                a large extent by tidal mixing. Tidal currents act to disperse contaminants within the growing area
                by providing a well mixed water column. Since the growing area is subject to daily tidal influence,
                contaminants are continuously being flushed from the system on outgoing tides. With each
                incoming   tide, a volume almost equal to that present at low tide returns to Great Bay, producing
                significant dilution of contaminants already present. This water returning to the growing area on
                an incoming tide will contain some of    the same contaminants which were carried out with the ebb
                tide, but they will be more diluted and dispersed as a result of travel through the estuary.
                Furthermore, contaminant travel throughout the growing area is confined to the main channels with
                limited lateral flow and dispersion to shoreline areas. A comparison of more recent (July, 1993 to
                June, 1995) FC values at four sites (see Figure 4) along a transect from Adams Point into the
                Squamscott River for paired high and low tide samples is illustrated in Table 7. Geometric mean
                values for three of the sites (GB2, 4, 7) were significantly higher at low tide than at high tide. This
                suggests that these sites are significantly affected by the freshwater-associated contaminants most
                prevalent at low tide. At GB 1, the geometric mean was higher at high tide than at low tide, but the
                difference was not significant. Other studies at JEL have suggested that the flow of water across
                the shallows of Great Bay at low tide, especially between GB2 and GB4, has a cleansing effect.
                This is caused by flocculation and settling of particulate and colloidal materials, with attached
                bacterial contaminants, when less saline water from the Lamprey and Squamscott rivers mixes with
                the more saline waters in Great Bay. Thus, tidal currents and mixing have a generally beneficial,
                cleansing effect on the water overlying the shellfish in the classified area.



                V. Water Quality Studies
                        A. Map of sampling stations
                        Figure 5 shows the sites established by the NH Division of Public Health Services in order
                monitor the water quality of the growing area. Several sampling sites have been added to the area
                since the last survey was performed in 199 1. They are: GB 16, which was added to give a better
                representation of water quality in the southeast portion of the Great Bay; GB 4B, which together



                                                                20









                with GB 4A and GB 5 reflect water quality conditions in the central part of Great Bay; GB 7A ant
                GB 7B, which monitor the southernmost area of Little Bay and the northernmost area of Great Bay
                respectively; GB 23 and GB 19 which reflect water colunin conditions in northeast and north
                central Little Bay respectively. These additional sampling sites sampling give a much more
                comprehensive view of water quality throughout Little and Great Bays.


                        B. Sampling.plan justification
                        Systematic random sampling was used to obtain all water samples. Samples were therefore
                obtained under both normal and adverse conditions for the past two years. Numerous water
                quality monitoring programs performed by researchers at Jackson Estuarine Lab have indicated that
                that fecal coliform concentrations may increase in the tributaries to Great and Little Bays under
                adverse conditions such as high rainfall and storms, however, no consistent trend has been
                observed for sampling sites within the growing areas (Tables 2 and 3; also see Section VI). Other
                water quality studies performed at JEL have shown that there is little difference between fecal
                coliform counts within the growing area at high and low tide.


                        C. Sample data analysis
                        The database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area are presented in Table 3.
                Included in the table are the coliform concentrations/100 nil for each station and sampling date, the
                number of samples collected and the 90th percentile score. The site numbers may be cross
                referenced with Figure 10 for exact geographic location. The results of the data analysis indicate
                that sites GB 4A, GB 4B, GB 5, GB 6, GB 7A, GB 7B, GB 16, GB 19 and GB 23 meet the
                requirements for approved classification using the Systematic Random Sampling Program (i.e.
                Geometric mean < 14 FC/100 ml and the 90th percentile < 43 FC/100ml). Sites GB 50 and GB 80
                satisfy the criteria for restricted waters while GB 15 is prohibited.
                VI. Interpretation of 'Data in Determining Area Classification

                        A. Meteorological and hydrographic effects on bacterial loading
                        Ile classification of the growing waters depends on the 90th percentile value calculated for
                water quality data. This value assumes that interniittent pollution events are unknown and random.
                One potentially identifiable and definable condition that may be a consistent cause of pollution is
                rainfall-associated runoff. Table 8 shows the number of DPHS or JEL samples associated with
                either rainfall events of >0.5 of rainfall during a 48 hour time period, or samples where <0.5
                inches fell. In addition, the number of samples that had fecal coliform concentrations >43/100 ml
                are also noted for each rainfall conditio n. Overall, there were 54 DPHS and 68 JEL sample events
                (122 total) for which data was collected for one or more sites within the classified area. Of these
                samples, 19 occurred at times where >0.5" rain fell in 48 h, 6 of which had FC >43/100 ml and 13
                had FC <43/100 ml. In addition, the 43 FC/100 ml value was violated 7 times following periods



                                                                   21









                where <0.5' rain fell in 48 h, suggesting that pollution events are not consistently associated with
                rainfall. Referring to Table 3, there were 17 samples that had FC >43/100 ml. Four of these
                values were recorded on March 30, 1993, when 1.47" of rain had fallen in 48 h on top of deep
                snow, causing runoff associated with massive snow melt       to occur. This phenomenon requires a
                specific set of conditions and has not occurred every year, oreven frequently, in southeastern NH
                in the past ten years. Thus, rainfall and other meteorological events do not produce significant
                unfavorable effects on water quality that are consistent and definable in the classified area.


                        B. Variability in the data and causes
                        Nine of the 13 concentrations >43 FC/100 ml not associated with snowmelt occurred in
                December 1993 or 1994, when migratory birds are oftenpresent, especially at the northern and
                southern ends of the classified area. Feces from migratory birds can obviously cause elevated
                levels of FC in surrounding waters. However, many samples collected during times when birds
                are present were <14 FC/100 ml, suggesting that the effect of birds is localized to their immediate
                surroundings and have no consistent impact on the water quality of the growing area (Rivilla and
                Gonzalez, 1989). Overall, the frequency of samples >43 FC/100 ml is low, and the 90th
                percentile values'calculated for 9 stations are <43 FC/100 MI. The critical public health concern
                about intermittent pollution events is that these events may represent periods when "...the shellfish
                may be exposed to enormous quantities of pollution" (NSSP, 1993). The magnitude of pollution
                recorded for the growing area from 1992-95 was never very high. For DPHS samples, the highest
                FC value was 170 at two sites on March 30, 1993, while 12/17 of the samples that were >43
                FC/100 ml were <80 FC/100 ml. For JEL samples, the highest FC value was 270/100 ml at GB1
                LT in May, 1994, while the other 7 samples that were >43 FC/100 ml were all <75 FC/100 ml.
                Thus, even with occasional undefined pollution events causing FC values to exceed 43/100 ml, the
                resulting contamination was still relatively mild and never constituted 'enormous quantities of
                pollution. It should be noted that FC values in the classified area have been shown to be
                significantly higher following heavy rainfall events of >4" during 48 h periods. 'Ibis has occurred
                twice during the last six years as recorded by JEL scientists: once during Hurricane Bob in 1991
                when 6.06" fell-in 2 days, and once in September, 1994 after 4.22" of rain fell in 48 h.


                V11. Conclusions


                        A. Map showing classification
                                The proposed classification of the growing waters in the survey area are shown in
                Figure 10. Based on the results of this sanitary survey and analysis of the water quality database,
                it is recommended that the portion of Little Bay, beginning at a line drawn west-northwest from the
                tip of Fox Point in Newington (43*07'10" north latitude, 70*51'35" west longitude) to the
                southern shore of the mouth of the Oyster River at Durham Point (43*07'14" north latitude,
                70*52'10" west longitude,) southward to the cable crossing be reclassified as approved. An
                analysis of the potential for impact from the Durham V;V;TP to the reclassified growing area in



                                                                  22









                Little Bay which was based on hydrographic data from a'UNH Masters Thesis (Shanley, 1972) is
                reported in Appendix C. This analysis concludes that a plume of contaminated wastewater released
                from the Durham WWTP on the Oyster River could potentially reach the northern portion of the
                growing area under worst case conditions within 18-24 hours. This would allow the SSCA and
                the Patrol Agency sufficient time for area closure in the event of a release of untreated sewage from
                the Durham WWTP. Survey results and water quality database analysis also supports maintenance
                of an approved classification for the portion of Little Bay south of the cable crossing to Adams
                Point, in addition to the portion of Great Bay going south from Adams Point along the western
                shore of the Bay to Randall Point at the Durham-Newmarket line (43*04'50" north latitude,
                70*53'27" west longitude), and all the growing waters east of a line drawn south-southeast from
                Randall Point to Sandy Point on the southern shore of Great Bay in Stratham (43*03'36" north
                latitude, 70*53'09" west longitude). The mouth of the Winnicut River, defined as the area
                southeast of a line running from Pierce Point (43*03'12" north latitude, 70*50'44" west longitude)
                in a west-southwest direction to the Greenland, NH shore (43*03'06" north latitude, 70*51'14"
                west longitude), should remain unclassified/prohibited. Water quality at the sample site nearest to
                this line (GB 16) meets the approved classification criteria (Table 3, Figure 5), however, there are
                no additional sample sites southeast of  this line that could support another classification. Water
                quality studies support a restricted classification for a section of southwest Great Bay, while
                survey results support a prohibited classification for the far southwestern comer of Great Bay the
                includes the mouths of the Lamprey and Squamscott Rivers (Fig. 10)


                        B. Legal description
                               The approved classification area is defined as the growing waters bordered by the
                shoreline beginning at Durham Point on the western shore of Little Bay (43*07'14" north latitude,
                70*52'10" west longitude) going southward along the western shore of Little Bay and Great Bay to
                Randall Point (43*04'50" north latitude, 70*53'27" west longitude), then defined by a line drawn
                south-southeast from Randall Point to Sandy Point on the southern shore of Great Bay in Stratharn
                (43*03'36" north latitude, 70*53'09" west longitude), continuing along the southern shore of Great
                Bay to a line beginning at a point on the Greenland shore (43*03'06" north latitude, 70*51'14"
                west longitude) and ending at Pierce Point (43*03'12" north latitude, 70*50'44" west longitude),
                continuing east and north along the eastern shore of Great Bay and Little Bay, ending at Fox Point
                (43*07'10" north latitude, 70*51'35" west longitude). The restricted area is defined as the area
                bordered by the western shore of Great Bay beginning at Randalls Point (43*04'50" north latitude,
                70*53'27"west longitude) going southward along this shoreline to the northern shore of
                Lubberland Creek (43*04'28" north latitude, 70*54'02" west longitude), then defined by a line
                from this point to Stratham Station on the southern shore of Great Bay (43*03'22" north latitude,
                70*53'54" west longitude) following the shoreline eastward to Sandy Point (43*03'36" north
                latitude, 70*53'09" west longitude), then defined by a line going northwest from Sandy Point to
                Randall Point.





                                                                 23









                         C. Management plan: Not Applicable
                         D. Recommendations for improvement of sanitary survey
                         In ensuing years, we recommend that sampling near the borders of the approved.area be
                 expanded to include more sites, especially at the northern boundary. The new sites should be
                 established based on suspected sources of lingering contamination that appears intermittently
                 between the mouths of the Oyster and Bellamy Rivers, and down to the General Sullivan Bridge.
                 Another area of expansion could be up into the Oyster River, where it is wide with expansive
                 mudflats near its mouth. Finally, a more detailed survey could be expanded out of Little Bay and
                 into the Piscataqua River, to join up with other detailed survey areas.
                         It is important to maintain a schedule that allows for frequent sampling at all routine sites.
                 The 90th percentile limit of 43 FC/100 ml can be violated if the database includes a significant
                 proportion of high FC values. In other words, less frequent sampling may run greater risk of a
                 small number of high values forcing classification of approved. areas to be changed to a conditional
                 classification. Conditional classifications require much more intensive management and a great
                 deal of effort accurately define the exact condition under which areas need to be closed. Thus,
                 frequent sampling in areas typically unaffected by pollution events will most likely support the
                 more desired classification of approved.































                                                                       24










              VIII. References


              Isaza, J., C. Schwalbe and J. Smith. 1989. Preliminary metals and organics survey in shellfish
              from the Great Bay Estuarine System, New Hampshire, by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New
              Hampshire Division of Public Health Services, Bureau of Health Risk Assessment, and New
              Hampshire Department of Fish and Game. Joint Report PHS/FWS/FG 88-1. U.S. Fish and
              Wildlife Service, Concord, NH. 116 pp. NH Report No. PHS/FWS/FG 89-1.


              Jones, S.H. and R. Langan. 1993. Oyster River Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment. Final
              Report. New Hampshire Coastal Program, New Hampshire Office of State Planning, Concord,
              NH.


              Jones, S.H. and R. Langan. 1994. Land Use Impacts on Nonpoint Source Pollution in Coastal
              New Hampshire Watersheds. Final Report. New Hampshire Coastal Program, New Hampshire
              Office of State Planning, Concord, NH.


              National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP). 1993. Manual of Operations Part 1: Sanitation of
              Growing Areas. 1993 revision. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.


              Rivilla, R. and C.C. Gonzalez. 1989. Seasonal variations of pollution in a wildfowl reserve
              (Donana National Park,'Spain). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 67: 219-223.


              Shanley, G.E. 1972. The Hydrography of the Oyster River Estuary. Master's Thesis,
              Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire. June, 1972.


              U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Naval Command, Control and Ocean
              Surveillance Center (USEPA/NCCOSC). 1994. Estuarine Ecological Risk Assessment of
              Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine. Technical report 1627. Naval Command, Control
              and Ocean Surveillance Center, San Diego, CA.
















                                                        25



                                    M M M M ME" M MM M M M M M M

                                  Table 1. Potential Pollution Sources Impacting the Growing Area with Relevant Sample Sites


                                                                      Potential Pollution Sources Within Growing Area
                              Site        Source                                      Water body         Impact        Relevant Sa pie Site
                              PSI         Durham WW'17P                               Oyster River       Indirect      GB50
                              PS2         Newmarket WWTP                              Lamprey River      Indirect      GB 15
                              PS3         Newfields WWTP                              Squamscott River   Indirect      -GB80,JEL G137
                              PS4         Little Bay Buffalo Farm                     Little Bay         Indirect      GB23,GB6
                              PS5         Bittersweet Dairy Farm                      Squamscott River   Indirect      JEL G137
                              PS6         Stuart Farm                                 Squarnscott River  Indirect      JEL G137
                              PS7         Great Bay Farm                              Great Bay          Indirect      GB16, IOS
                              PS8         Beck Horse Farm                             Great Bay          Indirect      G/N4, 8S
                              PS9         Suspected malfunctioning septic             Great Bay          Direct        GB7B
                              PSIO        McNeil Horses                               Little Bay         Indirect      GB23
                              PSII        Drainage stream                             Great Bay          Direct        G/N2
                              PS 12       Foss Brook                                  Great Bay          Direct        G/N4
                              PS 13       Malfunctioning septic/gray water pipe       Little Bay         Direct        jGB 6, GB 7A



















                                                                                 26






                       Table 2. Fecal coliform (#1100ml) counts at low and high tide for stations GBI GB2, correlated with
                                                                            rainfall up to twenty four hours prior to sampling

                                                                                                                                                  Rikinfall (inches)
                                                                i                                                                                 Day of             24 hr
                                                   DATE         I    GBI LT             GBI HT             GB2 LT             GB2 HT        !cumulative              preiious
                                                   VI L93               18.0       1                                          -----70.02                       10.00
                                                   2A,93                25         1                                                        10.00              10.00
                                                   3/4,93               15.0                                                                10.00              10.00
                                                   3MM                  15.0                                                                10.00              10.00
                                             -3/29,93                   2-0                          7-1                                    10.46              10.00            -
                                                   4/22o93                                                               1                  10.06              10.00
                                                   5/6m                                                       7.5        1                  10.05              1).00
                                                   5/1 L93      1       16.0                                  17.0       1                  10.07              io.00            -
                                                   5120M                18.0                                             1                  10.39              10.39
                                                   6nA3                 4.5                                   2.0        1                  10.83              0.83
                                                   6/3N3                5'a                                   16.0                          0.00               0.00               1
                                                   6(7M                 6.0                                   9.5                           0.47               0.47
                                                   6a4M                 6.0                                   15.0                          0.00               0.00
                                                   6ram                 0.8                                                                 0.00               0.00
                                                   7/5,93                                                                                   10.00              O.W
                                                   7flZ93               4.3                                   13.8                          -ITm               0.00
                                                   7/19M                0.3                                   0.3                           0.00               0.00
                                                   7/26M        1       0.8                0.3                2.0        1       2.3        0.00               0.00
                                                   M7,93        1       0.3                                   0-3        1                  0.61               0.00
                                                   WfM                  1.0                7-0                                              0-54               0.11
                                                   &W                   3.5                                                                 0.29               0.00
                                                   9/1883               1.0                                   2-5             -1.06                            O.W
                                                   8MM                  2-9                                   11.3                          0.02               0.00
                                                   917/93               2-0        1       5.5                21.5               2.3        0.00               0.00
                                                   9/22M                1                                     4.9                           0.02               WOO
                                                   10/5)93              1.:                14.8               53                 4.9        0.05               10.00
                                                   io/12M               5.3                                   12.0                          0.09               0.00
                                             -10/1&93                   20                                    2.5                                              Trum
                                                   10/25M               4.0                                   12.8                          10.00              0.00
                                                   IL19M                1.5                                   7-3                           10.00              0.00
                                                   12/15M       1       8.9                                   38.3                          10.13              0.09
                                                   1113t94              63.0               73.0                                             0.90               O.W
                                                   m94                  25.5               47.5                                             0.00               0.00
                                                   3/2%94               1.5                5LO                                              0.28               0.13
                                                   4/27194              18.9               32.0                                             0.60               -0.60
                                                   5/11/94              5.5                9.0                14.5               6.0        0.00               0.00
                                                   N8,94                9.5                                   10.5                          Tnm                o.25
                                                   5/25M                25.0               24.0               43.5               13.0       0.52               0.10
                                                   5/3 L94      1       270.0                                 37-0                          0.00-              fo.00
                                                   6AV94                0.9                                   9.0                           TMCC               ITmce
                                                   6/23M                5 z                0.8                9.9                0.5        O.OD               10.00
                                                   W28/94               4.8                                                                 0.28               10.00
                                                   7/"4                 LO                                    2.0                           0.00
                                             - 7/1 L94                  0.8                                   7.5                           Tnm                IT.
                                                   7118/94              0.5                                   3.5                           0.00               10.00
                                                   7/2V94               1.3                2.0                2.5                1.8        IT.=               0.00
                                                   70,94                                                                                    0.21               0.21
                                             -     O/L94                1.9                                   20.0                          0.00  -0.00
                                                   084                  1.0                                   4.0                           O.W                0.00
                                                   gn$%                 1.8                                   6.0                           0.08       -0.08
                                                   W3/94                2-5                2.0                73                 0.8        035                0.33
                                                   9)W%                 83                                    38-5                          1.08               0.62
                                                   9/7/94               4.5                                   6.0                           0.62               0.62
                                                   9AM                  4.5                                   10.5                          Tnm                Tram
                                                   9n"4                 3.0                                   7.5                           0.77               0.77
                                                   10^94                3.5                3.0                5.8                4.0        O.W                0.00
                                             -101104-                   6.0                4.3                7.8                3.5        0.00               0.00-
                                             -10/1W%                                                                                        O.W                0.00
                                                   IW29%                7.8                                   8.6                           10.00              0.00
                                                   11/204               8.5                                   6.3                           0.00               0.00
                                             -12(1%94                   5.8                2.0                10.8               8.3        0.41               0.41
                                                   1/26P95              61-5               36.0                                             0.00               0.00
                                                   ZPM5                 13.0               7.5                                              0.00               0.00
                                                   3/2DO95              9.3                10.3               11.0               7.0        0.00               0.00
                                                   411 1M               0.5                29.3               0.5                6.0        0.24               0.24
                                             -5/23,95                   1.3                                   3.5             -0.16                            0.16
                                                   MOM                  3.5                6.0                10.0               5.3        0.50               0.19
                                                   0195                 2-0                                   izi                           0.00               0600
                                                   6/13195              5.8                2.8                16.3                          0.19               10.02

                                                                        67         1       22                 49                 14
                                                                1       3.9        1       7.0                6.9                3@4
                                                                                                                                    5
                                                   Scd. dm      1       3.7        1       4.5                30





                                                                                                                  27






               Table3. NH DPHS database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area from April 1992 to June 1995. Geometric means, 90th percentile score and
                                                          and classifications of sites are also included. All scores in FC/100ml.



                                                                                                                                                      Rainfall (in hes)__
                                                                                                                                                      Day of         24 hr.prior-
                     Date       G134A GB4B G135            GB6      GB 7A GB 7B GB 15 GB 16 GB 19 GB 23 GB 50 GB 80                                cumulative       to sampling_


                       4/6/92                 4.5      1.8                                                                                                   0.00             0.00
                     4/13/92           4                                   2                                                                                 0.18             -.0.18
                     4/14/92         1.8        2        2                                                                                                   0.00             0.00
                     4/20/92           4      1.8      4.5                                                                                                 Trace              Trace
                     5/25/92         4.5      4.5      4.5      4.5                         790                                   13        4.5            Trace              Trace
                     6/22/92         7.81       2        2      1.81                      1300                                    23         23              0.22
                     7/13/92         1.81     1.8      1.8        2                         49                                      2       7.8            Trace              0.00
                     9/21/92         1.8      1.8      1.8      1.8                         490                                   1.8       4.5              0.00             0.00
                     9/28/92           4      7.8      4.5        2                         79                                    6.8       140              0.48             0.48
                    10/13/92         4.5      7.8      6.8      13       6.8     7.8        330                                   6.8        46              0.52             0.52
                    10/19/92         13         2'     1.8        2                  1      22                                      2        14              0.11             0.00
                     11/9/92         4.51     1.8      7.8      9.31       4      49        17                                    14        4.5              0.00             0.00
                    11/16/92                                    13                                                                9.3                        0.00             0.00
                     3/30/93         170      140      170     130                                                              1100                         1.47             0.46
                     4/27/93         79       13         4      1.8                                                             1300                         0.89             0.27
                     5/25/93         11       7.8      4.5      1.8                         280                                   13         49              0.07            -0.00
                       6/1/93          2      4.5        2      13                          70                                      2          4             0.83             0.00
                     6/22/93         7.81     23       11       4.51                        230                                   120       280              0.47             0.08
                     7/28/93         1.81     1.8      1.8      1.8                         170                                   1.8        17              0.61             0.61
                     8/24/93           21     1.8      1.8        2                         230                   1               7 A        13              0.00             0.00
                       9/7/93        7.81       2      1.8      1.8                         14                                    6.8          2             0.00             0.00
                     10/5/93         1 11       2      1.8        4                         110                                     2        17              0.05             0.00
                     10/8/93                           1.81                      6.8        6.8                              -                               0.00             --0.00
                    10/11/93                           1.81                        2        49                                                             Trace             Trace
                     11/2/93         7.8      11       23         2                         49                                    12        170              0.60             0.6-0
                    12/20/93         49       34       46       49                          23                                    22        110              0.05             0.0-5
                     3/31/94                                    4.5      1.8                                                                                 0.02            -0.02
                     4/19/94!        11 i     1.81       2        21                        17           1        1               1 8                        0.05            -0.0-0
              L
                 _5                                                                                      I        1                                          0.851            0.60
                       /17/941       491      701      4.51       21                        1101                            1    1310-1


                                                                                            28






            Table 3. NH DPHS database for sampling sites relevant to the survey area from April 1992 to June 1995. Geometric means, 90th percentile score and
                                                         and classifications of sites are also included. All scores in FC/100ml.

                                                                                                                                                       Rainfall (in hes)
                                                                                                                                                      Day of         24 hr prior
                   Date        GB 4A GB 4B G135            GB6     GB 7A GB 7B GB 15 GB 16 GB 19 GB 23 GB 50                           GB 80       cumulative        to sampling
                   6/14/94            2       2       1.8      1.8                         230                                    17          23             0.48              0.45
                   7/26/94          7.8     1.8         2      4.5                         230                                    1 1         49             Trace             Trace
                   8/30/94            2       2       1.8      1.8      1.8      4.5       79                 1.8          2          2       11             0.03              0.03
                   8/30/94            2       2       1.8      1.8               4.5       79        1.8      1.8                     2       1 1            0.03              0.03
                   8/30/94                                       2                                                                                           0.03              0.03
                  10/24/94           13       2       1.8        2      1.8      1.8       79        1.8        2       1.8       4.5-        33             0.00              0.00
                  10/24/94                                     6.8                                   17                                                      0.00              0.00
                   11/8/94          6.8     4.5       4.5      6.8        4      4.5       49        7.8      13        7.8       6.8         21             0.00              0.00
                   11/8/94                                                                                              13                                   0.00              0.00
                  12/12/94                                     33       13       70                  49       79        49                       1           0.72              0.72
                  12/19/94                                     33       27       33                  1 1      79       130                                   0.41              0.41
                   1/10/95                                     1 1      14       6.8                  2       13        23                                   0.00              0.00
                   1/31/95                                     4.5        2      4.51                 4       6.8       23                                   0.00              0.00
                   3/21/95                  1.8                  2      7.8      1 1                 14       1 1       13        1.8                        0.12              0.00
                   3/21/95                                     4.5                                                                                           0.12              0.00
                   3/27/95                                     4.5        2         2                4.5      4.5       7.8                                  0.00              0.00
                   4/18/95                  1.8                7.8      4.5      7.8                 4.5      1.8       1.8       6.8                        0.00              0.00
                   4/18/95                                     1.8                                                      1.8                                  0.00              0.00
                   4/26/95                                              1.8      1.8                  2       1.8       1.8                                  0.00              0.00
                     5/2/95                                    4.5               1.8                 6.8      1.8       1.8           2                      Trace             Trace
                     5/2/95                                    1.8               1.8                                                                         Trace             Trace
                     5/9/95                                             1.8      1.8                  2       1.8       1.8                                  0.00              0.00
                   5/22/95                                                2      1.8                 33       1.8       4.5                                  0.16              0.00
                     6/6/95         7.8       2       1.8      4.5        2      1.8                 1.8      1.8       1.8                       NA                NA
                     6/6/95                                             1.8         2                 2       1.8          2      1.8         17  NA                NA



             Geo Aean            6.571 4.01        3.48, 4.26         3.49    4.73, 90.02 5.24             4.53,      5.68       8.56     20.07,
             # samples          31.00 33.00       33.00 43.00        19.00   22.00 27.00 17.00            17.00 18-00           32.00     24.00
             90th %ile           29.7 17.8           13.6     16.2     10.4    20.1 465.6 21.0              24.5       32.4      79.5     102.6
             Classification       A         A       A          A I A             A         P         A        A        A          R         R


                                                                                             29







                   Table 4. Fecal colifonn concentrations (per 100 rnL) at DPHS- establislied slioreline/surface water sites. Analyses by JEL.

                    DATE            CC IS ]A 2S 3S 3A 4S 5S 5A 5B 6S 6A 7S 7A 8S 8A 9S IOS I IS I IA 12S 13S 13A 14S 15S
                          7/12/94   66 3    6    7 18         16 5    5     14                                                0   0      2   75    78
                          7/13/94                                                    3    20 0 27 0           1   0     5
                          7/14/94                                           5                                                 2
                          7/21/94                                           2 2         3
                            8/9/94                      14           75              19
                            9/6/94  15
                   n=               2 1     1    1 1     1    1   1   2     3 1      2  1  1   1    1    1    1   1     1     2    1     1    1     1
                  'Geo. Mean        32 3 6 7 18         14    16 5   19     5 2      8  3 20 0 27 0 1             0     5     1   0      2   75 78

                Table 5. Fecal coliforin concentrations (per 100 mL) at sites in sm-all tributaries surrounding Great Bay.

                DATE                GNI          GN2  GN3 GN4 GN5                    GN6        GN7        GN9        GNIO          GN11
                                  Brackett Bk         Foss Brook     Shaw Bk Packer Bk Pickering Bk               McIntyre Bk Winnicut R
                        7/21/94       10         298          2500       50          345         138          1         853
                        7/27/94       2          360  233     700        23          180          18          10        545            113
                          9/6/94      18         4600         4700       160         355          64          172       165           250
                n=                    3          3      1       2         3          3            3           3         3               2
                lGeo. Mean            7          790  233     2019       56          280          54          12        425            168


                Table 6. Effect of a stonn event (1.08" on 9/5-9/6) in September, 1994, on
                fecal coliform concentrations (per 100 mL) at sites throughout die classified area.

                Station                      9/6/94           qn194           9/8/94     Geo. Mean (site)
                GB6                              10             4.0                  3.0                 4.9
                GB50                             40               16                 7.0                 16.5
                GB7B (GB 1)                      8.3            4.5                  3.0                 4.8
                GB5                              6.0            2.8                  0.5                 2.0
                (Gl32)                           39               11                 7.5                 14
                GB4B (GB3)                       101              23                 23                  38
                GB4                              57               38                 40                  44
                GB15                             765            150                  60                  190
                GB80 (GB6)                       75               69                 65                  69
                (GB7)                            110            260                  157                 165

                ,Geo. Mean (date)l               44               21                 13                    1

                                                                                              30








                Table 7. Comparison of paired monthly fecal coliform (#/100ml) concentrations (per 100 ml) at
                low (LT) and high (HT) tide for TEL stations GB 1, GB2, GB4, and GB7: 7/93-6/95.


                  DATE          GB1 LT        GBI HT        GB2 LT        GB2 HT            GB4 LT     GB4 HT         GB7 LT        GB7 HT
                  7/26/93          0.8            0.3           2.0           2.3           40            1.5            135           2.0
                  8/3/93           1.0            2.0
                  9f7/93           2.0            5.5           22            2.3           135           2.0            56            15
                  10/5/93          1.8            15            5.3           4.8           26            2.3            13            2.3
                  1/13/94          63             73                                                                     109           44
                  2/21/94          26             48                                                                     38            9.0
                  3/29/94          1.5            51                                                                     285           24
                  4/27/94          19             32                                                                     33            42
                  5/11/94          5.5            8.0           15            6.0           29            3.0            51            3.5
                  5/25/94          25             24            44            13            104           53             350           140
                  6/23/94          5.5            0.8           8.8           0.5           38            0.3            18            8.3
                  7/21/94          1.3            2.0           2.5           1.8           19            0.3            15            7.5
                  8/23/94          2.5            2.0           7.3           0.8           29            2.0            71            5.5
                  10/4/94          3.5            3.0           5.8           4.0           25            0.8            62            1.0
                  10/11/94         6.0            4.3           7.8           3.5           32            3.3            126           8.5
                  12/19/94         5.8            2.0           11            8.3           16            5.5            48            3.5
                  1/26/95          62             36                                                                     93            83
                  2/20/95          13             7.5                                                                    37            38
                  3/20/95          8.3            10            11            7.0           11            38             5.5           18
                  4/11/95          0.5            29            0.5           6.0           16            1.5            36            4.5
                  5/30/95          3.5            6.0           10            5.3           112           4.5            2.0           44
                  6/13/95          5.8            2.8           17                          50                           129           8.0


                Geom mean          5.0            7.0           7.4           3.4           34.2          2.5            45.9          11.3
                  Std. dev.        3.9            4.4           2.9           2.5           2.1-          4.6            3.4           3.7
                Paired t test         HT> LT                      LT> HT                        LT> HT                       LT> HT
                  results                n. s.                     P < 0.05                     P < 0.05                     P < 0.05



                Table 8. Effect of significant rainfall events on fecal coliform concentrations
                at sites in the classified area.


                                                              Source of data
                #Samples with:                 DPHS                 JEL                  Total

                Rainfall > 0.5"/48 h               8                   11                   19
                  FC > 43/100 ml                   4                   2                    6
                  FC < 43/100 ml                   4                   9                    13

                Rainfall 0-0.5748 h               46                  57                    103
                  FC > 43/100 nil                  3                   4                    7
                  FC < 43/100 ml                  43                  53                    96




                                                                              31




















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                                                        32































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                                                                        33





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                               Figure 6. Sewered Areas Within the Growing Area                                           37
















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                   Figure 7. Wastewater Treatment Plants Within the Great Bay Estuary



                                                38











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                                Figure 9B. Ebb current directional flow in Little BaY




                                                              41









              Figure 10. A map of the survey area showing classification resulting from the 1995 Sanitary
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                                                              42.



                                                                          M =Aprwix I"                            = = M = = M = 1=1

                                                                              PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY



       MAJIVLOT                    NAME                                ADDRE'SS                    FACILITIEWCOMMENTS                              INFOAVAILABLE,


       DURHAM


       12/5/02         MacLean                          180 Piscatagua Road                       Septic                             House built 1969
       12/8/02         Town of Durham                   156 Pisc@taqua Road                       Septic                             House built 1780
       12/9/08         Smith                            30 Mathes Cove Road                       Septic                             See Septic sheet
       12/9/09         Durnall                          26 Mathes Cove Road                       Septic                             House built 1967
       12/11/02        Poynter                          2 Langley Road                            Vacant    lot
       12/1 2_ Langley                                  off Langley Road                          Vacant    lot
       12/13/01        Langley                          247 Durham Pt. Road                       Septic                             House    built  1860,  Buffalo farm
       12/16/10        Casey                            12 Willey reek Road                       Septic                             House    built  1975
       12/16/11        Shafmasser                       10 Willey Creek Road                      Vacant    lot
       12/16/12        Shafmasser                       8 Willey Creek Road                       Septic                             House    built  1976
       12/16/13        Andrews                          50 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House    built  1976
       12/16/14        Penhale                          48 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House    built  1974
       12/17           McNeill                          44 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House    built  1969
       12/19           McNeill                          off Colony Cove Road                      Vacant    lot
       12/20           Benning                          36 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House    built  1975
       12/21           Beckwith                         34 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House    built  1950
       12/22           Auty                             32 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House    built  1961
       12/23/01        Thompson                         30 Colony ove Road                        Septic                             See Septic sheet
       12/24/01        Elms/Carlson                     26 Colony Cove Road                       Septic
       12/24/02        Nelson                           28 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             See Septic sheet
       12/24/03        Pierce                           24 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House built 1970
       12/25           Lohnes                           22 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House built 1976
       12 / 2 7- Cooley                                 20 Colony Cove Road                       Septic                             House built 1925
       12 / 2 8_ Langley                                Langley Isl nd                            Vacant    lot
       12/29           Barrett                          Bickford Island                           Vacant    lot
       19/13/6         Beckwith                         Durham Point Road                         Vacant    lot
       19/13/7         McPhee                           off Dame Road                             Vacant    lot
       19/13/8         Beckwith                         376 Bay Road                              Vacant    lot
      120/1            1 Hoginsk!                       1595 Bay Road                             ISeptic                           lHouse built 1950



                                                                                                 43







                                                                           PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


        20/2           Hancock                        591 Bay Road                             Septic                          House built 1960
        20/3/1         Bramante                       587 Bay    Road                          Septic,   uitar shaped pool     See Septic sheet
        20/3/2         Cheney-England Ltd.            569 Bay    Road                          Septic                          See Septic sheet
        20/3/3         Harriton                       583 Bay    Road                          Septic                          See   Septic sheet
        20/3/4         Perlman                        579 Bay    Road                          Septic,  Pool                   See Septic sheet
        20/3/5         Cheney-England Ltd.            575 Bay    Road                          Septic                          See Septic sheet
        20/7/2         Cheney-England Ltd.            off Bay Road                             Vacant   lot                    See Septic sheet
        20/7/3         Cheney-England Ud.             off Bay Road                             Vacant   lot
        20/7/4         State of NH                    off Bay Road                             Vacant   lot
        20/7/5         State of NH                    off Bay Road                             Vacant   lot
        20/7/6         State of NH                    off Bay Road                             Vacant   lot
        20/7/7         State of NH                    off Bay Road                             Vacant   lot
        20/8/1         Cochrane                       off Bay Road                             Septic                          House built 1964
        20/8/2         Danahy                         off Bay Road                             Septic                          House built 1968
        20/8/3         Randall                        off Durham Point Road                    Vacant   lot
        20/8/4         Ford                           433 Bay Road                             Septic
        20/8/7         Cochrane                       Lot #3 Bay Road                          Vacant   lot
        20/9/1         Congdon                        off Bay Road                             Septic                          See Sept c sheet
        20/9/2         Loomis                         367 Bay Road                             Septic                          See Septic sheet
        20/10/1        Rous                           64 Adams Point Road                      Vacant   lot
        20/10/2        Rous                           50 Adams Point Road                      Septic                          See Sept c sheet
        20/11/1        Von Briesen                    off Bay Road                             Septic                          House built 1720
        20/11/2        DeCampi                        55 Adams Point Road                      Septic                          See Sept c sheet
        20/12/1        Getchell                       off Durham Point Road                    Septic                          See Septic sheet
        20/12/3        Mills                          off Durham Point 14oad                   Septic                          House built 1955
        20/12/5        Rollins                        Stonehouse Farm                          Septic
        20/14/2        Kingman                        275 Durham     Point Road         - Septic                               House built 1850
        20/14/3        Valpey                         277 Durham     Point Road         - Septic                               See Sept c sheet
        20/14/4        Kingman/McDonough              281 Durham Point Road                    Vacant   lot
        20/15          Rosebud Real Estate Trus 283 Durham Point Road                          Septic                          See Sept c sheet
        20/16/1        Chase                          273 Durham     Point Road                Septic                          See Sept c sheet
        20/16/2        Whitaker                       271 Durham     Point Road                Septic,  camp                   Camp built 1960
        120/16/3       IChase                         1269 Durham    Point Road                Septic,  camp                   JCamp built 1952


                                                                                               44








                                                                      PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY



                                                                                                                       Camp built 1958
      20/16/4       Webb                          265 Durham Point Road                 Septic, camp
      20/16/5       Otis                          263 Durham Point Road                 Septic, camp                   Camp built 1960
      20/16/6       Chase                         267 Durham Point Road                 Septic                         See Septic sheet
      20/18         McIntosh                      Footman's Island                      Camp-n facilities


       NEWMARKET
      R1/12         Zuk                           11 Bayview Drive                      Vacant   lot
      R1/13         Cohen                         13 Bayview Drive                      Vacant   lot
      R1/14         Cohen                         15 Bayview Drive                      Septic                         House built 1970
      R1/15         Cohen                         17 Bayview Drive                      Vacant   lot
      R11/116       Cohen                         19 Bayview Drive                      Vacant   lot
      R1/17         Zuk                           21 Bayview    Drive                   Vacant   lot
      R11/18        Zuk                           23 Bayview Drive                      Vacant   lot
      R-1/16        Pardo                         25 Bayview    Drive                   Vacant   lot
                                                                                        Septic                         House built 191 0,@ Sep       redone
      R1/20         Fotiades/Moskoff              28 Bayview    Drive                                                                            ti@c r_     __1 979
      R1/21         Fotiades/Moskoff              26 Bayview Drive                      Septic                         Camp, built 1910, SepUc redone 1979
      R1/22         Zuk                           20 Bayview    Drive                   Septic                         House and septic put in 1970's
      R1/23         Zuk                           18 Bayview    Drive                   Vacant   lot
      R1/24         Atherton                      14 Bayview    Drive                   Septic                         House built 1951
      R1/28         Pitman                        12 Bayview    Drive                   Vacant   lot
      R1/29         Pitman                        10 Bayview    Drive                   Vacant   lot
      R11/30        Zuk                           8 Bayview Drive                       Vacant   lot
      R1/34         Pitman                        252 Bay Road                          Septic                         House built 1951
      R 1 /35       Popov                         246 Bay Road                          Vacant   lot
      R1 /36        Popov                         230 Bay.R ad                          Septic                         See Septic Sheet
      R1/37         Hatch                         210 Bay Road                          Septic                         House built 1960
      R1/38         Cheney-Smith                  200 Bay Road                          Septic in process              See Septic Sheet
      R1/38/4       Cheney-Smith                  15 Barberry Coast                     Vacant   lot
      R1/38/5       Cheney-Smith                  18 Barberry Coast                     Septic                         House built 1924
      R1/38/6       Cheney-Smith                  14 Barberry Coast                     Septic                         House built 1920
      R1/38/7       Southeast Bank                10 Barberry Coast                     Vacant   lot
      R1/38/8       Southeast Bank                6 Barberry Coast                      Vacant   lot
      JRI/39        Pearson                       Little Bay Road                       lVacant  lot



                                                                                        45







                                                                    PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY



       R1/40         Southeast Bank              Vols Island                          Vacantlot
       R2/36/1       White                       Lubberland   Drive                   Accessory buildings only
       R2/36/2       Moody Pt. Co.               2 Lubberland Drive                   Vacantlot
       R2/36/3       Moody Pt. Co.               3 Cushing Road                       Vacantlot
       R2/36/4       Moody Pt. Co.                511 Cushing Road                    Town sewer                    Condos
       R2/36/5       Moody Pt. Co.               5 Cushing Road                       Vacant  lot
       R2/36/6       Jay Howland Enter.          Cushing Road                         Vacant  lot
       R2/38         Jaferian                    5 Moody Pt. Drive                    Vacant  lot                   See Septic Sheet
       R2/40         Great Bay Trust             11 Moody Pt.    Drive                Vacant  lot
       R2/41         Germain                     15 Moody Pt.    Drive         - Septic                             House built 1979
       R2/41 A       Batt                        13 Moody Pt.    Drive         - Septic                             House built 1978
       R2/42         Davidson                    17 Moody Pt.    Drive         - Septic                             House built 1952
       R2/43/1       Weeks                       19 Moody Pt.    Drive                Septic                        See Septic Sheet
       R2/4,3/2      Chaves                      21 Moody Pt.    Drive                Septic                        See Septic Sheet
       R2/44A        Chaves                      23 Moody Pt.    Drive                Vacant  lot
       R3/36         Watson Estate of Wm.        81 New Road                          Septic                        House built 1790
       R3/41/2       Labonte                     117 New Road                         Vacant  lot
       R3/42         Beaudet                     131 New Road                         Septic                        See Septic sheet
       133/42A       Heald                       3L New Road                          Vacant  lot
       R3/43         Champagne                   off New Road                         Septic                        Camp built 1750
       R3/44         Hanrahan/Hamel              161 New Road                         Septic                        House built 1960


       NEWFIELDS
       201/4         Boston and Maine RR         Railroad trestle                     No facilities
       201/5         Hauschel                    on Squarnscott River                 Vacant  lot
       201/6         Cheney-Smith                on Squarnscott River                 Vacant  lot
       201/8         LeGault                     on Squarnscott River                 Vacant  lot
       201/9         Long                        Route 108                            Vacant  lot
       201/10        Williams                    Route 108                            Vacant  lot
       201/13        Laboute                     on Squamscott River                  Vacant  lot
       201/14        Rogers                      on Squam cott River                  Seasonal camp, no facilities
       201/15        Edgerley                    on Squams tt River                   Septic                        See Septic sheet
       1201/20      lGreat Bay Campground        IRoute 108                           ISeptic                      ISee Septic sheet


                                                                                      46







                                                                   PROPERTiES ON THE GREAT BAY


     201/23__Hayden                             Route 108                            Tree/horticultural crops       IHouse >800 it
     201/26        Chace                        Route 108                            Storage g rage, no facilities


     STRATHAM                                                                                                                                           ------
     3/37          NH Fish and Game             88 Rt 108                            Chapman'     Landing, Septic House     built 1940,50 ft
     3/39          NH Fish and Game             Rt 108                               Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh, Chapman's Lnd.
     3/40          Turnberry Condo.,   Inc.     142 Portsmouth Ave                   Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh, condo commonland
     3/41          Turnberry Condo.,Inc.        off Squamscott Road                  Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh, condo commonland
     3/42          Turnberry Condo.,Inc.        off Squamscott    Road               Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh, condo commonland
     3/43          Turnberry Condo., Inc.       off Squamscott    Road               Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh, on Squam. House Cr.-
     5/1           Batcheider            -off Squamscott          Road               Vacant   lot
     5/2           Wiggin                       off Squamscott Road                  Vacant   lot
     5/23          Crow                         off River Road                       Vacant   lot
     5/23/01       Harrington                   off Jason Road                       Camp, not used                 Outhouse approx.     150 it
     5/24          MacDougall                   1 Linda Lane                         Septic                         House >1000 ft
     5/25          Town of Stratharn            off Linda Lane                       Vacant   lot
     5/27/03       Brookside Condos             off Depot Road                       Garage   fo  storage only
     5/31          State of NH           -off Depot Road                             Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh
     5/32          Rue                          37 Depot Road                        Vacant   lot                   Saltmarsh
     13/23/36      Atlantis Realty Trust        Morning Star Drive                   Vacant   lot
     13/23/53      Dumbarton Oaks               off Dumbarton Oaks                   Vacant   lot                   Dumbarton Oaks commonland


     GREENLAND


     R13/5         NH Fish and Game             89 Depot Road                        Septic, NERR GB Center         See Septic sheet
     R13/8         Tessier                      90 Depot Road                        Vacantlot
     R13/9         Scofield                     off Depot Road                       Vacantlot
     R1 3/12       Brackett                     43 Great Bay Drive West              Vacantlot
     R1 3/13_ Defillipo                         66 Great Bay Drive West              Septic
     R1 3/14A      Strong                       60 Great Bay Drive West              Septic                         Septic about 15 years old
     R1 3/17       Schneider                    100 Great Bay Drive West             Septic,  camp
     R 13/1 8_ Snyder                           50 Great Bay Drive West              Septic,  camp
     R13/19        ILee                         13 Great Bay Drive East              ISeptic                        lHouse built 1992


                                                                                       47







                                                                     PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY



     R13/20         Brackett                     15 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic
     R 13/21        Hession                      off Great Bay  Drive  East            Septic
     Rl 3/22        Pinney                       21 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic                         Septic redone about 1985
     R 13/23        Digiovanni                   23 Great Bay   Drive East             Accessory building only
     R13/24         Digiovanni                   25 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic
     R 14/1         Brandes                      29 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic
     R14/2          Thomas                       33 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic
     R14/2A         Dixon                        31 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic
     Rl 4/3         Johnson                      37 Great Bay   Drive East             Septic
     R14/3A         MacTaggart                   35 Great Bay   Drive East             Septic                         House and septic about 1972
     R14/4          Bliss                        41 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic
     R14/5          MacTaggart/Johnson           35 Great Bay   Drive East             Vacant   lot
     R14/6          Portsmouth Savings Bk.       43 Great Bay   Drive East             Septic
     R 14/7, _ Myers                             45 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic                         See Septic sheet
     R14/8          Carter                       51 Great Bay   Drive  East            Septic,  camp
     R14/10         Moreau                       30 Bayridge Road                      Septic,  camp
     R 14 /11       Vickery                      24 Bayridge Road                      Septic,  camp
     R 14/12        Middleton                    28 Bayridge Road                      Septic
     R14/13         Weeks                        off Brackett's Pt. Road               Farm
     Rl 4/14        Brackett                     22  Brackett's Pt. Road               Septic                         Main house, camp septics 1930-1970's-
     R 14/18        Weeks                        667 Bayside Road                      Septic                         Main house, camp septics 1930-1960's
     R14/30         King                         32 Bayridge Road                      Septic                         See Sep@flc sheet
     Rl 4/32        Wohlgethan                   22 Bayridg Road
     R15/2          Beck                         632 Bayside Road                      Septic,  p ol                  Horse farm
     R15/5          Town of Greenland            off Bayside Road                      Vacant   lot
     Rl 5/10        McCarthy                     7 Meloon Road                         Septic
     R 15/19        Underwood                    off Meloon Road                       Septic
     Rl 5/20        Town of Greenland            off Meloon Road                       Vacant    lot                  Saltmarsh
     R 15/21        Town of Greenland            off Meloon Road                       Vacant    lot                  Saltmarsh
     Rl 5/22        Town of Greenland            off Meloon Road                       Vacant    lot                  Saltmarsh
     R15/23         Town of Greenland            off Meloon Road                       Vacant    lot                  Saltmarsh
     Rl 8/1         NH Waterfowl Assoc.          Backland                              Vacant    lot
     Rl 8/3         Town of Greenland            Backland                              Vacant   lot



                                                                                         48






                                                                                     PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY



       R18/9            Wick                                4 Bayview Terrace                             Septic                                See Se tic sheet
       Rl 8/10          Wentworth                           2 Bayview Terrace                             Septic                                See Septic sheet
       R 18/1 1_ Westley                                    18 Bayshor Drive                              Septic                                See Septic sheet
       R 18/12          Mayer                               13 Fairview Terrace                           Septic
       R 18/13          Fay                                 5 Fairview Terrace                            Septic                                See Septic sheet
       R 18/14          Zwolinski                           2 Fairview Terrace                            Septic                                See Septic sheet
       R18/28           Sanderson                           off Bayshore Drive                            Vacant     lot                        Saltmarsh
       R18/29           Sanderson                           off Bayshore Drive                            Vacant     lot                        Saltmarsh
       R18/30           Sanderson                           off Bayshore Drive                            Vacant     lot                        Saltmarsh
       R 18/31          Sanderson                           off Bayshore Drive                            Vacant     lot                        Saltmarsh
       Rl 8/34          Hughes                              110 Tide Mill Road                            Vacant                                Current use
       R21/1 5          Ports. Country Club                 80 Country Club Ln.                           Septic
       R22/1            Smith, Rev.Trust                    125 Newington Road                            Dairy Farm
       R22/3,           Emery                               161 Newington Road                            septics, 2 homes                      See Septic sheet
       R22/4            White                               201 Newington Road                            Vacant
       U10/8            Pickerings Brook        Ltd.        27 Pickering Brook Drive                      Vacant     lot
       U10/9            Pickerings Brook        Ltd.        26 Pickering Brook Drive                      Vacant     lot


       NEWINGTON


       1 /1             Town of Newington                   Fox Point-all                                 Vacant     lot
       1/2              Butler                              Goat Island                                   Vacant     lot
       4/1              Eames                               371 Fox Point Road                            Septic                                See Septic sheet
       4/2              Lembcke                             385 Fox Point Road                            Accessory      buildings only
       4/3              Blevins                             397 Fox Point Road                            Septic                                House built 1968
       4/4              Vinciarell!                         off Fox Point Road                            Septic                                See Sep@hc sheet
       9/2              Ackerley                            325 Fox Point Road                            Septics, 2 residences _ See Septic sheet
       9/3              Lamson                              71  Little  Bay   Road                        Vacant     lot
       9/4              Lamson                              42  Little  Bay   Road                        Septic                                House built 1949,            1 001t
       9/4A             Lamson                              42  Little  Bay   Road                        Vacant     lot
       9/5              Lamson                              50  Little  Bay   Road                   - Septic.                                  House built 1963,          20 ft
       9/6              Mahoney                             off Little  Bay   Road                   - Septic                                   House built 1930, 10011
       19/7             Lamson                              140 Little  Bay   Road                        iSeptic                               ISee Septic sheet



                                                                                                            49







                                                                                    PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY


      9/8               Lamson                              off Little Bay Road                            Vacantlot
      9/9               Lamson                              off Little Bay Road                            Vacantlot
      15/1              Witham                              80 Little Bay Road                             Septic                               See Septic sheet
      15/2              Bowser                              84 Little Bay Road                             Septic                               See Septic sheet
      15/3              McGee                               104   Little Bay    Road                       Septic,  Pool                        Seasonal, b1t. 1966, 100 ft
      15/4              Lane                                108   Little Bay    Road                       Septic                               See Septic sheet, Seasonal
      15/5              Davis/Perkins                       112   Little Bay    Road                       Septic                               House built 1930
      15/6              Trefethen                           116   Little Bay    Road                       Septic                               House built 1970, 100 it
      15/7              Russell                             148   Little Bay    Road                       Septic                               House built 1975, 100 ft
      1518              Hill                                168   Little Bay    Road                       Septic                               See Se tic sheet
      15/10             Cabrera                             136   Little Bay    Road                       Vacant    lot
      15/11             Cabrera                             136   Little Bay    Road                       Septic                               House built 1960
      22/3              Smith                               30 Gundalow Landing Circle                     Septic                               See Septic sheet
      22/4              Ross                                40 Gundalow Landing Circle                     Septic                               See e tic sheet
      22/5              Beswick                             44 Gundalow Landing Circle                     Septic                               See Septic sheet
      22/6              Purohit                             52 Gundalow Landing Circle                - Septic                                  House builtl 985,         100 ft
      22/7              Parkinson                           4 Brickyard Way                                Septic                               See Septic sheet
      22/8              Eichler                             151 Little Bay Road                            Vacant    lot
      22/13 _Myers                                          188 Little Bay Road                       - Septic                                  House > 700 ft
      23/31             Wolf                                34 Welsh Cove Drive                            Vacant    lot
      23/32             Hazelton                            44 Welsh Vove. Drive                      - Septic                                  See Septic sheet
      23/33             Frink                               251 Little Bay Road                            Vacant    lot
      29                Pease
      35                Pease
      40                Pease
      41                Pease
      45                Pease
      46                Pease
      47/1              Thomas                              509 Newington Road                             Septic                               House built 1790
      49                Pease
      50/1              Beals                               162 Fabyan Point Road                          Septic                               See Septic sheet
      50/2              Drinkwater                          off Fabyan Point Road                          Septic, cottage                      House built 1930
       151/1            Field                               395 Newington Rocad                            Vacantlot


                                                                                                           50







                                                                   PROPERTIES ON THE GREAT BAY



      51/2 _Upson                               425 Newington Road                   Septic                        See Septic sheet
      51/2A         Smith                       405 Newington Road                   Septic                        See Sep ic sheet
      51/3 _Hodgdon                             off Newingt n Road                   Septic                        House built 1840
      51/4          Bullock                     73 Fabyan Point Road                 Seoc                          House built 1970
      53/5          Baird                       316 Newington Road                   Septic                        House   built 1945
      53/6          Mazeau                      315 Newington Road                   Septic                        House   bIt. 1670, ren. 1958
      53/7          Mazeau                      315 Newington Road                   Vacant  lot
      53/8          Thomas                      349 Newington Road                   Septic                        -House  built 1900
      53/9&9A       Berounsky                   off Swan Island Lane                 Vacant  lot
      53/11         Connors                     381 Newington Road                   Septic                        House   built  1971
      53/12         Welch                       385 Newington Road                   Septic, Pool                  House   built  1974
      53/16         Berounsky                   off Swan Island Lane                 Septic                        See Septic sheet
      55/1          lWhite                      75 Newington Road                    IVAcantlot                    I



























                                                                                     51







                                                                   SEPTIC SYSTEM INFORMATION






          MAP/LOT APPROVAL TYPE PERC TANK FIELD                     SOIL TYPE        W.T. ESHWT I EDGE DISTANCE TO                   COMMENTS
          NUMBER         DATE     BDRM WIN GAL          SO FT                        IN    IN       IN      SURFACE H20


          DURIJAM


          12/9/08        3/80     4             1500    1520     1 BUXTON            120   24       120         100 FT
          12/13101       4/91     1      9      1000    405      HOLLIS-CHARLTON N:)       24       N:)         IGO FT      1 BR APT OVER GARAGE
          12/13/01       2/93     NA     24     1250    1350     HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        22       NA          > 75 FT
          12/16/10       2/74     4      18     1000    880      BZB                 NA    NA       NA            NA
          12/16/12       11/72    4      55     1 GOO   1600     BUXTON              30    NA       27          > 75 FT
          12/16/13       8/71     3      40     900     840      1BUXTON             NA    NA       72          150 FT
          12/16/14       10/74    3      50     900     930      BUXTON              NA    NA       NA          > 75 FT
          12/17          6/71     3      45     1000    900      BUXTON              NA    NA       NA            NA
          12/23/01       6/70     2-2BR 5       2-100(500        HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        NA       NA          135 FT
          12/24/02       11/87    3      8      11000   450      BUXTON SILT LOAM NA       135      72          110 FT
          20/2           6/09     NA     NA     1000    600      NA                  NA    NA       NA          130 FT
          20/3/1         11/82    4      5      1000    800      FINE SANDY LOAM     NA    20       61          > 100 FT
          20/3/2         9/91     6      2              NA       BUXTON-SCANTIC      23    NA       20          100 FT      **2 TANKS-1500,2500 GAL
          20/3/3         6/80     4      9      1000    640      HOLLIS CHARLTON     NA    20       36            NA
          20/3/5         5/80     3      20     -1000   1340     BUXTON              20    11       NA          > 75 FT
          20/7/2         5/92     4      20     11500   1170     HOLLIS CHARLTON     NA    23       30          100 FFT
          20/8/4         5/82     2      30     1000    875      BU)(TON             36    36       63
          20/8/6         5/91     7      7      2000    1940     -BUXTON             NA    18       74          > 125 FT
          20/9/1         10/79    4      20     1000    1790     BU)CrON             NA    13       NA          140 FT
          20/9/2         12/93    4      8      1000    1000     1 HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA      NA       NA          >75 FT
          20/10/1        4/83     3      20     1000    1125     HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        16       16          90 FT
          20/10/2        4/83     4      6      1000    901      HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        29       29          180 FT
          20/10/2        5/93     4      20     1500    900      HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        16       16          180 FT
          20/11/2        5/93     4      20     1500    900      HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        18       18          150 FT
          20/12/1        7/82     2      14     1000    650      HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        NA       48          >110 FT
          20/14/3        7/85     3      6      1000    480      HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA        41       72          >350 FT




                                                                                    52







                                                                                  SEPTIC SYSTEM INFORMATION



           20/15             6/84       4        20       1000 760            HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA               12          48             >75 FT
           20/16/1           2/90       3        14       1000 576            HOLLIS-CHARLTON NA               20          40             100 FT





           NEWMARKET
           R1/36               12/92 2           8        1000      NA        CHATFIELD H&C            MO.     5           N.O.
           R1/38                 8/94 4          12       1500      756       40B SHAPLE IGH GL 2 4            36          72             100 FT
           R2/38               10/94 4           12       1600      720       460B PENNICHUCK          0       20          48             75 FT
           R2/40                 2/923           132      1250      832       BUXTON                   MO.     12          NO.            125 FT
           R2/43-1               6/90 3          a        1000      480       CHATFIELD HOLLIS N.O.            RO.         N.O.           >75 FT
           R2/43-2               8/88 3          14       1000      576       Fill                     Ro.     N.O.        N.O.           100 FT
           R2/44A                6/87 3          14       1000      576       Hh                       N.O.    N.O.        N.O.           100 FT
           R3/42                 8/88 3          20       1000      704       CHATFIELD H&C            NO.     84          Ro.            128 FT


           NEWFIELDS                                                I
           201/15              12/84                      NO SEPTIC INFO                                                                  75 FT
           201/20                3/86                                                                                                     300 FT         Septic for 95 Campsites
                                                                                                                                                        Approval        102934
           GREENLAND
           R13/5                 5/94   open     6        1050      1125      WINDSOR                  NA      NA          NA             75 FT          Sandy Point Discovery Ctr.
           R14/7                 2/923           60       1500      800       BUXTON/SCANTIC           20      14          No.            75 FT
           R14/30              10/783            NA      INA        975       NA                       NA      NA          NA             150 FT
           R14/32              12/803            28       1000      1500      Gc                       U0.     NA          NA             100 FT
           R18/9                 7/884           6        1000      1540      38B                      60      28          N.O.           75   FT
           R 18/10               7/84   3        20       1000      373       Ta                       60      172         N.O.
           R18/11                8/84            12       1000 NA             Ea/Ta                    NA      32          NA             75 FT
           R18/13              10/833            3        1000      NA        Ea/Ta                    NA      24          NA             75 FT
           R22/3               11/93             8        2-150(2800          1 460C PENNICHUCK 2 5            30          NA             100 FT
           R22/3               11/93             8        1500 1000           460C PENNICHUCK 24               31          NA             100 FT
                                        5-2BR

                                        4


           NEWINGTON





                                                                                                     53








                                                               SEPTIC SYSTEM INFORMATION



         4/1             10/78 2      2.5    1000 430       WF                 NA    NA       NA         >100 FT
         4/4             12/77 3      2.5    1000 700       w                  NA    60       NA         100 FT
         9/2              7/703       <3     1000 NA        Hc                 120   NA       120        100 FT
         9/2              7/802       3      NA      500    Hc  Hinkley        NA    NA       NA         150 FT
         9/7             11/91 3                                                                         >175 FT    App., # 189804
         15/1                  3                                                                                    App. # 139885
         15/2             3/91 4                                                                         100 FT     App.#   179328
         15/4             3/84 4                                                                         100 FT _ App. # 107746,    Replaced
         15/8             6/71 3      <1     1000 140       Sandy clay         U0. NA         no.        120 FT
         22/3             4/85 5                                                                                    App. #  120352
         22/4             8/854                                                                                     App. #  124481
         22/5             8/854                                                                                  - App.  #  125221
         22/7             8/874                                                                                     App. #  138020
         28/32            6/944       2      1600 750       26A Windsor        NO.   172      N.O.       150 FT
         50/1             3/762                                                                                     App. #  52678
         51/2            10/93 3
         51/2A            7/923                                                                                     App. #  191478
        15 /16           10/91 3                                                                                    App. #  189535

















                                                                             54

















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            PROPERTY        MAP INDEX                                                                        '-I,    E     T     9
                      T11" 11
      STRATHAM
   4CDCKlrlJG"AkM CC:)Ur4-T-',,'. N.".
                          191
                SE-ILL CO.Pty. OLO TOWF4. MAINg.                                            55




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                                                          56







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                                      PROPERTY MAP
                              GREENLAND                                                                            IN[
                                      NEW HAUnHIRE






                                             Appendix B
                                          State of -New Hampshire
                                                                      
                              DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

                                  6 Hazen Drive. P,0. Box 95, Concord. NH 03302-0095
      
                                       603-271-3503 FAX 603-271-2867
               NHDES
                                          TDD.Access: Relay NH 1-800-735-2964
                                                             May 19, 1995




              Andrea Tomlinson
             Jackson Estuarine Laboratory
             85 Adams Point Road
             Durham, NH 03824-3427

             RE: Pitman Property, Newmarket, NH

             Dear Ms. Tomlinson:

                  in response to your April 25 letter, a joint site inspection of
             the Pitman property was conducted on the morning of May 3, 1995, by
             DES personnel and the Town of Newmarket Health Officer. The property
             owner, Stanley Pitman, was present.

                  A luxuriant patch of grass was observed leading downslope from
             what may be a septic system, toward a freshwater pond. While this
             could be indicative of a failed septic system, no moisture or odor was
             discerned at time of our inspection. Hence, it could not be concluded
             at the time that a septic system was in a state of failure (reference:
             definition of septic system failure in RSA 485-A:Z IV.)

                  inspection of the pond's shoreline revealed tunnels or burrows
             possibly made by muskrats or other warm-blooded animals. As such
             animals generate fecal coliform (as do ducks) we feel it is possible
             for wild life to be the source of the bacteria you encountered.

                  Mr. Pitman commented that his commercial septic system had been
             "corrected" some time ago. This may been by relocation since some old
             sewage piping was observed near the pond and if done since July 1,
             1967, needed prior state approval. we do not find any approvals under
             Pitman.


                  We suggest that the area be reinspected from time to time by you,
             by the Town, and by DES with a view to determine whether or not any
             septic system is failing. Once failure can be determined, enforcement
             may be effected jointly by the Town of Newmarket and DES.

                  if you have any questions, please respond to the address shown
             for the Water Supply and Pollution Control Division.

                                                             Sincerely,
                                                               
                                                             Kenneth J. MacDonald
                                                             Subsurface   Systems Bureau

             KJM/drt
             cc:  Kenneth Sherwood, HO, Newmarket
                  Dennis Plante, DES



      AIR RESOURCES DIV.       WASTE MANAGEMENT DIV.   WATER RESOURCES DIV.     WATER SUPPLY & POLLUTION CONTROL DIV,
      64 No Main Street        6 Hazen Drive           64 No. Main Street       P.O. Box 95
      Caller Box 2033          Concord. N.H. 03301     P.O. Box 2008            Concord. N.H. 03302-0095
      Concord,NH 03302-2033    Tel. 603-271-2900       Concord NH 03302-2008    Tel. 603-271-3503                                                                                   
      Tel 603-271-4370         Fax 603-271-2456        Tel. 603-271-3406        Fax 603-271-2181
	Fax 603-271-1381                                 Fax 603-271-6588                                 59










                                                  Appendix C

                   Analysis of the Potential Impact on the Growing Area of a Contaminated
                            Wastewater Plume Originating at the Durham VVWTP




                 One of the areas identified as    needing additional information following
                 review of the Draft Great Bay Sanitary Survey was the potential effect of an
                 upset, or release of non disinfected water from the Durham WWTP on the
                 sanitary quality of Little Bay and Great Bay. To this end, the following
                 documents were reviewed: a 1972 Masters Thesis from UNH entitled The
                 Hydrography of the Oyster River EstngrZ an extensive dataset accumulated
                 over a two year period for nutrient concentrations in the Oyster River; a
                 study conducted in 1994 on transport and dilution of nutrients from the
                 Durham WWTP.
                 Of the documents reviewed, the most helpful was The Hydrography of the
                 Oyster River Estuary. and most of the following analysis is based on the
                 measurements, calculations and modeling conducted for that study.

                 Any particle released in the river at point x as the tide begins to ebb, will
                 travel to a downriver point x1 before the tide reverses and causes the particle
                 to travel in the opposite direction on the flood tide. Since the net seaward
                 transport is the difference between the net inflow (calculated at 6 cm/sec)
                 subtracted from the net outflow (calculated at 8 cm/sec), the particle will
                 travel out of the estuary at a net speed of 2 cm./sec. As determined in the
                 above referenced hydrographic study, total flushing time calculated for the
                 Oyster River is 90 hours under low flow conditions, 80 hours under average
                 flow conditions, and 50 hours under high flow conditions. Flushing time is
                 defined as the the amount of time required for a slug of water originating at
                 the head of the river (i.e. the Mill Pond Dam, a distance of 5 km from the
                 mouth of the river) to be completely transported out of the mouth of the
                 river.  This definition takes into account vertical tidal mixing, with
                 significant dilution occurring during each flood tide. If we were to consider a
                 release of untreated sewage at the treatment plant, which is located
                 approximately 3.3 kilometers from the mouth of the river and apply the same
                 flushing rates, it would take 45 hours under average flow conditions before
                 some of this water mass reached the mouth of the Oyster River. In 45 hours,



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                  this slug will have been diluted and dispersed by nearly four complete (high-
                  low-high) tidal cycles. To look at it more conservatively, we can assume that
                  there is no vertical mixing, and that the net seaward transport is 8 cm/sec
                  rather than 2 cm/sec. Using this figure, a slug of untreated sewage would
                  begin to reach the mouth of the Oyster River in 11.4 hours, or approximately
                  one complete tidal cycle (high-low-high). Once at the mouth of the river at
                  high slack tide, this water mass would follow ebb currents outward into Little
                  Bay (toward the Sullivan Bridge). Net seaward transport has not been
                  calculated for this section of the bay, however, we can assume that this water
                  mass would make some progress outward before the tide reverses and carries
                  the contaminated slug back toward the Oyster River mouth and, of course of
                  interest to us, the portion of Little Bay included in our recent survey. It
                  would therefore be another full tidal cycle before contaminated water could
                  enter the survey area. By this time, (18-24 hours following the release of the
                  untreated sewage) the slug of water will have been diluted by three flood
                  tides. Based on the tidal prism in the Oyster River, and an average discharge
                  volume of 2.55 x104 m3, the cumulative volume of the river at low tide was
                  calculated to be 1.2 x 106 m3, and the high tide volume of 3.7 x 106 m3. In
                  liters, these volumes translate to 1.2 x 109 and 3.7 x 109 Liters respectively,
                  with a tidal prism of 1.5 x 109 liters. Daily average effluent volume in the
                  Oyster River is = 1.2 MGD of continuous flow. If untreated sewage were
                  released for a four hour period, this would result in a release of .2 million
                  gallons of untreated sewage. If we apply a theoretical concentration of 2
                  million fecal coliforms per 100 ml of effluent, the total release would amount
                  to a release of 1.48 x 106 Liters with a concentration of 200,000 fecal coliforms
                  per liter. This dilution factor for the first tidal cycle, if we assume mixing
                  with only the amount of water contributed by the tidal prism, would be 1.5
                  X109/1-48 x 106 = 1.01 x 103 or approximately a factor of 1000, resulting in a
                  plume concentration of 200 fecal coliforms /liter. The plume will have
                  traveled downriver from the plant a distance less than the total distance to
                  the mouth of the river before the tide reverses, pushing the effluent plume
                  back upriver towards the dam. The flooding tide would result in further
                  mixing of the plume with another volume which is at minimum equal to
                  the average tidal prism of 1.5 x109 liters. If we assume that the concentration
                  of the river water at low tide (before the flood tide begins) is 200 fc/liter, and
                  the low tide volume of the river is 1.2x 109, dilution and mixing of this
                  volume would be greater than 2 to 1, (1.5 to 1.2), resulting in a concentration
                  of 95 fc/liter or 950 fc/100ml. At this point in time (slack high tide) the plume



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                 is now at the mouth of the Oyster River, continuing to mix with waters of
                 Little Bay as it flows outward toward the General Sullivan Bridge. This area
                 of Little Bay is characterized by turbulent mixing, resulting in a great deal of
                 dilution of the plume as it travels in the ebb tide waters. The potential for
                 portions of this now diluted plume affecting the growing area will depend on:
                 1) The contaminant concentration of the trailing edge of the plume on the
                 falling tide as it exits the Oyster River
                 2) The amount of dilution of the plume in Little Bay and the amount of
                 dilution of the plume by the tidal prism of the subsequent flood tide
                 a) _ The portion of the plume that is moved into the portion of Little Bay
                 extending south from the Great Bay Sanitary Survey boundary line (Fox Point
                 to the Southern Shore of the Oyster River)
                 4) The time between the turn of the tide (18 hours after the upset) and the
                 time it takes for the plume to potentially impact the growing area. The
                 minimum would be 18 hours following the upset, though it is more than
                 likely between 20 and 24 hours.
                 5) The amount of additional dilution that the plume undergoes as it travels
                 southward into the survey area in Little Bay

                 The answers to these questions may not be necessary at this point. A very
                 conservative outlook was used estimating the time for the plume to reach the
                 mouth of the river (11.5 hrs). The dilution of the plume as it travels through
                 Little Bay (based on a estimate of the low tide volume in the section of Little
                 Bay from the mouth of the Oyster River to Cedar Point is roughly 15 times
                 the high tide volume of the Oyster River. Given the turbulent mixing in this
                 area, the plume would be diluted 15 parts to 1 during the outgoing tide,
                 resulting in a concentration of 63 fc/100 ml in when the tide begins to flood at
                 hour 18. Given this scenario, and if no decay coefficient is applied to the
                 bacteria, it is possible for some contamination (at the 63 fc/100 ml
                 concentration) to reach the survey area 18 to 24 hours following an upset at
                 the Durham WWTP. The concentration of the contaminant plume would
                 therefore realistically be <63 fc/100 ml, and could potentially be less that the
                 water quality standard of 14 fc/100ml. Recommendations for additional work

                 are:
                 1) Research additional hydrographic information that may potentially be
                 available from either Tom Ballestero at UNH or Mike Marsh at Region I EPA.
                 2) Request that Dr. Cellikol and Dr. Swift of UNH run a Wasp Model on the
                 Oyster River
                 3) Run the CORMIX model (version 3.1) for a single port diffuser for the
                 Oyster River


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               If all of these options fail to provide reliable answers, a dye release study could
               be conducted as part of the NEP project.



               REFERENCES


               Shanley, G.E. 1972. The Hydrography of the Oyster River Estuary. Master's
               Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire. June,
               1972.


               Jones, S. H. and R. Langan. 1994. Land Use Impacts On Nonpoint Source
               Pollution In Coastal New Hampshire Watersheds. Final Report to the NH
               Coastal Program, NH Office of State Planning. July 1994.































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