[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
LAKESIDE (TOWN OF) COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN SEP 1979 1.T e 393 I 6 T6 .1 1979 TOWN OF(4KESIDE COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Douglas County, Wisconsin COASTAL ZONE i I INFORMATION CENTER 'OWN OF ,KESIDE _Douglas County . Wisconsin I Lakeside Planning Committee Eugene Davidson Gerald Drain William Granlund Linda O'Hara Kathryn Johnson Anne Alexander Marvin Alexander Wallace Bartholomew Robin Bergland Donna Brown Albin Carlson Frances Carlson Ailie Erickson Paul Esselstrom Robert Johnson Alice Lintula Jarl Olson Sadie Olson Karen Runions Lee Swenson Town Chairman Supervisor Supervisor Clerk Treasurer Don Weyers Publication of this plan was provided for by the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program. Town of Lakeside Coastal Management Plan Prepared by Northwest Regional planning Commission No rthwest Regi On a , U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL SERVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON, SC 29405-24'1 September, 1979 e I. %- .. 1- Iz I , ' EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN Charles Tollander VICE CHAIRMAN Roland Kannenberg SEC'Y.-TREASURER Marvin Hanson EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Mark J. Mueller * ASHLAND COUNTY * PRICE COUNTY Robert Dusenbery Ernest Skotterud * BAYFIELD COUNTY * RUSK COUNTY Wallace Johnson Marvin Hanson * BURNETT COUNTY * SAWYER COUNTY Charles Tollander Chester Boncter * DOUGLAS COUNTY * TAYLOR COUNTY Donald Leggate Edwin Ahlers * IRON COUNTY * WASHBURN COUNTY Roland Kannenberg Edward Ellioatt * INDIAN RESERVATIONS Walter Sherman iRhuest 1EQC ONAL Plannri g COMMI$N eeonomic development distr', September 20, 1979 Mr. Eugene Davidson, Chairman Town of Lakeside Douglas County The Northwest Regional Planning Commission is pleased to present this completed Town of Lakeside Coastal Management Plan. It has been a pleasure to assist you in your progressive planning efforts. The Town of Lakeside is to be commended for its forward-thinking toward the coastal resource of Lake Superior. As the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program encourages governments to protect, preserve and intelligently develop coastal area re- sources, Itm sure that Lakeside's planning experience will provide a very instructive example of statewide significance. Be assured that our staff is ready to assist you in future planning efforts. Yours very truly, Mark J. Mueller Executive Director MJM:bjd I 302 UIhlnt Stet p Sooner. WUbonn 540". 75 65*27 This management plan was adopted by the Town of Lakeside, Douglas County, Wisconsin on July 10, 1979. Eugeng Davidson Town Chairman t Table of Contents Page 1 Introduction Part I Part II The A B C D E F G Physical Settin- History Geography Geology Climate Soils Erosion & Sedimentation Flood Hazard Areas 3 3 7 9 9 11 12 13 Background Studies A Population B Land Use C Transportation D Facilities & Services E Recreation 15 15 22 38 40 41 -J Part III Goals & Policies A Residential Development B Commercial Development C Recreation & Open Space Development D Industrial Development E Transportation Development F Agriculture & Forest Development 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 Table of Contents (cont.) Part IV Geographic Area of Management Concern 48 Part V Implementation of the Plan 51 Appendix 52 List of Plates Number Page 1 Location Map 4 2 Soils Map 14 3 Current Zoning Map 26 4 Current Land Use Map 27 5 Land Ownership Map 28 List of Tables Number Page 1 Population Projections 16 2 Population Changes 17 3 Family Incomes 20 4 Educational Attainment 21 5 Occupations 22 6 Farm & Woodland Land Use 23 7 Current Land Use 24 8 Building Setback Table 37 List of Figures Number Page I Age-Sex Comparison 1970 18 2 Static Toe Erosion Case 31 3 Dynamic Toe Erosion Case 32 INTRODUCTION A primary goal of the Coastal Management Program is to encourage unlits of government to control uses and activities that have a "direct and significant impact on coastal waters" and to preserve, protect, restore and, where possible,, develop the resources of the coastal zone. A trend in development is the haphazard, unorganized and wasteful expansion into rural areas. This development results in a financial burden that proves difficult to handle. The Town of Lakeside is located just east of the Duluth- Superior metropolitan area, and is certain to receive further development pressures. kn additional concern for the Town of Lakeside, is that the majority of soils in the town are highly erodible red clays. The soils are not suitable for soil absorption systems for waste disposal or construction on or near slopes. Further development of these areas will cause additional problems for town officials and property owners. The Planning Study Committee for this activity has recognized the sensitive nature of the shoreline and has made recommendations to address this concern, The Town of Lakeside recognized a need for a plan identifying development policies of the township. kt the same time, the Wisconsin Coastal Manage'ment Program expressed an interest in providing tecbnical assistance to local communities for manage- ment of Great Lakes shoreline areas. The needs of the Town and the intentions of the Coastal Program have been met in one comprehensive program to assist the town. The Town of Lakeside recognizes that the township will not be subjected to substantial growth in the near future. However, the town also recognizes that planning should take place now to prevent major problems from developing rather than later reacting to already occurring problems. Future investments of the Town of Lakeside must be compatible with the environment of' the coastal zone and Lake Superior. The preparation of this plan is the first step in assuring that compatibility. The Town of.Lakeside wishes to express its appreciation to the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program for providing the funding necessary for the development of goals and policies which, when implemented, will improve the quality of living in the township. i I -2- PART I THE PHYSICAL SETTING A. Brief History of Douglas County and the Town of Lakeside The early history of Douglas County is a story of the Indian. The first known inhabitants of what is now Douglas County were the Mound Builders. These were a rather mysterious, advanced group of people that appeared on the shores of Lake Superior sometime after the last glacier receded some 10,000 years ago. They mined copper in the Ninong Range and at Manitou Falls on the Black River. They pounded this metal into weapons, implements, and ornaments later to be found buried in curious mounds with their dead. Their civilization was eventually overrun by barbarous tribes, mainly of Muskhogean and Iroquois linguistic stock, and disappeared as a distinct culture in late prehistoric American times. Only the mounds remain. Next the Mascoutins, "People of the Fire', lived here by trapping beaver, harvesting wild rice, spearing whitefish, and hunting deer. They remained until about 1400 when the Dacotah (Sioux), who were forced westward by the Iroquois, drove them out. From this time on, there were successions of various Indian tribes from the northeastern United States invading and inhabiting this region, until finally in 1490O the Chippewas (formerly called Ojibwas) built a settlement on Bayfield County's -5- Regional Location Town of LAKESIDE S/P oQet\� J~, APOSTLE ISLANDS l XAshland iLAS I ~BAYFIELDl ASHLAND JIRON .IWASHBURN SAWYER _ inning R 'glon PRICE RUSK TAYLOR I I I - 1 I I Miles 0 10 20 Plate1 Madeline Island. They eventually moved Onto the mainland where they had a thriving community for over 120 years, until they were eventually overrun by white colonists. The first white men to visit the area were the French. In 1618, Stephen Brul1, a voyageur for Champlain, coasted along the south shore of Lake Superior where he met the Ojibwa. Upon returning to Quebec, he carried back some copper specimens and a glowing account of the region. In 1632, Champlain's map appeared, showing "Lac Superior de Tracy" as Lake Superior and the lower end shore as "Fond du Lac". Soon after, fur trading companies established settlements, while missionaries came bringing the first touches of civilization. Names and dates of some of those who pioneered in exploring the Douglas County area were Father Menard (1653), Radisson and Grosseilliers (1655), Father Claude Allouez (1668), Nicolas Perrot (1671), Sier Randin (1673), Daniel Greysolon Du L'Hut (1679), and Pierre Charles Le Sueur (1693). Douglas County lies on one of the major water highways used by early travelers and voyageurs of inland America. This water trail, the Bois Brule-St. Croix River Portage Trail, was the most convenient link between Lake Superior and the Mississippi River. The Bois Brule and St. Croix River systems are only separated by a short portage over a sub-Continental Divide near Solon Springs. The northward traveler used this water trail to take him to Lake Superior, while the downstream traveler could use it to go southwest to the Gulf of Mexico, unhindered by portages, by using the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers. J _ 1 l e 1 _ i I _ i -5- The waterway was also an important route in the Wisconsin fur trade, particularly when the French War with the Fox Indians closed the more southern routes. This territory was transferred to British rule by the Treaty of Paris in 1763 at the conclusion of the French and Indian War. It was explored by Capt. Jonathon Carver in 1767 and camne under the flag of the United States government in 1783 under terms of the Treaty of Peace of that year. Indian control of what is now Douglas County began to wane in the early 1800's and in 1847 the Chippewas signed a treaty giving up all rights to the region. With the Indian now on reservations, white settlers began to pour into the region to cut timber and prospect for minerals. In 1852, the government survey of townships in the county was completed. That same year the first settlers founded the City of Superior. A law enacted February 8, 1854, separated Douglas County from the larger County of La Pointe. Superior was immediately selected as the county seat, though it was not incorporated until 1887. St. Louis was actually the first name proposed for the County; however, R. R. Nelson submitted an amendment to change the proposed name to Douglas County after Nelson's friend, Stephen A. Douglas, the Little Giant of Democracy. The opening of the Federal Land Office at Superior in 1855 marked the beginning of the white man's transformation of this area. Homestead, mining, and lumbering sites were rapidly taken up. Villages sprang up, with some taking the names of trees, others honored lumber, real estate men and politicians. The Village of Gordon was founded in 1862 on the site of Antoine Gordon's I -6- 4 _. i ,0 q I I I r old trading post on the Eau Claire River. Solon Springs (White Birch) grew near the site of Nicolas Perrot's vanished fort of 1673. Other towns perpetuate the Indian names given to localities, streams, and lakes. Agriculture in Douglas County developed slowly. Whatever farming there was, developed in response to the needs of lumber camps. But the period between 1895 and 1920 witnessed a great transformation. In the north, with large areas of l.and still out of cultivation, a continuous, sometimes rapid, influx of agricultural immigrants took place. By a large proportion, these immigrants were Scandinavians, including Norwegians, Danes, Swedes, and Finns.- B. Geography Douglas County is divided between two of the five geographical provinces of Wisconsin. The Town of Lakeside lies within the Lake Superior lowland province which covers the northern part of the county, that area formerly occupied by Lake Superior. The boundary closely coin- cides with the topographic boundary provided by the escarpments at the juncture of the Lake Superior sandstone with the older igneous rocks. In topography it consists of a cla-y plain interrupted with morainic hills. The Northern Highland Province occupies that area south of the highest abandoned beach line of Lake Superior. The sub-Continental Divide that separates the St. Lawrence (Lake Superior) and Mississippi River drainage systems passes through the middle of Douglas County. The major drainage streams -7- which lie north of the divide and empty into Lake Superior are, from east to west, the Bois Brule, Poplar, Middle, Amnicon, Nemadji, and St. Louis Rivers.. Of these, the Poplar, Mliddle, and Amnicon River are found in the Town of Lakeside. The landscape of Douglas County varies greatly from north and south. The Lake Superior lowland which adjoins Lake Superior consists of a clay plain about 10 to 20 miles wide and slopes gently from the Superior escarpment to the lake. Short, swift streams flowing north into Lake Superior have out deep V-shaped valleys below the plain. During the glacial period the Lake Superior lowland was submerged under glacial Lake Superior and red clay was deposited on the old lake bed. The Superior escarpment, or Douglas Copper Range, is probably the most noticeable geologic feature in Douglas County. It extends east-west across the county from the Bayfield County line to Foxboro., and in some places rises 350 to 400 feet above the lowlands. It is not a continuous bedrock range, but is divided into three main ridges by the streams which cross it. These streams have cut deep gorges and have many rapids and falls where they drop from the hard rock of the escarpment to the soft clays and sandstone of the lowland. On the backslope south of the Superior escarpment, glacial features are especially noticeable. Here the land is mostly rolling upland interspersed with swamp wetlands. Elevations range from nearly 1,200 feet near the crest of the escarpment to 1,063 feet at Wascott. This compares with 629 feet for the City of Superior on the Lake Superior lowland. I -8- C. Geology Douglas County is underlain by ancient (Precambrian) sandstone and igneous bedrock. The northern part of the county is underlain with Superior red sandstone, over which is a thick mantle of clay and gravel,, forming an artesian slope. Crystalline igneous rock underlies the southern two-thirds of the county, with gabbro and basalt outcroppings common along the Superior escarpment and Totagatic River of southeastern Douglas County. Glacial deposits, reaching 200 feet over bedrock in some places, cover most of the county. Those deposits cover~ing the Lake Superior lowland are generally shallow lake basin deposits; however, deposits in the old buried valley under the St. Louis River are known to have a thickness of nearly 600 feet. D. Climate Douglas County has a humid, continental type of climate--long, cold winters with rather short, moderately warm suimmers. However, this climate is modified somewhat by the tempering influence of Lake Superior, and by local variations in topography. Lake Superior acts as a large storage basin for heat (or cold) and thus tends to increase the number of frost free da-ys along the lake, but it also acts as a coolant in the summer. As a consequence, the extreme northern part of the county adjoining Lake Superior has longer growing seasons, cooler suimmers, and slightly more precipitation than is found in the southern part of the county. The 140- to 160-day growing season along the lake is as long as the growing season in the extreme southern counties of Wisconsin. Thirty-six years of weather records show the frost i i i r I -9- 1 4 V free season at S-uperior averaged 153 days, with May 5 the average date for the last killing frost in the spring and October 5 the average date for the first killing frost in the fall. The longer growing season of the coastal area is counteracted by the red clay soils, which are too wet and cold to cultivate until long into the spring. Precipitation over the year (32.1 inches) averages slightly more than the state average (31.0 inches). Of the total average annual precipitation received (32.1 inches), about 18.6 inches runs off into stream drainage systems. About 60 percent of the rainfall comes in spring and summer, with an average of 8 inches in March, April, and May and 11 inches in June, July, and August. June is the rainiest month and February is the driest. Mean snowfall in inches varies from 50 near Solon Springs to around 40 along the lake. Snow blankets the ground about 60 days in southern Wisconsin, about 90 days in central Wiscons-in, and about 120 days in northern Wisconsin. Douglas County averages about 115 to 120 days in which snow blankets the ground. The Duluth-Superior Harbor is usually icebound from December until April, but Lake Superior itself normally does not completely freeze over. Unlike most Wisconsin counties, there is some difference in temperature from north to south within the county. The narrow strip which extends from Lake Superior southward to the Superior escarpment is modified by the lake so that the summers are cooler and the winters milder than on the upland south of the escarpment. The waters of Lake Superior are much cooler than the land in summer and relatively warmer than the land in late fall and winter. -10- Winds blowing over the water toward the land in suammer keep the air cooler, whereas in fall and winter winds from the lake tend to raise the air temperatures. However, the influence of the lake does not extend far inland, and southerly winds in suimmer bring warm days to southern Douglas County. The average annual temper- ature of Douglas County is 41 0F, with recorded extremes being 1080F and -4? 0F. E. Soils The soils of Lakeside, which greatly affect the chemical characteristics of surface waters, have been derived largely from the weathering of various glacial deposits. These deposits include lake deposits, glacial drift, and glacial stream deposits. Glacial lacustrine, or red clay soils, are found in the old lake plains adjoining Lake Superior. They were laid down under the waters of a larger glacial lake which once occupied the Lake Superior basin. These calcareous-~red clay soils are finely textured, resulting in very poorly drained soils. These soils cover about one-fourth of the total county area and contain large quantities of groundwater. However, the overlying clay deposits effectively prevent this water from reaching the surface as springs and creates artesian conditions. The small quantity of water that does reach the surface is usually of high quality and rich in car- bonates and nutrients. Two other soils of Lakeside are the peat soils of the bogs, resulting from the accumulation of grass, sedge, leaves, and moss in poorly drained areas, and the muck soils resulting from 1 _ I i I r I -11- the accumulation of organic and mineral matter in marshes and other wetlands. Exposed bedrock appears at the surface in only a few places. A description of the soils found in the Town of Lakeside is found in App-endix I. F. Erosion and Sedimentation Steep gradients and high velocities of streams in the "red clay" region cause streams to have high capacities for sediment transport. Sediment discharge of area streams is flashy with most sediment transported during short periods. Natural headward erosion by streams in the "red clay" area produces large quantities of sediment by downcutting and gullying of the erodible lake sediments. Clearcutting of forests, agricultural clearing, poor road construction and intensive grazing by live- stock on steep slopes and stream banks are factors that accelerate erosion and sediment yield. M~ost suspended sediment in streams is deposited in Lake Superior. The fine silt and clay particles remain suspended for a long time and spread out for several miles in the lake after heavy rains or spring runoff. Wave action, high lake levels and many of man's activities have caused large volumes of sediment to enter Lake Superior. Highly erodible sandy clay bluffs in the area are continually undercut by progressive wave undercutting. This is a serious problem in the region particularly in the mid 1920's because it is a period of heavy water yield to the basin and higher regulated lake levels both of which erode beaches and expose more banks to wave action. i 1 _ I I I -12- G. Flood Hazard Areas In December of 1978, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development published the flood hazard boundary maps for Douglas County. Those areas in the Town of Lakeside that have been identified as flood hazard areas zone A are those areas along Lake Superior and within the valleys of the following streams: the Amnicon River, M4iddle River, Poplar River, Bardon Creek, Wagner Creek and Miller Creek throughout their length in the Town. In addition, the first three-quarters of a mile upstream from Lake Superior of Hanson Creek is also classified as zone A. The flood hazard boundary maps for this area are community panel numbers: 550538 0002A, 550538 0003A, 550538 0005A and 550538 0006A. Not only are these areas subject to occasional flooding, but they also experience severe red clay erosion problems. For this reason it is suggested that man's intrusion into these areas be strictly limited. b -15- Soils Map W- I I I Amn icon Point - -~~~~~~~~~~~~ f- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~0 .5 ~~~A' ~ ~ -5 ____ 5 1,"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *.it! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~p LEGEND ASSOCIATION 1 214 B Dryburg sandy loom, 2 -6 % 214 C of1 o6-12% 2548 Ontonogon clay loam, 2-6 % 254C 11 1 o6-12% 262 Ontonogan-Rudyard silty clal Slopes II y loom, 0-3% Slopes Ontonogan silty cloy loom, 2-6% " Hibbing silty clay loam, 2- 6 % of~~m too, 6.-12% t 274B 281 B 281 C T49N. T48 N. ASSOCIATION 2 H267 Pickford silty clay loom, 0-2% " 268 Bergland silty clay loom, 0-2% 1 275 Rudyard silty clay loom, 0-3 % " 1347 Rudyard-Bergland silty clay loom L-i ~~0-3% Slopes ASSOCIATION 3 ci') _ I p I II f _ - 4m _, __ ,_r " 1, p, II i - -1-, ,, ", __ " 'Al"1111"', _411111141-11i, _11", L I ' R - F1F_*VfIZ 'k" R 3?.. 4" h.,-% .1. I ,,_ 1i - I ' -1 , i, '11- N N , ~~~ V ~~ 'IC 'Aw~,NO XAMNA/1~~_ _ ~ --~. 'S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -----.- 1/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~e 7 ,1 61 ............ .... .....~~~~~~~~~~ 'tz"~~~~~~~~~~.- ( .~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~**.~~~~~L %~~~~~ ! S NC * 3 6 Moquah fine sondy loom, 0-3 % Slopes Udif luvents, 0- 3 % Slopes ASSOCIATION 4~~ 274D Ontonogan silty clay loam, 0 ~~12-20% Slopes ASSOCIATION 5 274E Ontonogan silty clay loom, 20-30% Slopes 31D) Udorthents,clayey, 20-601) (Lakebanks and steep va lle \7 0,.:1 LA:11: z I -tt j -4 N) / _4 I ! w M. 17 -L I N ___ ES IDE M ICON I A .I ........ NN- i ............. ..... ! - - , I "li 14 I - -, I -) j > _ I I 41. Nu ,C 3 .. . ... I! '5' -1 I _ 1 4 k . I I v _ MORI, I - 1 1 _ d I V. Slopes ey slopes) I ( I z I I 4 T 4. T 1 _ T. .. i .t- , C m j z AKESIDE ~AM NIC ON 7 f One Mile Scale -- 71 t. I LTO WN O LAKESIDE ES E C OASTLMANGEETPLAI Plt2 --Douglas County. Wie-noin T O W N O F LAK ES D O S A A A E E T P A l t Current Zoning Map R IO R 5UFP LEGEND Zoning RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL iNDUSTRIAL TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATIONS INSTITUTIONAL RECREATION AGRICULTURE NATURAL AREAS UNZONED T.49 N T.48 N. LI [;15,-1 5 ' /7 - . .. . .J'/.7 . \-/6 Financial assistance for this study has been provided I/~J ' ' -- \ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....~/~ .....6 ""' == ........... .. ' - through the Wisconsin Coastal Zone Managment Devel- 6 >5< ".. e opment Program by the Coastal Zone Management Act ~~Lj~~~~~~ ~ ~ DK~~~~ESiDE k A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ j~ I~.... 1 ==) -of 1972 administered by the federal Office of Coastal ;co r~~ Icr W Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric -~ COr~ o == Administration. One Mile T~WNFLAEIDXI Scale 3 r TOWN OF LAKESIDE o COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Plate 3 TOWN OF LAKESIDE Douglas County . Wisonsn Current Land Use Map LEGEND LAND USE ~~ ( 1 -~IRESIDENTIAL * 11 Single Family 12 Two Family 13 Multi- family L AKF ~ 8514 Mobile Home 15 Group Quarters 2 - COMMERCIAL �k ............... 21 Retail Sales -----Amnicon Point ~ ~ . . . . . - --J 22 Retail Services - "~ ~! .'.,~'.~i'~,;,';~!)~ '{.'~C~-',*~-"~-. ~/,~. � ~ ,4~ ~;~},~,~[,3 - INDUSTRIAL U ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~31 Extractivye . T~ _ *"' '~~-~~.. ~ ~"~' : 85 32 ManufacturIng 33 Wholesaling 34 Storage .~~. ~ . ~ ~ ~~'~'~'~~' :~'.t ~~ ~~ k~f .~~:~:2y:' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 4 - TRANSPORTATION 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~,8. .4* ., ~1, �--.. ~ ~ , ~...:,. ~ ~.~u1 ir-.rltd,rnpotto 749N 44 RaIl related Transportation EIIIII~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rlaedTanpotai ~ t- ~ ~ .N,'~... T---~ , ~,~ ,..~ - 42 Motor Vehicle - related Transport4oeon 4 N 43 Marine - related Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~}j. t 4Storg .4 ~i :... .. R4a~ ; W; f4 5T,.. .... .... .. T RCOMMUNICATION UTILITIES i~~~~. , ..~~~~~~~~~. y..1 ~~~~~~~~~~~ '1 ~~~~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ 5~~1 Generation and Processing S .~ ;. . ?'..~K4 52 Transmission ''i' 1.j~~~~~7? ~~~. ~~. ~~~ 7 ~~ ~~.., ~ ~ ~ , .4~~~ 7 ~~~ 6 - 53 Waste Disposal and Recyclingspsaland ecylin ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~~63 Administrative -. '~ ',. ..~. .'"'"~~" :;-~ ' "- '. ~;;~:;'. ". '.'~"' ' ' "~~' ' ~ ' ~~~~~, .' 66' ' 'Cem'etery'~'" ~"~ ..................~ ......"-"'~T~: ....,..~~~~~.~,,~~~~~~~~~~6 ,C emeter ~~ ~~~ .. ..i ,. .,~. . ~ i 51 8 . 7 -OUTDOOR RECREATION ~~~~ ~~~~~~~ -~~~~~~~~~~A Li ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~~~71 Cultural / Natural 4273 Other Land Related T sa 74 Water Related g ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~8 - AGRICULTURE / SILVICULTURE .. (; ,_-f84 81 Cropland / Pasture .1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 14'.-. 83 Farm Buildings I .' i.6 84 Long Term Speclalyy Crops '-~~~~v~~~-~~~ ~~~ -~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 81 ~~~~~~ A.~~~~~*e ~~85 Commercial Forest .7~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 859NATURAL AREAS . 8\~~~~~~~ * ..> ~~~~~~~ ~~~ ..v~~~~~ ,~~~.,. .4~~~~~~~ 91 Conservancy Y S ~~~~~~~~~ -~~~~~ .. ~~~~~~~~~- ~~93 Other Natural Areas ~~~ - '~~~~~~~~Y ~~~~~~4 ~~~~~ .1~~~~~~~.h. 9~~~~~~~2 VTalNtralnsmission .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~94 Water .~.. t;~:~,~,t.. ;,;-.$ ~:/,95 Under Development 8 ~~~~~~~~~~~ * ~~~~~~~~~All unlabeled areas mre 0 93, other natural areas. '� 2 > '_ _ J(ne.M. 'leFIna'nIa assIstae for this study has bee, pmv.d,d One Mile 8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~through the Wisconsin Coastal Zone Managment Deovl- ~~~~~~ Scale ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~opment Program by teCoastal Zone Management Act U\J'~~~,U1JUScal of 1972 administered by the federal Office of Coastal Zone Management. National OceanIc and Atmospheric A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Administration. TOWN OF~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,.~' r,i;R';~:" ,,~' ~,~~ '. 4Sft TOWN OF LAKESIDE Douglas County . Wisconsin TOWN OF LAKESIDE o COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Plate 4 Current Land Ownership p glo LEGEND LAND OWNERSHIP U~~~~ < Publi Owners 1 hip L P ris 211 \ 11-FEDERAL 1'11 National Forest 112 National Lakeshore Clil-2 ' 113 Plan Wildlife"Flllfoge .. ... Military R...rvation /~- -~- ~'"~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~12 - STATE 121 State Forest 122 State Park Amnicon Point-- 11 ~epar~22 123 State Fish & Wildlife Refuge ::::i.'[E:!:i q124 Scientific Areas (eil -he Il~ 2b 125 Univ2ersity o Wisconsin 2a3� ,,, Jr� ~~~~~~22" 127 Wiconsin Land Comission I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 1- COUNTY "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1'~ 311 County Park 132 Coonty Forest Crop Land 4~ ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ 2a22~~~~~~~~~~l~~~~~~~ L~ I1h33 Other eCounty Land( non FCL ,-,~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~- "'~~~~~~~~~~ ~:~:~~~~~'M'" 14 - CITY f11 141 City Parkt 22\ 142 Other City Land 222 15 - I-VILLAGE k i' 1I T:48 N. B 151 Village Parlr ����������,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~siVllg Pr <1 C ~44~;. 212 Other Village Land is - TOWN +'1 '*~�>;'- i~.~ 'l ...... T P a: 221 1 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lr 182 Other Town�L�nd~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ thrTonl.n ~1 ' ' IT- SCHOOL DIST.:ICT -II 1LJIL'-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I .y~~~~~~~~~v\/4~~~~~~~~~4. 221 Forest Crop Land~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11Scoo ors AKi~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'~4!iii~~iii, 172 Other School Dlstrl� Land '~13~~~~~1 ,. : -- Other Public Lad '~ ~�~4~~~~~~~~~~ I I Ij,L_ ~~~~~- F.eal- dPrivate O-lip -�h~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . ~. ;3 .-.-...-- ~,f, ~;~: . ..... ( -- ...:,SiDE;~:~i:~*:.~,~., �4,'.'t~:!g:..~' ~: 211~~~~0 Forest Cmp Law & Wood lnd C rp L. '~ J '"'�'~.~':':'~::~;'~J~;iiii~?~$~[~i�i~.;~:~:?:~..:i%g~::41 221 Forest Crop LandForssl rop Lan A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 21 2�1P,9L, ("'~�� ���� ....sCH22 - COhl PrlATE L --~~~~~~ '" - '"c' ...-...1....... ,,,,,,,, ,---- Other corsIl poe land < 2 > ZI /jonePtiblie L�adi '�t'�":��;�2i . 'O ......M.. .. ;Ot Private Land P; t~~~~~~~~~~~N ? LAKkSIDE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IEa 17 dnnntrdb h tdrl01cc0 oea ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Qa sMeeewtNai-publi OwenI ndAershiphe AMNICON 2\ 43 - OG N Z TION A L ....... 32 - INSTITUTI NALe IcoN\~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... I F drely dmiistre ..... .1IBAL 'rho minimum pwcel size la approximately 5 acres.: �:: thm\h the Wlwonsin Coastal Zone Mataqnant D' ;l- SIDE II\ I I : ~~~~~~~~~~~op"dnt Prof; 8 by the Coastal Zow Managen4rit Act of ISM afti'Aisterd by the fedwal Office of Coasala One MileNIOZoeMa"t tinlOencdAlphc "Miftlat'stion. II � M~~~~WDM ~Scale MIO O �~1 Ntoa cai n msprl f. I TOWN OF \ LAKESIDE _Doug,.. C..nt.Wi.on TOWN OF LAKESIDE o COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Plate 5 PART II BACKGROUND STUDIES A. Population Most major planning considerations faced by local units of government are dependent upon analyses and projections of local population. Population estimates which consider the size and density of the various groups living within the communinity determine, in large measure, the level of demand for future public and private facilities and services to be provided within the community. 1. Population Projections Population projections for minor civil divisions, such as the Town of Lakeside, are difficult to make and the margin of error is great. Many t-ypes of population statistics are not even publicized for minor civil divisions because of the high level of possible error. In April of 1979, the Northwest Regional Planning Commission prepared population projections for minor civil divisions through the year 2000 which are found in table 1. As may be seen in table 2, total population in the United States greatly increased between 1940 and 1970. This represents an overall increase of approximatelY 54% over the thirty year period. Population growth in the East North Central Region over the same period increased 51%. The State of Wisconsin had a population increase of 41%o during that same period. -15- At the same time, the Northwest ten counties of Wisconsin as a region and Douglas County showed a net decline in population. However, the Town of Lakeside experienced modest growth during that period which typifies the urban to rural population shift prevalent in the 2970's. It is expected that this modest growth rate will continue into the next several decades. Table 1 Population Projection for Town of Lakeside 1970-2000 1970 1980 1990 739 2000 858 514 637 density (Persons/Acre) .02 .02 .03 .03 Source: Northwest Regional Planning Commission Population Projections Andrews, 1979 -16- TABLE 2 POPULATION AND POPULATION CHANGE FOR LAKESIDE AND COMPARISON AREAS, 1940-1970 Population: Number United StatesI (000's) ENC Region2 (000's) Wisconsin (000's) 1940 1960 179,323.2 36,225.0 3,951.8 1970 203,415.1 40,252.5 4,413.3 131,669.3 26,626.3 3,137.6 150,697.4 30,399.4 3,434.6 Northwest Region Douglas County Lakeside 186,523 47,119 462 172,464 46,715 438 154,879 44,657 514 158,120 45,008 480 Population Change: Number United States (000's) ENC Region (000's) Wisconsin (000's) 1940-1950 19,028.1 3,773.0 297.0 1950-1960 28,625.8 5,825.7 517.2 1960-1970 24,091.9 4,027.5 461.5 Northwest Region Douglas County Lakeside -14,059 -404 -24 -14,344 -1,707 42 -3,241 -351 34 Population Change: Percent 1940-1950 1950-1960 1960-1970 United States ENC Region Wisconsin 14.5 14.2 9.5 18.7 19.2 15.1 -8.3 -3.6 +9.6 13.43 11.12 11.68 -2.05 -.78 +7.1 Northwest Region Douglas County Lakeside -7.5 -.85 -5.2 Source: U.S. Census of Population, 1940-1970 1Population estimates for the United States do not include Alaska and Hawaii prior to 1960. 2The East North Central Region (ENC) includes the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. -17- Age-Sex Composition 1970 Town of Lakeside Male Female V/> 65 & over _ 55-64 .V.. IKA ......... I I . 45-54 21 35-44 k/i _ 25-34 K ///// g\\ 15-24 """""` .1 I . I I I . . I I I I I . . I _ . . . - - - - - - -I I . . . . . .I . I . I . I . I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I I I I I I I I I . _ I I I _ I 1. 5-141 .../.... A k _ ,S.x I X X XXX II- II II ------:--------- .... 16 12 8 4 Under 5 20 2 6 10 14 18 22 , ~ ~~~~~~ ~ I � .. . . � . . . _ - I -_ % 22 18 14 10 6 2 4 8 1; 1 ' 26 0 percent Fig.1 In the 1970 census, Lakeside had a total of 190 housing units of which 127 were classified as rural non-farm and 49 were farm dwellings. From the census, a person per household figure of 2.7 was determined and that figure will be used for projection purposes. Housing needs are based on population projections for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. 1970 population persons/ unit units 1980 population persons/ unit units new starts 514 2.7 190 637 2.7 235 45 1990 population persons/ unit units new starts 2000 population persons/ unit units new starts 739 2.7 274 39 858 2.7 318 44 From above, a total of 128 new housing units will be needed by the year 2000. If we assume a minimum of 5 acres per new unit, the land needs for such an expansion are approximately 640 acres or 2.5% of the existing land area of the Town. 2. Economic Characteristic of Lakeside Population In this section of the plan, socio-economic data are presented and analyzed in order to determine the level of income, education and employment available to Lakeside residents. It should be remembered that Lakeside is a rural town near an urbanized center and the data indicates that the town serves as a bedroom community to Superior-Duluth. In this case, the indicators of income, education and employment should not be depended upon too heavily to identify land use trends. The data displayed in this section were obtained from the 1970 census of population. 3. Family Income Normally, family income is a reliable indicator of a population's welfare and tends to indicate how well the local economy operates to provide wages and income necessary for self support. Table 3 shows the family incomes for the town and other selected areas of the state for comparison purposes. Table 3 Family Income for Lakeside and Comparison Areas in the State of Wisconsin I State of Wisconsin 8.2% 13.5 19.9 23.0 15.6 15.8 5.4 0.6 100 NW Wisconsin 15.9% 25.5 25.1 18.1 8.9 7.2 1.5 0.2 100 Income Group Under $3,000 $5,000 - 5,999 $6,000 - 8,999 $9,000 - 11,999 $12,000 - 14,999 $15,00ooo - 24,999 $25,000 - 49,999 $50,000 & above Total Lakeside 11.9% 6.8 51.5 52.2 11.9 5.9 0 0 100 Douglas Co. 10.3% 16.0 25.1 50.8 11.0 7.6 1.1 0.1 100 -20- Median family incomes: Lakeside $8,999; Douglas County $9,065; Northwest Wisconsin $7,304 and State of Wisconsin $10,068 Source: U.S. Census of Population, 1970 While the income levels of Lakeside and Douglas County lay behind the State of Wisconsin as a whole, they are higher than the rest of the Northwest ten county region. This is a reflection of the City of Superior status as a population, indicating a service center and the fact that a high percentage of the working population of Lakeside are employed in Superior. 4. Educational Attainment The level of education of a population is related to its capability as a labor force. The overall educational attainment level of the population is shown in table 4. Table 4 Level of educational attainment of persons 25 years of age and above for the Town of Lakeside and selected comparison areas in Wisconsin. Grade School Median Graduates % % Years of (Thru 8th High School College Education Area grade) Graduates Graduates Completed Town of Lakeside 92.6 55.4 5.0 11.2 Douglas County 90.5 54.0 8.3 11.3 NW Wisconsin 86.0 47.0 6.1 N/A State of Wisconsin 88.6 52.6 6.0 12.1 Source: U.S. Census of Population 1970 These statistics indicate that the town population has an educational level on a par, and in several cases, better than the surrounding region and the State of Wisconsin. -21- 5. Occupations of Lakeside's Population Table 5 shows the occupations held by Lakeside residents in 1970. These data show what kinds of employment were available to Lakeside residents in and around the Superior-Duluth urbanized area. Table 5 Occupation of employed persons in Lakeside and selected comparison areas, 1970 Douglas County NW Wisconsin State of Wisconsin Occupation Professional/ Technical Farmers Managers/ Proprietors Clerical Sales Craftsmen Operatives Household & Other Services Farm Labor Other Labor Lakeside 8.5% 3.0 2.4 10.1 10.1 28 20.2 14.9 0.0 3.0 12.6% 0.7 8.6 15.6 5.0 16.6 16.2 17.7 0.8 6.3 11.4% 7.2 13.7% 4.4 7.4 15.6 6.5 13.4 19.7 9.2 11.6 4.5 14.2 17.6 15.7 5.o 5.6 13.3 1.8 4.2 I'IC 1~.: US Census of Population, 1970 B. Land Use 1. Hfistoric Land Use Original land survey records (around 1840) show that Douglas County was mostly forest covered. The original forest -22- of' what is now the western part of the county consisted largely of northern hardwood and pine types in the uplands, with swamp conifers in the depressions and wetlands areas. A mixture of Jack, white and red pine was present in the outwash plain of southeastern Douglas County a century or more ago. Today, better than 80 percent of' Douglas County is still forested; however, aspen is now the most extensive single forest type, covering 43 percent of the commercial forest area. Nearly all the native commercially valuable timber was removed during the early logging days. This activity along with forest fires and replanting, is one of the three most important factors causing a change in Douglas County timber types. Farmland currently acc,ounts for 11.6 percent of the total county area, but this activity is declining, with most of the farmland reverting to timber or wild recreation land, see Table 6. This is evidenced by the establishment of the largest county forest in the state (253,272.5 acres) and the Brule River State Forest (33,524.0 acres). Together the two forests contain 33.4 percent of the county's area. Tabl u 6 Town of Lakeside Farm & Woodland Land Use Changes 1950-1978 % Land A. Area L)1 11,278 144 L2 9,561 36 ad (A)*' 17,038 66 ad (A )2 10,958 42 a Acreage 25,800 No. of Farms 85 4~9 1950 farm (Ai 1978 farm (A~ 1950 woodlar 1978 woodlan Total Town *includes fe Source: 119 a~rm woodlots )50 farm statistics 21978 statement of assessments -23- 2. Current Land Use The Town has adopted Douglas County's zoning ordinance. In a previous mapping effort by the Coastal Management Program, maps were prepared showing existing land use, zoning and land ownership. Table 7 gives a brief summary of the current uses and zones. Table 7 Current Land Use Zoned (A)1 A-I F1 R2 RR1 C1 18,805 6,023 918 95 75 Assessed (A) 2 9,361 10,958 869 0 Used (A)3 I 8,160 341 240 75 Source: IDouglas County Zoning Map 21978 Statement of Assessment 3CMP Use Map 1975 Douglas County Districts (1) R-l: Residential District (2) R-2: Residential District (3) RR-1: Residential-Recreation District (4) A-l: Agricultural District (5) C-1: Commercial District (6) 1-1: Industrial District (7) F-1: Forestry District (8) W-1: Resource Conservation District (9) SP-!: Shoreland Protection District (overlay) (10) PUD: Planned Unit Development District -24- I In view of the population and housing needs projection made previously in the section, it appears that the Town has sufficient area available for the projected land need for the year 2000. -25- 3. FtrLand 'Use The Town's major land u se concern is the use of Lake Superior shorelands for residential development. At this time, almost the entire Douglas County shoreline is in a state of accelerated erosion and gravity failure, and there are cases where buildings hav-e been erected too close to the bluff edge and are in danger of falling down the eroding red clay slopes. During the last twenty 7ears, a number of agencies have studied the erosion problems along Lake Superior and in 1974 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded the Red Cla y Project for the purpose of abating erosion and-sedimentation. During the course of that project, Dr. Joseph Mengel and Emil Meitzner were contracted to identif-y design and zoning guidelines for construction setbacks, highway slopes and other engineering works. The efforts recognized the functional relationship between slope angle, down slope erosion and transport mechanisms. The study provided a feasible base for the establishment of slope setbacks in zoning and land use planning and eliminated some of the subjectivity commonly found in planning and design of slopes and embankments. Charles Hess, formerly of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, studied shoreline erosion on the western arm of Lake Superior during 1973. Using air photographs and field checks, he identified an average of 280 feet of shoreland erosion during the period of 1852-1966. One hundred and thirty-three feet of it took place during 1938-1956. The average rate of retreat during this interval was 4I.8 feet per year. This rate is within the 1 to 5 feet per year range of retreat postulated by the U.S. Corps of -29- Engineers and one-half the 10 feet per year rate noted in this area by the Corps of Engineers in 1952. The rate of shoreline retreat is an inadequate measure of the total shore erosion impact because it fails to take into account additional slope adjustments necessary to achieve equilibrium. These do not become evident until much later than slope toe erosion. There are two cases of slope toe erosion which may be observed. First, the static case (figure 2) in which we assume that the toe of the slope is relatively constant and that primary property loss will take place at the upland crest of the land slope. In the second case, dynamic, (figure 3) we assume that the toe of the slope is eroding at a rate equal to that of the overall retreat. In the case of Douglas County, it is necessary to choose the dynamic case for identification of shore slope losses. The reason for this is because of the low percentage of sand size material in the "red clay slopes" which significantly slows beach and near shore deposition. For the purposes of the shoreline setback ordinance, the Town has chosen a retreat rate of 3 feet per year which the Town considers to be in the middle range, and is certainly conservative in view of some of the catastrophic losses during the last several decades. The proposed shoreland ordinance is presented in the next paragraph along with the shoreland setback table. -30- - REPRESENTATIVE SHORE SLOPE LOSSES DOUGLAS COUNTY, WISC. Material loss before intermediate term stability is achieved. 840 cu. feet/foot of shoreline 51 tons/foot of shoreline Douglas County shoreline approx. 100,000 ft 5.1 million ton loss Upland loss before intermediate (>50year) stability is achieved. v- 42 ft. Representative slope profile BANK Red clay native weight: 120 Ib./cu. ft. Static Toe Erosion Case Fig. 2 SHORE SLOPE LOSS CALCULATION PARAMETERS MATERIAL LOSS BEFORE INTERMEDIATE TERM STABILITY IS ACHIEVED. UPLAND LOSS BEFORE INTERMEDIATE TERM (>5 YR.) STABILITY IS ACHIEVED. BANK HEIGHT Dynamic Toe Erosion Case Fig. 3 Proposed Zoning Ordinance .4L4~ Shoreland Regulations 1. Inland Waters 1. Setback For lots that abut on navigable wato~ts the following setback regulations shall apply: (a) All permanent structures, except piers and boat- houses, shall be set back 75 feet from all points along the ordinary high-water elevation contour of navigable waters. Boathouses or similar structures which recuire waterfront location shall not be used for habitation nor extend toward the water beyond the ordinary high elevation. (b) A setbac-k equal to the average setback of existing principal building within 500 feet of a proposed building site shall be permitted where such existing buildings do not conform with the appropriate setback line. A minimum setback of 40 feet shall be required in all such cases. (c) Private sewage disposal systems shall conform to the setback requirements of the Douglas County Sanitary Code and the applicable rules, regulations and laws as set forth in the Wisconsin Statutes and the Wisconsin Administrative Code. (d) The County Zoning kdministrator, or his represent- ative, shall determine the ordinary high-water elevation. 2. Removal of Shoreline Cover The cutting of trees and shrubbery shall be regulated to protect scenic beauty, control erosion and reduce the flow -33- of effluents and nutrients from the shoreland. In the strip 35 feet inland from the ordinary high waterlinet no more than 30 feet in any 100 feet shall be clear cut. In other areas, trees and shrub cutting shall be governed by consideration of the effect on water quality and should be in accord with accepted management practices. Natural shrubbery shall be preserved as far as practicable. 3. Commercial Forestry The commercial harvesting of trees is allowed. The maintenance and improvement of water quality shall be emphasized in all timber harvesting operation. 4. Filling, grading, lagooning and dredging of any water- course may be permitted only in accord with local, state and federal law and where protection against erosion, sedimentation, and impairment of fish and aquatic life has been assured. 2. Lake Superior Coastal Waters 1. Setback For lots that abut on navigable waters the following setback regulations shall apply: (a) All permanent installations including soil absortion system, seepage pits and holding tanks; but not including piers and boathouses, shall be set back from all points along the bluff edge by the distance shown on the Lake Superior Shoreland Setback Table. Boathouses or, similar structures which require waterfront location, shall not be used for habitation nor extend toward the -34- water beyond the ordinary high water elevation. The Zoning Administrator, or his representative, shall determine the setback for those cases not shown on the Setback Table, but in no case shall the setback be less than 75 feet from all points along the bluff edge. (b) A setback equal to the average setback of existing principal buildings within 500 feet of a proposed building site shall be permitted where such existing buildings do not conform with the appropriate setback line. A minimum setback of 75 feet from all points along the bluff edge shall be required in all such cases. (c) Private sewage disposal systems shall conform to subparagraph 4.4+.2.1.a of this ordinance and the applicable rules, regulations and laws as set forth in the Wisconsin Statutes and the Wisconsin Administrative Code. (d) The County Zoning Administrator, or his representative, shall determine the bluff edge. 2. Removal of Shoreline Cover The cutting of trees and shrubbery shall be regulated to protect scenic beauty, control erosion and reduce the flow of effluents and nutrients from the shoreland. In the striP 35 feet inland from the bluff edge, no more than 30 feet in any 100 feet shall be clear cut. In other areas, trees and shrub cutting shall be governed by consid- eration of the effect on water quality and should be in accord with accepted management practices. Natural shrubbery shall be preserved as far as practicable. -35- 3. Commercial Forestry The commercial harvesting of trees is allowed consistent with 4I.4.2.2. The maintenance and improvement of water quality shall be emphasized in all timber harvesting operations. '4. Fillinigl grading, lagooning and dredging of an-y watercourse may be permitted only in accord with localt state and federal law and where protection against erosion, sedimentation, and impairment of fish and aquatic life has been assured. -36- Shoreline Setback Table 0 c'- 0 U\ NMU C'- LI-4 N 0 a -4 ('\ --J- a'HrN ON co ON CM 4 a> H r -i m co l C'\a a- C C Hcl- cl-1-cl a) 0 H- CMA -A N PR KIN UIN UN0 0 0-' co LfN CM C' C'- -'N 0 0 Hi CM PK' N 4 CM C\M K\ PRl KN WN PR PR 0 CM H- 0 co LN -H CI- CM CM CM CM -N fC\ WN PR N P NI\ P 0 co 4t 0 ~0 0 W 0 -4 co a-' CC) 4~~~~~~~~ (NJ C'\'-O a) \' Pr- 4 4 4 UN U ) 4) co C' od CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM C, CM\ CM CM CMj cm co PR\ C'- H 4 I- 0C .4 H- C\. CM N-R P~ tR 4t 4 4 (IM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM HUNa\)H 4q d-)aD o 0 H H CMj CM i CMCMPR INNNcmCCCCCCCC H f KN C'-'H1MP O O 0 0 H H H H H F- CM CM CM (Id CM CM CM CM CM Lr, C'- c-I 0 CM PRc t'4 4t UN a-'\ a-', 0 0 0 0 0 r-HHCM r- CM N CMCM Lf\ Lr\ LI\ UN N kD ~'. '0 U cl-C- C'- C'- C'- C'- C'- C'- C'- r4- 1- 4HH H H H H H H H zt a- 4C' C'- -I 4 C,- Q000co-'-)aON ON- PR PR PR~~~K N's PR N Pr P P ON 4 KN\ C'- H4 n C)-H 4 LI U-\ tjoU) C'- C'- r Co- CCa aco [- -I Lf\ CN 00 UN PI, 4 t 4 r tII LC N '. )'0 '0 PR( P\ WN PR KN tcNP P," P<N PR, ON N\ DC,\ NU'N coH4 CM CM PR PR , -4 4- 4:~ UN U PR PR PR N t,(- PR - K-N PR - PR N PR CM0 0 PR\ 'U) a-' CM] i-' '-~ 0-' -A CMC C\MCu P tcNK-N PR N PR WR WN PRP P RIN N- a-' C\M UN co H 4 U) 0 tcN C', 0 0 0 -H H - H " H NC CM N-N tN PR KN PR tN PI Prl KIN 'C'- C) NN UN C- -' H r- coUNa co0 ) C)Ca'-''o CM CM- CM CMN C s\ P R C) UN Lr N EUI\ LLJ N"\ -o (J3 P" (/)N' Lf 1 LUJ 0~ C), 0: LLI CY- C) LUI LI) ON C' a'\ Hr CI- CN C'- a CM CM CM CMC M CM CM '.0 0 CM K 4 U-N I'D C'- 4 uN Lf,\ L-\ LrN Lr\ Un I\ CM CMCMC CM CM CM CM CM4 ' 0 OOHCM tC\ zt -t -1 4 cm NNcmCCCCCM UINco C,,a C0 H CM H H H- H- H- CM CM CM CM Q CMj CMC MC MC LrN LrN '0 . co-a C 01 C) O O O O O C) N, NCMCMCMCMCMC U)'0 Ll- C'- C'- C'- C'- C- C'- - C'- C'- C'- C'- C'- r-Ir-I 4 -i-1r- NC CM CM% UfN U'\ C\MCM H CM CMi C\M Ll-C' C- 1 C) CM 0 -- '0 01- 0 CM, .4t '0 co 0 CM Zt 0 co 0 CM4 -'.0 a)c) 0 CM 4z '. 0 0 ,- H- CM CM CM CM CM P,R N- P\ NN Pr,- 4- 4, 4~ 4t 4 UN U-\ UN LrN Lr" '0 j Table 8 (S336i93c 39Vd3AV) 0 31ONV IdOIS nwonowool, I C. Transportation Like most communities, Lakeside depends upon a variety of transportation modes to satisfy internal and external C irculation. The Town, however, relies most heavily upon roads and highways to satisfy the needs of the population. Fortunately the Town is close enough to the Superior- _luth complex to have its needs fulfilled in the modes of air, rail, bus and truck service. State Trunk Highway 13 is the prime connector between akeside and Superior. It is the most heavily travelled road -n the Town. At present, the local highway and road pattern is pre- dominantly aligned north and south with STH 13 being common to most roads. The reason for this pattern is that the many streams *.wing north to Lake Superior necessitate the construction of idges for most east-west roads. The north-south roads lie ..narily on the uplands between the deeply incised stream %ileys. 1o Functional Classification of Highways and Roads i order for traffic to be routed, handled and still provide 2'te service to land uses, the system must function as -dd There are three types of roads which should be considered :asic functional system. They are: `!! Roads: These are continuous routes connecting various f the community and high traffic generation points. They for higher speeds, wider roadways and higher design !ards than the following two types. Truck traffic and bus - can be expected to make up part of the traffic volume. -38- Collector Roads: These carry traffic from the local roads to the arterial routes and provide direct access to the area from arterial roads. Moderate amounts of low speed traffic, including some bus traffic can be carried. Local Roads: These serve only as a means of access to abutting residential property. They are low 8peed, low traffic and short trip facilities. In the Town STH 13 serves as an arterial route with CTH's D & U classified as collectors. They handle the bulk of the traffic movement within and through the area. The other roads serve as local access Poutes. In 1977, the average annuial 24 hour period traffic volumes were measured for STH 13 as follows: STH 13 from US 2-53 to Amnicon River Road (average 1,610 vehicles) STH 13 from Amnicon River Road to Cloverland (average 880 vehicles) The numbers shown above are averages and the actual counts vary greatly between winter and sumnmer. In general, the population and housing projections do not indicate a need for more roads, and since the town does not now experience serious traffic problems, they will concern themselves only with the maintenance and improvements on existing roadways. Developments which require the construction of east-west roadways needing bridging should be strongly discouraged. -39- D. Town Facilities and Services 1. Administrative Facilities Administrative facilities for the town are confined to the Lakeside school and the town garage near the junction of CTH D & STH 13. It is not anticipated that the town' s needs will increase to the point of requiring more space. 2. Fire Department The Town Fire Department is composed of approximately fifteen volunteer firefighters. The To-wn has two pieces of e-quipment. The first is a four year old pumper in very good condition and one tanker in good condition. At the present time, the Department appears to be adequate for the Town's needs. 3. Education The Town of Lakeside is part of the School District of Maple which also serves Cloverland, Maple, Hawthorne, Poplar, Lake Nebagamon, Amnicon and other neighboring areas. The Lakeside school houses grades I & 2 with 3, 4, & 5 at the Poplar School. Grades 6, 7, & 8 are at the new middle school in Poplar and the upper grades are at the Northwestern High School'in Maple. The Lakeside school site is approximately 4 acres, with a play area consisting of a ball-field, jungle-gym, merry-go- round, basketball court and winter ice skating. 4. Solid Waste The Town operates a dump located north of Lakeside school on Middle River Road. There is adequate capacity at this site for several years. The Town will cooperate in the preparation -40- of a county-wide solid waste management plan to be completed in the near future. E. Recreation, Open Space and Historical Resources The Lakeside area has a large amount of open space and has the advantage of its proximity to Lake Superior. It also has a large number of rivers and creeks. kpproximately 9 miles of mainland shore lies in the town of which .415 miles or 5%I is in public ownership. Sport fishing including ice and open water fishing are available activities on the lake. Popular recreational activities pursued along the lake include fishing, swimming, sailing and pleasure boating, hunting, camping, hiking and scenic pursuits. 1. Supply The Town has several areas that are currently used for recreational pursuits and several that, with some improvement would help satisfy the recreational needs of the town. Following is a description of those areas and their needs. 2. Land Based Wisconsin Coastal History Trail The Wisconsin coastal history trail in the Town of Lakeside consists of STH 13 from West to East through the town & CTH U from STH 13 south to Amnicon Falls State Park. Along the trail on 8TH 13 can be seen the predominant historical resource of the town, the Finnish windmill on the Davidson property. The windmill and site are on the National Register of Historic Places. -41- Lakeside School Lakeside school is the only facility in the town to have a play area consisting of swings, jungle-gyms and merry-go-rounds. The school and facilities are jointly owned by the school district and the town. The facility is generally in good condition, however, the backstop for the ball-field could use some minor repair. Town Garage and Ball-field The town garage, located near the junction of STH 13 & CTH D has a ball diamond adjoining it. The facility is in good condition. The facility does not have adequate sanitary facilities at the present time. In the near future the Northwest Regional Planning Commission will prepare a site plan identifying the improvements needed. Town Roads The town has designated town roads as snowmobile trails. The trails however lack signs. These signs should be placed for user safety. Public Lands and Industrial Forests Over 13%l or 3,600 acres of the town are in public ownership or industrial forest land. These lands provide a myriad of recreational opportunities for hunting, fishing, snowmobiling, cross-country skiing and scenic pursuits. 3. Water Based Lake Superior Popular recreational activities along the Lake Superior shore include fishing, hunting, camping, hiking and scenic pursuits. Swimming in Lake Superior is hampered by cold water. Water sport activities such as sailing and pleasure boating are on the increase. -42- Rivers Of the rivers and streams draining the Town of Lakeside, the Amnicon is certainly the most important in terms of recreation potential. The other major waterways, Poplar, Mjiddle River, Bardon and Hanson Creeks have small fish populations and do not attract heavy use except during the smelting season. The Amnicon, on the other hand, has warm water fishing which includes muskellunge. The mouths of most of the major drainages have road .access and are used to some extent as boat launching sites. The only site considered suitable for this, at this time, is the mout'h of the Amnicon. The town plans to request the preparation of a recreational site plan for property owned by them at the mouth of the river. -43- PART III Development Goals and Policies A. Residential Development Goal: to make safe and sound homes available to residents. Policies: 1. homes should be constructed in conformance with accepted building standards. 2. residents should be encouraged to maintain their homes. 3. homes should be constructed away from hazaLrd-prone areas, 4. subdivision of lands in hazard-prone areas should be discouraged. 5. the Town supports strict enforcement of sanitary regulations. 6. the Town shall, in cooperation with Douglas County, plan for safe and effective solid waste disposal. 7. the Town shall, propose a zoning amendment to the Douglas County Board of Supervisors regarding more restrictive building setbacks along the Lake Superior shoreline. - 44- B. Commercial Development Goal: to locate commercial development so that it is economically feasible to operate a business; provide goods and services to the Town in a clear, attractive, safe and convenient manner; and provide suitable location for commercial activities which will best suit the public interest, serve the area and protect the general welfare of the community. Policies: 1. future commercial development should generally be restricted to the STH 13 corridor. 2. future developments should provide adequate parking area to lessen the need for on-road parking. C. Recreation and Open Space Development Goal: to provide recreational opportunities for Town residents in an economical and practical fashion. Polic ies:- 1. to discourage recreational development in hazard- prone areas. 2. to upgrade recreational facilities near the town garage and community club. 3. to provide sanitary facilities where appropriate. 4j. to adopt the Northwest Regional Planning Commission's recreation plan for Douglas County. D. Industrial Development Goal: to provide opportunities for appropriate industrial concerns to locate in the Township. Policies: 1. consideration will be given to light industry or assembly-line production operations. 2. industrial developers must supply their own water, sewage disposal and roads. E. Transportation Development Goal: to provide a modern, efficient and effective transportation system to benefit the general welfare of the community. Policies: 1. Town roadwa-ys should receive prompt maintenance as needed. 2. the Town will not assume responsibility for the provision of new road access to public or private properties. 3. generally the Town will not construct new roads in areas requiring bridges. F. Agriculture and Forest Development Goal: to preserve and protect the prime agriculture and forest lands and soils in the Town. Policies: 1. discourage uses which would be incompatible with agriculture activities from locating in present agricultural areas. 2. discourage uses which would be incompatible with forestry activities from locating in present forestry areas, -46- 3. encourage development and use of a higher quality timber resource. 4. encourage wise use of the soil and water resources. __I PART IV Geographic Area of Management Concern The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program provides an oppportunity for local governmental units along Lake Michigan and Lake Superior to seek state assistance in management of shoreline areas and implementation of activities in the coastal environment. Prior to the provision of direct financial assistance for management or implementation by the Coastal M~'anagement Program, an.area must be nominated as a Geographic Area of Management Concern (G.A.I.C.). In order to have a geographic area designated the chief elected official of a governmental unit must provide satisfactory answers to the following questions: 1. What is the description of the area requested to be designated? 2. What is the relationship of the described area to Lake Superior? 3. What management or implementation policies does'the local governmental unit have in place for the affected area? 4. What authority or control does the governmental unit have over the property, or how can the governmental unit insure that policies proposed for the area can logically be carried out? When a described property has been successfully designated as a G.A.M4.C. it is then possible to seek financial assistance - 418- directly from the Coastal Management Program, to carr-y out the management or implementation policy. The activity or activities recommended by the Town of Lakeside can be carried out in a number of ways, directly by the Town, or Douglas County, and/or in cooperation with a state or federal agency. The Town of Lakeside may, for example, want to address the questions of recreational development of a particular area within an approved Geographic krea of Management Concern. It is possible to seek assistance in a number of different ways. The Town may, secure funds to have a site layout prepared directly from the Coastal Management Program with a portion of the actual construction of the recreational area coming through a Department of Natural Re.lources recreation program. If the Town would like to address a serious erosion problem on Lake Superior it may be possible to seek assistance from the State Geological and Natural History Survey either directly or indirectly through the Coastal Management Program. It is important to remember that management and implementation plans proposed by a governmental unit must be: consistent with the policy plan prepared for G.A.M.C. designation; consistent with the stated goals and objectives of the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program and, finally, realigtic. For areas that are nominated as Geographic Areas of Management Concern the coastal staff will also provide assistance where possible to help in implementation of goals and policies. There are other aspects that ate important to consider in terms of the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program. Wisconsin's -49- Program is broad based and has sought involvement of the coastal citizen and participation of local governmental units in a state program. The state-local partnership is very strong in Coastal M4anaEement in Wisconsin. Partnership provides a greater likelihood of achieving overall program goals. The area recommended for nomination as a Geographic Area of Mianagement Concern in the Town of Lakeside is that area between the east and west Town boundaries and north of U.S. Highway 13 to Lake Superior. Other segments of this Plan support that area for designation., monitoring and management. -50- PART V Implementation of the Plan The implementation of this plan involves an ongoing commit- ment by the town and its elected officials. These commitments will be measured by a strong concern for the welfare of the town and a realization that certain procedures are to be followed to ensure a continued quality living environLment. Some measures are: 1. submission of the proposed Lake Superior setback ordinance amendment to the county Zoning Committee and County Board. 2. the development of new regulatory ordinances based on the goals and objectives of this plan as needed. 3. consider the adoption of Village powers as an alter- native to dependance upon the County for services. 4. the establishment of a review procedure for the updating of this plan. -51- APPENDIX I Town of Lakeside Soil Description -52- Appendix I Town of Lakeside Soil Description Association I Hibbing silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. Hibbing silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes. Ontonogan clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. Ontonogan clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes. Ontonogan silty clay loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. Ontonogan silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes. Ontonogan-Rudyard-silty clay loams, 0 to 3 percent slopes Deep, level to sloping, well drained and moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils formed in clayey lake-laid sediment. In some areas somewhat poorly drained cla-yey soils are closely intermingled with the better drained soil and occupy 20 to 35 percent of the soil area. Except in these wetter areas, the water table is from 2 to more than 6 feet deep. The somewhat poorly drained areas have a temporarily perched water table at the I to 2 foot depth. Included in the association are small areas with a sandy loam surface up to 30 inches thick. These soils are suited to growing cultivated crops, hay and pasture, and to growing trees. Sloping areas used for cultivated crops are susceptible to erosion, and erosion control measures are needed. Drainage is needed for best crop production on somewhat poorly drained areas. -53- Slow percolation rates, high shrink-swell potential and low strength make these soils unsuitable for septic tank absorption fields, building site development and road construction. The soil material in this association is unsuitable as construction material. Association 2 Bergland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Rudyard silt elay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Rudy-Bergland silty clay loams, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Pickford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. Deep, nearly level and gently sloping, poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained very slowly permeable soils formed in clayey lake-laid sediment. The water table is perched at a depth of 0 to 2 feet. Included are small areas of higher-lying, well drained clayey soils. If adequately drained, these soils are suited to growing cultivated crops, hay pasture and trees. Undrained, the lower- lying wet areas are poorly suited to growing cultivated crops, hay, pasture and trees. Wetness, slow percolation rates, high shrink-swell potential, low strength and the potential for flooding make these soils unsuitable for septic tank absorption fields, building site development and road construction. The soil material in this association is unsuitable as construction material. Association 3 Moquah fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Udifluvents, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Deep, nearly level and gently sloping, well drained and moderately well drained soils formed in alluvial sediments on 1 1 i I -54- floodplains. These soils are variable in texture, ranging from loam to sand. Permeability ranges from moderately slow to rapid. The water table is at a depth ranging from 2 to more than 6 feet. These soils are subject to flooding of short duration. Iiicluded are small areas of higher-lying clayey soils, and poorly drained alluvial soils. These soils are generally unsuited to growing cultivated crops because of frequent flooding. They are suited to growing hay, pasture and trees. Occasional flooding and hazard of streambank erosion make these soils unsuitable for septic tank absorption fields, building site development and road construction. The soil material in this association is generally unsuitable as construction material because of excess proportion of fine material. However, gravel substrata that are suitable occur in places. Association '4- Ontonogan silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes. Deep, moderately steep, well drained, very slowly permeable soils formed in clayey, lake-laid sediments. This soil is on the side slopes of ravines. Included are small less sloping areas, soils with a sandy surface layer, and small steeper areas. This soil is suited to growing hay, pasture or trees. Runoff is rapid. If used for growing cultivated crops this soil is susceptible to severe erosion, and erosion control measures are needed. -55- Steep slopes, slow percolation rate, high shrink-swell potential, low strength and the risk of soil slippage make this soil unsuitable for septic tank absorption fields, building site development and road construction. The soil material in this association is unsuitable as construction material. Association 5 Ontonogan silty clay loam, 20 to 30 percent slopes. Udorthents, clayey, 20 to 60 percent slopes. Steep and very steep clayey soils on side slopes of ravines and on the lakebank. Included are small less sloping areas and soils with a sandy surface layer. These soils are unsuited to growing cultivated crops, hay and pasture. They are suited to growing trees, but the steep slopes make harvest difficult. Steep slopes and unstable soil make these areas unsuitable for septic tank absorption fields, building site development and road construction. Down slope movement of surface soil and massive slips are common. The soil material in this association is generally unsuitable as construction material. -56- TOWN OF LAKESIDE COASTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN NORTHWEST REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION Participating Staff Steve Andrews .... Gerald Fitzgerald . . Robert Bowen. . . . . Mary Rahn . . . . .. . . .Planner � . . .Editor . . . . .Drafter a . . . .Typist n;L'..~ an econom deveulnne dstriet.. 502 tWahut St,eet Spooner WUlcons 5401* 75 6s52197 Planning assistance also provided by: NWRPC Transportation Planner Phil Scherer, Coastal Resources Planner Dennis Van Hoof, Resource Planner Fred Goold, UW-Extension Agent Ray Polzin I DATE DUE GAYLORD No. 2333 PRINTED IN US A 3 6668 14108 2703