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ROCHESTER NEW YORK COASTAL ZONE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STUDY DECEMBER 1975 HT 393 .N7 R63 1975 Coastal Zone w79,3 information1 Center NEW YOR COASTAL ZONE _:PESCURCE MANAGEMENT STUDY NOV p perty of Csc Library ro U-S. DEPA,RTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA-. QOASTAL SERIVICES CENTER 2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE CHARLESTON-,'SC 2940'5-2413 U-3 cli X ECO P .t%,Ntr--j Law ECOPLANS, INC. January, 1976 Mr. Richard F. Sale Assistant Director of Planning Department of Community Development COASTAL ZONE 150 State Street INFORMATION CENTER Rochester, New York 14614 Dear Mr. Sale: Transmitted herewith is our final-report of the Rochester Coastal Zone Management Study. With this report we conclude our four-month study of the resource management and development potential for the Rochester waterfront on Lake Ontario. The Rochester Coastal Zone is a small but impor- tant and unique resource to both the City and the metropolitan area. Threatened severely by water pollution just ten years ago, the coastal zone is ready for a rebirth of activity. Millions of dollars have been spent in recent years to abate the water pollution problems once so destructive to the coastal resources. This effective effort to clean the coastal waters shouid be matched by similar efforts on the land to capitalize on the intrinsic resource values of the coastal zone. We sincerely hope that this study will contribute significantly to the selection and implementation of a sound development plan that optimizes the many potentials of the coastal zone resources. Ecoplans wishes to thank you and the Department of Community Development staff for assistance with the provision of basic resource materials. Further appreciation is extended to the Rochester Environ- mental Management Council; a knowledgeable and dedicated group of citizens who has reviewed and advised the City and us during the course of this study. My very best wishes. Very truly yours, Vincent J. Moore VJM:ss THE CORPORATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING The Arcade, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 telephone (518) 587-2550 300 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, New York 14202, telephone (716) 856-9350 ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STUDY FINAL REPORT PREPARED FOR: CITY OF ROCHESTER DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PREPARED BY: ECOPLANS, INCORPORATED THE ARCADE SARATOGA SPRINGS, NEW YORK 12866 DECEMBER 1975 FEDERAL GRANT NO. 04-5-15-50002 31 December 1975 The preparation of this report was financed through a federal grant from the Office of Coastal Zone Manage- ment National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. This report was prepared under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 for the Secretary of State. TABLE.OF CONTENTS I q 77 777 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 'INTRODUC T ION v G o a 4 o 6 o e o o a a o a 6 a 6 a6 ..@SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ........... ill 'CONTEXT OF THE STUDY COASTAL ZONE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ......... 2 @._THE COASTAL ZONE ......................... o........ .-GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF COASTAL ZONE AREAS .... o. 3 Rochester Study Area ............ o.......... o ... 3 Monroe County Study Area ....... o........ 3 -@-:COASTAL ZONE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ..oo .... o.... oo. 6 -Federal Coastal Zone Goals ... ............ o 6 New York State Coastal Zone Goals o 7 ZONE ISSUES ..................... _ooo .... 9 Statewide Issues and Concerns .... o... o ... oo.... 9 Issues and Concerns for the Monroe County Coastal Zone ... o ........... o........ o.. 10 ....Problems and Issues of the Rochester Coastal Zone ..... 00 .......... 0.0 ... 12 AND ANALYSIS OF RESOURCES SUMMARY DISCUSSION OF COASTAL ZONE RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND LIMITATION ................ .... 18 .".PORT DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS ....... oo ... o........... 21 Significance of the Resources '... ................ 21 Historic Development ............ ........ o.... 21 Current Status and Condition ......... o-o .... o 22 o Commercial Activity 22 -o Dredging ........ o ........ 26 o Recreational Use of Harbor ....... o 29 -o Transportation and Port Activity .... o ........ 29, Implications for Planning and Development ... 32 ..IjAND USE ANALYSIS ...... o ........ ........... *... 35 Significance of the Resource ......... o.......... 35 -:Historic Development .... o.o ........... oo. 36 Current.Status ...... o 37 o Existing Land Use 37 o Current Influences on Land Use Development 40 jmplication for Planning and management ... o 41 -WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS .......... o ...... 46 Significance ofthe Resource ... -46 Historic Development ..... o ....... o............. 46 'Current Status and Condition .......... - ... o.o 47 o Recreational Concerns o ..... ooo.o ....... 47 .-o Biotic Concerns ........ o ........ 0 ... 50 o'::::::. 52 o Other Concerns ...... ooo-o- ... o .... Implications for Planning and Development ... @52 PUBLIC ACCESS AND RECREATIONAL ANALYSIS ........... 55 Significance of the Resource ..................... 55 .:Historic Development ............................ 55 .--.-,Current Status and Condition 56 _o :.Land Ownership .,., .......... ........ ........... 56 --o Recreational Facilities ......................... 60 .:o Vehicular'Linkages .................. ............ 61 -o Pedestrian Linkage ......... ........... 62 'Implications for Planning,and-@Development.,-,....... @.:LEGAL CONTROLS ANALYSIS ............... .67 -Significance .......................... .67 -,-Historic Development ....... 71 ..,Current Status .................. a....... I ........ 73 ....-Implications for Planning ........................ 75 --FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES ANALYSIS ................ 78 .-Significance of the Resource .................... .78 Development ........ ...................... 78 Current Status and Condition ... 79. Implications for Planning and Development ...... 811 @zXROSION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS ....................... Significance of the Resource ................... Historic Development ........... ...... ..... 84 ---Current Status and Condition ...................... 85 Implications for P -lanning and Development 87 ELECTRIC GENERATION FACILITIES...ANALYSIS .......... 90 Significance of the Resource .................... 90 Historic Development ............................. 90 Current Status and Condition . ............. * ...... ..91 ...Implications for Planning and..Development, ....... 91 _@-ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES 'STRATEGY CONSIDERATIONS ............................ 98 -%ALTERNATIVE POLICIES ................... .99 ..ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT PLANS ..... ......... 113 Conservation Strategy .............. .......... 113 -Development Strategy ....... ............ 116 Balanced Use Strategy ............ I ...... 119 -ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES ......................... 122 .-TREFERRED STRATEGY --RECOMMENDED POLICIES ............................. 124 JRECOMMENDED DEVELOPMENT PLAN .................... 129 'MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ACTION PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS .......................... 140 MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM ........................ 141 Management Structure ............................ 141 -Organizational, Administrational Management.. and Specific Action Program .................. 145 .-Priority, Funding and Scheduling of Organizational and Specific Program Actions 151 .,DEVELOPMENT ACTION PROGRAM ........................ 158 Required Actions and Improvements .... 158 -Phasing Plan ......... .... 162 -APPENDICES .TECHNICAL REPORT ON POTENTIALFOR ADDITIONAL OR EX- PANDED RECREATION IN THE ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE .-Introduction ............. - .................... 166 Brief History of Recreation .... ....... 166 o.Durand Eastman Park ..... ...... 166 -o Ontario Beach Park ............. ............... 167 @:Recreational Demands .......... 167 -Program Development ......... 168 Recreation Potential of Specific Sites ... 183 o, Ontario Beach Park ..... o-o.....o.- ......... o -183- Ontario Shoreline ....... o ...... 183- Port Authority Land . ...... 184 o Stutson Street North to Railroad ... o .... o .... 184 -o Genesee River Shoreline ... -:o Durand Eastman Park Shoreline ... o 185 o Durand Eastman Park and Ponds 186": General Recreation and Development Principles@.', 186 .-TECHNICAL REPORT ONEROSION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS -AND POSSIBLE PROTECTIVL MEASURES Introduction .............. _Ao ...... o 191 Erosion Potential Factors .............. .191 o Basic Environmental Influences ...... 0 soils ..... ....... 192 -Erosion Potent'ia'1'*Aon*a'1'y*s4iso o ................ 0.0o 1.97 o Shoreline o ............ o... o.o.. 198 o Rochester Harbor Area ................ 200 o Inland Areas ... 200 201 Protective Measures ...... o Shoreline . ........ o ... _ooo ........ o .......... o 202 o Rochester Harbor Area .... 207 o Inland Areas ...... ....... o-o-o 207 _:..':TROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND ASSESSMENT o 210 -'REFERENCES ................ 232 TABLE OF GRAPHICS .......... TABLE OF GRAPHICS Page .-Study Area Location and Map Index ........ ....... 4 Coastal Zone Study Areas ............................ 5 and Waterfront Factors ........................ 34 -'Existing Land Use and Zoning ...................... 39 Development Proposal: County General Development,Plan-1975 .... 43 ....:,,,,..Development Proposal: Comprehensive Regional Development.Plari-19@75 ... 44. -@DevelopmOnt Proposal: .-Early Action Program-1972 45 Quality ................... 54 :Ownership and Public Lands .... ..................... 57 @@Ownership and Public lands:'Durand Eastman Park 58 .,Access and Visual Factors ........................ 64 Visual Analysis and Public Acce ss ................ 65 Visual Analysis and Public Access: ..Durand Eastman Park ............................ 66 Fish and Wildlife Resources ....................... 83 -Erosion Factors ................................... .89 Electric Generating Facilities ................... 97, @-Conse-rvation-Strategy-Illustrative Plan ........... 114 'Conservation.Strategy-Illustrative--Plan: .Durand Eastman Park ............................. 115 -.-,--,'-1Development Strategy-Illustrative Plan ........... 117 Development Strategy-Illustrative Plan: -Durand Eastman Park ........................... 120.: 'Balanced Use.Strategy-Illustrative-Plan -Balanced Use Strategy-Illustrative Plan: Durand Eastman Park ........... 121 130 Preferred Strategy-.Illustrative Plan ............. Treferred Strategy-Illustrative@:Tlan: Durand Eastman Park .................................... 137 -@hasing of Development-Preferred Strategy ......... 164 Phasing of Development-Preferred Strategy: 'Durand-Eastman Park ...... - ....... 165 194 Soils and Watersheds ......................... --Soil Erosion Potential .......... ..... 195 INTRODUCTION 0-4 -INTRODUCTION This Rochester Coastal Zone Study is a comprehensive study of resource management and land development potential for an area withinthe City.of Rochester, ''-located adjacent to Lake Ontario. This report is prepared as part of a series of State and national -..environmental coastal area planning studies initiated -.--..,-by the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act-of 1972. .,This report is prepared specifically for the City of -Rochester Department of Community Development and .@-the New York State Secretary of State. --The objective of this study is to,analyze the natural, .l.built-physical, social and economic aspects of the coastal zone environment and to develop a resource -and land management program which preserves the _Antegrity of both the natural and cultural systems .-operating within the coastal zone. study has had the following two major components; :-o @Resource Analysis: This part included the speci- fications, acquisition and evaluation of existing data, pertaining to water-.quality,-land,use compe-- tition, public access, fish and wildlife resources, -electric generating facility impacts, erosion, ---port and waterfront development and legal controls .-that affect the land use of the coastal zone area. -This analysis culminated with an assessment of resource potentials and constraints, and the .-articulation of related planning and management issues needing.resolution. It should be noted @----that the resource selection and classification used throughout this study was prescribed by the _Secretary of State in the interest of uniformity @among the various State coa-stal zone-studies. .-o Development Proposal: This part included the of recommended goals and objectives to guide the preparation of alternative strate- -:@gies for the development and conservation of zone resources. -Alternative strategies, suggesting comprehensive but practical approaches for planning and management were proposed. Ecoplans then prepared a preferred strategy and _:specific action program for its implementation. This final report on the study consists of several .-.@sections organized in the following manner: o Context of the.Study: @7his section establishes -the framework for both the localand regional significances of the Rochester study, describing,, . --the..geographic boundaries, program objectives and the major issues surrounding the coastal .-zone resources. Inventory and Analysis of Resources: This section -incl des the evaluation of eTi'stinq data pertain-, port and waterfront development, land use .@,competition, water quality,@public-access-and _.,:@@recreatioa, legal controls, fishand wildlife -ion, and electric genera n -resources, eros ti g facili ties. The analysis focuses on current status and @,--conditions, and the implications for planning and development. o Alternative Strategies: This section develops a range of alternative-strategies between develo p- ..ment-.and..conservation of:-the coastal zone re-' sources. Alternative policies., programs, and -,-development "illustrative" -design plans are presented. Preferred Strategy: This section presents a recommended set of policies.-programs and designs for the coastal zone area. -0 @Proqram: This - Management and Development Action --section includes recommended planning and manage- :ment programs for the coastal zone resources and... _@an implementation schedule-for.-the recommended development plan. -.@_The appendix of this report contains two technical on the potential-for additional or ex- .....panded recreationj and the other on erosion potential --analysis and possible protective-.,measures. The -appendix also contains a parcel-by-parcel listing of --property ownership and assessments,.followed by a ---bibliography. Gs _SUMMARY -OF FINDIN -SUMMARY OF FINDINGS @.@The Rochester C*oastal Zone must be considered as a unique regional resource. The zone contains some of the area's finest beaches lying within the protective ..bay._ Its central location and high accessibility, plus its existing development, offers many.existing :.potentials for higher and better uses. While the zone no longer plays as major a port and industrial as it once did, it does possess the potential to contribute significantly to the local economy rough-new or expanded recreational, residential activity. For these reasons, planning -..for the coastal zone should stress the remedial and ..,..rehabilitative concerns. @Due to its proximity to the urban core, the study area is one of the most intensely used segments of the Lake .-Ontario coast line. With the coming'improvement in -...water quality in the Genesee River and the RoIchester -embayment area, the pressures on the zone will siq- @.nificantly increase, requiring more-detailed policy [email protected] program planning and a high level of financial .."commitment than the less developed, outlying areas of ...4the regional coastal zone....- Nhile being a regional resource, the coastal zone is also a part of a Rochester neighborhood known as The development of facilities serving regional needs must be cognizant of the potential ..impacts u'on the social and economic stability of p .the surrounding areas. ..-Many.governmental agencies are currently involved in .7-the management of the coastal resources. Effective action is hampered only by the_absence of a coordinated and concerted effort. We believe this initiative for .-coordination and positive, forward-looking change --should originate with the.City of Rochester Department zzqof Community Development.. on the findings contained in this report, we following recommendations: o A Genesee-Finger Lakes Regional Coastal Zone Policy Committee should be established to coordinate coastal policy planning for the Regional Planning Board, Orleans, Monroe and Wayne Counties, and all local municipalities. Federal and State agencies should also be represented. 1A. 0 the study area should receive high priority as a unique resource within the.total Lake Ontario shoreline. 0 The Genesee River must be recognized as a more important coastal zone element,and additional river area should be included'in the coastal zone. study area. o A management structure initiated and coordinated by the Rochester Department of Community Develop- ment is recommended. 0 A balanced development plan representing conserva- tion.and development issues.is recommended. CONTEXT OF THE STUDY THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY -64COASTAL ZONERESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS "This Rochester Coastal Zone Study i.@@"undertaken_as part -of a state and national effort to establish coordinated and comprehensive planning for the coastal zones. The Natural Coastal Zone.Management Act of 1972 L. 92-583) establishes the objectives as'well as the -primary funding for state and local coastal planning. -The Congress in passing the act found that the coastal -.-,.,--zone is vulnerable to "increasing and competing demands" z;and that it is in the national interest to provide for .-the-effective management, beneficial use, protection ...and development of the coastal zone." The Congress declared that it is the national policy:- "to preserve, protect, develop,....restore or enhance" the coastal zone; to encourage the states to manage the coastal zone, giving "consideration to ecological, cul- tural, historic, and aest--hetic values as well as ... eco- Z...nomic, development"; to encourage cooperation of local, regional and federal agencies;. and to encourage 'public participation in coastal zone management. _.'In November, 1974, New York State received a $550,000 Coastal Zone Planning Grant from the-U. S.,Department of -Commerce. The State has matched this grant with $275,000 ..of-its own. The State'.s-program is administered b]@ the -Division of State planning.under the Secretary of State. .7The State has given grants-to Regional Planning Agencies, .and local governments to determine the needs, desirability .;and feasibility of coastal zone management approaches and @methods. 'The Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board has @received a contract from the State to develop a program for Wayne, Monroe and Orleans Counties, and has, in turn, ..Contracted with the Monroe County Department of Planning .-to coordinate the study in Monroe County. The county's, -program is a three-year program. The firstyear's program [email protected] December 31, 197.5., involved the collection of basic data and the identification of key coastal zone issues. During the second year therewill be a detailed investigation of alternative management approaches, and in the third year the county will develop a specific .program for managing the coastal.zone. This study is one of three special urban pilot-programs selected for New York City.,'Troy and Rochester. THE COASTAL ZONE The coastal zone is a band of land and adjacent water space. On our large continental land mass, the coastal zone is necessarily small in size and unique in character. This uniqueness is of great importance to both the human and natural ecologies which function and interact there. Ecologically, the coastal zone is an 'area of dynamic biogeochemical activity but with a limited capacity for supporting vigorous human activity. Where the water meets the land high rates of productionf consumption and ex- change are achieved. Human use of the coastal zone often disrupts or impedes such ecological functions. The inten- sity of this conflict has grown with the increased recognition of the value and scarcity of the coastal zone as a human resource. It is this awareness of the ecologi- Cal and human importances.of coastal zone that dictates the establishment of a comprehensive rational management system. ---Th6 Rochester Coastal Zone must-be viewed as 'a unique-Area resource by the region's population. Conflicts result from a combination of population pressures combined with major and multiple demands upon the Lake Ontario shore- line. Difficulties arise both because of conflicting uses and the perception that existing uses and patterns of.activities are not essential or beneficial to the coastal zone in environmental terms. It is important that the coastal zone.be understood as an area where both natural and man-made systems are in operation; where the land ecology and uses directly affect the aquatic ecology and uses, and vice versa. This interaction of systems has no easily defined geographic boundaries-and as such-makes the selection of a special area for study and planning extremely arbitrary. Forexample, the climate of the Great Lakes affects the land far from the shoreline. The sediments and pollutants entering the Genesee River and other tributaries far from the coast are carried to Lake Ontario. The littoral cur- rents of the lake know no political boundaries. The coho salmon running the Genesee River do not stop at the tidal action but continue 3 to 4 miles beyond. -2- It is equ ally as difficult to determine geographic boundaries for the man-made systems operating in the 'The demand for coastal,recreation ---coastal area. ....for example, is generated in the-metropolitan area far@back from thb shoreline@ .,,..-.For this study.the Rochester Coastal Zone boundaries were officially defined by the,Division of State Planning. The geographic area is extremely small relative to the total coastal resources of Rochester. The study area comprises less than 2 miles of the Lake Ontario shore- line. 'Thedefined boundary is- intended as the basic area of .-impl-ementation,progra'mming. However,.@analysis of cir- _ umstances or activities outside the boundary are 7C necessary to identify factors which are important to the basic recommendations-and conclusions of this study. -GEOGRAPHIC BOUNDARIES OF COASTAL ZONE AREAS chester Stud y Area From New York State Division 6f-.State Planning: o That portion-of the Genesee-River from its terminus at Lake-.Ontario south to the Extent of.Tidal Action (approxi- @mately--Stutson Street). o -Adjacent land area located between the Genesee River :--shoreline and Lake Avenue on the west and the City line :on the east, as far south as Stutson Street., o Land within the City of Rochester,..located between the .:Lake Ontario shoreline and Beach Avenue on the south. o Estuary type areas within Durand.Eastman Park. ...Monroe County Study Area From Monroe County Department of Planning: he coastal study area [email protected] southward from Lake Ontario to Moscow Road between County Line Road and Lake Road West Fork, southward to North Hamlin Road between Lake Road West Fork and Walker-Lake Ontario Road, and southward to Chase Road between Walker-Lake Ontario Road and Townline Road. The study area shall also extend southward from this boundary along the banks of Yanty Creek, Sandy Creek, Brush Creek and Cowsucker Creek in order to determine the impact of various up- -.stream land uses on.the.water of Lake Ontario.. SD 'IrT m A MAP BOURC Ei mownry STATE OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF PLANNING SERVICES. MONROE COUNTY SCAL C 3 MIS 0 1 0 1 1 3 5 k@C@r%Rj '0 0. 10 ODD - L K D A, H A M L I N 0. K,v 7 24000 2400 -_,ca@e Iq c K S 0 N L A P 47, 15 @7- P A R M'A ) G r? <1 TP . i [;@T @,F,@j -777, t p-p F.1 J f S W E 6 E N s Od j- f ui Q JA"T E Ell 01 kS W' E Apt, 1 7@11 MAP SOURCEs N.Y. 7.5 MIN. -PLAN I M ETRI6,1968 pLIAiDS1 ROCHF-STER'EAST &WEST, LAvioBe Z mexVine J", -13each AVindsor rA Vhitecitv 2004 -E. ILI] Ch /4' B.,h OAD L A, "D T T4 Bri Sch k J1, un T 11 L=V 5 - =- _L3 sch L7 370 LIUUULJ OE: I UL I ell =z=z i:The coastal study area in Parma shall extend @-southward from Lake Ontario to Moul Road between -Town Line Road and Lighthouse Road, and southward -to Wilder Road in an areabounded on the west by Lighthouse Road, Curtis Road, and Bennett Road --and on the east by Manitou Road. It shall also. include the flood hazard area of Saimon Creek --which extends inland from the coastal zone. The coastal study area in Greece will include all .state lands in the Lake Ontario State Parkway' right-of-way and all lands north of the Parkway. It shall also extend south to include the estuary- @type areas south of the Parkway. 'The coasta-- zone in Irondequoit-shall includi-_ the between Lake Ontario and the southern exten- sion of the Penn-Central railroad line, with the exception of the residential area along Pattonwood Drive, Timrod Drive, and Kellwood Drive. On the -eastern side of town the area shall extend south- ward of the railroad as far as Oberlin Street, and shall include the residential area at the northern end of the private road off of Birch ifills.Drive.. It shall also include theiarea studied under the Irondequoit Bay Plan. It shall include for some study purposes Durand-East-man-.Park and the area known as the Highlands, although this area is owned by the City of Rochester. Areas which affect .-streams and outfalls discharging into the lake will be studied for their effect on the coastal waters. The coastal area under study in Webster shall include the land between Lake Ontario and Vosburg Road, thence continuing easterly to Wayne County --on a line approximately 2,000 feet south of Lake Road, including Webster Beach Park. The study shall -also incorporate the area -studied,under the Iron- dequoit Bay Plan, and will extend southward along the floodprone areas of streams draining into Lake 6ntario as designated in the Webster Open Spaces -:.Survey. ZONE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Federal Coastal Zone Goals From Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (P. L. 92-583, Title III, Sec. 303): To preserve, protect, develop and, where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the Nation's @coastal zone for this and succeeding generations. -6" .o To encourage and assist the states-to exercise effectively their responsibilities in the coastal zone through.the development and implementation of management programs to achieve wise use of _.the land and water resources of the coastal zone giving,full consideration to ecological, cultural, historic, and aesthetic valueslas well needs for economic development. .-o For all federal agencies engaged in programs ..affecting the coastal zone to cooperate and ..@participate with state and local governments and regional agencies in effectuating the pur- -:.---pose,s of this title. ,To encourage participation.ofthe pabl-ic, federal, -state and local governments and of regional agen- cies in the development of coastal zone management programs. New York State Coastal Zone Goals Yrom New York State Coastal Zone--Management Program -Grant Application: o -To preserve, protect, develop and, where possible,- -restore and@ enhance natural resources of the Statel.s coastal zone for this and succeeding .,generations. Objectives: Preservation of the Wetlands through public' @acquisition, enforcement of-the Tidal Wetlands acquisition and legislation ..tor the protection of freshwater wetlands. Protection, restoration-and maintenance of 2.unique and high quality.wildlife and'vegetation ...habitats, fish spawning areas, and shellfish --beds. @P rotection and preservation of distinct geologic -formations such as dunes,,---barrier-beaches, is- lands, bluffs and cliffs, and unique features. Regulations of the use and removal of mineral -resources, particularly sand and gravel, natural gas, and off-shore oil deposits. -7- o To provide opportunities, for this and succeeding generations, to enjoy and to use amenities within the'coastal,zone. Objectives: ..,.-Provision of opportunities for public access and for public recreation in the coastal zone. Preservation and enhancement of high -quality and varied scenic views and vistas.. 0 To.promote the health, safety, welfare, and economic 'well-being of all citizens through.wise use and of the'State's coastal,.-one.'s. Objectives: Promotion of orderly development within the coastal zone, particularly over large tracts of undeveloped land, along beachfronts, and alonq shorefronts of lakes, rivers and streams, so as to avoid land use conflicts'and the unnecessary degradation of natural resources. Provision for planned development of environ- mentally sound statewide and k6gional-infra- structure facilities such as deep-water and land-based ports, power genera-tion and trans-- mission facilities, sewage treatment facilities, -facilities for the transportation, refining, storage.and distribution of fossil fuels, and other.water-oriented commercial-and indu-strial developments essential to the economic viability of the State and its coastal communities. Improvement'of air and water quality in order to meet required standards. Assurance of the adequacy of water supply, in- cluding the protection of watersheds, aquifers, and recharge basins. Promotion of wise uses in such natural-hazard areas as flood plains, stream belts, bluffs, dunes and barrier beaches where development could unreasonably endanger life or property. 'Preservation of highviability-agricultural forest lands. ...o To@coordinate the plans, programs, and projects .--of -various--governmental.and private interests Involved in. the coastal zone. 'Objectives: Effective monitoring of federal, interstate, state and local plans, programs and policies --.-.-.in order to avoid duplication and waste.. Assurance of opportunity for public interests --,to be represented in, the development and z-1zimplementation of-a coastal zone management program. Assurance of compatibility of a coastal zone .management program with existing and future pub-. lic programs and policies. Identification of coastal zone development de- cisions having regional or statewide implications --and the development of policies and procedures for making development decisions when local and regional or statewide interests are in conflict. -COASTAL.ZONE ISSUES .Statewide Issues and Concerns .From New York State Coastal Zone Management Program Grant Application: :'Water Quality 'o How may water quality be improved and waste water be -handled in.relation to coastal zone goals and ob- Jectives. Competition Among Land Uses -How may competing land and water uses be reconciled -with the need for economic and social development nd preservation of natural and scenic features. .a -Preservation of Wetlands 0 How may further loss or degradation of the State's be prevented without causinng undue economic hardship. -9- Public Acbess o How may opportunities for public recreation and enjoy- m6nt of coastal resources be achieved without undue impact upon private property. Protection of Fish and Wildlife Resources o, How may fish spawning areas and other wildlife habi- tats be protected and restored-.-- Intergovernmental Cooperation o -How may maximum voluntary -c-ooperation among State and other levels of government-be achieved. Port and Waterfront Development o How may the economic advantages-of existing and poten- tial major ports and harbors be maximized. -ig problems be minimized. o How may dredgi. o How may blighted waterfront areas be restored. Economic Development -.0 @aHow may continued expansion of economic activities and .employment opportunities.beachieved with" 0@@,,undue. n e_soilrces.an .--damage to or destructio of--natural`r d scenic values. o -How may the tourist and recreational value of the zone be fully realized. Lake Level Regulation o, How may lake levels and stream flows be regulated in a manner that reconciles different uses. Issues and Concerns for the Monroe County Coastal Zone -From-Monroe County Department-of Planning:, @ConserVation and Preservation o. Coordination of all planning with existing studies -such as open space plans and drainage studies. :o, Coordination with appropriate groups such as Lake Plains Water Fowl Association,,Ornithological Society, -Sierra Club. ..Coordination with conservation councils and boards -'and-development-of such where-needed. o Stream water quality protection and improvement. o Coastal water quality protection and-improvement. o Natural stream channel preservation. -o *Upstream erosion and sediment control standards and enforcement. o Protection of wildlife refuge areas. o Development of nature study facilities.. 0 Woodlot preservation. o Relationship of agricultural land.use tothe coastal _10- area. o Funding and jurisdictional questions. Residential -o Floodi'ng and,erosion hazards to existing development. o Adequacy-of flood hazard bounda ry delineations. -@,o Effects of Flood Insurance Program on existing and future development. -o 'Enforcement of erosion prevention standards. o Adequate provision for sanitarywaste disposal and water. ...,o ---Storm water drainage facilities. o Possibilities of and effects of east-west mass transit line. o Effects.of extension of Rte. 47. o Effects of north-south mass transit line. Effects of Pure Waters sewerinterceptors on develop- ment. o- Future use of Hojack line. o Redevelopment of existing residential areas. o Recommendations on lake level regulation mechanisms. o Protection or private property rights. ''Recreational o Increasing needs to provide for fishing and boating access and services. Needs -for swimming, hunting-;- -golfing, p3:cn,a:cking- and'.'* .bicycling access. o Possibilities of encouraging-,-further-development of.. state parklands in-Greece and Hamlin to help meet these needs. o Plans for possible commercial,recreational develop- ment. o Question of Lake Ontario State Parkway maintenance should be maintained by Parks or D.O.T.? Possibilities of recreational development.along parkway right-of-way. o Importance of regulation, policing, and maintenance. ..of recreational areas.' o IPossibilities of recreational development along .-Salmon Creek and Sandy Creek. .-0 Development of 1-akefront facilities at Durand Eastman Park.. i@o Coordination with any plans for redevelopment in the @.'-City of Rochester,coastal zone., -0 Explore possibilities of further shorefront development in Webster Park. @o Funding and jurisdictional questions. Problems and Issues of the Rochester Coastal Zone Port Development Major Problems: @o Uncertainty as to the need for and future of the P ort. o Unaesthetic and dilapidated character of port facilitiest limited.operation and ability for im- provement. o Local opposition to altering the character.of current port activities (e.g., development of an oil terminal or additional bulk storage). o Future of cement plant if dredging requirement elim- imated by abandonment of the port. o Conflict of land use generated by port activity. o Pollution of water by port-related activities. Issues: o Should the port be abandoned and converted to some other use? o If so, should future use of the area be for public access or more compatible private land uses (housing, commercial)? o Should redevelopment be controlled by the c-1-ty or the county? Land Use Competition Ma)or Problems:----- 0 Lack of a definitive policy and plan for the control of use and density of deve1opment- of lands bordering-- coastal waters. o Increasing land market values as coastal zone quality improves. o Conflicts in the use of lands bordering the coastal waters (e.g., residential vs. commercial/entertain- ment and recreation, public recreation vs. private marinas, residential and public recreation vs. port- related warehousing and industry).. o, Private vs. public ownership and control of shore- line areas. 0 Implications of transportation improvments on the future density of development of lands bordering coastal waters. o, Visual pollution, noise and litter associated with mixed land use development. o Traffic congestion-and parking deficiencies. o Uncertainty as to the future use of lands,in non-conforming or obsolete land uses. Issues:- o Should there be greater public control of the use and density of land development of the lands bordering coastal waters? -12- o Should there be increased public ownership and control of coastal land areas? o -Should the density of residential land development be increased? @o Should additional areas be provided for public open space and recreation? o Should commercial land use (entertainment, dining, marinas) related to public recreation and open space uses.be expanded? IN o Should any land areas be reserved for possible future use for port-related activities? o Should there be standards and review procedures forgreater control of the architectural and other visual aspects of development-_-projects in the coastal land areas? o Should the City of Rochester retain control of the development planning use of physi&al improvement of Ontario Beach and Durand Eastman Parks? Public Access and Recreation Major Problems: o Lack of adequate public access to coastal waters due to private ownership and blockage by railroad. o Need for boat launching and public marina facilities. o Inadequate sport fishing.access to coastal waters. o Potential use of abandoned railway rights-of-way. o Coordination of coastal-area.--access-with the Genesee.,... River Plan objectives. o Potential disruption of access due to deposition of dredge spoil off Durand Eastman Park. o Lack of policy for utilization of estuarine ponds in Durand Eastman Park. a Need for correlation of public access points with off-street parking facilities. Need for improved public transportation access to coastal area. o Inadequate and unsafe pedestrian and bicycle circulation routes. Issues: o Should public access to the coastal area be improved? o Should existing public open space access be expanded? o Should additional marinas be provided and recreational boating facilities developed by public or private interests? o Should the City of Rochester or Monroe County seek ownership and control of possible abandoned rail- road rights-of-way in the coastal area? o Should improvmenets be made for public access for sport fishing at the mouth of the Genesee River? -13- o, Should a coordinated system of highway, transit, pedestrian and bicycle circulation and parking be developed to link the separate Areas of the ',Rochester coastal zone? _0 Should access to the lake shore be improved north -of Durand Eastman Park? o, Should possible future dredging spoil be used to. develop new public land area, either immediately to the east of the Genesee-River mouth or off-shore of the Durand Eastman Park? :o Should future public recreation areas in the coastal area be developed and makrrta-ined by' the city, the ..county or the state? -Water Quality -.,Major Problems: o Overflow discharge of combiiied_`s&nitary and storm sewer systems directly into the Genesee River. o Siltation of the Genesee River and Durand Eastman Park Lakes caused.by increased turn-off from urban development and lack of control of urban develop- ..ment site preparation. o High coliform counts in potential swimming waters. .-o High nutrient levels and resultant algae (cladophora) growth in the Rochester Embayment of Lake Ontario. -0 Thermal pollution and oxygen depletion by power plant coolant discharges.. o Turb-i'dity and pollution generating by dredging operations. o, Illegal discharge of marinie-hbldi:ng'-ta:nks: into the. Genesee River and off-shore waters. o Conflicting water quality standards and regulatory :-authority of local, state@and,federal agencies. o -Inadequate monitoring of coastal waters quality. Issues: o Should current programs for pollution abatement and the improvement of coastal water quality be accelerated or upgraded? o Should there be a more precise set of water quality standards established for-the coastal waters? o, Should the monitoring of water quality of the -,coastal waters be improved? o, Should new controls be established at cityr ..County and state levels to prohibit the pollution of coastal waters? Legal Controls Major Problems: o No coordination among jurisdictions which share responsibility for coastal zone areas. -14- 0 Inadequate criteria for guiding private development .-An coastal zone areas. Need for guidelines to derive and update land use policies. ,-o--Need for mechanisms which address the source of coastal zone environmental problems, such as waterquality, erosion., etc. o Need to relate coastal zone obj*ectiv'es@to:a.`%-. Vel' of control in legal instruments; is. land ..'ao.'.'.'it;it-ion necessary in all cases? o Need to improve enforcement of state and local land use controls, especially zoning, sanitary ordinances and other instruments which effect entire jurisdictions. -Issues: @--o Should state agencies such@as-the Department of Environmental Conservation.-and the-Department....of consolidate their standards and review procedures? o, Should the state have review power over all private development in coastal zones? o. Can and should specific criteria be developed .for-private development, especially commercial and industrial activities? o Can and should all coastal areas be subject to local and state design review procedures? o In addition to amortizing non-conforming uses, I 1-ch activities wh -t@end -to d-egrade the .--coastal zone be changed? o Should specific guidelines for rezoning land be provided to local legislatures along with the requirement that all such changes be documented as .,a matter of record? o Can incentives be developed which influence positively the provision of green space and public access corridors? ...o Can a data base be developed which allows updating of land use controls and other legal mechanisms in a way which will support coastal zone objectives and will assist in the updating of site review criteria? o What simple changes can be made to existing standards (definition of open space, special requirements, for-example) and procedures which will help protect coastal zones while new -legal instruments are being-developed? Erosion Control Major Problems: o Siltation of the Genesee River from upstream soil 'erosion and urban surface run-off. o No control of soil erosion from new urban develop- ments in Irondequoit along tributary streams feeding -Durand Eastman Park ponds. u o River level flow controls which allow settlement of soil particles. o, Basic soil structure of alluvial origin which is generally easily erodable. Issues: o Should municipalities containing the river and tributaries to coastal waters develop more strict controls governing the prevention of soil erosion in new urban development projects? o Should the control of river-J-1ows be evaluated to determine if flow augmentation is required during low flow seasons? o Should developers be required-to improve and maintain natural drainage courses, instead of providing artificial storm--drainage systems? Fish and Wildlife Resources Major Problems: 0 No recognition of urban wildlife and sport fishing potential. o No information on trends in the quality of fish and wildlife habitat in the coastal area. o Destruction of fishing habitat by water pollution. o Need for better public awareness of urban impacts on the natural ec6logy and-affects on fish and wildlife. Issues: o Should the natural wildlife habitat potentialof the coastal zone be restored? o Should specific fish habitat improvements be made in view of water quality imp-rovroments? o Should sections of Durand Eastman Park be promoted as areas.for nature study and environmental-education? o Should the state be requested to provide assistance to improve fish and wildlife habitats in the coastal area i Electric Generating Facilities Major Problems: o Thermal pollution of river and lake waters by RG&E electric generating facilities with,once-through water cooling systems (Beebee and Russell Stations). o impact of addition of refuse-burning boilers at RG&E Russell Station in terms of refuse material transport, visual impact of plant expansion, fly ash disposal system. o Control of river flows for purposes of power generation and impact on water quality. Issues: o Should additional programs be established for the control of power generating facility impacts on coastal zone water quality? -16- -0 Should any of the existing plants be phased out as .---RG&E provides additional capacity at more remote locations? -0 Should -the visual and aesthetic impacts of plant expansions-receive additional review? -INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF RESOURCES !T; INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF COASTAL RESOURCES SUMMARY DISCUSSION OF COASTAL ZONE RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND LIMITATION Presented here is the basic inventory and analysis of the resources of the Rochester Coastal Zone. This analysis ._provides the foundation for the-consideration of alterna tive strategies and the selection of a preferred'strategy for the planning and management of-the coastal zone. .-The resources of the coastal zone Are placed in the con- .text of the following eight functional areas: port develop- land use, water quality, public access and recreation, legal controls, erosion potential, fish and wildlife, and electric generating facilities. This inventory is a compilation of existing information and represents only the beginning of an effort to estab-. lish environment baseline data for the coastal zone. The Rochester Coastal Zone is an area which demonstrates the complexity of urban coastal resource management. Basically, the potentials and limitations of this area -ref lect the historic natural. value- of this particular segment of the Lake Ontario coastline as a stimulus to human settlement and industrial enterprise. Thus, the high natural potential of the area has obviously contri- buted to its use and development. In the past, this use and development has been characterized by an attitude.of @unmanaged exploitation - and has resulted in severe de-, radation of the qualities which originally made it -.9 attractive. -Many complex forces of change economic, social and political - now affect the area, and the establishment of an effective management program requires a comprehen- --sive perspective of these forces, and an understanding of howthey contribute to both the conservation and ----development of the specific coastal zone resources. Another important aspect of management is a perception of some fundamental trends which.will significantly in- the patterns of urban form and activitv over the coming years. One major *trend is the concern with energy production and consumption. While this will not directly affect the Rochester Coastal Zone area, there are obvious in- direct impacts generated by the efforts to conserve energy by.making present urban habitats more efficient, and the massive capital requirements involved in making the nation more independent in terms of energy supplies. Utilization of capital resources for this purpose is already responsible for a.signifi.cant capital short- ..:fall for other purposes on the east coast. Combined with the current tremors, in the municipal bond market, the outlook suggests increasing difficulty 'in the financing of needed urban area capital improvements' .,and increasing concern with the priorities for allocat- ing what limited capital resources may exist. Much of this points to demands for increased density of develop- ._@ment in locations where they may be-'-more efficiently ..serviced - either by expansions of existing urban in- frastructure or by the construction of new energy fficient-systems, such as the light rail trans"t --System proposed to link the Rochester coastal area with 'the center of the City. More densely populated areas will require close-by amenities - such as the park, open space and recrea- .tional resources found in the Rochester Coastal Zone. 'Another major trend is the concern with environmental quality - which, of cour'se, becomes a prime requirement -for sustaining the quality of urban living experience in high-density urban zones. Air and water pollution a-ba-t,,ement-programs will-continue to.be.stressed because they affect our most vital resources. As these pro- grams take effect, the how-polluted elements of the urban coastal areas will again become more attractive places for recreational pursuits. Concern with environ- mental quality has also resulted in a new awareness of the resource potential of the coastal zone as fish and @'Wildlife habitat. This awareness is based not so much on the fishing, hunting and recreational potential of resources as it is on their value as indicators of environmental quality and their value as aesthetic --and educational resources. All of these environmental quality concerns have pro- duced the demand for more effective legal controls for the avoidance of adverse environmental impact, rancring from the assessment of the environmental implicati ons of proposed project to the direct development of environ @@=ental criteria and standards which both existing and .,proposed developments must comply with. Since many en- vironmental impacts generated by localized situations have area-wide or regional impacts, the legal control system by nature involves the participation of several levels of government. This-in turn establishes the re- quirement for more effective intergovernmental communi- cation and coordination. _19- Technological.trends in industrial processes and. the transportation of raw materials and products have pulled -industrial uses out of the dense urban areas, where facilities have become obsolete, to more suburban loca- tions with direct service connections to the Interstate -highway systems and the primary urban arterial network. While a return to more.energy-efficient modes of trans- -.Port for industrial goods might suggest a rehabilitation. ..Of the rail system, the demand for water*transport facility improvements remains questionable for 'all but .-the-major coastal ports andthose with industr-ies requir-, bulk materials shipments., -All of these trends have decided.implications for --assessing the potentials and limitations of the Roches-@- ter Coastal Area. In-summary, they suggest that this, area has the strongest potential as a residential and recreationally-oriented urban coastal resource, and limited value as an industrial port area. This is re- @-,flected in the existing developmental quality of the area. Residential, and residentially related commercial and institutional developments are of relatively high quality - and the existirg recreational and public ac- -:-,cess systems have substantial potential forexpansion, even where their current qualities are not the highest. - -On thelother-hand, the'industrldl dn-d--industrially-- related commercial and transport components of.the area in relatively poor condition, -if not altoqether @-abandoned. Power generation facilities are not a sig- nificant element of concern.. And while water quality, and fish and wildlife resources have been degraded in the past by port-related activi- ..ties - and urban influences external the the area, these .'.basic resources are being improved and protected. in-conclusion, The Rochester Coastal Zone Area has sig- nificant potential as a unique urban environment inter- face with the natural amenities found in any coastal, zone. Although the creation of an effective management -system poses significant political and legal problems intergovernmental legal controls and .due to the need for the wise conservation and development of the Zone should be intensively preserved as a major community development objective. -20- PORT DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS Significance' of the Resource The existing facilities providethe opportunity for the and transfer of bulk materials to the Rochester region by water transport. The existence of the port and the offering,of an alter- native.means of shipping may be a factor in stabilizing all forms of shipping costs. In terms of relationships with other resources of the Zone Area, port development,r-epresents a major factor in land use competition. Water quality is obviously related to port use and de- velopment. The relationship is usually negative - with port use degrading water quality from dredging opera- @tions, and the introduction of pollutants - toxic chem- icals from spillage or leaching from bulk storage areasF se, oil and sewage discharged by ships and small _,@.and grea craft using the harbor. Ports containing recreational boating facilities improve public access, but in many cases, ports pre-empt some of the most desirable water-, front areas. Due to water quality impacts, port devel- _0 pment generally degrades fish and wildlife potential. .Legal controls affecting port development relate primar- ily to federal involvement in harbor maintenance, re-. quiring environmental impact assessment under the Environmental Policy Act, and to state en- abling legislation authorizing the establishment, and the powers and.functions, of local port authorities. -Historic Development .-The Rochester harbor-is classified-as the lower 2@ miles of the Genesee River. The harbor channel has,been con- @@-,tinuously improved and maintained by the Corps of En- -gi-neers under the authorization of the Federal River and Harbor Acts to a depth of 21 feet in the Genesee River, 23 feet in the. entrance channel and 24 feet in the ap-, @proach channel (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1975:34). Major terminal and transfer facilities are operated by ..,-.the Rochester-Monroe County Port Authority. These fa- -,.cilities were initially constructed in 1932 with another .structure added in 1949 (Hedden, 1957:,26). A second fa- cility operated by the Rochester Portand Cement Corp. --upstream of the Port Authority is uniquely related to bulk cement unloading. 'A B & 0Railroad coal dock once located at the upper --end of the harbor has been phased out of operation. -Several service and storage docks for recreational craft exist within the harbor area. Due to the inherent safe- ty provided by the harbor, and the popular growth in --recreational boating, the number of boats served.by the .,-.harbor has increased dramatically. Current Status and Condition 0 Commercial Activity Recent statistics,-summarized in Table 1 which fol- lows, indicate a general decline in water commerce _at the Port Authority. During the same period, how- ever, the building cement traffic at the Rochester Portlar..d Cement Corp. has increased in volume. The total Rochester harbor traffic is further de- tailed in Table 2 and provides an indication of the @-amount of tonnage related to 'foreign and domestic --trade as well as the number of vessels. The Port Authority figures for the amount of tonnage handled annually by the public authority and the private port are presented in Table 3. -The Rochester-Monroe County Port Authority leased .their current sites from the City of Rochester, for a term of 50 years, on August 26, 1960. The lease is scheduled to expire on August,31, 2010. Vhe land area is approximately 23 acres and the principal buildings contain approximately -91,000 square feet of storage space. The Authority, in an agreement dated October 13, 1960 and amended -December 19, 1963, has subleased a portion of their facilities to the Pittston Stevedoring Corp. of New York City. As a result of the recent decline in Port Authority activities, the facilities have physically declined -22- TABLE ROCIIeSLcr flarbor Comwe'rce I;y Major CUTIlmodiLy. (short Lons) alendar Building Sand, Gravel : Coal and 14 r-, ws P r iT, Nonnictalic Ycar Cement Cuushed Ro c k : Lip OLher 2iiiLe Piper Minerals Total 1973 265,472 112,418. 16,154 39,400 504 :433,948 1972 273,399 19,637 73,100 149 :366,285 @1971 182,220 0 15,345 106,800 2,884 :307,249 1970 174,198 169,539 14,634 66,933 :23,822 :449,126, 1969 127,917 13,041 310,500 4,749 :609,638 184,712 405,427 11,127 46,261 :45,635 :693,162 158,393 410,695, 15,974 38,738 :61j413 :685,213 I qr%6 lc;n 117 P, n71 3.1 V 63,369 :0'39,Du/-. @-1965 123,419 605,063 11,638 10,63.5, :10,675, -:761,430 -1964 124,825 :285,658 92167 :.9,722 :429,372 Source: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1975:37 -23- TABLE 2 i-er Harbor "rra"lici" Roclies A. Forei@n Do!-Cstic Calen-a@- : Tot a! Overseas C an, i a n : L ak e w i s e : interral : Farl or Ve�sels 7 Ou!--bcund 'Year : Tcnnaq@;e in*-cund Outbo"-.- 1-,boumd "Outbo-umd. : Rece-i-pts : Receipts : 1973 4 3 9 4 8 50/1 3 5- 4 044 39,400 19712 366,285 77 293,036 72 73,100 103 102 1971 307,249 21 , Sq- 2 1017,565 0 106, '000 101 100 1970 419,126 29"', 317 183,832 169,f39 66,M 23,211 139 132 19-119 609,633 3,4-69 1,245 140,0153 433,167 30,500 149 146 L 1963 693,162 10,678 2,408 196,410 4-05,137 77,0.19 1 2 10 210, 217 1967 6S5,213 6,332 2,471 174,361 410,-,,09 62,109 29,225 252 249 1016.5 839,5C2 3 , 5^05 19,961 2-27,244 563,194 18,709 6,509 11-60 2 6 2- 1965 761,430 5,706 4,408 144,837 606,09 290 290' 1 S--' 4 4 2 0- 7 2 4,599 5,12") .133,992 2 8- 5 53 189 190 All units shor t Pt tons exce for numler of harbor vessels. source: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers,.-1975:38 TABLE 3 --_PORT OF ROCHESTER TONNAGE FACILITIES Authority Prime Port Year Gen. Bulk Total Bulk Total 1974 38,371 46,253 84,624 294,950 3791'574 J973 39,990 312,655 352,645 288,829 641,474 1972 25,587 203,394 228,981 255,000 483,981 1971 30,890 131,900 162,798 228,000 390,790 _1970 23,008. 85,268 @108,276 345,314 433,590 1969 21,891 50,500 72,391 536,881 609,272 -1968 27,878 56,675 84,553 621,659 706,212 1967 26,942 38,100 64,042 610,113 675,155 1966 27,766 43,850 71,616 746,605 818,221. 1965 25,107 37,280 62,387 751,181 813,568 'Source: Rochester-Monroe County Port Authorit@( Annual Reports -25- over recent.years. The major factors essential to the livelihood and viability-of the port are the __@handling of bulk materials which have, in the past, included coal and rock salt. 'The transfer, handling long-term storage of bulk material has been met with opposition from the local community (Charlotte). Studies outlining the site's potential for an oil .:tank farm have likewise been met with opposition from both safety and aesthetic points of view. Therefore, while the potential may theoretically %._exist for the port facility,-land use competition and social rejection have created significant limi- tations. --Proposals to a.bolish the Port Authority are current- ly under discussion by the County legislature. Con- trol of the port facility might then be placed under -the County's Department of Public Works at which point, the future of port operations as such are un- known. The New York State Department of Transportation is currently conducting a study of the Upstate Public @---Ports through a consultant, Frederic R. Harris of Great Neck,,New York. The initial phase of study intended to define the market potential and re- gional-benefit of the ports and'preliminary conclu- -sions are scheduled to be available in early 1976. The Rochester Portland Cement Corporation facilities are simply a series of mooring ports with an associ- -ated pneumatic equipment capability to discharge .,cement to the silos located on the adjacent high bank. In 1974, the Corporation negotiated'to pay the Port Authority ten cents-per ton of cement which was brought into the Port of Authority by water. (Rochester-Monroe County Annual Report - 1974). 'This agreement was established an an expression of -their concern with the con'tinued operation of the Port Authority. o 7-Dredqing To:accommodate the commercial port traffic the Rochester harbor channel in the Genesee River re- quires annual dredging to remove silt deposits cre- ated by the general drainage pattern of the river. The maintenance of the harbor is under the direc- tion of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Buffalo, N.Y. District. The following is a description of -26- their activities, (U.S. Army@Corps of Engineers, 1975:34).: The existing project was authorized by the 1829, .1882, 1910, 1935, 1945, and 1960 River and Har- bor Acts which provide for: a. Approach channel 24 feet deep, 300 feet wide, from deep water in the lake to oppo- site the outer end of the west pier, about 1,900 feet long. b. Entrance channel 23 feet deep, 200 feet wide between.the piers flaring to a turning basin of the same depth, 600 feet in width, oppo- site the Rochester-Monroe COunty Port Auth-'' ority dock, thence reducing to 270 feet in width to the downstream side of the New York Central Railroad bridge. c. Channel in Genesee River 21 feet deep suit- ably widened at bends, varying in width from 270 feet to 150 feet, except 300 feet wide adjacent to the upper turning basin, from the downstream side of the New York Central Railroad bridge to the upstream_-Federal project limit, a distance of about 11,800 feet. d. Upper turning basin, adjacent to the river channel, 21 feet deep irregularly shaped, 650 feet wide and about 10 acres'in area. -e. Two mooring dolphins located at the angle points on the south side of the upstream turning basin. f. Parallel piers at the mouth of Genesee Riv- er, about 450 feet apart, the west pier 3,036 feet long and the east pier 2,699 feet long. An annual average of approximately 275,000 cubic @---yards of material is removed by dredging at an.av- erage annual cost of $137,597. Table 4 presents the annual-activities. The annual dredging of the commercial harbor has been the subject of environmental concern in recent years. The dredged sediment in the river has been determined by the EPA to be polluted and unaccept- able for open lake disposal. The sediments are now -27- TABLE 4 Rochester Harbor Maintenance Costs Fiscal : Misc. Inspection Breakwater : Snagging & Mat@@Iiai Year : & Cond. Survey D@ed2L@a&___($) Repairs : Clearing Removed 1975 5iOOO* 507,700* 662,211 1974 18,961 123,796 L 66,914 1973 23,044 :,139,056 L 8,170 161,131 11,364 198,921 L 14,234 289,574 .1971 17,585 109,801 L 176,991 182,966 1970 14,817 291,618 L 356,332 110 437,386 -1969 16923-7. 89,726 L 62@732 159-i415 '1968 10,429 81,537 L 1,198 163,423 1967 15,597 143,871 M 517,094 -1 nee I.-> no" n,7 n n,) 22 r- .1965 9,.703 160,355 L 175,591 L - Drcdging by U.S. Hopper Dredge LYMAN M - Dredging by U.S. Hopper Dredge MARKHAM -''Estimated Cost S. Army Corps ource: of Engineers, 1975:42 -28- deposited in open lake dumping one and one-half .-.miles N600 from the harbor's west breakwater. The -..-Corps of Engineers has proposed alternative sites -for depositing the dredged sedimebts. Figure A'illus- seven proposed sites. The selection of a pre- site and the report on the environmental impacts is due in July, 106. _o. Recreational Use of Harbor .,"Eleven marina facilities are located in the Rochester ..harbor and their activities and services are detailed .in Table 5. Approximately 800 craft are served within "the harbor. The marina development has occurred pri- marily.on the east side of the river, opposite and south of the Port Authority facilities. In response to'the substantial growth and demand for rec- reational boating facilities, the Genesee River Plan has :@:recommended development of marina facilities along several ,areas of the Genesee River including the area occupied by the Port Authority (The Genesee River Plan, 1965:71). .@Recreational craft in the narrow harbor pose a potential ..,conflict in use with larger commercial ships. However, with the-decline in waterbdrn6'commercial traffic, r-ecre-' ational traffic now dominates the harbor. 0 Transportation and Port Activity Surface tran*sportation.(highway and rail) is an import- -ant support element in the operation of a commercial port. An intensive industrial and commercial history led to establishment of a majorrailroad network in the coastal zone. A major rail line exists parallel to the @Lake: Ontario shoreline (cross'inq the Genesee River on a swing bridge) with connecting spur running south to -@Rochester along each side of the river. Today, many of these rail lines are underutilized, aban- -,doned or in disrepair. Plans for consolidation and re- @.-use of this rail network are underway. A preliminary plan of the U.S. Railroad Administration, according to _.-Robert Tylock, Regional D.O.T. Director (Tylock, 1975a), indicates that the Hojack line from Dewey Ave. easterly -29- FIGURE A L A K E 0 1V.T A R 0 N `3 31TE PUCK POND SITE 4 OUND POND ONTARIO 041 BEACII SITE I 1?/0 P E N,-j 1 C4.. /V C 1114DSOR VEACH 113 DURAND EASTMAN PARI( A SITE 7 SITE S IT E 6 IRONDEQUOIT IT E 5 U CITY oi- -ROCHESTER K SIC= 1014 S IT E 8 7-6 7 ROCHESTER HARBOR, N.Y. DISPOSAL SITES 5000 0 5000 1;EET' Source: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers _30- -TABLE 5 harina Facilities in Rochester Harbor No. 1,aunching No. Pier Fuel Boat. Hull and Engine Navie Ramps Moorings Sold Sales: Repairs .Triangle Marine UNK Yes Yes Rochester Yacht Club 75 Yes .-Vaughans Marina UNK Yes Yes Genesee Yacht Club UNK' -Sailer Marine Service. 1 200 Yes Yes Yes Shurways Narina 1 175 Yes Yes- Yes Oweris Rochester Inc. 14@ Yes Yes Riverview.Yacht Basin 1 200 Yes Yes Charlotte Yacht.Club UNK Marine Company Anchor 50 The Yacht Center 0 Yes Yes .-Source: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1975:39 -31- to Rock Beach Road in Irondequoit will. be continued to connect western traffic with the southern spur. But the Hojack Line from Rock Beach Road easterly,.through Durand Eastman Park, to Holt Road in Webster, could be --.-eliminated in the future since it is "not essential for continued rail purposes.11 D.O.T. has also preliminarily concluded that the railroad lines along River Street and the yards south of Stutson Street could be discontinued and eliminated, the west side of the river could continue-to be serviced __by the B & 0 Line, one-half mile west of the river. These two changes would still leave theport area and .-:both sides of the Genesee River with rail freight ser- -vice. More rail lines may be eliminated in 'Che future ..*if commercial and industrial activity in the river area continues to decline. .Service of port and industrial facilities by truck traf- fic poses several problems. The area around the mouth of the Genesee River is largely residential and generally intolerant to heavy commercial highway traffic. In . . addition, Lake Ontario State Parkway excludes commercial vehicles. The nearest interstate is 4 miles south of the coastal zone. Industrial activity.in the coastal zone.may further be .constrained by the proposed light rail rapid transit line planned for Lake Avenue. Good public transit to the waterfront would bring increasing demand for public access and pressure to fade out industrial uses. implications for Planning and Development The potential for increased port activity and industrial @development within the coastal zone largely revolves around major policy decisions and the need for further studies. In vying for the limited land resources of the zone, port development must.justify its dependence on the water resources and existing railroad infrastruc.- -ture. On the other hand, it must compete with an in- .:creasing demand for greater...public access and aesthetic -.The final recommendations@-of-the Upstate Public Ports Study are likely to have as a profound an impact on the -future of the Rochester port as the final political de- terminations as to control and management of the port facilities. In the absence of both convincing economic justification and clear public policy, planners can only evaluate the various alternatives. _32- The cessation of the Port Authority operations hold some implications which require consideration. The potential effects are summarized as follows: o ----Discontinued dredging or dredging depth reduced to that required for recreational craft (approx- imately 13 feet). 0 'Effects on cement delivery by water and the sub- --sequent increased cost of cement based upon al- -ternative transportation costs. 0 Increased flood levels during high water periods 'with a discontinuation of dredging. effects are tempered-by a preliminary analysis of by the Corps of Engineers (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1975:43) which indicates that economic benefits of cement traffic to the region justify the an- nual dredging costs. If the cost/benefit ratio were to continue as preliminarily indicated, it appears that the .,dredging operation would be maintained. -The alternatives*for' the future of the port and water- ..front range from.a development orientation on one hand -to a conservation approach on the other with several. intermediate stages utilizing-some of both approaches. A "development" orientation would strongly support the maintenance, promotion, improvement and-expansion of all 'port facilities while a "conservation" approach would .-promote the restoration of much of the land to an "open @space" condition and the re-establishment of the natural. vegetation. An intermediate position or "mixed use" ap--:.. proach might suggest compatible combinations of use which could include elements of both strategies. Such a -coordinated proposal would respond to highest and best use of the land in that the strengths of each alterna- tive would be maintained. -33- TT 71= MAP BOURCEi N.Y. 7.5 MIN. PLAN I M ETRIC.@*ioSa Q@ A08i ROCHESTER EAST &WES CA 275 GRF-E MoBe rt ilikew c 'Ci 7: cw()tt Lt. lie LAr rA r _b Cf b -!, RV LIU J, Awl It a, u A, F:,C@i T M ILI rllfl Ra sn*SW M L @fflszy it 39 upr jv_ NIZ F-J C- 8tP,01@013@ROCHESTER EA=T&WV LAND USE ANALYSIS Significance of-the Resource Within the context of the coastal zone.area, land use competition is a complex situation.generated primarily by the interface of land and water which establishes a series of conflicts - natural ecology against human ecology, private ownership and access against public- ....ownership and access, industrial and transporation needs for water against recreational needs.for water -orientation, to name a few. The water's edge has al- ---ways been the earth's most sought-after.,habitat. Some of the relationships of land use competition with the other categorical areas of resource interest in the Rochester Coastal Zone are as follows: Water Quality - What happens on the land generally determines the quality of the adjacent water areas. ..Siltation, erosion and the introduction of pollut- ants from domestic-and industrial sewage are all due to land use - agricultural as well as urban uses. 0 Port Development - The absolute-necessity for access to the water and the key land transportation facil- itie'S makes port development a major land use com- petition factor in the coastal zone. The basic.con' flict is with residential development rather than.. ..@commercial and private recreational - and much of. this stems from the visual aspects. o -Public Access - in the situation where the coastal -area possesses a variety of attributes including desirable residential sites, recreational potential and harbor potential (as most urban coastal zone complexes do) land use competition inevitably gen- erates major problems of public access.. -Key.sites -are pre-empted for private development or for public- -!7development not oriented toward-recreational use by the general public. But because of nearby popula- --tions, the public generally.finds uncontrolled ac- cess - sometimes-in the face of considerable hazard. Public ownership of key parcels with a high property tax value is often resisted by governing bodies. The growth of urban areas has also generated social conflicts in coastal zone areas due to nearby resi- dential area proprietary feelings which generate resistance to the use of public areas by other, segments of the region's population. _35- o Erosion Land use.and development is the primary -cause of erosion. Some land uses are more disrup- @tive than others. Agricultural use of land for ...crops is the most disruptive, due to the continual ly exposed soil. most urban developments will cause temporary erosion problems during construc- .-tion, but these are more easily controlled by _,proper planning. 0 Land is habitat for terrestrial wildlife species. Land-use competition is generally destructive of, natural habitat, although this need not be so. Ap propriate use of open space in the urban context -quality -.-<r-ould restore a much greater diversity and wildlife in the urban area. Some species will remain highly intolerant of man's presence however, and require undisturbed sanctuaries or preserves. -.Wildlife values of urban lands have traditionally been disregarded but these values in association with recreational and educational values are in- creasing items of public concern. 0 Electric Generating'Facilities Technological ad- -vances in power production are removing these from --.--urban coastal land use competition - and they are now of greater concern in the more remote areas of the coastal zone. 0 Legal Controls Local zoning it the basic means of ,-controlling land use competition in the coastal zone. Increasingly, however, the states are executing legal powers to protect so-called "critical areas" ..of 'regional or statewide concern. The new New York State Freshwater Wetlands PreservationAct is an ex-.. -New zoning e nlqpes, lample of such developments. ch such as performance criteria, incentive zoning And the transfer of development rights are providing a variety of approaches to local legal control of land --use competition in the coastal areas. Historic Development use competition has,always been a hallmark of the urban coastal zone, since these lands were generally .,the first occupied by man, dependent as he was on more primitive means of transport and domestic water supply. 'The wildlife food and material resources of the coastal --zone were also a major determinant in settlement, as were the visual aspects and the commonly flat.nature of _36- coastal zone topography. As the agrarian economy of early.settlement gave way to the industrial revolution, ater power and the need for processing water brought ...Industrial development into the coastal zone - particu- larly where harbors existed to provide cheap water transport of raw materials and finished products. Eco- nomic wealth of major industrial leaders often was in- strumental in the setting aside of large coastal areas as was the case with Durand Eastman-Park. In many cases, these were first residential estates.which were .-later deeded to the public. Current energy and transport technologies have tended reduce industrial interest in the coastal areas, -and an affluent society with considerable available -time and income for recreational use:has caused a re- surgence of interest in the urban"coastal,zone as a desirable residential area - generating demands for better public access, improved water quality and visual attractiveness. These also create competition since -residential populations represent commercial market potential - and comflicts often occur due to the nature ..of commercial entertaininent and dining establishments .Which thrive on user populations attracted to water- front recreation areas. @@Current Status o, Existing Land Use Land use competition in the Rochester Coastal Zone is _;4ocussed primarily in the area at the mouth of the Gen- esee River. The coastal zone resources at Durand East- sman Park are effectively removed from land.use competi- tion, except in terms of the public uses of that land. Sections of the park have been pre-empted for the con- of a major regional sewage treatment plant, and other areas have been used for the disposal of or- ganic matter such as leaves and dead trees. The land use complex at the mouth of the Genesee River -is a diverse mixture reflecting the historic influences .---;mentioned-above. Commercial, industrial and port authority development occupy both banks of the river south the Stutson Street. On the west side of the 'river, industrial uses, port authority and railroad tracks and facilities occupy the immediate shoreline -with some service commercial uses - including bars and restaurants primarily serving this complex - mixed in. The major transition.zone between this area and the low- --density residential community of Charlotte to the west -37- is Lake Avenue. Community-oriented commercial retail establishments and public and private institutional -land uses serving the lower area of Charlotte are ..focused around the intersection of Stutson Street :.-and Lake Avenue. This.zone is separated from the residential community closest to the Lake by a recently developed high density townhouse complex. 'The most prominent land use conflicts seem to exist along Lake Avenue north of the townhouses. Here, proximity to Ontario Beach Park has generated com- ---Mercial land uses associatedwithrecreational area populations - bars, restaurants, hot dog stands, and ..--tentertainment uses which obviously impact immediately ....adjacent residential areas. Opposite these is a largely vacant land area under the ownership of the .-@-Rochester-Monroe County Port Authority. Further to the west, but buffered by a city park and -Ontario Beach Park, is a relatively high quality low- .-density residential community focused on Beach -Avenue. The lakefront west of'Ontario Beach Park is -occupied by high value residential properties. On the east side of the river, land uses are pri- marily institutional and commercial. The city boundary lies at an average-depth,of -20,0 feet back-, from the river so many land uses spill over into the Town of Irondequoit. The U.S. Coast Guard Station occupies the strategic northern-most land. For securityreasons, the ..grounds are closed to the public, prohibiting access to the west breakwater. The New York State Naval Militia operates on a very'limited basis, at the. foot of St. Paul Boulevard. Squeezed between these two dominating institutional uses exists a small commercial food concession. A third institute, the private Rochester Yacht Club, occupies the peninsular between the militia and the railroad tracks. -The shoreline from,the railroad south to Stutson Street is all occupied marinas and the Genesee Yacht Club. Access to these activities is poor and un- -attractive. The land, within the Town of Irondequoit behind the marinas, is undeveloped and bears no relationship to existing shoreline uses.. Specific land uses and'their patterns are illustrated in the map, "Existing Land Use and Proposed Zoning." -38- 4 KEY ZONING RI fiNGLE FAMIL'f FE-sux2xnA.T- R2 Twc i-Amoy oe5octbmAL R3 LCW-M::DlU.MC%-:N5I-rY RESIXDV:@@ R5 H*h DERGrry rp-aveNTLA:, C2 CcMMUNITY Cc"?A=LAL C3 C@ENERAL CCMMERCL-1. MI mmumcTuwn - q4VUSTRIAX. as, opr24 sn&zc' olp iv LANO USIS 5UIGLE FAMLLY TWO FAMLY MuLln rANULY (3.). OFnCla INDUSTW-LAL. E= OPMN SPACE uNG PUBLIC LniLrr1y Rl 4r4 R I Ra R5 41" R I 4*.4C@ 'R2 In general, this land use complex -represents a rela- @t-ively saturated situation with little vacant land resource. Land use competition therefore is related -to potential demand for amortizing or changing existing land uses, or demands for increasing the density of existing use. This demand may increase given the decline of the market for sites in more remote areas of the region's., .coastal zone - a factor of distance and increasing energy costs involved in transport-.- Higher density residential development might also be encouraged by the construction of the proposed rapid transit system along Lake Avenue.- If this occurs, concurrent demands would be generated for additional commercial, institutional and recrea- tional space - and accompanying municipal facilities and services. At present, however, the market appears relatively stable. 0 Current Influences on Land Use Development Three official development and land use growth policies are currently proposed for the Rochester coastal zone: (1) t.he.Rochester.new zo-ning ordinance; (2) the Monroe County General Development Plan; and (3) the Genesee/ Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board's Comprehensive Regional Development Plan. New Zoning Ordinance The City of Rochester in .-October 1975 adopted a new zoning ordinance for the city.. The new zoning for the Charlotte neighborhood is illustrated on the map, "Existing Use and Zoning." Essentially the new zoning classifies the land use to its existing use, and as @such takes a conservative approach to development by requiring that new proposals. be "tested" in the rezoning process. -,Monroe County General Development Plan The Monroe County Department of Planning has prepared --a--comprehensive plan for the entire county in accor- dance with Section 706 of Article VII of the Monroe County Charter. The plan (Monroe County Department of Planning, 1975) is in the process of being adopted by the Monroe County legislature. The portion of the plan pertaining to the coastal zone is presented -40- on the accompanying map. intensity urban development permits densities ..exceeding 12 housing units per acre. medium intensity urban development provides for densities of nine.to 12 housing units per acre, while low intensity urban .@deveiopment calls for densities of two to five housing units per acre. The proposed non-urban use areas are designated major resource protection areas. Finally, the plan proposes a growth center for Charlotte as a .,focal point to the general growth along 'the Lake _Avenue rail.transit corridor. -Comprehensive Regional Plan As a policy gi.iide for future growth and development, the Genesee/Finger, Lakes Regional Planning Board Adopted a comprehensive regional plan in June, 1975. (Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board, 1975.) That portion of the plan pertaining to the coastal zone is presented on the accompanying map. Earlier in 1970, the Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board proposed an early action plan for -----the Lake Ontario shoreline as a prelude to its comprehensive plan. This early.action program --plan is also presented on an accompanying map. implications for Planning and Management Available land in the Rochester Coastal Zone is a scarce resource the competition for the remaining vacant land is strong and could be expected to increase needing an equally strong public planning and management approach to control the level of competition below a point where* land use alterations would occur. Public owner- -ship is obviously the strongest method of controlling the use of vacant parcels, but this also deprives the community of a property tax base. The decline of the Port Authority, and possible termination of the facil- ity presents the largest opportunity for change in the ----.,.coastal zone land use competition picture. [email protected] Eastman Park is a major land use resource which should be retained and expanded under county jursidic- tion - largely because it does serve the population of -the entire county, is completely cut off from the city proper, and the county has a broader resource base to provide improvements. The land area at the mouth of the Genesee River, while largely developed, may be subjected to more intense land use competition in the future, particularly if ad- ditional high density residential development occurs and ..public recreational uses of land are expanded. The lat- ter would increase demand for related commercial de- -velopment at the lower end of Lake Avenue creating fur- ther conflicts with adjacent residential communities. Consider'ation should be given to utilization of the _existing Port Authority property as a joint public- private multiple use development as a planned unit con- taining public access to the waterfront, additional ....marina facilities, residential and related commercial '-uses within the area. The entire land area of this section, as defined for the study area, but including the area west of Lake Avenue to the City line.and south-to Stutson Street should be defined as a special district, and careful -monitoring performed on all proposed developments, including zoning"changes,.in the area. T. MAP SOURCE& N.Y. 7.8 MIN. PLANIMETRIC7,1988 cat)OPSj ROCHESTER IEAST &WES V mowlzo tr '16. OE@WE 174 mo Be tv irindsor1leach -rrA 7 CL F .4i U, 0"I Al JJ L Z-147)@ L,., AL !nA E:.rs T 11 370 DID, f IF1 I TAI 1, it Tr ur rl, TEE -.JC r 00()t,Z I L LIyaI0-)SA9O A.LIN O3JLVt:1OCfU=N1 SNVIdD:)3 unw"Ot)=00. g-1c, vw3a M.LSBHMO 31VOS :AD 0-3UVa3tOd catswumeld `ACM.LS LWOUM:-2-M1WNNfLpj -woo ua.LsaHmoti sm-munosam aimlmz.nvi r A;: 0 Ale c CH, ]Ll- jj LO LU 04 m CL F cn u ------- ------ -m-=, 14 .77 IL -T7 ua 4L; N MA-i < A r 4i Q@u L j U 7., X 0 aA N. TfF if U, Of, 'wt it Yt ki Yt -1 ii 7- .......... Poll 11 J1 ff A\ sit Jill lit.L 7- @-Z= at tj 11 11 11 HI rL-1 r, t: UUUUL- U) 11 11 IF IT A AL J L MAP BOURCEI N.Y. 7.13 MIN. PLANIMETRIC.11368 OLLcog, ROCHESTER EAST &WES T-1 t @V Viodsorl3earh "F A teCity _4 -bl b d .'., I- I -11 11-1 LJ1'4 44- j pro @h LALJLLJ]tL-i k- DLJU 7 jbro" -ql 110 4, -U. L1 *DAD 382 sch 370 0 Ll D@4 ou fit A47i L WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS Significance of the Resource Water is the prime resource which defines the coastal zone. Water is also one of the most essential com- ponents of the ecosystem, transporting and supplying ..plants and animals with life supporting nutrients. -Healthy and diverse biotic environments are dependent upon good quality water. In addition to its essential xole in sustaining biological life water serves as hab- itat for aquatic and amphibian species of animal life. Water in quantity is also essential for the sustenance -of submerged and emergent aquatic plant communities. Water plays ;@@ significant role in retaining optimum soil textures, assists in the conversion and exchange (recycling) of chemical elements, and moderates climate conditions. As an element of sight and sound, water contributes and aesthetic quality to the coastal zone. More -importantly the interface of land and water has long been a recreational and leisure habitat for man, ' pro- viding swimming, boating and fishing opportunities. Historic Development The Genesee River flows approximately 157 miles f rom northern Pennsylvania north to Lake Ontario. The river drains nearly 2,500 square mile-s of land (see Genesee River Basin Comprehensive Study, 1964). Water qual- ity problems in the Genesee River basin have been largely concentrated in the lower portion of the Genesee River, as the river accumulates and transports both point and non-point sources of pollution to the river's mouth at Lake Ontario. The general urban and industrial growth combined with universal environmental neglect in the prosperous years following World War II caused significant water quality @impairment in the lower Genesee River. The coastal zone was so severely impacted by these water pollutants -that by the mid 1960's the New York State Department of --Health was forced to close the beaches to swimminq. In spite of vast efforts to improve the water quality, the beaches still remain officially closed. There is some historical evidence that water pollution is not solely a recent development. The late 19th -46-. century industrialization, together with the absence of modern sanitary engineering technology, must surely -have presented health problems for the coastal and river- -waters. As far back as 1932, prolific growths of the I-...algae, cladophora, have been reported on the.beaches, caused by the oVerenrichments of nutrients (Neil and Owen, 1969). However, the long-term recreational popu- larity of the coastal tone is evident in the extensive .,,commitment of facilities made over the years to Durand Eastman Park and Ontario Beach. With the advance of scientific monitoring and measuring technology and a greater understanding and concern for ecosystem,9tructure and functioning, water quality has risen as a prominent issue in management of coastal one resources. 'Current Status and Condition 0 Recreational Concerns The environmental concern for improved water qual- ity led to' the development of a Monroe County Pure -Waters Master Plan in 1971. Massive amounts of Iocal, state, and federal funds have been spent --over the last four years to implement the plan. Efforts have largely been directed at consoli- -,dating and improving municipal sanitary waste dis- char@ges. Thirty-four small and inadequate municipal primary treatment plants have had their effluent diverted to a new infrastructure series of inter- ceptors feeding into the following four expanded secondary treatment facilities: Gates-Chili-Ogden Plant Van Lare Plant (Durand Eastman Park) ..N.W. Quadrant Plant Webster Plant The latter three facilities are located on Lake On- tario and will soon have in operation newly con- structed outfalls that will discharge.treated wastes --outside the Rochester embayment area. -Because the two basic concerns for recreational use ..of coastal zone are aesthetics and sanitary quality .-improvements in these factors generated by these .Pure Water.efforts can be expected to appear begin- ning in the summer of 1976 in the river and 1977 for the embayment area.(Steinfeldt, 1975). @The critical question, of course, is when can the -47- beaches in the coastal zone be legally reopened for -swimming. Because of a number of complex factors it is currently difficult to predict with any cer- .-.-.tainty a definitive date. Issuance of a permit for swimming by the State Health Department.is dependent upon a constant Ievel of water quality. The New York State water ..quality standards for bathing beach waters (Class "B") are as follows (New York State Environmental ---,.Conservation Law, 1975). CLASS "B" ---Best Vsaflc of tvatrn;. Primary contact recreation and any other uses except as -a source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes. Quality Standards for Class "B" Waters Items Specifications L Coliform, The monthly median coliform. value for one hundred mi of samplo. shall not exceed two thousand four hundred from a. mint- inum of five exam inations and provided that not more than twenty piercem of the samples shall exceed a coliform value of five thousand for one hundred ml of sample and the monthly geometric mean fecal coliform, value for one hundred ml of sample shall'iiot exceed two hundred (200) from a-minimum of five examinations. This standard shall be met during all when disinfection is practiced. 2. pH Shall be between 6.5 and 8.5. 3. Total Dissolved Solids None at concentrations which will be det- runental to the growth and propagation of aquatic life. Waters having present levels less than 500 milligrams per Uter shall be kept below this limit. 4.. Dissolved Oxygen -@;_For cold'-waters suitable. for trout spawn- Ang, the DO concentration shall not be less than 7.0 mg11 from other than natural -conditions. For trout waters, the mini- -mum daily average shall not be less than 6.0 mg/1. At-no time shall the DO con- centration be less than 5.0 mg/1. For non- %trout waters, the minimum daily 'average -shall not be less than 5.0 mg1i. At no time shall the DO concentration be less than. 4.0 mg/1. Lake Ontario is classified Class "A" Special Waters, (International Boundary Waters). The Genesee River is currently classified Class "SB". _48- Certain biological parameters are-beginning to show signs of meeting the requirements but most likely all the requirements will not be met with consistency for-several more years. The New York State Department of Environmental Con- servation maintains a permanent water quality sur- veillance station on the Genesee River, two miles south of the Stutson Street Bridge (Station Number 09 0001 SW,WQS). Complete records from this station, kept since 1966, are available from the monitoring and Surveillance Office, Division of Pure Waters, New York State Department of Environmental Conserva- tion, Albany, New-York. Various periodic water samplings have been conducted-by.the State Depart- ment of Health, Monroe County Department of Health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Monroe County Department of Health has coordinated the establishment of a model for the lower Genesee River to estimate key water quality indicators.. This model will provide base line inf ormation that.will aid in the determination of when the beaches can safely be"reopened. There has been a noticeable d-ecrease in the presence of cladophora, a form of filament green algae, along the,shores of Lake Ontario ov-er-the past few years. Cladophora growth begins in the early spring and multiplies,prolifically through the early summer in- nutrient-rich waters. Strands of cladophora drift up onto the shore, decompose and cause strong odors and unsightly conditions at bathing areas.' These algae also provide habitat.fox colonies of coliform? suspended solids and lake litter, hazardous to.. swimmers. The continual presence of.cladophora.and high coli- form counts in the coastal zone are indicators of over-enriched waters. The over-nutrification of Lake Ontario in the Rochester embayment area is now primarily caused by the high concentrations of nu- -trients entering from the Genesee River. These high concentrations have been attributed to the following (O'Brien and Gere, Inc., 1975): major sources 0 Rocfiester's combined sewer overflow 0 Dredging.operations in the lower Genesee River 0 Agricultural non-point source contributions An overflow abatement study program is currently reviewing emergency solutions and economically feasible-methods of solving the problems. Upon completion and implementation of the program in the early 1980's additional biological water quality improvements should be realized. The commercial harbor of the lower Genesee River is annually dredged of sediment deposits to a depth of 23 feet. Dredging causes turbidity and re-suspends sediments laden with bacteria, metals and other toxic substances. Upon the recommendations of the County and State-Flealth Departments dredging activ- ity, starting in' 1975, will comme'nce in the fall rather than in the summer to avoid conflict with recreational activities. In the future if Rochester should abandon its commercial port operations dredging activity may be significantly reduced. Dredging sediments are now deposited in open lake dumping one and one-half miles N600 from the River's west pierhead light. Because the EPA has ruled that these sediments are polluted and unacceptable for open lake disposal, the Corps of Engineers is in- vestigating alternative means of disposal. One alternative involves using diked.disposal areas the Corps of Engineers are currently preparing an environmental impact statement for.one such facility off Drand Eastman shoreline. Another alternative involves continued open lake dumping, but beyond the embayment area so that pollutants are not carried shoreward by lake currents. Non-point sources of nutrient-pollution are no doubt the most difficult to control. In general these nutrients originate from agricultural fields far upstream in the Genesee River basin. It has been estimated that at least 77% of the river sus- pended solids originate from non-point sources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently conducting a detailed study for the International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes which will assess nutrient transport problems in the Genesee River Basin. 0 Biotic Concerns Biologically healthy waters contain a myriad of living organisms, ranging from one cell life forms to more complex forms of fish. Clean water can _50- support a diversity of plant and animal life through the presence of a well structured food chain. Water pollution in the l6wer Genesee River has created disruptions in the vital aquatic food web. Recent data indicate a significant low diversity of pollutant- tolerant benthic organisms in the lower river, indi- cating artificial eutrophication, or poor water quality (O'Brien and Gere, 1975).. Industrial pollution discharging from such sources as Kodak Park Treatment Plant are still-contributing significant carbonaceous and nitrogeneous ultimate oxygen demand loads to the lowerriver. Heavy me-17.als and other toxic substances such as PCB's are still found in dangerously high concentrations in Lake Ontario. -Two electric generating facilities, the Russell Station in Greece and the BeeBee Station in down- town Rochester, each release thermal discharges up to 170 million gallons per day into Lake Ontario and Genesee River. These discharges create '-her- mal plumes which dissipate their heat through either dilution with cooler waters or evaporation. Of the seventeen water cooled power facilities operating on Lake-Ontario in 1974 the Russel-l-Station has the lowest BTU output per hour. Extensive but largely inconclusive studies have attempted to assess the thermal impact on water quality. Thermal additions ate generally believed to he beneficial to the major larger fish species, and to forage fish and organisms which occupy the near shore area, On the other hand there is some evidence of loss of dissolved oxygen during the plume's cooling process., Conclusive evi- dence on the impacts generated by thermal plumes must await further study. Over in Durand Eastman Park there is some indication of artificial eutrophication on the ponds contri- buted by nutrient laden sediments carried in tribu ta"ries from suburban development south of the park. The problem is not viewed as a constraint to present park utilization activities. A program for inven- torying and surveilling the water quality of these ponds should be initiated. The streams feeding the ponds are all classified "C-T" or above by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and protected by the Stream Corridor Protection Program. 0 Other Concerns For other resource uses such as commercial shipping or recreational boating, water quality becomes less of a.critical factor. While it is true that main- tenance costs on.floating crafts are increased with long term*exposure to polluted water, the activity in itself does not demand pure water. The Genesee River has experienced a general decline in commercial activity, thus reducing the likeli- hood of major oil spills or blatant dumping of marine sanitary waste holding tanks. :While commercial shipping has decreased, recrea- tional traffic has increased with marine development. Oil and gasoline discharges and illegal dumping of marine holding tanks are a potential water quality impairment problem affecting marine life and nearby swimming areas. Implications for Planning and Development The high level of energy expertise and financial re- sources committed over the past five years, mainly through the Pure Waters Program should soon begin to realize new potential for the- Ro@clfeste@r-CaFast'al Zone. The level of effort should be significant enough to per- mit the eventual reopening of Ontario Beach and the Durand Eastman Beach for swimming. It may-even be possible to reopen these beaches with conditional per- mits as early as 1977. With the improved water quality in the coming years the urban.coastal zone can be an attr-a-c-tive -recreational area, affording opportunity for swimming, boating, fish- ing and passive aesthetic refreshment. The degree to which this recreational opportunity will be realized is dependent, of course, upon other factors.such as port development and land use changes within the coastal zone. The above analysis of water resources in the coastal zone reveals that although the urban river and coastal area has been subject to great abuse and degradation, it has strong potential as a recreational and viable eco- logical resource. _52- Concerted efforts to clean the waters must not be re- laxed. In fact, more comprehensive and interdisciplin- ary planning (such as the Federal 208 Program) for. water'resources is required. -53- .40 NIS it Vol PI W,4 dz'" ('r 7, @o tv, a q/ Ul DODO[ 13 'SE Zml .1, @ wac fa IT go fit m gsd-vnr) 898t, '::)It:A.La LAI INW-ld TAW 9 dL SLHDIB-- PUBLIC ACCESS AND RECREATION ANALYSIS Significance of the Resource The broad definition of Public Access as used herein refers t* o an interdependent system of land ownership, vehicular access, pedestrian use,- v.isual.,experiences and'recreational use, potential or existing. The basic access system is a primary means of linkage, between existing population centers-and a resource, whether at a macro or micro scalei- At the macro scale, changes in population centers, transportation system policies (p:ublic transport vs. private vehicle) and competitive (user oriented).facil- ities could create an impact on the broad system of public access. The changes occurring along the linkage corridors become a vital transition opportunity for the user. The aesthetic qualities and- order of linkage is critical. At the micro-scale, variations in land use, vehicle parking areas, quality and maintenance of public facil- ities (as complex as water quality improvement programs or as simpl,.@ as the park maintenance-program).-to name a few, will affect the usability of the basic system. In many situations, the lack of rubl.ic- -aLcc-ess creates an incomplete or ill-defined system..-- A proper system of public access could be likened to- -.the-nervous system of the human - a complex branching patte-rn.,which responds to natural potential of the environs., Historic Development In general, the development of major accessways in this area are the obvious produc-t of linking the user with the resource. Like most road systems, the boundaries between residence and resource area have become nearly indistinguishable. Minor pedestrian systems are not developed in the area except for one lake side walk system along Beach Road running from Clements Street to Cloverdale Street - an absolutely beautiful system. Numerous minor unofficial systems have been defined by uncontrolled use. However these systems are neither complete nor beautiful as a rule. ..Perhaps the most obvious influence on access was the unique foresight of three distinct groups of citizens _55- in the 1880's in establishing parks in Rochester the @resource most affecting access decisions. These early' people and their effectiveness, as well as that of their decendants, is attested to by the fine Durand Eastman Park and the potentially significant Ontario Beach. Current Status and Condition .0 Land Ownership Public access is foremost dependent upon the land ownership base. The land ownership patterms for the coastal zone,are presented on the two accompany- ing maps. Numbers for each parcel refer to a master list found in the appendix of this report, describing specific owners and assessed values. Public ownership per se does not guarantee public access but does indicate potential for it. Map Public Parcels-River Mouth Parcel No. Owner Access Status 31 City of Rochester None-Old Firehouse 33- City of Rochester-' Parking & Commercial Space 38 U.S. Government Vacant Land-Good Opportunity 40 U.S. Government Abandoned End of Lighthouse St.- Good opportunity 41 [email protected]. Government Lighthouse & Surround- ings Underutilized land Good Oppor- tunity 56 U.S. Government Coast Guard Auxiliary Unit; No Access 62a City of Rochester Vacant Land; Good Access 62b City of Rochester Sewage Pumping Station; No Access 63a City of Rochester Port Authority Land-, No Access 63b City of Rochester Parking Lot for Ontario Beach Park and Water Skating Rink; Good Access -56- Ap A I e ti ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STUDY OWNERSHiP AND PUBLIC LAND PkLPAPLO,0R PREPARED OV: SCALE crry OF ROCHESTER ECOPLANS INCORPORATED DL@ARItAENI OCCOmmuNlry DCVCLOPMENT SAMAIDGA GPPINGS. NEW YORK 10C3013 1:2400 A ML MIULR OF T"E GARATC30A ASCOCIATIES z r Z c: z 7u 5 --o rz) ell 8 ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE. RESOURCES'- MANAGEMENT STUDY DURAND - EASTMAN OWNERSHIP AND PUBLIC LAND PPCPARED FOR' PpepAnEo sy: Cl T Y OF ROCHESTER ECOPLANS INCORPORATEO SCALE OCPAMTMCNT 09 COMMUlIJ17V OEVCLOPMENT SARATOGA SPRINGS. NEW YORK 10BOft 112400 AM MBER OF THE SARATOGA A8840CIATEG Map Public Parcels-River Mouth Parcel No. Owner Access Status 63c City of Rochester Port Authority Land; No Access 66 67 City of Rochester Ontario Beach Park; Excellent Access. 105, 118, City of Rochester Public-Way; Potential 125, 132, for Greater Use 176, 180, 190 196 U.S. Government West Breakwater; Good Access; East Break- water & Coast Guard -Station, No Access 198 City of Rochester Municipal Pier; Poor Access 199 City of Rochester Leased to N.Y.S. Naval Militia Armory; No Access 200 State of New York No Access @201 Monroe County St. Paul Boulevard and Vacant Land; Good Access 202 Town of Irondequoit Vacant Land; Access Available 210 City of Rochester 501 Way for Sewer Line; A ccess Available. Map Public Parcels-@-Durand Eastman Parcel No.' Owner Access Status City of Rochester Shoreline; Good Access 15 & 16 City of Rochester Shoreline; Good Access 22, 23, City of Rochester Shoreline; Good Access 24, 25 @26 City of Rochester Durand Eastman Park; Excellent Access Except Sewage Treat- ment Facilities In general, private property owners on the shoreline. have title to the high water mark on the beach. The State of New York owns the lake bottom starting at the high water mark. Land under the Genesee River is held by.the City of Rochester. There is no evidence of the existence of any public right-of-way easement across private land within the coastal zone. -59- 0 Recreational Facilities The study area's two major nodes of recreational activity are Durand Eastman Park and Ontario Beach Park. These attractive facilities each draw users from outside the local geographic area. The County is now operating these parks an a revised contract (signed in July 1975), establishing a 99-year lease. Durand Eastman Park Durand Eastman Park is a beautiful rural setting park. Visitors are'pri- -its 18-hole golf marily attracted to the park by course and picnicking opportunities. The park is equally renowned for its horticultural collection which attracts many visitors throughout the year. Among this collection are 209!species and varieties of conifers; 63 species of Japanese cherries; 30 species and varieties of pluins and apricots; 61 species and varieties of crabapples; and 22 species and varieties of poplars. In recent years Monroe County has acquired 398 acres contiguous to the original southern boundary, bringing, the total park acreage to 942. Athietic fields and intensive winter sports facilities are scheduled for development on these newly-acquired lands. The two large ponds (Durand Lake and Eastman Lake) --poW - are approxi- offer serene settings. These ds mately twelve feet deep and were created when Lake Shore Boulevard and the Hojack-Railrbad Line were constructed. Fi'shing, swimmirig-'and boating are, 'prohibited in.these,ponds mainly be-cause of poten- tial control problems. The topography of'the park in the vicinity of its waterfront area presents some--dkff-iicu1-t access prob- lems. The thirty foot bluff is breached with an underpass at only one point. -The beach front itself is narrow, ranging from-6 to 30 feet wide. Lake levels in 1972 and 1973 were high, preventing trespass along most of the beach., 'Lake Shore Boulevard parallels the waterfront, but with its heavy traffic also separates the main rec reational activity areas of the park from the beach area.' There are no designated pedestrian crossways _60- along Lake Shore Boulevard. In addition, vehicular traffic from Lake Shore Boulevard entrance and egress from the park is possible through six dif- ferent park roads along Lake Shore Boulevard, cre ating control and security problems. Ontario Beach Park - Ontario Beach Park is a'35 acre urban waterfront park. Its wide sandy beach .has a capacity of 25,000 uset-s per day. While swimming has legally-been prohibited since 1968 be- cause of poor water quality unauthorized bathing does occur; in fact the lifeguards-in'1975 esti- mated that 352,230 persons used the beach during the season. Monroe County has prepared ca7gital improvement plans for lighting, facility restoration and recreation improvements at the park totaling $375,000. These improvements are scheduled for 1977 and 1981 accord- ing to the Monroe County Six-Year Capital Improvement Plan. The park iised to be the terminus of a trolley line originating from downtown Rochester'. Now RTS transit buses provide the same service. A light rail rapid transit line has been proposed to run IL -ke Avenue to, the from downtown Rochester alorfgt a Park. AD 0 The Vehicular Linkages The Ontario State Parkway connects areas to and from the west and.is the most highly developed linkage in the immediate area. Its proper"parkway" image is years from significant vi.sual impact. Lake Avenue, a main linkage from the city center, is al- most totally the opposite. From the Eastman Kodak facilities out to Riverside Cemetery the visual ex- perience is.rich and parklike. From there to Char- lotte High School the addition of trees and some minor sign clean-.up would complete the visual image adequate to the needed experience. The next few blocks north to the Ontario Parkway are reasonably nice. From there north to the beach-the strip development is gaudy and unresponsive to a proper aesthetic experience. The vehicle depositories, parking lots and public transit stops, are likewise' of poor visual quality. Beach Road west from On- tario Beach Park is extremely pleasant and low keyed in scale and aesthetic appeal. Traveling east along Stutson Street and Lakeshore Boulevard to -61- and past Durand Eastman Park is-generally pleasant. A few areas could be improved with sign control and tree planting programs. 0 The Pedestrian Linkage As previously mentioned, the city-owned walk system between the lake shore and the residences on Beach Road is quite stunning and obviously:.the pedestrian area of the highest quality in the entire study area. The quality of the "unofficial" systems is based on the lake shoreresource and-a desire to get to it for viewing, walking, swimming and so forth. Many interruptions of the potential pedestrian links exist both along the Ontario shoreline and the Genesee River which [email protected]_ization of the basic resource. The normal visual experience is good when related to the ba-sic resource but poor when defined in the actual design of the haphazard linkage system. Im2lications for Planning and Development The vehicular access system appears to be quite adequate bar a few aesthetic upgradings. The pedestrian linkage system requires a great deal o-f cons�d.eratio.n_ both- in program, design and implementation po--licies. It is ob- vious that an ideal system is nearly in place and a very effective system could be achieved with relatively mini- mum legal and financial implications. The quality.of the basic resource, river or shore, i-s-beyond question. The shoreline resource potential is be-st defined as a rela- tively simple linear system of maj-or-and minor nodes. Maintenance and upgrading of the public parks is required. A definition of the pedestrian-bidycle 1-inkage system is a more involved task. Certain physical feasibility ques- tions exist as well as the legal-me-thod-s-uf implementa- tion. However, the overall impression at this stage points to several feasible alternatives given perser- verance.with the nitty-gritty legal and policy questions. The Genesee River potential is an outstanding resource but complex. First, it is apparent that a detailed plan for the area is required. Many questions and policies will require illucidation, e.g., land poacher status, lighthouse "no trespass" status, the future of major land use decisions (railroad and so forth) among others. Obvious opportunities exist for recre@ttion, walkways, vehicle depositories, marinas, boutique retail sales, restaurants and the like. The value and complexity of _62- this system cannot be treated lightly and should be subject to considerable in-depth study. A technical report on the potential for expanded and additional recreational facilities within the coastal zone is included in the appendix of this report. _63- MAP SOURCEs N.Y. 7.5 MIN. PLANIMEYRIC,.1968 QUACISI ROCHESTER EAST &WES . . . . . . . .w6aaL tnkajr ekiauf" Mv 1@76M&M@ %Va& %J&4ftd&hj zi da. au"e;k "AID Dn"@ 10 g e 275 290 RE G nc4 tomm- Led& 4ninm wto po it Chaxiotte 7\)i LAMA -4 'Ib' b 'U-b 00 Rea- 30LJULJLJ 1. 21 "a 3V L14. A 5'. dtga-- mul A 37Q- J ttecAll, _71 F'A Tm it f[* 746-1 )@ d; c Hou M "I LA&111 1116 @j JCZZ7 lb Gn 4 61 00 0 (b t E, ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STUDY VISUAL ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC ACCESS PREPARED EBY: cl ly POC ESTER ECOPLANS lpir-ORP(DRATED SCALt= OF= H 1,.2400 IlL"l.T"LNr or CO"r UNITY CEVFLOPMENT SA..T0C.A SPRINGS. NEW YORK 10506 A ML MOCR 09 t@ THE GARAYCIGA ASSECIA Eg &ace a"v ram?s) @4,vh@9 Places _C=ellent View 4b 4t) --c-LA OLIZAi as a dornm,-rr-.L? bika Lrail 00 4t CD 4F& @rollmbbt Oo Lve vlsvv IrLe a -4 MnA welL, e4 102rlk - cx @Anarl-gj . . ..... . .... LEGAL CONTROLS ANALYSIS .,Significance' Legal controls are not a resource, per sel but tools which can be used for the management of-coastal zone resources - including the planning development, and regulatory and enforcement activities associated with management. Most legal controls are applicable to more than one functional resource area of-concern. Therefore, these relationships are best described in terms of the jurisdictional responsibilities for-the application of various legal controls, as described on the attached chart, and as follows,: o Local Government Legal Controls (City and Town) Zoning-has particular application to resource con- cerns dealing with land use competition and public. access. Indirectly, zoning controls can also af fect water'quality and erosion (or soil resource) concerns. Subdivision regulations have particular application to public access, erosion-contr&f and water quality. Official map powers have-specific,application to public access concerns.. The recently enacted NYS Freshwater@Wetlands Preser- vation Act will provide local-governments with more etteFt-ive controls on the preservation of these features which are so essential-to-fish and wildlife resources. Article 12F of the General Municipal Laws provides for the establishment of local conservation advisory commissions., and specifically empowers localities to prepare inventories of open space resources. This act also provides for the establishment of conserva- tion boards, subsequent to the preparation of an open space inventory, which can be empowered to re- view and comment on development proposals affecting such open space resources. This law obviously has application to public access, erosion control, fish and wildlife, and water quality concerns in the coastal zone. -67- JURISDICTIONAL LEGAL CONTROLS RELATING TO COASTAL ZONE A-95 - Inter-government Coordination Act of 1968 (82 Stat 1092) CITY/TOWN COUNTY STATE FEDERAL* LAND USE Zoning (Gen. City Sec. 239M SEQR NEPA PL-91-190 COMPETITION Law Art 2A & 3); Zoning Review; Town Law (Art 16); Dev Review Comm. LEQR; Subdiv Review; Article 12F. Article 12F. PORT DEVELOPMENT Zoning; LEQR; Pub Auth Law; River & Harbor Act LEQR. Dev Review Comm. Stream Prot Act 30 Stat 1151, 1152, Subdiv Review; (ECL 15-0505); 1153; Marine Sanitation NEPA PL-91-190. Devices Law; ECL Art 17 Title 13; Nav Law Sect 33-C; SEQR PUBLIC ACCESS Zoning; Sect 239M SEQR NEPA PL-91-190 LEQR: LEQR; GML Article 12F; Article 12F; Subdiv Reg's; Dev Review Comm. Official Map. Subdiv Review. EROSION CONTROL Zoning; LEQR; SEQR NEPA PL-91-190; Subdiv Reg's; Article 12F; PL-93-251 Flood Article 12F; Dev Review Comm. Control. LEQR. Subdiv Review. FISH & WILDLIFE Article 12F; LEQR; SEQR; NEPA PL-91-190 LEQR; Article 12F; Freshwtr Wetlands PL-93-339 Fish Cons Freshwtr Wetlands Freshwtr Wetlands (ECL Article 24); PL-93-300 Mig Bird Preservation Act. Tidal Wetlands Act PL-93-205 Endangered (ECL Article 25) Species Act ELECTRIC GEN. None None Public Service NEPA PL-91-190 FACILITIES Law Art VII,VIII WATER QUALITY Zoning; LEQR; SEQR; NEPA PL-91-190; Subdiv Reg's; Article 12F; Marine Sanitary Fed Wtr PollControl Article 12F; Freshwtr Wetlnds; Devices Law; Act PL-72-5000 Freshwtr Wetlnds; Dev Review Comm. Stream Prot Act; River & Harbor Act LEQR. Subdiv Review; Freshwtr Wetlnds; County Pure Protection of Waters and County Waters Act. Health Department. *US-Canada boundary at the center of Lake Ontario; thus no "international waters" exist for Rochester Coastal Zone. 0 Local Government Legal Controls (County) In New York State, counties have few legal powers for control of coastal zone resource quality, but the following are applicable and need to be con- sidered in coastal zone management legal control strategies. Zoning review powers are exercised by the county under Section 239 of Article 12-B of the General Municipal Laws. Under these provisions, counties may review and comment on local zoning decisions affecting certain county and:---state facilities. These legal powers have particular application to the control of land use competition and public ac- cess. Counties may also establish County-wide Environ- mental Management Commissions-to prepare open space inventories and review and comment on development proposals affecting open space@ land resources. These powers have particular application to matters of land use competition, public access, er S4 on con- 0 trol, the preservation of fish and wildlife and the protection of water quality. In lieu of city, town or vi1l'a�-e. adoption of:-local perogatives to implement the Freshwater Wetlands Law,,,(Article 24 of the Environmental-Conservation Law),,a county may enact legislation-to implement the law. Counties will also be required to establish Environ- mental Quality Review procedures under the newly enacted State Environmental Quality-Review Law. 0 State Government Legal Controls The most comprehensive legal control system now available for application to the coastal zone area exists at the state government level. Specific legal controls include: State Environmental Quality Review Law which will require any agency of the St@te to provide and en- vironmental impact assessment of any significant action affecting the environment. This will include direct developmental actions by the state, as well as the granting of required permits to applicants -69- (private persons including developers) who propose certain developmental actions. SEQR will apply to each of the categorical areas of concern, except that agencies such as the Public Service Commission can incorporate the SEQR rules and regulations within existing environmental impact assessment procedures such as Article VII and Article VIII of the Public Service Law regulating,the-developmental activities of electric generating utilities. The state provides certain specific legal controls over.port development under-the Public Authorities Law, the Stream Protection Act7(Environmental Con- servation Law 15--0505) Marine.Sanitation Devices tion T Law (Environm 'ental Conserva Jaw, Article 17, YI`Tle 13) and the Navigati6n;-Law;(Section 33-C). @State laws specifically pertaining to fish and wild- life resource conservation include th e Freshwater Wetlands Law (Environmental Conservation Law, Ar- ticle 24) and the Tidal Wetlands Act (Environmental Conservation Law, Article 25). Most of the above legal controls, plus the Protec- tion of Waters Acti also have.application to the protection of coastal zone water quality. .0 Federal Government Legal Controls The federal government also provides-a number of legal controls over the management--of--the coastal zone area, including the-Coastal-Zone-Management Act, under which this study is-.being.-provided. Section 307 of the Coastal Zone Management Act Provides that the activities@offederal agencies in the coastal zone area shall be consistent with the state's approved coastal-zone management plan. The River and Harbor Act of 1899-.(30 Stat. 1151, ..1152, 1153) is the basic authorization under which the U.S. Corps of Engineers provides for the estab- lishment, construction, alteration and maintenance of harbors and navigable rivers. 'The Federal Flood Control Act (PL93-251), The Fish Conservation Act (PL93-339), The bliqratory-Bird Convention__(PL9@-300), the Endangered Species Act _70- (PL93-205), the Estuarine Sanctuaries Act (PL93-583) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act .(PL72-5001),are other basic federal legal controls applicable to the coastal zone management. Pending -,.federal legislation, such as the Toxic Substances Control Act, will provide additional legal instru- -ments. The National Environmental Policy Act (PL91-190) is a mjaor legal control which@requires the environ- mental impact assessment of federal projectslor federally assisted projects significantly affecting the quality of the en,vironment,.and can be broadly. applied to several areas of concern in coastal zone management. One other federal legal control deserving mention is- provided through the Intergovernmental Coordination Act of 1968 (82 Stat 1092) which is implemented through so-called A-95 process which requires statewide and regional clearinghouse and review of a vast number of federally-assisted projects and programs.. Historic Development Legal controls over developmental actions are based, of course,-in the need to-insure that the exercise of indi- vidual rights also results in an-.environment that at- tends to the common good of the community as a whole. As the urban community of man has become more complex physically, socially and technologically, there has been a corresponding increase in the number and complexity of legal controls. Within the context of the Rochester-Coastal Zone, for example, the earliest legal controls applied were the provisions of the Rochester Zoning'Ordinance. Roches- ter's existing zoning ordinance, like many city zoning ordinances, came largely after the fact of development and has been exercised primarily to stabilize existing land use patterns-and guide change as already developed areas became subject to age, obsolescence and new eco- nomic potentials. In recent years, the rate of change has increased in concert with the general increase in economic, technological and social change. The existing zoning ordinance in many ways presented a positive attitude -71- toward change, which is reflected in the extent of @over-zoning of certain area!3. Raw change, however, is -.-no longer viewed as a -.necessary.element of progress, .,and new concerns relating to-the-quality of change -.:..,have arisen. -Vhe proposed new-Rochester Zoning Ordi- _--nance reflects this trend both in its effort to down- -zone stable areas of development and institute new pro- _@*redures to guide site planning and design review of .:proposed developements. trends in zoning-which,relate to this concern the quality of change include the development of ;zoning codes based on performance..standards, incentive., _.:zoning and the transfer of development rights. second major evolution in.legal controls is the in-. volvement and coordination of the various governmental --jurisdictions with specific concerns in critical-re- areas such as the coastal zone. The expansion of urban growth in@metropolitan areas has generated the '.-need for area-wide agency-consideration of the activi- --ties of local municipalities. -Although county govern- .,,ments are relatively weak in New York State, counties .-have been given the.powers to review and comment.on.the.- of local municipalities-where they affect:' -adjacent jurisdictions or facilities provided by'the' ..County and state government. County controls on de- u -velopment are also exerci-sed,-by,co nty health depart ments which have become a major means of implementing .----.state standards for air and-water quality improvement. '@Monroe County's activities inplanning, developing and @,[email protected] the area-wide parkand recreation system -,Ancluding major facilities owned by the City - such as Ontario Beach Park and Durand.Eastman Park is another ,area of county legal-control.of certain coastal zone resources. New York State for many years has exercised cer- @tain.legal controls in key-public health areas of en- :vironmental concern, the evolution of State legal con- .-trols is increasingly concerned with .1) areas of crit- Acal-state or regional concern - -such as the freshwater and 2) broad environmental assessment of_i..@-. ;.,.@-major development -projects. minimum standards, for maintaining the environmen- tal quality of resources that are common to all people particularly air and water - are largely set by federal government legislation. The federal government legislation has also moved strongly.in terms of setting -72- basic systems for intergovernmental coordination, stim- ulating area-wide planning, and providing for inter- disciplinary planning and management of areas such as. the coastal zone. Current'Status In th6 context of the Rochester Coastal Zone, the .status of current legal controls. is as follows: and Surrounding Communities The City of Rochester has adopted a new zoning --ordinance. Although this ordinance does not specifically reflect the special concerns of the Coastal Zohe, its definitions lincluding-statement of "purpose") and procedural requirements (e.g., special permit uses, planned development) could be effectively applied to development in accordance with coastal zone objectives. As is the case with most zoning ordinances, there is a need for specific rezoning guidelines to assist the legislature in review of proposed map amendments, es- o-pecially where commercial and industrial districts may. _,abut residential and other low density areas. also established an--environmental advisory council which is empowered to review development plant a.s to their impact on the environment and provide ad- visory comments to, the City government regarding such .-matters. Coastal Zone issues and problems-are not limited by -jurisdictional.boundaries; the development.of areas adjacent to the.coastal zone often directly impacts the coastal zone. ..The Town of-Irondequoit is mostly -developed already, but does have a zoning ordinance to guide redevelopment. The Town of Greece has a zoning ordinance, subdivision regulations, site plan review for all development largerthan a 2 family residence, ..---drainage regulations, and an interim development lawl to provide a transitional basis as a new master-plan ;@.-:;-for Greece is being.-.drafted,. The interim law places A moritorium on building activity which does not con- form to the current master plan. County _Th-T_M__nroe County Planning Department has proposed a e o :Comprehensive Development Plan (February, 1975), which is currently under public review. The plan calls for the channeling of growth into growth centers, develop- ment corridors and the protection of important natural resource areas. Specifically, one proposed growth center focuses on Charlotte; this center is linked to the City of Rochester by a proposed, "High Intensity Ur- ban Corridor" ailong Lake Avenue. (See Map, "Proposed Mon- roe County General Development Plan - 1975".) The remain- ing area,s near the coastal zone-study areas are indicated for the coastal zone areas themselves. If the plan is approved, it will be a reference for planning advice and decisions. The Monroe County Planning Department does provide 239m review of proposed local zoning changes within 1/4 mile of the Lake Ontario shoreline and Irondequoit Bay, and within the 100-year floodplain of the Genesee River. Although the legislature has not adopted the Subdivision Review Provision (239n), the Planning Department has been re- viewing all subdivisions in an advisory capacity for approximately 15 years. This review process has now been consolidated into an interagency "Development Re- view Committee", including County Planning, Health (which also reviews all new commercial development), Pure Waters, Department of Public Works, Environmental Management Council, State Department of Transportation and a number of other agencies, which meets.weekly to review projects together. Thus, zi_cc-asolidated review by agencies concerned with various functional areas (transportation, land use, water quality, etc.) does existfor all subdivision development in the County, in- cluding the coastal zone areas. The County has drafted a model erosion and sediment control, which will be available for localities to re- view and adopt. State At the State level, the State Environmental Quality Re- view Act takes effect on June 1, 1976. Modeled after NEPA, TE will require an environmental impact statement for any action by State, regional and local government agencie.s, or actions over which they have approval power, which could significantly affect the environment. For each municipality, it requires a formal review pro- cess, and opportunity for public participation, to be integrated into existing agency review procedures. Cur- rently, the D.E.C., the agency responsible for imple- menting the Act at the State level,.is seeking guide- lines from all affected jurisdictions,-and various in- dustrial and environmental groups. Included is a request _74- to draft lists of typical activities which would or may affect the environment significantly. Public hearings on the Act are scheduled for November, with adoption planned for January 1, 1976. The State Freshwater Wetlands Law will require state or ..local protection of freshwater wetlands of 12.4 acres and:larger and other designated by the D.E.C. Commis- sioner. Starting in September 1975, a permit will be requi.red for all actions affecting the subject wetland areas. Later, a state-wide wetland inventory, a perma- nent local permit program and final land use regulation are to be established. The inventory is about one-third', complete, basically the area of the Adirondack Park. Federal Federal regulation through the National Environmental Policy Act represents the basic reference point for most environmental regulations;' it is the model for the State Environmental Quality Review Act. All federally controlled or assisted projects must comply with NEPA, which requires the identification of actions which will affect the environment, a description of the los5 of irretrievable resources and a specification of measures to mitigate negative environment impact. Currently, NEPA applies to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredging operations in the Genesee River, including the dike disposal operations off Durand Eastman Park. In this case, NEPA applies directly to the issues of water-_ front use and water quality. International The United States-Canada boundary-i5located at the- center of Lake Ontario; thus, no international waters exist. Except*for international customary law and agreements which provide for the innocent passage of foreign flagships and ships in distress, federal and state jurisdiction prevails for all of the Lake Ontario waters. Implications for Planning In terms of protecting natural resources, providing for orderly development, securing rights of access and ful- filling other basic coastal zone objectives, current legal controls have some strengths and weaknesses, as follows:- Roc hester@and Surrounding Communities Recent zoning ordinances, including the new Rochester ordi- nance, recognize the special circumstances.associated _75- with various kinds of development; project review for cluster development, planned development and special permit uses represents a laudable effort in monitoring development in sensitive areas. Another strength of the Rochester ordinance is the level of density being proposed; the'concept is to start with a minimal level of potential development, and thereby require that new proposals be "tested" in the rezoning process. This relatively new approach to urban zoning (i.e.., classi- fying land close to its existing density), with.firm criteria for rezoning, is a sound basis for implementing the future plan. The establishment of special dis- tricts and procedures could be supplemented with a coastal "overlay" zone, with special site development standards. The Rochester zoning ordinance also does not provide re-zoning guidelines which the Council could use to maintain the environmentally-oriented quality of the initial law. As commercial activity increases, more commercial development is encouraged, creating addi-m tional environmental problems (e.g., run-off, erosion) in the coastal zone area. The new map includes a num- ber of areas where commercial and manufacturing dis- tricts abut residential zones. Particularly for such areas., guidelines which suggest the extent and nature of possible zoning changes-would-be an important ad- dition to the process of coastal zone planning. In ad- dition to these broad changes, more specific criteria for the-granting of special permit uses, limitations on gross lot coverage (buildings.plus paved areas) and a more comprehensive process for,amortizing non conforming uses would be useful modif-tca-tions. Subdivision regulations do not deal..with;land use, per se, but rather the way in which land uses are accomo- dated. Erosion and water quality-in coastal,areas are directly affected by.the run-off characteristics of subdivisions. Standards for roadway and slope design, and revegetation are elements necessary to protect coastal zone areas. in terms of special regulations, localities are prob- ably well-advised to develop their own freshwater wet- lands protection law (after September 1, 1976), in order to further consolidate regulations under one jur- isdiction. A basic strong point in the law is that the D.E.C. will continue to provide technical assistance. County The current provisions for project review by the County -:76- and the County Development Plan represent an improved base for county.planning responsibility. In particular, the Development Review Commission represents the kind of interagency review group which is appropriate for coastal zone areas, since it consolidates the concerns of many functional areas, including land use, transportation, water quality and public access. State The possible implications of SEQR are extensive, es- pecially in terms of documentation of local government actions, such as zoning changes, which may have pro ceeded relatively unnoticed in the past. If the act survives roughly in its present form, an unparalleled recording and definition of planning activity will com- mence. Relative to specific.guidelines, it's'quite possible that some localities will suggest coastal zone "areas of concern" which would apply to impact review procedures. As described above, current legal controls are derived from a number of concerns and app-ly-to a variety of functional areas. -Local controls are beginning to break out of*traditional bounds of passive regulations; new-controls respond di- rectly to environmental concerns 'and recognize the need to monitor development more closely. An effort to for- malize the coastal area as a zone ."district", with special review criteria, is recommended. County responsibilities are import-ant-a-spects of coastal zone protection; separate land use reviews and the County Development Plan are only advisory in nature but nevertheless provide an important geographic scope or viewpoint. Consolidated, inter-agency review should be encouraged. At the state level, the SEQR review should result in various areas of environmental concern, including a coastal zone", in which certain actions would apply to environmental impact analysis. Regarding the wetlands legislation, it is recommended that localities adopt an approvable review program, in order to help consolidate environmental regulations at the local level. -77.- FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES ANALYSIS Significance of the Resource The role that coastal fish and wildlife resources play* in maintaining a high quality of environment is often' overlooked - especially in an urban coastal zone en- vironment such as Rochester's. -.In @such cases, the- concern is generally with the impact of man's activi- ties on these resources -.and herein lies the important role of fish and wildlife species-a .s-indicators of en- vitonmental quality, particularlyof water quality and 7 vegetative habitat diversity. Nature education is'a second important role of fish and-wildlife, particular- ly in the urban coastal zone. A-third-,important role is recreationally oriented - huht-ling'' fishing and trap- ping. As harvestable resources for commercial economic activity, these resources no longer have a significant role in the Rochester Coastal Zon-ell'and-the future looks dim in terms of lake fishing commercial value with the discovery of concentrated levels-of PCB's and other toxic substances in such commercially valuable species as Coho Salmon.* But ultimately, the role of animal species in maintaining balanced populations, and contributing to the basic ecological processes of re- production, consumption, conversion.and recycling of@--- 7 i' organic plaht and animal mat:ter ti@ the role of: -highest- signifcance. Historic Development -and industrial Up until the advent of human settlement development of the.Rochpster area, fish and wildlife resources existed in a balanced-fbla-tibnthip with the prevalent unpolluted natural environment. Changes in the prevalance and dominance of-'species were subject only to natural evolutionary forces even though there were relatively small impacts generated by occasional natural catastrophe and the harvesting of aboriginal and colonial man for food, pelts and other basic uses. The abundant fresh water marshlands, the grasslands and forests, and clear lake waters teemed with a wide di- versity of fish and wildlife. Industrialization of the area, harnassing the water resources of the Genesee River and the resultant concentration and spread of urban growth has resulted in the destruction of vast areas of fish and wildlife habitat,@and has increasingly subjected the environment to persistent toxic substances. -78- While the list of recorded fish and.wildlife and other forms of animal life in the area will seem extensive, it represents but a small remnant of the original wild- life potential of the area. Moreover, the overall species composition has changed in favor of those species more able to tolerate the presence of man and the toxic conditions he has introduced to the natural environment. 'Current Status and Condition The most current and accurate data on fish and wildlife resources in the area have been developed by the U.S. Corps of Engineers in conjunction-with the environmental- impact analysis of the proposed Genesee River dredging project (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1975b). These analyses indicate the following: o Fish Alewife and White Perch dominate in both the river and the lake embayment area off-shore of Durand Eastman Park where the samples were taken. --;ithin the lake, however., desirable food and game fish such as-Coho Salmon, Rockbass., Brown Trout, Smelt and Northern Pike are still.common species, whereas in the river, with the except@on of.occasional spawning Northern Pike and Walleye, the species are limited to theso-called "trash"fish - Suckers, Bullheads, Carp and Goldfish which-'can-tolerate the sediment-laden turbid water-s that are low in dis- solved oxygen. No quantitative data is available on the species of -fish which are present in the-pondrs-inrDurand East- man Park, but these would be likely to contain spe- cies such as Pumpkinseed Sunfish,- Largemouth Bass, Yellow Perch, White Crappie, Brown Bullhead, Blunt- nose Minnow, Fathead Minnow, Brook Stickleback and Central Mudminnow. 0 Avifauna Approximately 50 species of birds,, including migra- tory waterfowl have been recorded in the area around the mouth of the Genesee River. The list of record- ed species includes 23 game species. This area however, like the remaining habitat in the study area, is not suitable for hunting, due to the prox- imity of urban populations. The species observed in this area are largely temporary feeding visitants -79- since there is little cover for shelter and nesting. Along the shore of Durand Eastman Park approximately 140 species of birds have been recorded, including 19 water:fowl games species, and a dozen or so rap- tors, including unusual species such as the Golden Eagle, Bald Eagle, Peregrine Falcon and Osprey. The three former species prey mostly on waterfowl and the latter on fish. It ha_s,be@en reported that extensive off-shore emergent aquatic communities once existed in this.area, but for some reason, cur- rent water depths are greater than the-depth re- quired to support vegetative:growth. The plant hab- ita-L-1 along the shoreline is classified as a dis.- turbed community with pioneer--su ccessional species, so again, the waterfowl in thi-s axed-are probably temporary feeding visitants dfre'stIng' migratory species. Upland, within the Park area proper, a survey of typical habitat disclosed about'160 species of birds, including 11 game species. In addition to waterfowl, the game species included 3 upland game birds - Rihg-necked Pheasant-@;American-Woodcock and Common Snipe. Marsh birds, such as Bittern, Sora, Rail and Coot have also been observ6d.- Ap o Mammals Mammal species observed in thd@Rblt@hesfek Coastal, Zone Area are fairly typical 6f those found in urban habitat areas. A herd of approximately 50 White- tail ]:)eer have been reported i1i thd'Durand Eastman Park.area. Muskrat and mink have alsa-been reported, but their quantities are probably not sufficient to be of major commercial value''alth6VqH-they are oc- casionally trapped by individuals (Hamber, 1975)., Other small mammals including Striped--Skunk, Raccoon,' Weasel, Rabbits, Mice and Voles., Opposum, Shrew, Moles, Squirrels, Chipmunk and Bats-have also been record- ed in the area. 0 Other Wildlife It must be presumed that typical reptile and am- phibian species associated with these habitats would be found, and that representative macro-invertebrate species are also present. Benthic species sampled in the lower Genesee River are dominated by those favoring low oxygen, polluted environments. -80- Implications for Planning and Development The fish and wildlife resources potential of the Roch- ester Coastal Zone Area is obviously impacted by the proximity of urban development and the severe stresses placed upon the natural environmental of the area particularly those which have degraded the aquatic hab- itat. Sport fishing in the lake continues to provide recreational value, but the recent discoveries of high levels of PCB concentrations in game fish raise a seri- ous question of regaining any commercial fishing value of substance. Because of the urban-context,,hunting in the land.habitat area is not permitted. However, the potential does exist to recreate better off-shore habi- tat for waterfowl, and this could-increase the hunting value of the area. Such marsh habitat--might also.im- prove the prospects for muskrat trappin4. The major potential of the fish and wildlife resources is educational, and the Durand Eastman Park would offer the best possibility for the expansio n of this resource value, which has become a major interest in this era of high interest in the natural environment. Coupled with this environmental education valte@-is-the-resource po- tential for some significant scientific research. From the--above analysis of:-,@the@[email protected]:Zo-ne. fish and wildlife resources, the basic conclusion is ...that these resources, although severely impacted by manis activities, still retain considerable educational, recreational and commercial value..and.potential. More definitive. investigation of this resource should be conducted with the objective of establishing better base lin e data on the existing ecology of fish and wildlife resources. 'To focus and coordinate this research, an Environmental Education Center/Camp might be established in the Durand Eastman Park. This center could also provide expanded opportunities for nature study for the area school sys- tem and the general public. A nature trail system in Durand Eastman Park should be planned and developed in conjunction with the center. Possibilities also exist for the'expansion of emerqent aquatic habitat immediately off-shore of Durand Eastman Park. This could greatly improve the quality of the area as an attractive waterfowl habitat providing ad- ditional hunting value which need not interfere with potential recreational swimming and boating in the area. The possibility also exists for increasing the dissolved oxygen level of the lower Genesee River. If this ob- Jective is pursued, some marsh ar'eas adjacent to the lower river should be preserved as waterfowl habitat and spawning areas for Northern Pike and Walleye. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has just begun a one-year urban fisheries study of the Genesee River.. -82- MAP SOURCEs N.Y. 7.5 MIN. PLANIMETRIC.1988 QUIAP!qj@ ROCHESTER EAST &WES I :Tom- - - ------ -- 275 2W t charloft:eIftri- r rrA iL-j jr 73-. F bb 35' A UJUP:D1 n0wlm L jui JOU Beach F -1--i ItAM g!L@ it ej] Lpe Uri 370 V.1 L C;-T U ROAD j 3 4 382 up ME7 c EED mator CnVU /4--JU4 3'8 X of lull 1.9 0 1/1 UZI UJU EROSIOli POTENTIAL ANALYSIS Significance'of-the Resource The soil resource has a major role in both natural and man-made environmental systems found within the area of study affecting the Rochester Coastal@_Zone,,.@ Even in the dominantly urban setting of Rochester where develop- ment has drastically altered the condition of natural systems, the soil remains as the resource which supports.- existing vegetation and, consequently, wildlifel and serves as the host material for urban development. The unique qualities and c@haracteristics of.this resource cause a major portion of land within the-area of study to have potentials of very severe-,or*,severe erosion. The study area of the erosion control analysis is deter- mined by the watershed boundaries--of lands which drain into the Rochester Coastal Zone. Within the study area, there is a substantial amount of land covered by soils which have the potential for very severe erosion. When development occurs in areas with.--5evere or very severe erosion potential, the problems resulting from erosion may pose serious hazards to human life-and@property, may bring about serious environmental,.deterioration and may neces-._-., sitate very costly remedial.-iaction,- -,Dangers of@land- sliding, clogging of natural drain ge features and de- gradation of surface water-qual ityi:--despoiling-of-forest--,,- lands and wildlife habitat with deposits'of eroded sed- iment, and the expenses of cleaning-up and,restoring the land to its natural condition-are@all-reasons to prohibit development in areas with-potential for very severe erosion. Historic Development Toward the end of the last stage-of-glaciation which affected the northeastern section of the United Statest a series of lakes formed n 'ear the northward receding ice front in Monroe County.. As the ice continued re- ceding, the configuration of lakes and their drainage --patterns changed, thus forming new lakes in different locations. The last of the lakes to form was named Lake Iroquois by geologists. Lake Iroquois covered the area of this study. The shoreline of the ancient lake was a beach ridge which today is the approximate loca- tion of Ridge Road, U.S. Route 104. -84- It is believed (Harnley, 1975) that, before Lake Iro- quois finally evolved into present-day Lake-Ontario, it-.- @received,deposits of sediment from north-flowing rivers and streams, The Durand Eastman Park area, under water at this time, r@eceived sandy, coarse silt sediments ap- parently in the form of a delta. As the water level,of Lake Iroquois dropped, these sediments were exposed to climatic conditions and the forces of erosion, producing the small, steep valleys seen today in this area.- These are actually erosional features which formed as gullies originally in the deltaic sediment. The study area a- round the mouth of the Genesee River received silty sediments that were deposited in--quieter waters on the bottom of the post-glacial Lake Iroquois. The different types of sediment deposition in-Lake.Iroquois thus greatly influenced prese.nt-day-ldndforms-in the coastal zone. Current Status and Condition Through the last 200 years of settlement in the Roches- ter area, soil resources of the-inland areas have been altered by man's activities. Tiihber-cutting, farming, and finally urban development have,modified the land- scape and affected soil characteristics of some major soil mapping units within-the -area-of 7,study-- For ex- ample, some areas have soil.,@ in which major portions of the surface soil layer has been eroded away. The basic reasons for the eroded condition-of these.-Soils.were a lack of knowledge about soil resources in general, mis- management of the-soil through inappropriate land usage, and an overall lack of concern about the environmental consequences of mismanaging soil resources. .Today, a great deal of scientific data exists which des- cribes the soil resources and defines their potentials for various uses. Erosion potential has been determined using this data -(Heffner and Goodman, 1973) (U.S.D.A. S.C.S., Guidelines for Erosion Control in Urban Areas of New York State, no date). Basically, four categories of erosion potential have been mapped for the study area; these are soils areas with very severe, severe, moderate or slight erosion potential (Goodman, 1975). (See Technical Report on Erosion Potential and Possible Protective Measures in Appendi for more information.) -85- The Lake Ontario shoreline has also been changing al- though there is far less documentation of this. The bluffs west of Ontario Beach and above and below the Hojack Railroad right-of-way'in Durand Eastman Park .are composed of material which has severe or very se- vere erosion potential. At the shoreline, exposure to high water levels, storms, and climatic forces in gen- eral increases the erosion potential of the bluffs. Frost action in the soil is a significant soil move- ment/soil erosion mechanism. Once the base or "toe" of a bluff is removed by erosion, landsliding is triggered and will in turn cause more surface erosion as soils become exposed. Current studies.(Adams, 1975b) indi-' cate that thepresence of vegetation on the bli@ffs does not stop this process by anchoring the soil. Indeed, some experts have suggested (Higgins, 1974) that re- moval of large trees may reduce the load on@bluff soils and slopes, thereby reducing the landsliding tendency. In any event, once the toe of the bluff has been removed, landsliding and erosion will begin to readjust the slope gradient of the bluff soil to its natural angle of re- pose at 45 degrees to the horizontal (Adams, 1975a) (Adams, 1975b) . A variety of structural measures., all designed to pro- tec.t the toe of the bluff, have been generally success- ful at halt:.'-ng bluff erosion in the'se,areas (Adams,' 1975b). Also, preservation of beaches where practical as buffer zones appears to be an.important need in pro- tecting the bluffs from erosion. 'The beach areas of the coastal zone are composed of sediments from a number of sources. Materials eroded from the immediate shoreline have been mixed with sed- iments transported"by shoreline or "littoral" drift (in this case from west to east). As recreational interest in beach use developed and demand for beach area in- creased, beach sediments in the form of sand, were im- ported from inland sources. The mixture.of these sedi- ments makes a technical soil description which would apply to beach areas difficult because of the variabil- ity of conditions. However, some general characteris- tics about beach areas with respect to erosion poten- tial are known. Beach materials can probably be considered to have a I'slight" erosion potential, based on the range from 11slight" to "very severe" if viewed only as an exposed soil not affected by lake and related climatic influ- ences. However, the beaches are periodically affected -86- by high water levels in Lake Ontario and/or storms pro- ducing high and very powerful waves. It is under these influences that severe or very severe erosion,potential exists for beach areas. The walls of the navigation channel projecting into Lake Ontario from the Genesee River Mouth are at 90 de- gree angles to the shoreline. -As such, they act as a device which catches and retain's sediment transported by littoral drift and retains beach sand against the force of littoral drift at Ontario Beach. Therefore, the structure acts to stop erosion and aid the build-up of sediment. However, this structure also stops the @transport of sediment by littoral drift to Summerville and Windsor Beach. The influence,of the channel wall at controlling erosion on the beaches to the east seems to gradually end as Windsor Beach tapers down to a nar- row margin. However, scientific data is not Z-vailable to provide support to this conclusion. Implications for Planning and Development Control of erosion should be viewed in the context of regulating man's disturbance of soil resources. In that context, the following structure of land use constraints related to soil erosion potential is offered.. I.- In areas of very severe erosion,potehtial, develop- ment should be prohibited. 2. In areas of severe erosion potential, development should not be allowed unless all of the following are satisfied: A. the necessity and desirability of the develop- ment is established; B. the project is compatible with local planning objectives; C. complete erosion control measures are taken; D. all such erosion control measures are guaran teed by the project sponsor., 3. In areas of moderate erosion potential, development should be allowed when: A. the project is compatible with local planning objectives; B. erosion control measures are guaranteed. -87- 4. In areas of slight erosion potential, development should be allowed if proper erosion control measures are planned and implemented according to standard municipal controls. 5- In areas where property loss and hazards to safety result from erosion potential, a special zone dis- trict should be established to regulate development and land use and prescribe techniques for erosion control (most applicable in the case of bluffs). 6. Beach areas and the use of structures to stabilize beach areas should receive further study and be regulated based on those findings. Initial plan- ning for beach Areas may begin based on limited data. Present uses of beach Areas may continue. Local land use decision-making groups must recognize the hazards posed by the often severely erodible soil resources in their community. Future regulation of areas with severe and very severe erosion hazards will benefit the community in terms of public safety, pre- servation of environmentally and aesthetically impor- tant areas, and prevention of potential remedial actions which would be necessitated by development of these areas. Land use decision-making b6dies must strive to under- stand the actual soil resource conditions and adopt or enact erosion control regulations which are based on the scientifically established data describing those conditions. More study of the bluff erosion on the Lake Ontario shoreline will take place in the summer of 1976 (Adams, 1975b). Although this study,will continue to provide better answers about erosion problems related to bluffs, the present level of knowledge seems adequate to effec- tively plan for coastal zone land use related to the bluffs. The effective planning for beach areas can be- gin now but must also include the development and use of.more information about beach material composition, erosion and sedimentation rates, the hydro-dynamics of Lake Ontario, and the role of structures in controlling erosion and sedimentation. (A discussion of specific structures is included in the Technical Report on Ero- sion Potential and Possible Protective Measures found in the appendix.) -88- 00A At- ---------- p 0. ... ............ . A '15 m@ 4, uuu OAD 4e IC', AA A4 > A To OK V ZI c n ir 37 7-Z Lo A 3 7 0 71; n @ A(FlY n LN, "A ROIZ.@OHMSTER COACSTAL ZONE RESOURCES MAN AC-MuMENT STUDY ERAD@510M FAGM25 PPZFVUQM UVI SCALE CtmTrY C@@F r-4%0C:*"4R J.. MCOPLANG IMMORP AMO 1-24000 cxu%kRTmmNT cr c=mmupwry cwvwLbp;%;owr O^RATO" opfuracia. W&W vome lumm A FAIMMMUR CW @qlm ELECTRIC GENERATION FACILITIES ANALYSIS Significance of the Resource The power generating facilities located within the area influencing the Rochester Coastal Zone, are a major component of the Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation power generating system. As such, they are considered essential to the community, region and the New York Power Pool. In terms of relationships with other resources of the Coastal Zone Area, electric generating facilities re- quire land for both plants and transmission systems. Water is utilized for both power production in hydro- electric and steam generating systems, and as a coolant in nuclear systems - and each process has a different impact on water quality. Electric generating facili- ties can affect public access - in some cases providing additional public access through multiple-use of gener- ating facility sites - and in other cases restricting public, access or adversely affecting nearby recreation- al areas with air and water pollutants. Power generat- ing facilities, through their impacts on water quality can affect fish resources, although the nature of these impacts have not been clearly.established. In some cases, the -impacts appear to be neutral or beneficial. For example, the warmer water resulting from thermal discharge seems to.attract higher fish populations. Transmission line rights-of-way often form natural wild- life.corridors extending into the urban environment. Legal controls affecting electric generating facilities .are vested primarily at the state and federal level. As utilities, these facilities are exempted from zoning and other controls available to local governments. Historic Development There are electric generating facilities in the proxim- ity of the study area: the Russell Station on Lake On- tario in the Town of Greece, and the BeeBee Station on the Genesee River close to downtown Rochester. Their locations were largely determined by their proximity,to water and the ease of transfer of large amounts of water for cooling purposes. Secondarily, the plants were located as near to the ultimate users of power as _90- practical, in order to reduce transmission requirements. Several small hydro statiorys have been located along the Genesee River where advantage is taken of the substan- tial changes in elevation on the river. The generation capacity and type of fuel utilized at the two closest plants are as follows: Russell-Station - 256 MWe -,oil and.coal; BeeBee Station - 191 MWe - oil and coal. Schematics of these plants are illustrated on the accompany- ing maps. Current Status and Condition No plans to expand the City-located facilities are con- templated. The Russell Station, however, is currently being studied to determine the feasibility of utilizing solid wastes as a fuel which could provide up to 30% of the BTU input required by the boilers. If feasible, a minor adaptation to the plant would be developed, with the system operational by mid-1978. Major expansion to the -RG&E power generating system is being planned at a site near Fairhaven, New York known as the Sterling Site. Both i::oal@fired and nuclear plants are under planning in co'nju-nction with two other New York utilities. While thesefacilities are located along the Lake Ontario coast, they have no effect on the Rochester Coastal Zone study area. Transmission facilities required by.the proposed plants andthose existing within the' coastal zone are not ex- pected to be expanded significantly. Major overhead transmission lines within the study area generally par- allel the railroad tracks back from the shoreline. The lines are placed underground.or in'submarine cable in the critical visual zones. Both Russell and BeeBee Stations have received federal @and state water discharge permits and are currently in the final hearing stage. A number of improvements are being planned for the plants' discharge systems which will result in improved water quality at both locations. Implications for Planning and Development The facilities reviewed are expected to be maintained for the foreseeable future. No plan is available ..relative to the phasing-out.of these facilities. Since INTP@KE STRUCTURE -JTNY m r RU%ELL STA.- 0 C VER C R FrF-K DRANA&e Aqsa@-,, 4 so. m mx 7C-O Y, 0 0. 1 C- FS POI- H E-'@ER Ctt AS 4 MLE@Crp JC@ C-o P- p. 1-7AnoN 1!jC ALS Source: Rochester Gas and Electr ic Corporation FT-- C= 12 ef=l 0 'STRUCrURE '2 8' WATER OEPTH LAKF- OUTAXIO LA@6 A -@PCt-VAL) BEAe- H AV F- i NTPo<E L e-4 H A R G T-' VUOUL ISTACK-5 5UE5STA'TIOI,I 0 -m.-60AL UWLOhDIW6m FA4-ILITIC5 2 N NI I 100, 01 too zoo -SIA41CK@ C,&.PA.,--Fry FLOW= 1/.7.5 M�D j2OC-t4F-%F.Z 4&4@ ELF-C-Mie. Coe?. 9@11w (%Amow T) Source: Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation -93- STATiON ko; 6140 P5 ;zt,,r4L 011 4 E. VJ F_ F-ATO F- Li t4 1r '0, r-oww 0 -T t_j w E: L V- F, E lp 0 U3 5) .4 r-OA-7CD A-If crel I-, 4P"5 ELE ry. tql Mwe 00C CM4 STPnot4 C)S'Pocr R V=LoWj. 5PTI Im P"@. cza4 r) e 200 A.LC Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation Source: -94- COURT 5T CA LA TA. Z6 CrNTRAL AVE. DAM rl-V r, ty 'f*? -'7- [1 EVAC@p 5A.S N..L3 --iE AD C@k7ES A INTAKE TwiNl 5 TA. V. 3! i '@OW! R rA' I m m STA 57A@. 5 E V. e 5 3. 0' PRO:7[LF- G@NFqEF RIVER fri -M LAKE 0m7AA'0 M 'SCALE VERTICAL 1"- 100' In NORTH. 2 Ul UDDLE FALLS r 5T& ELEV 2510' ez C Mr. LAKE ONTARIO LR,FALLS 5YA. J! Z/CLcv 3. 0, L&@PPER rALL5 @_.@LN:RAL AVE DAM Ev 482.51 RT 57, :@ALI L -R LAN.- GE1\1ESEE RIV@ Source! Rochester Gas and ric Corporatioh' Electr, these facilities are essential to the basic functioning of the community, they will be utilized in their present mode until such time as they may become economically im- practical or su' pplanted by new facilities at remote sites in the longterm. In addition, stringent and lengthy reviews by federal and state agencies over new plant licensing applica- tions combined with a slower growth rate in electrical demand has caused delays in new plant construction. Dependence on existing plants will therefore increase, reinforce their usefulness and extend their life. New power facilities, are not quite as depe'ndent on the historical relationships-to water and load centers due ..to the improved technology of large capacity power and water transmission systems. Nuclear plants are, in ad- dition, required to be located in low population areas. As a result of these technological advances and siting requirements, power facilities locational concerns in the Rochester area are not an issue.@@.' -96- T ood@' LA PWWV r PIP .@'Vpy r mg PC C73=1 HUM . ............ . If .... ... .A"r"Llr 0 21.1 Lyr IN, 0 46 0002 U ILL.. 9. vr M 13 n wy 1. 4' , , I m 0-4 2 FO vK AVr* .4 A 2 :3 Oli >1 I L 11 C= r---i a 17-10 Za @_c ftzr_@ 2t, n acr 'J_ m 33 0 0 0 n M m 9 :::7 ao mdt& e@At M&A- 50 r CDAOTAL ZONE, ROGOORC.F.3 ;=;9qz' PUAC DA T 0- *7 Ll MY SCALE PnMPAnUD WMI -COPLANS UmCOMPORATEO 1: 2400C CITY OF RCM, GAMATOU^ Us"Amao, Nam vom sn@ 6^14.-MA ASOCCIATM .......... ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES STRATEGY CONSIDERATIONS The preceedinq inventory and analysis of the major coastal ..,zone resources has demonstrated that a large portion of the Rochester coastal zone has been impacted by human uses. The overall.impression, however, is that the exist- ing uses do not optimize the resource opportunities nor. resolve conflicting and incompatible alternatives. Various alternative solutions to the problems are presented here.. In order to articulate the alternative strateaies for the design, management and implementation of coas@-al zone. plans, basic concerns of purpose (major uses in coastal area) and policy must be resolved.- Briefly, all strat- egies should fall somewhere in the continuum between .11total" conservation and "total" development. A final implementation program should be based on an evaluation of specific policies and objectives. As a framework for defining strategies, alternative policies should focus on thefollowing areas: 0 General Use Policy -.the coastal.zone can be util- ized.principally for conservation/preservation pur- poses, development or a balanced combination of these. o Control Jurisdiction - most coastal zone areas in- volve federal, state, local and private jurisdiction in terms of present ownership and control. o Management Locus control of a coastal zone area and implementation of a plan may be centralized or dispersed management. o Specific Uses, Actions and Density on the develop- ment-side, land uses may be represented by any mix- ture found today on the urban scene, including resi- dential, commercial and industrial development. On the conservation side, recreational, forest pre- serves and similar functions.may be accommodated. Coastal zone areas may accommodate high or low den- sities depending upon guidelines. o Design Concept - the development of coastal zone uses may be accommodated as self-contained activi- ties, or integrated with the community. It is this basic aspect of overall design which determines its impact on adjacent areas. -98- o Legal Controls legal policy may range from simple controls to complex instruments, but generally rep- resents control over the land in terms of the way land is used and developed. The legal control may be direct (through acquisition in fee simple or lease) or indirect (through the police power which may be based on incentives, performance standards or restrictions). o Phasing - policies which determine whether or not coastal zones are developed as planned in one step or over a number of years have-much to do with the kind of management and the level of legal control necessary to implement the plan. @o Funding-particularly in the public sector, aspects of funding are important considerations with respect to the kind of plan developed.. obviously, a plan which requires public fee simple acquisition and development is more burdensome than one which in- corporates indirect controls for various aspects of the coastal zone. 0 Evaluation System - again, in the public sector,, methods for evaluating the success or failure of the coastal zone plan and-its management are important -policy conc,.erns. , This would -include land- develop- ment inspection, water quality testing and other procedures developed to insure the proper implemen' tation of the plan. ALTERNATIVE POLICIES Three distinct alternative directions are developed here. First, a conservation-oriented strategy is developed, des- cribing policies and actions necessary to maximize the preservation of natural resources in the coastal zone. At the opposite end of the continuum, a development focus is.assumed, to emphasize development opportunities in the coastal zone area. Lastly, a middle-ground or "balanced use" option is defined, in an Attempt to recog- nize the inherent advantages to a balanced plan which responds to both conservation and development oppor- tunities. The alternative policies for the three strategies are presented first. In the next section these policy state- ments are translated into schematic design representations of alternative development plans. Port Development Policy Goals Conservation-Oriented: To terminate the use of the Rochester coastal zone for port purposes and reallocate existing port land resources for public open spade uses. Development-Oriented: To reserve areas of the Rochester coastal zone for possible.future port requirements, and promote the development of Rochester as a Great Lakes Seaway Port. Balanced Use--oriented: To limit the expansion of commercial port activities and open.port facilities to compatible multiple uses. 0 Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies regarding port development in the.coastal zone.could range from 1) policies excluding potential_.. port uses and terminating current port facilities, to 2) policies maintaining, preserving and promoting port-development. Excluding port development from-. the coastal zone area would tend"to restrict the options available for industrial and commercial development in the coastal area, but would have an obvious beneficial impact on the visual and water quality of the area. Potential programs might include the following: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Redevelopment--of the existing port as a public recreation area to expand Ontario Beach Park. Development-Oriented Proarams: Maintain and promote the existing port facilities. Maintain public ownership of the port facility lauds but demolish the facilities and lease the area on'a long-term basis for commercial redevelopment. Maintain public ownership of the port areas but demolish the facilities and preserve the area as _100- reserved open-space for possible future port use. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Consolidate port facilities on small amount of land area thus freeing additional lands for other uses. Develop compatible multi-use activities for port docking facilities such as excu.rsion boating, recreation craft services and repairs. Land Use Policy Goals Conservation-oriented: To prohibit further development of coastal zo ne land resources and secure all remaining open lands for preser- vation and restoration of their potential native natural condition. Development-Oriented: To provide for the sound development of coastal zone land resources in accordance with the economic market values of availabl--- and developable proper,ties. Balanced Use-oriented: To contain and channel low-to-middle density development growth with a variety of economic and social uses. 0 Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies regarding the land resources of the coastal zone could range between 1) complete natural preser- vation of the remaining lands, and 2) a laissez faire attitude which could lead to exploitation of the economic values of the remaining lands. Adoption of a "conservation-oriented" policy in this case would effectively exclude the "development- oriented" policy. To the degree that.the adopted @policy goal represents a middle ranqe between these two conditions, some conservation-oriented, and some development-oriented objectives may be achieved. Middle-range policies would seek a balance between long-term public benefits of both conservation and development, and short-term private development benefits. -101- Potential management eg-*'@'s might include the following programs: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Expansion and acceleration of programs for the acquisition of coa:stal zone open land resources, -and obsolete and deteriorated developed proper- ties. Establishmentof such public-lands as natural preserves.. Development of an ecologically-based landscape restorat4.on program designed to replace vegeta- tive cover with vegetative species native to the coastal zone area. Provision of tax incentives to owners of large private holdings to preserve lands in natural conditions. Elimination of excess transportation routes to and through open land areas. Termination of port facilities. Development-Oriented Programs: Preparation and adoption of a multiple land use plan.for the coastal zone a-rea. Disposition of public lands not needed for public facilities and recreation for private development. Development of a public small boat harbor and marina. Provision of tax incentives for developers. Conduct of design competitions for key development parcels. Provision of increased access by public transit to the coastal zone area.. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Development of a variety of housing types and densities. -102- Amortization and displacement of industrial activities that are not dependent upon coastal zone resources. Promotion of public transit as the principle means of transporting day users to the coastal zone. Establishment of neighborhood commercial center for the Charlotte community. Water Quality Policy Goals Conservation-Oriented: To improve the quality of coastal zone water resources to the level necessary to sustain biological require- ments for the reproduction and development of potential natural aquatic vegetative and faunal resources. Development-Oriented:. To improve the quality of coastal zone water resources to the level required to permit effective use of the coastal zone for -ort development and recreational boat- ing. Balanced Use-oriented: To improve the quality of coastal zone water resources to a level necessary to sustain recreational swimming and fishing activities. 0 Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies r egarding water quality could range between the two extremes of l)-attempting to achieve improve- ments in water quality which would effectively -restore the original ec6logical.conditions of the coastal water resources, and 2) simple maintenance of the water resource as an open, navigable water transport system. Adoption of the conservation policy goals does not exclude the others, but more intensive controls and more effective monitoring systems and enforcement procedures would be necessary. Potential management strategies might include the following programs: -103- Conservation-oriented Programs: Establishment of a coordinated set of water quality standards relating to the bioloqidal, chemical and physical parameters of water quality in various areas of the coastal waters. Establishment of a permanent network of water quality monitoring stations and a routine pro- gram for sampling and testing water quality. Establishment of an on-qoing analysis of trends in water quality and periodic reporting of summary water quality data and trends for the coastal waters. Provision of an adequate system of facilities for the service of marine holding tanks and better enforcement of controls governing the discharge .of pollutants by ships*and boats. Acceleration of sewage treatment facility construction and upgrading of treatment levels. Development-Oriented Programs.: Establishment of a basic-plan and program for the periodic dredging of navigable water areas and the disposition of dredging spoil. Enactment of strict controls to prevent the exposure of highly erodible soils in@areas adjacent to the coastal zone waters and their tributaries. Separation and division of storm sewer discharges to outfall locations which will disperse run-off .sediments in areas where they will not cause closure of navigable waterways. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Upgrading and maintaining the coastal zone water to a "B" standard of.quality. Continuation of current pollution abatement program aimed at eliminating biologicaland-chemical pollu- tants. Establishment of coordinated water quality monitoring system, including predictive models. _104- Public Access Policy Goals Conservation-Oriented: To reduce public access especially to coastal zone areas with high ecological value and sensitive tolerance of human use. Development-Oriented: To increase public access especially to coastal zone areas 'with high developmental values and recreational-potentials. Balanced Use-oriented: To increase opportunities of public access for both passive and active recreation. 0 Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies governing public access to the.coastal zone could range between the extremes of 1) highly re- stricted, limited -.r--cess and, 2) unrestricted, open access. Adoption of either policy excludes the other. Unless the need for limiting access is clearly perceived and understood by the public, ..limiteC access would only be achieved by physical control measures and strong enforcement - which may not be achievable due tc.political pressures. Unrestricted access, on the other hand, increases use density and attendant maintenance and manage- ment requirements - as well as physical improvements, such as parking areas, bike and pedestrian circula- tion systems, and improved transit. It is more difficult to cut back use than expand it, however, and once an unlimited access policy is in effect, it becomes almost impossible to alter it. On the other hand, conservation-oriented policies of access can be modified if pressures increase for the use of additional areas. Potential programs include the following: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Elimination of off-street parking opportunities by physical barriers. Design of pedestrian and bike circulation systems to prevent encroachment on areas of high ecological value. -105- Reduction of public transit service to the coastal zone area. Elimination of through-traffic routes in the coastal zo ne area. Reduction of public areas for recreational purposes and restriction of private development (entertain- ment, food, marina) uses which attract the general public. Maintenance of low density re.sidential development. Development-Oriented Programs: Provision of a dispersed off-street parking system to serve the'coast-al area. Encouragement of more public transit service by reduced fares and/or more frequent, faster service. Promotion of public.attractions in the coastal zone area. Extension of the Lake Ontario Parkway from the Genesee-River east. Provision of more public recreational facilities and encouragement of private developments attracting the general public. Increased residential land use density. Provision of more pedestrian and bicycle circula- tion facilities., Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Provision of increased public access systems paralleling Lake and River shorelines with linkages to external systems. Promotion of improved public transit service. Improved maintenance and supervision of existing recreational facilities. -106- Legal Control Policy Goals Conservation-Oriented: To maximize public ownership and control of the coastal zone area. Development-Oriented: To minimize public ownership and intervention in the control of development of the coastal zone area. Balanced Use-Oriented: To maximize a beneficial interplay between private and public contr6l in the coastal zone area. o Policy Implications and Potential Programs Legal control policies could range between 1) maximum public ownership and protection of the coastal area and 2) basic reliance on the police powers of zoning and other codes to achieve public objectives in conjunction with private development. Maximum public control requires extensive initial capital outlay for the acquisition of land resources., and .on-going expanses for maintenance. Tax values are, of course, eliminated. Police power controls, on the other hand, could be sufficiently effective but also contain administration and enforcement costs to the public. Potential programs could include the following: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Continue and expand the current program of public land acquisition.of open, unused lands. Amortize existing non-conforming land uses and maintain.such lands in public ownership. Acquire abandoned railroad rights-of-way for public use. Establish land controls that restrict the density and type of development and require performance.to meet conservation-oriented standards. -107- Development-Oriented Programs: Establish land development controls that provide incentives for private development of the coastal zone area. Increase allowable densities for development. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Establishment of special coastal zone district provision in city zoning ordinance with special review criteria. Application of new-environmental review proce- dures to significant coastal zone projects. Fish and Wildlife Resource Policy Goals Conservation-Oriented: To expand the fish and wildlife habitat potential of the coastal zone area and attract and stimulate the reproduction and development of natural and native species formerly found in the area. Development-Oriented: To maintain and develop commercially important fish and wildlife species and improve the sport fishing potential of the coastal zone area. Balanced Use-oriented: .To establish an urban fish and wildlife ecology. o Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies governing fish and wildlife resources could range between the extremes of 1) restoration of the natural ecology and 2) development of only the commercial and recreational fish and wildlife values. Adoption of the conservation-oriented goal would also achieve the development-oriented goal. The fish and wildlife policy is, of course, tightly linked to water quality and land use policy. While the conservation-oriented policy would be difficult to achieve in totality, due to the _108- significant alterations that have been made to the Rochester coastal area, once such a level of habi- tat quality is achieved, continuing programs would not be required - except those related to monitor- ing habitat condition. The development-oriented policy, on the other hand, suggests continued manage- ment obligations - such as artificial stockinq and continued habitat improvements (artificial "structure" for attracting f'ish, for example) in order to maximize recreational and commercial value. Potential programs include the following: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Conduct of an on-going program of'fish and wildlife research to determine the status and trends in fish and wildlife habitat quality. Programmed introduction of additional native fish and wildlife species to broaden the diversity of faunal resources as habitat conditions improve. Improvement of fish and wildlife-habitat by selective planting of vegetative species with hiqh food and cover value, provision of artificial fish "structure", and selective clearing and other improvements such as nesting islands and platforms for waterfowl in the Durand Eastman ponds._ Designation of nature.preserve areas prohibiting public access except for controlled nature study programs. Development of an environmental education center and program to promote public awareness of fish and wild- life potentials in the coastal area. Development-Oriented Proqrams: Conversion of the harbor entrance breakwalls to sport fishing piers. Development of additional wetland areas for water- fowl hunting areas off Durand Eastman Park using dredging spoil. Establishment of a fishery program and stocking of Durand Eastman Park ponds with appropriate game fish species such as bass. -109- Development-Oriented Programs: Conversion of the harbor entrance breakwalls to sport fishing piers. Development of additional wetland areas for waterfowl hunting areas off Durand Eastman Park using dredging spoil. Establishment of a fishery program and stocking of Durand Eastman Park ponds with appropriate game'fish species - such as bass. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Promotion of fisheries program for game fish species. Development of management program forthe area's deer herd. Improvements and protection of-spawning and habitat areas._ Erosion Control Policy Goals Conservation-Oriented: To eliminate soil erosion due to man-caused activities in the coastal zone area and minimize soil erosion due to natural causes. Development-Oriented: To provide strict controls and specific guidelines governing new urban development in order to minimize soil erosion due to such activities, and enhance the value of private real estate undertakings. Balanced Use-Oriented: To minimize soil erosion due to man-caused activities. o Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies regarding soil erosion control will, in some respects, always be conservation-oriented, since erosion is detrimental to developmental ob- jectives as well as conservation objectives. The critical question is one of degree of public -110- intervention in the private development process to prevent erosion. These interventions can range from simple, non-mandatory guidelines, to strictly enforced legal controls and actual public projects (e.g., stream valley land acquisition, erosion con- trol check-dams, etc.) paid for by assessing de- velopers working in areas susceptible to soil erosion. Since streams follow natural courses across political boundaries, erosion control policies have implica- tions for jurisdictional control - assignment, for example, to the County, or cooperative agreements between municipalities. Potential programs-could include the following: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Public acquisition of stream valley and other natural run-off areas. Public provision of erosion control structures in existing areas of soil erosion. Public restoration of eroded land areas by imple- mentation of slope adjustment and vegetative plant- ing programs. Development-Oriented Programs: Development of erosion control standards in areas of high erosion potential. Direction of land development away from areas of high @erosion potential. Requiring performance bonds from developers in areas of high erosion potential. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Preservation and stabilization of beach and bluff shoreline areas where property values of public resources are threatened. Development and enforcement of erosion control measures on a watershed basis. Electric Generating Facility Policy Goals Con serva tion-Or iented: To minimize the use of the coastal zone land and water resources for the purposes of electric power generation, and establish strict controls governing the discharge of thermal water pollution resulting from electric generating facilities. Development-Oriented: To maintain adequate coastal lar.d and water resources for potential electric power generating needs. Balanced Use-Oriented: To encourage multiple use of all electric generation facilities. o. Policy Implications and Potential Programs Policies regarding the use of coastal zone resources for electric power generation could range between 1) policies designed to prevent further demands on land and water resources and, in addition, graduall-y amortize and phase-out existing power generating facilities; and 2) policies to protect and allocate an appropriate share of these resources for such use. Such policies are obviously long- term future oriented and subject to modification by technological advances which may greatly.reduce power generating impacts. Potential programs could include the following: Conservation-Oriented Programs: Establish a defi nitive coastal zone land and water resource plan that restricts power generating facili- ties to existing facility locations and adopt strict regulations to eliminate thermal pollution by cooling water discharges. Develop a program for the phasing-out of existing power generating facilities not meeting acceptable standards and requiring substantial investments to upgrade operations to such levels. -112- Development-Oriented Programs: Provide reserved sites in the more remote coastal zone for future electric power generating facility needs. Balanced Use-Oriented Programs: Encourage new electric generating facilities and transmission lines to be located back from the coastal zone and away from populated areas. Permit public access and recreational activities where appropriate on public utilities land within the coastal zone. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT PLANS Conservation Strategy - Illustrative Plan One basic concept for the Rochester coastal zone is that which emphasizes the preservation and management of all' natural resources in the area, with a concomitant de- emphasis on commercial, industrial and port development. The primary aspects of such a plan would be: the rela- tively large role of public agencies and conservation groups, in terms of acquiring and managing resource areas; the public financial commitment involved in such -a program, and the relatively small role of private de- velopment interests. A schematic representation of this conservation strategy is presented in the accompanying "Illustrative Plan" graphics. The development plan shown is only a single representation of the conservation-oriented policies; other designs are possible. The central land use change proposed in this conservation strategy is the establishment of a Genesee River park on lands currently occupied by the Port Authority. Implicit in this strategy is the amortization and removal of commercial port facilities and the railroad lines serving the port. Over fifty acres would be available as a major open space for expanded recrea- tion facilities which might include ballfields, open play space, environmental education facilities and walking trails. In conjunction with the Genesee River park, the west -113- ONTARIO BEA PARK.AREA maii-Awn /m,5m!4 e Limit new mu. PEDESTRIAN LINK iyLe cov'Y'O'c''OT4 0 Ftwici=; C'y1heciiorls to 5e-&r'h r el 1, i= am- Urnit comrr@ercimt ton to -Orr: o @cryiezVriverwml to, breaZwa+-e-rl tNF-SEE'--- RIVER PARK Q -P@wj ay rive 0 Pml3e<, for W, orten q@ J and r-3.k.'w OTI MCI,: va" .P,4 7 R -TRE PARK CENTli ATMENT JA . . . ............ -a 77 -'y a 7-- RIVE RAILROAO STATION 0 Cr, 0 Y. mzt im m4 v@ rwi3cr 0 t "AD R.D.W. 7,,," rnnintzun arem ft:.r ii,414 ACCESS Devc-lop ints gor ..A SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT DURAND EAST PA K _-Guiae e, p@iclh at suol bufF. "in We%Amlor __40 .0" C5 -TRAIL m @rail cip NaA 4: -7- :7--.-':- cP el 4P shoreline of the River could be developed as a river- walk providing pedestrian, bicycling and fishing oppor- tunities. The riverwalk could provide a linkage between the more intensive use areas at Ontario Beach Park and the passive use areas of the upper Genesee River wilderness park. The major focus of the conservation plan would be on increasing public access opportunities and enlarging public open spaces without attracting large numbers of people in concentrated locations. Only minimal design change is proposed in this conser- vation strategy for Durand Eastman Park. It is recommended tLat access to the park from Lake Shore Boulevard be designed to reduce and concentrate the number oil- park entrances. This would allow for better internal park security and peimit the establishment of several relatively undisturbed wildlife sanctuary-type areas adjacent to the park ponds. Lake Shore Boulevard would also receive some regrading and landscape treat- ment. Under a conservation strategy, the shoreline should be available for passive recreation but de-@oid ,of any facility development. Development Strategy - Illustrative Plan An orientation on the development potentials of the coastal zone area aoes not imply a total disregard for conservation needs but places a larger environmental stress on the coastal zone by the continued development of the port, commercial growth (in Charlotte and ad- jacent to the river and lakeshore), and at the potential for higher levels of residential growth. One common aspect with the conservation scheme is the emphasis on recreational development. In contrast with the conser- vation scheme, public and private open space and natural resource efforts are not actively pursued, except as provided for in current and pending legislation; as-a result, the public role and financial commitment are reduced, while private development efforts are promoted. A schematic representation of this development strategy is presented in the accompanying "-Illustrative Plan" graphics. In direct contrast to the conservation strategy, the development strategy would encourage the expansion of -116- PEDESTRIAN LINK 9 Urr@ap- ax;w'-mj -3@rztesn 0 A.A" -.u.3 jm-L r)each aevelofn@nt proer%@n Cliff -Adloilizalmyl fro@rwn TREATMENT t4. 0 Improve the -4 IT TERFAIN TRANS 0 Iakroeluxc plavlil,3 byA '.1reaL f@mihxa. Terw-@ ;.r.-W F SCREEN 10, COMMERCIAL CROSSROAD Frcm,,L,- t@c, --pwi4ltj cermemi&L zcne- Wqh RAILROAD hi;4q. 6i%inj F-t -Je7iel@-me,@4@ 14 --.,r4t. t. iriteASiCy i;z Area, ai@a RIVERWALK 4- LIGHTHOUSE rnr cluJr, o 0 eve t r.:@, wcuLi ir PARK -=-i t 9 -1). 1 -.Ae- Kou RAILFIOAD STX@TION DIKE DISPOSAL AREA '@Acle for future 0 can prq NATURE CENTER/CAMP recreation area - marina--@, plels and 00'er cjaq use cdc Uel., over K -ikoreine tr TRAIL DEVELOPMENT e as eynez%t nr-A Lrallir. SEWAGE Recianal pot exitiai TREATME PLANT 0 AN PA OURANr3 EAS M I.AttinLeLin &,,renl. 1,41-- .,F @ > mainLam Visual @ccx-- (00 M-twn PON b,* nva; r"e" C2 -czr- ENTRY ed?,C, 0 I k lip ;I'q', the commercial port facilities. While the grounds and facilities would be screened from adjacent uses, port activity would be permitted to increase. Ontario Beach Park would be rehabilitated to include improved recreational and service-related facilities. The park would serve as the terminus of a rail transit line from downtown Rochester. Another more passive- oriented park would be developed near the historic lighthouse with connections to a.riverwalk system and neighborhood commercial center at Latta Street. A riverwalk system and some associated commercial ser- vices are also proposed on both sides of the Genesee River-at the foot of the harbor-breakwaters. In this strategy the shoreline at Durand Eastman Park would be permitted to experience greater development. A formal overlook area, scattered parking areas and a restaurant would be developed on the northern side of Lake Shore Boulevard; all bringing greater kc-_,us and access for the Ontario shoreline. Within the park, Durand and Eastman Lakes would be opened for fishing and'limited non-power boating. Furthermore, the day camp facilities adjacent to the sewage treatment plant should be considered for con- version to a nature education center/camp facility. Balanced Use Strategy - Illustrative Plan The consolidation of the environmental benefits of the conservation'strategy and the economic advantages of the development strategy is the concept behind the balanced use strategy. Basic aspects include identifi- cation and management of the major conservation issues (e.g., water quality, public access), shore-related commercial and recreational development which. incorporates the non-vehicular circulation and visual elements of the conservation program, an emphasis on rec:@eational develop- ment of the river, a de-emphasis of.port development, and a low limit to further urban development. A schematic representation of the balanced use strategy is presented in the accompanying "Illustrative Plan" graphics. The current port facilities would, in the balanced use strategy, be consolidated so as to occupy only one-half _119- SHORELINE @CCESB uL:!-.zjs%g cx:s',.r,,a -A4 new wa*.K G-yr:arr--o. 0 Fro 8s f, CORRIDOR TREATMENT 5 rmm Oak w TOWNHr.3usEs rccus-sci mroun4 oonnn soips OmvLAe,4,:*, ever i@f fen . ....... .. LIGHTHOUSE "'VILLAr.El,, Lj @L- -mOUSlNQL.: rver;mn wi %q a fe urc P.,tr?.ir.:3 jara-*r. aroviaea 0 DMdA ul li'* COMMERCIAL ACTIVIT ccrramerciaa 6zawtu-al, LA PEDESTPIAN ACCESS ENTAL EDUCATION ENVIROI%JM CENTER/CAMP DeW49 acce -wauslo 6eic3., ?,iss:ve mv-*cA= R CurrerO-Ij RoLar@ Gun,@";nr- Camp UU:miO. e.,,@@rvmcd -DwLwmw V@ IGH% :1 IMPRovemENTS c*9 OM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT DURAND EAErMAN PARK rer -re sE @m c C;: . ..... . ... ... cl -r-:3N[3S N <; Ot Open ;-o @Jslr.,?I@ fic U-n /* L:@ _7 d./ ------ ENTRY Hi e.. its current land area. Land to the north and south of the port wou ld be available for a variety of new hous- ing construction. A townhouse development with a small'boat harbor and related commercial space is pro- posed for the northern end of the existing Port Authority land. A lighthouse village housing complex is proposed south of the railroad swinq bridge. An extensive riverwalk system would be developed on both, sides.of the river. As in the development strategy, 4 neighborhood commercial center would be located at Latta Street. Facilities at Ontario Beach Park would be upgraded and a shoreline trail --'.-o the wes,1C developed. Lake Shore Boulevard corridor improvements similar to those in the conservation strategy are proposed in Durand Eastman Park. Trail and improved access points to the beach would be developed. Durand and Eastman Lakes within the park would be opened to limited bathing and fishing. Finally, development of an en- vironmental education center/camp is proposed at the site of the existing Rotary Sunshine Camp. ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES The judgment as to which strategy is appropriate for the future of the coastal zone must include considera- tion of environmental and economic costs and benefits. which.result. In addition, selection of a plan should also reflect the need to accommodate unforeseen oppor- tunities and problems. This need "to keep the options open" is particularly.important when the consumption of irretrievable resources, e.g., land, water, wildlife, is involved. To the extent that such resources are consumed, a "no-rettrn" strategy is established. Con- sequently, it is recommended that actions which refrain from resource consumption be regarded as.the base ref- erence for a coastal zone strategy. In other words, it would be "safer" to start with the implementation of the conservation scheme, in terms of conserving natural re- sources, with the phased release of land for development, as needed. The conservation scheme requires an initial public financing program, however, which may require a more conservative approach. Thus, the evaluation of costs is an integral part of strategy selection. Each action has some cost -122- associated with it. There are three criteria for the selection of program actions: o Is the action necessary to accomplish the related coastal zone objec *tive, or will the objective be accomplished in the future anyway? o. What are the total public costs associated with the program action, e.g., the title and maintenance costs associated with the land acquisition?, o Can the actions be accomplished by private interests, rather than at government expense (e.g., public access corridors)? As with all planning efforts, the startin@T point for the evaluation and selection of stratecfi:.7 is an iden- -tification of the costs involved in selecting no course of action, in allowing current trends to continue. The environmental and economic costs associated with the 11status quo" should be compared with the costs of the strategies described above. Each of these alternative strategies is recommended as potentially viable and practical. The selection ofa preferred strategy revolves basically around value- oriented dei--isions. It is our conclusion that the nat-ural and man-made systems operating within the coastal zone can accommo- date this wide range of a@lternatives. Several kev indicators generally found in land carrying capacity concepts support this position. First, it is recognized that the Rochester coastal zone at the north of the Genesee River is primarily an area of high human impact. Today no wetlands or natural estuary configurations are present. The banks of the river furthermore are almost entirely artificial, being lined with bulkheads and marina slips. Secondly, the intensity of urban uses in.the Rochester harbor area has led to the establishment of a well- developed infrastructure of water lines, -sewers, high- ways and rail lines. Within limits such an infra- structure can accommodate greater capacities. -123- Oil PREFERRED STRATEGY PREFERRED STRATEGY RECOMMENDED POLICIES Presented here is a recommended policy strategy for the Rochester Coastal Zone Study Area. This preferred strategy represents Ecoplans' determination of.the most desirable and feasible strategy for the future conserva- tion and use of the coastal zone resources, but should not necessarily be considered as the final policy decision of the City of Rochester or the Coastal Zone Advisory Group. In summary, th.is recommended strategy provides a suit- .able balance of conservation interests and developmental interests. The 'location and existi ng development of the Rochester Coastal Zone Area precludes adoption of a preservation- oriented conservation policy. The term "conservation" implies management action - and, in this particular in- stance, refers to management actions that will est-ab- lish the best use of the natural resources available in the coastal area. This includes rehabilitative mea- sures as well as those measures needed to protect nat- ura, resources from environme ntal degradation. On the other hand, the Rochester Coastal Zo,ne Area rep- resents a zone of considerable interest to both public and private developmental organizations, as is reflected in the pressures for utilization of the area for resi- dential, commercial and industrial activity. Lack of decisive public policies regarding the use of the area could easily lead to uncontrolled development at den- sities that would cause extensive adverse environmental impacts - which in many ways could destroy the very qualities which m ake the coastal area attractive for development for human use. The objective of the recommended strategy is to achieve a proper blend of management policy and action - one which will retain and improve the natural resource quali- ties and potentials and at the same time permit positive physical, social and economic change. The recommended policy strategy focuses on the implica- tions of the above general use policy in terms of more specific policies for the management of functional resources and concerns including land, water, port -124- development, public access, fish and wildlife, erosion control and power generation. The recommended policies for each of these functional resources and concerns follow. Port Development General Policy: o To provide for a limited level of Port activity com- mensurate with economic demand and maintain water transport as a viable option for-goods and people movement to and from the region. Specific Area Policies: o Reorganizing the port development and management function and inteqiating the port planning with overall regional transportation plans. o Designate current lands under lease to the Port Authority as a coastal area planned unit development. o Provision of areas and facilities for the optional use of the port area for recreational small craft. o. Maintain J-11arbor depths for commercial shipping as' currently delineated. o Exclusion of bulk goods movement and storage from public port development areas. o Provision of visual buffers to separate the port use areas from adjacent residential and park and recrea- tion areas. Land Use General Policy: o To maintain a balanced mixture of land use activity in the coastal zone. Specific Area Policies: o Maintain low density residential character of the Charlotte community. 0 Prevent further encroachment of non-conforming com- mercial uses on Lake Avenue and eliminate existing non-conforming uses. -125- o Provide a Charlotte Community Center and commercial/ institutional district focused on the intersection of Lake Avenue and Latta Street. o Provide additional area for new moderate to high density residential development within walking dis- tance of the Community Center, the Genesee River, Ontario Beach Park and existing and planned public transit stops. o Provide area for limited light industrial and/or port-related commercial use. 0 Retain existing public park and recreation areas-and provision of new public open space areas related to potential public access points and ecologically significant wetlands and other sensitive areas. Water Resources General Use Policy: o To provide for the upgrading and maintenance of water quality commensurate -,qith the highest and best use of the coastal waters within the best technological means available. Specific Use- Policies: o Prevention of pollution of off-shore waters of the Rochester Embayment. o Prohibition of possible sources of pollutants of shore- line waters - including diked disposal of dredging spoil and upgrading of shoreline water quality to "B" standards and criteria. 0 Upgrading of the Lower Genesee River water quality to "SB" standards and criteria. 0 Elimination of sources of pollutants in the Lower Genesee and periodic evaluation of trends in water quality conditions. 0 Protection of all ponds in the Durand Eastman Park and establishment of base line water quality data for each pond. o Protection of all streams and natural drainage courses tributary to the coastal waters from siltation, pollu- tants, or other environmental disturbance. -126- Public Access and Recreation General Policy: o, To achieve the full potential for the expansion of public access to all areas of the Rochester Coastal Zone and provide expanded active and passive recrea- tional opportunities in suitable coastalzone areas. Specific Area Policies: o Improvement of Ontario Beach Park as a major active recreational day use area. o Provision of linear, pedestrian and/or bicycling public accc:ss systems paralleling the Lake edge and both sides of the River shoreline. o Provision of linkages between the linear access sys tem and the interior street pattern at frequent intervals, as well as linkages to major activity centers, and visual and historic points of interest. o, Maintenance of the existing recreational facilities in Durand Eastman Park, as primarily a passive and low intensity active recreational use area. 0 Development of the potential sport'fishingxesources of the coastal area. o Prevention of further encroachment of Durand Eastman Park for public purposes othe-1- than recreation and conservation activities. Fish and Wildlife General Policy: o To protect existing fish and wildlife resources-of the coastal zone area and to restore, as possible, natural-habitat conditions for native fish and wild- life species. Specific Area Policies: 0 Protection of all remaining waters, wetlands, and forest habitats from further disturbance and pollution.- 0 Improve the classification of fish and wildlife habi- tat resources on the basis of detailed analysis of -127- ecological base line data. � Provision of wildlife management to ensure optimum population levels through controlled hunting, fish ing and trapping programs. � Establishment of designated wildlife sanctuary zones in areas of low intensity public use. Erosion Control General Policy: o To protect the soil and beach resources of the coastal zone and prevent the siltation of waterways. Specific Area Policies: o Preserve and stabilize the existing bluff shoreline areas to protect property- o Control erosion in the upland watersheds of Durand Eastman tributaries to preserve environmental quality and prevent siltation of natural or man-made drainage features. o Regulate all development and construction activity in coastal zone throughlegally adopted erosion control measures. Electric Power Generation General Policy: 0 To minimize the use of the coastal zone land and water resources for the purposes of electric power generation. Specific Use Policies: 0 Establish strict controls governing the discharge of thermal water pollution resulting from the Russell and Beebee generating facilities. o Prevent the construction of overhead power transmission lines within the coastal zone. -128- RECOMMENDED DEVELOPMENT PLAN Presented in this section is a description and discus- sion of a schematic design representation of Ecoplans' recommended development proposals for the Rochester Coastal Zone. The proposed land use activities and resource treatment/management programs for each of the major elements of design will be discussed. Plan for the Mouth of the Genesee River o Lake Avenue Corridor One of the most significant elements within the Rochester Coastal Zone area is the transportation or movement corridor alonq Lake Avenue. This ac- tivity spine provides the most direct connection between the Rochester CBD-and the Lake Ontario Shore, generally paralleling the Genesee River. Its importance will be reinforced.in the future since Lake Avenue-is proposed as a corridor for a light rail rapid transit facility. Lake Avenue is currently serving a wide variety of uses from manufacturing and commercial to residen- tial. The visual impact to one passing through the corridor is one of disorder and in need of organi- zation'. A treatment is proposed along the corridor which would include: a street tree planting pro- gram; coordination of signage,on storefronts and entrance drives; introduction of benches, trash receptacles and other street furniture; establish- ment of pedestrian shelters and kiosks at key loca- tions along the avenue and coordination of liqhting fixtures. Such a corridor treatment would lend it- self to a short-term or phased self-improvement programs and is therefore dealt with as an early item in the action program. The corridor treatment is envisioned as a unique physical expres S4 Lon which will enhance the area's -1 image, improve its function and thereby benefit area residents.as well as the commercial enterprises. o Beach Avenue Corridor Beach Avenue forms a secondary corridor parallel to Lake Ontario and extends the vehicular and pedes- trian connection from the terminus of Lake Avenue -129- ACCFSS SHORELINE IUD sell SL ej,L v@om 7 -Z7----- 7iz-j- ;zt 2z or Lna bY Co 'Wn @7 - - Strce-(,. f L r 4z@ IT --7-- --TOW HOUSES--'--"-'T1- r Ve- t k. ;Q7 viJeJonriver for mn L. 9 Aoorinc3 slij;,6 Frb 0 Comyne-raiat u,.-ea provide bvi@'er between port, Mei t/,-Wnhouse Dre-M, LIGHTHOUSE"VILLAGE"' --,f 0 u S I N G rioe axii 5 kis@oric- 1@t%U@@oc ez n o bre parl-ciro* ded to &--mer V`a I ana MA diSCoKLjjj-rjc Jjn@@ COMMERCIAL ACTIVIT ;,6e- n"h1corhoocl Ievel. -Ina- west toward the Town of Greece. A treatment simi- lar to that proposed for the Lake Avenue corridor is recommended for Beach Avenue. The Beach Avenue area is'essentially single-family residential in character and much of it is currently planted with street trees. It is recommended that a program be established to reinforce and maintain the street trees and that they be introduced in areas where there are none existing. The sidewalk development along the north side of Beach Avenue is currently incomplete and requires connecting sections. In addition, the incorporation of benches, pedestrian scaled graphics, kiosks and trash receptacles would further reinforce the character and use of the street. Connections can be developed from Beach Avenue to the existing shoreline walk system as indicated on the plan. The rights-of-way are extensions of the existing street pattern and only require physical- development of walks, steps and planting. The shoreline walk system currently exists only along the westernmos4- section of the shoreline. It is recommended that the pedestrian system be com- pleted to the Ontario Beach Park thus providing a continuous shoreline walk from the GeneseeRiver o the City limat. Future plans should also west t L 4 U be developed to continue this system westerly to the Russell Station area, a po-@Dular fishing point. 0 Ontario Beach Park Efforts must continue on a local and regional basis to upgrade the quality of the lake in order that facilities such as this park, which focuses primar- ily on Lake Ontario, may begin to properly serve the public. The park has been closed to bathers for a number of years. In order-to utilize the existing facilities and stimulate interest in the shore it is recommended that the bathhouses be ren- ovated and that an outdoor swimming pool be devel- oped. Such a development could serve as a nucleus of new activity and renewed interest in the park. A furtherexpansion designed to promote use would include popular court games such as tennis or paddle tennis. Once a renewal of interest in the area is estab- lished, it is proposed that several shops and rest- aurants be encouraged to lease space within the park. These shops and restaurants should be related to both the active recreationists as well as to the passive recreationists who can be expected to visit the park. The following shops could be included: tennis/swim shop; hiking equipment; souvenirs; fast food and full-service restaurant. The Beach Avenue terminus at the Genesee River should be clearly developed with a vehicular cul- de-sac which separates cars from pedestrians and provides an appropriate area for a pedestrian over- look. The area is well suited as an overlook since fine views upriver to the yacht basins and to the river mouth are available from this vantage point. Successful development can be limited to the intro- duction of shade trees, benches and railings for the safety of the public. This overlook area could also provide for a bait/fishing tackle shop to serve the fishermen which also frequent this portion of the park. It is,recomme*nded that a "riverwalk" be de- veloped along the entire Genesee River edge of the park to provide walking and fishing access along the river as well as providing a connection between the overlook and'the beach and breakwater. The major parking area which serves Ontario Beach Park should be upgraded by improvement to the cir- culation pattern, coordination witb.the Beach Avenue cul-de-sac and the introduction of shade trees and perimeter earth mounds and screen planting. A transit terminal is recommended to be located at Lake and Beach Avenues where it can serve the park population as well as the marina housing-and other nearby residential areas. o Marina Townhouses The northern portion of the Port Authority facili- ties is recommended to be developed for medium den- sity housing, commercial and recreational uses. The northernmost area would be developed for approx- ima'tely 60 units of townhouses or garden apartments. Their primary focus would be the Genesee River and the marina and secondarily upon the interior courts formed by the configuration of the buildings. Ve- hicular access would be provided from Lake Avenue while pedestrian connections would be provided both to the Lake Avenue corridor and to the "riverwalk" along the Genesee River. -132- 0 Marina The marina focal point will serve the residents of the adjacent townhouses as well as provide for pri- vate rentals. Mooring slips are provided along the river in addition to those within the off-river marina. Approximately 150 boats can be accommo- dated in the facilities described in the plans. This shelter marina affords an opportunity to in- clude a boat launch ramp facility. It is envisioned that commercial services can pro- vide a buffer and transition between the marina and townhouses and the port facility. Some of these commercial facilities would be directly related to the marina and include fishing facilities, repair services and storage for boats. Additionally, food service, drugs and restaurants would be available for boaters and other visitors to the area. The riverwalk" system should traverse the perimeter of the marina and offer access to the boat piers as well as the shops. o Port Facilities In recognition of the potential which exists for some degree of port operation (currently under study), the southern segment of the existing Port Authority lands is recommended to be devoted to consolidated port use. _This portion of the port relates directly to the rail services which exist along the port's southern edge. The consolidated port operation is proposed to utilize one of the warehouses on the site and approximately six acres of open yards accessible to both rail and road via Lake Avenue. Depending upon a revised future oper- ation and related program needs, several building sites are available to supplement the warehouse, if required. The potential for a roll-on, roll-off cargo operation has been suggested and it is esti- mated that it can operate reasonably within the re- -ential associated maining storage yards. Another pot with the port and perhaps in combination with the roll-off cargo operation is the operation of a pas- senger day-liner which could handle tourists between Rochester and Toronto. Such a use would provide a unique attraction to the riverfront area as well as a profitable commercial venture. The northern end of the port warehouse building near the mouth of the marina provides an ideal site for docking of the Tassenger ship and group fishing charter boats where it is convenient to both the commercial shops and -133- the riverwalk system. The northern edge of the consolidated port facilities should be defined by an earth mound screen and planting which would clearly separate the marina commercial facilities from the port operations. A similar planting screen is recommended for incorporation along the Lake Avenue side of the'port facility. The existing railroad would define the southern edge. o Lighthouse Park Housing An opportunity exists along the area immediately south of the railroad for high density housing and passive recreation. It is recommended that four high-rise towers of housing (100 units per tower) be esta'blished for development of this area., The residential complex could take advantaqe of the unique riverfront location which provides panoramic views to the river and the lake as well as the in.- teresting activity of the marinas and the port op- eration. Direct vehicular access is provided from Lake Avenue and parking is provided in a garage structure and within the lower levels of the tower units. Pedestrians will be provided rapid transit by the nearby transit terminal. Further connections to the Genesee River "riverwalk" are offered to the housing development. The river side of the housing complex is largely an open space which provides a park-like setting and transition to the Genesee River as well as a reasonable buffer to the railroad along the north. An historical architectural focal point, the old lighthouse, can be maintained near the center of this facility while allowing for public access, both vehicular and pedestrian along Lighthouse Street. Direct pedestrian connections are proposed from the housing and lighthouse areas to both Lake ..Avenue and the riverwalk system. o Latta Road Commer cial The existing commercial crossroads located at Lake Avenue and Latta Road should be reinforced to serve the neighborhood as it is proposed and some infill development will be required to provide the conven- ient shopping needs of the Lighthouse Park housinq@ areas. Latta Road allows for a loqical commercial extension from the Lake Avenue crossroad to the riverwalk where activities can terminate at the _134- railroad station which is recommended to be retained and rehabilitated. This area also provides the second location within the-Rochester Coastal Zone for a transit stop along its route from Ontario Beach Park to the CBD. 0 Riverwalk The pedestrian system referred to throughout this discussion, is proposed to be developed along the entire length of the Genesee River, interrupted on- ly by the-port facilities and perhaps then only in- termittently, depending upon the ultimate program. This system would provide for both pedestrians and bicycles and can be characterized as separate hard surfaced trails and walks, occasionally shaded by trees and protected at the river edge by a railing. The walks would be expanded occasionally to provide for seating areas offering views to the various river activities. Services including shelters, in- formational signage, kiosks and telephone should also be included at-regular intervals along the riverwalk. Connections from all of the adjacent land uses should be encouraged to promote the system to realize its fullest potential. As the Genesee River Plan in the areas south of this study area materializes,- extensions of the riverwalk should be considered as an early element of implementation. 0 East Shore Advantage should be taken of the river frontage cur- rently in public holdings to-provide public access along the east shore of the river. The few con-mier- cial parcels including a restaurant should be en- couraged to be improved and serve to attract visitors from the nearby yacht club and 'the adjacent residential neighborhoods. The riverwalk should provide a connection to the breakwater for the use of fishermen. Future plans should consider extend- ing pedestrian access from the riverwalk east along the Lake Ontario shore to the Durand Eastman Park. Plan for Durand Eastman Park 0 Lakefront The beach area affords excellent opportunities for passive recreation. The beach is narrow and inten- sive active recreation is not feasible unless large -135- sums of monies were expended to fill'and widen the beach. However, with only minimal treatment the beach can be utilized for strolling, birdwatching, informal picnicing, unsupervised swimming and per- haps even duck hunting during the early winter. months. Several access points to the beach from small park- ing lots along Lake Shore Blvd. should be developed and formalized. Such access points can be estab- lished with a minimal amount of regrading and con- struction of physical structures. The unused Hojack railroad line should be abandoned and transformed into a linear trail/bikeway system extending f'L7-om the Genesee River to Irondequoit Bay. Various vantage points along this trail present ex- cellent vistas overlooking Lake Ontario. Short side trails leading off from the railroad bed to the higher bluff areas should be developed to capture the unique vistas. A bluff and beach stabilization program should be established along the entire length of the shoreline to retard the-current erosion and cliff undermining. o- La'ke Shore Blvd. Corrjidor The area along Lake Shore Blvd. recently disturbed. by the construction of a sewer line should be land- scaped to improve its general appearance and to re- inforce the natural motif of Ourand Eastman Park. Two or three 'small'parking lots for 25-30 cars should be developed on the north side of Lake Shore Blvd. at beach and trail access points. In associ- ation with these.parking areas and trailheadsclear- ly identified crosswalks should extend across Lake Shore Blvd. to safely link pedestrian traffic from the Park interior to the shorefront. It is recommended that vehicular-access to the park @be better controlled for improved traffic safety and park security. Along Lake Shore Blvd. the existing six park entrances should be reduced to two focal points, Ring's Highway and Pine Val-ley Road. En- trances at Sunset Point Road, Horseshoe Curve Drive, Log Cabin Road and Zoo Road should be closed and where possible linked to an interior park circula- tion system. To accommodate the increased traffic at the primary park entrances traffic lights and/or acceleration/deceleration lanes are required. -136- PED ESTRIIXN ACCESS ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ._CENTER/CAMP _oevel':@.'@mccesoe*waijs to 6e," de elopjae@L R V C u r @P_ nV PoLar@3 Guy.enine Camp is for 71(; L v Z_ 0 IGHWAY CORR R IMPROVEMENTS W _8EWAGE.-j TmsNT.- REA NT PLA 0: EAS RK MAN PA .:f.'PURAW G Iff .aA 0 L 4, a......... ... .... 7- 7 13 N S, W1 Mn Opk- 4" pen to fjs%l-rv3 oi .ENTRY- 's, eA@txa The secondary entrances along the southern and east- AD, ern approaches to the park should be physically im- proved to establish an increased "sense of arrival" and.to facilitate park security. A coordinated, attractive and informative graphic system should be developed for vehicular traffic along Lake Shore Blvd. o Park Interior and Ponds No significant change or expansion of current levels of recreational activity is recommended in the pre- ferred strategy plan-, These existing recreational activities include: picnicing, gol-*nq .r.l . , hiking and cross-country skiing. The high quality of current ion, of course, should contin- maintenance and operat4 ue in the park. A manaaement program for control and protection of the existing deer herd in the park vicinity should be considered. Such a program might provide for a short bow hunting season within the park. The pure water sewage treatment plant may in the future need to expand its facilities. Any expansion should only occur under strong environmental and aesthetic guidelines. To the east of the sewage treatment plant lies a day camp facility. The opportunities presented by the topography, its physical structures and its geographic separation from other park activities suggests that greater utilization should be made of facilities, such as an improved and expanded day camp or even an environmental education and research center/camp. A nature trail system in Durand East- man Park should be planned and developed in con- junction with the latter proposal. The following is a brief description of plans for the water bodies and wetlands within the park. Tamarack Swamp - This cattail marsh should be pre- served as a sanctuary area. A management program should be developed to maintain the emergent aquatic habitat principally preventing further vegetative encroachment. _138- Durand Lake and Eastman Lake These water bodies should be opened on a limited and controlled basis, for-some recreational activities. Small boat docks and a rental concession for canoes and rowboats could be established at the northern end of each lake. Fishing would then be permitted on the lakes and from certain points along the shore. In order to maintain a constant water level to pro- tect shoreline vegetation more adequate outflow control structures should be constructed. Lily Pond - This emergent aquatic habitat should be preserved as a sanctuary area with a management program to prevent further vegetative encroachment. Sherry Swamp and Johnson Pond - A manaqement program for waterfowl habitat improvement should be developed for these ponds. in addition.they should be desig- nated as sanctuary ponds. -139- MAR A A Em E IRA ENT AND DEVELOPME5MIT ACTIO-1 M PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT.ACTION PROGRAM GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS The policy and development plan component of the previous section presented "what" the recommended coastal strategy should accomplish. This management and action program document presents the means for implementing that policy .and plan. The Management Action Program consists of several parts: .o Description of a management structure for implementing coastal zone strategy. o Organizaticnal, administrational management and specific action programs for establishing intergovernmental co- ordinates and communicates mechanisms, and develop capital and operating programs and regulatory approaches for legal cont'rol. o Effectuation Actions showing the priority, funding source and schedule for the implementation of the recommended Specific Program Actions. The Development Action Program presents the means for imple- menting Ecoplan's recommended.development or illustrative plan. The following three general recommendations establish the foundation for the Management and Development Actions programs.. We recommend the Genesee Finger Lakes Region Coastal Zone Policy Committee be established to coordinate the coastal zone policy planning of the Genesee Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board, Orleans, Monroe, and Wayne Counties and the coastal municipalities including the City of Rochester. In .Recommendation addition to representatives from #1 these units, the Policy Committee should include representation from the Federal Government Departments of Commerce and Interior, and the U. S. Corps of Engineers, Environmental Protection Agency and the USDA Soil Conservation Service; and from the New York State Department of State, Environmental Conservation, and -140- Transpor*tation, Parks and Re creation, as well as N. Y. State Public Service Commission. Within the overall regional coastal zone area, we believe the Rochester Coastal Zone represents a unique re- source and should receive high priority in terms of planning. In this area, the basic concern is remedial and re- Recommendation habilitative rather than preventative. #2 Its central location, high accessibility _L --resulting in and existing development its intensive use7 -requires more detailed policy and program planning, and a higher level of financial commitment than the less developed, outlying areas of the regional coastal zone. The relationship of the Rochester Coastal Zone with the region's major river body-- the Genesee--is another aspect of con- siderable concern. We recommend that future coastal zone program sponsorship of policy and program planning in this' Reconmendation area must take greater coc ,rnizance of #3 the Genesee River as a major coastal zone resource, and we recommend that the coastal zone boundary definition. be amended to include at least that portion of the river that extends to the Lower Falls. MANAGEMENT ACTION PROGRAM Management Structure An objective of this Coastal Zone Management Program is to establish a clearly defined administrative coordination and review process to implement coastalzone policy. The coastal zone does not suffer from a lack of management activity, for there are many federal, state, regional, county and local agencies operating programs within the Rochester Coastal Zone. Rather the problem is perceived as insufficient coordination and concerted effort. The primary intend of this management program is thus not to. reduce or eliminate the authority or activity of any one agency but to coordinate and increase communications be- tween them. A schematic representation of this coastal zone management concept is presented in the accompanying graphic. _141- RET AT SEC' -ADI G F LAKES REG'L GENESEE FINGER LAKES Ir PLANN,,ING STAFF COASTAL ZONE POLICY COMMITTEE R 0 C H E S'J"' I ER COASTAL ZONE MONROE ORLEANS WAYNE DEV. UNIT COUNTY COUNTY COUNTY ADVISORY GROUPS NATURAL ilPUBLIC iHEARINGS RESOURCES LAND LLEDER:-@L/STATE/REGIONAL/COUNTY & LOCAL AGENCIES. (SPECIAL EXPERTISS& STAFF POOL) COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT CONCEPT The development of specific management programs for the various functional activities remain with the individual federal, state, regional, county, local and private groups. For the management process each are asked to establish liaison with a newly created Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit within the Rochester Department of Com- munity Development. This liaison is principally a communication-channel that permits and encourages informa- tion flows in both directions. As an agency develops its specific plans and programs for -the, Rochester Coastal Zone, it should report on progress and specific decis'ions to the Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit and vice versa. Mandatory liaison and reporting would involve legal and legislative difficulties. It is hoped that a voluntary, but officially designated liaison system would work, and at the same time involve minimal operational expenses. The Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit is envisioned as.a special but permanent.staff unit within the Department of Community Development, charged with,initiating and reviewing management prc,.-,Trarr).s within an expanded Rochester Coastal Zone Area. This unit could-either be established within the Departments of Bureau of Planning or Bureau of Redevelopment. Staffing would normally require only one or two r.2rsonnel. *th a liaison from the The unit would establish contact %@d other principal governmental agencies having projects or programs effecting the Rochester Coastal Zone. This unit might publish periodic newsletters reporting on .activities of itself and other agencies. As an arm of Rochester's Development Agency, this unit would be responsible for operating specific coastal zone development plans and policies. For specific develop- ment projects within its jurisdiction, the unit would seek .developers and/or project funding. In addition, the unit would develop boundaries and criteria for specific development actions. To assist the Rochester Coast Zone Development Unit in its activities, there would be the newly formed technical advisory groups; one with natural resource expertise and concerns, and another with physical, social and economic land development expertise. The technical advisory groups mi'ght meet monthly to review specific proqram proposals submitted by the coastal zone development unit. The groups would be composed of staff representatives from various government agencies. -143- The formation of two technical advisory groups are recom- mended.because of the basic and often conflicting subject matters. It will remain the task of.the coastal zone development unit to resolve separate and conflitting advice. The Natural Resource Advisory Group might include repre sentatives of the following agencies: 0 Rochester Environmental Management Council 0 Monroe County Envirnomental Management Council 0 Monroe County Department ofHealth 0 Monroe County Pure Waters 0 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation o U. S. Army Corps of Engineers 0 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 0 U. S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. The Land Development Advisory Group might include repre- sentatives of the following agencies: 0 Rochester Department of Parks and Recreation 0 Rochester Department of Public Works 0 Rochester-Monroe County Port Authority 0 Monroe County Water Authority 0 Monroe County Department of Public Wor,ks 0 Monroe County Department of Planning 0 Monroe County Department of Health 0 Monroe County Pure Waters 0 Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority 0 N. Y. State Department of Transportation 0 N. Y. State Public Service Commission 0 Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Staff. _144- To further assist the coastal zone development unit, liaisons with community and citizen interest groups should be established. Public hearings should also be held early in the program development process. The Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit might serve adequately as a model for the establishment of similar units within the County Planning Departments of Monroe, Orleans, and Wayne. Specific management structures within each of these counties are currently being evaluated within their respective coastal zone studies. In any case, the Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit should establish immediate and close liaison with the Monroe County Depart- .ment of Planning. To coordinate all coastal policy planning activity within the rea ,ion,-we propose the establishment of a Genesee/ Finger Lakes region coastal zone policy committee. This committee might include representatives of the following groups: o Genesee/Finger Lakes.Regional Planning Board o Wayne County Planning Board o Orleans County Planning Board o Monroe County Planning Board o Rochester Coastal- Zone Development Unit o. U.S. Department of Interior @o U.S. Department of Commerce o U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 0 U.S. Environmental- Protection AgencyI o U.S. Department Of Agriculture - Soil Conservation Service 0 N.Y.S. Department of Environmental Conservation o N.Y.S. Department of Parks and Recreation o N.Y.S. Public Service Commission This policy committee could perhaps make arranqements with the Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board for the assistance of the latter's planning staff for periodic staffing requirements. Organizational, Administrational Management, and Specific Action Program Port Development Program: o Organizational and Administrative Management Actions PDO-1 Abolish -the Rochester-Monroe County Port Authority. _145- PDO-2 Establish a Port Development unit within the Rochester Genesee Regional Transportation Authority to integrate port development and planning with other regional transportation plans and programs. PDO-3 Designate a staff member of the Port Develop- ment unit as liaison to the Roches-ter Department of Community Development Coastal Zone Development Unit. o Specific Program Actions POP-1 Prepare a comprehensive economic market demand analysis of port requirements of the Genesee Fin4er Lakes Region. POP-2 Evaluate alternate economic and site location strategies for the provision of port develop- ment facilities including bulk and general cargo, passenger ferry service, fishing and recreational needs. POP-3 Coord-inate study findings with the U. S. Corps of Engineers and New York State Department of- Transporation. POP-4 Conduct public hearings to present and review alternative and recommended strategies for port development. POP-5 Evaluate community response and prepare and periodically update a master plan for the capital construction and operation of port facilities. POP-6 Evaluate alternate strategies for the financing of required port facilities and for the day to day operational management of the port. POP-7 Draft and secure federal, state and local legislation as required. Land Use Program: o Organizational and Administrative Management Actions LUO-1 Designate a member of the Monroe County Planning Department as liaison to the Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit. -146- LUO-2 Designate a member of. the Genesee-Finger Lakes Regional Planning Board staff as a liaison to the Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit. LUO-3 Establishment of a Rochester Coastal Area Land Development Advisory Coiiunittee to assist the Rochester Department of Community Development Coastal Zone Development Unit. o Specific Program Actions LUP-1 Conduct public meetings to present and review the alternative' and recommended management strategies for the Rochester Coastal Zone Area. LUP-2 -Evaluate community response@and prepare and periodically update a land use plan for the Rochester Coastal Zone Area. LUP-3 Preparation of a planned area development renewal program and market analysis for the lands occupied by the Port Authority. LUP-Ix Preparation of a planned area development program and market analysis for the Charlotte Community Center area. LUP-15 Completion of 'Land acquisition for 'Che Genesee River Wilderness Park. LUP-6 Feasibility evaluation of spot acquisition program to.eliminate non-conforming uses along Lake Avenue. LUP-7 Activation of zoning ordinance chanqes to provide conformance with the coastal zone land use plan. Water Quality Program: 0 Organization and Administrative Management Actions WQO-l Establishment of a Rochester Coastal Area Natural Resources Advisory Committee consisting of representatives of state, county and local agencies, to assist the Rochester Department of Community Development Coastal Zone Develop- ment Unit. a Specific Program Actions WQP-l Prepare a coordinated program for continued periodic water quality testing to -147- acquire reliable baseline data on agreed- upon parameters from fixed sampling locations in the lower Genesee River, along the immediate Rochester shoreline, off-shore in the Rochester Embayment area, and the ponds and tributary streams of Durand Eastman Park. WQP-@2 Continued development of predictive water quality models of the coastal zone waters. WQP-3 Periodic review and assessment of existing quality classifications of coastal zone waters. WQP-4 Advancement of the program to eliminate direct storm drain discharge into the Genesee River and continuation of the program to separate sanitary and storm drain systems serving the coastal areas. WQP-5 Provision of more accessible facilities for the discharge of marine holding tanks. t4 WQP-6 Promo Lon of a public Water Quality Awareness Program and the encouragement of voluntary citizen activity in the location and monitoring of pollutant source points. WQP-7 Enactment of legal controls to prevent dis- turbance, degradation and siltation of streams and ponds. WQP-8 Continued enforcement of water pollution con-' trol and abatement legislation. Public Access and Recreation Program: o organizational and Administrative Management Actions PARO-1 Designate a member of the Monroe County Parks Department as.liaison to the Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit.. PARO-2 Designate a member of the Rochester Parks and Recreation Department as liaison to the Rochester Coastal Zone Development Unit. o Specific Program Actions PARP-1 Prepare specific recreational master plans for Ontario Beach and Durand Eastman*Parks. -148- PARP-2 Negotiate a railroad bed abandon plan with the New York State Department of Transportation. PARP-3 Initiation of public acquisition or right of way easement plan for expanded shoreline and riverwalk., PARP-4 Conduct public hearing to present and review the access and recreation plans. PARP-5 Coordinate with the Monroe County Sheriff's Department and Rochester City Police a public safety and police patrol program for the coastal zone. Fish and Wildlife Program: 7, C -1.- 4 o Organizational and Administrative Management M. L-Lons FWO-1 Establish a Rochester Area Natural Resource Advisory Committee as described above. FWO-2 Designate a staff member of the New York State V 4 Department of En =onmental Conservation Region VII as liaison to the Rochester Depart-, ment of Community Development Coastal Zone Development Unit. 0 Specific Program Actions FWP-1 Promote envirnomental education programs and faculty development within the coastal zone. FWP-2 Promote fishery studies for the Genesee River with the Department of EnvironMental-Conser- vation. FWP-3 Identify habitat areas within the proposed expanded coastal zone boundaries. FWP-4 Prepare a coordinated proqram for continued monit@orinq of habitat areas in Durand Eastman Park in conjunction with stream protection and water quality efforts. FWP-5 Initiate a management program for control of deer herd in Durand Eastman Park area. FW`P_6 Promote waterfowl habitat improvements in water bodies of Durand Eastman Park. -149- Erosion Control Program: o organizational and.Adm"lnistrative Management Actions ECO-1 Establish a Rochester area Natural Resource Committee as described above. Specific Program Actions ECP-1 Adopt erosion and sediment control ordinances after Monroe County's model. ECP-2 Review and monitor soil and shoreline erosion studies as they become available and promote with Sea Grant broader studies, especially for the development of.bluff, stabilization proqrams. ECP-3 Develop a coordinated program with Town of Irondequoit for erosion control within the Durand Eastman Park Watersheds. Electric Generation Facilities Program: 0 Organizational and Administrative Management Actions EGFO-l Designate a staff -member of the Rochester Gas and Electric Company as liaison to the Rochester Department of Community Development Coastal Zone Development Unit. o Specific Program Actions EGFP-1 Monitoring of program to include solid waste as fuel for the Russell Station power Facility, include the assessmen-E of potential impacts of traffic generation and air emissions. EGFP-2 Monitor long range plans to replace existing facilities and transmission lines for their potential impact on the coastal zone area. 4 EGFP-3 Mon-1-tor thermal discharges in coordination with water quantities and fisheries develop- ment effects. _150- Priority, Funding and Schedulinq of Organizational and Specific Program Actions This section further describes the recommended organiza- tional and program action in terms of: 0- Priority To what extent do other actions depend on this action, or are the actions independent activities, or both? N Ne cessary to support other future actions. D Dependent on prior action N/D Both.necessary and dependent 0 Funding What programs are available, and what "avenues" of funding are open to support the actions? Potential Source of Needed Funding k, Federal program available S = State program available L = Local program available P Other, private or public sources available Type of Needed Funding 0 Operational costs, associated with continuous monitoring programs or similar activity. C One-time capital expense, such as for facilities or program initiation. _151- 0 Scheduling What actions are "early actions", as opposed to "follow up" activities and why, and which actions are continuous? Timina I = Immediate action start-up E = Early action; as part of program initiation F Follow-up action, to be set in motion after other actions are started or as data and/or funds are avail- able. Timing.1 Zationale Why actions are "early actions" or "follow-up" activities. p Priority, timing of action dependent on need in rela- tion to other actions. f = Funding needs determine timing. d = Data needs determine timing. Using the coding described above the following list indicates the priority, funding and scheduling characteristics of recommended program actions. -152- Action Plan Priority/Funding and Scheduling Functional organizational Priority Funding Scheduling Area or Program Actions ORGANIZATION: Port PDO-- 1- Development Abolish Port Authority N/D NA Ed PDO-2 Est@ftbliish Port N LO Epf Dev. Unit within Regional Transportation Authority PDO-3 Designate staff N NA Ep liaison PROGRAM: PDP-l Port feasibility study N/D LO if PDP-2 Evaluation of N LO EP economic location strategies PDP-3 Coord. study finding's N LO Ep With US,Corps and D.O.T. PDP-4 Conduct public hearing N LO Ep PDP-5 Evaluate community N LO EP, response and update plan. PDP-6 Evaluate financing N LO EP strategies oper. and capital PDP-7 ,Draft and secure approp. N Fpf legislation -153- Functional Organizational Priority Funding Scheduling Area or Program Actions ORGANIZATION: Land Use LUO-1 Designate County Liaison N N/A Ep LUO-2 Designate Region Liaison N N/A Ep LUO-3 Establish Land Develop- N/D LO Ip ment Advisory Committee PROGRAM: LUP-1 Conduct public meetings N LO E LUP-2 Evaluation of community N LO E response, update master plan LUP-3 Prep. of renewal plan N LC E and market analysis for port area LUP-4 Prep. of renewal plan N LC Fpf and market analysis for Charlotte Center LUP-5 Completion of acquisi- N LC Ff tion for Genesee River Wilderness Park LUP-6 Evaluation of non- N LO Fp conforming use elimination program LUP-7 Zoning changes to N LO Fpd implement plan -154- Functional organizational Priority Funding Scheduling Area or Program Actions ORGANIZATION: Water WQO-l Quality Establish Rochester N/D LO IP Coastal Area Natural Resources Committee PROGRAM: WQP-l Prepare Water Quality N so E testing program WQP-2 Continue Dev. of Water N so E Quality models WQP-3 Review and Assessment N/D so Fd of water quality classification WQP-4 Continuation of storm N/D FSO Ep drain discharge elimination program WQP-5 Improvement of marine D FSLC Ep discharge capability WQP-6 Citizen participation D LO E program WQP-7 Enactment of legisla- D so F tion (siltation, etc.) WQP-8 Enforcement of regulation D so F -155- Functional organizational Priority Funding Scheduling Area or Program Actions ORGANIZATION: Public.Access PARO-1. & Recreation Designate county parks N N/A EP staff liaison PARO-2 Designate city parks N N/A Ep staff liaison P R 0 G P-'M-.1 PARP-1 Prepare master plans N FC F for parks PARP-2 Negotiate for RR R.O.W.'s N SLC Fp PARP-3 Public Acquisition N FSLC Ffp PARP-4 Conduct public hearings N LO Fp PARP-5- Develop public safety N LO Fp program ORGANIZATION: Fish & FWO-l Wildlife Establish Natural IN LO IP Resource Advisory Com. FWO-2 Designate DEC staff N NA Ep liaison P ROG RAM FWP-l Promote Environmental N LO Ep Education FSC FWP-2 Promote Fisheries Studies I so Ep FWP-3 Inventory habitats N so Ep within expanded zone -156- FWP-4 Prepare habitat D/N SLC Fpd monitoring program FIAIP-5 Institute deer N so Fd management program FWP - 6 Promote waterfowl I SLC. Ep habitat improvements ORGANIZATION: Erosion ECO-1 Control Establish Natural IN LO Ip Resource Advisory Com. PROGRAM: ECP-l Adopt control ordinance D LO Fd ECP-2 Review and promote D LO Ef research SC ECP-3 Watershed planning D LO Id with Irondequoit ORGANIZATION: Electric EGFO-1 Generation Designate RG&E staff N N/A Ip Facilities liai-son EGFP-l Monitor solid waste N so Ef burning program EGFP-2 Monitor facility N LO Fd replacement EGFP-3 Monitor thermal N LO Fd discharges -157- DEVELOPMENT ACTION PROGRAM Required Actions and Improvements For the implementation of the preferred strategy develop- ment plan, specific actions and improvements must occur. While the preferred strategy development of "illustrative" plan represents only Ecoplan's recommended physical develop- ment program, a detailing of its required physical actions and improvements can serve as a model within which an ultimate program may be expected. The followinq list describes the required physical develop- ment action for the preferred strategy illustration plan. o Plan for the Mouth of Genesee River Establish Shoreline Trail Beteeen Ontario Beach Park and Beach Avenue Walk o Acquire parcels 83 and 75 for access from Beach Avenue o Develop walk and connections at ends (stairsi etc.) Extend Beach Avenue Shoreline Trail West o Future planning and acquisition Reinforce Beach Avenue Treatment o Develop tree planting/maintenance program o Incorporate benches, trash receptacles 0 Maintain unique lights, consistent street graphics Corridor Treatment - Lake Avenue o Organize neighborhood citizens group 0 Include Latta Road area 0 Develop specific or typical plans for: Street tree planting - Storefront improvements - Consistent graphics - Parking area treatments - Site furniture Ontario Beach Improvements o Monitor water quality o Develop program 0 Develop swimming pool o Rehabilitate bathhouse o Water quality improvements (continuing long-range) o Develop tennis courts/paddle tennis o Include commercial-restaurant'facilities _158- o Develop overlook at Beach Avenue terminus o Incorporate pedestrian connection to jetty o Improve parking area - tree planting, circulation and graphics o Develop pedestrian system connecting parking transit terminal - all park elements Develop Transit Terminal Facility � Coordinate with park improvements � Coordinate with commercial parcels 64 and 65 Townhouse Development o Legal changes to Port Authority Charter o Acquire Port Authol"ity Land - portion of parcel 63 or long-term lease', o Develop 60 units (Average = 1.0 units/acre) o Develop portion of Riverwalk, and mooring slips o Buffer at edge of property o. Coordinate w/Marina development Marina Development o Legal changes ... o Acquire nortion of Parcel 63 o Deverop Marina facility o Develop boat related services: - Fuel - Repair - Storage o Develop commercial shops restaurants o Buffer/screen to port development o Coordinate w/Port Authority development Consolidate Port Activity o Develop program based upon roll-on - roll-off shipping/day-liner passenger/fishing excursion o Consolidate storage yards, circulation system based on new program o Develop new facilities as required o Develop passenger/tourist facility in conjunction with marina o Buffer/screen edge of property o Coordination w/railroad Lighthouse Village Housing Development o Acquire land (public - R. R. and private) portions of parcels 37 through 60 -159- PLANNING & DESIGN ACOUISITION RC CONSTRUCTION YEAR PHASE PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 2 3 4 5 5+ 1. Lake & Beach Ave. Corridors Lake Shore Blvd. 2. Lighthouse Village - Tower Unit A Latta St. Commercial 3. Ontario Beach Improvements Durand Eastman Shoreline Improv. Beach Ave. Shoreline Access Riverwalk West Riverwalk East Riverwalk South-RR Station Lighthouse Village - Public access and Tower B Transit Terminal (north) 4. Townhouse Development Townhouse Commercial Marina Development Lighthouse Village - Tower Unit C Durand Eastman Water Bodies 5. Port development/Consolidation Lighthouse Village - Tower Unit D Transit Terminal (south) 6. Lighthouse Village Tower Unit E Durand Eastman Park PHASING PLAN o Environmental Education Center/cainp Acquire from Sunshine Rotary Camp Develop educational program o Habitat maintenance - Keep stream classifications - "C-Til - Maintain grass and upland mesic forest and stream community, waterfront aquatic habitats 0 Entrance Improvements - Edgerton Road - Kings Highway - Pine Valley Road - Log Cabin Road Phasing Plan The implementation of the development- actions must neces- sarily be spread over a period of time. In recommending a specific phasing plan, the following objectives were established: 0 Establishing and maintaining a balance of resource cpt- imiz at 4cn during `he implementati-on process. L o Aggregating optimum construction packages in terms of dollar value, type of work and location. o Eliminating potential construction limit conflicts. The phasing plan illustrated on the accompanying plans and chart indicates that the development program, as envisioned, could be completed within a five-year time span. A sequence of activities including market analysis, acquisition, planning and construction are expressed in a logical sequence and schedule. Several projects have been described to be constructed -in a phased sequence. Some activities could readily be "fast- tracked" or telescoped in time if the demand or program required. -162- o Develop bluff stabilization ana planting program o Construct beach access (4 locations) o Develop maintenance program for beach (passive recrea.tion) o Initiate study to investigate beach enlargement program Lakeshore Blvd. Corridor Improvements o Landscapinq 0 Shoulder treatment o Signage o Lighting o Parking areas on north sid.e at beach access points o 'Crosswalks at beach access points o Road-redesign access o Log cabin and zoo road � Horseshoe Curve Drive, � Sunset Point Road Water Bodies Management Program � Tamarack Swamp (sanctuary area) Development mE-nagement program to prevent encroachment � Durand Lake and Eastman Lake - .-Develop small parkinq area and boat livery (C-anoe and row boatsi - Open lake to warm water fishing - Develop warm water fishing program - Maintain current level of lake water - Develop nature interpretive trails � Lily pond (sanctuary area) Establish wildlife improvement and management program � Sherry Swamp (sanctuary area) Prohibit further filling Establish wildlife improvement and management program � Johnson Pond (sanctuary area) Develop as focus of nature education control catwalks and nature trails, observation posts Establish wildlife improvement and management program Park Development and Management Programs 0 Sewage Treatment Plant - Improve planting and roadway at entrance - maintain visual. and topographic buffers - Develop review proces-s for environmental review of any expansion -161- o Develop 4 towers (phased) (Average = 100 units/tower density 33 units/acre - 12 stories high + 50 cars at lower level) o 'Parking garage - 250 cars o Development of lighthouse park - open space and buffer to railroad - Coordination with school and church properties - Develop portion of "riverwalk" o Highlight historic lighthouse - Maintain public access along Lighthouse St. - Provide oft street parking - 'Develop connection to "Riverwalk" Develop "Riverwalk South" o Provide connection from old railroad station north to Lighthouse Village riverwalk section o Plan and coordinate connection south witi-I Genesee River Plan Rehabilitate Old Railroad Station o Lease to co=ercial enterprise to provide services along riverwalk o Maintain character of the structure r Reinforce Neighborhood Comi-,ercial Area o Use zoning o Tax incentives o Coordinate with Lake Ave. Corridor o Connect area to Riverwalk and railroad station Riverwalk East � Acquire right of way agreements � Develop Walk � Provide connection to jetty and lakeshore � Plan future connection east to D-E Park. 0 Plan for Durand Eastman Park Shoreline Improvements o Acquire all of railroad land (parcel 2) o Develop trail/bikeway on railroad bed o Coordinate expansion of trail outside study area o Develop bluff trail (open vistas) -160- A Elm- .1 E. R, El , M, I r4m.- IRCI RLEZZRrE eA, SHORELINE PLCCESS uWjzjv%j [email protected] m4 new Wnly, C.)rvfemo provicle e-Xte')sior. of to Raose, -iot-, a benck -a-.8 -Lff e----gion -Aabilization pr-.grcjx CORRIDOR TREATMENT :UkLe- vi-.,jAt zinA funct-.--nml Aven-je c@5?mdcr,5 by Lk TOXAMHOUSSS 130A roct-,ed -oroun4 rtvt--?- MIA Ftiv c'T- a medium Ae3asltj 'a Corn-me-raiat u4ce- provide bAer between, porL M)i townhovoe oreM4. LIGHTHOUSE "VILLAGE" HOUSING 0 Bifi-i ri!5e talits- cluob-,reJ el&tg riverfror%t P, ec 0 Petrlkiti3 @dra-3e rroviaed toacnset-vc.tma 5' 0 Akqvire- @,@w- cmd di-ocottLitive lirll@@ (4 COMMERCIAL ACTIVIT IN n-xm@ain cornb%eroial @tr-f@vltu aL the- kleu@ilbcrhoocl lc -1. ENVIR16N'MENTAL EDUCATION PEDESTRIIAN ACCESS CENTER/CAMP Dave F sunGWric- Camp C@"' Z.: k, for -rjp@rvme4 e@Lnwxjj AS;@HIGHWAY CDRR1DdR IMPROVEMENTS :-7 V SEWAbE TREATMENT PLANT OU 'TIVIAN PAII, RAND EAS) PwAsioyx with c- to Atozeal, lana lise-a I-kam6n SMSIL@ L@Ih 01 rig trjai '5jf-'Vf1- -A rO Ij 4p- wlz oe@ pq- open to ils'nin3 C3 Permit 1% aff@--un. r'-T #N'TR ay@@!-% aLml sot;Ueera eci,3r- APPENDICES TECHNICAL, REPORT ON POTENTIAL FOR ADDITIONAL OR EXPANDED RECREATION IN THE ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE Introduction The coastal zone is a significant intrinsic or natural recreation resource. This resource is a linear system of water, shoreline and land with reasonably definable limits, particularly from the vested viewpoint of the City of Rochester. The shoreline limits can be consid- ered to run easterly from the vicinity of the Russell Power Station to Irondequoit Bay. In addition, the Genesee River Valley from the lower falls to the.Stutson Street Bridge has a valuable scenic wilderness character which adds considerable potential to a recreation system strateg\7. Rochester's recreational "windows" on the lake occur at the mouth of the Genesee River and at Durand Eastman Park. The Rochester coastal zone study area,unfortunal-ely includes only a part of this resource system. For the purposes of discussing r,,-::rea.t_4cna_1 potential, It w0uld not be appropriate to limit the discussion to the study area per se. Emphasis will be placed'on key public-held parcels and the study area itself in order to facilitate t1_4 S the inclusion of Specific recommen--lations of 11-L tech- nical paper into the overall Rochester Coastal Zone resource Management Study. Howeve-l-, any significant development of these resources for recreational pur- poses mrst consider the entire area described. Brief History of Recreation The Monroe County Parks Department has published two papers documenting the development of recreational,facili7 ties within the coastal zone (Monroe County Parks Depart- . ment, 1968; and Grant, 1975). Durand Eastman Park - The original 484 acres which formed Durand Eastman Park was a gift to the City of Rochester from Dr. Henry Durand and George Eastman in 1907. its 4,000 foot beach immediately became extremely popular. The Sea Breeze Trolley Line was extended into the.Park in 1908, making the area easily accessible for Rochester residents, six miles to the southeast. Early improve- ments to the Park included the construction of a wooden pier to accommodate excursion boats and the creation of small lakes by damming up old marshes. In 1919 a bath- house equipped with lockers for 1,000 bathers was built. -166- The 18 hole golf course was built in 1920 and 50,244 bathers registered during 1921. During the 1940's high lake levels closed the beach. The beach.area was reopened in 1959, but closed again in 1966, this-time due to pollution of lake waters. Monroe County took, over the operation of Durand Eastman Park in July, 1961, signaling the fact that the Park had become more than just a city recreational area. Ontario Beach Park -.Around 1920 Ontario Beach became a public park. THe 26 acre site has long been a popular swimming and amusement area with easy access by steam car, trolley and now public bus service from Rochester. Like Durand Ea,-7tman Park, Ontario Beach is still owned by the City of Rochester but operated since 1961 by Monroe County Parks Depa---tment. Recreational Demands The dynamic natural character of the coastal zone offers a-peal and magnet4c draw. If left in the public tLust, k, - L _L the resources would certainly be creatively utilized by the populace with no need for extrinsic considera- tions. However, it must be appreciated that the very sign if ican t and unplanned hurnan interv-:@n Lions of past and current generations have irreversibly scarred the possibility of such an idyllic generation of use. The restriction of public access caused by random private ownership patterns, the natural short.(narrow) beaches with high banks and the current marginal water quality of the river and lake are among factors which limit such potential open utilization without a planned strategy of public recreation use.. By one estimate, the entire region of which Roches-ter is a major component is expected to have a 20% pop ula- tion increase by 1998 (New York State Office of, Parks and Recreation 1972:150). This growth will consume considerable open space and agricultural lands. People residing in the city will be forced to depend less and less upon the naturial resource base for their recreation. Furthermore, the poor and the elderly will tend to in- crease in percentage of center city residents in need of recreational facilities. For these groups with limited financial resources and restricted modes of pri- vate transportation, the recreation base must be nearby -167- and accessible. Even though it is reasonably recognized that day use (versus overnight use) and local winter facilities are in the highest demand and lowest availability (New York State Office of Parks and Recreation, 1972:151), it can be quickly realized that such use is exactly what best fits the intrinsic character of the study zone. Facili- ties for these uses include bicycle, walking or cross- country ski trails, sledding areas, picnic grounds and beaches. The concept of use need not be limited to the active play-oriented recreation or the passive user, butwith the significant natural system, particularly of the very observable river valley environment, nature ..study of all sorts could add relatively inexpensive but unique recreation within easy grasp of most public schools and citizens of the City of Rochester. Program Development Several-. major fact-ors lend influence to any use considera- tion in 'the coastal zone. Program development must take in-to account.the intrinsic natural capability of the resource, the individual and social needs of potential users, and the quality, availa- bility and distribution o,f existing uses. The Lake Ontario shoreline is a relatively narrow band with few public beaches. Public access through current privately held.shorefront is vital to any expanded usage of the shoreline, in any but the most informal manner. Such integration of pri- vate lands with some public access is sensitive and deserving of only the most well thought-out plan. Like- wise, the Genesee River valley - subject to many studies and plans - is riddled by broken ownership patterns, lack of ea.sy access (either because of ownership or topographic constraints) and a general public "turn- the-back attitude". This lat-ter perspective has per- mitted this exceptional resource to become the carrier of debris and effluent. Evidence of public investment to simply reinforce the potential recreational use is all but missing. However, such an attitudinal problem has not irreversibly-sacrificed the river resource and a combination of public-private investment of dollars and pride can turn this rear yard image into the front yard ceremony it so appropriately deserves. The future -168- determination of railroad usage on all shores and banks will greatly influence the potential of the areas. Such railroad beds offer a valuable resource for a linkage trail system within the core of the resource. It is fairly obvious that some lands both privately and publicly held have outlived their intended use to some major degree and a planned recycling for more contemporary use including recreation is in order. Finally, the exist- ing vehicular system permits easy-access to all parts of the intrinsic zone by both private and public transporta- tion systems. Furthermore, thousands of people could have direct pedestrian or bicycle access to miles of -trails almost from their doorsteps. Very little change need be considered to the transportation system, excepting the increase of public bus stops and small parking lots along Lfle system. Access is the key factor affccting future use, whereas the ability of the intrinsic system to support an increase of recreational use is less critical. The intrinsic characteristics of the study zone suggest such uses as beaches (swimming and sunbathing), shore- line walks and bike rides, fishing, boating, nature study center and the like. The use is more summer than winter oriented in its most natural sense. However, miles of trails could caS41V convert into cross country ski trails and specific.areas or roads could easliy accommodate sledding and skating. It is for certain that almost any type of active or passive recreational use can be easily accommodated in the river valley, except perhaps 1a"rge flat area uses such as ballfields. The Ontario shoreline is slightly more limited in use due to its narrow character. Certain intensive user-or4ented facilities could be accommodated at Durand Eastman (and such is currently planned by the County on. acreage recently purchased) and areas along the river mixed with other land uses could fill any-voids in program needs. Based on the above discussion, the accompanying list of potential recreational programs is developed. Each of these recreational programs should have design and use standards for their site development. Numerous authorities have researched and written on the actual standards, space requirements and design.considerations. A listing of some selected standards are presented follow- ing the potential. program list. These standards when applied to existing recreational facilities and potential sites will aid in the determination of an actual recreational program. POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL PROGRAM PROGRAM GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Lake Swimming X X -appeals to wide variety of people all age and economic groups. -family activity. -a major attractive force; with fee charges and lease/rental of associated concessions, tradi- tional deficit could be minimized. Pool Swimming X - same as above. - would extend swimming season. Picnicking (Individual) X X X X - attractive to broad segment of public; all age and economic groups. - family activity. - complementary activity - allows for full day use of other park facilities. Picnicking (Group) X X X X - evidence from similar parks indicate popularity and demand. - activity for variety of organizations. - complementary park activity. - revenue producing if "pavilions" could be rented in addition to potential concession revenue. Playgrounds X X X X - offers variety to young family activity. - potential large number of users. - possible day care. - complementary accents at key locations. Court Games X X X X - appeals to wide variety of individuals young and old, families and groups. - large court games should be limited in number and be of the multi-use variety; smaller games such as shuffleboard, bocce, etc. should be more widely dispersed and associated with complementary- activities. -170- E E U) PROGRAM Wan) GENI=RAL CONSMERAT@ONS Athletic Fields X X X X X - 'group activity or free play. - appeal to teens. - complementary to other park uses at minimal development costs. Boating X X X X - growing in popularity. - limited in availability to wide numbers of people. - power boats are polluting; esti- mated that 1 gal. of every 3 gals. of fuel discharged into water. - general economic benefit from slip rentals, services, main- tenancc and storage. Sailing X X X X same as above except pol"Lution-2-ree Fishing X X X X X X app eals to widest variety of people.. wide variety of game fish potential will exist in the lake and river. year round activity. lease/rental of fishing/bait shop provide revenue. Nature Education X X X X X X growing awareness and interest to wide range of public. consider as an obligation to promote and communicate the environmental ethic. entire zone can be considered as the resource with highlight and emphasis at a developed center. could be operated by groups such as DEC, Ed. Dept., Conservation Societies or Universities. Bicycling X X X X - largest growing sport of interest to wide variety of people. - family activity. - discreet trails can be developed along the hiking paths at minimal cost. rental can provide revenue. motorized bikes should be excluded as an inconsistent use. -171- a) PROGRAM GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Walking Trails X X X X X - applicable to wide variety ofI people. - family activity. - linking element between park features. - variety of site terrain and views adequate for this use. - minimal development costs. Cross Country Skiing X X - growing in popularity. - limited areas for practice of this sport. - can utilize hiking trails and golf course. Sledding/ Tobogganing X X X - popular family activities. - can be headquartered with other winter activities. - minimal development costs. - rental can produce revenues. Hunting (Upland game and waterfowl) X X - popular sport - appealing to growing segment of public. - season peaks when other uses are generally dormant. - provides managed land use and enhances environmental quality. - requires strong control in urban areas. -172- PROGRAM STANDARDS Standards and Criteria For Site Development Ice Skating 30 square feet/skater/day Flood 3-5 tennis courts Average skating days/season = 80 Tennis 2 players/court-singles 4 players/court-doubles Daily turnover rate = 10 Average season = 80 days Boating 1 - 12 foot ramp/40 boats/day 3 people/boat Average season = 168 days Sailing 2.2 people/sailboat Average season = 168 days Fishing 2.2 people/boat 1 boat/8 acres water surface Daily turnover rate = 1.5 Average season = 168 days Swimming (Beach) 1 acre water surface/185 swimmers 200 square feet of beach/swimmer 1 acre of beach requires 3 acres of support Daily turnover rate = 3 Average season = 60 swimming days Swimming (Pool) 30 square feet surface water/swimmer percent of swimmers in pool at one time = 25% 4 people/party Daily turnover rate = 3 Pool:Deck ratio = 1:2 Average season = 144 days -173- Walki ng and 4 peopl.e/party Viewing Average season 144 days Nature Study 50 people/mile at one time Trails Daily turnover rate = 8 Average season 144 days Picnicking 10 tables/acre (Family style) 4.8 people/table Daily turnover rate 1@6 Average season 80 days Picnicking 25 tables/acre (Group) 4.8 people/table Daily turnover rate,= I A-K.7erage season 80 days Parking 120 cars/acre Parking -(Cars 80 cars'/acre with Boat Trailers) Source: The Saratoga Associates, 1972 Research from NLuTterous Sources -174- PRO ^M STANDARDS EXCE# ED FR0111: DeChiara, Jos .eph and Koppelmai*-=@e (1975) Urban Planninq & Desicrn Criteria .,2nd Editi( A. for a, S Z.? C; SZ2CC Per 7--1p@1-:a'1cn for C P: 2. Y- 3ac--_@s P!a C:,@ Z: C Z:. fS 1E F1, 1 .0 s, C C Z:;3. 2 T z C 2 acres 7 'vi S 100 acres a:@@f c v -:? r D! On r 10 ac, es 1 @000 POD. 'r@s 7, ac Lar-e D:s,,,i@z pz_.-:Z@na! G G @ofc ccurse c n per _50.000 pap. acres 4 acr,2s,'1.001, pop. varics A!! S P,@Ss_t SPC7-zs 1 La'r.e cr L2@ccn 20 acre %%,a*,._,r area CC-n.-_urity Park per pcp. S aI Re_-.cr-a! 1 1, 0, C, 01 pop. acres Larz- D;S,,.C,. Pnr'- Cr B@*@n:z:a: G_-rt-ns C va@@es 1 10. C C, Do'. C,@ - z Z. S:ze Of slte Acres P--,.- ICCO R@pj!aticn 4 acres 2 acres 0. E rn i: e 5 e! 2.0 O.:z P:a-,.`;,@:c:; 10 5 15 10 1. c; 3.5 IGO 2.0 C; Fla,- 2.0 210 0 1@0 3.C paf,"s 15.0 500-1.COO var:e@ 10.0 C. ........... IP, ....... .... Facility Standard Facility Standard shoreline--ocean, 25 effective feet of shoreline for each 1000 popu- beach, rural area 3 supporting areas for each acre of beach. The lake, reservoir, and lation, accommodates 150 persons per day, and acre of beach accommodates 185 swimmers. stream 50 persons at one time. 25 effective feet include: over 12 years old, at any given time. This pro- vides 200 sq. ft. of beach per swimmer. With an a. 5000 sq. ft. for sunbathing. average daily turnover of 3, the acre of beach and b. 2500 sq. ft. for buffer and picnic area. its 3 supporting acres accommodate 555 swim- c. 1000 sq. ft. for water area for swimming. mers per day. An effective foot consists of one lineal foot of beach, urban area 4 supporting acres for each acre of beach. The shore with 100 footwide band of water suitable for acre of beach accommodates 370 swimmers at a swimming: 200 foot-wide strip of beach for sun- time. This provides 100 sq. ft. of beach per bathing: 100 foot-wide buffer zone for utilities and swimmer. With an average daily turnover rate of picnicking. 3, the beach area accommodates 1110 swim- mers per day. beach A shoreline swimming unit should have a length of 600 ft. and a width of 665 ft. (566 ft. of width is beaches 150 sq. ft. of water for each swimmer in the water. land and 100 ft. is water). Maximum shoreline 300 sq. ft. of land for each swimmer not in the water. length should not exceed 3600 ft. A minimum unit of 9.2 acres (1.4 acres of water beach 100 to 200 sq. ft. of swimmable water per swim- and 7.8 acres of land) has a 200 foot wide beach mer. 50 to 100 sq. ft. of beach per swimmer. or play area and a 100 foot wide buffer zone for installation of utilities, tables, etc. The balance, 265 ft., accommodates 300 cars at a time. Between 15% to 30% of swimmers are in the Minimum facilities are a change house and water at one time. sanitary facilites. At any one time an optimum capacity of 1200 beach Most of the time there are more persons on the persons may use the minimum shoreling facility. beach sunning than in the water. Since the A turnover rate of 3 is expected. This allows 3600 amount of usable water space per person ranges persons to use the area on an average summer from 50 to 100 sq. ft. the available site will deter- Sunday or 461.5 user days per. mine the capacity of a particular bathing beach. Facility Standard Facility Standard neighborhood pool One pool for each 3200 people. Pool with 1800 pool A minimum pool unit is one acre. It has space for sq. ft. of water surface serves 150 persons at a a pool 75 ft. by 36 ft. or 2700 sq. ft. Facilities time. include bath house, filters, safety and sanitary equipment, and parking space for 90 autos. community pool One cool for each 25,000 people. Pool with 4500 sq. ft. of water surface serves 150 persons at a The pool provides space for 203 persons at one time. time with a turnover rate of 3; daily capacity would be 609 persons. pool Minimum of 27 sq. ft. of water surface for each swimmer with a ratio of 2 square feet of deck-area pool A minimum of 27 sq. ft. of water per swimmer for per square foot of water area. recreational swimming; 45 sq. ft. per person for teaching purposes. Total number of pools should serve between 3 to 5% of the total population at one time. anchored fishing 4 to 7 boats per acre of water area. boats pool 20 sq. ft. of pool and deck area for each 10,000 trolling fishery 2 to 4 boats per acre of water area. people in major metropolitan areas. boats power and sail 3 acres of water area per boat. pool 15 sq. ft. of water surface for each bather; 30 sq. boats ft. of water surface for each swimmer. A bather is a person who does not go into water over 5 feet in fishing Minimum of 3 surface acres per lake. Lake depth. should be located within an hour's drive or ap- proximately 50 miles of a city of 20,000 persons Deck area should always equal or exceed square or the equivalent in smaller communities, and footage of water area since not more than 1/4 of should be within 5 to 10 miles of a good highway the swimmers will be in the water at any one time. with an all-weather road to property. boat fishing A fishing boat requires 8 acres of water. 13 For cities under 30,000 in population, the max- fishing boats require 104 acres of water to sup- imum daily attendance expected at pools is 5% to port one boat ramp. 10% of total population. pool 8000 to 5250 sq. ft. of water surface per pool. There should be from 2 to 3-1/2 times more paved deck surface than water. Facility Standard Facility Standard hiking for one day Well defined and maintained tread up to 10 ft riding and hiking Trails should be located to offer hikers or riders or less wide, grades not to exceed 5% average with a trails as many interesting vistas or views as possible maximum of 15%. Interpretive signs should be used. On extenced trails rest stops should be about every 3-5 miles and overnight stops about every 10-20 miles. In Minimum parking for 25 autos at any access heavily used areas, overnight stops may be point. On short, scenic, well known trails this equipped with tables, fireplaces, and pit toilets. might be extended to 100 auto parking spaces. The trail should be planned with numerous ac- cess points and interconnecting links. Average sustained grades of trails should not exceed 8 ft hiking for extended Well defined trail with average grades of 5% and sections of 4% or less, at least 500 ft. in length trips none to exceed 15%. should be used every mile if practical. Overnight hiking trails should be provided at in- Width of trails vary, depending upon use as tervals of about 5 hours hiking time. Minimum shown below: size of 3 to 5 acres. a. hiking trails will be as narrow as possible to permith single file use, with widened areas every 200 to 500 yds, where terrain permits. hiking trail Minimum of 10 acres provide a 3 mile trail, and a b. riding trails where no pack stock is used can 1-1/2 mile trail. be a little wider than a hiking trail with more fre- quent passing areas. c. a pack trail needs 8 ft. of clearing although the designated horse Generally, riding trails are ten feet in width over a tread will be considerably narrower. trail distance of 20 miles, and encompass 24 acres of d. an interpretive foot path will be about 4 ft. wide land. It will require two camping sites of five for medium use and 6-8 ft. wide for very heavy acres, 15 to 20 miles apart. use. e. multiple use trails will be designed for widest expected use. One horse per mile is trail capacity. People use a horse trail in groups of four or five. Since a trail of 20 miles will take about 3.3 hours to ride, a turn- nature trail 50 people per mile of trail. Trails are 1 to 2 miles over of 2 is considered a reasonable capacity to long. With a turnover rate of 8, there are 400 produce 132 users per optimum day. people per mile of trail per day. nature trail A natture trail is estimated as 10 feet wide and two miles in length. The trail occupies an area of 2.4 acres. -178- Facility Standard Facility Standard major boating 100 acres for every 50,000 population. Ideal size motor boat area It takes 20 acres of water to support on power activities of 100 acres and over. May be located within a boat. 13 boats in the water would require 260 district park regional pard or reservation. surface acres of open water to support a ramp. row boating and 1 lake or lagoon for every 25,000 people. Ideal boat access unit 1 boat access unit capable of launching one boat canoeing size of 20 acres of water area. May be located in at one time, serving 125 trailered boats or stor- a community park or special regional reserva- age facilities berthing,mooring and the like for tions. 100 non-trailered boats. 75 boats will operate from one access unit on the season's peak day and 50 boats on an optimum day. trip canoeing Average number of canoes a day is 6, with 2 men Service radius of 25 miles for day use boaters:75 per canoe. Average daily trip distance is 15 miles. to 175 miles for weekend-users; 135 to 250 miles for vacation boaters. Streams must have an average flow of 100 cubic feet a second in order to be generally suitable for canoeing. boating 1 ramp on 1-1/2 acres for every 125 boat owners if boaters average 8 trips a year. canoe area Estimating 2 persons per canoe per 1/2 mile of stream.Larger streams could probably handle 21,000 sq.ft. of parking space per ramp, assum- one canoe per 1/4 mile of stream. ing a parking lot capacity equal to maximum ramp capacity. water skiing area One ski boat requires 40 acres of water, there- fore, 13 ski boats would require 520 acres of boat ramp A boat ramp occupies one acre of ground space water to support one ski boat ramp. and can accomodate launching and retrieving of about 40 coats per day per launching lane. 60 boating 1/2 acre of water for every 1000 persons. Boating cars with boat trailers can be parked in area. area location in a county park that allows 12 acres for every 1000 population. Ramps generally service 160 surface acres of water available for boating. Each ramp has at least one 75-foot vehicular turn-around. MARINAS Size and Scope tures, a variety of materials and methods may be employed. Those commonly used are 55 drums, wooden box floats: plastic foam effective in salt water because of resistance to rust and The size and scope of a marina will vary, depending on the requirements of the area involved. It is precast concrete floats: and wooden logs. In any design of location material, it is a suggested that knowledgeable and experienced personnel be engaged to conduct a study of the factor that will give some reserve buoyancy. For stability, long, thin, wide shapes are preferred to number, types, and sized of existing boats in the area, the number and size of existing berthing narrow, high shapes. facilities, and the corciton of such existing facilities. The survey should also include the potential Slips are the meeting spaces for boats and extend out from either side of the dock or pier. Each population growth in the community and surrounding area to determine the future boat ownership. An has its own allotted slip that must be easily accessible to the owner. Boat slips are the main re- accurate and comprehensive evaluation of such a study is the first step in planning a marina. producing facility at a marina, and rentals depend upon the size of the boat. Each slip must be The data in the foregoing study will determine the next important consideration in laying out a marina; to secure the boat at both the bow and the stern. Many marinas offer catwalks on either side of the that of choosing the correct number of ships of each size that will be required. In most marinas, boats of facility many sizes will be served and efficient planning will foresee the necessary number of ships to accom- modate boats under 15 feet long, those from 18 to 24 feet long, those from 25 to 36 feet long, and so on. The determination of the number and size of ships should be based on the needs of the community to be served. Site Selection Factors that will influence the final choice of a site are: foundation materials in both the land and the water areas; local ranges (to determin types and detail of construction); possible wave hazzards; prevail- ing winds, icing conditions during the winter water depth (dredging is possible but quite expensive); and highways and transportation systems near the proposed site. Without this basic information, consideration of a site could well be wasted time and effort. Regulatory Considerations After the site has been chosen and the type of marina determined, the planners must meet any legal requirements. A consultation with the district engineet is not only desirabl but, in most cases, required. Local zoning, planning, construction, health, fire, and public works ordinances must be satisfied before making large capital investments. Factors to be Considered in Planning The location, community needs, and proposed use should determine which of several types of marinas will be planned. The boating industry generally makes a distinction between the fresh-water marina and the salt-water marina. The operator of a salt-water marina must deal with the nagging problems of erosion, rust, and exposure more than the operator of a fresh-water marina, so compensa- tion must be made for this in the initial planning. The planner must also solve the tide problem in designing the piers, slips, and ramps in a salt-water marina. Another distinction between salt-water and fresh-water marinas is that the salt-water marina must generally accommodate more ot the large yachts and cruisers that are capable of seagoing trips. Some marina oceaner's prefer to serve the small-boat owner because the investment in the facility is much less, as are operating costs and general maintenance. On the other hand, some marina operators concentrate on the larger craft on the basis that there is more margin of profit in servicing the more expensive boats. A great many marina operators serve both small and large-boat owners and access for each type of boat in planning a marina, there are basic decisions that must be figures in the way of equipment and facilities. Beyond these, there are extras which can be added. The docks and piers of a marina can be constructed of wood, steal, or aluminum. They can be of the fixed, anchored type or the more popular floating type. If wood is used, it becomes subject to damage from a number of causes, such as rot, termites or other insects, or marine organisms. Preservatitive are commercially available to treat these conditions, and care should be taken to treat those areas most vulnerable, such as where wood rests on wood, where wood rests on cement or on the ground, on the end grain, and in joints, cracks, or crevices. Most metal will give more satisfactory service if protected with proper finishes. Base coats of metallic oxide or aluminum paints will effectively guard against corrosion or oxication. The fixed, anchored dock will have piles driven to a solid footing and the length of these piles will depend on the depth of water and penetration. Most marinas have floating docks because these are more attractive and adapt more easily to expansions, changes, and rearrangement for varying boat sizs. To adequately support floating struc- SOURCE. Planning Areas and Facilities for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. r @v 0;4e r TYPICAL PLEASURE BOAT BAS;N DIMENSION DIAGRA@1 2'2" FOR SLIPS AND CAT WALKS Z PLATE NO. 2 t-A Cz E NOTE: Use this diaorarn in cbn@unction v)ith Table I to determ ine slips, Iemfhs of cat v@,alks an.d loc@tions 'or stern alnc@-or pi!-s. dimensions shov.-n are considered as sufficient for construction Plurposes E S _A L r) L4 CC co C'. Q- C@, Zz zm@ :z z C) Lj 8 :J 20' lo 2 5' 1 6 1 3-0 ;0- 6- 10' 1 12-5' 1 12 1 14 .110' 6'- C',* T E, L E /o- 1 13 i3-1-,- 1-23J-'. 2 I G - 0" to 0' Di@MlEi-,'SiON'S 10.0, SLIFFS AND CAT',1"!ALKS 30 "o 3 5" r7 3 - 5, 2 0 24 j' z 0 i' 17 - 7- f7 z, t /2-3 2 NOTE: Use this 'Labula'ion in CMIjUnction Plate 40' @o i 2`6' 16,6, -,.:7 No. 2 to obtain v.-idhs of ships, lenz-"-s of Catv,,alk's 2- -0- 6@ 7,5 @-o 4 o I Ij 2 !7-6' 19-5, @-o . 9-0' 0 -0 2. and locations ol'sern anchor piles. This Tabulatl()rl -- -5-, 2' 5 0, ,@ , 1 -0' 1 t5**6 -7' 0, t /'- 0" i 2' 0, F0, is based, u.r-.on the use of Traveler Ircris, 1-7-- 1 C 2- 2 21 2' 0, E:- 2,1G 7 60' to 70' -- Z 15 --,-5 2 i! -o' 10, Z 2,"- j" j 7 5'- C, /6`0, 1 I y T 2- 70' to 50' 6-; j 1-7- 2 -iC' -,'i* I MI, SURF,*.CHNGS FOR RECREATION AREAS, RELATLD TO DEN ADVANTAGES AND DISADWNTAGES OF VAPICUS SURFAMCS PECOM',I-INO FOR% R-ECD@,-%TlOj',l Surfacing Type Ad,,.,D n ta:,@'es ---@e de.9sity eas r High :'@@7sity areas Kind of area (S@7'7:es, s. rov; houses, Turf ................................ Soft surface, idea( for many Can;--@t be usez! play Purposes. Lo.,i firs' cost. we-7-@@er. Di'.'icu tain. ecr@---'Ion -nre3 Turf. f73-1:J.-al sci; .................. ... si@urn HIOUs concrete and Natual soil .................... Lov., firs', cost. Sri'.' su,'ace ...... ;,I vzea".er sandc!ay, ri-n',ural soil. in 4r-i r, I 3ravP1 ............................ Loy; first cost. Pl@-,sin- appear. C'ni1c, it a n e .................................... e -x.n s Child seivice p!av yarl's SO@-,- tu,', 20@, ccr@crcte ........ 90' turf, 20@c concrete. c r a:-, s s ur, G,--. m e c o L; s ...... ....... portl2nd Dituminous concrete, pc@t- [email protected] cc.7crete. sland-clay, land cement concrete. tur' sand-clay, cork asp@halt. Sand-clay and ciay-oravel Low cost ,vh2n suitat)le material Difficuit '0 zet available. Reasonably s,1_1 POI s urfa c e. Under play-s-round Ligh'!--3m. sa7@. tanbark, say,- Light loam, sand, tanLark, Brick, (or-, sand cushion) Attractive 3ppea-Ince .............. Initial --sst appJra,us .......... dus@, shlpav:n@s. turf. sav,,dust, shavings. Stone p3ving blocks (or. Lo-w cost wheri salva@ed from Surface too rou@:7h fo sand cushion or natural old pavements. Satisfactory use. Any hard surface or turf. soi0. appearance. Durability. and siory-telling Any hard su,-',a-zing or turf ........ Precast concrete slabs (on Year- round uitjjity. S-,tisf--:tory Cos, re; Outdoor par4i Any smooth, h2r@ surfacing Any smooth, hard surfacing. sand or natural soil). appearance. high. @-Inc@@s, ro'ller 5 k' in g ' I - Fla.@slones (on sand or Year-round utility. Pie-asing ap. natural soil). Pe3,ance. Durability. Bituminous concrete. Go(-,d surface for most, pfay Pur- [email protected]. a7.d abrasive cal play areas: poses when propei ly spe- prr)@-erly specifie, For small children ...... PrincirRily turf or -,atural earth, Principally a smooth hard o', so hard conist' -'C'ed. @C'j M. Cified and laid. N' and sr-nooth ha-d paying. paving and some turf or -:0in esseni on feet as por"and- cer-nent in-:;.::-e n ,u. a! E: a rth. concrete. Year round utili'v. goo--, for '-j- F'o, all age goups ...... Turf, '--;'u,-,Jr-,c---s ccrxrete, p' S-Q. crt- Bituminous concret Cork zemne-,-. concie,.e. asphait, portl3nd cement Cork. asphalt. Fesilie@-,,y- Excel!en' surface fo, Corn.:: r -tive!Y many play purpose ,s. Year- c- por@land conc, ete. -ing um i n @:-u s ................ round utility Satisfactory ap- sen;i3i to cemnent precast pearl,nce. ShiP.). S,34--ns in conc.e'@- slabs. flagstones. Portland cemen@ concrete Year-round utility. Minimum Lacks r-2sdiericy. Initil. rnaintenzince exPense. Good rel@'ivr'iy surface for &heel toys, roller rec'uire ex.::2nsiO:-- skating and some court 111;1'hi-er@ess and gl-7 large areas unatt--C g am e S. Sot RCL- Ae@;7:'j f'o' P'N:C I,,. ts D, 11--.? Age.,U. Fed"Cl P-N,C Ho.;-g Recreation Potential of Specific- Sites Ontario Beach Park - Ontario Beach Park has regional significance based on its presence as a large, natural sandy beach. However, the park has seen better days physically speakling, the beach has been officially closed to swimming for many years by the State Health Department. Swimaning does occur and the County provides lifeguards, cleans up the cladophora and supplies reasonable maintenance. Beach capacity is rated at 25,000 per day (and the park 1.5 times that). Estimated a'Ctendance figures are kept by -the lifeguards. In 1973 (June through Labor Day) over 350,.000 people were esti- mated to have used the beach. The County has prepared capital improvement plans for lighting and bathhouse restoration (the only significant building on the site) but a-uthoriZation has been wi-thheld pending improve-Ment- of the water quality. The balance of buildings and the general organization of the park inefficient and , 4 @-n general, in Door - although maintained -- condition. The - L parking area@ are cons 4dered adequate bu-IC the visual character of the area is dismal. Trees, curbs, good graphics and the like eou-ld add a great deal to the park's visual appeal. Initiation of updated master plan and implementation plan would be appropriate. The use of the park warrants such. an investment. In any updated, T-1-an, several specific inclus4ons seem proper besides the direct improvements slated for Parcel 66, Ontario Beach Park proper. Pa-rcel 196, the western river side jetty-, which is immediately adjac ent to the park, receives a great deal of use for viewing the lake and river activities, sitting, reading and other similar uses. A more direct tie to the park for safe access would be desirable. Other amenities such as binoculars and the like would be pleasant additions. Also, a very highly used area, the half-dozen parking spaces at the east end of Beach Avenue facing the r 4ver is constantly in a fast turnover use for boat watchers and sightseers. A clean-up of this area for sitting and viewilnq, tied into a parking lot renovation, would easily accommodate a rather nice park use. Lake Ontario Shoreline -.Parallel to Beach Avenue, the Lake Ontario shorefl-ne is a natural pedestrian expansion of the Ontario Beach Park. The residential neighborhood offers a very quaint setting. The potential recreational use of this, shoreline is limited to passive walking on a trail upon the bluff or when water heights permit walk- ing along the water's edge. A loqical western terminus -183- for either walk system exists at the lands of Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation and the Water Authority, which could be used for parking, fishing piers, picnic tables and simple uses of this type. At Parcel 105, a city-owned piece of land along the beach sidewalk right-of-way, an overview area could be built. It should be simple in order to grace comfortably the very pleasant residential neighbor- hood. Beach access at Parcel 118, another cityowned 4 parcel, could be built in a lowkeyed fashion. Street tree planting, occasional benches and a pedestrian graphic system would be helpful, especially between Parcels 68 and 91 where beach access will be limited at best. -Port Authority Land - The Port Authority land, Parcel 63c, as it exists, could receive some recreational use with little investment. At the simplest extreme, a few trees and shrubs would help establish a recreating atmos- phere when approaching the beach. Benches and limited play facilities could offer ever- further use. Later, possible use as a marina site combined with park expansion and/or new uses would seem appropriate. This particular site' s. ultimate use should give due regard to Ontario Beach Park's need, since it is the only logical expan- sion direction., Currently a series of recreation fields exist which visually connect Ontario Beach Park via the park- ing lot west of Lake Avenue. A concerted effort should be made to connect the recreation fields (which are surrounded by year-round residences), the parking area and Ontario Beach Park with a pleasant, obvious pedes- trian path. This would promote more logical use of both recreation facilities with a minimum of inves-ment. Stutson Street North to Railroad - The area from the swing bridge (railroad bridge) to the Stutson Street bridge has very little current. recreational value except- ing as marina facilities. The westerly shore is a-. mishmash of disorganized lases and could offer a tourist type recreation use- such as boutiques, resturants, a river walk system and the like. Further development up-r 4ver must tie into specific future decisions on -the railroad right-of-way continuation and an overall river design and implementation plan. Genesee River Shoreline - The Genesee River Valley from the higher and lower falls to the lake has been the sub- ject of considerable discourse. It is most obvious that -184- considerable potential exists in this huge land area through a combination of public and private con.tribu- tions to create one of the most dynamic recreational systems any major city has ever accomplished - and the quality of the basic intrinsic resource will probably permit the creation of an astounding system relatively inexpensively. The eastern edge, mostly in the Town of Irondequolit-, is reasonably accessible and occasionally developed as it stands. The existing residential charac"_ ter of this side of the river limits the intensity of use and multitude of access points feasible, thus making a linear par.k tied to -the railroad right-of-i-,7ay, the most reasonable, overall consideration.. Conversely, the western edge has considerable opportunities for numerous access points, such as the near Harborview Terrace or the Patten Street Marina. Of particular note, the Portland Cement lands at Boxart Street offer easy river access and a large,park potential. The ranges of uses ,are almost limit-less along -this bountiful resource. It would appear that the next steps -to be taken in the valley con St4 tute a solid plan of action. A detailed L @L environmen-t-al analysis is required. Coinciding with. this scientific study of the valley system, a detailed ci-L-*.v-wide recreation prog@am evaluation should be built in the valley. A detailed physical plan (as compared to ti-,e- illus-L.rative pl--nining aCcomp li shed to date) must be completed along with a realist)-c implementation strategy and schedule. Durand Eastman Park - Shoreline - The Ontario shoreline on the eastern side of the Genesee River could offer a series of small beaches with easy access. However, since most of the areas in question are within the township of Irondequoit-, certain concerns of appropri- ate utilization are apparen-t. It would seem reasonable to create shoreline walks from Trondequoil: Bay to-the river. The railroad right-of-way could be a very appro- priatb pedestrian/bike-way linkage.. The waterfront area between Durand Eastman Park and Lake Ontario offers con- siderable potential as a beac@i area. Suchla proposal could be carried out by the construction of'groins and other minimum efforts. Furthermore, pedestrian linkage from cliff-tops (roadside) parkinq and.overview areas to the lower beach area is quite feasible. The creation of fishing piers and a marina in this area has some reason- ableness and should be considered in long-range plans. Durand Eastman Park and Ponds Durand Eastman Park has no master plan nor current capital improvement plan. However, the county recently purchased a total of 398 acres contiquous to the soiAhern park boundary. The total area of Durand Eastman Park is 942 acres. The beach. area, Parcel 2B, has been closed by the State Health Department since 1966. Some authorized swimming was reestablished this year, but in 1973 and 19714 high water levels in the lake inundated the beach area. The park is renowned for its horticultural collection and thus attracts manv touris+-s and students each year. Currently, th.e recreational use of the park is substantial. Some increased uses could occur in the park proper. Athletic facilities and intensive winter sports are being cons.LderE@d by the Monroe County Park Department for the newly-purchased land area. As well, a comprehensive interpretive system is being contem- plated for the park. Tamarack Swamp should be preserved by way of a manage- ment. program to prevent encroachment. It is a valuable recreational resource as it exists. Both Durand Lake and Eastman Lake could be developed for small boating uses.(Canoes and rowboats), warm water fishing and shore- line walks. The system. could be fairly formal .,,,,ith park-0-iq ;arehas, 'rDoat- livery and a wel 1-def ined path system. The remaining waIC-er resources on the site, Sherry Swamp and Lily Pond, should remain as they exist. Johnson Pond has so.-Lie potential for recreation use, but that and the adjoining land (the old Rotary Sunshine Camn) are isolated from the park by the City of Rochester Pollution Control facility. Current thoughts include a Conservation Education Center and/or a Day Camp for children. The Pollution Control facility offers little or no potential of multiple use, especially considering future needs, security requirements and the restrictive physical sprawl of the existing facilities. Overall, Durand Eastman Park serves important recrea- tional needs as it exists. It should be maintained in a high quality to Satisfy its current usage. General Recreation and Develonment Principles . Ir Although each area will require very specific treatment relative to the exact site constraints and proqram needs, -186- some general ideas can be offered to establish a tone for the character of the ent-ire study zone. Two distinct types of areas will become ObViOUS which require compatible and yet varying treatment. The areas which will be very natural in character should be considered using "management-design" techniques to improve and yet ma Lnt-ain the area. In contrast, the J- int-ensive use- areas such as marinas, beaches and the like, should be designed to perform their intended functions. man--introducea elements should be limited in the -former area while these elements should be utilized -throughout the area W4 th exotics and other speciaLized plantings limited. to the entrance areas or special- focal zones. C-c-lors should be subdued, organic tones within the study zone with the pa-Ile-te becoming somewhat broader for focal accent or for special uses. Materialls throughout -the site should be limited in an effort -'L---o blend with the environment. Most structural elements including most buildings are envisioned as wood f ramed and clad. .The active areas in the river valley should be reinforced distinct from the more passive areas tilrough the use of a variety of techniques. In combination or separately thev would include: barrier planting (dogwoods, haw- thorns .. roses), fencing, grading of mounds and main- teria nce of water courses. Any new en-L-rance roads -to various intensive uses should be 18' wide withan asphaltic concrete surface. Pro- vision should be made for car and bus parking at all intensive use areas. These areas should also be surfaced with asphaltic concrete and curbed to control drainage and direct traffic. The site, especially near the active centers, should be served by asphaltic concrete walks from 4' to 8',wide depending on their location and function. The remainder of the trails in the area should be composed of a wood ch4 _Lp or sand surface, 4' in width. The slope should vary with the natural contour which should be kept reasonably level throughout most of the site. However, in any case, slopes should not exceed 10%, or very safe steps will be required. Plant materials can be utilized to advantage in trail development- as means -to: attract, repel, define, direct and buffer. Bridges will occasionally be required to cross streams and afford access to certain portions of the site. _187- SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL RECREATIONAL PROGRAM Ontario Beach Park Lake Swimming Pool Swimming Sunbathing Picnicking (group) Picnicking (individual) Playgrounds and Tot Lots Court Games Open-Play Areas Ice Skating Lake Ontario Shoreline Walking and Viewing Port Authority Land Playgrounds Court Gaines Playfields Boating (ramps and marinas) Stutson Street North to Railroad Playgrounds Court Games Genesee River Shoreline Walking Trail Fishing Boating and 8ailing (marinas and services) Durand Eastman Park - Shoreline Walking and Viewing Lake Swimming Fishing (off-shore) Bicycling Hunting (waterfowl) Picnicking (individual) Durand Eastman Park - Ponds Boating (row boats, canoes, electric-powered boats) Fishing Nature Study Picnicking (individual) Picnicking (group) Cross-country Skiing Bow Hunting (deer) Appropriately located bridges Can provide a great deal of control to the circulation system; providing.access, to some areas while limiting access to others. They should be constructed of timber and wood frame treated for protection and allowed to weather to a natural gray coi-or. Bridge design and size should consider the crossing requirements of service and emergency vehicles. As a further extension of the traill system, catwalks should allow penetration of various wetland areas for study and observation purposes. Catwalks should be of simple wood frame construction, treated with preserva- tive and allowed to weather in the same fashion as the bridges. Blinds could be provided in association with the catwalks and for other observation areas on the site. in areas where it would riot be appropriate to develop trails or catwalks., but study or observation is desired, a simple observat-ion tower may be developed. This would erinit- visual penetra t 4on wit'out physically disturbing p @L _L J] _L the area of interest. Depending on the specific loca- tion, a tower of 25 to 35 feet in height would be ample to provide a filtered view to the surrounding area. This struc-'Cure should be woo5 -Eramed, provided with a railing and roof and sinlply exts@cuted. Natural weathering should be allowed once tfie woc,*Zd is treated with preservative. Benches will be required throughout the site, especially pU1__1 4 along the trail System and at- the A-1-Lic areas; e.q*the beaches. Backless benches can be provided in areas where people are not expected to linger or where it may not be desirable for people to stay froiii a management point of view. Benches with a back are envisioned for use pri- marily at the developed "centers". Waste receptacles should be conveniently located throughout the site. They should be made of heavy duty woven w'_Jre and painted matte black. Lighting should be limited to the entrances and active centers of the site and be unobtrusive in character. A. "cut-off" fixture is recoraTnended which controls light in a positive and desirable fashion and eliminates the 61spill" of light. This fixture type can be established for both vehicular and pedest-r-Lan uses with appropriately sized and spaced standards. It is important to establish a graphic proc irram early in the developi-inent of the study zone to aid visitors in the appropriate and fullest use of the area. The graphics are used to identify, direct and inform and can be accomplished within a consistent format. A logo should be established which should be used throuqhout the signage _189- system. Once established, the logo will be the familiar identification of the zone. A verbal message need only appear on the highway trailblazers and entrance sign. The directional signs will direct'people to specific areas, trails, etc., while the informational signs will impart data including uses of the site. Educational information regarding flora of the site and faunal habi- tats can also be imparted in the format of the informa- tional signs described. A specific type face must be chosen for its vJi-sibility and appropriateness in combination with the logo. The .sig'n material should be metal with the capability of applying strip-on message,2'_!. This would allow flex-ibilty in developing messages appropriate to the s--p-ecif-Ic needs of the sit.e. Typically, the road frontage portions of the area wherc seclusion is desirable can be buffered from the road through 1--he use of planted mounds where possible. The planting chosen should be salt tolerant species which can withstand the winter road salt conditions. it is felt that a well-planted mound will provide a sufficient feeling of exclusicn 'Co t.'hO generall pubjl Lc ; will prevent. vehicles from en'-ering an area and can be used as a directional device to the proper entrance. The planting will also in time provide a sufficient screen. and promote a feeling of :_.-emot-eness to any given siLe. It is envisioned that intensive areas or activity centers will be developed as distinct entities on a program-by- program basis and that no connection between any areas will necessarily be developed, excepting as it is obvious and desirable. All areas should provide for vehicular parking and should be developed in a manner which will support numbers of people independent from the balance of the system. The shelters,or structures envisioned for each site should be wood frames and wood clad, as feasible, in keeping with the character of the site. Some activity centers will become, by locations and use, the "gateway" to a giver, area and should house functions appropriate to its logical influence. Overall year-round uses and multiple uses should be con- sidered in all the various activity center designs as well as throughout the recreation system in general. There is no question that the study zone can and should be a fine, fully coordinated recreation area with a full complement of mixed uses and private-public investment. _190- HE a E E 0 @111M TECHNICAL REPORT ON EROSION POTENTIAT ANALYSIS AND POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE MEASURES Introduction This report covers a wide range of information concern- ing erosion potential, erosion control measures, imple- mentation of erosion control plans, and recommended long-range management for erosion control. The report details the summary text on eroslon potentLal categories in the final report, describing present conditions and providing existing information, when available, in sup- port of those designations of erosion potential cate- -gories. In addition, -for the major geographic areas of the coastal' zone, -'_--hle report discusses the Lype of pliann-in a efforts and alternate solutions which offer promise in dealing with erosion problems of the coastal zone. The emphasis oft this report is upon the presen'Cation of a full range of considerations regarding erosion control in the Rocnester coastal zone. The report is inteilded _L ch can stimulate interest to provide a level of detail whi- in further scientific analysis, plann 4nq, and management aCti N7it-,7 Erosion Potential Factors The location and degree of eroslon potential in the Rochester coastal zone, results primar-ily from geologic, hydrologic, climatic, and soil conditions. This section will discuss the basic influences of these conditions upon erosion in the coastal zone. Soil conditions, for which a very well.developed data base and erosion evalua- tion methodology exist, receive major attent-Lon. o Basic Environmental Influences The deposition of sediment in post-glacial Lake Iroqiiois produced the overlyinq sediment in the coastal zon.e @,,7hich is today affected by erosion. These sediments were found (Adams, 1975a) to be L primarily composed of fine grained material with some small amounts of coarse grained deposits from glacial meltwaters and some glacial till (with only 3% - It cobbles and boulders). Beach deposits of cobbles apparently ripped from exposed bedrock, bedrock along the shorelines during high water and storms were also observed. Fluctuation in the level of Lake Ontario may cause a water level increase of 5 or 6 feet from the present. 245 or 246 foot mean sea level elevation. Storms driving into the shorelinef especially during high water periods, establish the conditions for maximum shoreline erosion. When storms wash out- the base of bluffs along the shoreline, erosion on the upper part of the bluff begins. This is due to the fact that all sediments, including those of the bluffs, have a natural angle of repose, the maximui-Li slope or angle at which the sedime,.-it remains stable. When the b'luff's base ma- terial or "toe" is removed, sediment is pulled down to fill the void and readjust the outward slope. The bluff angle of repose is 45 degrees (Adams, 11075b). Frost action, the force of water expanding during freezing, is a significant- factor in the shoreline sediment erosion process (Adams, 1975a). The modera-t- ing effect of Laike Onta.rio's climatic influence, coup;-ed vith a north-facing exposure in ti-le generally cool temperate zone, indicat-es great potential for the freeze-thaw cycle to operate. In con1unction with the effects or removing the toes of bluifs creating severe erosionL, it is logical that erosion'o-f:' bluffs bordered by wide beaches is a less critical proble-m. The energy of a wave is gradually.dis- sipated as the wave moves across a wide, shallow ex- panse. When a wave moves from deeper to shallower water and to shore in a shorter distance and over a steeper sloping bottom, much more Of its energy is re- ceived as it strikes land. Hence, bluffs which rise abruptly at the shorelines bounded by deeper water receive more destructive wave energy than do shorelines bounded by a wide, graduall-,7 sloping beach. 0 Soils- The detailed soils mapping and information available for Monroe County from the U.S.D.A. SoLl Conservation Service makes it possible to define four categories of soils based on the erosion potential: categories of slight, moderate, severe, or very severe erosion potential (see Soil Erosion Potential Map). The soils are descri'bed (Heffner and Goodman, 1973) by series, a -192- MAPPING K VALUE AVERAGE SCRIPTION UNIT SOIL SERIES SOIL PHASE OF PERCENT OF OF EROSION SYMBOL MAPPING UNIT NAME TEXTURE SLOPE B HORIZON SLOPE POTENTIAL Al Alluvial Land UN1 -- Slight AnB Alton gravelly sandy 3-8% .20 5.5% Slight loam AnB Alton gravelly loam 3-8% .20 5.5% Slight AsC Arkport-Dunkirk very fine sandy 2-12% .43 7% Severe loam AsD Arkport-Dunkirk very fine sandy 12-25% .43 18.5% Very Severe AtF3 Arkport-Dunkirk-Colonie 20-60%, .43 40% Very Severe eroded CkB Claverack loamy fine sand 2-6% .17 4% Slight COB Colonie loamy fine sand 0-6% .43 3% Slight Fw Freshwater marsh -- UN Slight Lm Lamson very fine sandy .43 Slight loam Ms Muck, shallow UN Slight Genesee River Mouth Area Al Alluvial Land Un Slight AtF3 Arkport-Dunkirk-Colonie 20-60% .43 40% Very Severe eroded Ca Canandaigua silt loam .49 -- Moderate CIB Collamer silt loam 2-6% .43 4% Severe CmB Collamer silt loam, loamy 2-6% .43 4% Severe subsoil variant Cw Cut and Fill Land unknown -- UN2 -- UN DuD3 Dunkirk silt loam 12-20%, .43 16% Very Severe eroded Ee Eel silt loam. -- NA2 -- Slight HlB Hilton loam 3-8% .17 5.5 Slight Lb Lake Beaches variable variable generally NA UN (Slight, .17 or except dur- less ing storms) Mb Made land. unknown UN UN 1UN-Unclassified 2NA-Not Available 3Generally, Lake beaches have a low degree of erodibility and would only be Subject to erosion during high water and/or storm periods. SOIL CLASSIFICATIONS AND EROSION POTENTIAL - ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE AREA MAP SOURCE: ION SERVI SOIL GURVEY, MONROE COUNTY, U-S.O.A. SOIL CONSERVAT E r) tj #14 bl: F('@ \ I ly F I R I(JH@Kl FA 1%@. t le, - WJ @rr Q I T 4e sli 'Woo cl" B00013 ul Ap c 33 N"t A040 0 r 2 < IN, Olt < n -.,j Al Pi 0 0 Er a -T -rf-i ED z 6 c X- 0 z 33 n 0 c 2 0 ROCHESTER COASTAL ZONE Rr=SC3URCE=-S'.-.."!"'*-.'.'.'!.".""..'* NIAMAGEMMM, T STUDY uprpApro Fop: PREPAREO GV: SCALE CITY OF= POCHESTER ECOPLANS INCORPORATED DAF@RTNMNT OF COMMUNITY DEVECOPMENT GARATOGA SPRING8. MrW VO@W 10088 1:240001 A M -Ml3r-R OF: EP THCSAAATDOA AGE36CIATED name of a geographic location where the soil was first mapped and described, and by phase, the texture slope and characteristics related to the soil's management (see Soils Classifications and Erosion Potential Chart). The soils included. in this chart are those mapped in the watershed lands which would, have sur- face drainage (assuming the absence of man-made drain- age systems) through and, thereby, influence upon the coastal zone environment (see Soils + Watersheds Map). The watershed boundaries were drawn based on the topog- raphy and drainage features of the 7.5 minute U.S.G.S. topographic maps for the Rochester East and Rochester West quadrangles. All of the soil mapping units shown on the Soils and Watersheds map represent a phase of a soil series. For example, DuD3 is known as Dunkirk silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded phase. This is one phase of the Dunkirk soil series. Characteristically, the Dunkirk series and every other soil series has a number of distinct layers including the topsoil, sub- soil and still deeper subsoil layers. These are observable when test pits are dug or construction activities make a vertical cross-cut through the ground. Each of the soil layers, known as horizons ("A", "B", "C" horizons in order from top to bottom) in every soil series has been assigned a numerical factor of erodibility by the Soil Conservation Service. This is known as the "K" value. The soil horizon most likely to be exposed to the forces of erosion during development activities is the second layer from the top, the B horizon. When soil is bared of vegetation and the upper A horizon soil layer, rainfall or water coming from any source can freely move the soil particles, organic matter, and soluble nutrients of the B horizon laver in the direction of the water's movement, thus eroding the soil. Based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation found in the S.C.S. Guidelines for Erosion and Sediment Control in Urban Areas of New York State, it was possible to establish a range oil soil erodibility potential. The range of potential is derived from. the K value of the B horizon of the soil series (Warner, 1975) to which each soil mapping unit is related, and the -196- average percentage of slope for each mapping unit. The range of potential was based on the following matrix (Goodman, 1975): Average Slope % K values 0-3% 3-8% 8-113% 15-25% 25-35% 350+% .17-.20 SL SL M M S S .24-.28 SL M M S S VS .12-.37 SL/M M M/S S VS VS .43-.64 M S VS VS VS VS SL = Slight potential M = Moderate potential S = Severe potential VS Very severe potential Obviously, slope plays an eually significant role in determining the ultimate erodibility of a soil mapping unit. This is evidenced in the matrix above and is a proven factor in soil science. As slopes become steeper, erodibility increases. In some instances, two or more soil. series have beer, com- bined into a single soil mapping unit, such as the AtF3, Arkport, Dunkirk, Colonie soils, 20 to 60 percent slopes, eroded. In this case, the K value for the B horizon of the most erodible soil series (the Dunkirk K value of .43 versus the Arkport K value of .28), is used on the basis of assuming the most severe potentials for erosion mightt occur from the presence of soils with Dunkirk character- istics. The Soil Classification and Erosion Potential Chart presents all of the mapping units found in the study area with their names, the K value of the B horizon, the average percent of slope, and the description of erosion potential as computed. Erosion Potential Analysis This section divides tile coastal zone into three basic areas and analyzes erosion potenLial in each. The first area, the shoreline, includes the bluffs west of Ontario Deach, Ontario Beach, and the bluffs in Durand Eastman Park. The Rochester Harbor area is described next. Finally, the inland areas which influence the coastal zone, the Durand Eastman Park and watershed uplands -197- in Irondequoit and the land areas around Rochester Harbor are analyzed. For each area, and the sub-areas, present physical conditions and erosion potential is described, along with the basis for defining the erosion potential. Shoreline The bluffs west of Ontario Beach rise approximately 20 feet above lake level. A very narrow, sometimes non-existent, beach is located at their base, and residential land use is located at their crest, The vegetation of these bluffs is sparse with some pioneer species struggling to maintain themselves. The erosion potential of this area is based on de- tailed soils information and limited geological know- ledge. Soils information indicates severe erosion potential for the bluffs with moderate erosion poten- tial in the drainageway area which roughly bisects them. Geological information indicates generally severe or very severe natural erosion potential for bluffs along the Lake Ontario shoreline (Adams, 1975b). The soils of the bluffs are derived from fine-grained, lake-laid sediments and have a high K value on moderate to steep slopes. The geological evolution of bluffs along Lake-Erie and Lake Ontario (Adams, 1975b), indicates that a severe storm could cause the bluffs to erode as much as 15 feet in one day under extreme weather and high lake water level conditions, assuming no erosion control prevention measures were taken. However, variety of structural protective devices for the bases of these bluffs have been very effective in halting erosion during recent periods of high water and severe storms such as in 1973. The average annual rate of bluff erosion along unprotected shore- line areas seems to be about 3 feet per year (Adams, 1975b). However, this is a long-term average of highly variable conditions which might cause 20 feet of erosion in one year and no more erosion for the next ten years. Also, one area of shoreline might be drastically affected while nearby areas escape. So it is stressed that the various environmental influ- eneces causing bluff erosion make it very difficult to forecast erosion rates of bluffs along the lake. -198- Ontario Beach is a coastal plain located at -the mouth of the Genesee River. About one-third of the land area north of Beach Avenue is lake beach, with the remaining area as grassy or paved park. area. The west wall of the Roches-ter Harbor navigation channel stops the eastward littoral drift which would other- wLse transporC- sediment along the shore. The lake beach sediments are not classified in the detailed soils information because of their variable conditions. However, they are generally considered to have a relat-ively low K value @,.7o,,_ild ordinarily mean a low erosion potential (Goodman, 1975). However, during storms and high @,,,aters, significant erosion will occur. in the particular setting of Ontario Beach, with the channel navigation wall as a sediment trap, the loss of beach materials during storms appears minor. The grassy and paved areas are located on fill material which is also uncla SS4 fied as a soil material-, therefore preventing natural erosion potential from being est.imat--ed. 1114o geologic information concerning eros 4 J-on. poten-tial of this area was available. The bluffs in Du.rand Eastman Park discussed here are located north, beLow the Hojack railroad 'Line right- of-way. The dista.r.1ce bet-ween the shoreline and t1he railroad line varies from about 200 feet on the west side of the park down -L-o 100 fe et -toward the middle S4 and east _Lde of the park. The beach is very,narrow or non-existent. The bluffs are steeply sloping features with pioneer vegetation. The soils information indicates very severe erosion hazards for the soils in these areas. The Arkport- Dunkirk-Colonie complex soil, with 20% to 60% slopes, is mapped for "Lhis entire stretch of shoreline and is h 4ghly susceptible to erosion, and in 75% of the L area mapped as this soil unit, all or nearly all of the surface soil has been removed hv erosion. The geological information on erosion rates of bluffs previously mentioned a1so applies to this stretch of shoreline. These bluffs have been protected to some degree by the very W4 de'and shal'ow lake bottom adjacent -to the shore which dissipates wave energy during storms and by a boulder blanket, apparently- inst,alle"-I.for the railroad line, which protects the toes of the bluffs at the shoreline. _199- Rochester Harbor Area The Rochester Harbor area is bounded by Beach Avenue, Stutson Street and the city boundary paralleling the east side of the Genesee River. The area has a broadening valley configuration associated with its location just above the mouth of the Genesee River with moderate slopes and occasional steep slopes. The area is completely developed with a mixture of land use including I*ndustrial,.utilities, commercial, residential and institutional. On the west side of the river, @the land underlying the port and utility facilities is composed of fill material while the remaining-land has soils derived from lake-lz@id sediment. The erosion po@ential of the'fill material is unknown, the soils data indicate severe erosion potential for the-soils derived from lake-laid sediments. On the east side of the river,. all of the soils are indicated to have slight erosion potential except for a soil mapped to the south and east of the-Rochester Yach.t'Club which has very severe erosion potential. Inland Areas Durand Eastman Park and the uplands in the watershed in TronTe-qu6ltto the bouth form onc: single resource pattern,which must be dealt with as such if environ- mental quality and erosion control are objectives. This area is dominated by a series-of narrow valleys and ridges running roughly north and south. The north-flowing drainage patterns were apparently formed in pre-glacial deltaic deposits associated with the Irondequoit Creek drainage system (Heffner and Goodman,, 1973). Within Durand Eastman Par-k small lakes are located at the ends of two of the streams. Outside of the park, urban residential development has en- croached upon very.steep slopes which have very.severe. soil erosion potential. Continued development is in prospect. Some sedimentation resulting from this development has begun to affect the stream channels and channelization structures.' The erosion potential based on detailed soils data for this area is predominantly very severe. The same highly erodible Arkport:-Dunkirk-Colonie complex soil on 20% - 60% slopes described earlier for the bluffs in Durand Eastman Park is found in the steeply sloping lands throughout this area. The soil erosion _200- potential becomes severe or moderate only in the extreme uplands of watersheds in Irondequoit with Titus Avenue approximately the line of change. The only areas not subject to severe erosion potential. are the streams and adjacent lowlands which are filled with alluvium and which receive sediments eroded from the uplands. Areas Surrounding Rochester Harbor - Land In the Town of Greece, south of the Ontario Beach bluffs, the Charlotte section of Rochester, and land in Irondquoit bordering and draining toward the Genesee River is included. The land in Greece is predominantly the Lakeshore Country Club and some residential develop- ment near the Lake Ontario State Parkway. The Charlotte area of Rochester is a completely developed, predominantly residential area. The area of watershed in Irondequoit has industrial, residential nad institutional land use. In Greece, the detailed soils information 4ndicates very severe erosion potential for soils of the golf course which drain directly through a lowland to Lake Ontario. The soils are located on steeply sloping land and are surrounded by areas of the same soils mapped for the bluffs west of Ontario Beach, which had severe erosion potential. In Charlotte, although development is essentially total, detailed soils data would indicate severe erosion potential for all areas except the drainageway which runs approximately northeast from School 38 to Ontario Beach Park. The drainageway is filled with alluvial deposits and is subject to sedimentation rather than erosion. The Town of Irondequoit has an area of soils with very severe erosion potential which has surface drainage into the Genesee River near the Yacht Club. These soils are located approximately between Lake View School and the Yacht Club. Possible Protective Measures Protection must be based on the nature and extent of the erosion problems. In some cases, additional study will be involved. Solutions must be based on the findings of studies or existing resource information which ade- quately defines the conditions causing the erosion prob- lems. Solutions include a variety of alternatives: land -201- use regulations, non-structural means, and structural means may be used separately or in combination. The implementation of protective measures will require an assignment of responsibility to an agency or task force to organize the effort. A team approach should be stressed to include local regulatory officials, natural resource specialists, and engineers, as well as Planners. o Shoreline Planning Effort - Some group must take responsibility and initiative iin organizing planning efforts for shore- line erosion. One logical choice would be the city's Department of Community Development Planning Office. The group responsible for the planning must consider it a permanent, full-time function and not an emer- gency situation fuction. Contacts and working rela- tionships must be established between the designated planning office and the other agencies involved with shoreline erosion at the federal, state and local levels such as the Corps of Engineers, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and city and county authorities. While limited general information is available on shoreline erosion in Lake Ontario, more detailed in- formation should be developed for the Rochester Coastal Zone shoreline to most efficiently implement shoreline protection. Therefore, additional studies will be required. Tentatively, further studies of the Lake Ontario shore- line are being scheduled for the summer of 1976. Sug- gestions for sites to be considered for study next summer are being accepted by Dr. Robert Adams of SUNY College at Brockport. The possibility exists that such a study, if conducted in the shoreline area of the coastal zone, could provide the detailed data needed to establish a shoreline erosion protection plan. Alternate Solutions - Shoreline erosion of the bluffs is the critical concern. High water levels have reduced beaches to the small or nonexistent beaches below the bluffs, thus exposing the bluffs directly to erosive wave energy. In this case, structural devices are the only solutions to erosion control. A series of shoreline erosion problems, a chart des- cribing appropriate engineering solutions, and a -202- .series of illustrations discussing pros and cons of solutions is included. Problems 1 and 3 arc the. most typical of the bluff shoreline erosion problems. Illustrations and charts on this and fol"OW4,lq pages L -L excerpted from: Help Yoursellf, a brochure, Department of Army, North Cent-ral Divii-sion, Corps of Engineers, Chicago, Illinois, 1970. PROBLEM 1 PROBL:-M 2 HIGH ql'up@ (ROOISLE > @0 HIGH NO BE@CN SLI-,@ACE EFIC-C:LILE HIS. PROBLEM 3 IRGB@ EM 4 N@' LOW 3tu" LOW PLAIN PROBLEN", 5 PROBLEArl 6 DUNE NO S[AC" LOW DUNE NARRO,',' $3 CA,. PROBLEM 7 PI-10131-ENI 8 10%'V (AIMING BLUFF No (I'Ac., Wfill WAI Uq SOLID QOCI@ PE&C -203- PROBLEFV1 NUMBER POSSIBLE High Flat High Stoop Low Mod Low Mod High rvIod Low Plat Low Steep Low Rock 2 3 4 5 6 7 SO LUT I ON REVETNIENTS S tone, Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Y e-, Yes Yes Broken Concrete Pollmoll Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Y L-@ Yes Yes Handplac-id Yes NO No No N o Yes No 0.13 t'! S 4, 0 (Nlat'l Size) Nat'! S@zoj Nat'l Size) (Mat'l Size) Yes Gabion Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Y C-. Yes Yes L39s-G,ou! Filled Large Y es Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes BEACH ACCRETION DEVICES Sand F;!1 No N o f.,lo No No No o N o Pcrchec Beach N o Yes Yes Yes Yes No' Yes N o & Sano' Fill (Costl (Cost) Groins - Sharz Yes2 No yr-s2 Yes 2 yes2 yeS2 No No & Low Oneffective) Onefiociive) Oneffectivel Groins-Long No N o No No No No N, a P 0 S, 15 L F High Flat High Steep Low r4od Lov.- Mod High Mod Lo,,-j Fiat Low Steep Lo@i Rack . . ........ SOLUTIONS I 1 6 7 8 - - - - - I . . ............. S C AY,;" A L 1, s I - T-imber pile Yes Yes YES, Yes Yes Yes Yes No (Structural) St"! pile Yes Yes Y ff, Yes Yes Yes Y es N o i:struc tu ra!) Timber Cr i t-,- Yes - r4o Yo, Ye-.; Yes Yes N o Yes Stone filled yes Yes yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N o %%liod Pile Wire Fence (Struclural Stone filled Sandbag Yes N o, N o N o No Y No Yes ;_u) Hom,,irc Fence 0,13"'1 Sizell M, a t, I S, W3t,; Size) 0,110 Size) Nat'l Size) OFFSHORE BREA KWATE RS Lm-! -so g, me.) ! o d YeS2 No Yes2 Yes 2 YeS2 Yes2 N o Ir- "' t I Icosti (I n e f fac t i vo) N11SCCILLANEOUS Rclocatior'. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Providcd access to construction ut@a is available 2 Provided adeqLmte suPPlY oi littcra; nnatLriais is available. -204- F_71i:, qLA ro GROUT FILLED LARGE. NYLON BAGS BROKEN CONCRETE REVEET.4.1171 10c RELCCATIC% PELL MELL PLACEMENT G Our FILLED BAGS A, IN -,!A. G BAR HIGH WATER 1HIGHV.ATER LAX E BED NE"', S_- OLD EXISTIN J( v FOUNDATION FOUNDAF LAKE 8 CILTER GH 9LU _J, F FiLTER NIATF AL i --PILE WALL NO eEAC .J k", %_@,J 1 1-11-.- - IL ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES cult "'o obt5@n. ADVANTAGES Nom maintenance . equired. Inexpensive. Lars,@! piece.-, required for under- DISADVANTAGES ?,1060rate flrst cost. Subject to scour flanking and lying filter layer b@cause of large it is permanent. In the !one run Adaptable to st@,ge construction@ foundation failures. Easy construction. void. it may be the best method of Special skills and equipment m- Extremely uriattractivo appear- protection. quired. SuitaUe 'or all shcreforrn@. Nlore subp7ct to cast as tropic DISADVANTAGES ance, Unless special care is taken Adaptable to shot-, re-nches of Can be accomphs-ed without failure unless positive top pro- Shoreline. Are3 must b,, availatie for re[D- :Large concrete pieces are diffi- in constuctk)n. - ion of the house. heavy con,.z. .uction equipmenz, tection is provided. Cjn be 31-complished by COST/LIN. FT, $25toS 85 i '31 Does not st*op erosion. indi du without coordination COST/LIN. FT. - S80 to S1 15 through contiact with a house Mover. COSTILIN. FT. -- $70 ....... .... STONIE REVETMENT SI-AINALLS HEAVY DUTY TIMBER CRIB (ROCK FILLED) TIMBERS _EXI5n.';G SIOPE STONE HIG.H WATER 'r-..Y8E.R SH.SET PLE HCHWATER H;G4 WATER CUT OFFY A- L RUN FILTER T aL4NKE. DOwN OF CRIB A@,'O U P LAKE 1@ro OPE OF EXIS Ti SL F;L-3 MAi EPIAL SHEETSTE I ING CONTiNUF POCK FILL!-',' CR CUT OFF CHIS FOR FOUNDATION ADVANTAGES tion vhen rock is readily avail- ADVANTAGES Subject to full wave forces, fail ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Most effec@ie -.z;-uc-,,.,e for ab- able at a low cost. Provides protection both from from scour, fianking Of founcla- -t T ave tion. Lends itself to protecting shot lemporury protection. soroing wave energy. w, action and stabilizes the reaches. DISADVANTAGES backshone, Flexible - not weakened by Not easily repaired. riigh ma intenance costs. Struc- Do it yourself project. No spe- ture is di fficul z to repair. slight movements. Heavy equipment required for Low maintenance cost. cial equipment required. construction. Complex design and construc- Natural rough surface reduces. Readily lends itself to co ncrPte tion problem. Qualified enaineer Moderate first cost. Subject to failure from flanking, I Is wave runup. Sub;ec^, to flanking and mod- steps to beach. eratp scour. I essential. scouring, or ove@ topping. Lends itself to stage construc- Can be constructed of materials Et PL IVALL tion. Limits access to beach, Stabilizes the backshore. Slope design is most important. that are readily availabie. More sub7e@t to catastrophic failure uni ess positivv toe pro- Ezrily repaired lcw mainte- Modprately hioh firs, cost. Structure can be disassembled tection is provided. n3nLe COit. DISADVANTAGES t0ore subject to rata",ophic and materials stockpiled. Difficutt construction where failure Unless positive toe pro- Extremely high firstcost. tection is Provided. The preferred method of Protec- access is limited. Structure is easily repaired. Limits acces5 to b-.@ch. COS" WN. FT . - $28 to S100 COST/LIN. FT. - $40 to $ 48 REAKWATER BULKHEIADS (STFEL OR TIM.-BER) PERCH6D @MCH OFFSHORE B LAKESIDE S. OPE 3' 3' FILTER GABION SA..10 PLASH PROT_CT@O" "A HIGH WATEr LEVEL TO - @ p 7-IFESS 7 SEACH v11ATF,'1'LQa. C Q FIU \CA.LE L@_14 AND 1, OR., B T OTIOM R`tl@@__ T,E?ACK ORIGINAL T OPIGi.,A-@ BOTTO F'L L [email protected] TOE PRMECTION F OTECNIN 4 1@', 7C; TYPE K r.?ALI11ERNATW S TON T T WOVEN @i ER CLOt' GA ON TefE MA'.,AC'S@S) PRO rEC7;CN ADVANTAGES s.,nd or gravel must be readily i ADVANTAGES iov,,er than S:milar structk;rps de- ADVANTAGES teach sr-curino. Adequate I signed for ot@er purposes. P. ovide a recreational beach. availabie. Benefical effect can extend over Provides pas: rive protection. protect:on rpq,.,;red. I H;ah fii st COS*,. Ae5i',-aticallY pleasing appezir- DOES not stop erosion lakeward a considerable lengih of share- DISADVANTAGES a._.ca. of structure. line. hi3inmins shoreline in fixed Subject to flanking; bulkhead May modi fy beachlinp and cause position- must be tied lack securely. Requires less beach-fill than a Maintain or enhances recrea- eiosion in dav,,ndrift areas. be tionzil value of a beach. Structure is subject to !C'unda- Low mamtenance cc) Pile driving requires wecial ski h-fill wi*hour a retaining A navigation warning syste, St. stiucwre. may be required to prevent tion and scour failures, 'Icating and heavy construction equil collisi,_,ns with the submerged The structure is not subject to plant an-J heavy equipment Materials are available locally. me n t. DISADVANTAGES S t r 1-1 C z u I C. flanking - it can be built in rrv-.jyb_ required for constiuc. Complex engineering desig Be,)Ch nourishment required *o Separate reaches. tion. DISADVANTAGES problem. maintain sand and gravel fill- Diffi",It to rapair. tQ Structure maintenance costs are Eoremcly difficult to repair; Vertical vialls induce severe Limits access -,a beac@l- (7) COS I T/LIN. FT. S225 COST&IN. FT. - C'40 to $50 COST/LIN. FT. - S57 to S105 (THABER) $200 to S300 (STE EQ IPAPERM GAMON REVETMENT HEAVY DUTY TINIRE;3 AND WIRE MESH GRIZ; (ROCK FILLED) EABL E GRO INS EXISTINO SLOPE ','@COD PILES CAP TURNBUCK11 _a a' STONE A NO RIP RAP ALONG STONE ;@U`D @E END C; C@i()JN CA2.ONS CA8, ry ICAL S_ON'E OF, CONC=_;T- PIECES ANK SAWUI. _ 82" V A 7 70 HIGH, WA TER STONE -GAL C. H WA T E.R PI OE STONE RENO EXIST'. G TT _U_ OER'q rE@ LA x. 3 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES D I SA DVA NTAG ES ADVANTAGES fied coastal engineering @ervices are essential. Groins rarely func. No special construction equip- Subject to rusting and deteriora- Lends itself *,a protecting short Temporary protection. Resulting beach protects upland tion as intended. mient required, rated best-do it ti on. reaches. Do it yourself pioj@cr. areas and provides recreational yours'elf type of protection. Subject to flanking and mod- Can be constructed of n-:itprials High maintenance costs. benefit. Area; dov.,ndiift will Probabiv Flexible, easily repaired after e,aie scouring action. that are re,,Jily available. Requires, constant maintenance. Modernte first ccst and low experience rapid erosion. storm damz:gc. Cuts off accm to beach. maintenance cost. L G Structures can be disassembl2cl Subject to failure from flanking, Unsuitable in areas of low fit- Low first cost, if do it yours,,If Moderate to high maintenanc,-, and materials stockpiled. scouring, or overtopping. EllISADVANTAGES toral drift. project. costs. I COST/LIN. FT..- $30 to $70 Structure is easily rcpaire,@ Limit; access to be,.ch. Extremely complex coastal engi- Subject to flanking, must COSTILIN. FT. - '$80 to $ 140 ne-ering design problem. Quali- securely tied into bluff. COST/LIN. FT. - $125 to S150 Protection for Ontario Beach appears unnecessary at this time but further studies should be made to assure that increased lake levels or other condi- tions will not cause erosion there at sortie point. The build-up of beaches along the Durand Eastman shoreline may be possible using engineering solu- tions listed in the previous material such as the perched beach or offshore break water alternatives. A large-scale plan for erosion control of bluff shoreline areas and beach build-up would probably produce the best and most effective at the least cost per foot. Individual projects for shore- line erosion protection tend to the stop-gap in nature and ultimately more costly as failure is more likely. 0 Rochester Harbor Area Planning Efforts- Because of the developed and protected nature of this area, minimal disturbance of the land and minimal erosion problems exist. If major land use changes are to occur, the planning group with overall responsibility should: (1) deter- mine the environmental impact which resultant sedi- mentation would have on other areas of the coastal zone; and (2) should establish erosion con+ dards for development associated with the land use change. Alternate Solutions - Sources of sediment from river- side development or redevelopment can be controlled during the construction process. 0 Inland Areas Planning Efforts - The severe or very severe erosion potentials which exist on watershed lands draining into the coastal zone require the application of regulations and non-structural land treatment methods, primarily to control erosion. Because there is an overlap of these watershed lands into municipalities outside of Rochester, the planning group with coastal zone management responsibility must seek. the coopera- tion and participation of Greece arid Irondequoit in an erosion control program. The basic steps in the planning process are: (1) Determining the level at wh1ch sedimentation planning will take place. -207- (2) Conducting watershed research. (3) Developing erosion and sediment control provi- sions (or a control strategy). (4) Implementing control strategy by incorporating control provisions into the plans for all activities which produce erosion and sediment, including activities which are likely to cause sedimentation in the future. (5) Following through on control provisions at the project level. (6) Conducting evalutions of the success of the Control program and providing for revision and updating, as required. (Powell, et al, 1970) The implementation of the erosion and sediment control regulations is a legislative and administrative process. Provision of erosion and sediment control regulations may be included in subdivision, drainage, grading or zoning regulations. The basic principles on which erosion and sediment con- trol can be based are summarized below. Land treatment measures are integrated in them. (1) Fitting development plans to climatic factors, topography, soils and vegetative cover; (2) Reducing the area and the duration of exposed soils; (3) Retaining and protecting natural vegetation wherever feasible; (4) Covering disturbed soils with mulch or vegetation; (5) Mechanically retarding runoff and erosion, and trapping sediment in runoff water; and (6) Providing effective accommodation for increased runoff caused by changed soil and surface condi- tions during and after development. (Powell, et al, 1970) Alternate Solutions - Areas with very severe or severe erosion potential may be designated as special limited development zones. In order for development to occur in such areas, a special permit system involving an item-by-item environmental protection checklist might be required. In addition, the requirement of perfor- mance bonds to protect the municipality in case of non- compliance with erosion control standards by the developer would be essential. A temporary moratorim on development of areas with severe or very severe erosion potential may be necessary -208- to study the effects of development thus far on soil resources and drainage systems, natural and man-made, in order to determine the type of environmental de- gradation being brought about and the best solution for the incorporation of controls into existing land use regulations. The following chart illustrates the process of plan- ning, action and evaluation necessary to achieve desired results of erosion and sediment control. THE PLANNING--ACTION --EVALUATION PROCESS Formulation of Control Implementation Provisions of Provisions of Provisions Task Force Collectiion Approach of Data Revised and Evaluation Updated of Program's Watershed Reseach Effectiveness (Powell, et al, 1970) Communication between the city and Irondequoit will be especially important in producing tqhe desired results for Durand Eastman Park. - 209 - ri PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND ASSESSMENT COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT-STUDY AREA, OCT. 1975 1@ y ASSESSOR ADDRESSES OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES ASSESSED VALUE 1140.- PARCEL CODES PROPERTIES OF OWNERS LAND TOTAL 1 1-21-101.1 4380 Lake Ave. Gulf Oil Corporation $7,010 $10,000 1 Presidential Blvd. Bala Cynwyd, Penna. 2 1-21-102.3 21, 25 & 29 Carl M. Robbins & wife .$1,050. 1,800 Whitney Place 25 Whitney Place Rochester, N. Y. 3 1-21-102.4 21, 25 & 29 Carl M. Robbins & wi f e $1,150' 4,580 Whitney Place 25 Whitney Place Rochester, N. Y. A 1-21-104.5 4400 Lake Ave. Sam Spagnola .$3,135.0 $12,000 4400 Lake Ave. Rochester, N. Y. 5 1-21-106.3 4410 Lake Ave'. Andrew DiMino $ 3, 2 5 0. $11,800 59 Meriden St. Rochester, N. Y. 6 1-21-107.2 4420 Lake Ave. Robert L. Sennett $2,820 $13,500 100 Scotch Lane Rochester, N. Y. 7 1-21-108.3 4424-4438 LakeAve. Robert L. Sennett $4,1240 $12,000 100 Scotch Lane Rochester, N. Y. 1 7.0..: 8 1-21-112.1 4440 Lake Ave. Robert L. Sennett $2,020 4,100 100 Scotch Lane Rochester, N. Y. 9 1-21-113.1 85-89 Latta Rd. John A. Sanna 570 5,700 BE. Latta Rd. Rochester, N. Y. 10 1-21-114.1 83 Latta Rd. John A. Sanna 510 510 85 Latta Rd. .Rochester, N. Y. 1-21-115 75 Latta Rd. Frank Agostinelli $1,720 4,900 75 Latta Rd. 12 1-21-116.1 67-69 Latta Rd. Peter Capponi & wf $ 780 4,130 69 Latta Rd. 13 1-21-116.2 59 Latta Rd. Gene Agostinelli $1,360 8,800 8 River St. Paul Agostinelli 769 Lake Shore Blvd. Irondequoit, N. Y. 14 1-21-117 43-47 Latta Rd. Marshall L. Gurnee $1,970 5,000 River St. 15 1-21-118 39 Latta Rd. Margaret Bovanzi $1,270 $ 8,600 16 1-21-119.1 431 River St. Salvatore Bonacci $ 560 5,500 17 1-21-120 427 River St. The Charlotte Social Club,. $ 240 $ 2,700 Inc. 427 River St. 18 1-21-121 423-425 River St. Chief Petty Officers' 290 3.100 Club of Rochester 423-425 River St. Rochester, N. Y. 19 1-21-122 419-421 River St. Harry Meyers & wife 280 4,500 20 1-21-123.1 409 River St. Chief Petty Officers' 400 400 Club of Rocheater 425 River St. Rochester, N. Y. 21 1-21-126.1 407 River St. Salvatore Bonaci 460 $ 2,690 22 1-21-127 397 River St. Angelo Chelini $1,500 $ 1,900 23 1-21-128 385 River St. Angelo Chelini $ 240 $ 3,500 24 1-21-129 8 Stutson St.. Goldie Kreger $1,720 $ 4,600 8 Stutson St. 25 1-21-130 16 Stutson St. Leo, Helen, Richard & $1,500 $ 5,100 Leo D. Witkowski 26 1-21-131 24 Stutson St. Karl Anthony Navratil & wf $1,080 $ 4,200 94 LeGrande Rd. 27 1-21-132 30 Stutson St. Angelo Chelini & Peter $1,080 $ 4,500 Chelini 28 1-21-133 32-38 Stutson St. Costantino Tollis'& wf $1,190 $11,190 241 Stutson St. 29 1-21-134 40 Stutson St. Costantino Tollis & wf $ Sao $13,436 241 Stutson St. 30 1-21-135.1 50 Stutson St. Ralph E. LaRose & wf 770 $ 7,850 19 Alonzo St. 31 1-21-136.1 58 Stutson St. City of Rochester $1,430 $10,500 32 *1-21-201 559 River St. The New York Central See note & Hudson River Railroad Co. $9,980 $41,500 33 1-25-101.2 165 Latta Rd. City of Rochester 34 1-25-101.3 4492 Lake Ave. Holy Cross Church of $8,000 $13,000 Charlotte, 4492 Lake Ave. 35 1-25-102 4472 Lake Ave. Agnes C. Bayne $1,070- $ 7,900 551 Beach Ave. 36 1-25-103 4492 Lake Ave. Holy Cross Society $ 560 $ 560 4492 Lake Ave. 37 1,25-104 4492 Lake Ave. Holy Cross Society $10,550 $116,600 4492 Lake Ave. 38 1-25-105' U.S - Government $2,320 $ 2,320 39 1-25-106 31 Lighthouse St. Holy Cross Church Society $3,375 $160,000 40 1-25-200 U.S. Government $1,000 $ 1,000 Al 1-25-201 U.S.-Government $5,000 $16,760 (including 1-25-302) 42 1-25-202 4550 Lake Ave. Charlotte Lodge No. 1088 $3,390 $ 8,000 FM & AM 4361 Lake Ave. 43 1-25-203 503 River St. Janice Macisak $1,120 $ 7,000 35 Chestnut St. 44 *1-25-204.1 501 River St. N.Y. Central & H.R. See note 45 *1-25-204.2 North of 475 N.Y. Central & H.R. See note River St. 46 1-25-205.9 475 River St. Tapecon Inc. $1,350 $ 1,870 475 River St. 47 1-25-205.7 465 River St. Tapecon Inc. $3,000 $29,200 475-River St. 48 1-25-207.1 West of 465 Tapecon Inc. $ 320 .$ 320 River St. 475 River St. 49 1-25-205.8 North of 46 George F. Erdle $ 970 $ 970 Latta Rd. 616 Van Voorhis Ave. 50 1-25-205.2 46 Latta Rd. George F. Erdle $ 270 $ 270 616 Van Voorhis Ave. 51 1-25-205.3 32 Latta Rd. Tapecon Inc. $ 550 $12,000 475 River St. 52 1-25-205.4 32 Latta Rd. Tapecon Inc. $ 290 290 F" 475 River St. 53 1-25-206.1 24-26 Latta Rd. Tapecon Inc. $1,060 $ 3,500 475 River St. 54 1-25-301.1 N.Y. Central 6, HeRa See note 55 1-25-301.2 504 River St. Russell L. Clement $3,500 $ 6,000 33 Crestfield St. 56 1-25-302 520 River St. U. S. Government Included in 1-25-201 57 1-26-101.1 1 South of Rochester Gas & $5,090 $;98,534 4560 Lake Ave. Electric Company 89 East Avenue 92 1-40-401 Florence Wallquist 10 10 490 Beach Ave. 93 1-40-402 Wilbur Lee Jacques 10 10 493 Beach Ave. 94 1-40-403 Wilbur Lee Jacques 10 10 493 Beach Ave. 95 1-40-404 Evan A. Hook & wf 10 10 26 Ruggles St. 96 1-40-405 John Ferraro & wf 10 10 294 Beach Ave. 97 1-40-406 Marie Brilceland 10 10 465-Beach Ave. ro F@ 00 98 1-40-407 Laura I. Marsh 10 10 510 Beach Ave. 99 1-40-408 Laura I. Marsh 10 10 510 Beach Ave.@ 100 1-40-409 Laura I. Marsh 10 10 510 Beach Ave. 101 1-40-410 Stanley R. Baird 10 10 477 Beach Ave. 102 1-40-411 Wilbur Lee Jacques 10 10 493 Beach,Ave. 103 1-40-412 Lillian Hart Alexander 30 30 514 Beach Ave. 104 1-40-413 Ron L. Kilmer & wf 20 20 512 Beach Ave. 105 1-40-414 City of Rochester $1,800 1,800 106 1-40-415 Milton W. Mummey & wf 40 40 70 Beach Ave. 107 1-40-416 R. Reed George 30 30 534 Beach Ave. 108 1-40-417 Otto Benz & wf 10 $ 10 546 Beach Ave. 109 1-40-418 Otto Benz & wf 30 30 546 Beach Ave. 110 1-40-419 Robert P. Lesco 10 10 528 Beach Ave. .111 1-40-420 Otto Benz 10 10 546 Beach Ave. 112 1-40-421.1 Otto Benz 30 30 546 Beach Ave. 113 1-40-421.2 John L. Lohman, Jr. & wf 10 10 556 Beach Ave. 114 1-40-422 John L. Lohman, Jr. & wf 10 10 556 Beac h Ave. 115, 1-40-423 John L. Lohman, Jr. & wf 10 10 556 Beach Ave. 116 1-40-424 John L. Lohman, Jr. & wf 10 .10 556 Beach Ave. 117 1-40-425 John L..Lohmanl Jr. & wf 10 10 556 Beach Ave. 118 1-40-426 The City of Rochester 30 30 119 1-40-427 Edward H. Carson 10 10 567 Beach Ave. 120 1-40-428 Anthony J. Agostinelli 10 10 576 Beach Ave. 121 1-40-429 Ella F. R. Fowler 40 40 122 1-40-502 510 Beach Ave., Laura I. Marsh 510 Beach Ave. 123 1-40-503 512 Beach Ave. Ronald Kilmer & wf $2,510 3,500 512 Beach Ave. 124 1-40-504 514 Beach Ave. Lilian Hert Alexander 514 Beach Ave. 125 1-40-505 Public Alley 126 1-40-301 528 Beach Ave. Robert P. Lesco $2,800 4,800 528 Beach Ave. 127 1-40-302 534 Beach Ave. R. Reed George &,wf $?-,Boo 6,300 534-Beach Ave. 128 1-40-303 544 Beach Ave. Otto Benz & wf $1,400 $ 1,400 546 Beach Ave. 129 1-40-304 546 Beach Ave. Otto Benz & wf $20800 $ 7,980 546 Beach Ave. 130 1-40-305 556 Beach Ave. John L. Lohman & wf $1,400 $ 1,400 556 Beach Ave. 131 1-40-306 560 Beach Ave, John L. Lohman wf $2,800 6,300 556 Beach Ave. 132 1-40-307 Public Alley FA 133 1-41-336 Anthony j. Agostinelli& wf 30 30 .576 Beach Ave. 134 1-41-335 Anthony J. Agostinelli& wf 60 60 576 Beach Ave. 135 1-41-334 'Anthony J. Agostinelli& wf 30 30 576 Beach Ave. 136 1-41-333 Anthony J. Agostinelli.&wf 100 100 576 Beach Ave. 137 1-41-332 Anthony J. Agostinelli & wf .60 60 576 Beach Ave. 138 1-41-331.1 Jane E.'Schmitt 150 150 .590 Beach Ave. 139 1-41-327 Thomas J. O'Rourke, 40 40 604 Beach Ave. 140 1-41-326 Thomas J. O'Rourke 10 10 604 Beach Ave. 142 1-41-325 Thomas J. O'Rourke -604 Beach Ave. 60 60 143 1-41-324 Eve. C. McNerney & 10 10 Augustus McNerney 5 Brockton St. 144 1-41-323.2 George Martin 30 30 42 Brockton St. 145 1-41-323.1 Charles,A. Collins & wf 60 60 614 Beach Ave.. 146 1-41-322 James P. Cahill,,Jr. 7. 7 23 Brockton St. 147 1-41-321 Vincent J. Dalto & wf 7 7 620 Beach Ave. 148 1-41-320 Harry Heisley & wf 10 10 626 Beach Ave. 149 1-41-319 Vincent J. Dalto & wf 40 40 620 Beach Ave. 150 1-41-318 Harry Heisley & wf 30 30 626 Beach Ave. .151 1-41-317 Alice A. Walters 90 90 635 Beach Ave. 152 1-41-316 Alice A. Walters 10 10 635 Beach Ave. 153 1-41-315 Alice A. Walters 90 90- 635 Beach Ave. 154 1-41-314 Alice A. Walters 10 10 635 Beach Ave. 155 1-41-313 Alice A. Walters 90 90 635 Beach Ave. 1-41-312 Hannah McGuire 30 30 642 Beach Ave. 157 1-41-311 Vito Arbore 60 60 60 Larch St. 158 1-41-310 David W. Stewart 40 40 Gretchen B.M. 675 Beach Ave. 159 1-41-309 George Carnes & wf 30 30 654 Beach Ave. 160 1-41-308 George Carnes & wf 70 70 654 Beach Ave. 161 1-41-307 Louis L. Lapi 10 10 670 Beach Ave-. 162 1-41-306 Louis.L. Lapi 120 120 670 BeachAve. .163 1-41-305 Louis L. Lapi 40 40 670 Beach Ave. 164 1-41-304 Louis L. Lapi 16 10 670 Beach Ave. 165 1-41-303.1 Lloyd A. Wright 100 100 682 Beach Ave. 166 1-41-301.1 Timothy 1. Maier & wf 30 30 700 Beach Ave. 167 1-41-405 566 Beach Ave. Anthony J. Agostinelli& wf $4,200 6,000 576 Beach Ave. 168 1-41-404.1 576 Beach Ave. Anthony J. Agostinelli & wf $7,340 $13,000 576 Beach Ave. 169 1-41-402 590 Beach Ave. Jane Schmitt $8,400 $22,000 590 Beach Ave. 170 1-4.1-401 604 Beach Ave. Thomas J. O'Rourke $2,800 $10,430 604 Beach Ave. 171 1-41-406 Public Alley 172' 1-41-704 614 Beach Ave. Charles A. Collins & wf $3,500 6,200 614 Beach Ave. 173 1-41-703 620 Beach Ave. Vincent J. Dalto & wf $3,500 $ 7,200 620 Beach Ave. 174 1-41-702 626 Beach Ave. Harry Heisley & wf $3,500 $ 7,100 626 Beach Ave. 175 1-41-701 642 Beach,Ave. Hannah McGuire $6,300 $10,500 642 Beach Ave. 176 1-41-705 Public Alley 177 1-41-205 656 Beach Ave. Geor'e Carnes & wf 4,900 $22,000 9 654.Beach Ave. 178 1-41-202.1 670 Beach Ave. Louis L. Lapi $9,100 $21,000 670 Beach Ave. 179 1-41-201 682 Beach Ave. Donald M. Forster $2,800 8,000 3799 Lake Ave. 180 1-41-206 Public Alley, 181 1-42-506 Timothy I. Maier & wf 120 120 700 Beach Ave. 182 1-42-505 L. Lawrence Kilmer & wf 60 60 702 Beach Ave. 183 1-42-504.1 Milton L. Ferry 80 80 708 Beach Ave. 184 1-42-503.1 Rochester School of 150 150 Holy Childhood 215 Andrews St. 185' 1-42-502 Cloverdale Corporation 30 30 1031 Lincoln Alliance Bldg. 186 1-42-304 700 Beach Ave. Timothy I. Maier & wf $5,600 $12,000 70O.Beach Ave. 187 1-42-303 702 Beach Ave. L. Lawrence Kilmer & wf $2,800 6,400 702 Beach Ave. 188 1-42-302.1 708 Beach Ave. Milton L. Ferry $2,@00 9,160 708 Beach Ave. 189 1-42-305 Public Alley ;190 1-42-301.1 720 Beach Ave. Rochester School of $4,900 $10,600 Holy Childhood 215 Andrews St. 191 1-42-203 730 Beach Ave. Charles F. Seuffert & wf $7,270 $21,000 730 Beach Ave. 192 [email protected] 760 Beach Ave. Allison F. Taylor and $3,660 $11,040 Ann B. Taylor 760 Beach Ave. 193 1-42-202.5 770 Beach Ave. Mrs. Mabel P. Shults $3,580 $15,060 770 Beach.Ave. 194 [email protected] 780 Beach Ave. Alfred 1. Hess & wf $7,400 $13,340 780 Beach Ave. @iI195 1-42-201.1 730 Beach Ave. Robert IH. Hurdbut $3,450 3,450 11 Crestview Dr. Pittsford 196 4-53-104 Coast Guard Station U. S. Government 197 4-53-.103 Summerville Drive Francis J. O'Loughin 960 3,850 116 Summerville Drive 198 @4-53-103 Pier City of Rochester 199 4-53-102 St. Paul Blvd. City of Rochester (leased to N.Y. State Naval Militia Armory 7-1-58 - 6-30-8j) 200 4-53-101 St. Paul,Blvd. State of New York 201 4-52-103.4 St.. Paul Blvd. County of Monroe Court House 39 Main St. West Rochester, N.Y. 202 4-52-103.6 Town Board Town of Irondequoit 203 4-52-102 St. Paul Blvd. Ralph Brothers Automotive $7,670 $21,250 Corp. 15 Ja-nes St. 204 4-52-110 St. Paul Blvd. Ralph Brothers Automotive (assessed with Corp. 4-52-102) 15 James St. 205 4-52-104 109 St. Paul Blvd. Ralph Brothers Automotive (assessed with 111 114 Corp. 4-52-102) 15 James St. 206 4-51-.102.1 St. Paul Blvd. Rochester Yacht Club Board of Directors St. Paul Blvd. 207 4-51-101.2 Lake Ontario Railroad Co. 208 4-51-101.4 Stutson St. Ontario Properties, Inc. Extension 105 Powers Building Rochester, N.Y. 209 4-51-101.7. Stutson St. Ontario Properties, Inc. Extension 105 Powers Building Rochester, N.Y. 210 .4-50-101.6 'Stutson St. City of Rochester 280 280 Ex Extension 211 4-50-101.9 Stutson St. Maximo Marina, Inc. $6,030. 7,450 Extension 47 Westgate Drive Rochester,,N.Y. 212 4-50-101.8 Stutson St. Genesee Yacht Club Extension Stutson St. Extension Rochester, N.Y. 213 4-50-101.4 Stutson St. Maximo Marina $4,7'90 7?050- Extension 47 Westgate Drive Rochester, N.Y. CO Railroad Properties in Tax District 25 Land $ 35,368 Total $119,.006 DURAND EASTMAN MAP KEY ASSESSOR ADDRESSES OF NAMES AND ADDRESSES ASSESSED VALUE NO. PARCEL CODES PROPERTIES OF OWNERS LAND TOTAL 1 2-16-117 City of Rochester 2 2-16-111 New York Central R.R. 2-17-102 Lake Ontario Shore R.R. 3 2-16-109 The Highlands Peter & Anne Spinelli $4,080 $15,600 2-16-108 @55'Clover Hills Drive $2,400 $ 2,400 2-16-107.1 Brighton, N.Y. $1,400 $ 1,400 4 2-16-106.1 The Highlands Edward & Elizabeth Dewey $2,000 $ 7,500 1772 Crittenden Rd. Rochester, N.Y. f r,j5 2-16-105 The Highlands Harcourt & Virginia 20 20 110 Sylvester The Highlands Rochester, N.Y. 6 2-16-104 The Highlands Patr icia.Dutcher $2,000 $ 6,000 The Highlands Wisner Rd. 7 2-16-103.1 Lake Shore Blvd. Raymond Lander, Jr. $2,000 $ 8,000 80 Delham Rd. Brighton, N.Y. 8 2-16-102.5 Lake Shore Blvd. Robert & Jacquelin Fields $2,030 $ 5,400 702 Rock Beach Road Rochester, N.Y. 9 2-16-102.1 Lake Shore Blvd. M. Demeritt $1,300 $10,000 5400 St. Paul Blvd. Rochester, N.Y. 10 2-16-116 (Boat lot) Robert & Jacquelin Fields (assessed with 702 Rock Beach Road 2-16-102.5) Rochester, N.Y. 11 2-16-115 (Boat lot) Robert & Jacquelin Fields (assessed with 702 Rock Beach Road 2-16-102.5) Rochester, N.Y. 12 2-16-114 (Boat lot) M. Demeritt (assessed with 5400 St. Paul Blvd. 2-16-102.1) Rochester, N.Y. 2-16-113 (Boat lot) Patricia Dutcher (assessed with The Highlands 2-16-104) Wisner Rd. Rochester, N.Y. 14 2-16-112 (Boat lot) Raymond Lander, Jr. (assessed with 80 Pelham Road 2-16-103.1) Brighton, N.Y. 15 2-17-110 City of Rochester $3,000 3,000 Ex 16 2-17-109 City of Rochester 17' 2-17-108 (Boat lot) Peter & Anne Spinelli (assessed with 2-16-109) 18 2-17-107 (Boat lot) Peter & Anne Spinelli (assessed with 2-16-109), 19 2-17-106 (Boat lot) Peter & Anne Spinelli (assessed with 2-16-108) 20 2-17-105 (Boat lot@ Peter Anne Spinelli (assessed with 2-16-107.1) 21 2-17-104 (Boat lot) Edward Elizabeth Dewey (assessed w@ 1772 Crittenden Road 2-16-106.1) Rochester, N.Y. 22 2-17-103 City of Rochester 160 23 2-17-111 City'of Roches-Eer 24 N/A City of Rochester 25 N/A City of Rochester 26 2-17-101 Durand Eastman City of Rochester Park REFERENCES 17' 77r9m'1777177-7 -77, 77 77-771 REFERENCES ADAMS' R. A. (1975a) Summary of talk presented on sAoreline erosion on Lake Ontario. Monroe County County Department of Planning, July, 1975. 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