[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]





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                                    ASSESSING COASTAL
                                DEVELOPMENT ALONG

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                                                   HORELINE:
                                                               1992


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                                              William R. Niedzwiedz
                                           Department of Public and
                                               Environmental Affairs

                           w,
                                                         -Green Bay
                                   University of Wisconsin














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                r the Wisconsin
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                    July 1995












          Acknowledgements

             FUNDED IN PART BY THE WISCONSIN COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

          Financial assistance for this ResearchIStudy Project was provided
          by the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended,
          administered by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
          Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
          pursuant to grant INA37OZO349 and the WISCONSIN COASTAL
          MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.

          THE WISCONSIN COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAX, part of Wisconsin
          Department of Administration, and overseen by the WISCONSIN
          COASTAL MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, was established in 1978 to preserve,
          protect and manage the resources of the Lake Michigan and Lake
          superior coastline for this and future generations.



                                  The Project Team

          This project required coordination and completion of several
          steps including map documentation, photo preparation, photo
          interpretation, digital area/linear measurement and data sheet
          preparation. The following students worked as a team to help
          complete this project.

             Brentt Michalek
             Christopher Hanrahan
             Shawn Reed
             Wendy Zareczny
             Christopher Wazny
             John Rafferty
             Cheryl Schulz
             Lori Pasterski
             Tom Marchant



          Invaluable help was provided by Karen Katers to coordinate
          preparation of the manuscript and project data sheets, and to
          manage student employment records. Her contribution deserves
          special recognition as part of the project team.

          Also, a special thanks is made to the U.S. Army Corps of
          Engineers who allowed access to the aerial photos used in this
          project.












                                        TABLE OF CONTENTS


           INTRODUCTION     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            1


           PROJECT GOALS    *


           STUDY AREA     . . . . . . . . . . .                                        1

           PROaECT METHODS o     . . . . . . . .                                       3
               Aerial Photography . .      .  oo  o                                    3
               Project Aerial Photos       .  oo  .          . . . . . . .             4
               Photo Preparation . o       o  .o  o             o o  o . . . . . .     4
               Aerial Photo Interpretation      (API)   . . . .   o  . 0               5

           CLASSIFICATION SCHEME      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          5
               Residential Land    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           5
               Commercial and Industrial Land       . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        6
               Industrial Land     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           7
               Transportation Land . *        * , * * * *  * ,  , *  , * * *  * *  ,   7
               Extractive Land Use      . . . . . . . . . . .                          8
               Agricultural and Natural       Land  . . . . . .                        8
               Open and Other Land      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           10
               Shoreline Modification      . . . . . . . .   4  a .  0 0 0 0  * 0     10
               Structures - Industrial,       Commercial and Residential      . .     11
           -@TkE PHOTOINTERPRETIVE PROCESS     . . . . . .      . . . . . . .

           MEASUREMENT OF AREA, LINE AND POINT        TYPES  LOCATED   WITHIN THE
               COASTAL ZONE    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            12


           TALLY OF DATA    . . . . .                                  . . . . .      12


           LIMITATIONS AND SOURCES OF ERROR                                           13
               Photo Scale and Enlargements                                           13
               "Leaves-On" Versus "Leaves-Off" Aerial              graphy . . .       14
               Stereo Versus Photographic Coverage                                    14
               Incomplete Photo Coverage       . . . . .
               Missing Photo Coverage                                                 15
               Location of 10001 Coastal Zone Boundary          . . . . . . . .       15
               Lack of Beach Type in Classification         Scheme                    15
               Positional Changes to the Shoreline: Natural vs. Urban
                   Development   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            16

           RESULTS - ASHLAND COUNTY        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          17
               Residential Land    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                      17
               Commercial Land     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                      17
               Industrial Land     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            17
               Transportation Land      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           17
               Extractive Land     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            18
               Agricultural and Natural       Land  . . . . . . . . . . . . .         18
               Open and Other Land      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           18
               Shoreline Modifications        . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         18
               Results by Community     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           18
                   City of Ashland    . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .          18
                  Town of Sanborn     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           19











                      RESULTS               BAYFIELD, COUNTY                   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                 2 1
                            Residential Land                      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                        :11
                            Commercial Land                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                        21
                            Industrial Land                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                        21
                            Transportation Land                            . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   21
                            Extractive Land                       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                        22
                            Agricultural and Natural                                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                              2 2
                            Open and Other Land                            . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   :12
                            Shoreline Modifications                                                                                                              22
                            Results           by    Community              . . .                                                                                 22
                                   Town       of    Barksdale              . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   22
                                   City       of    Bayfield               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   23
                                   Town       of    Bayfield               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   24
                                   Town       of    Bayview           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      214
                                   Town       of    Bell          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                        25
                                   Town       of    Clover            . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      2-5
                                   Town       of    Eileen            . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      11.116
                                   Town       of    Orienta           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      12 16
                                   Town       of    Port Wing              . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .                                                   27
                                   Town       of    Russell           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      27
                                   City       of    Washburn               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   12 8

                      RESULTS - DOUGLAS COUNTY                                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                 .3 0
                            Residential Land                      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                        30
                            Results by Community                           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   3.1
                                   Town       of    Cloverland,                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                   Town       of    Lakeside               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...                                               31
                                   City       of    Superior               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                   :11: 2

                      RESULTS - IRON COUNTY                           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                      34


                      REFERENCES                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                                  1! 5
                      APPENDIX I - Ashland County Data Sheets .,                                                  . . . . . . . . .                              -,:I!)            I
                      APPENDIX II                   Bayfield County Data Sheets                                   . . . . . . . . .                              47

                      APPENDIX III                    Douglas County Data Sheets                                  . . . . . . . . .                              73

                      APPENDIX IX                   Iron County Data Sheets                              . . . . . . .                  o o                      83

                      LIST OF FIGURES
                            Figure 1. Coastal Counties of Lake Michigan and Lake
                                   Superior              . . . . o                 o . . . o                      o o o o o o o o o o                              2

                      LIST OF TABLES
                            Table 1. County Results                                of Linear Accuracy Tests                                                      3.05









                    Assessing Coastal Development Along Wisconsin's
                            Great Lakes Shoreline: 1978 - 1992

                 Coastal Management Program Contract No. 840005-501.15

                                        INTRODUCTION

                The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program mission includes
           developing an understanding of change along the state's Great
           Lakes shoreline. Such change, of course, can be natural or
           human-based. This study was undertaken to document natural and
           human-based development within the coastal zone of the state"s
           Lake Michigan and Lake Superior shorelines. The Wisconsin
           legislature has defined coastal zone as land within 1,000, (304.8
           meters) of the shoreline (Ordinary High Water Mark - OHWM).
                Future coastal zone planning and risk assessment
           requirements defined the types of data to be collected.
           Assessment of risk to structures built in the coastal zone
           requires a temporal analysis of structural development and
           shoreline modification(s). Planning of the coastal zone
           requires, as well, determination of the natural resource base.
           This study utilized U.S. Army Corps of Engineers historic color
           aerial photographs taken in 1978 and 1992. Study of the Lake.
           Michigan coastal zone utilizes available 1978 and 1992 photos.
           However, only 1992 photos were available for the Lake Superior
           segment of the study.
                Readers should note that any references made below to 1978
           photos refer only to the Lake Michigan portion of the coastal
           zone.
                This report documents both the original and amended contract
           to assess natural and developmental change within the coastal
           zone of Wisconsin's Great Lakes shorelines. Although the
           original contracted work was interrupted to include elements of
           the amended contract, no attempt will be made in this report to
           keep separate original vs. amended objectives, procedures or
           results. Goals of the amended contract include and expand those
           of the original.

                                       PROJECT GOALS

                Planning and assessment of hazards     within the coastal zone
           defined the goals of this study. Within the Lake Superior
           coastal zone, project goals included:
              - Development of a land use database for 1992
              - Development of a 1992 database of human modification of the
                 shoreline
              - Development of a database of built structures-for 1992.

                                         STUDY AREA

                The project study area comprises the Wisconsin portion of
           the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior coastal zone (Figure 1). In
           1982, the Wisconsin state legislature defined coastal zone as
           being that land within 1,000 feet (304.8 meters) of lake





















                                       ,X,








                                          . . . . . . . . . .













                                                                                  MARINE=




                                                                               MOM          DC@R J




                                                                                          KEWAUNEE







                                                                                     MAHJrrO





                                                                                    SHIEB



                                                                                      7UKEE




                                                                                  RACINE


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                 Figure 1. Coastal Counties of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior
                                                                                        WAUIIII
                                                                                  KEN @E
                                                                                       HA









          shoreline. Accordingly, the study area represents a 1,0001 wide
          zone, the landward boundary of which is parallel to the
          coastline.


                                  PROJECT METHODS

          Aerial Photography

              Using aerial photos to assess coastal development requires
          clear statement of goals, appropriate definition of coastal zone,
          meaningful classification scheme, appropriate historical and
          current aerial photos, appropriate interpretation procedure and
          method of documentation, and trained personnel.
              Application of aerial photography to assess urban and
          natural resource features is documented well (Smith, 1968; Avery
          and Berlin, 1985; Lo and Noble, 1990; Ciciarelli, 1991; Boge et
          al., 1992; Hinckley and Walker, 1993). Specific applications to
          urban/human activities cover a wide range including urban
          nonpoint pollution assessment (Kim and Ventura, 1993), gully
          erosion analysis (Welch et al., 1985), historical analysis of
          urban development into coastal wetlands (Niedzwiedz and Batie,
          1984), identifying structural additions to urban residential
          property (Niedzwiedz, 1990), and studying agricultural land use
          (Marsh et al., 1990).
              Aerial photos have been used to map archeological sites,
          urban features, and to document changes to the landscape (Smith,
          1968). MacConnell (1975) reports the use of black and white
          aerial photography (scale 1:20000) to map 20 years of land use
          change within the state of Massachusetts, including the coastal
          zone. As part of a larger Great Lakes study, the International
          Joint Commission (1993) used 1:24000 scale photos to map land use
          features along the Berrien County, Michigan segment of the Lake
          Michigan shoreline. Results of the photo analysis were used to
          assess residential riparian erosion/recession rates caused by
          fluctuating water levels.
              Wisconsin's coastal zone includes diverse land use, from
          forests and wetlands, to land devoted to agricultural or urban
          uses. The uses of aerial photos long have been applied to study
          such land uses. Befort And Viliman (1985) studied aerial photos
          to classify forest habitat. McCarthy et al. (1982) evaluated
          spruce-fir forests to aid management. Wetlands analysis is
          possible with aerial photos of appropriate format, scale and
          seasonal timing. Scarpace et al. (1981) used digitized aerial
          photos to map wetlands, while Ferguson et al. (1993) and Barrett
          and Niering (1993) have monitored sawgrass habitat and marsh
          vegetation change using aerial photos.
              Extensive use of aerial photography has been directed at
          coastal resources. Scherz and Van Domelsen (1973) used aerial
          photos to help assess water quality in Lake Superior near Duluth,
          Minnesota. Numerous studies have been made with aerial photos to
          aid management of coastal resources (Benton et al., 1978; Hill et
          al., 1985; Norton et al., 1985; Welch et al., 1992), to address

                                          3









           change in coastal wetlands (Lyon and Greene, 1992), and to
           examine urban development into coastal wetlands (Niedzwiedz and
           Batie, 1984)

           Project Aerial Photos

                In 1978, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) obtained
           panchromatic color aerial photos of the Wisconsin portion of tha
           Lake Michigan coastline. In 1992, USACE obtained color aerial
           photo coverage of the Wisconsin portion of both Lake Superior and
           Lake Michigan coastlines. Both the JL978 and 1992 photos were
           flown at a scale of 1:6000 (111 = 5001) and enlargements made at
           1:2400 (111 = 20011). The 1978 photos were taken April 16*. The
           1992 photos were flown May 13'h.
                Unlike most historical aerial photos covering the same area
           and flown at the same scale, the USACE photos of 1978 and 1992
           were not flown with coincident photo centers or coverage. No
           individual flight lines were documented for the 1978 photos.
           Beginninc at the Michigan bord
                   .1                     er, the 1978 photos were taken
           incrementally to the Illinois border. Photos are documented with
           the photo date and photo number on the northern edge of each
           photo.
                Flight lines were documented for the 1992 photos. The
           northern edge of each 1992 photo displays the photo date, flight,
           line and photo number.
                Both the 1978 and 1992 photo contact prints (1:6000) were
           flown to produce stereo coverage of the coastline. Adjacent
           photos overlap (endlap) about 60% with each other. The enlarged
           photos (1:2400) available for this study represent every other
           photo contact print, therefore, only photographic, not stereo
           coverage, is provided by the enlarged photos. Approximately
           1,800 photos (1:2400) cover Wisconsin's Lake Michigan shoreline,
           900 for each flight year. About 1,200 photos covering the
           shoreline from Marinette to Sheboygan are on file at the Green
           Bay office of USACE. The Waukesha office of USACE has on file
           about 600 photos covering the shoreline from Sheboygan to the
           Illinois border. About 460 1992 photos cover the Lake Superior
           shoreline. These photos are on file at the Two Harbors,
           Minnesota office of USACE.

           Photo Preparation

                Photos used in this study are owned by USACE. As a result,
           all photo documentation and interpretive work was applied to
           acetate affixed to each photo. Preparing photos for
           interpretation included the following:
              1. Affix label and document photo number/flight line, photo
                 date and Public Land Survey System (PLSS) information.
              2. Mark photo fiducials (orange ink). Fiducials allow the
                 registration of acetate overlays to the photos, if
                 required.


                                            4









             3. Mark control points (orange ink). Typically these points
                are road intersections and/or buildings, stable objects
                that could be referenced against controlled maps for future
                mapping applications.
             4. Locate and mark interpretation boundary lines (black ink).
                These lines are used to denote a common boundary between
                adjacent photos. Land use interpretive lines end at these
                boundary lines, which eliminates redundant interpretive
                work.
             5. Locate, mark and label PLSS section lines (red ink).
             6. Locate, mark and label civil boundary lines (green ink).
             7. Locate and mark 1,0001 coastal zone boundary line (blue
                ink). A divider was used to scribe a line 10001 away and
                parallel to the line defined by land meeting water. In
                cases where large streams entered Lake Michigan, a straight
                dashed line was drawn to represent a continuation of the
                shoreline.
             8. Locate and mark top of bluff, and bottom of bluff if
                slumpage is evident (black ink). In practice, these lines
                were not drawn until the shoreline portion of the
                classification scheme was applied to the photos. Refer to
                the section Photointerpretive Process (page 11) for
                additional discussion.

          Aerial Photo Interpretation (API)

               The landscape within the coastal zone can represent a
          complex mix of natural to urban uses. The land use
          classification scheme developed for this study addresses the
          complexity of Wisconsinfs coastal zone. The scheme is a
          modification of the scheme developed by the International Joint
          Commission (1993) and includes the general use categories of
          residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, extractive,
          agricultural, natural, open land and other uses. Land uses have
          been measured by area (acres, hectares). Structures per land use
          have been located and marked for spatial reference. Structures
          are tallied by type for 1992.
               Modification of the shoreline also has resulted. Sea walls,
          revetments, groins and permanent docks have been constructed.
          Sea walls and revetments are linear types. Their interpretation
          and measurement are presented in feet (meters). Groins and docks
          were counted.


                                CLASSIFICATION SCHEME


          Residential Land

               All residential areas include infrastructure to service the
          area. Boundary p@acement is made to separate residential areas
          by type. No attempt is made to distinguish roads/streets from
          the residential'areas they serve. This convention is true for
          other classification types as well.

                                          5









          111. Multi-Family: Medium to High Rise. Large residential
               structure of five (5) or more stories. Access roads,
               parking areas, open space and recreational facilities
               associated with the structure(s) would be included in the
               type.

          112  Multi-Family: Low Rise. Large residential structures up 'to
               four (4) stories. Access roads, parking areas, open space
               and recreational facilities associated with the structure(s)
               would be included in the type.

          113  Sinc
                   Fle Family, Duplex. Structures large and small used for
               residential use. The type includes lawn, landscaped areas,
               garage and driveways. Duplex structures are identified by
               twin driveways or a very wide driveway leading to an
               architecturally balanced structure.

          115 Mobile Home Park. Residential area developed exclusively
               for mobile units.

          Commercial and Industrial Land

               Commercial land includes three (3) types: central  business
          district; shopping center/mall; and, neighborhood business
          district. Each type includes all building structures, access
          roads/streets, parking facilities and other features commonly
          associated with each type.

          121  Central Business District (CBD). Commercial land
               predominantly used for distribution or merchandizing of
               goods and services. Stores, hotels, office buildings,
               parking facilities and smaller warehouses constitute the
               components of this type. The CBD spatially is tight,
               vegetation is rare.

          122  Shopping Centet/Mall. These commercial areas have developed
               away from the CBD. The type includes both "strip" type
               development and malls. Structures can range from large,
               flat roofed and rectangular (centers) to large,
               geometrically shaped. Both types include large parking
               areas adjacent to or completely surrounding the commercial
               structures.

          124  Neighborhood Business District (NBD). This type denotes
               small commercial areas within, or adjacent to residential
               areas. The type may be found in established or newer
               subdivision areas. NBD structures can range from
               conventional architecture to unusual geometric shapes.
               Small parking areas are associated with NBD commercial
               areas.





                                          6









          126  Institutional Land. The type reflects areas devoted to
               public or quasi-public uses. Examples include schools,
               churches, hospitals, prisons, etc., and their associated
               "grounds," green space, landscaping and parking facilities.
               When located within the CBD, public buildings without
               "grounds" often cannot be identified on aerial photos and
               would be classified as commercial (121).

          Industrial Land

          138  Industrial Park. The type includes both heavy and light
               industrial use areas.
                 Heavy industrial land contains facilities for the
               manufacture, storage and assembly of raw or partially
               processed products such as machinery, metals, chemicals,
               petroleum, or electrical power. Such industries often have
               large smokestacks and large storage areas. Warehouses and
               transportation facilities for bulk products and an open and
               interrupted street pattern characterize this type.
                 Light industrial land contains facilities for the
               manufacture or assembly of smaller, partially processed
               products such as electronics, appliances, and other
               secondary process products. Large smokestacks or raw
               material storage facilities are never present. Many modern
               light industries are well landscaped and are
               indistinguishable from commercial activity on aerial
               photographs.

          Transportation Land

          141  Air Transportation. Includes areas with airports and
               associated facilities, landing strips, hangers, parking
               areas and adjacent open areas.

          142  Rail Transportation. This type includes railyards, terminal
               freight and storage facilities as well as stations for
               passengers. The type may include liquid storage facilities
               such as tank farms.

          143  Water Transportation. This designation is applied to
               several water-based areas, including docks, warehouses and
               related land-based facilities for water transportation and
               commercial fishing. The type includes, as well, public
               marinas and their associated facilities: boat slips,
               buildings and parking areas.

          143.1  Private Marina. Boat mooring areas adjacent to
                 residential land are designated as private marinas. often
                 such areas include a protected slip(s), dredged waterway,
                 and/or a permanent docking structure built into the
                 waterway.


                                            7









          143.2 Public Boat Landing. This type is applied to boat
                 launching areas. Typically, facilities include only a
                 ramp(s) from which boats may be launched and parking
                 areas.

          144  Divided Highway. This type includes transportation
                   idors with median strips between lanes. Typically, such
               corri
               roads are four or more lanes wide. Local streets are not
               included in this type.

          145  Communications. Facilities and structures devoted to
               communications. These include radio/television towers,
               lighthouses and their grounds, buildings and parking areas.

          146  Utilities. This type includes facilities for the production
               and distribution of energy. Such areas can include large
               buildings, towers, roads/parking facilities and, in the case
               of coal fired plants, large piles of raw coal.

          147' Sewage Treatment Plant. Buildings, treatment lagoons,
               parking areas, access roads and grounds are included in this
               type.

          148  Landfill. Landfill sites used to bury garbage define this
               type. Landfills cover an extensive area and are dominated
               by large excavated areas, mounds of exposed soil and access
               roads.


          Extractive Land Use

          171  Open Pit. The type represents open pit mining areas for
               extraction of sand, gravel, stone or rock. The type
               includes access roads and any structures.

          172  Underground Mine. Mining of underground resources via shaft.
               extraction. Surface features captured on aerial photos
               would be limited to small structures and access roads.

          173  Well. Features associated with wells are limited.
               Identification of wells using only aerial photos is
               difficult.

          179  Other Extractive Uses.

          Agricultural and Natural Land

          181  Abandoned Field (AF). These are agricultural units
               reverting to wild land. Woody vegetation and grass are
               abundant but tree crown cover is less than 30%. If tree
               crown cover were greater than 30%, the land would be
               classified as forest.



                                          8









          182  Agriculture Active (AG). Tilled or tillable crop land which
               is or recently has been intensively farmed. The boundaries
               on the ground usually are sharply defined and well.
               maintained. The land supporting farm buildings is included
               as part of this type.

          183  Forest (F). Areas of forest, deciduous, coniferous or
               mixed, having canopy closure of at least 30%. Areas with
               less than 30% canopy closure are classified as abandoned
               field.

          184  Heath (H). Areas of heath plant community as well as grass,
               shrubs, and other low vegetation found on poor sandy soils.

          185  Open Water (W). Areas of open wate 'r found in lakes, rivers
               and large streams. Water depth is greater than three feet
               during the growing season. The boundary of coastal water is
               located by drawing a line at the river mouth to connect the
               edges of the coastline, or man-made features like roads,
               railroads or bridges crossing rivers or inlets are used to
               establish such a line.

          186  Rock Ledge (RL). Rock outcrop areas at the coastline or
               within the coastal zone. Such outcrops are common in Door
               County.

          187  Slump Zone (SL). Land located between upland bluff and
               beach. Slump zones begin at the bluff line and slope down
               to thebeach.

          188  Wetland (WT). This type covers the full spectrum of
               wetlands. These include seasonally flooded flats, shrub
               swamps, meadows, bogs, shallow and deep marshes, and
               forested wetlands. Each is described below.
                 Seasonally flooded basins or flats occur principally on
               stream floodplains. The most common plants are grasses and
               herbaceous species. The soil is waterlogged or covered with
               water during spring freshets, but well-drained during the
               growing season.
                 Shrub swamps often have waterlogged soil during the
               growing season, as much as six (6) inches of water may be
               present. Vegetation types include elder, buttonbush,
               dogwood and willow. Sedges usually are present in tussocks.
                 Meadows are vegetated with grasses, rushes and sedges.
               Soils are waterlogged through most of the growing season.
               Surface water is present only for a short period during the
               spring.
                 Bogs are unique wetland types that support a distinctive
               plant community, including most of the following: heath
               shrubs, cranberries, pitcher plants and sedges. Scattered
               black spruce, tamarack and red maple may be present. A mat
               of sphagnum moss is the most common feature of bogs.

                                          9










                  Shallow marsh is wetter than meadow. The soil is
                completely waterlogged and often covered with up to six
                inches of water during the growing season. The predominant
                vegetation is emergent, including such plants as cattails,
                bulrushes, burreed, pickerelweed and arrowhead with some
                grasses and sedges present. The type is common to open
                water bodies.
                 Deter) marsh has water depth ranging from six inches to
                three feet. Fairly large open water areas are bordered     by,
                or interspersed with, emergent vegetation like that found in
                shallow marsh. Floating and submergent plants such as water
                lilies, duckweed, watershield and pondweeds also are
                present.
                 Forested Wetlands. This type represents areas of moist to
                saturated soil covered by forest. canopy. The type is
                difficult to identify without stereo photography and,or with
                I'leaves-on" photography.

          Open  and Other Land

          191   Outdoor-Public Assembly

          192   Urban Open Lots. Urban open is undeveloped land lying idle
                in the midst of urban areas or adjacent to them. This type
                includes land which has been cleared for urban development
                of an unknown use.

          193   Outdoor Recreation. outdoor recreation types are either
                mainly for participation, mainly for spectators, or are
                environmental in character. Each recreational type includes
                the recreational complex: access roads, parking facilities,
                buildings and other related facilities.

          194 Cemeteries

          Shoreline Modification

                Development along the lakeshore often means modification at,
          or near, the shoreline. Land along the lakeshore is exposed to
          significant erosional forces. Recession of land mass is common.
          Agricultural and urban land uses destabilize shoreland, in effect
          accelerating erosion and land recession. To protect real estate
          and property, many property owners have constructed walls or
          revetments along their shoreline. Some owners also have built
          non-flow--through docks at the shoreline to provide mooring and
          protection for their boats. Groins, large rock structures
          perpendicular to the shoreline, have been built along Wisconsin's
          Lake Michigan shoreline.

          195 Sea Walls (V 195 V). These structures are built parallel
                to the shoreline and typically are well defined, linear


                                           10










              features. Construction materials can include concrete, wood
              or interlocking sheet steel.

          196 Revetments (V 196 V). Large rock or slab structures built
              parallel to the shoreline. Interpretively, revetments are
              less well defined, and appear wider than do sea walls.

          197 Groins ( * (red] ). Groins are large rock   structures built
              perpendicular to the shoreline into the water. Except for
              their distinct orientation and placement, groins appear
              similar to revetments.

          198 Non-Flow-Through Dock      (blue]     Such docks are
              permanent structures built into near-shore waters.
              Typically these docks are straight, their upper surface wide
              and well defined.

          Structures - Industrial, Commercial and Residential

              On the 1992 photos, buildings within the coastal zone are
          classified by type and location. Using a template of rectangles,
          for each building, a rectangle is selected that best represents
          the area of the building's "footprint." The selected rectangle
          then is positioned so that the leading edge of the building
          (relative to the shoreline) is located. Green ink was used to
          represent commercial/industrial/institutional buildings while red
          ink was used for residential buildings.

                           THE PHOTOINTERPRETIVE PROCESS

              After photo preparation, each photo was interpreted using
          the classification scheme defined above. Area (land uses),
          linear (shoreline modification) and point (urban structures,
          groins, docks) types are represented in this study. Lines and/or
          symbols were used to define all types. Area types are
          represented by perimeter boundary lines and symbols to define and
          identify the areas. Line types representing modification to
          natural shoreline were defined using both lines and symbols. All
          area and line type symbols are recorded in black ink. Point
          types are defined by symbols and colored ink (see above).
              Modifications to the shoreline, such as sea walls or
          revetments, are delineated by placing (painting) the IV' symbol
          at the beginning and end of the modification. The type of
          modification is represented by placing the appropriate number
          between the IV' symbols. For example, 195 positioned between two
          IV' symbols means that a sea wall-has been built along this
          section of shoreline. Shoreline classification was conducted
          before land use so that land use boundary lines placed along the
          shoreline would not 'hide' shoreline information.
              Groins and non-flow-through docks were defined by point
          symbols (see above). In both cases, the symbol was placed at the
          point where the structure meets land. As discussed above, for









          1992, buildings also were classified using point symbols. The
          delineation of buildings represents the last API procedure.

                         MEASUREMENT OF AREA, LINE AND POINT
                        TYPES LOCATED WITHIN THE COASTAL ZONE

               AreEL types (land use polygons) and line types (shoreline
          modification) measurements were made using the hardware/softwariB
          facilities of the GIS Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Green
          Bay. Photo acetate overlays were affixed to large-format
          dig-itizers and each land use polygon digitized along the
          perimeter. Measurements recorded in square inches were converted
          to acres/hectares. Line measurements (in inches) of shoreline
          modifications were made using digitizers as well. Linear inch
          measurements were converted to linear feet/meters for each type
          of modification.
               Point types (groins, structures) simply were tallied by
          count for each type. The area covered by each acetate was broken
          into civil jurisdiction and PLSS section designations**
          Measurements (above) were separated by civil and PLSS
          designations as well, and documented permanently on each acetate
          overlay.

                                    TALLY OF DATA


               Measurements recorded on each photo acetate were transferred
          to data sheets. Three (3) levels of data sheets were used: PLSS
          Section Data; Civil Jurisdiction Summary Data; and County Summary
          Data (Appendix).
               PLSS-Section Data Sheet: One (1) PLSS Section Data sheet
          was used for each section located on a photo/acetate. Generally',
          1-2 PLSS sections are located on a photo, however, up to four (4)
          sections per photo were recorded. Section level data sheets
          record photo documentation including photo year, photo number,
          county and community(ies) covered, and complete PLSS section
          location., Also recorded were number of residential, commercial,
          industrial and institutional structures (1992), area of land use!
          by type, linear distance of sea walls and revetments, and the
          number of groins and non-flow-through docks.
               Civil Jurisdiction Summary Data Sheet: This tally sheet
          summarizes the data for all PLSS section sheets found within each
          township, village or city. The sheet records photo year, county,
          name of civil jurisdiction, a complete listing of PLSS sections
          included in the summary, as well as all land use, shoreline and
          structure count data discussed above.
               County Summary Data Sheet: The County Summary sheet
          summarizes all data for the towns, villages and cities located
          within the county. Documented information includes photo year,
          county name, an alphabetical listing of all civil jurisdictions
          within the county, and a summary of all land use, shoreline and
          structure count data reported on Civil Jurisdiction Summary Data
          sheets.


                                          12











                          LIMITATIONS AND SOURCES OF ERROR

              The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers contracted for aerial
         photography of the Wisconsin portion of the Lake Michigan
         shoreline on April 21, 1978 and May 19, 1992, and of the Lake
         Superior shoreline on May 28, 1992. All sets of photos are
         1:6000 scale and panchromatic color, however, the 1978 photos are
         "leaves-off" while the 1992 photos are "leaves-on."
              copies of the original stereo photos (1: 6000 scale) were not
         available for this study. Insteadl enlargements (1:2400 scale)
         of the original photos were borrowed from Corps district offices
         in Green Bay and Waukesha, Wisconsin and Two Harbors, Minnesota.
         The enlargements provided photographic coverage only, not stereo
         coverage. Normally, for a project of this magnitude, photos
         would have been taken to meet the specific objectives of the
         study. The enlarged photos used for this project present
         limitations and introduce error beyond what would be reported
         with original photos flown specifically for this study.
         Limitations and errors associated with the photographs used are
         discussed below. Also presented below is discussion regarding
         methodological inconsistencies.
              The following discussion of Limitations and Sources of Error
         is presented in an attempt to provide the reader a basic
         understanding of the issues. Any section of the discussion could
         apply to any of the results reported below. The Results sections
         of this report present findings without any comprehensive attempt
         to explain anomalies within, or between, the photo study years
         (1978 and 1992).

         Photo Scale and Enlargements

              All vertical aerial photographs not ratioed (enlarged or
         reduced to a common average scale) or rectified (common tilt/tip
         corrected to a horizontal reference plane) inherently are scale
         inaccurate. The original USACE photos (1978 and 1992) were not
         ratioed or rectified, therefore, their scale varies relative to
         topographic changes of the coastal zone, tip/tilt of the camera
         and changing elevation of the camera (aircraft). Enlargements of
         the original photos simply accentuate the inaccuracies found on
         the original photos.
              Area and linear measurements taken off of the USACE enlarged
         photos reflect the inaccuracies inherent in those photos. Simple
         tests of shoreline distances for numerous PLSS sections along the
         shoreline were conducted to establish linear accuracies of the
         photos. USGS topo sheets at 1:24000 scale were used to establish
         base shoreline distance measurements against which photo (1978
         and 1992) shoreline distance measurements could be compared. For
         Lake Michigan no systematic errors were detected for the 1978
         photos. However, only one (1) of 21 tests of the 1992 photos
         varied in the positive direction from USGS measurements. The
         remaining 20 tests varied in the negative direction and ranged
         from -0.8% to -13.1%. The range of error for 1978 was -5.3% to

                                         13









          +9.6%; While the range of error for 3.992 was -13.1% to +1.9%.
          Without a test of error for each photo used, there is no means to
          judge the direction or the amount of error relative to statistics
          associated with each photo. However, given the range of error
          found for the 1978 and 1992 photos, it is possible that 1,000
          acres (405 ha) (actual) of coastal zone area could be reported    as
          1,096 acres (444 ha) in 1978 and 869 acres (352 ha) in 1992, a
          227 acre (92 ha) difference.
               Accuracy tests of 1992 Lake Superior photos indicate a rancle
          of error of -4.0% to 2.6% and a mean error of -0.73%. Of the
          nine (9)- tests made, six (6) were negative (below USGS map
          estimates) while three (3) were positive (see Table 1, page 16).

          "Leaves-On" Versus "Leaves-Off" Aerial Photography

               There are distinct advantages and disadvantages of both
          "leaves-on" and "leaves-off" aerial photography. However, given
          the goals of this project, the 1978 "leaves-off" photography
          offers important advantages over the 1992 ".leaves-on"
          photography. Vegetation in leaf can hide the details of built
          structures, including buildings and shoreline modifications.
          Roads can be hidden under tree crowns, as well as portions of
          lots landscaped and managed as residential.land. Leaved canopies
          increase the effect of shadows.. Shadows mask ground, understory
          and structural information leading to inaccurate interpretation.
          Land uses and/or structures hidden under the canopy of vegetation
          or masked by shadows can be underestimated in area, length or
          count. Land use types particularly affected (underestimated) aze
          single family residential and wetland.

          Stereo Versus Photographic Coverage

               Botli the 1978 and 1992 photo sets were taken to capture
          stereo (3-D) coverage of the Lake Michigan coastal area. This
          means that adjacent photos overlap approximately 60%. Stated
          another way, 60% of the shoreland area located on one photo also
          is located on an adjacent photo. The shoreland common to
          adjacent photos is "seen" from two different perspectives which
          allows stereo viewing (using a stereoscope).
               The enlarged photos borrowed from USACE for this study
          represent photographic coverage only, or every other photo takerl
          of shoreland. While photo (2-D) coverage at large scales can be
          used to interpret accurately many land use types (agricultural
          and most urban land), the lack of stereo viewing makes difficult
          the identification of wetland types and the exact location of
          bluff lines. Stereo viewing generally would have increased the
          interpretive accuracy of most land use, structural and shoreline
          features..







                                           14










         Incomplete Photo Coverage

              For this study, the coastal zone is defined as a 10001 strip
         of land adjacent and parallel to the shoreline. occasionally,
         photo coverage did not include all shoreland within 1000, of the
         water. As a result, total land area is underrepresented, the
         exact land use types not covered are not known. In such cases,
         the area* not captured on a particular photo was estimated by
         reference and comparison to coverage photos of the other flight
         year (Lake Michigan coastal zone only).

         Missing Photo Coverage

              occasionally, photo coverage was missing from the USACE
         photo library. In such cases, as described above, coverage area
         missing was estimated by reference to photos of the other flight
         year. However, the exact land use types and shoreline features
         not represented on photos remain unknown.

         Location of 10001 Coastal Zone Boundary

              On each photo set, 1978 and 1992, a boundary line was drawn
         representing the 10001 coastal zone parallel to the shoreline.
         This line was located by scribing a landward line parallel to the
         line.defined by the shoreline (where water meets land). The -I'
         landward extent of 'the boundary line is a function of shoreline
         location, which in turn, is dependent on the water elevation of
         Lake Michigan. USACE (1978, 1992) reports that in April of 1978
         Lake Michigan water elevation was about 578.4 feet (176.3 meters)
         @nd about 579.16 feet (176.5 meters) in May, 1992. The nine (9)
         inch difference in water elevation, while seemingly
         insignificant, could have shifted substantially landward the
         shoreline in extremely low slope beach or mud flat areas. The
         result of such a shift would be inclusion of inland areas NOT
         included in the 1978 coastal zone.

         Lack of Beach Type in classification Scheme

              The width or extent of beach is dependent on slope of an
         area and water elevation. Since changes in the area of beach
         likely would reflect more the differences in 1978 and 1992 water
         levels (9 inches higher in 1992) than actual losses/gains-due to
         erosion or development, no beach type was included in the study.
              The lack of a beach type does affect measurement of area
         within the 10001 coastal zone. The landward extent of the
         coastal zone is 10001 from the shoreline. Any beach area lies
         between the shoreline and the base of the bluff, however area
         measurements of land use types were made only for those types
         lying between the base of the bluff and the interior boundary of
         the coastal zone. In most cases, beach strips represent only
         about five (5) acres per photo.









           Positional Changes to the Shoreline: Natural vs. Urban
           Development

                 As discussed above, the landward extent of the 1000f coaStZL1
           boundary is dependent on the location of the shoreline. Natural.
           changes to shoreline position include both water elevation and
           erosion/deposition of soil. Filling of coastal waters to
           accommodate urban development artificially changes shoreline
           location. In such cases, not only does the shoreline move
           "offshore," the interior coastal zone boundary line shifts toward
           the water. This "shift" in coastal boundaries skews area
           measurement. For example, in 1978 assume the coastal zone in an
           area to be all residential and that by 1992 100 acres of lake
           water is filled to develop commercial land. A I'lakeward" shift
           in the location of the shoreline will. occur due to the land
           filled for commercial use. However, this "shift" in the
           shoreline created by the filled commercial site also will result
           in a shift toward the water of the interior coastal zone
           boundary. The effect of the latter shift will be that 100 acres
           of residential land will not be included as part of the 1992
           coastal zone. In such a case, the "raw" statistics misleadingly
           suggest that 100 acres of residential land use were eliminated to
           make room for 100 acres of commercial use.


                    Table 1. County Results of Linear Accuracy Tests

                    Percent Deviation From USGS Base Map Measurements

                                                            .1992
                                                       Enlarged Photos
                                                           (1:2400)

                      Ashland County
                          Odanah                            -0.2%
                          Ashland                           -3.4%


                      Bayfield County
                          Ashland                           +2.6%
                          Bayfield (a)                      +1.1%
                          Bayfield (b)                      -4.0%
                         .Cornucopia                        -0.5%
                          Port Wing                         -1.5%

                      Douglas County                        -3.3%

                      Iron County                           +2.6%



                               Mean                         -0.73%

                               Range                   -4.0% to 2.6%

                                               16












                                RESULTS - ASHLAND COUNTY

                Ashland County communities lying within the Lake Superior
          coastal zone include the township of Sanborn and the city of
          Ashland. The area measured within the coastal zone of Ashland
          was 3,222 acres (1,305 ha).
                Statistical summaries for Ashland County and all communities
          included in this study are located in the Appendix.      Summary
          data sheets present land use types by area, 1992 structural
          counts by type, shoreline modification types by length, and a
          count.of shoreline structures by type. Data were collected at
          the PLSS section level. The section level data sheets are not
          included in this report.

          Residential Land

                Within the coastal zone of Ashland County, 710 residential
          structures were,identified on 201 acres (81 ha) of land. This
          total includes 417 residential units (single family or duplexes),
          174 detached garages, 112 sheds and (7) mobile homes. Since the
          1992 photos are "leaves-on," these numbers likely underestimate
          the actual number of structures and area devoted to residential
          uses.


          Commercial Land

                Commercial land  represented 124 acres (50 ha) in 1992.
          within the coastal zone area, 99 structures were located in the
          central business district while 118 structures were of the type
          neighborhood business district. Eight (8) institutional
          structures also were recorded on 11.2 acres (4.6 ha) of coastal
          zone area. Land devoted to CBD covered 28 acres (11.4 ha) while
          land devoted to neighborhood business covered 85 acres (34 ha).

          Industrial Land

                Industrial land covered 57 acres (23 ha) of coastal zone on
          which were located 27 structures.

          Transportation Land

                Thirty-nine (39) structures were located on 99 acres (40 ha)
          of land in 1992. Of the total area were 10.3 acres (4.2 ha) of
          rail transportation, 9.8 acres (4 ha) of private marina (14
          structures), 33 acres (13.4 ha) of highway, 28 acres (11.2 ha) of



                'Area figures used in the Results discussion reflect totals
          (not rounded) reported on the original tally sheets. Figures
          presented on the tally sheets found in the Appendix of this
          report have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

                                            17









           utility (18 structures), 6.2 acres (2.5 ha) of sewage treatment
           facility, and (5) acres (2 ha) of landfill area.

           Extractive Land

                No extractive land uses were recorded within the coastal
           zone.


           Agricultural and Natural Land

                Agricultural and natural lands covered 2,705 acres (1,096
           ha) Of the coastal zone in 1992, or 84% of all coastal zone area.
           Of total coastal zone area were 103 acres (42 ha) of abandoned
           field, 1,333 acres (540 ha) of forest, 246 acres (100 ha) of
           heath, 22:6 acres (91 ha) of open water, 24 acres (9.5 ha) of
           slump zone, and 774 acres (314 ha) of wetland.

           Open And Other Land

                A total of 35 acres (14 ha) were identified within this
           type, on which 13 structures were located. Open/other land
           included 2.8 acres (1.1 ha) of outdoor-public assembly (2
           structures), 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) of urban open lot, and 28 acres
           (11.3 ha) of outdoor recreation (11 structures).

           Shoreline Modifications

                ostensibly, sea walls and revetments are used to protect
           shorelines from erosion. In 1992, 5,375 feet (1,639 m) of sea
           wall and 13,343 feet (4,068 m) of revetment were documented along
           the county's shoreline. Additionally, (7) groins and (3) non-
           flow-through docks were identified.

                                   Results by Community

           City of Ashland

                The area of coastal zone located within the city of Ashland.
           was measured at 719 acres (291 ha). A total of 880 structures
           were identified within the city's coastal zone.
                In 1992, 581 residential structures were located on 143
           acres (58 ha) of land. Most of these structures (337) were
           single family or duplex units. Seven (7) structures were
           identified as mobile homes. Other structures associated with
           residential use included 159 detached garages and 78 sheds.
                A total of 124 acres (50 ha) of land was devoted to
           commercial use, on which 225 structures were located. CBD
           covered 28 acres (11.4 ha) and included 99 structures. Land
           devoted to neighborhood business district covered 85 acres (34
           ha), on which 118 structures were observed. Eight (8)
           institutional structures were identified on 11.2 acres (5.6 ha)
           of land.


                                             18










                Industrial land within the city's coastal zone totaled 57
          acres (23 ha) and included 27 structures.
                Land use types within the transportation category covered 96
          acres (39 ha). A total of 34 transportation structures were
          located within the coastal zone. Transportation types observed
          included rail transportation (10.3 acres (4.2 ha]), water
          transportation (3 acres (1.2 ha]), private marina (9.8 acres (4
          ha] - 14 structures), public boat landing (1 acre C.4 ha]),
          highway (33 acres [13.4 ha]), utility (28 acres (11.2 ha] - 18
          structures), sewage treatment (6.2 acres (2.5 ha] - (2]
          structures), and landfill (5 acres (2 ha]).
                No extractive areas were observed within the city's coastal
          zone.
                Agricultural and natural areas covered 265 acres (107 ha) or
          36.8% of total coastal zone area. Land use types within this
          category included 79 acres (32 ha) of abandoned field, 147 acres
          (59 ha) of active agricultural land, 15 acres (6 ha) of open
          water, and 23 acres (9.3 ha) of wetland.
                Within the open/other land use category, 12 structures were
          observed on 35 acres (14.1 ha) of land. Land use types within
          the category include 2.8 acres (1.3 ha) of outdoor-public
          assembly ([2] structures), 4.5 acres (1.8 ha) of urban open lot,
          and 27.5 acres (11.1 ha) of outdoor recreation (10 structures).
                In 1992, 4,453 feet (1,358 m) of sea wall were documented
          along the shoreline of the city. Revetment structures were built
          along 11,316 feet (3,450 m) of shoreline. Other structures
          observed along the shoreline included six (6) groins and three
          (3) non-flow-through docks.

          Town of Sanborn

                The coastal zone of Sanborn consisted of 2,502 acres (1,013
          ha) and included 135 structures. Most of the town's coastal zone
          (97%) consisted of agricultural and natural cover types.
                Residential land within the town's coastal zone covered only
          57.5 acres (23.3 ha). A total of 129 structures were located on
          residential land, including 80 single family or duplex units, 15
          detached garages and 34 sheds.
                No commercial, industrial or extractive use types were
          observed within the town's coastal zone.
                Transportation land covered 3.4 acres (1.4 ha) and consisted
          of two types: public boat landing (1.1 acres C.4 ha]) and
          communications (2.3 acres C.9 ha]) - (5) structures).
                As stated above, 97% of Sanborn's coastal zone was covered
          by land use types of the agricultural and natural category.
          Types observed included 24 acres (9.6 ha) of abandoned field,
          1,187 acres (481 ha) of forest, 246 acres (100 ha) of heath, 211
          acres (85 ha) of open water, 23 acres (9.2 ha) of slump zone and
          751 acres (304 ha) of wetland.
                Open/other land consisted only of .53 acres (.2 ha) of
          outdoor recreation ((1] structure).
                Modifications to the town's shoreline consisted of 922 feet

                                             19




                                                                                 1
          (281 m) of sea wall and 2,027 feet (618 m) of revetment. One (1)       1
          groin was, observed.
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 i
                                                                                 i
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 11
                                                          1                      1
                                         20
                                                                                 I
                                                                                 I












                              RESULTS - BAYFIELD COUNTY

               Bayfield County communities lying within the Lake Superior
          coastal zone include the townships of Barksdale, Bayfield,
          Bayview, Bell, Clover, Eileen, Orienta, Port Wing and Russell,
          and the cities of Bayfield and Washburn. The area measured
          within the coastal zone of Bayfield County was 9,813 acres (3,974
          ha). over 93% of the county's coastal zone consisted of land
          cover types of the agricultural and natural lands category.
               Statistical summaries for Bayfield County and all
                                                                         2
          communities included in this study are located in the Appendix.
          Summary data sheets present land use types by area, 1992
          structural counts by type, shoreline modification types by
          length, and a count of shoreline structures by type. Data were
          collected at the PLSS section level. The section level data
          sheets are not included in this report.

          Residential Land

               Within the coastal zone of Bayfield County, 1,304
          residential structures were identified on 384 acres (156 ha).
          This total includes 804 residential units (single family or
          duplexes), 202 detached garages, 276 sheds, (9) mobile homes and
          (7) low-rise multi-family units. Over 98%, 378 acres (153 ha) of
          all residential land was covered by the type single family or
          duplex.

          Commercial Land

               Commercial uses covered 73 acres (30 ha) of the coastal
          zone. A total of 143 commercial structures were observed. Types
          identified included 65 acres (26 ha) of neighborhood business
          district (135 structures) and 8.3 acres (3.4 ha) of institutional
          land (8 structures).

          Industrial Land

               Industrial land covered 18.7 acres (7.6 ha) of coastal zone
          area on which (7) structures were noted.

          Transportation Land

               Five types of transportation land totaling 112 acres (45 ha)
          were observed within the county's coastal zone. Private marina
          made up nearly 70% (78 acres (32 ha] - 42 structures) of all
          transportation land. Other transportation types included public


               2Area figures used in the Results discussion reflect totals
          (not rounded) reported on the original tally sheets. Figures
          presented on the tally sheets found in the Appendix of this
          report have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

                                         21









          boat landing (3.7 acres (1.5 ha] - (3] structures), utilities (.13
          acres [.3 ha]), and sewage treatment facilities (9.6 acres (3.9
          ha] - (4] structures).

          Extractive Land

               No extractive land uses were observed within the county's
          coastal zone.

          Agricultural and Natural

               Types within this category cover 93% (9,148 acres (3,705
          ha]) of the county's coastal zone. Land cover types within the
          agricultural and natural category include 279 acres (113 ha) of
          abandoned field., 85 acres (34 ha) of active agricultural land, 157
          acres (27' ha) of heath, 210 acres (85 ha) of open water, 92 acres
          (37 ha) of slump zone, and 666 acres (270 ha) of wetland. The
          largest single type within this category was forest. Forest
          covered 7,750 acres (3,139 ha) or nearly 85% of all area covered
          by types of this category.

          Open and Other Land

               Only 76.5 acres (31 ha) of open/other land was delineated
          within Bayfield County's coastal zone. Of this total were 3.9
          acres (1.6 ha) of urban open lot, 72 acres (29 ha) of outdoor
          recreation, and .8 acres (.3 ha) of cemetery. A total of 24
          structures were located on land devoted to outdoor recreation.

          Shoreline Modifications

               Ostensibly, sea walls and revetments are used to protect
          shorelines from erosion. In 1992, 6,914 feet (2,108 m) of sea
          wall and 11,623 feet (3,544 m) of revetment were documented.
          Also tallied along the county's shoreline were 10 groins and (5)
          non-flow--through docks.

                                 Results by Community

          Town of Barksdale

               Barksdale's coastal zone consisted of 686 acres (278 ha) in
          1992. A total of 164 structures were identified within the
          coastal zone, all located on residential land.
               Residential land covered 58 acres (23.5 ha). All
          residential acreage was of the type single family/duplex.
          Structures located within this type included 92 single
          family/duplex units, 31 detached garages, 40 sheds and (1) barn.
               Less than one (1) acre of commercial land was located within
          the town-Is coastal zone. No industrial or extractive types were
          observed.



                                           22









              Land devoted to transportation was measured at 8.4 acres
          (3.4 ha). Transportation types included .8 acres (.3 ha) of
          public boat landing, 7.5 acres (3 ha) of highway, and .1 acre
          (.05 ha) of utility.
              Fully 90% of all coastal zone area fell into the
          agricultural and natural land use category. Land use types
          within the category included 50 acres (20 ha) of abandoned field,
          4.4 acres (1.8 ha) of active agricultural land, .3 acres (.1 ha)
          of heath, 10.8 acres (4.4 ha) of open water, .6 acres (.2 ha) of
          slump zone, and 62 acres (25 ha) of wetland. Forest land,
          however, represented over 79%, or 491 acres (199 ha), of the
          total acreage of the agricultural and natural category.
              Within the town's coastal zone, no open or other land use
          types were observed.
              A total of 124 feet (38 m) of sea wall and 2,252 feet (687
          m) of revetment were recorded along the townfs shoreline. One
          (1) groin also was tallied.

          City of Bayfield

              The city's coastal zone covered 153 acres (62 ha) in 1992,
          on which 289 structures were observed.
              A total of 187 residential structures were tallied on 53
          acres (21.4 ha) of residential land. The residential type single
          family/duplex covered 52 acres (21 ha). Structures associated
          with this type included 127 single family/duplex units, 31
          detached garages and 29 sheds. Nine (9) mobile homes also were
          tallied on 1.2 acres (.5 ha) of land.
              Commercial land included two types covering 32 acres (12.8
          ha). Neighborhood business district totaled 28 acres (11.3 ha)
          on which 69 structures were located. Institutional land held (6)
          structures on 3.7 acres (1.5 ha).
              No industrial or extractive cover types were observed within
          the city's coastal zone.
              Land devoted to transportation totaled 27.3 acres (11 ha),
          almost all of which was located within private marina (27.2 acres
          (11 ha]). Land devoted to private marina held 26 structures.
              Three (3) types within the agricultural and natural land use
          category covered 37 acres (14.9 ha). These types included 6.9
          acres (2.8 ha) of abandoned field, 30 acres (12 ha) of forest,
          and .24 acres (.1 ha) of open water.
              The city's coastal zone included 4.5 acres of land devoted
          to two (2) types of the open/other use category. Urban open lot
          covered 3.1 acres (1.3 ha) while land devoted to outdoor
          recreation covered 1.4 acres (.6 ha). One (1) structure was
          observed on outdoor recreation land.
              Shoreline modifications within the city's coastal zone
          included 652 feet (199 m) of sea wall and 3,272 feet (998 m) of
          revetment.






                                         23









           Town of Bayfield

                The coastal  zone of the town of Bayfield was measured at
           1,731 acres (701  ha) and included 100 structures.
                A total of 89 residential structures were counted on 35
           acres (14.1 ha) of land area. All structures were associated
           with the type single family/duplex, including 56 single family or
           duplex units, 14 detached garages and 19 sheds.
                Commercial land covered 7.1 acres (2.9 ha) and consisted of
           two types: neighborhood business district (5.5     acres (2.2 ha] --
           (6] structures), and institutional land (1.7 acres C.7 ha] - (1]
           structure).
                Within the coastal zone no industrial or extractive uses
           were recorded.
                Two (2) transportation types were observed covering a total
           of 19.6 acres (7.9 ha) of area. Private marina consisted of 16.9
           acres (6.8 ha) and (3) structures while sewage treatment
           facilities covered 2.7 acres (1.1 ha) and included (1) structure.
                Agricultural and natural land use-types totaled 1,669 acres
           (676 ha) which represents over 96% of Bayfield's coastal zone.
           Within this category, forest covered 1,551 acres (628 ha) or 93%
           of category area. Other types within the category include 23.5
           acres (9.5 ha) of abandoned field, 5.5 acres (2.2 ha) of active
           agriCUltUral land, (1) acre (.4 ha) of heath, 16.8 acres (6.8 ha)
           of open water, 3.8 acres (1.5 ha) of slump zone and 68 acres (27
           ha) of wetland.
                No land devoted to open or other use types was observed
           within the town's coastal zone.
                The town's shoreline modifications consisted of 1,055 feet
           (322 m) of sea wall and (1) non-flow-through dock.

           Town of Bayview

                Bay,%riew's coastal zone covered 845 acres (342 ha) and
           included 104 structures, most of which (103) were associated with
           residential land. .                                                         i
                Residential land totaled 26 acres (10.5 ha), all tallied
           within the single family/duplex type. Associated structures
           included 60 single family/duplex units, 25 detached garages and
           18 sheds.,
                No commercial, industrial or extractive use types were
           documented within the town's coastal zone.
                Less than (1) acre of transportation land (public boat
           landing) was observed within the coastal zone. One (1)
           associated structure was tallied.
                Agricultural and natural land uses covered 819 acres (332
           ha), representing nearly 97% of the total coastal zone area.
           Forest land covered 678 acres (275 ha), accounting for 83% of all.
           acreage within the category. other types within the category
           included 28 acres (11.2 ha) of abandoned field, 2.5 acres (1 ha)
           of active agricultural land, 10.4 acres (4.2 ha) of heath, 9.2


                                            24









          acres (3.7 ha) of open water, .4 acre s (.15 ha) of slump zone,
          and 91 acres (37 ha) of wetland.
              The coastal zone of Bayview did not include any types within
          the open/other land use category.
              Shoreline modifications consisted of 246 feet (75 m) of sea
          wall, 70 feet (21 m) of revetment, and (3) groins.

          Town of Bell

              The coastal zone of Bell covered 1,128 acres (457 ha) and
          included 249 structures.
              Most structures (230) were located on 61 acres (25 ha) of
          residential land. All residential acreage was of the type single
          family/duplex. Structures associated with residential land
          included 152 single family/duplex units, 38 detached garages and
          40 sheds.
              Only 2.7 acres (1.1 ha) of commercial land was identified
          within the town's coastal zone, including (8) commercial
          structures.
              No industrial or extractive uses were documented within the
          town's coastal zone.
              one (1) transportation type was identified within the
          coastal zone. Private marina covered 11.1 acres (4.5 ha) on
          which 10 structures were identified.
              Fully 93% (1,052 acres (426 ha]) of the town's coastal zone
          consisted of agricultural and natural land use types. Of types
          recorded, forest land covered the largest area, 916 acres (371
          ha) or 87% of all agricultural and natural category area. Other
          types observed include 13 acres (5.4 ha) of abandoned field, 12.2
          acres (4.9 ha) of active agricultural land, 37 acres (15 ha) of
          heath, 11.8 acres (4.8 ha) of open water, (7) acres (2.8 ha) of
          slump zone, and 55 acres (22 ha) of wetland.
              Less than (1) acre of land was devoted to open/other
          category types. Outdoor recreation land covered .7 acres (.3 ha)
          and included (1) structure.
              No sea walls or revetments were observed along the
          township's shoreline. One (1) groin and (1) non-flow-through
          dock were tallied.


          Town of Clover


              The coastal zone of the town of Clover covered 1,231 acres
          (499 ha) on which 200 structures were observed.
              Most structures (185) were located on 65 acres (26 ha) of
          residential land. All structures were associated with the type
          single family/duplex and included 97 single family/duplex units,
          24 detached garages, 60 sheds and (4) barns.
              Commercial land within the coastal zone covered 3.1 acres
          (1.3 ha) and included 11 structures. Both acreage and structures
          were associated with the type neighborhood business district.
              No industrial or extractive lands were observed within the
          town's coastal zone. Only 1.5 acres (.6 ha) of transportation

                                         25









          land was observed within the coastal zone, all assigned to public
          boat landing.
               Almost 94% (1,157 acres (469 ha]) of all coastal zone area
          was determined to be agricultural or natural. Forest land
          represented 770 acres (312 ha) or over 66% of all category area.
          Other agricultural and natural category types included 84 acres
          (34 ha) of abandoned field, 19 acres (7.7 ha) of active
          agricultural land, 1.7 acres (.7 ha) of heath, 77 acres (31 ha)
          of open water, 33 acres (13.3 ha) of slump zone, and 173 acres
          (70 ha) of wetland.
               One (1) land use type of the open/other use category was
          observed within the town's coastal zone: outdoor recreation
          4.8 acres; (1.9 ha) and (2) structures.
               The town's shoreline has been modified by construction of
          sea walls, revetments and groins. Sea walls were observed along
          45 feet ('13.8 m) of shoreline while revetments were observed
          along 1,162 feet (354 m) of shoreline. Two (2) groins were
          tallied.


          Town of 11jileen

               Only 112 acres (45 ha) of the township fell within the
          coastal zone area. Ofthese, 2.1 acres (.8 ha) were classified
          as residential single family/duplex. Two (2) residential
          structures were observed.
               Commercial land covered 3.6 acres (1.5 ha) of coastal zone,
          all of which fell within the neighborhood business district type.
          Four (4) structures associated with this type were recorded.
               No industrial or extractive uses were observed within the
          town's coastal zone.
               Highway was the only transportation type identified within
          the coastal zone. Highway area totaled 12.5 acres (5 ha).
               Just: under 94 acres'(38 ha) of agricultural and natural
          category uses were recorded. Individual types observed include
          .3 acres (.1 ha)*of abandoned field, 10 acres (4 ha) of forest,
          30 acres (12 ha) of'heath, and 54 acres (22 ha) of wetland.
               No land within the open/other category was observed.
               Modifications to the town's shoreline was limited to one (1)
          typi@. A total of 2,244 feet (684 m) of revetment were
          documented.


          Town of Orienta

               Orientals coastal zone covered '729 acres (295 ha) on which
          67 structures were located.
               Residential land consisted only of the single family/duplex:
          type. This type covered 16.7 acres (6.8 ha). Structures
          associated with the type include 34 single family/duplex units,
          (7) detached garages, and 20 sheds.
               Commercial land within the coastal zone consisted of 4.2
          acres (1.7 ha) all falling into neighborhood business district.
          Four (4) structures were associated with this type.

                                          26









               The town's coastal zone included no industrial,
          transportation or extractive uses.
               Land cover types of the agricultural and natural category
          represented nearly 97% (705.acres [286 ha)) of total coastal zone
          area. Within the category, forest land covered 625 acres (253
          ha) or 88.6% of the category total. Other category types include
          39 acres (16 ha) of abandoned field, .8 acres (.3 ha) of heath,
          11.6 acres (4.7 ha) of open water, 16.3 acres (6.6 ha) of slump
          zone, and 12.7 acres (5.1 ha) of wetland.
               Outdoor recreation was the only type observed of the
          open/other use category. The type covered 2.6 acres (1.1 ha) and
          included (2) structures.
               The town's shoreline was modified with 195 feet (60 m) of
          sea wall and 1,096 feet (334 m) of revetment.

          Town of Port Wing

               Port Wing's coastal zone consisted of 857 acres (347 ha) on
          which 51 structures were documented.
               A total of 18.7 acres (7.6 ha) of residential land was
          documented within the town's coastal zone. All acreage was
          assigned to the single family/duplex type. A total of 45
          residential structures were recorded, including 27 single
          family/duplex units, (4) detached garages, 13 sheds and (1) barn.
               only .9 acres (.4 ha) of commercial land was measured within
          the town's coastal zone. Two (2) commercial structures were
          noted.
               No industrial or extractive uses were located within Port
          Wing's coastal zone.
               Two (2) transportation category types covering 4.9 acres (2
          ha) were observed. Land devoted to private marina covered 3.1
          acres (1.3 ha) while public boat landing covered 1.8 acres (.7
          ha) and included (2) structures.
               Agricultural and natural lands covered 828 acres (335 ha)
          representing nearly 97% of all coastal zone area. Of all
          category types, forest (647 acres [262 ha]) represented 78% of
          total category area. Other category types included 18 acres (7.2
          ha) of abandoned field, 4.9 acres (2 ha) of active agricultural
          land, 13 acres (5.3 ha) of heath, 32 acres (13 ha) of open water,
          30 acres (12.2 ha) of slump zone, and 84 acres (34 ha) of
          wetland.
               One (1) type of the open/other use category was observed
          within the town's coastal zone. A total of 4.3 acres' (1.7 ha) of
          outdoor recreation land was recorded. The area included (1)
          structure.
               Shoreline modifications within the town included 510 feet
          (155 m) of sea wall, (1) groin and (1) non-flow-through dock.

          Town of Russell


               The coastal zone within the town of Russell consisted of
          1,966 acres (796 ha) and included 131 structures. Photo coverage

                                         27









           for, Russell was incomplete. Approximately 3,224 feet (983 m) of
           shoreline was not covered by the 1992 aerial photos. This
           estimate was based upon measurements taken from USGS quad maps at
           1:24000.
                Residential land within the township covered 44 acres (18
           ha). There were  116 residential structures located on
           residential land. Most residential land (40 acres (16.4 ha]) was
           classified as single family/duplex, an additional 3.3 acres (1.3
           ha) were classified as low-rise multi-family. Residential
           structures included 64 single family/duplex units, (9) detached
           garages, 17 sheds and (6) low-rise multi-family structures.
                A total of (9) commercial structures were located on 7.8
           acres (3.2 ha) of land. All commerc."Lal acreage was classified -as
           neighborhood business.
                Industrial land covered 5.4 acres (2.2 ha) of the coastal
           zone. only (1) industrial structure was identified.
                Two (2) structures were identified on 7.2 acres (2.9 ha) of
           land devoted to transportation. All transportation acreage was
           classified as private marina.
                No extractive uses were observed within the coastal zone of'
           Russell.
                Land devoted to agricultural and natural uses covered 1,886,
           acres (764 ha) or 96% of the coastal zone area. Within the
           category, forest land represented 1,794 acres (727 ha) or 95% of'
           total area. Other agricultural and natural types included 15.6
           acres (6.3 ha) of abandoned field, 2.4 acres (1 ha) of heath, (91)
           acres (3.6 ha) of open water, .8 acres (.3 ha) of slump zone, and
           65 acres (26 ha) of wetland.
                The category of open/other land included two (2) types
           covering a total of 15.3 acres (6.2 ha). Types represented
           include 14.5 acres (5.9 ha - (31 structures) of outdoor
           recreation and .8 acres (.3 ha) of cemetery land.
                Shoreline modifications included 1,739 feet (530 m) of sea
           wall and 539 feet (164 m) of revetment. Additionally, (1) non-
           flow-through dock was observed.

           City of Washburn

                The coastal zone of the city of Washburn covered 411 acres
           (167 ha). A total of 160 structures were documented within the
           coastal zone area.
                Washburn's residential area covered'42 acres (16.8 ha) and
           consisted of two (2) residential types. OVer 40 acres (16.4 ha)
           were classified as single family/duplex, an additional 1.1 acres;
           (.5 ha) were classified as low-rise multi-family. Structures
           documented included 73 single family/duplex units, 20 garages
           ([1] associated with multi-family), 19 sheds and (1) multi-family
           unit.
                Commercial land covered 11.8 acres (4.8 ha) of the coastal
           zone. Nine (9) acres (3.6 ha) and 22 structures were assigned to
           the type neighborhood business district. An additional 2.9 acres;
           (1.2 ha) and (1) structure were assigned to institutional uses.

                                           28









               Industrial land covered 13.3 acres (5.4 ha), on which (6)
          structures were located.
               Within the city's coastal zone, (4) transportation types
          were identified on a total of 19.2 acres (7.8 ha). Types
          identified include 11 acres (4.5 ha- (1] structure) of private
          marina, .7 acres (.3 ha) of public boat landing, .6 acres (.2 ha)
          of utility, and 6.9 acres (2.8 ha - (3] structures) of land
          devoted to sewage treatment.
               No extractive uses were observed within Washburn's coastal
          zone. Land devoted to agricultural and natural uses covered 281
          acres (114 ha) which represents 68% of the total coastal zone
          area. Within the agricultural and natural category, forest
          represented nearly 85% (238 acres (97 ha]) of the total area.
          other category types identified within the coastal zone include
          36 acres (14.7 ha) of active agricultural land, 2.4 acres (1 ha)
          of open water, .4 acres (.16 ha) of slump zone, and 3.8 acres
          (1.5 ha) of wetland.
               A total of 44 acres (17.9 ha) of open/other land uses were
          located within the coastal zone. Types included .8 acres (.3 ha)
          of urban open lot and 43 acres (17.6 ha - 14 structures) of
          outdoor recreation.
               Shoreline modifications included 2,347 feet (715 m) of sea
          wall, 988 feet (301 m) of revetment, (2) groins and (1) non-flow-
          through dock.




























                                         29











                               RESULTS - DOUGLAS COUNTY

               Douglas County communities lying within the Lake Superior
          coastal zone include the townships of Cloverland and Lakeside,
          and the city of Superior.- The area measured within the coastal
          zone of Douglas County was 3,928 acres (1,591 ha). Over 84% of
          the county's coastal zone consisted of land cover types of the
          agricultural and natural lands category. A total of 1,030
          structures were located within the county's coastal zone.
               Statistical summaries for Douglas County and all communities
                                                             3
          included in this study are located in the Appendix.   Summary
          data sheets present land use types by area, 1992 structural
          counts by, type, shoreline modification types by length, and a
          count of shoreline structures by type. Data were collected   at
          the PLSS section level. The section level data sheets are not
          included in this report.

          Residential Land

               Within the coastal zone of Douglas County, 904 residential
          structures were located on'170 acres (69 ha) of residential land.
          Residential types included 1.4 acres (.6 ha) of low-rise multi-
          family, 1.49 acres (60 ha) of single family/duplex and 20 acres
          (8.2 ha) of mobile homes. Structures identified included (5)
          low-rise multi-family units. Structures associated with the ty]Pe
          single family/duplex included 409 single family/duplex units, 2,58
          detached garages and 76 sheds, while structures associated with
          the type mobile homes included 110 mobile home units, (1)
          detached garage and 45 sheds.
               Commercial land covered 46 acres (18.6 ha) of the coastal
          zone. The type neighborhood business district consisted of 36
          acres (14.6 ha) and 22 structures. The type institutional use
          covered 3.0 acres (4 ha) on which (7) structures were locatedi.
               Industrial land within the coastal zone covered 150 acres
          (61 ha) and included 60 structures.
               Eight (8) types of transportation category uses were
          identified within the county's coastal zone. These included 56
          acres (23 ha - [1] structure) of rail transportation, 53 acres
          (22 ha - (8] structures) of water transportation, 16.2 acres (6.6
          ha - [1] structure) of private marina, 3.8 acres (1.5 ha) of
          public boat landing, 34 acres (14 ha) of highway, 2.3 acres (.9
          ha - (3] structures) of communications land, 9.7 acres (3.9 ha -
          (9] structures) of utility, and 22 acres (8.7 ha - (8]
          structures) of sewage treatment plant area.
          zone. No extractive uses were located within the county's coastal

               3Area figures used in the Results discussion reflect totals
          (not rounded) reported on the original tally sheets. Figures
          presented on the tally sheets found in the appendix of this
          report have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

                                          30









               Agricultural and natural category uses covered 3,327 acres
          (1,348 ha) or nearly 85% of the county's coastal zone. Within
          this category, forest covered 68% (2,264 acres (917 ha]) of total
          category area. Other category types included 362 acres (147 ha)
          of abandoned field, 101 acres (41 ha) of heath, 130 acres (53 ha)
          of open water, 192 acres (78 ha) of slump zone, and 279 acres
          (113 ha) of wetland.
               open/other land uses totaled 36 acres (14.8 ha) and
          consisted of two (2) types. Urban open lot covered 11 acres (4.5
          ha). The type outdoor recreation covered 25 acres (10.3 ha) and
          included (7) structures.
               Modifications-to the county's shoreline included 19,480 feet
          (5,939 m) of sea wall, 10,314 feet (3,145 m) of revetment, (3)
          groins and (3) non-flow-through docks.
          Town of Cloverland    Results by Community

               The area of Cloverland's coastal zone was measured at 1,082
          acres (438 ha). only three (3) structures were located within
          the town's coastal zone.
               Less than one (1) acre (.8 acres (.34 ha]) of residential
          land was documented within the coastal zone, all assigned to the
          type single family/duplex. Associated structures included (1)
          single family/duplex unit and (1) shed.
               No commercial, industrial or extractive land uses were
          documented within the coastal zone of Cloverland.
               Just one type of transportation land was observed within the
          town's coastal zone. Public boat landing covered 1.8 acres (.7
          ha) of area.
               Most (99.6%) of Cloverland's coastal zone consists of land
          use types within the agricultural and natural category. Category
          types cover 1,078 acres (437 ha) of coastal zone area, of which
          946 acres (383 ha) are forest. other category types located
          within the coastal gone include 11.1 acres (4.5 ha) of abandoned
          field, .9 acres (.4 ha) of heath, 16.2 acres (6.6 ha) of open
          water, 75 acres (31 ha) of slump zone, and 29 acres (11.6 ha) of
          wetland.
               Only one land use type from the category open/other was
          documented within the town's coastal zone. A total of .7 acres
          (.3 ha) of land devoted to outdoor recreation was observed. One
          (1) structure was noted as well.
               No evidence of shoreline modification was observed within
          the town's coastal zone.


          Town of Lakeside

               The town's coastal zone consisted of 1,043 acres (422 ha),
          99% of which was classified as agricultural or natural.
               A total of 45 residential structures were located on 8.8
          acres (3.6 ha) of residential land. All residential land was of

                                          31









           the type single family/duplex. Structures documented include 36
           single family or duplex units, (4) detached garages and (5)
           sheds.
                The township's coastal zone included no commercial,
           industrial, transportation or extractive category uses.
                As stated earlier, land use types within the agricultural
           and natural category covered 99% of Lakeside's coastal zone. 012
           total acreage within the agricultural. and natural category,
           forest land represented 84% or 869 acres (352 ha). Other types
           observed within the coastal zone include .9 acres (.4 ha) of
           abandoned field, 7.8 acres (3-2 ha) of heath, 27 acres (10.8 ha)
           of open water, 114 acres (46 ha) of slump zone, and 14.8 acres (6
           ha) of wetland.
                No land use types of the open/other category were observed
           within the town's coastal zone.
                Shoreline modifications consisted of (1) non-flow-through
           dock.

           City of Superior

                A total of 1,803 acres (730 ha) and 982 structures were
           observed within Superior's coastal zone.
                Residential land within the coastal     zone consisted of 161
           acres (65 ha) and included 857 structures. Five (5) low-rise
           multi-family structures were located on 1.4 acres (.6 ha) of
           land. Land devoted to single family/duplex uses covered 139
           acres (56 ha). Structures associated with the type single
           family/duplex included 372 single family or duplex units, 254
           detached garages and 70 sheds. Over 20 acres (8.2 ha) of land
           devoted to mobile home use also were documented. Associated
           structures included 110 mobile home units, (1) detached garage
           and 45 sheds.
                Commercial land within the coastal zone was measured at 46
           acres (18.6 ha). Commercial types included 36 acres (14.6 ha -
           22 structures) of neighborhood business district and 10 acres (4
           ha - (7] structures) of institutional land.
                A total of 150 acres (61 ha) of industrial land was located.
           within the city's coastal zone. Sixty (60) industrial structures
           were observed.
                Transportation land consisted of 195 acres (79 ha) on whicb.
           30 structures were located. Observed types within this category-
           included 56 acres (23 ha - [1] structure) of rail transportation,
           53 acres (22 ha - (8] structures) of water transportation, 16.2
           acres (6.6 ha - (1) structure) of private marina, (2) acres (.8
           ha) of public boat landing, 34 acres (14 ha) of highway, 2.3
           acres (.9 ha - (3] structures) of communications facilities, 9.7
           acres (3.9 ha - (9] structures) of utilities, and 22 acres (8.7
           ha - (8] structures) of sewage treatment plant.
                No extractive uses were documented within the city's coastal
           zone.
                Land use types of the agricultural and natural category
           represented 67% of the city's coastal zone area. Documented

                                             32









         types included 350 acres (142 ha) of abandoned field, 448 acres
         (182 ha) of forest, 92 acres (37 ha) of heath, 87 acres (35 ha)
         of open water, 2.7 acres (1.1 ha) of slump zone, and 235 acres
         (95 ha) of wetland.
              Two (2) use types were observed within the open/other land
         use category. Urban open lots covered 11 acres (4.5 ha) while
         the outdoor recreation type covered 25 acres (10 ha), on which
         six (6) structures were located.
              Shoreline modifications consisted of 19,482 feet (5,939 m)
         of sea wall and 10,314 feet (3,145 m) of revetment.
         Additionally, (3) groins and (2) non-flow-through docks were
         located along the shoreline.








































                                         33












                                RESULTS - IRON COUNTY

               Only the town of Saxon lies within Iron County's coastal
          zone of Lake Superior.
               Statistical summaries for Iron County and all communities
                                                             4
          included in this study are located in the Appendix.   Summary
          data sheets present land use types by area, 1992 structural
          counts by type, shoreline modification types by length, and a
          count of shoreline structures by type. Data were collected at
          the PLSS section level. The section level data sheets are not
          included in this report.
               In 1992, Saxon"s coastal zone covered 857 acres (347 ha), of
          which only (6) acres (2.3 ha) were residential. A total of 13
          residential structures were observed, including 10 residential
          units, (1) garage and (2) sheds. A total of (.3) acres (.1 ha)
          of commercial land was observed within the town's coastal zone,
          while land devoted to transportation - public boat landing,
          covered 11 acres (4.5 ha). Three (3) structures were tallied on
          land devoted to transportation. No area of the town's coastal
          zone was devoted to extractive land uses.
               Over 97% (839 acres (340 ha]) of Saxon's coastal zone area
          was covered by agricultural and natural land uses. of the total.
          area within these categories, 775 acres (314 ha) or 92% were
          located within the forest type. The only other coverage with
          significant acreage was slump zone (59 acres (24 ha]).
               Aerial analysis identified 979 feet (299 m) of revetment
          along Saxon's shoreline, as well as two (2) groins. No sea wall-s
          or non-f.low-through docks were observed.


















               4Area figures used in the Results discussion reflect totals
          (not rounded) reported on the original tally sheets. Figures
          presented on the tally sheets found in the Appendix of this
          report have been rounded to the nearest whole number.

                                          34












                                     REFERENCES

         Avery, T.E. and G.L. Berlin, 1985. InterRretation of Aerial
            Photographs. 4th ed., Brugess Publishing Co., Minneapolis.
            554 pp.

         Barrett, N.E. and W.A. Niering, 1993. Tidal marsh restoration:
            trends in vegetation change using a geographic information
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         Befort, W. and J.J. Viliman, 1985. Aerial identification of
            forest habitats. Proceedings of the ACSM-ASPRS Annual
            Convention, Washington, D.C., Vol. 2, pp. 679-688.

         Benton, A.R., Jr., W.W. Snell and C. Clark, 1978. Seasonal aerial
            photographic mapping of Galveston Island. Coastal Mapping
            Papers Reprint from Coastal Zone 178, Amer. Soc. Civil Eng.,
            pp. 1205-1222.

         Boge, W.E., A.C. Crone and R.J. Ondrejka, 1992. Primary data
            acquisition - state of the art review. Photogrammetric
            Engineering and Remote Sensing, 58(8):1077-10.

         Carlson, H., L.M. Andrews and C.W. Threinen, 1977. Surface Water
            Resources of Oconto County. Wisconsin Department of Natural
            Resources, Madison, Wisconsin.

         Ciciarelli, J.A., 1991. Practical Guide to Aerial Photography.
            Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 261 pp.

         Dresen, M. and M.E. Vollbrecht, 1986. Wisconsin's shoreland
            zoning program: design and direction. The Michigan Riparian.

         Eastman-Kodak, 1974. Photography from Light Planes and
            Helicopters. Pub. No. M-5, Rochester, N.Y., 25 p.

         Evans, B.M. and L. Mata, 1984. Acquisition of 35mm oblique
            photographs for stereoscopic analysis and measurement.
            Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 50(11)*.1581-
            1590.


         Ferguson, R.L., L.L. Wood and D.B. Graham, 1993. Monitoring
            spacial change in seagrass habitat with aerial photography.
            Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 59(6):1033-
            1038.

         Fleming, J. and R.G. Dixon, 1981. Basic Guide to Small-Format
            Hand-Held Oblique Aerial Photography. Canadian Centre for
            Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, 81 p.




                                         35









          Hagen, G.F. and J.L. Smith, 1986. Predicting tree groundline
              diameter from crown measurements made on 35mm aerial
              photography. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,
                   .r
              52(5):687-690.

          Heer, R.C. and J.L. Smith, 1986. Estimation of density in young
              pine plantations using 35mm aerial. photography. Proceedings of
              the ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Washington, D.C., Vol. 5,
              pp. 80-84.

          Hill, J.M., D.L. Evans and J. Blackman, 1985. Development of a
              permit: geographic information system for coastal zone
              management. Proceedings of the AC.I.;M-ASPRS Annual Convention,
              Washington, D.C., Vol. 1, pp. 284--293.

          Hinckley,, T.K. and J.W. Walker, 1993., Obtaining and using low-
              altitude/large-scale imagery. Photogrammetric Engineering and
              Remote Sensing, 59(3):310-318.

          International Joint Commission, Committee 2, 1993. Detailed Site
              Study - Berrien County, Michigan: Final Report, 75 pp.

          International Joint Commission, 1993. Great Lakes Water Level
              Reference Study. Working Committee 2. Land Use and Shoreline
              Management Task Group Report, 99 pp.

          Kim, K. and S. Ventura, 1993. Large-scale modeling of urban
              nonpoint source pollution using a geographic information
              system. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,
              59(10):1539-1544.

          Lo, C.P. and W.E. Noble, 1990. Detailed urban land-use and   land-
              cover mapping using large format camera photographs: an
              evaluation. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,
              56(2)::197-206.

          Lyon, J.G. and R.G. Greene, 1992. Use of aerial photographs to
              measure the historical areal extent of Lake Erie coastal
              wetlands. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,
              58(9):1355-1360.

          MacConnell, W.F., 1975. Remote Sensing 20 years of change in
              Massachusetts: 1952-1972. Mass. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bulletin  630,
              Amherst, Mass., 79 pp.

          Marsh, S.E., J.L. Welsh and C.F. Hutchinson, 1990. Development of
              an agricultural land-use GIS for surveyed derived from
              multispatial video and photographic data. Photogrammetric
              Engineering and Remote Sensing, 56(3):359-363.




                                           36









         McCarthy, J., C.E. Olson and J.A. Witter, 1982. Evaluation of
            spruce-fir forests using small-format photographs.
            Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 48(5):771-778.

         Niedzwiedz, W.R., 1990. Assessing permit compliance in
            residential areas using color 35mm aerial photography.
            Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 56(2):211-224.


         Niedzwiedz, W.R. and S.S. Batie, 1984. An assessment of urban
            development into coastal wetlands using historical aerial
            photography: a'case study. Environmental Management, 8(3):205-
            214.

         Norton, D.J., J. Organ and T. Litwin, 1985. Covertype
            classification and mapping on Long Island's National Wildlife
            Refuge. Proceedings of the ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention,
            Washington, D.C., Vol. 2, pp. 585-594.

         Paine, D.P. and R.J. McCadden, 1988. Simplified forest inventory
            using large-scale 70mm photography and tariff tables.
            Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 54(10):1423-
            1427.

         Roberts 'A. and L. Griswold, 1986. Practical photogrammetry from
            35mm aerial photography. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote
            Sensing, 52(4):501-508.

         Scarpace, F.L., B.K. Quirk, R.W. Kiefer and S.L. Wynn, 1981.
            Wetland mapping from digitized aerial photography.
            Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 47(6):829-838.

         Scherz, J.P. and J.F. Van Domelsen, 1973. Lake Superior Water
            Quality Near Duluth from Analysis of Aerial Photos and ERTS
            Imagery, Remote Sensing and Water Resources Management,
            American Water Resources Association, Proceedings, No. 17.

         Shafer, R. and S. Degler, 1986. 35mm photography: an inexpensive
            remote sensing tool. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote
            Sensing, 52(6):833-837.

         Smith, J.T., ed., 1968. Manual of Color Aerial Photography.
            American Society of Photogrammetry, Falls Church, VA., 550 pp.

         U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1978. Monthly Bulletin of Lake
            Levels for the Great Lakes. April. Dept. of the Army, Detroit,
            MI. pp.4

         U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1992. Monthly Bulletin of Lake
            Levels for the Great Lakes. May. Dept. of the Army, Detroit,
            MI. pp.4


                                         37








          Walker, J.W., 1985. Ultra-light reconnaissance, another tool.
             Proceedings of the ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention, Washington,
             D.C., Vol. 1, pp. 371-380.

          Welch, R., T.R. Jordan and S.S. Fung, 1985. Photogrammetry: A
             revolutionary solution to the assessment of ephemeral gully
             erosion. Proceedings of the ACSM-ASPRS' Annual Convention,
             Washington, D.C., Vol. 2, pp. 873--874.

          Welch, R., M. Remillard and J. Alberts, 1992. Integration of GPIS,
             remote sensing and GIS techniques for coastal resource
             management. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,
             58(il),:1571-1578.





































                                          38




I
I
I                                    APPENDIX I
I                            Ashland County Data.Sheets
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1                                         39
1










                 Lake Superior coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                            1992


                                County Summary Data Sheet

           ounty: Ashland
          Coastal Civil Jurisdiction included in summary (in alphabetical
          C

          order).

             City of Ashland
             Town of Sanborn













                                   LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                            of structures      Acres Area Hectares

          .11 Residential

            111  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            112  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            113  Res. units                    417             199          81
                 garages                       174
                 sheds                         108
                 barns
            115  Res. units                       7               2           1
                 garages
                 sheds                            4
                              Subtotal         710             201          81


          12 commercial

            121 Central Business Dist            99             28          11
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist 118                  85          34
            126 Institutional                     8             11            5
                                Subtotal       225             124          so


          13 Industrial

            138 Industrial Park                  27             57          23


                                             41






                                                 of structures       Acres Area  ectares

            14 Trans)ortation

               1.41 Air Transportation
               1.42 Rail Transportation                               10             4
               2.43 Water Transportation                                3            1
               1.43.1 Private Marina                  1               10             4'
               143.2 Public Boat Landing                                2            1
               1.44 Highways                                          33            13
               1.45 Communications                     5                2            1
               1.46 Utilities                         18              28            11
               1.47 Sevrage Treatment Plant                             6            3
               1.48 Landf ill                                           5            2
                                  Subtotal            39              99            40


            17 Extraftive

               3.71 Open Pit
               3.72 Underground
               3.7 3 Wel 1
               3.79 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            18 Aciriciltural and Natural

               181 AF  Abandoned Field                 :1            103            42
               182 AG  Agriculture Active
               183 F   Forest                                        1333         540
               184 H   Heath                                         246          100
               3.85 OW Open Water                                    226            91
               186 RL  Rock Ledge
               187 SL  Slump Zone                                     24            10
               188 WT  Wetland                                       774          314
                                  Subtotal             1             2705         1096


            19 Or)en IAnd, Other

               191 Outdoor-Public Assembly             2                3            1
               192 Urban Open Lots                                      5            2
               193 Outdoor Recreation                 11              28            11
               194 cemeteries
                                  Subtotal            13              35            14


                                                                Total Acres         3222
                                                                Total Hectares      13(15

            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                      Feet        Meters,
               105 Sea Walls                                            375         16'39
               196 Revetments                                        13343          406,13
               197 Groins                                    # of Grgins    7
               158 Dock Non-Flow-Through                     # of Docks     3

                                                 42









                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                             1992


                                    civil Jurisdiction
                                    Summary Data Sheet

          County: Ashland
          Township, Village or City name: City of Ashland
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

                T47N R4W SEC 5             T48N R4W   SEC 23
                           SEC 6                      SEC 26
                                                      SEC 27
                                                      SEC 28
                                                      SEC 32
                                                      SEC 33
                                                      SEC 34




                                   LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                            of structures      Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            112  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            113  Res. units                     337            141          57
                 garages                        159
                 sheds                            74
                 barns
            115  Res. units                        7              2           1
                 garages
                 sheds                             4
                              Subtotal          581            143          58

          1.2 Commercial

            121 Central Business Dist             99            28          11
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist      118             85          34
            126 Institutional                      8            11            5
                                Subtotal        225            124          50


          13 Industrial


            138 Industrial Park                  27             57          23

                                             43






                                                 of structures       Acres Area Hectare@s

            14 TransRortation

               1.41 Air Transportation
               1.42 Rail Transportation                               10            4
               1.43 Water Transportation                               3            1
               1.43.1 Private Marina                  14              10            4
               1.43.2 Public Boat Landing                              1           <1
               1.44 Highways                                          33           13
               1.45 Communications
               1.46 Utilities                         18              28           11
               1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant              2              6            3
               1.48 Landf ill                                          5            2
                                  Subtotal            34              96           39


            17 Extra,,tive

               1.71 Open Pit
               1.72 Underground
               173 Well
               179 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            18 Agricultural and Natural

               181 AF  Abandoned Field                                79           32
               182 AG  Agriculture Active
               183 F   Forest                                        147           59
               184 H   Heath                                          <1           <1
               185 OW  Open Water                                     15            6
               186 RL  Rock Ledge
               187 SL  Slump Zone                                      1           <1
               188 WT  Wetland                                        23            9
                                  Subtotal              1            265          107


            19 Open Land. Other

               191 Outdoor-Public Assembly                             3            1
               192 Urban Open Lots                                     5            2
               193 Outdoor Recreation                 10              27           11
               194 Cemeteries
                                  Subtotal            12              35           14


                                                                Total Acres         719
                                                                Total Hectares      291

            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                      Feet        Meters
               195 Sea Walls                                          4453         1358.
               196 Revetments                                        11316         3450
               197 Groins                                        # of Groins      6
               198 Dock Non-Flow-Through         44              # of Docks       3









                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                            1992


                                    Civil Jurisdiction
                                    Summary Data Sheet

          County: Ashland
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Sanborn
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

             T47N R2W  SEC  1    T48N R3W  SEC 1   SEC 19    T48N R4W  SEC 24
             T48N R2W  SEC  7              SEC 2    SEC 20   T49N R3W  SEC 27
                       SEC  17             SEC 3                       SEC 28
                       SEC  18             SEC 4                       SEC 34
                       SEC  20             SEC 5                       SEC 35
                       SEC  21             SEC 9
                       SEC  26             SEC'12
                       SEC  27             SEC 16
                       SEC  35             SEC 17
                       SEC  36             SEC 18
                                   LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                            of structures     Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential


            111  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            112  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            113  Res. units                     80              58           23
                 garages                        15
                 sheds                          34
                 barns
            115  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds        Subtotal         129              58           23

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist
            126 Institutional
                                Subtotal


          13 Industrial


            138'Industrial Park


                                             45






                                                     of structures        Acres  Area  Hectares

             14 Transgortation

                141 Air Transportation
                142 Rail Transportation
                143 Water Transportation
                143.1 'Private Marina
                I                                                                         <1
                ..43.2 Public Boat Landing                                   I
                IL44 Highways
                IL45 Communications                        .5                2
                IL46 Utilities
                147 Sewage Treatment Plant
                IL48 Landfill        Subtotal              5                 3

             17'Extractive

                171 Open Pit
                3.72 Underground
                173 Well
                179 Other Extractive
                                          Subtotal


             18 Acrricultural and Natural

                181 AF  Abandoned Field                                     24            10
                182 AG  Agriculture Active
                183 F   Forest                                           1187            481
                184 H   Heath                                             246            100
                185 OW  Open Water                                        211             85
                1.86 RL Rock Ledge
                1.87 SL Slump Zone                                          23              9
                1.88 WT Wetland                                           751            304
                                     Subtotal                            2441            988


             19 ORen    @and. Other

                191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
                192 Urban Open Lots
                193 Outdoor Recreation                     I                 I            <1
                194 Cemeteries
                                     Subtotal              1                 1            <1


                                                                    Total Acres           2502
                                                                    Total Hectares        1013


             Shoreline Modifications                                             Linear
                                                                            Feet         Meters
                195 Sea Walls                                                922            281...
                196 Revetments                                              2027            618..
                197 Groins                                               of Grains      1
                1.98 Dock Non-Flow-Through           46                  of Docks




I
I
I                                   APPENDIX II
I                           Bayfield County Data Sheets
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
                                         47
1









                  Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                             1992


                                County Summary Data Sheet

           County: Bayfield
           Coastal Civil Jurisdiction included in summary (in alphabetical
           order).

              Town of Barksdale       Town of Eileen
              City of Bayfield        Town of Orienta
              Town of Bayfield        Town of Port Wing
              Town of Bayview         City of Russell
              Town of Bell            City of.Washburn
              Town of Clover








                                    LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          I of structures      Acres Area Hectares

           11 Residential

             111  Res. units
                  garages
                  sheds
             112  Res. units                      7               4          2
                  garages                         I
                  sheds
             113  Res. units                    804             378         153
                  garages                       202
                  sheds                         275
                  barns                           6
             115  Res. units                      9               1          1
                  garages
                  sheds       Subtotal          1304            384         156

           12 Commercial


             121 Central Business Dist
             122 Shopping Center/Mall
             124 Neighborhood Business Dist 135                  65          26
             126 Institutional                    8               8          3
                                Subtotal        143              73          30


           13 Industrial
             138 Industrial Park             49   7              19          8






                                             of structures      Acres Area Hectares

           14 Transportation

             141 Aiz' , Transportation
             1.42 Rail Transportation
             143 Water Transportation
             143.1 Private Marina                 42              78          32
             143.2 Public Boat Landing             3              14           2
             144 Highways                                         @0           8
             145 Communications                                   I
             146 Utilities                                        !i          <1
             147 Sewage Treatment Plant            4              io           4
             148 Landfill
                                Subtotal          49            1i2           45

           17 Extra:tive

             171 Open Pit
             172 Underground'
             173 Well
             179 Other Extractive
                                    Subtotal

           18 Agricultural and Matural

             181  AF Abandoned Field               2            279         113
             182  AG Agriculture Active            1              95          34
             183  F  Forest                                     77tO        3139
             184  H  Heath                                                    27
             185  OW Open Water                                 210           85
             186  RL Rock Ledge                                   I
             187  SL SlurAp Zone                                  ï¿½2          37
             1.88 WT Wetland                                    6@6         270
                                Subtotal           3            9148        3705

           19 Open Land, Other

             191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
             192 Urban Open Lots                                  :4           2
             193 Outdoor Recreation               24              12          29
             194 Cemeteries                                       II          <1
                                Subtotal          24              17          31


                                                          Total   Acres       9813.
                                                                  1
                                                          Total   Hectares    3974


           Shoreline Modifications                                    Linear
                                                                  Feet      Meters
             195 Sea Walls                                        014         2108.
             196 Revetments                                     11623         3544
             197 Groins                                   of Groins    10
             198 Dock Non-Flow-Through        so          of Docks      5









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Barksdale
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T48N R4W SEC 7            T48N R5W  SEC 24
                         SEC 18                    SEC 25
                         SEC 19                    SEC 26
                                                   SEC 35
                                                   SEC 36







                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     92            58         24
                garages                        31
                sheds                          40
                barns                           1
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds       Subtotal          164            58         24

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist                   <1         <1
            126 Institutional
          13 Industrial        Subtota1                      <1         <1

            138 Industrial Park


                                           51











                                                                                             Area
                                                             of structures            Acres        Hectares

               14 TXansportation

                  1.41 Air Transportation
                  1.42 Rail Transportation
                  1.43 Water Transportation
                  2.43.1 Private Marina
                  1.43.2 Public Boat Landing                                            11             <1
                  1.44 Highways                                                         17               3
                  1.45 Communications                                                   i                               1
                  1.46 Utilities                                                        ki             <1
                  1.47 Serwage Treatment Plant
                  1.48 Landf ill
                                           Subtotal                                       8              3


               17 Extractive

                  1.71 Open Pit
                  1.72 Underground
                  173 Well
                  1.79 Other Extractive
                                                 Subtotal

               18 Agricultural and Natural

                  181   AF  Abandoned Field                                             50             20
                  182   AG  Agriculture Active                                          14               2
                  183   F   Forest                                                    401             199
                  184   H   Heath                                                       <1             <1
                  1.85  OW  Open Water                                                  11               4
                  1.86  RL  Rock Ledge                                                  I
                  3.87  SL  Slurap Zone                                                 11             <1
                  1.88  WT  Wetland                                                     62             25
                                          Subtotal                                    620             251


               19 Oven     @and. Other

                  191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
                  192 Urban Open Lots
                  193 Outdoor Recreation
                  194 Cemeteries
                                          Subtotal                             Total    Acres            686
                                                                               Total    Hectares         27EI

               Shoreline Modifications                                                       Linear
                                                                                        Feet          Metez.-s
                  195 Sea Walls                                                         ! 124             38
                  196 Revetments.                                                       @252             687
                  197 Groins                                                        of!Groins        I
                  198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                                         of Docks

                                                             52









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: City of Bayfield
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T50N R4W SEC 13
                         SEC 14











                                 LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acr?=s Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            Ill Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                    127            52         21
                garages                       31
                sheds                         29
                barns
            115 Res. units                      9              1        <1
                garages
                sheds
                            Subtotal          187            53         21


          12 Commercial

            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist    69             28         11
            126 Institutional                   6              4          1
                              Subtotal        75             32         13


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park           53






                                                             of st,uctures             Acres  Area  Hectares

               14 Transiortation

                  141 Air, Transportation
                  142 Rail Transportation
                  143 Water Transportation
                  143.1 Private Marina                             26                   27
                  143.2 Public Boat Landing
                  144 Highways
                  145 Communications
                  146 Utilities                                                         <1               <1
                  147 Seurage Treatment Plant
                  148 Landfill             Subtotal                26                   27               11

               17 Extractive

                  171 Open Pit
                  172 Underground
                  173 Well
                  179 Other Extractive
                                                 Subtotal

               18 Agricultural and Natural

                  181   AF  Abandoned Field                                             ;7                3
                  182   AG Agriculture Active                                           i
                  183   F   Forest                                                      @0               12
                  184   H   Heath
                  185   OW  Open Water                                                  <1               <1
                  186   RL  Rock Ledge
                  1,87  SL  Slump Zone
                  1.88  WT  Wetland        Subtotal                                     37               15

               19 ORen     Land. Other

                  1.91 Outdoor-Public Assembly
                  192 Urban Open Lots                                                     3               1
                  1.93 Outdoor Recreation
                  194 Cemeteries
                                           Subtotal                  1                    5               2


                                                                               Total Acres                153;
                                                                               Total Hectares              62
               Shorelin@ Modifications                                                  Feet  Linear   Meters
                  195 Sea Walls                                                           652             1951
                  196 Revetments                                                                             -7
                                                                                        3272              998
                  197 Groins                                                         of Groins
                  198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                   54                     of Docks









                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                             1992


                                    civil Jurisdiction
                                    Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Bayfield
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

             T50N R3W    SEC 6      T51N R5W    SEC 1       T52N R5W SEC 34
                         SEC 7                  SEC 3                  SEC 35
             T50N R4W    SEC 12                 SEC 4                  SEC 36
                         SEC 14                 SEC 7
                         SEC 22                 SEC 8
                         SEC 23                 SEC 9
                         SEC 27                 SEC 18
                         SEC 28                 SEC 19



                                   LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                            of structures      Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

             111 Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
             112 Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
             113 Res. units                      56              35          14
                 garages                         14
                 sheds                           19
                 barns
             115 Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds        Subtotal           89              35          14

          12 Commercial


             121 Central Business Dist
             122 Shopping Center/Mall
             124 Neighborhood Business Dist        6              5          2
             126 Institutional                     1              2          1
                                Subtotal           7              7          3


          13 Industrial


             138 Industrial Park


                                             55






                                           of structures      Acres Area Hectares

          14 Transortation

             141 Air Transportation
             142 Rail Transportation
             143 Water Transportation
             143.1 Private Marina               3             17           7
             143.2 Public Boat Landing
             144 Highways
             145 Communications
             146 Utilities
             147 Sewage Treatment Plant         1              3           1
             148 Landfill
                              Subtotal          4             20           8


          17 Extra tive

             171 Open Pit
             172 Underground
             173 Well
             179 Other Extractive
                                   Subtotal

          18 Agricultural and Natural

             181 AF Abandoned Field                           24          10
             182 AG Agriculture Active                         6           2
             183F   Forest                                  1551         628
             184H   Heath                                      1          <1
             185 OW Open Water                                17           7
             186 RL Rock Ledge
             187 SL Slump Zone                                 4           2
             188 WT Wetland                                   68          27
                              Subtotal                      1669         676

          19 Open Land. Other

             191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
             192 Urban Open Lots
             193 Outdoor Recreation
             194 Cemeteries
                              Subtotal                  Total Acres       1731
                                                        Total Hectares     701

          Shoreline Modifications                                 Linear
                                                              Feet       Meters
             195 Sea Walls                                    1055         32.2
             196 Revetments
             197 Groins                                     of Groins
             198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                      of Docks     1

                                           56









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                          1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village  or City name: Town of Bayview
          PLSS section data  sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T49N R4W   SEC 4          T50N R4W SEC 33
                          SEC 5                    SEC 34
                          SEC 8
                          SEC 9
                          SEC 16
                          SEC 21
                          SEC 22
                          SEC 27
                          SEC 28


                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures     Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential


            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            li2 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     60            26
                garages                        25
                sheds                          18
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds        Subtotal         103            26

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist
            126 Institutional
          13 Industrial        Subtotal

            138 Industrial Park


                                           57






                                                 of sth-uctures       Acres Area Hectares.

            14 Trans3ortation

               3.41 Air Transportation
               3.42 Rail Transportation
               3.43 Water Transportation
               3.43.1 Private Marina
               1.43.2 Public Boat Landing                             <1           <1
               1.44 Highways
               1.45 communications
               1.46 utilities
               1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
               1.48 Landf ill
                                  Subtotal             1              <1           <1


            17 Extractive

               1.71 Open Pit
               1.72 Underground
               173 Well
               179 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            18 Agricultural and Natural

               181 AF  Abandoned Field                                28           11
               182 AG Agriculture Active                               2            1
               183 F   Forest                                         678         275
               184 H   Heath                                          10            4
               185 OW  Open Water                                      9            4
               1.86 RL Rock Ledge
               187 SL  Slump Zone                                     <1           <1
               1.88 WT Wetland                                        91           37
                                  Subtotal                            819         332


            19 Or)en Land. Other

               191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
               192 Urban Open Lots
               193 Outdoor Recreation
               194 Ceneteries
                                  Subtotal


                                                               Total Acres          845
                                                               Total Hectares       342


            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                      Feet        Metet-sl
               195 Sea Walls                                           246           75
               196 Revetments                                           70           23..
               197 Groins                                           of Groins     3
               3.98 Dock Non-Flow-Through                           of pocks

                                                 58










                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                          1992


                                  civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Bell
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               TSON R6W SEC 6            T51N R6W SEC   22
                                                    SEC 23
                                                    SEC 24
                                                    ,SEC 27
                                                    SEC 29
                                                    SEC 31
                                                    SEC 32
                                                    SEC 33
                                                    SEC 34


                                  LAND USE--CATEGORIES
                                          of structures     Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential


            Ill Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                    152             61          25
                garages                        38
                sheds                          40
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds        Subtotal         230             61          25

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist      8              3           1
            126 Institutional
          13 Industrial        Subtotal         8              3           1

            138 Industrial Park


                                           59






                                                 of structures        Acres Area liectares

            14 Trans)ortation

               141 Ail' Transportation
               142 Rail Transportation
               143 Water Transportation
               143.1 Private Marina                   10              11             5
               1.43.2 Public Boat Landing
               1.44 Highways
               1.45 communications
               146 Utilities
               1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
               1.48 Landf ill
                                  Subtotal            10              11             5


            17 Extra,.tive

               1.71 open Pit
               1.72 Underground
               1.73 Well
               1.79 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            IS Acrriciltural and Natural

               3.81 AF Abandoned Field                                13             5
               182 AG  Agriculture Active                             12             5
               183 F   Forest                                         916         371
               184 H   Heath                                          37           15
               3.85 OW Open Water                                     12             5
               186 RL  Rock Ledge
               187 SL  Slump Zone                                       7            3
               188 WT  Wetland                                        55           22
                                  Subtotal                           1052         426


            19 Open Land, Other

               191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
               192 Urban Open Lots
               193 Outdoor Recreation                                   -1         <1
               194 Cemeteries
                                  Subtotal                              1          <1


                                                               Total Acres         1128
                                                               Total Hectares        457

            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                      Feet        Meters
               195 Sea Walls
               196 Revetments
               197 Groins                                           of Groins 1
               198 Dock Non-Flow-Through         60                 of Docks      1









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Clover
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T50N R7W  SEC 1           T51N R7W  SEC 24
                         SEC 4                     SEC 25
                         SEC 5                     SEC 26
                         SEC 6                     SEC 27
                         SEC 7                     SEC 33
                         SEC 8                     SEC 34
                                                   SEC 35
                                                   SEC 36



                                 LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                        I of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                    97             65          26
                garages                       24
                sheds                         60
                barns                           4
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds       Subtotal          185            65          26

          12 Commercial

            121 central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist    11              3           1
            126 Institutional
                              Subtotal        11               3          1


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park           .61






                                                 of stKuctures        Acres Area Hectares

            14 Tl:ans)ortation
               1.41 Air Transportatidn
               1.42 Rail Transportation
               1.43 Water Transportation
               1.43.1 Private Marina
               1.43.2 Public Boat Landing                               2            1
               1.44 Highways
               1.45 Communications
               1.46 Utilities
               1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
               3.48 Landf ill
                                   Subtotal                             2            1

            17 ELctra,,tive

               3.71 Open Pit
               3.72 Underground
               1, 7 3 Wel I
               179 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            18 Agricultural_ and Natural

               181 AF  Abandoned Field                 1              84           34
               182 AG  Agriculture Active              1              19             8
               183 F   Forest                                         770         312
               184 H   Heath                                            2            1
               185 OW  Open Water                                     -77          31
               186 RL  Rock Ledge
               187 SL  Slump Zone                                     33           13
               188 WT  Wetland                                        173          70
                                  Subtotal             2             1157         469


            19 Open Land, Other

               191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
               192 Urban Open Lots
               193 Outdoor Recreation                  2                5            2
               194 Cemeteries
                                  Subtotal             2                5            2


                                                               Total Acres         1231
                                                               Total Hectares        4919

            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                      Feet        Meters
               195 Sea Walls                                             45           14
               196 Revetments                                         1162           354
               197 Groins                                           of Groins     2
               198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                             of Docks

                                                 62










                Lake superior coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Eileen
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T47N R5W SEC 1













                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     2              2          1
                garages
                sheds
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds       Subtotal           2              2          1

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist     4              4          1
            126 Institutional
          13 Industrial       Subtotal         4              4          1

            138 Industrial Park


                                          63






                                           of st uctures      Acres Area Hectares

           14 'Trans-ortation

             141 Air Transportation
             142 Rail Transportation
             143 Water Transportation
             143.1 Private Marina
             143.2 Public Boat Landing
             144 Highways                                     12           5
             145 Communications
             146 Utilities
             147 Sewrage Treatment Plant
             148 Landfill
                               Subtotal                       12           5


           17 Extrative

             171 Open Pit
             172 Underground
             173 Well
             179 Other Extractive
                                   Subtotal

           18 Agricultural And Natural

             181 AF Abandoned Field                           <1          <1
             182 AG Agriculture Active
             183 F  Forest                                    10           4
             184 H  Heath
             185 OW Open Water                                30          12
             186 RL Rock Ledge
             187 SL Slump Zone
             188 WT Wetland                                   54          22
                              Subtotal                        94          38

           19 Open Land, Other

             191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
             192 Urban Open Lots
             193 Outdoor Recreation
             194 Cemeteries
                              Subtotal                  Total Acres        112
                                                        Total Hectares      45;

           Shoreline Modifications                                Linear
                                                              Feet       Meters
             195 Sea Walls
             196 Revetments                                   2244         681@_.
             197 Groins                                     of Groins
             198 Dock Non-Flow-Through      64              of Docks









                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                          1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Orienta
          PLSS section data sheets included in jummary (give full
          description):

               T49N R9W SEC 4            T50N R9W   SEC 25
                          SEC 5                     SEC 33
                          SEC 6                     SEC 34
                                                    SEC 35
                                                    SEC 36







                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures     Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            112  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            113  Res. units                     34                        7
                 garages                        7
                 sheds                          20
                 barns
            115  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds       Subtotal           61           17           7

          12 Commercial

            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist      4             4           2
            126 Institutional
                               Subtotal          4            4           2

          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park            65






                                             of st,uctures       Acres Area  Hectares

           1.4_Transportation

             141 Aix, Transportation
             142 Rail Transportation
             143 Water Transportation
             143.1 Private Marina
             143.2 Public Boat Landing
             144 Highways
             145 Communications
             146 Utilities
             147 Seurage Treatment Plant
             148 Landfill
                                Subtotal

           17 EXtra.*tive

             1.71 Open Pit
             1.72 Underground
             1.73 Well
             1.79 Other Extractive
                                    Subtotal

           IS Agricultural and Natural

             181 AF  Abandoned Field                             39           16
             182 AG  Agriculture Active
             183 F   Forest                                      625        253
             184 H   Heath                                        1           <1
             185 OW  Open Water                                  -12          5____
             186 RL  Rock Ledge
             187 SL  Slump Zone                                  16           7
             188 WT  Wetland                                     13           5
                                Subtotal                         705        286


           19 Open  LAnd. Other

             191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
             192 Urban Open Lots
             193 Outdoor Recreation               2               3           1
             194 Cemeteries
                                Subtotal          2               3           1


                                                          Total Acres         721)
                                                          Total Hectares      2 95


           Shoreline Modifications                                   Linear
                                                                 Feet       Meters
             195 Sea Walls                                        195          Ell)
             196 Revetments                                      1096         32:41.
             197 Groins                                       of Groins
             198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                        of pocks

                                             66









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Port Wing
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T50N R8W  SEC  11
                         SEC  12
                         SEC  14
                         SEC  15
                         SEC  19
                         SEC  20
                         SEC  21
                         SEC  22
                         SEC  30  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     27             19          8
                garages                        4
                sheds                          13
                barns                          1
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds        Subtotal          45             19          8

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist     2               1         <1
            126 Institutional
                               Subtotal        2               1         <1


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park            67











                                                                      Area
                                              of structures       Acres    Hectares

           ,L4_Transiortation

             141 Air, Transportation
             142 Rail Transportation
             143 Water Transportation
             143.1 Private Marina                                  3            1
             143.2 Public Boat Landing             2               2            1
             144 Highways
             145 Communications
             146 Utilities
             147 Seurage Treatment Plant
             148 Landfill       Subtotal           2               5            2

           17 Extractive

             171 Open Pit
             172 Underground
             173 Well
             179 Other Extractive
                                     Subtotal


           18 Agricultural and Natural


             181  AF Abandoned Field               1              18            7
             182  AG Agriculture Active                            5            2
             183  F  Forest                                       647        262
             184  H  Heath                                        13
             185  OW Open Water                                   32           13
             186  RL Rock Ledge
             1.87 SL Slump Zone                                   30            12
             1.88 WT Wetland                                      84           34
                                Subtotal           1              828        335


           19 Open Land.-Other

             191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
             192 Urban Open Lots
             193 Outdoor Recreation                1               4            2
             194 Cemeteries
                                Subtotal           1               4            2


                                                           Total Acres          857'
                                                           Total Hectares       347'
           Shoreline Modifications                                Feet Linear Meters
             195 Sea Walls                                         510          15E'-.
             196 Revetments
             3.97 Groins                                         of Groins I
             198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                           of Docks    i

                                              68









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Russell
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T51N R3W  SEC  6          T51N R4W  SEC 1
                         SEC  7                    SEC 2
                         SEC  8          T52N R3W  SEC 31
                         SEC  16         T52N R4W  SEC 21
                         SEC  17                   SEC 22
                         SEC  20                   SEC 26
                         SEC  21                   SEC 27
                         SEC  29                   SEC 28
                         SEC  30                   SEC 35
                         SEC  31                   SEC 36
                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential


            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units                     6              3          1
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     84             40         16
                garages                        9
                sheds                          17
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds        Subtotal         116             44         18

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist     9              8          3
            126 Institutional
                               Subtotal        9              8          3


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park            69  1              5          2






                                                             of structures            Acres  Area  Hectares

               14 Trans)ortation

                  3.41 Air Transportation
                  3.42 Rail Transportation
                  3.43 Water Transportation
                  1.43.1 Private Marina                                                 7                3
                  1.43.2 Public Boat Landing
                  3.44 Highways
                  3.45 Communications
                  3.46 Utilities
                  3.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
                  1.48 Landf ill
                                          Subtotal                  2                   7                3


               17 Extractive

                  1.71 Open Pit
                  1.72 Underground
                  1.73 Well
                  1.79 Other Extractive
                                                 Subtotal


               18 Actriciltural and Natural


                  1.81  AF  Abandoned Field                                            16                6
                  1.82  AG  Agriculture Active
                  1.83  F   Forest                                                  1794              727
                  184   H   Heath                                                       2                1
                  185   OW  Open Water                                                  9                4
                  1.86  RL  Rock Ledge
                  1.87  SL  Slump Zone                                                  1              <1
                  1.88  WT  Wetland                                                    65              26
                                          Subtotal                                  1886              764


               19 ORen     @and, Other

                  191 outdoor-Public Assembly
                  192 Urban Open Lots
                  193 Outdoor Recreation                            3                  15                6
                  194 Cemeteries                                                        1              <1
                                          Subtotal                  3                  15                6


                                                                              Total    Acres           1966,
                                                                              Total    Hectares          796,


               Shoreline Modifications                                                       Linear
                                                                                       Feet           Meters
                  195 Sea Walls                                                        1739              530,
                  196 Revetments                                                        539              164..
                  197 Groins                                                        of Groins
                  198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                                         of  Docks        1

                                                             70









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Bayfield
          Township, Village or city name: City of Washburn
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T48N R4W SEC 4            T49N R4W SEC 32
                         SEC 5                     SEC 33
                         SEC 6                     SEC 34










                                 LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units                     1               1         <1
                garages                        1
                sheds
            113 Res. units                    73             40          16
                garages                       19
                sheds                         19
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds       Subtotal          113            42          17

          12 commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist    22               9         4
            126 Institutional                  1               3         1
                              Subtotal        23             12          5


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park           71   6             13          5






                                                 of structures       Acres Area Hectares

            14 Trans)ortation

              1.41 Air Transportation
              1.42 Rail Transportation
              1.43 Water Transportation
              1.43.1 Private Marina                     1.            11             4
              1.43.2 Public Boat Landing                               I           <1
              1.44 Highways
              1.45 Communications
              1.46 Utilities                                           1           <1
              1.47 Sevrage Treatment Plant              3              7             3
              1.48 Landf ill      Subtotal              4             19             8

            17 Extra,.tive

              1.71 Open Pit
              1.72 Underground
              1.73 Well
              1.79 Other Extractive    Subtotal

            18 Agriciltural and Natural

              181  AF  Abandoned Field                                <1           <1
              182  AG  Agriculture Active                             36           15
              183  F   Forest                                        238           97
              184  H   Heath
              185  OW  Open Water                                      2             1___.
              186  RL  Rock Ledge
              187  SL  Slump Zone                                     <1           <1
              188  WT  Wetland    Subtotal                             4             2
                                                                     281          114


            19 Open Land. Other

              191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
              192 Urban Open Lots                                      1           <1
              193 Outdoor Recreation                   14             43           is
              194 Cemeteries
                                  Subtotal             14             44           18


                                                                Total Acres          41JL
                                                                Total Hectares       167


            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                      Feet      -Meters;
              195 Sea Walls                                           2347           7.5
              196 Revetments                                           988           3 01
              197 Groins                                            of Groins     2
              198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                              of Docks     I

                                                 72




I
I
I                                   APPENDIX III
I                            Douglas County Data Sheets
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1                                        73
1
0









                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                            1992

                               County Summary Data Sheet

          County: Douglas
          Coastal Civil Jurisdiction included in summary (in alphabetical
          order).

              Town of Cloverland
              Town of Lakeside
              City of Superior










                                   LAND USE  CATEGORIES
                                            of structures     Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            111  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            112  Res. units                       5              1           1
                 garages
                 sheds
            113  Res. units                    409            149          60
                 garages                       258
                 sheds                          76
                 barns
            115  Res. units                    110             20            8
                 garages                          I
                 sheds                          45
                              Subtotal         904            170          69


          12 Commercial

            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist      22             36          15
            126 Institutional                     7            10            4
                                Subtotal        29             46          19


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park             75  60            -150         61






                                                             of structures             Acres  Area  Hectares

               14 Trans)ortation

                  141 Air Transportation
                  142 Rail Transportation                            1                  56               23
                  1,43 Water Transportation                                             53               22
                  1,43.1 Private Marina                                                 16                7"
                  1,43.2 Public Boat Landing                                            ___4              2___
                  1.44 Highways                                                         34               14
                  1.45 Communications                                                      2              1
                  1.46 Utilities                                     9                  10                4
                  1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant                        8                  22                9
                  1.48 Landf ill
                                           Subtotal                 30                 197               80


               17-Extra.,tive

                  1.71 Open Pit
                  1.72 Underground
                  1.73 Well
                  1.79 Other Extractive
                                                  Subtotal

               IS Agriciltural sInd Natural

                  3.81  AF   Abandoned Field                                           362             147
                  182   AG   Agriculture Active
                  3.83  F    Forest                                                   2264             917
                  184   H    Heath                                                     101               41
                  3.85  OW   Open Water                                                130               53
                  3.86  RL   Rock Ledge
                  187   SL   Slump Zone                                                192               78
                  3.88  WT   Wetland                                                   279             113
                                           Subtotal                                   3327             1348

               19 Open Lgn . Other

                  191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
                  192 Urban Open Lots                                                   11                5
                  193 Outdoor Recreation                             7                  25               10
                  194 Ceineteries
                                           Subtotal                  7                  36               is


                                                                               Total    Acres            3928
                                                                               Total    Hectares         1591L

               Shoreline ModifiQations                                                        Linear
                                                                                        Feet           Metgrgj
                  195 Sea Walls                                                        19480             5939
                  196 Revetments                                                       10314             3145
                  197 Groins                                                   of Groins        3
                  198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                   76               of Docks         3









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Douglas
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Cloverland
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T49N R10W SEC 1           T49N R11W SEC 13
                         SEC 2                     SEC 14
                         SEC 3                     SEC 22
                         SEC 8                     SEC 23
                         SEC 9
                         SEC 10
                         SEC 17
                         SEC 18



                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

            ill Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     1              1         <1
                garages
                sheds                          1
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds       Subtotal           2                        <1

          12 commercial

            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist
            126 Institutional
                              Subtotal


          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park           77






                                             of structures       Acres Area Hectares

           14 Trans)ortation

              1.41 Air Transportation
              1.42 Rail Transportation
              1.43 Water Transportation
              3.43.1 Private Marina
              3.43.2 Public Boat Landing                          2           1
              3.44 Hic  ays
                    .;hw
              3.45 Communications
              3.46 Utilities
              3.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
              3.48 Landfill
                                Subtotal                          2           1


           17 Extra,,tive

              3.71 Open Pit
              172 Underground
              173 Well
              3.79 Other Extractive
                                     Subtotal


           18 Agricultural and Natural

              181 AF Abandoned Field                             11           4
              182 AG Agriculture Active
              183 F  Forest                                      946        383
              184 H  Heath                                        1          <1
              185 OW Open Water                                  16           7
              186 RL Rock Ledge
              187 SL Slump Zone                                  75          31
              188 WT Wetland                                     29          12
                                Subtotal                        1078        437


           19 Open Land. Other

              191 outdoor-Public Assembly
              192 Urban Open Lots
              193 Outdoor Recreation                              1          <1
              194 Cemeteries
                                Subtotal                          1          <1


                                                          Total Acres        1082
                                                          Total Hectares      42:13

           Shoreline Modifications                                   Linear
                                                                 Feet       Meters
              195 Sea Walls
              196 Revetments
              197 Groins                                       of Groins
              198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                        of Docks

                                              78









                Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                         1992


                                  Civil Jurisdiction
                                  Summary Data Sheet

          County: Douglas
          Township, Village or City name: Town of Lakeside
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

               T49N R11W SEC 21          T49N R12W SEC 25
                         SEC 28                    SEC 27
                         SEC 29                    SEC 28
                         SEC 30                    SEC 31
                                                   SEC 32
                                                   SEC 33
                                                   SEC 34
                                                   SEC 35
                                                   SEC 36


                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                          of structures    Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential


            111 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            112 Res. units
                garages
                sheds
            113 Res. units                     36             9          4
                garages                         4
                sheds                           5
                barns
            115 Res. units
                garages
                sheds       Subtotal           45            9           4

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist
            126 Institutional
                              Subtotal


          13 Industrial


            138 Industrial Park


                                          79






                                                 of structures        Acres Area Hectares

            14 Trans)ortation

               1.41 Air Transportation
               1.42 Rail Transportation
               1.43 Water Transportation
               1.43.1 Private Marina
               1.43.2 Public Boat Landing
               1.44 Highways
               1.45 Communications
               3.46 Utilities
               1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
               3.48 Landf ill
                                  Subtotal


            17 Extra,,tive

               3.71 Open Pit
               3.72 Underground
               3.7 3 Wel 1
               3.79 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            18 Agriciltural and Natural

               181 AF  Abandoned Field                                  1          <1
               182 AG  Agriculture Active
               183 F   Forest                                         869         352
               184 H   Heath                                            8             3
               3.85 OW Open Water                                      27          11
               186 RL  Rock Ledge
               187 SL  Slump Zone                                     114          46
               188 WT  Wetland                                         15             6
                                  Subtotal                           1034         419


            19 ORen Land, Other

               191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
               192 Urban Open Lots
               193 Outdoor Recreation
               194 Cemeteries
                                  Subtotal                     Total Acres         1043
                                                               Total Hectares       42"!


            Shoreline Modifications                                        Linear
                                                                       Feet     -Meters
               195 Sea Walls
               196 Revetments
               197 Groins                                           of Groins
               198 Dock Non-Flow-Through         80                 of Docks      1









                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                             1992


                                    Civil Jurisdiction
                                    Summary Data Sheet

          County: Douglas
          Township, Village or City name: City of Superior
          PLSS section data sheets included in summary (give full
          description):

                T49N R13W  SEC 19          T49K R14W SEC 10
                           SEC 27                     SEC 11
                           SEC 28                     SEC 13
                           SEC 29                     SEC 14
                           SEC 30                     SEC 24
                           SEC 32
                           SEC 33
                           SEC 34
                           SEC 35
                           SEC 36  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                            of structures      Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential

             111 Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
             112 Res. units                        5              1           1
                 garages
                 sheds
             113 Res. units                     372            139          56
                 garages                        254
                 sheds                           70
                 barns
             115 Res. units                     110             20            8
                 garages                           1
                 sheds                           45
                              Subtotal          857            161          65

          12 Commercial


             121 Central Business Dist
             122 Shopping Center/Mall
             124 Neighborhood Business Dist      22             36          15
             126 Institutional                     7            10            4
                                Subtotal         29             46          19

          13 Industrial

             138 Industrial Park                 60            150          61

                                             81






                                                of st-uctures       Acres Area  Hectares

            14 Transportation

              141 Air Transportation
              142 Rail Transportation                 1              56           23
              143 Water Transportation                8              53           22
              143.1 Private Marina                    1              16            7
              143.2 Public Boat Landing                                2           1
              144 Highways                                           34           14
              145 communications                      3                2           1
              146 Utilities                           9              10            4
              147 Seurage Treatment Plant             8              22            9
              148 Landfill
                                  Subtotal            30            195           79


            17 Extra*tive

              171 Open Pit
              172 Underground
              173 Well
              179 Other Extractive
                                       Subtotal

            IS Agricultural and Natural

              181  AF Abandoned Field                               350          142
              182  AG Agriculture Active
              183  F  Forest                                        448          182
              184  H  Heath                                          92           37
              185  OW Open Water                                     87           35
              186  RL Rock Ledge
              1.87 SL Slump Zone                                       3           1
              1.88 WT Wetland                                       235           95
                                  Subtotal                          1215         492


            19 ORen   jand, Other

              191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
              1.92 Urban Open Lots                                   11            4
              193 Outdoor Recreation                  6              25           10
              194 Cemeteries
                                  Subtotal            6              36           14


                                                               Total Acres        1803
                                                               Total Hectares      730


            Shoreline Modifications                                       Linear
                                                                     Feet        Meter-s
              195 Sea Walls                                         19480         59391.
              196 Revetments                                        10314         314-r-',.
              197 Groins                                           of Groins     3
              198 Dock Non-Flow-Through                            of Docks - 2

                                                82




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                 Lake Superior Coastal Development Inventory Project:
                                          1992

                               County Summary Data Sheet

          County: Iron
          Coastal Civil Jurisdiction included in summary (in alphabetical
          order).

             Town of Saxon     (Note: Only the town of Saxon lies within
                               Iron County's coastal zone of Lake Superior.)











                                  LAND USE CATEGORIES
                                           of structures     Acres Area Hectares

          11 Residential


            111  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            112  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds
            113  Res. units                     10              6           2
                 garages                         1
                 sheds                           2
                 barns
            115  Res. units
                 garages
                 sheds       Subtotal           13              6           2

          12 Commercial


            121 Central Business Dist
            122 Shopping Center/Mall
            124 Neighborhood Business Dist                     <1         <1
            126 Institutional
                               Subtotal                        <1         <1

          13 Industrial
            138 Industrial Park            85






                                             of st.,uctures      Acres Area Hectares

           14 Trans)ortation

              1.41 Air Transportation
              1.42 Rail Transportation
              1.43 Water Transportation
              1.43.1 Private Marina
              1.43.2 Public Boat Landing                         11           5
              1.44 Highways
              1.45 Communications
              1.46 Utilities
              1.47 Sewage Treatment Plant
              1.48 Landfill
                                Subtotal           3             11           5


           17 Extra,,tive

              1.71 Open Pit
              3.72 Underground
              3.7 3 Wel I
              179 Other Extractive
                                     Subtotal

           18 Agricultural and Natural

              181 AF Abandoned Field
              182 AG Agriculture Active
              183 F  Forest                                      775        314
              184 H  Heath                                        1          <1
              185 OW Open Water                                   4           2
              186 RL Rock Ledge
              187 SL Slump Zone                                  59          24____
              IL88 WT Wetland   Subtotal                         839        340

           19 Open Land. Other

              191 Outdoor-Public Assembly
              192 Urban Open Lots
              193 Outdoor Recreation                              1          <1
              194 Cemeteries
                                Subtotal                          1          <1


                                                          Total Acres         857
                                                          Total Hectares      34,77


           Shoreline Modifications                                    Linear
                                                                 Feet       M e t
              195 Sea Walls
              196 Revetments                                      979         299
              :197 Groins                                 of Groins 2
              198 Dock Non-Flow-Through       86        Vof Docks




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