Site analysis for the proposed Hackensack River County Park

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

571- ky

HACKENSACK RIVER

COUNTY PARK STUDY

HT
393
.N5
S58
1988

OCTOBER1987

SITE ANALYSIS'
FOR T'HE:
PROPOSED
HACKENSACK RIVER
COUNTY PARK

prepared for:

BERGEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

BERGEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS

with a grant from:

This report was prepared under contract with the New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Coastal
Resources, Bureau of Coastal Planning and Project Review with the
financial assistance of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management, under the provisions of the federal
Coastal Zone Management Act, P. 92-583, as amended.

prepared by:

DESIGN PROPERTIES OF LONG ISLAND, LTD.
Landscape Architects, Site Planners U . S . DEPARTMENT OF. COMMERCE NOAA
* COLE HAYES PRESIDENT COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
* DANA HEPLER PROJECT MANAGER 2234 SOUTH HOHOON, AVENUE
CHARLESTON SC 29405-24 13

DONNA PLUNKETT JOB CAPTAIN

Fproparty of CSC Library
Revised January 4, 1988 1
Revised November 18, 1987
Revised October 25, 1987
Revised October 8, 1987

HACKENSACK RIVER COUNTY PARK STUDY OUTLINE

PROGRAM

a) Purpose
b) Background
c) Location
d) Project

SECTION 1

A) The Site
B) Historic Context
C) Preservation and Natural Environment
D) Land Use of Subject Site
E) Hackensack River Drainage Area
F) Ecological Inventory

SECTION 2

0 Finfish Migratory Pathways
0 Intertidal & Subtidal Shallows
0 Filled Water's Edge
0 National Water's Edge - Floodplains
0 Wetlands
0 Wetland Buffers
0 Intermittent Stream Corridors
0 Historic & Archealogical Resources
0 Endangered or Threatened Wildlife or Vegetation
Species Habitats

SECTION 3

A-1) The Bergen County Soil Conservation District
A-2) Soil Borings
B) Freshwater
C) Marshland Corridor (Hackensack ARea)
D) Existing Pollution Problem
E) Wetland Hydrology
F) Intertidal - Flats
G) Palustrine

SECTION 4

0 Site Inventory and Analysis
0 Area One: Site Entrance
0 Area Twc: Detailed Site Description
0 Area Three: Existing Vehicular Access
0 ArEa Four: The Existing Trail System
0 Conclusions

CONCEPT PLAN

SECTION 5: RECREATION & AESTHETICS

SECTION 6: CONCEPT PLAN - AREA DESCRIPTIONS

0 Area 1: Site Entry

0 Area 2: Pedestrian and Vehicular Link to the Site (The Core)

0 Area 3: River Overlook

0 Area 4: Overlook

0 Area 5: Wetlands Walk

0 Area 6: Trail System

0 Area 7: Natural Traffic Circle

0 Area 8: River Walk

0 Area 9: The Point

0 Area 10: Active Area

0 Area 11: Path Junction

0 Area 12: Open Field

0 Area 13: Jogging Trail

0 Area 14A: Vehicular Access

0 Area 14B: Canoe Access

0 Area 15: Canoe Dock

0 Area 16: Future Boat Landing Area

Issued November 18, 1987

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I PROGRAM
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PROGRAM: As Defined by the Planning Director of Bergen County:

a) Purpose: This report details a concept plan for a 30 acre
site. This park will be the only County park in the Hackensack
River corridor and will provide much needed water-oriented
open space in a highly urbanized section of Bergen County.
This site is the second largest undeveloped tract in
the Hackensack River corridor and is highly accessible, being
adjacent to State Route 4. The proposed park will be an
integral unit of the Bergen County Park System that serves a
County population of 845,000. The site is located in the City
of Hackensack which had a 1980 population of 36,0939.
Directly across the river is the largest town in Bergen County,
Teaneck, with a 1980 population of 39,007. Within a 3 mile
radius of the site there is a resident population of
172,770 (1980). Population densities run from 8600 people
per square mile in Hackensack to 6200 people per square mile
in Teaneck. This park will be a true urban park in that it is
located in the heart of State's most populous County adjacent
to some of the most active land uses in the County. The
benefits of having a water-oriented green oasis in the midst
of the urban landscape are considerable and will add
immeasurably to the quality of life for the region's people.

b) Background: The County of Bergen, using HUD Open Space
and @ew Jersey Green Acres funds as well as County funds,
acquired the proposed park site in the 1970's along with
several other properties along the Hackensack River to
preserve them for open space and conservation purposes. In
addition approximately 3 acres were donated to the County
by abutting property owners. In 1975 a coordinated Hackensack
River Shoreline preservation and recreation plan was developed
by the Bergen County Planning Board. The proposed park is
endorsed by the City of Hackensack, the Bergen County Board
of Freeholders, the Bergen County Department of Parks and is
consistent with municipal and County master plans. Recent
contact was made with the N.J. Green Acres office concerning
funding who srongly recommended that a detailed design plan
be prepared.

c) Location: See attached maps. The Hackensack River County
Park wilF be located on a 30 acre site on the banks of the
Hackensack River just north of State Route 4. At this loca-
tion the River is subject to tidal flows. The site is in
the approximate center of the County. The proposed park site
is adjacent to the Riverside Square Mall shopping center who
has entered into legal agreements with the County to provide
parking areas and access roads to the park. In addition,
restaurant and restroom facilities at the mall are open
six days a week and will be available to park users. The
site is presently vacant and is covered with trees, tall
grass and shrubs. Many years ago most of the site was
covered with dredged sand deposits. At the southern edge
of the property is a 41/2 acre tidal marsh that is being
preserved in its natural state.

d) Project: The proposed Hackensack River County Park is
B_e-1_n-g-__pTanned as an area of natural greenery and riverside
tranquility in an otherwise congested, man-made environment.
The many residents of the surrounding communities and the
region can avail themselves of the recreational opportunities
in the park as well as the many people working in and visiting
the nearby commercial and office structures. The elements
to be assessed in the park design work will be the water
oriented activities such as boating and fishing, the potential
for bikeways/walkways, landscaping to enhance the natural
qualities of the site, open areas for play activities,
picnic areas, etc. Also to be studied is the environmental
sensitivity of the total site and especially the tidal marsh
area .

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I SECTION 1
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SECTION 1

A. The Site

The site is partially an old spoil area for dredged river channels which
has been virtually filled over with manmade materials at the center and
northern parts of the site. Most of the northern half of the site is
covered with small shrubs and occasional large tree masses; while the
southern portion is a relatively undisturbed marsh covered primarily with
phragmities. The terrain is sloping gradually from elevation 8'+- at the
west to 31� at the river's edge.

B. Historic Context

Low profile marquis, representative graphics and possible displays at
appropriate locations within the project site would educate the visitor to
Hackensack's early inhabitants (man and wildlife) through colonization to
recent history. A canoe link could possibly be made to link the historic
Steuben house to the north (Colonial period). Other items of interest
include: antique shops, Old New Bridge, New New Bridge, New Bridge Inn, and
the DeMarest House and Barn and Brett Park.

C. Preservation & Natural Environment

Although much of Bergen County shore line has been developed, only a few
segments of undisturbed wetlands remain in their natural state. The
project site is fortunate enough to have such a wetland. It is proposed
that this area (see plan) be left in its natural state except for
possible environmental walk on piers to allow a unique interactive
experience with an environment that most people don't know about and most
likely don't understand. The public's awareness, understanding and
appreciation of such an environment would be an invaluable resource.
Again, low-key markings would offer descriptions of ecological and
functional qualities of wetland's specific plant species, also how man has
affected this natural process.

D. Land Use of Subject Site

The impact of man is obvious and considerable along the Riverside Square
Mail and the "bulb out" area to the north where substantial filling has
resulted. The tidal wetlands as outlined on an areial survey supplied by
the Division of Coastal Resources and Development Organization does not
reflect current site conditions. Although a topographic survey of the
property is beyond our scope of work for this project, an attempt is made
using established RIM elevations to produce a base drawing that reflects
the current site conditions. With concept approval, a complete survey
would be recommended.

Manmade factors include fill, dumping piles of concrete, gravel, auto
debris, concrete pads along shoreline which has a particularly negative
impact from within the site and view from Andreas Park, as well as the
Fairlegh Dickinson Athletic Field. The site has two outflows with concrete
headwalls. The most southerly culvert has a 31� weir. Both are unsightly,
but with buffer planting can be mitigated. It is recommended that concrete
pads at the river's edge be removed as they represent the most blatent eye
sore. It is not clear whether the concrete pads were part of a
stabilization effort or dumped as miscellaneous fill. Their current
placement is random, without order. Other debris should also be removed, as
required by site design.

E. Hackensack River Drainage Area

The headwaters of the Hackensack River are located in the west �Iopes of
the Palisades (Haverstraw, NY), flowing is to the south, merging with the
Passaic before entering the Atlantic Ocean. The Hackensack River drainage
basin covers approximately 50% of Bergen and Hudson Counties and 112 of
Rockland County (NY) (Hackensack Meadowlands, 1971).

F. Ecological Inventory

The wetland soil information on the project site was obtained through
several sources. The U.S. Dept. of the Interior Division of Fish &
Vildlife Service has prepared the National Wetlands Inventory Maps which
indicate the southern portion of the site is relatively flat tidal
Riverine. The northern portion is indicated as Palustrine with broadleaved
deciduious scrub/shrub and forested areas. This is generally consistent
with the actual site characteristics, except that the tidal flats
border the project site and are not limited to the southern portion.

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I SECTION 2
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SECTION 2

RESPONSE TO RULES ON COASTAL RESOURCES & DEVELOPMENT
(N.J.A.C. 7:7E-1.1 et seq.)

Finfish Migratory Path%ays

7.7E-3.5a. Finfish Migratory Pathways are located in the Hackensack River
corridor, as far north as the Oradell Dam. Although with water quality
improving frow, point and nonpoint sources, thE following anadramous fish
population have been collected and would be expected to increase*:

0 Yellow Perch
0 Alewife (River herring)
0 Mummichog
0 Alosa sapidissima (American shad)
0 White Perch
0 Black Crappie
0 Carp
American Eel
0 Blueback Herring
0 Goldfish
0 Golden Shiner
0 White Sucker
0 Killifish
0 Pumpkinseed
0 Pumpkinseed
0 Largemouth Bass

7.7E-3.5b. The program for the proposed Hackensack Park does not lend
itself to severe developments and site perturbations, which would
adversely effect fish movement or migratory pathways. The possibility of a
canoe boat launch has been suggested and is discussed further in Section
Four. Insofar as a canoe launch and supporting pier structure, any
disturbance would thus be installed in accordance with the N.J. standards
for soil erosion and sediment control, and will be installed in proper
sequences and maintained until permanent protection is established.
Another alternative to be investigated is tempcrary floating docks attached
to a permanent bulkhead of either wood or concrete. In respect to any
construction in the corridor, the following timing restrictions for no
turbidity are as follows: Spring spawning, April - June 30; Fall spawning,
September 3 - November 30 (mainly herring).

There are a significant number of concrete slabs abutting the water's edge
and although the visual profile is low from the majority of the site, an
inspection from the water's edge reveals an ugly sight. Visual enhancement
in the form of vistas would be limited, especially at low tide when slabs
are most evident. The contrast between the white concrete and the mud flats
is undesirable. It is recommended in high profile views those segments of
concrete slabs (approximately 6' x 4' x 8") be removed. If removed, the
N.J. Division of Fish, Game, & Wildlife should be consulted in this area
of enhancement work prior to the removal of any structures.

Collected by Division of Fish & Game & Shellfisheries and/or others.

Intertidal & Subtidal Shallows

7:7E-3.15b.1 Although it is recognized any disturbance is generally
discouraged in the shallows, certain side slope improvements are suggested
where the flats abutt severe edge conditions with slopes in excess of 20%.
See N.J.A.C. 7:7E-4 and Site Analysis Drawing.

7:7E-3.15b.2 It is stated that in conditions where there is no feasible
alternative route that would avoid disturbing the intertidal and subtidal
shallows, an infrastructure is conditionally acceptable. The piers to
support a proposed canoe dock would be constructed with acceptable
standards to avoid washout/failure or any other hazard. It should be noted
a canoe dock would not be obtrusive or as dominant as a typical "boat
dock", for motorized transport.

Filled Water's Edge

7:7E-3.16a Although the Corps of Engineers still regard the Hackensack
River as navigable at this point, the river has not been dredged in some
time* and the alluvial deposits have raised the basin such that motorized
transport above Route 4 is virually nonexistent. This, combined with the
large inter-tidal shallows, renders marina activity impractical without
dredging. It is, however, conceivable to provide small canoe boating
activity in the project during periods of high tide. The Hackensack River
Canoe Club has several landing locations from Stubens down to points
south. (Documentation of actual landings pending Hackensack Canoe Club.)

7:7E-3.16b The waterfront portion of the filled water's edge is defined as
a contiguous area at least equal in size to the area within 100' of
navigable water measured from the mean high water line (MHWL). This
conflicts with the definition in Section 7:7E-1.5(CB) which described
"navigable", including by canoe, measured at mean low tide. For this
analysis, MHWL has been delineated as per 7:7E-3.16. Although extensive
inter-tidal shallows exist at low tide, it is believed the waterfront
portion of the site can be developed with water dependent use, such as
public waterfront recreation, including short term docking for canoes as
per 7:7E-1.5(C11). On site servicing and storage of canoes is not
recommended.

With respect to the rationale concerning canoe activity on the site, it is
recommended that recreational boating (restricted to canoeing) be
conditionally utilized. This is in conformance with the N.J.A.C. policy to
allow and protect the public's right to use tidal waters for naviation,
when environmental conditions permit.

National Water's Edge - Floodplains

7:7E-3.18 See analysis plan for delineation. Development other than water
dependent uses are prohibited within 100' of a navigable water body.
Again, a conflict arises concerning navigable. For the purpose of this
analysis, the MHWL has been used.

*Fairleigh Dickenson University dredged approximately 485,000 cubic
yards in project vicinity, 1970 (N.J.D.E.P.)

Concerning subsection b2, it is not recommended that ballfields and tennis
courts be considered, as it is not consistent with the esthetics and
character of the site; even though major portions have been filled and a
mega commercial development abutts the site. Please note an area for
intense use has been delineated if this use should be desired, but again is
not recommended. Also, please note the floodplain delineation applies only
to floodplains-which have not been distrubed by filling.

Wetlands

7:7E-3.25 The tidal wetlands, as well as the fresh water wetlands,
locations have been delineated on the analysis drawing. Development in
these areas would constitute minor path crossings only.

Wetland Buffers

7:7E-3.26 As development in the subject area is very passive, it is
believed that requirements for a buffer area are minimal. Buffers are
Suggested in the following areas:

1. Adjacent to the canoe dock on existing fill. (See plan)

2. Buffer between existing parking garage and proposed lookout
deck. (Also on existing fill).

3. Visual and ecologic buffers should be located south of the site
entry drive juxtaposition to the exisiting Mobil station. The
existing gravel and miscellaneous fill piles should be removed and
regraded to improve visual access and remove unsightly material.

intermittent Stream Corridors

7:7E-3.30 Contributing manmade swales are identified on the analysis plan.
Storm runoff and debris is collected via street flow to an asphalt swale
which parallels their property and empties to the northwest portion of our
site. This area, which is identified as a possible emergency entry, is a
visual eye sore. Concrete remains, auto parts, gravel and
miscellaneous dumped material frequent this area. Access to this area
should be controlled and the feasibility of a catch bsin with a bubbler to
prevent parking lot sediment, debris and garbage from reaching the outflow
and into the Hackensack. Minor maintenance of the clean out would occur,
but considering the enormous volume of debris from the adjacent owners
parking lot, which ends up floating in the Hackensack River, a bubbler may
be worth considering, even though such structures are generally not allowed
in floodplain areas.

Historic & Archealogical Resources

7:7E-3.34 Although historic and archealogical resources have been
researched in the site vicinity (by other sources*), no applicable
artifacts have been documented. Considering a large portion of the site
has been filled, coupled with the alluvial soil substrada, archealogical
resources would not be likely. Vicinity historical landmarks are referenced
on the site analysis plan.

* Miceli Weed Kulik, Inc., 1976.

Endangered or Threatened Wildlife or Vegetation Species Habitats

7:7E-3.36 In addition to the site analysis, preliminary field
investigations were performed to determine endangered or threatened
wildlife. Endangered wildlife was not encountered.

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I SECTION 3
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SECTION 3

A-1. The Bergen County Soil Conservation District

The Bergen County Soil Conservation District has determined the project
soils to be:

Ur - Urban Land: Soils with a minimum of 85% hard surface (i.e.
pavement, buildings). True soil type may be inferred from neighboring
soil types or ocnfirmed by an on-site soil boring.

Ue - Udorthent, wet substratum: More than likely wetland or hydric
soil that has been filled with artificial soils a minium of 3'.

The Ur is obviously referring to the commErcial development adjacent to our
site. There are no hard pavements on the project site. The classification
of Ue is more in line with the filled area of the site and is also supported
by soil borings in the northern part of the site.

A-2. Soil Borings

On or about March 8, 1974, F.H. Lehr Associates Civil Engineers, performed
several soil borings on the project site (See analysis plan for location).

A summary is described below:

ThE borings indicate the surface is covered with miscellaneous fill
ranging in thickness from 21 to 8'. The material varies in
composition from clean granular soil to rubble and debris. The
relative density ranges from loose to very compact.

Below the fill there are organic silts, organic clays, and peat
ranging in thickness from approximatley 2 to 10'. ThEse soils have a
soft consistency and are highly compressible. These soils were the
surface deposits of the virgin ground.

Underlying the organic layer and extending to depths ranging from 45'
to 100' are-varied silts, clays, silty fine sands and gravelly sands.

Ground water was observed within 31 at all boring locations.

For usage on soils in the boring area and the site in general are limited
to small structures on shallow spread footings. Typical paving systems
should be natural porous or nonporous material while areas subject to heavy
traffic and/or sensitive would be conducive to a boardwalk system on piers
to minimize impact. Structure should be designed to allow light to reach
plant material and wet areas below the structure.

It appears obvious that these fill materials have rendered the tidal
wetland inventory obsolete.

B. Freshwater

Freshwater wetlands have been documented on the site analysis plan. The
average amount of freshwater recharge available to the subject portion of
the site varies on a daily basis. Flow from Oradell Reservoir, Coles Brook
and others vary seasonably. Flows from storm drains on the subject site
were active during site inspections.

C. Marshland Corridor (Hackensack Area)

Wetland plant material in the project area is listed but not limited to the
following:

0 Phragmites communis (reed grass)

The most dominant marsh vegetation, the reed supports large
populations of aphids and lady bugs which in turn are food
source for praying mantis and birds.

Please note that throughout the project including the southern
portion, the phragmities have entered an upland situation
and cannot always be governing factors in determining wetland
boundries.

In the Hacksensack River corridor the following were observed

0 Blue Heron
0 Egret
0 Canadian Geese (Branta canadeusis)
0 Muskrat (Ondatra zibetheca)
0 Grey Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)
0 Black Duck (Anas rubripes)
0 Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
0 Opposum (Dielphis Virginiana)

D. Existing Pollution Problem

For the park to be used as a relief from the surrounding urban area,
contact with the environment brings up potential problems. Point sources
of pollution in the project area, as identified by Miceli Weed Kulik 1976,
should be verified as to their status.

E. Wetland Hydrology

Bergen County's distribution of Palustrine wetland acreage is relatively
low when compared to other N.J. counties (See figure ).

The presence of water form flooding, surface water runoff, general water
discharge, or tides is the driving force creating and maintaining wetlands.
The hydrologic mechanisms determine the nature of the soils, types of
plants, animals and general ecology of the wetland. To accurately define
the hydrology in delineating the wetland requires extensive research of
flood durations, water table fluctuations and ground water relationships.
This information is normally gained through intense long-term studies,
although for this analysis other techniques were utilized to determine the
porject site's wetland hydrology. Their criteria are listed below in order
of importance:

1. Elevation
2. Soil Characteristics
3. Plant Material
4. Water marks on vegetation
5. Water transported debris on base of vegetation.
6. Water stained leaves.

These items were used to approximate the delineation of the tidal wetlands
on the analvsis map.

PALUSTRINE wETLAND ACREAGE THOUSANDS)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
COUNTY -
ATLANTIC I
BERGEN 01
BURLINGTON I
CAMDEN I
CAPE MAY

CUMBERLAND

ESSEX

GLOUCESTER LEGEND:
HUDSON FORESTEDWETLAND

HUNTERDON SCRUB-SHRUBWETLAND

MERCER EMERGENT WETLAND

MIDDLESEX NOTSPECIFIED

MONMOUTH

MORRIS

OCEAN
PASSAIC EN
SALEM

SOMERSET

SUSSEX

UNION

V@ARREN

Figure 10. Relative distribution of palustrine wetland in New Jersey.

Bergen County *

Bergen County was ranked 16th among counties in the
extent of wetlands. Only about 7% of the county was
covered bv wetland ( 10,084 acres). Most of this resource
was palus'trine wetland (6,319 acres), with deciduous
forested wetland comprising 43% ofthe county's wetland
acreage. Estuarine emergent wetland was also extensive,
accounting for about 3 3% of the acreage.

Estuarine Wetlands
Emergent 3,230 a.
Other 494 a.
Estuarine Subtotal 3,724 a.

Riverine Tidal Wetlands 41 a.

Palustrine Wetlands
Open Water 679 a.
Emergent 560 a.
Deciduous Scrub-Shrub 753 a.
Deciduous Forested 4,327 a.
Palustrine Subtotal 6,319 a.

Bergen County Total 10,084 a.

This county also possessed 7,749 acres of deepwater
habitat. Most of this was estuarine water, with lacustrine
water (e.g., reservoirs) also important.

Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Division of Fish & Wildlife:
National Wetlands Inventory of New Jersey

The fresh water wetlands are subject to tidal flooding. The river flow and
tidal flooding interact to create a rather complicated hydrology. Areas
flooded and exposed at least once a day by the tides are considered
regularly flooded like they are downstream, but the wetlands that are not
subject to daily tidal flooding are generally thought to be classifed as
temporary flooded-tidal.

Temporary flooded-tidal wetlands areas tend to be flooded infrequently and
when flooded, water does not usually persist for more than a few days.
These areas are conducive to most recreational activity although site
structures such as gazebos are not recommended here. Walk systems and walk
on piers would be acceptable.

F. Intertidal - Flats

These areas of mud and/or sand encompase the site periphery. They are
typically flooded by tides and exposed to air twice daily. The mud flats
seem to be devoid of macrophytes, although a smooth plant resembling clumps
of cordgrass appear at higher elevation. It is recommended that this area
remain in its natural condition except for pier construction associated with
the canoe dock.

G. Palustrine Forested Wetlands

Palustrine Forested Wetlands are characterized by the presence of woody
vegetation taller than 20'. It should be noted that the majority of the
large plant material located on site is located on fill.

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I SECTION 4
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SECTION 4

SITE INVENTORYANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

The following is a written narrative of the existing conditions found on the
site. Along with the existing conditions, some conclusions are made and
recommendations for the types and levels of proposed uses are made. The
narrative is keyed to the plan by assigning different names and numbers to
the use areas. Letters are used to describe sub-use areas or to denote a
particular element of interest that was encountered.

@
AREA ONE: Site Entrance

The site entrance area is presently visually displeasing.
There is no smooth transition from the edge of the parking
garage and the edge of the existing vegetation. There are piles of
concrete rubble and garbage that should be removed. (See photo 1)
Although many pedestrians would not actually enter from this point,
it could be a strong visual cue that the park exists. This would
then be reinforced when people see the promenade with its
pedestrian link. It is advisable that some sort of sign
announce the park and its uses.

This visual entrance is a very important feature of the
entire system as without it people may not realize that it is for
public use or they might not realize the extent of the system. A
vegetative buffer at the edge of the parking garage is important
because it will help to give the feeling of the park really being
separate and of the natural environment. (See photo 2) With the site
signage and some ornamental vegetation, as well as a site clean-up,
this area could be a fine introduction to the area.

PHOTO 1

PROPOSED SITE FOR ENTRANCE SIGN

.'t,"R

PHOTO 2

VIEW FROM ACROSS RIVER SHOWING EXISTING WETLANDS

AND THE NEED TO BUFFER PARKING GARAGE

AREA TWO: Detailed Site Description

The area directly behind the parking area is a linear waterfront space with
the potential to connect the northern path systems with the wetlands to the
south. (See Photo 3) Immediately adjacent to the concrete curb line of the
Riverside Square Parking garage is a strip of planted turfgrass. Moving
away from the structure, the indigenous flora is present. For distances of
100'-200', the primary vegetation is meadow like with knee high grasses,
probably rye grass and switch grass.

Moving closer to the water's edge in the grass beds are a series of
wildflowers, the predominant one being Solidago californica, California
Goldenrod (See P-1). Goldenrod thrives in the full sun that is available
here in this open grass zone and can always be found in moist soils,
although it does well in drought or poor and heavy soils. The narrow, erect
plant is somewhat arching with showy, golden vertical clusters of flowers
in the summer and fall. On the outer edge of the grass zone, and in some
areas in a zone by itself, is Artemesia dracunculus or tarragon (See P-2).
This is a 2'-@' high species with long, narrow, dark green leaves. In
midsummer tiny greenish-whitish flowers bloom, adding to the overall fine
texture that is apparent. Tarragon is an herb used primarily in French
cooking, with the leaves having a subtle anise flavor.

Beyond the grass zone, for a distance of between 10' and 25' is an area
characterized.by larger lowland vegetation including Fraxinus pennsylvanica
lanceolata or'Green Ash (See P-3), Morus alba or White Mulberry (See P-4),
Ulmus americana or AME-rican Elm (See P-5), and some clumps of Populus
deltoides or Eastern Poplar (See P-6) in the northern portion of the
promenade area. These species are indicative of lowland ecosystems and
here they are on the border or transition zone that is further
characterized by a fairly abrupt change in grade that slopes down to the
mud flats. These species do occur on the upper portion of the slopes, but
are non-existent at the base of the slope and or the flats. The lowland
vegetation creates a visual buffer to the water's edge in this area,
however, because of the width of the river in this section, it is ever
present. This edge has strong potential for a good visual-physical
connection to the river at the ground level.

The mud flats are primarily characterized with phragmites. There is not
much vegetation in this zone as it is probably submerged 50% of the time.
There are exposed, however, clumps of dark green, narrow, upright foliage
that is probably from the pond lily family.

............... .... . . . . . . . .

PHOTO 3

VIEW FROM ACROSS RIVER TO PROPOSED PROMENADE AREA.

EXISTING VEGETATION WOULD REMAIN WITH SELECTIVE VIEWS CUT ONLY

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Artemosle dracunculus Tarragon P-2

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Morus albe White Mulberry P-4

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PHOTO 4

VIEW OF PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN LINK FROM MALL AND PROMENADE AREA
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AREA THREE: Existing Vehicular Access

It is necessary to create a visual key or direction that
denotes where users to the area would park since not everyone
will use the pedestrian access from the mall. The area we are
recommending is noted on the plan. (See photo 5) This particular
area is presently completely outdoors and not under the parking
garage. It stands out on its own because it is outside. It is a
good area to bring people in because from here there could be a path
up to the end of the promenade. Here there would be the option
of going in three directions. One route could be to the trail
system, another could be to the west to the canoe launch area, or
one could enter the promenade area and travel south. This area
should be denoted with signage and plant materials that buffer
and soften the edge where the building and parking meets the
natural grass areas. It is an appropriate area to bring
vehicular users in because it will have its own sense of entry;
which helps the user find their way and have a sense of
direction.

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PHOTO 5

VIEW OF EXISTING VEHICULAR ACCESS

AREA FOUR: The Existing Trail System*

Area four is existing as a mass of turf grass turning into phragmites with
no apparent path going through. (See Photo 6) Presently there are spots
where the water table may be high as the ground is wet. The entire network
of foot paths that exists in the northern portion of the site are
disconnected and need a viable link to the promenade. Point 4 could be
this connection as it could also be the junction at which points 3 and 5
are connected. It is also a good possibility because it is the shortest
distance from the mall structures to the existing path network, given the
proposed access points 2 and 3. Point three should function as the
transition from the built environment to the more natural. The entire path
network should be enchanced to accentuate the feeling of an "oasis".

4a. As one arrived at this point along the existing path, it is advisable
to have this be a wood deck structure to announce the feeling of beginning.
This would be appropriate if the linkage path was also wood construction.
Although the visitor would be able to go in either direction, for purposes
here the discussion will go towards the west. Presently, at this point,
there is a stand of Populus deltoides, Eastern Poplars (See P-6),
approximately 10-15 trees; this is a noteworthy mass. They could function
in creating a "shade space" that could have a sign describing the area and
the idea of a self-guided nature trail. Particular plant species could be
labeled in the field and described as to their relevance in this lowland
ecosystem. (See Phcto 7 which shcws view of building at this point.)

4b. Moving westerly along the existing path where the wood path
construction would continue, there is all phragmites. They are so overgrown
at this point that the path is really not passable. Some sort of control
would be necessary to maintain a path in this area. Hence, continuing the
wood construction for the path would help create a hard edge that would
control the phragmites to some degree. Routine cutting maintenance would
be necessary in this section as the phragmites are a very vigorous species.

4c. This area of the existing path is characterized by larger, more upland
type vegetation. (See Photo 8) The phragmites begin to fade out and the
overhead canopies create a comforting shade as up until now the blaring sun
was unavoidable. The feeling of a built environffent is totally removed
now, particularly as the mall buildings are not in sight. Among the
vegetation present in this area are Betula nigra, River Birch (See P-7),
Populus deltoides, Eastern Poplar, Liquidambar styraciflua, American
Sweetgum (See P-8). The path here could be softer, possibly wood chips and
the change in vegetation could be flagged with signage.

The existing path system (established in part by dirt bikes over the
years) was used for orientation of site conditions and accounts at this
time. It is not intended to reflect what the trail system or any path
system may look like in the final design.

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PHOTO 6

AREA BETWEEN EXISTING PARKING LOT

AND EXISTING TRAIL SYSTEM

PHOTO 7 PHO T 0 8

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PHOTO 9 PHOTO 10

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Se-tula n1gra River Birch

Li.quidambar styraciflue American SweetgUnl P-B

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Robinis pseudoacecle Black Locu.st P-9

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Querous valutina Black Oak P-10

4d. Arriving at this node along the path system, the overhead enclosure is
increased wth the mature woods that are encountered. This area is
approximately at the center of the whole north portion of the site. The
river is not apparent visually or from the existing vegetation. Here
vegetation includes Liquidambar styraciflua, American Sweet Gum, Rotinia
pseudoacacia, Black Locust (See P-9), Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata,
Green Ash and Quercus velvtina, Black Oak (See P-10). This spot has an
open sandy area approximately 201 x 201 (See Photo 9) that could act as a
children's tot lot with timber climbing structures. This would be
appropriate because it is away from the water's edge, shady and presently
cleared with woods around it. This space also acts as the first junction
where two directions are possible - one that loops back to the east or
further west.

4e. Heading west to this point is another junction. The options are either
to go west out to the further point jutting into the river or to the north.
At this point the evidence of the shore line is more apparent with the soil
being sandy and larger vegetation disappearing. The sun is full here and
one is lead to the west as the openess lends a view to a larger open area.
Walking through to the next point one encounters an entire grove of Robinia
pseudoacacia, Black locust and 3' high grasses.

4f. This spot is named "the beach" because of its open sandy areas with
soft clumps of grasses at the edge and interspersed throughout. (See Photo
10) Although the water is not in full view, it is apparent and this area
could be used as a picnic area, sunbathing and passive games such as
volleyball, frisbee, and the like. Although this a rather sunny spot,
there is some shade relief nearby. Also the possibility for a chi'ldren's
play area exists here if it was desirable to combine the eating and play
areas.

4g. A few steps to the west of "the beach" is the river view area. This
is an appropriate spot for a viewing platform as this point juts out into
the river and does afford views across and down the river. (See Photo 11)
This is also a shade area with mature Populus deltoides, Eastern Poplar,
Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust, and Rhus sp. creating nice overhead
cover. As groundcover, Lonicers prostrata, Creeping Honeysuckle is evident.
This area is important as there are not many areas to be directly related
to the waterfront along the existing pathsystem and this view could allow
for presentation of the waterfowl that are present along the river
corridor.

4h. This section of path is noted as it has a character unique from any
other stretch. There is a soft, but thick overhead created from two
species: Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust and Rhus typhina, Staghorn
Sumac. (See P-11) These are both growing up and arching over the path to
create a pleasant, shady enclosure. (See Photo 12) Areas like this will, of
course, be kept intact with wood chips added for a base and signage
identifying the overhead. From here one travels north to a small junction
where you can go to the west to another small island-like area or to the
east which is the northern most loop path.

4i. Heading west to the furthest point there is a focal tree at this
particular spot. It is a clump of Liquidambar styraciflua, AME-rican Sweet
Gum and it really is noteworhty as a landmark in this area. At the tree it
might be suggested to have a few benches for seating.

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PHOTO 11 PHOTO 12

iPHOTO 13 PHOTO 14

Rhus typhins Staghorn Sumac P-11

4j. This is the northern most point along the trail system and is
noteworthy because it is surrounded by water for III degrees. (See Photo
13) There is primarily Populus deltoides, Eastern Popular in this area and
also phragmites are thick and prevent views to the river and creek that is
to the east. There is an open sand area here, as well, and would be
appropriate for more secluded picnics and possibly a stopping point for
canoes that would be leaving from point 5. It is suggested that some
selected views be cut to the creek area in this spot. This would be yet
another type of ecosystem that has not occured on the site yet and would
give a more well rounded educational coverage.

4k. This area is the northern most path that runs east/west and loops back
to the main trail system. This is called the woodlands because it has a
character unlike any other area on the site. The existing topography is
more undulating in this area and the overhead canopies create a completely
shaded walk. The rolling ground plane does not have a thick understory and
there is predominantly sandy soil. This area might be a possible area for
limited BBQ set-ups and some picnic tables. This area, however, would
require some pre-maintenance as there are piles of concrete rubble that
appear to have been dumped here. The area appears neglected and nf)t in
keeping with the natural environment. It is worthy of discussion as there
is again another ecosystem occuring that adds to the overall site
diversity. .

41. This area has an indirect access from a parking area, however, because
you cross a drainage easement, it is not recommended as such. This area
would also require some cleaning up and some proposed plant materials to
focus direction back onto the path.

4m. Looping back southerly and coming out of the woods or actually on the
edge where there is more light but still larger vegetation present. At
this point there is a majestic Populus deltoides and a Salix nigra, Black
Willow (See P-12) which indicates the transition to possibly a wetter soil.
From this point one travels east with the edge of the woods to the right
and the more open vegetation to the left. It is not possible in this area
to perceive the built environment at all, as it has not been for a while
along the trail sequence. This creates a strong feeling of being
completely immersed in nature and reinforces and accentuates one's
attention on the surroundings.

4n. Starting at this area and heading south back to the point of
beginning, we encountered some wet areas in some areas making it impossible
to pass. (See Photo 14) The vegetation corresponded with the wetter
conditions and included Acer rubum, Swamp Maple (See P-13), Populus
deltoides, Eastern Poplar, Cornus sanquinea, Bloodtwig Dogwood (See P-14) and
Cephalanthus occidentalis, Button Bush (See P-15), along with phragmites.
It is recommended that where wet spots are encountered a wood construction
path be built that sits above grade with minimal disruption to the fragile
ecosystem. To the north and east from these areas it is primarily a
freshwater wetlands system that would remain untouched and the path system
would only go along the fringe.

The trail system has made a complete and coherent loop back to the point of
beginning which will help reinforce the promenade as the transition space
linking north and south, as well as a viable area in and of itself. The
existing path system is a viable route that affords a variety of uses and a
varied educational experience. It did not seem appropriate to create any
new path directions, but rather to fully enhance the existing one. Using
paving materials, field markers, educational signage and a variety of
indigenous vegetation, the entire system could really be a natural retreat
in a semi-urban context.

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Salix nigra Blaok Willow p- 12

Acer rubrum Swamp Maple p-13

Cornus sangulnes Bloodtwig Dogwood p-14

Cephalanthus occidentalls Button Bush P-15

AREA FIVE: Potential Canoe Dock

The preliminary location of a potential canoe dock has been identified on
the site inventory plan. This proposed facility will be documented later
in the conceptual phase of this project.

AREA SIX: Existing Marsh/Wetland
(Southern portion of project site adjacent to
Route 4 and the Hackensack River.)

This area is the most established and characteristically true wetland on
the subject site, as it has been relatively free of fill and disturbance
for some time. The construction of Route 4 (1940's est.) to the south and
the Riverside Square Mall to the north and west encapsulates the wetlands
area which is dominated by phragmites. Although no borings were taken in
this area, it is apparent, considering the topography, surface soil
condition, and alluvial deposits at low tide, that this area exhibits
classic wetland characteristics. The reeds support large populations of
aphides and lady bugs which in turn are food source for larger species in
the food chain.

Please note that within the project site, including the southern wetland
portion, the Phragmites communis (Reed grass) have entered an upland
situation which is the reason phragmites cannot be used as a primary basis
for determining wetland delineations.

CONCLUSIONS

The essence of the Hackensack River study is to use the
site analysis to create a coherent open space network for public
use. The idea of having a defined entrance for people and cars,
leading to a directed series of spaces that are all interconnected
is imperative. Presently, the site is broken up and is not
perceived as a complete piece. In order for it to function as a
viable open space, the appropriate direction and order should be
given to the users so they can utilize the spaces to the fullest.
Again, though, the emphasis is placed on the site's inherent
qualities and sensitivities and the preservation of these. The
intent is not to transform the river front into something that is
much unlike the present overall character. With the introduction
of sensitive design, the site can be enhanced to give a higher
educational level.

CONCEPT PLAN

HACKENSACK RIVER

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SECTION FIVE
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SECTION 5

RECREATION & AESTHETICS

Destruction or alteration of wetlands eliminates or minimizes their values,
as well as contributing to the poor water quality and effects floodplain
limits. It is thus very important to a densly populated county like
Bergen, where extensive wetlands have already been lost due to over
development, that the remaining wetlands be preserved as a public resource.

It is preferable that the ecology of the project site be preserved as much
as possible, and the urban context be minimized outside of the "core" for
the most part. (Area 2 & 3 of the concept plan, Sheet 3)
Comments on various issues are as follows:

A. ANALYSIS

Parking Lot Facade

Analysis:

The massive structure at times is camouflaged when viewing from across
the river, but generally the mass of white concrete needs to be toned
down.

Recommendation:

The facade parallel to the river which incorporates the main stair
link to the shopping center is perceived as an active pedestrian
area. Some unifying elements which could be implemented are:

1. Canvas awnings to facilitate seating/people watching areas.

2. "Old-fashioned" rolling security grills to limit access to
specified areas.

3. Large uncluttered lattice work to allow espalier and fastigiate
plant material to mimic the facade.

4. Large vegetation screen.

5. Combination of several methods.

Signage

Analysis:-

No park signage exists from the mall or vicinity streets.

Recommendation:

1. Low-key signage consisting of raised wood or sand blasted wood
signs, unilluminated.

2. All wood construction, with minor ornamentation.

3. Coordianted paint colors for educational signage, directions,
etc.

Lighting

Analysis:

No lighting other than parking lights exist at present.

Recommendation:

1. Establish low-key lighting to link mall parking to park.

2. Establish low level lights on the main boardwalk for evening
users and tired shoppers.

3. Establish low level lighting on major path system. This should
be idealy limited to above ground circulation systems, other than
security lighting.

Surface Materials

Analysis:

The site can be traveled by pedestrians with some difficulty, and in a
few conditions, great difficulty.

Recommendation:

1. Enhance major path system ideally with porous materials or with
impervious materials as park maintenance requires.

2. Use above ground system for sensitive areas (deck on piers).

3. Provide special paving and plant materials between mall and
park access stairs at the parking lot.

Central Focal Point

Analysis:

No need to use site at present.

Recommendation:

1. A central focal point should be established near the parking lot
access stairs.

2. Focal point size should be low-key, but urban and accommodate
medium pedestrian surges.

3. Focal point should encompass a quality overlook from the river's
banks, selective pruning and clearing to enhance views,
interaction with canoes, etc. View to ice skating at Andreas
Park would also be a seasonal point of interest from a gazebo-
like structure.

Maintenance

Analysis:
@urrent site requires no maintenance, although erosion on river banks
is evident as slope in excess of 20% exhibits undermining problems.

Recommendation:

All parties concerned evaluate for maintenance responsiblity
and budget parameters. Wetland materials shall be used on sensitive
areas subject to erosion. Establish additional wetland areas with
approved plant material. The open spaces for park user may require
unusual maintenance techniques to curb upland phragmities expansion.

Canoe Dock

Analysis:

Canoeing would be Imited to period of relative high water unless
dredging is undertaken. Because of the environmental disturbance to
existing wildlife, groundwater, as well as the expense and arduous
approval process, this scenario seems unlikely.

Recommendation:

There are several locations which have steep banks and relatively
narrow mud flats that would be suitable for a canoe dock (See site
analysis plan). Further survey information would be needed to
determine dock footage requirements. A dock which could accommodate
10 slips would seem reasonable. Confirmation of current usage volumes
by the Hackensack Canoe Club is pending.

Alternative 1:

Due to environmental and maintenance limitations a permanent headwall
or bulkhead with attachment for a floating canoe dock or a structured
ramp is recommended.

Alternative 2:

An interim solution to facilitate phasing requirements or monetary
constraints may be to provide a stone ramp on grade to meet MHWL with
cut on side slope to be stabilized with rip-rap material. See analysis
documents for seasonal construction limits for turbidity. Because of
the eventual "double construction" with an interim and a permanent
design, alternative one is obviously preferred.

Parking Facilities

Analysis:

Primary usage is expected on summer weekends and evenings during the
week. Existing parking facilities are to be utilized as per an
agreement with the mall developers (Approximately 90 spaces
allocated).

Recommendation:

A drop-off area to enhance traffic circulation in the garage is
recommended to provide park visibility/safety.

Canoe users will access the site at selected locations only.

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SECTION 6

CONCEPT PLAN - AREA DESCRIPTIONS

Area 1: Site Entry

0 Provide park logo and effective, but low-key, signage to increase
park visibility to user groups:

0 Mall retail customers
0 Mall employees
0 Adjacent office park staff
0 Educational institutions
0 General public.

0 Entry view to be cleaned up.

0 Area of fill between garage and wetlands to be reestablished
with combination of maintained grass area and reestablish
wetland materials.

Area 2: Pedestrian and Vehicular Link to the Site (The Core)

Enclosed Facades:

The character of an outdoor urban space has great dependence on scale
and character of its surrounding "walls", whether architectural or
natural material. The facade enclosure at the garage needs to be
addressed aesthetically. Failure to address this problem could
adversely impact park image from an on site perspective, as well as
a public opinion viewpoint.

0 Garage: The 3 story concrete parking structure, an unsightly and
brutal presence, coupled with the mature stand of poplars along
the water's edge, create a strong linear enclosure that subtly
reinforces the river's presence.

An architectural solution to work with this arrangement is a
series of pedestrian spaces juxtaposition along a linear system
parallel to the garage. The linear "space" should be urban in
its context as it is annexed by one of Bergen County's most
successful retail developments. A strong axis perpendicular to
the pedestrian space is sought to create a strong central
pedestrian core, urban in character, which becomes less urban and
more responsive to the environment as one moves away from the
core. The farther one is away from the core, the more natural
materials evolve-. The end character sought is to be of an
indigenous nature, with only a few gazebos and lawn areas as the
exception.

It is recommended for the design direction of this area between the
garage and the waterfront areas 2 and 3, with its orientation to the
mall and mall functions to be urban in charactor. We have in this
small, but critically located parcel, the potential for special
recreational uses, for diverse social activity and for the spurring of
local involvement for the creation of a new urban place in an
environmental setting.

0 This parcel is the selling point of the park. It should be of
quality design and function as it is an extension of the adjacent
urban fabric.

0 The "Central Core" shall have a strong architectural flavor to be
achieved, with progressive realization to take place so that the
design becomes more indigenous with surrounding environment
eventually to become almost indisguisable when moving through the
spacial sequences.

0 Provide boardwalk to river, major sitting/watching areas, lunch
areas, subtle trash facilities of natural materials.

0 Ecological path system nodes identified.

0 Park system/park site plan identified.

0 View enhancemen t.

0 Small lawn sitting area.

Area 3: River overlook

0 Boardwalk to extend into river on piers (or cantilevered system)
to avoid river encroachment. A cantilevered system would result
in a smaller deck than shown on the concept plan.

0 Provide benches/tables/ornamental vegetation and seasonal
vegetation in waterproof planters. This area should be one of the
features of the park.

0 Natural materials shall be used for overlook construction:
0 Selective removal of existing plant material to enhance views as
required by Landscape Architect.

0 Provide material change to allow jogging path to interact with
boardwalk path system.

0 Tree canopy and architectural improvements to the garage stairs
in recommended. Canvas canopy at the stairs could provide relief
from strong sun and a possibly sudden rain shower, as well as
reduce hard lines of the concrete facade.

0 Puncture existing vegetative "wall" with appropriate design so it
appears the boardwalk has always been there. Again, the
transition from the "urban core" to the boardwalk and more
natural materials to prevail.

0 Boardwalk to be subdivided into weaving circulation pattern and
finally open up to river view. Views to boat dock and other
selected points of interest to be encouraged. Selective
pruning/removal under directon of the Landscape Architect as
conditions required.

Area 4: Overlook

0 Provide small gazebo structure and overlook to river views.

0 Character to achieve a "nestled in " feeling with views beneath
existing free canopies.

0 Low profile - very natural area.

0 Walk system off main path shall be natural material with low
shrub and ground cover intermittent with walk system.

Area 5: Wetlands walk

0 Provide boardwalk system to gazebo structure for river views and
observation of wetland ecology, in all types of weather..

0 Encourage school education trips.

0 Provide ecology information with signage (see analysis report).

0 System designed with review from Fish and Wildlife departments.

Area 6: Trail system

0 Provide permanent map of site and site features.

0 Ecology signage for each significant area along path.

0 Install additional varities of wetland vegetation along path.

Area 7: Natural traffic circle

0 Environmental signage: importance of interaction of wetlands and
upland ecosystems.

0. Material change.

0 Site plan.

Area 8: River walk

0 Path with views along river.

0 Provide sitting area.

0 Reestablish wetland material in flats.

Area 9: The Point

0 Natural path system through "the beach" to several small
enclosures and boardwalk to provide the best view of the project
site. This view needs selective clearing and with the boardwalk
which should be frequently perforated by existing trees shall
provide an excellent integration of man and nature.

0 Encourage and install ground cover on path system boarders.

Area 10: Active Area

0 This node which as a very interesting mix of emerging upland
material including a superb allee of Black Locust. A gazebo
terminus to this allee is recommended with an elevated boardwalk
system to other small structures also on piers which is amongst
various shrub materials overlooking a small open area to the
east, and a larger area to the west. Note these open spaces are
not to be,connected as a natural barrier exists at present. One
should have to walk through the "cover" to explore the other open
area.

Also, concerning potential vandalisim in this low visibility
area, the gazebo structures of pressure treated wood with vandal
proof hardware shall be installed. Metal roof structure is
also an alternative. This area is also an ideal location for
restroom facilities.

Area 11: Path Junction

0 Establish a grid system integrating existing shrubs and grass
material and new grasses along with a paving system.

Area 12: Open Field

0 Paving area for sitting/cookouts adjacent to open lawn area.

Area 13: Jogging Trail

0 Stone dust (compacted) path for joggers and cross country skiers
follow existing profile.

Area 14A: Vehicular Access

0 Controlled access for emergency and police use.

Area 14B: Canoe Access

0 Path system for canoe boats to dock area, canoes to be carried,
vehicular possible for emergency situation.

Area 15: Canoe Dock

0 Permanent bulkhead/landing structure to be provided.

Area 16: Future Boat Landing Area

0 Existing sand beach ideal for future canoe landings, cookouts and
family functions.

Structural type as per public hearing comments 11/30/87.

DATE DUE

GAYLORD No. 2333 IRI-- 11 U A

3`6
6668 144@11071 9@150,510-