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                              COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT


                                 IN LOUISIANA (UNDER P.L. 92-583)



                                           Submitted to






                                     OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING
                                   (Primary Grantor NOAA - OCZM)



                                                 by






                                   CENTER FOR WETLAND RESOURCES

                                   LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY




    7=
                                                                       AL
                                                               4
                                                               J k R. Va"n'- Lopil-
                                                                 rcector, Center for Wetland
                                                                         Resources and
                                                                         Principal Investigator




                  Board of Supervisors
                           of
              LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
                          and
          Agricultural and Mechanical College
                           by                               VS Devartment of Commerce
                                                            1.0"-A Coastal S-rvicoo Ccnter Library
                                                            221", -couth Koboon A-v--.,iua
                                                            Cl.a:L.-leston, SC 29405-21d13
          President of Louisiana State Univers*kty
          and Agricultural and Mechanical College





                                                  i













                                              TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                                                Page


                  COVER PAGE   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


                  TABLE OF CONTENTS     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


                  LIST OF FIGURES     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


                  PROGRAM ORGANIZATION    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


                  BUDGET SUMMARY   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           8



                  ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS


                    TASK I: STRUCTURING PROGRAM       . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      10


                        SUBTASK I-A: DEFINING THE COASTAL ZONE       . . . . . . . . . .  @. - 11

                    TASK II: UPGRADING THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS          . . . . . . . . .    16


                        SUBTASK II-A:    CAPACITY TO INVENTORY, MONITOR,
                                         AND ANALYZE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS       . . . . . . .   17


                        SUBTASK II-C:    SELECTION OF GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
                                         OF PARTICULAR CONCERN     . . . . . . . . . . . . .     24


                        SUBTASK II-D:    LOCAL, REGIONAL AND CUMULATIVE
                                         IMPACT ASSESSMENT     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     29


                    ITEMIZED BUDGET     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        35



                  LEGAL/GOVERNMENTAL    ASPECTS


                    RATIONALE    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         37


                    PROPOSAL   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         39


                        SUBTASK  I-A:   DEFINING THE COASTAL ZONE    . . . . . . . . . . . .     42


                        SUBTASK  I-B:   STUDY, DEVELOP, AND IMPLEMENT
                                        LEGAL AUTHORITY   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      44

                    TASK III:    DEVELOPING ONGOING COORDINATION WITH
                                 AGENCIES   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        48

                        SUBTASK  III-A: IDENTIFY KEY AGENCIES INVOLVED IN
                                          DECISIONS AFFECTING WETLAND--AREAS     . . . . . . .   48

                    ITEMIZED BUDGET     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        54


                                US Dnpartment of Commerce
                                      C-@stal scrviK   cs Contar Library
                                        -ath 1107.,@zon venue
                                               sc 29405-2413












                      OY C!OVTI@NIS (cont.


                                                                                     Page

                          Vf..:-kE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    55


                            STATEMENT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      67



                    -"'M T C, 2 S


                   Appeqdix A. Center Research Program    . . . . . . . . . . . .     73

                     .p-Ldix B. The Louisiana Sea Grant Program   . . . . . . . .     85














                                              LIST OF FIGURES



                 ZNVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS                                                      Page

                       Figure 1:   Program Organization   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       2
                       Figure  2:  Phase Chart   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        5
                       Figure  3:  Time Schedule of Performance    . . . . . . . . . . .      6
                       Figure  4:  Initial Environmental Task
                                    Team Schedule   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       7
                       Figure  4a: Task Man Power Loading    and
                                    Dollars  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        9
                       Figure  5:  SUBTASK I-A: Defining     the Coastal Zone   . . . . .     12
                       Figure  6:  SUBTASK II-A: Upgrade    Decision Making
                                    Process  . . . . . . . . .   * * - '      . . . . . .     19
                       Figure  7:  SUBTASK II-C: Define Methods for K;y*
                                    Area Selection    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       25
                       Figure  8:  SUBTASK II-D: Define Impact Assessment
                                    Process  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        31

                 LEGAL/GOVERNMENTAL ASPECTS

                       Figure 1: Program Organization     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       38
                       Figure 2: Initial Program Legal Task Schedule        . . . . . . .     40
                       Figure 3: Time Schedule    Performance by Task     . . . . . . . .     41

                 CAPABILITY STATEMENT


                       Figure 1: Coastal Information Synthesis
                                    Capability   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        69a


























                                                      iv

























                                       PROGRAM ORGANIZATION


                    Proper management of Louisiana's richly endowed wetland resources

               is a vital concern of the state and nation. Planning is urgently

               required to cope with conflicts which are occurring at an accelerated

               rate between conservation practices and commercial encroachment. Plan-

               ning for multiple use of wetlands requires a system for maintaining a

               balance between expansion and resource preservation. To accomplish this

               goal requires a cooperative approach involving state agencies, private

               industry and universities. This document proposes a coa stal zone

               management program utilizing the capabilities of the Office of State

               P10ming, the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, the Louisiana

               State University, the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, and the Louisiana

               Coastal Commission. Utilization of other capabilities is planned as

               the program develops.

                    Organization for the Louisiana Coastal Zone Management program@is

               shown in Figure 1. The program is headed by a Study Management Team

               which is comprised of four individuals. The Office of State Planning

               (OSP),the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission (LWLFC), the

               Louisiana Sea Grant Program (LSGP), and the Louisiana Coastal

               Commission (LCC) are each represented by one member of the team. The

               Project Coordinator is assigned from the Office of State Planning

               who has the operational responsibility (Task V) for the entire



                                                 I



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                                         Figure 1: PROGRAM ORGANIZATION

      OSP - Office of State Planning

      LWLFL - Louisiana Wild Life
            and Fisheries Commission                         CzM               Operational
                                                   Study Management Team        Responsibilities
      LCC                                           OSP/LWLFC/LCC/LSU
             Louisiana Coastal Commission
                                                     Project Coordinator
            Louisiana Sea Grant Program            Secretary
         and Center for Wetland Resources           V

      I-A; V; etc. - Tasks identified
    rQ#   in the state's OCZM/NOAA               Chairman (Technical Director)
          proposal
                                               Technical coordinating committee
                                            (Representatives from each task team)


                                                         TASK TEAMS





       Economics &_ Trends    Environmental     Legal    Intergovernmenf Planning Relations Public Participation
              OSP              LSU/LWLFC         LSU                   CISP                      OSP


               11-8          I-AII-A 11-C 11-D  I-A-2,                 111-8                      IV
                                               1.8, 111-A











                program. This includes overview responsibility for public participation,

                involvement in intergovernmental planning operations and the conducting

                of workshops.  He reports directly to the CZM Study Management Team and

                is responsible for coordinating contractual matters with the   federal govern-

                ment (National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), etc.).

                     The remainder of the program organization includes representatives

                from the individual task teams. Five discrete task areas are identified


                as shown in Figure I from which one or more representatives are selected

                to form the technical coordinating committee. A chairman (Technical

                Director) is elected from this committee and has the overall technical

                responsibility for the program.

                     The organization chart shows both the management structure and the

                task assignments. The specific subtasks as proposed by the various agencies

                are identified by Roman numeral/letter designators (I-A, II-B, III-C, etc.).

                Figure 1 depicts the areas of task and subtask responsibility and corre-

                lates with the proposal text. The OSP assumes responsibility for comple-

                tion of SUBTASK II-B, Economics and Trends; SUBTASK III-B, Intergovernment

                Planning Relations; and TASK IV, Public Participation. SUBTASK ACTIVITY I-A.2,

                and SUBTASKS I-B and III-A are assigned the LSU Sea Grant Legal Program.

                The environmental tasks, including SUBTASKS I-A, II-A, II-C, and II-D, are

                the cooperative responsibility of the LSU Center for Wetland Resources

                and the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission.


                     It is recognized that substantial personnel expertise and research

                facilities exist outside the confines of the Louisiana Sea Grant program

                at LSU and the LWLFC. It is the intent that the maximum utilization of

                applicable personnel and facilities be made during the development of the




                                                   3











              Coastal, Zone Mangement program. Therefore, during Phase I of the  program

              (Fig. 2) a critical analysis of the personnel and facilities of Burk and

              Associates, Inc., University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL), local

              academic institutions, and other research facilities and capabilities will

              be made. The particular projects which make up the overall program will

              be carefully defined at the same time. Subcontractor selection and opti-

              mum matching can then be accomplished to assure that the best personnel

              and facilities are being used for each project. The overall scheduling

              and coordination of the environmental and legal activities will be accom-

              plished under the direction of Dr. Wm. G. McIntire, Associate Director of


              the Center for Wetland Resources.


                   Following the Phase I definition of effort and subcontractor selection,

              emphasis will shift to directing the subcontractor activity. Data collec-

              tion and analysis will, however, begin immediately and extend throughout

              the initial nine-month effort.


                   A copy of the Time Schedule and Performance By Task (Fig. 3) is

              reproduced to show the interrelationships of the major tasks and coherence

              of the entire program over its three year duration.

                   Two proposals are included in this submission: 1) Environmental

              Aspects of Coastal Zone Management Program Development in Louisiana (Figure

              4 defines the tasks and subtasks which will be performed by this Task Team);

              and 2) Legal/Government Aspects of Coastal Zone Management Program

              Development in Louisiana.


                   A BUDGET SLWIARY of the two Task Team studies is included in this


              section. A detailed budget for both Task Team efforts is included at the

              end of the sections describing respective Task Team studies.



                                               4



   =mm                                                                             mm Sam"








                                                    Figure 2: PHASE CHART



               Month 0                          3                         6



            Phase I

                       Definition and
                       Task Scheduling
                       Selection of
       Ln              Subcontractors




            Phase II


                                                      Direction of Subcontractor Efforts





                       Data Collection and Analysis














                                                                                       Pigure 3: TtW SCMM= OF PERPOMWCE BY TASK



                          TASKS


              1.   Structuring Program.
                   A. Defining the Coastal Zone
                   B. Study of legal authority
                   C. Organi3ation Recommendations

              II. Development of Evaluation
                   Procedures
                   A. Capacity to inventory,.
                      monitor, and analyze
                      ecological indicators-
                   B. Predictive capacity for                                                  IN
                      resource demand and
                      service levels
                   C. Designation of areas of
                      concern
                   D. Develop impact  assessment                                                          MOMMINUMMMIN
                      procedure

              III. Governrental Coordination
                   A. Identify governmental                                                             2421     NIMM 1 883800101 820HROMMUNI an@n*msanl Names@as X@UMM somas lansafflmo@
                      agencies and coordination
                      roles
                   B. Identify planning activities
                      of government affecting
                      coastal zone and coordina-
                      tion roles
                   C. IdentiPy federal land and                                                NOMMON
                      coordination roles


              IV.  Public Participation
                   A. Conduct hearings, conferences,                                                 MORMON mom
                      and seminars
                   B. Develop public participation
                      and education techniques

              V.   Administration                                                                         I
                   A, Grant and contract administration
                   B. Technical assistance of other
                      groups

                                                            IQ       2Q        3Q        4q        IQ         2Q        3Q         4Q        IQ         2Q       3Q
                                                                     First Year                                 Second Year                             Third-Year







                             Figure 41 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL TASK TEAM SCHEDULE

                                           1st Ouarter               2nd Quarter-             3rd Quarter
     Subtask         Title                       2       3       4        5       6        7      :8       9
                 Environmental                "Ulm                         Phase 11
              program Management                                 Analysis and data collection

         I-A
                     Defining                                              I-A-1, 2, and 3
                 the coastal zone


       11-A   Capacity to inventory                                        11-A-1, 2-,and 3
              monitor and analyze


       II-C        Designation                                             11-C-1, 2, and 5               .......
               of areas of concern



                                                                               -.11-D-I,an.d 2-.-.
       11-D     Develop   impact
              assessment procedure


















                                              BUDGET SUKKARY

                            Environmental and Legal/Governmental Aspects of

                                    Coastal Management Development


                                                                               Legal/
                                                         Enxtironmental    Governmental


                  Salaries and Wages                     $ 84,760          $ 21,107

                    Indirect Costs @  22%                    18,647            4,644

                    Employee Benefits @ 13.7%                11,612            2,892

                  Travel                                      3,500            1,500

                  Supplies and Expenses                       3,000            1,700


                         Task Totals                       $121,519         $  31,843


                         Total Program Budget                     1121,362
























                                                   8








                        Figure Ac: TASK MAN POWER LOADING AND DOLLARS

                                            15   -13.6
                                                                                                                                                                 12.5


                                                                                                  9.1
                                    c
                                            10
                                    0                                                                            7.6
                                                                                                                                                   7.6
                                    E
                                                 ..........                                       ....             ......
                                                                 5.1                                                                                                    6.0
                                                                                                                               6.1                                              6.1

                                                                                      3.2
                                             5 !-- -.-                                                             -           'r '.- -...
                                                                               3.0                       3. A                           3.4
                                                                                                                        3 1
                                                                                                                                                                                       3.5
                                                                                                                                                                 .........................
                                                                                                  ..... .. ...                         .........     .......... .........
                                                                                                                                                                            ......................
                                                                        1 0                                                                                                       .......
                                                                                                                      ..........
                                                                                                                                                                            ....... .............

                                                                               .................                                                            ......
                                                                               .................                                                            .... .....  ...............................
                                                                                                                                                                            ... ..................
                                             0
                            S u b t ask.          I-A      1-8  11-A 11-C 11-D 111-A              I-A     I-B 11-A      11-C 11-1) 111-A           I-A    I-B    11-A 11-C 11-D 111-A
                                                               2nd     Quarter                               3rd Quarter                                     4th Quarter

                                                 20.70
                                                                                                                                                                 19-20




                                    M
                                                                                                  13-70

                                    0
                                                                                                  .......                                                        .......
                                                                                                                11.40                              11.50         ........
                                                 .......                                                                                                         ........
                                                 ..........                                       .......
                                                                                                                               9.18                                       .28 9.18
                                    C                                                                           .........
                                            . .....                                               .... ...       ........                          .......
                                                                                                                .........                          .........     ........
                                                 .........                                        ........                                         .....
                                                 ........       7.71                              ....                                             ......
                                                                                                                                                                 ...........
                                                                                                                                                                 ............
                                                               r.......                                                                            ........
                                                               .........                                         .......
                                                                                                                                                         5.3 OE'
                                                                                      5.00                                            5 10
                                    0                 @--t-00                  4.59                     5. 1
                                                                                                                                                   ........... .
                                    .C
                                                                                                                  ..............
                                                                                                                                                   ..............

                                                                    ....       ................                                                         .....
                                                                       1.53    ....................
                                                                                                              .................. .......
                                                    ........... ............
                                                        .................                                                                   . ..............
                                                              ...........                                               ..........................     ........
                                                                                                     ..................................
                                                                                                        .........................
                                                                       ............
                                                                                     ..........
                                                                               .................. ..............
                                                                      . . . . . . . . . .
                                                                       -- ---                   I' .                                               .. ....
                           Subtasks               I-A I-B 11-A 11-C 11-D 111-A                    I-A I-B 11-A 11-C 11-D 111-A                     I-A I-B 11-A 11-C 11-D 111-A
                                                                                                                                                   7  6


                                                                                                                                                         3
                                                                                                                                                           .5
                                                          3.2                                                                                      .......
                                                                    ...                                                                            .......

                                                        . ...... . .
                                                        ...... . ...
                                                        ........... .
                                                           ............
                                                        ...... . ....
                                                         ..............
                                                                        -4
                                                         ............
                                                        ... .... ..






















                                   MM(Q)                            29.1                                              32.7                                           39.2
                                  D a I I a r s (Q)                 44-53                                             49.07                                          59.76

                                  Total MM             101          Total Dollars           153.362










                                     ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF
                              COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT


                                   TASK I: STRUCTURING PROGRAM



               INTRODUCTION


                     It is the particular charge of TASK I to structure the coastal

               management program. This includes the determination of the biophysical

               (scientific) and legal boundaries of the Coastal Zone, the legal authority

               to manage it and the optimum organization of the various agencies involved.

               A wide variety of biophysical parameters and boundary delimitating con-

               siderations will be correlated with legal issues, federal, state and

               local entities and regional governmental processes to establish.definition(s)

               for the limit of the Coastal Zone. The particular efforts necessary to

               accouplish this are divided into the three subtasks and listed below:

                     SUBTASK I-A. Study alternative approaches for defining the coastal

                          zone best suited to the planning and management needs of coastal

                          Louisiana.


                     SUBTASK I-B. Study, develop, and implement legal authority necessary

                          to meet the requirements of Section 306 (d) and (e) of the

                          Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA).

                     SUBTASK I-C. Study and recommend the best procedures in conjunction

                          with I-A and I-B above and with TASKS II and III, for organ-

                          izing the state, regional and local governmental agencies to

                          implement a coastal management program.

                     All three subtasks are integral parts of the structuring program.

               The LSU Sea Grant Legal Program will accomplish part of SUBTASK ACrIVITY

               I-A.2 and the entire SUBTASKS I-B and I-C (Fig. 1). The Environmental

               Task Team will accomplish the requirements structured under SUBTASK I-A.




                                                10











                  Various biophysical parameters will be assessed for their feasibility

             to be used as coastal zone delineators. A best-fit coastal zone definition


             will be derived by correlating the biophysical delineations with other

             pertinent considerations. The detailed factors involved within SUBTASK

             I-A are outlined below and shown in Figure 5.


             SUBTASK I-A: DEFINING THE COASTAL ZONE - SPECIFIC A TIVITIES

             1. All the biophysical parameters which are important indicators of coastal

             environments will be identified and considered for their potential use as

             boundary determinants. Among these are such factors as:

                  9 Normal high tide line,

                  9  Extent of tidal influence,

                  o  Extent of hurricane or stormtide flooding,

                  9  Extent of landward limit of halophytic vegetation,

                  *  Identification of the coastal/non-coastal transition area on the

                     basis of landforms and soil types,

                  &  Extent of marine influence in the respective coastal hydrologic

                     units,

                  #  Extent of upstream marine influence on water quality during low

                     and extreme low river stages,

                  a  Establishment of seaward and lateral boundaries, and

                  0  A detailed search of appropriate literature will be combined with

                     previously used determinants and expert opinion to develop a

                     comprehensive list of biophysical parameters. None will be

                     eliminated during this phase because their possible interrela-

                     tionships and later correlations may show dependencies important



                                                                                         M MM Mao M




                                             Figure 5. SUBTASK I-A - DEFINING THE COASTAL ZONIL




                                       Identify                   Assenble
                                       Biophysical                List
                                       Parameters




                                                                                              Correlate
                                       Identify                                               Data and                  Determine
                Start              -0.  Other                     Asseuble,                   Ass eub le               Best - Fit
                                       Considerations             List                        Cz                       Definitions




                                       Inventory                                              Modify as
                                       Parallel                                               per updated
                                       Techniques                                             techniques
                                                                                                  t




                                       Legal Program
                                                                                              Definitions














                        to the overall definition. This list will be assenbled during


                        the first six months of the program.

                     0  A search will be made to determine how Federal agencies and

                        other states have used biophysical parameters to define boundaries.

                        This will be coordinated with legal aspects developed by the LSU

                        Sea Grant Legal Program.

                        Preparation of maps and other forms of visual display will be

                        developed as the study progresses.

               2. Concurrently, other considerations in the delimitation of the landward

               limit of the coastal zone will be identified. Among these are:

                     0  Physical considerations such as highways, waterways, etc.

                     e  Governmental considerations including boundaries, wards and

                        special districts,

                     *  Designation of specific streams and the extent to which flood-

                        plains extend upstream,

                     &  The attitudes of state leaders and legislators to see whether

                        each kind of coastal zone is politically feasible,

                     0  Assess the degree to which man-made and natural waterway coincides

                        with biophysical parameters (particularly, the Intracoastal

                        Canal and other dredged canals which extend the marine influence

                        into areas distant from coastal influence),

                     &  Assess the impact of streams and their near-coastal floodplains

                        on delineating the coastal zone, and

                     0  Survey potential impacts on the coastal zone resulting from areas

                        significantly removed with a view toward including in the coastal



                                                 13












                       zone definition distant areas whose impact on the coast may be

                       significant (this reflects a concept put forth by the Louisiana

                       Advisory Commission on Coastal and Marine Resources).

                   A detailed examination of available maps (parish, state, regional),

                            charts, topographical and geological maps, high-altitude

                       and satellite and photography /imagery will be performed to

              au'r&lish possibly acceptable boundaries.    Interviews and consultations

              with state leaders and legislators will also be conducted in light of the


               o
                "itical feasibility of the coastal zone boundaries that emerge.    All
                .;.


              considerations will be listed with no attempt to limit their scope. This

              assemblage will also be constructed during the first six months of the

              program, in preparation for a comparison analysis (Fig. 5).

              3., An inventory will be made of the processes used by federal agencies

              and other state governments (adjacent and distant) to incorporate biophysi-

              cal parameters and other considerations. This effort will be closely

              coordinated with the legal aspects developed by the Sea Grant Legal Pro-

              gram. The findings of I-A.1, I-A.2, and I-A.3 will provide the data to

              define a variety of coastal zone boundaries. The various biophysical

              parameters will be analyzed to determine their importance to the definition

              as well as their interrelationship, correlation and interdependence. The

              other considerations will be likewise analyzed, and finally the interre-

              lations between the factors in the preceding three sections will be

              correlated to determine the importance of all factors. Interrelated

              factors such as the degree to which a natural or man-made object, like a

              stream or a highway, would correlate with a biophysical parameter will be

              ascertained. The impact on the coastal zone caused by processes distantly



                                                  14











              removed will be determined to assure that all significant impact areas

              are included within the coastal zone definition. All parameters and con-

              siderations which were identified will be combined, massaged, correlated

              and weighed to provide several discrete coastal zone definitions which

              can be subjected to further feasibility analysis.

                   A complete feasibility analysis will be performed once the potentially

              workable coastal zones are defined. Each definition's feasibility will

              be determined as to its usefulness with respect to the following criteria:

                   o Capacity to manage any type of zone,

                   o  Capacity to determine the degree of impact on areas remote from

                      the coastal waters,

                   o  Usefulness as a definition for planning the coastal zone manage-

                      ment system, and

                   o  Usefulness as a definition for actual coastal zone management

                      jurisdiction.

                   The result will be the adoption of one or more definitions of the

              Coastal Zone best suited to the planning and management needs of coastal

              Louisiana. This effort will be completed by the end of the first year,

              but will be continued on a low level basis to assure that necessary modi-

              fications are accomplished as the definition(s) are exposed to actual use.















                                                  15
















                          TASK II: UPGRADING THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS



               INTRODUCTION


                     Goals to be achieved under TASK II include upgrading the decision

               making process by:

                        Assenbling data an ecological indicators,

                        Assessing available data for quality, resolution and coverage,

                     e  Establishing evaluative procedures for scientific effects,

                        applicable uses and economic assessment,

                     o  Developing techniques for area selection and management principles,

                     o  Establishing principles for area priority uses, and

                     *  Asserbling a skilled staff capable of developing principles

                        for guiding growth, conservation and assessment of cumulative

                        impact in the coastal zone.

                     These goals will be accomplished by the successful completion of the

               four subtasks; listed below:


                     SUBTASK II-A.  Develop the capacity to inventory, monitor

                        and analyze key ecological indicators (biological, physical,

                        chemical and geological) and to detect ecological change  and

                        predict the effect of those changes.

                     SUBTASK II-B. Develop the capacity to predi,ct current and future

                        resource use demands and trends, analyze service and facilities

                        to meet demands, recognize capability of resource to sustain

                        certain uses and to state as clearly as possible human needs

                        and aspirations for coastal resource use.





                                                16












                    SUBTASK II-C. Develop criteria for the selection and procedures

                        for depiction of geographic areas of particular concern in the

                        Cowtal Zone, and develop specific management principles and

                        priority uses for each geographic area of particular concern.

                     SUBTASK II-D. Utilize the capabilities developed in II-A, II-B and

                        II-C to develop and standardize techniques for strengthening

                        procedures for assessing impact of proposed individual coastal

                        projects, and develop appropriate and perhaps new procedures

                        for assessing impact on a regional level.

                    These four subtasks will provide sufficient social, economic and

               environmental information to the coastal zone decision-making body to allow

               a proper assessment of the impact of a proposed project or program. They

               are conpletely interrelated and must be performed with extremely close

               liaison between researchers and task teams. Thus, SUBTASKS II-A,

               II-C and II-D will be conducted by the LSU/LWLFC Environmental Team (Fig.

               1), while II-B will be accomplished through the OSP. This organizational

               structure also provides an excellent opportunity to utilize the capabilities

               and optimize the contributions from the University of Southwestern

               Louisiana (USL), Burk and Associates, Inc. and other experts who will be

               brought to bear on many of the sensitive items within these subtasks. The

               Office of State Planning is responsible for SUBTASK II-B. Therefore the

               approach for completion of only SUBTASKS II-A, II-C and II-D are proposed

               herein.



               SUBTASK IJ-A: CAPACITY TO INVENTORY, MONITOR AND ANALYZE ECOLOGICAL


                              INDICATORS





                                                  17











                     The impact of external forces on the marsh, estuary and nearshore

               systems and the internal interactions must be understood for proper

               management and jurisdiction of the Coastal Zone. Assessment of environ-

               mental information which is presently available coupled with mathematical

               analysis techniques for simulating natural conditions provides some

               measure of predictability in specific areas. Effective design and imple-

               mentation of field monitoring program to measure parameter vari-

               ability under different energy conditions will improve predictive capabil-

               ity. Long term continuous monitoring of significant parameters designed

               to reveal biological responses in contrasting environments will further

               enhance prediction. Predictive techniques will greatly upgrade     the infor-

               mation base to provide the decision maker a choice of options.     Proper

               execution of the specific efforts outlined below will provide a    viable,

               upgraded body of information on which to base decisions. These     are shown

               in a progressive flow chart in Figure 6.


                                   II-A.1. IdentifX Indicators

                     The initial effort will be to identify all key ecological indicators

               whi ch should be monitored an a regular basis. Indicators which are critical

               to the measurement and prediction of ecological changes caused by proposed

               maJor uses of marsh and estuarine areas (major canals, large scale drainage,

               fills, dredging, etc.) will be identified. They will include physical,

               biologi.cal, chemical and geological parameters which form the basis for

               -developing a synoptic data program including data collection, handling and

               development of analysis techniques.

                     Applicable literature will be studied and indi-cators evaluated from

               the standpoint of their importance and ability to be used to assess project


                                                  18











                                        Figure 6: SUBTASK II-A      UPGRADE DECISION MAKING PROCESS


                                  Identify
                                    Key
                                  Indicators




                                  Survey                Assessment
                                  Previous          am   Libra
                                  Efforts
                                                                         Data
                                                                         Update                   Monitoring
                                                                         Application              Program
                                  Other                 Data             Modify
                                  Agency                Pool                       --- i
                                  Capabilities
               Start                                                                              Data Bank           Upgrade
                                                                                                  Inventory           Decision
                                  Review                Data              Software                Modify              Making
                                  Analysis              Bank              Development                                 Processes
                                  Techniques            Software

                                                                                                  Prediction
                                                                                                  Software
                                                           Examine              Develop           Users Needs
                                                           Existing             Needed
                                                           Data                 Techniques
                                                           Collection
                                                           Capabilities


                                  Cooperative
                                  Fed.-State
                                  Coordination
                                                                         U
                                                                    ,@A
                                                                         M










              input. Special attention will be paid to frequency, resolution and

              scale. It is important to compile a complete list which contains only

              those parameters that are truly indicative of change and are applicable

              to predictive techniques. This list will be assembled from reports,

              previous studies and expert opinion and will be evaluated through the

              efforts outlined below. A study-test area along the Louisiana coast will

              be selected once the list has been compiled. In cooperation with Louisiana

              Sea Grant efforts, key indicators will be measured in the study-test area,

              and an assessment of man's past activities will be made and compared with

              other assessments (LOOP study, St. Amant dissertation and previous studies

              conducted by the LWLFC and LSU). Indicator data for the entire coastal

              zone could then be collected and stored with a high degree of confidence in

              its use. Assemblage of this list will require the first three months of the

              program, but indicator evaluation will continue throughout the program.


                      II-A.2. Survey Previous Efforts - Assessment Librag

                   A survey of available ecological studies will be made to obtain

              information pertinent to the development of methods for impact assessment.
              This will serve the dual purpose of bolstering the evaluation of the impact_
              indicators which were chosen and monitored by allowing a collection of

              historical data, determining their validity, and providing a data base

              for the development of an impact assessment library. The kind of infor-

              mation stored in the library will be gleaned from completed and prepared

              projects and would include location, acreage involved, spoil treatment,

              investment, public controversy, population changes after the project,

              environmental assessments before, during and after the project's comple-

              tion, and observations, etc. Data will be completely cross -referenced



                                                20










                by type of activity (e.g. dredging, canalling, leveeing, draining,

                filling and polluting) . It will be continuously updated and maintained

                to provide the decision-makers case histories (cause and effect) which

                can be applied to newly proposed coastal projects. It is proposed that

                this effort start inm-diately, extend actively throughout the first

                year, and continue through the entire program on an update and incor-

                poration of new data basis.


                    II-A.3._ Analyze Capabilities of Other Agencies - Data Pool

                      An analysis of the data collection and handling capabilities of

                applicable federal, state and regional agencies will be performed to

                assess the existence of pools of data which could serve the information

                needs for coastal Louisiana. In cooperation with ongoing projects of the

                State Planning Office, existing data banks will be evaluated as to their:

                      e Method of storing key indicator data,

                      9  Compatability of data formats,

                         Techniques for allowing ready access,

                         Applicability to the needs of the decision makers,

                      9  Utilization of state of the art programming software,

                      *  Ability to search, compare and update, and

                      *  Sensitivity to non-technical users.

                      One of the results will be the determination of existing capabil-

                ities and the emergence of sufficient information to determine the require-

                ments of a centralized data bank. Utilization of existing banks and the

                feasibility of using the state's central computer system will be investi-

                gated. This will faci  litate the decision of where the data for the




                                                  21











                entire program should be maintained. This is a critical phase as the

                success of the entire management/jurisdictional planning program rests

                upon the successful utilization of historical, present and predictive

                data for proper assessment of proposed project impact. The output should

                display information sensitive to particular needs that can be used by

                decision-makers, planners and managers. This phase will comaence at the

                beginning of the program and be carried out during the first year an a

                full-scale basis. At that time the direction will be determined and the


                establishment of applicable facilities will be sought.


                               II-A.4. Develop Analysis Techniques

                      Coupled closely with the potential data bank are the computational

                software techniques for analyzing the available data. Appropriate pro-

                cedures will be developed to match the decision-makers'needs with the

                data and predicted impact so that options and changes can be rapidly

                ascertained. Multivariate analysis techniques will be developed to en-

                hance the reliability of the assessed impact while allowing an interface

                of the output data to maximize interpretation of options. The software

                developed will have as its underlying objectives the responsibility of:

                      9 Providing data available,

                      4  Interpreting users' needs accurately,

                      9  Interfacing users' needs and data,

                      9  Assessing future impact,

                      a  Outputting for maximum interpretation,

                      9  Providing impact assessment answers, and

                      e  Providing limitations of data reliability.

                      This development will commence after existing facilities and



                                                 22










               techniques have been evaluated and continue as long as it is useful to

               the decision-making process. It will be initiated at the beginning of the

               program to provide experience in determining methods for testing the

               quality of the sample. This will include an analysis of parameter variabil-

               ity under different energy conditions for both short and long-term duration.

               This activity will begin during the first year and extend through the
               second and third years when innovative analysis and display techniues for user

               application will be introduced.               I


                      II-A.5. Examine Existing Data Collection CRabilities

                     A complete survey of applicable data collection and monitoring

               efforts will be conducted. A log of existing capabilities will be con-

               structed allowing easy reference to historical and present data sources.

               The capabilities of existing agencies to provide data needs will be deter-

               mined. This will require the determination of data needs and the capa-

               bilities of existing agencies. Data deficiencies will be identified. The

               feasibility of maintaining a small group of trained personnel to provide

               short notice response to information requirements and field assessment

               (Ifecologi.cal assessment stike force") will be determined. The long-term

               and short-term data collecting and monitoring requirements will be governed

               by recognized data deficiencies. This will commence after significant

               progress has been made in efforts II-A.1 through II-A.4. The effort

               starts eight months after the beginning of the program, continues actively

               for six months and then declines during the second year to an advisory

               function. At that time further testing and data upgrading will occupy the

               major activities.





                                                  23









                              II-A.6. Combined Federal-StatejE2&ram

                   The potential for a combined federal-state monitoring and inventory

               program will be investigated and evaluated from an economic and technical

               standpoint. The intent will be to maximize the usefulness of the data

               available to the decision-maker while minimizing the expenditures. Pre-

               dictive capabilities and techniques exchange is especially desirable and

               full cooperation will be encouraged.


               SUBTASK II-B: DEVELOP CAPABILITY TO PREDICT CURRENT AND FUTURE RESOURCE


                              USE DEMAND MD TRENDS


                   This effort will be conducted entirely through the Office of State

               Planning with whom close contact will be maintained at all times to insure

               comprehensive integration of pertinent factors.



               SUBTASK II-C: SEUCTION OF GEOGRAPHIC AREAS OF PARTICULAR CONCERN


                   The designation of areas of particular concern is a mechanism useful

               to the determination of priorities for the management of Louisiana's

               coastal zone. The selection of these areas is difficult to accomplish

               due to the diversity and extent of the state's coastal region. A variety

               of potential criteria exists stretching from the particular concerns of

               local residents' every day encounters to geological, ecological, arr-he-

               ological, and social development. Historical and cultural enhancement

               and preservation could also be used to designate areas of particular

               concern. It is therefore the intent of the efforts under SUBTASK II-C to

               develop procedures for the selection of key areas, establish specific

               management princip3es, and designate use priorities. This will be accomplished

               through the specific efforts outlined below and shown in Figure 7.



                                               24



                                      so @ m m = an " m m " m m as





                                    Figure 7: SUBTASK II-C      DEFIN19 METHODS FOR KEY AREA SELECrION






                              Present
                              Selection
                              View


                                                 Establish
                                                 Selection
                              Review             Criteria                                 Develop
                              Others                                                      Management
                              Guidelines                                                  Strategies

                                                                   Refine                 Priority                Finalize
        Un   Start                                                 List of                Use                     Selection
                                                                   Key Areas              Tradeoffs               of Key Areas
                              Develop Initial
                              I&st of Key                                                 Update
                              Areas
                                                                                          Selection
                                                                                          Criteria



                              Review                Develop
                              Delineating        0- Delineating
                              Processes             Techniques
                                              CE
                                                  at
                                                 SeleC
                                                 Cri te













                                  II-C.1. Present Selection View

                    A view towards the selection of key areas will be formulated

               through solicitation of opinion from a wide range of sources (e.g.

               sports fishermen, co   rcial fishermen, public officials, scientists,

               environmentalists, sportsmen, developers, etcj. The uniqueness, vulner-

               ability, and other special characteristics deemed important to the

               people closely associated with particular areas will be considered while

               determining whether special management techniques, use limitation or

               jurisdiction should be considered which differ from coastal Louisiana as

               a whole. The gathered opinion data will be categorized such that areas

               of particular concern can be determined and await evaluation in light of

               other selection criteria. This study will be initialed during the first

               three months of the program.

                    While the selection view above is being developed a comprehensive

               examination of other agencies' guidelines for key area selection will be

               conducted. Initially, the guidelines of the federal CZM act which lists

               the categories of areas of particular concern will be organized into a data

               base. The approaches taken by other states such as Oregon, Washington,

               Texas, Florida, and Wisconsin will be integrated into the data base.

               Pertinent historical information from the federal, state and local agen-

               cies will be incorporated until the important guidelines are inputted,

               These data will eventually be used to develop an initial list of key

               areas of concern. This will be an effort which is also initiated during

               the first three months of the program.


                                   II-C.2. Develop Initial List

                     Prior to the emergence of the data from II-C.1 an initial list of



                                                26











                particular areas of concern will be asseubled, using previously known

                criteria. Four particular approaches will be used:

                      * Select areas in each of three categories:

                         - Ecological-geological areas,

                         - Archeological-historical-cultural areas, and

                         - Development areas.

                      *  Select areas based upon user needs (e.g. would a shrimp fisher-

                         man call an area of particular concern?).

                      a  Select areas through expert advice and opinion.

                      e  Select areas which require innovative environmental management.

                      The results of this endeavor will be the assembly of a variety 6f

                areas of particular concern based upon preconceived intuitive criteria.

                These will be refined later as the selection criteria is updated. This

                initial list will be developed during the first six months and refined

                as the program progresses.



                                 II-C.3. Establish Selection Criteria


                      The results of II-C.1 and some of the factors used in II-C.2 will

                be coubined to generate a comprehensive list of selection criteria. Factors

                such as rarity of species or habitat, productivity, likelihood of eminent

                loss, irreplacesbility, public awareness, recreation, esthetic and manage-

                ment potential, etc. will be coubined with the selection view consider-

                ations (Fig. 7). The factors obtained while reviewing other guidelines,

                and the previously known criteria used to compile the initial list of key

                areas to generate selection criteria will also be combined. Each criterion

                will be listed, evaluated, weighed and categorized according to its impor-'

                tance in the area selection process. Correlative trends wilibe analyzed and


                                                   27












               criteria dependence will be ascertained. The results will be the tabulation of

               a final list of criteria for the selection of key areas of concern. These

               criteria will then be used to refine the initial list of key areas desig-

               nated in II-C.2. The establishment of the selection criteria effort will


               co-mnce six months after the beginning of the program and phase out near

               the end of the first year.


                         II-C.4. Develop Techniques for Delineating Areas

                    A part-time effort will be conducted during the first year of the

               program which will consist of gathering information on currently used

               methods for delineating areas of particular concern. All existing tech-

               niques will be evaluated and their applicability ascertained in view of

               the list of key areas previously tabulated. One composite technique

               will be developed, which,matches the special features of the areas selected.

               More than one technique may be needed so that sufficient flexibility will

               be incorporated into the development process to allow a family of proce-

               dures to fit 'all selected areas. These processes will be applied to the

               selected key areas to complete the area delineation.

                    Once the initial list of key areas has been constructed, the selection

               criteria has been established and the delineating techniques have been

               developed, it will be refined and reduced to a workable size list of poten-

               tial areas of particular concern, Each area will be carefully defined

               with detailed explanations of why the area of particular concern was

               chosen. This effort will occupy the first quarter of the second year.


                     II-C-5. Develop Management Strategies and Priority Uses

                    Each area will be analyzed separately to determine a management



                                                 28











               technique which will best protect or enhance the uniqueness which caused

               it to be designated an area of particular concern. Priority uses will

               be carefully considered providing the decision makers with information

               critical to impact assessment and area usage. Alternate management

               3t:rategies will be devised based upon the premise that the decision-makers

               can use viable options necessitated by factors external to the environ-

               im';-ntal considerations. This effort will be completed by the end of the

               second quarter of the second year.


                               II-C.6. Updating Selection Criteria

                     Facilities will be included in the study to allow complete updating

               of the selection criteria. Techniques will be developed to allow the up-
               dating of the selection of areas of particular concern'to reflect new

               knowledge, changing public opinion, changing criteria, modified priority

               uses, and variations in management strategies. The selection process will

               be an on-going process in the coastal management program, incorporating a

               mechanism for public participation in the final selection. This effort

               will take three months to complete but continue throughout the entire pro-

               gram on an as needed basis. The result will be a dynamic final selection

               of key areas which will be sensitive to the changing needs of the coastal

               management program.



               SUBTASK II-D: WCAL, REGIONAL AND CUMUIATIVE INFACT ASSESSMENT

                     The coastal zone decision-making body must have the capability to

               assess the impact of a proposed project from a social, economic and

               environmental standpoint. This should be done initially by a staff which

               has information concerning the predicted changes and ecological indicators,



                                                  29











              an analysis of human and physical resource capability and a prediction

              of how the proposed project will affect the area of particular concern.

              These inputs must be combined with other factors, analyzed, synthesized

              and presented to the decision-maker. It is critical to the success of

              the Coastal Zone Management Program that a strong, useful impact assess-

              ment program be developed and its usefulness demonstrated. The well-

              known defects of environmental msessment techniques such as lack of

              technique structure, inadequacy of processes, lack of rational methodology,

              lack of capability of assessing cumulative impact and lack of an adequate

              data base must be avoided and overcome. The specific tasks as outlined

              below and shown in Figure 8 will accomplish these objectives.


                       II-D.l. Investigate Existing Assessment Techniques

                    The impact assessment techniques which are currently being used

              will be critically investigated. Defect analysis will be performed to

              identify the limitations of the existing techniques. The extent of agency

              interaction, cooperation and integration concerning coastal zone decisions

              will be ascertained, and personnel and budgetary resources that are

              currently being used will be determined. Finally, the process of how data,

              1nformation, analysis processes, prediction techniques and overall impact

              assessment criteria data are combined into a statement which can be pre-

              sented to a decision-maker will be investigated.

                    The result of this effort will be to provide a starting point from

              which to develop an effective impact assessment technique. It will start

              at the beginning of the program and require six months to complete.


                             II-D.2. Critique Existing Techniques

                    A detailed critique of the existing impact assessment procedures will


                                                 30











                                          Figure 8: SUBTASK II-D - DEFINE INPACT J1S13S2z7)3jrKqT p2or_g@SS








                           Investigate                                                         Investigate
                           Existing                                                            Sophisticated
                           Assessment                                                          Techniques
                           Techniques


                                           Critique         Examine            Design          Refine               Finalize
             Start                         Existing         Upgrading       J@ initial         Procedures           Assessment
                                           Techniques       Feasibility        Procedure                            Processes


                           I dent i fy                                                         Coordinate
                                                                                                                    Fins'

                                                                                                                     68
                                                                                                             XA ei
                           Capable                                                             Agencies             Proc4
                           Personnel











               be asseubled to identify those areas where upgrading of procedures and

               improved coordination would prove most fruitful in the short term. The

               potential for revising existing management procedure in state agencies

               to conform to coastal management will be determined. Specifically, the

               potential for developing closer coordination between similar state and

               federal agencies (e.g. LWLFC and federal Fish & Wildlife Service) will

               be investigated to integrate techniques of both, leading toward more

               uniform standards for evaluating proposed projects. As the structure

               of Louisiana's CZM develops, the potential of enhancing existing manage-

               ment structures in the state will be ascertained. The final result will


               be a complete analysis of the existing impact assessment procedures to

               ascertain the feasibility of upgrading current techniques and supplying

               a point from where to start development of a final assessment process.

               This total effort will begin in the middle of the first year and extend

               on a part-time basis for one full year.


                           II-D.3. Design Impact Assessment Procedure

                     An impact assessment procedure for use with individual project pro-

               posals will be developed based upon factors, criteria, and indicators

               developed during the first two years of the program. Reliance on existing

               indicators and professional judgment will be necessary while optimum

               utilization of local and professional judgment must be identified. The

               various professionals and their relevance to the assessment process will

               be identified* Effective methods for involving state agency professionals

               in the decision-making process will be determined. This effort will

               require three months and will be completed by the end of the second year.




                                                .32













                                 II-D.4 & 5. Finalize the Procedure

                      "'he initial procedure will be refined by incorporating applicable,

                sophisticated techniques and coordinating all agencies involved. An

                investigation will be made of sophisticated techniques for impact assess-

                men@'- which will include complex computer analysis of the obtainable data.

                Data correlation, parameter interrelationships and multivariate analysis

                iTill be investigated to aid in understanding regional impact of particular

                p,rojects. Spacial and temporal correlation and prediction techniques

                will be applied to enable cumulative impact prediction. Innovative pro-

                cessing techniques will be applied to enable cumulative impact prediction.

                Innovative processing techniques will be incorporated in hopes of develop-

                ing new methods to determine the resource and environmental capability

                for long-term planning purposes. All applicable numerical and data

                analysis techniques will be used to assure that the state of the art of

                the computational technology is applied towards the impact assessment

                problem. This is an on-going effort which will start at the beginning of

                the third year and continue into the operational phases of the management

                program. The initial investigation of sophisticated techniques will last

                one full year.

                      The initial procedures will be continuously evaluated by test-study

                projects and actual management decision needs. In each case the process

                will be one of using the procedure, discovering inherent limitations and

                modifying the program to more adequately fulfill the needs of the decision-

                makers. This continuous refinement will occupy the third year and extend

                into the operational management program.

                      Concurrently during this third year methods will be devised and



                                                  33










               organizations proposed which will encourage full cooperation with the

               professionals of state and local agencies. It is critical to the success

               U--   entire Coastal Zone Management Program that the information is

                         and that the data professionals, the management personnel and those

                   -'d with Jurisdictional responsibility are in close accord. It will be

               %ia @@:f the final charges of this study to assure that a well organized

               'p-'@)cedure be established where the decision-makers can present their needs

               "n a positive manner and obtain clear, concise guidelines upon which to

                  a -heir decisions. This effort will occupy the last year of the program

               and continue into the operational phase.




































                                                34













                                                ITEMIZED BUDGET


                            ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
                                   DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAM COORDINATION


                                                Mar( Months             Cost           Total


                    Salaries & Wages

                      Jack R. Van Lopik*
                        Director, CWR and
                        Principal Investigator        1                  -0-
                      Wk. G. McIntire*
                        Assoc. Director, CWR &
                        Coastal Information
                        Programs Coordinator          1                  -0-
                      Joan Myers*
                        Staff Assistant               1                  -0-
                      Lincoln Smith
                        Data Analyst                  8                13,333
                      Paul Templet
                        Chemical Systems              8                10,000
                      Mary Hood
                        Marine Biologist              8                 9,537
                      Eugene Turner
                        Ecosystems                    4                 4,400
                      James Stone*
                        Bi6logist-Ecologist           1                  -0-
                      Ted B. Ford*
                        Fisheries Management            .5               -0-
                      Ronald Becker*
                        Information Management        1                  -0-
                      Roger Miller
                        Scientific Editor             4                 3,752
                      Systems Analyst                 8                12,000
                      Patricia Byrne
                        Library Research              8                 6,667
                    Y Programmer                      8                 6,771
                      Research Associate              8                 9,000
                    Y,Graduate Assistants (2)         8                 4,800
                      Secretary-Typist                6                 2,500
                      Student Wages                                     2,000

                        Sub Total                                                      84,760

                    Indirect Cost of Salaries & Wages @ 22%                            18,647

                    Employee Benefits of Salaries & Wages @     13.7%                  11,612

                    Travel
                      In State                                          1,500
                      Out of State (Washington, D.C.,
                        Florida, and Texas)                            -2,000

                        Sub Total                                                        3,500

                                                        35













                                            Man Months           Cost          Total


                 Supplies & Expenses
                    (maps, photographs, charts,
                    data tapes, telephone,
                    postage, etc.)                                              3,000
                 Computer Costs**                                                -0-

                   Total Budget                                              $121,519




                 *Personnel supported by state funds.
                **Budget assumes that computer time will be available at no cost.











































                                                 36











                                    LEGAL/GOVERNMENTAL ASPECTS OF


                               COASTAL MANAGEHENT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT



                                              RATIONALE


                    Coastal management program development under P.L. 92-583 requires,

               among other things:   1) identification of the boundaries of the coastal

               zone to be managed (SUBTASK I-A); 2) identification of the means by which

               the state proposes to control land and water uses in its coastal zone--

               including constitutional, statutory, administrative and judicial refer-

               ences (SUBTASK I-B); 3) a description of the organizational structure pro-

               posed to implement the program including responsibilities and interre-

               lationships of various levels of government (SUBTASK I-C and III-A).

               These three interrelated tasks are crucial to the development of a coastal

               management program since the establishment of boundaries, means of control

               and organizational structure will legally constitute the management program

               upon completion of the planning or program development phase. These three

               tasks must continue througiout the program development phase since continuous

               coordination and perhaps modification will be necessary as conclusions are

               reached in other aspects of coastal management program development, e.g.

               permissible uses, areas of particular concern, guidelines on priority of

               use. Figure I shows the organizational structure suggested for Louisiana's

               CZM planning program. This proposal deals with the legal aspects of the

               program and is shown in Figure I as Lejqal-LSU with the assigned tasks

               printed below each box.

                    SUBTASK I-B deals almost exclusively with legal materials and legal

               analysis. SUBTASKS I-A and III-A have important legal aspects to them,

               e.g., determination of boundaries must consider the legal aspects of



                                                  37










                                         Figure 1: PROGRAM -ORGANIZATION
       OSP - Office Of State Planning
       LWLFL - Louisiana Wild Life
             and Fisheries Commission                        CzM                Operational
                                                    Study Management Team       Responsibilities
       LCC    Louisiana Coastal Commission          OSP/LWLFC/LCC/LSU
                                                      Project Coordinator
       LSU   Louisiana Sea Grant Program           Secretary
          and Center for Wetland Resources          V

       I-A; V; etc. - Tasks identified
    co     in the state's OCZM/NOAA
           proposal                               Chairman (Technical Director)
                                                Technical coordinating committee
                                             (Representatives from each task team)


                                                          TASK TEAMS





        Economics & Trends     Environmental     Legal    Intergovernment Planning Relations Public Participation
               OSP              LSU/LWLFC        LSU                   OSP                        OSP

               11-13          I-AII-A 11-C II-D  I-A.2,                 111-13                     IV
                                               I-B, III-A











               definition and delimitation, description of interrelating agencies must

               include a description of legal authority, scope of jurisdiction. Since

               boundaries and agency interrelationship are so much a part of determining

               the means for control of land and water uses, it is proposed that they

               be handled together, by one study team.   (SUBTASK I-C will be initiated

               during the second year.)

                    Figure 2 shows the nine month scheduling of the tasks to be under-

               taken by the Sea Grant Legal Program. SUBTASK ACTIVITY I-A.2 will be

               completed by June 30, 1975, and a final report made to the Study Management

               Team (SMT) . SUBTASKS I-B and III-A will continue past June 30, 1975, with

               status reports to the SMT on that date. The complete study schedule is

               shown on Figure 3.



                                       SEA GRANT LEGAL PROGRAM


                    The Sea Grant Legal Program has been developing expertise in coastal

               management law in Louisiana and the U.S. for the past five years. SGLP

               provided direct assistance to the LACCMR in the preparation of its reports

               and assisted with legal studies in the development of Superport legislation

               and regulations. An active program in coastal law research and advisory

               services is in progress at this time. Considerable legal research has

               been done providing a firm base on which to build a coastal management

               program. Considerable time and effort can, therefore, be saved by using

               the work of the Sea Grant Program as a starting point for development of

               coastal management.



                                              PROPOSAL

                    The "expansion of tasks" sections provide research questions which



                                                39













                                            Figure 2: INITIAL PROGRAM LEGAL TASK SCHEDULE


                                           Month 0                        3                      6                       9


              SUBTASK       Defining the
              ACTIVITY      Coastal Zone
              I-A.2:


              SUBTASK     Study of Legal
              I-B:        Authority



              SUBTASK       Intergovernmental
              III-A:        Coordination














                                                                                           Figure 3: TIM SCHEDULE OF PERFORMNCE BY TASK



                           TASKS


                    Structuring Program
                    A. Defining the Coastal Zone                                                                      Below
                    B. Study of legal authority
                    C. Organization Recormtendations                          wass.ane" laxnnaffs@                                              nessawsaw In

                    Development of Evaluation
                    Procedures
                    A. Capacity to inventory,
                       maitor, and analyze
                       ecological indica,:ors.
                    B. Predictive caDacity for
                       resource derand and
                       service levels
                    C. Designation of areas of
                       concern
                    D. Develop  impact assessment
                       procedure

               '.II. Governmental Coordination
                    A. Idert-1-fry governmental                                                            NOW         ow suass"MaNown"                                         Off
                       agencies and coordination
                       roles
                    B. Identify planninp, activities
                       of government affecting
                       coastal zone and coordina-
                       tion roles
                    C. Identif; federal land and
                       coordinattion roles


               !V.  Public Partlcipa@_'on
                    A. Conduct hearings, conferences,
                       and se=nars
                    B. Develop public participation
                       and education techniqu2s


               V.   Adrinistration
                    A, Grant and contract administration
                    B. Technical assistance of other
                       groups
                                                              IQ        2Q        3Q         4Q        IQ         2Q         3Q         4Q         IQ         2Q        3Q        4q.
                                                                        First  Year                                  Second Year                              Third Year









                 supplement the "special tasks" section of the state's proposal to NOAA/OCZM.

                 These additional tasks are necessary for a full evaluation of the subject.

                 The tasks listed must be conducted during the three-year program, but do not

                 reflect what would be accomplished during the initial nine-month budget

                 pf_%--1.od (1 Oct 1974 to 30 June 1975). The accomplishments to be achieved

                 by 30 June 1975 are indicated in the section following the discussion of

                 tasks. An itemized budget for the nine-month program is also included.


                 SUBTAï¿½K I-A: DEFINING THE COASTAL ZONE
                 1. Identification of biopk7**cal parameters (Activity I-A.1) will be con-

                 ducted by the Environmental Task Team (Fig. 1).

                 2. Identify other considerations in the delimitation of the landward limit

                 of the coastal zone including:

                      a) physical considerations including highways and waterways,

                      b)   governmental considerations including parish boundaries, wards

                           and special districts,

                      c)   designation of specific streams,

                      d)   determine the attitudes of state leaders and legislators to see

                           whether each kind of coastal zone is politically feasible.

                 Expansion of ï¿½ubtask Activities

                      In addition to the items mentioned in 2 (a-d) above, the following

                 matters will be considered:

                      a. New definition of "navigable waters of U.S." used by federal

                 agencies:

                           1. impact the definition would have on-Louisiana regulatory

                               activities.


                           2. pros and cons of Louisiana following the federal lead in





                                                    42










                              shoreward CZ boundary definition.

                     b.   Need for and cost/benefit of a survey to establish shoreward limit

                of CZ.


                     c. Relative benefits (or problems) involved in assuring common shore-

                ware CZ bnundaries with Texas and Mississippi.

                     d. Boundary determinants utilized where areas of particular (statewide;

                environmental) concern have been delineated by states. How precisely was

                the particular zone delimited?

                     e. Louisiana court rulings on adequacy of boundary determinations in

                other contexts (Lake Pontchartrain; parish boundaries; special districts, etc.).

                     f. Boundary delimitation techniques enployed by other states with

                extensive wetlands (as a reference source).

                          1. administrative and implementation history. How feasible is

                              a wetlands boundary?

                          2.  legal cases or rulings relating to adequacy of boundary

                              delimitations in other states (are they constitutional?).

                     g. Enforceability of the coastal management law under various types

                of landward definitions:


                          1. attitudes and views of enforcement officials.

                          2.  constitutional arguments regarding "vagueness," "equal

                              protection,l' etc.

                     h. Legislative language    appropriate to varibus alternative defini-

                tions-with recorm--ndations on most appropriate in Louisiana.

                     i. Status of Tidelands litigation--will lack of complete delimitation

                of "coastline" under SIA have any effect on coastal management program in

                Louisiana?


                     J. Adequacy of surveys of all federal lands excluded from coastal



                                                    43











                zone. If inadequate, is it important that it be rectified?

                    k. Effectiveness of boundary delimitations, by reference to other

                Louisiana contexts or other states, of use of technical measures such as:


                          1. tidal influence.


                          2. saltwater influence.


                          3. vegetation.

                          4. storm and flood surge limits.


                 SUBTASK I-B: STUDY, DEVELOP, AND IMPLEMENT LEGAL AUTHORITY NECESSARY TO
                              MEET THE REQUIREKENTS OF SECTIONS 306(d) and (e) of CZMA



                 1. Identify major legal issues important to developing a sound coastal

                 zone management program (land-water boundary issues, water use law, wet-

                 lands control, etc.) and suggest alternative approaches to resolving those

                 issues.


                 2. Analyze existing governmental and legal studies of coastal zone manage-

                 ment and related issues previously made by state agencies, university

                 groups, consultants, etc.

                 3. Review Louisiana Civil Code, judicial, administrative and executive

                 legal materials to determine whether the legal doctrine of the state

                 conflicts with the management program.

                 4. Analyze the Louisiana constitutions of 1921 and 1974 for relevance to

                 coastal zone management looking specifically at transitional provisions

                 with specific cognizance of new laws related to the required consoli-

                 dation of state agencies and the role of local government in land use

                 control.


                 5. Analyze coastal zone management functions of the various state

                 agencies and local and regional governmental entities.


                                              44











                6. Develop a mechanism for dealing with special problems such as the

                power to acquire land or manage unique or heavily stressed areas.

                7. Recommend alternative methods for fulfilling requirements of Section

                306(d) and (e) by the state management program.

                8. Maintain close contact with the legislature. Should the Louisiana

                legislature pass a coastal management related bill during the 1974 session,

                the bill will have to be thoroughly studied.

                9. Survey legislation and legislative proposals made in other states for

                ideas and concepts relevant to problems in the Louisiana coastal zone.

                10. Maintain close contact with the neighboring and regional states.

                Louisiana coastal zone management will have to be closely coordinated with

                the management systems established in Texas and Mississippi.

                Expansion of Subtask Activitigï¿½

                     In addition to items 1-10 mentioned above, the following will also

                be considered:


                1. Major legal issues:

                    a. What are the permissible land and water use controls in a Louisiana

                context which would not violate Louisiana and/or federal law?

                    b. What is the public domain law of Louisiana? Is it akin to the

                public trust doctrine? Over what lands and waters does it apply? How

                useful is this in a Louisiana coastal management program?

                    c. How critical is a delimitation of privately-owned as opposed to

                state-owned wetlands to coastal management in Louisiana?

                    d. Under current law, which governmental bodies regulate coastal

                land and water use at the state and/or local level? Is their authority

                sufficient under new coastal management program envisioned?

                    e. Under current law, are controls over certain land and water uses


                                                 45











                reserved exclusively to local governmental units?

                    f. Does Louisiana Water Law protect public and/or private rights in

                water flow and circulation as well as water quality? How useful is Water

                Law in a coastal management regime?

                    g. Does Louisiana's proposed legal regime for CZM have sufficient

                authority to acquire interests in property (under CZMA)?

                    h. Under state and federal law, what are the criteria for consti-

                tutionality of a wetlands regulatory statute?

                    i. Under state and federal law, what are the criteria for proper

                delegation of authority from the Legislature to an agency for administering

                a wetlands regulatory law?

                2. Survey of previous studies:

                        a) develop bibliographical index of issues and problems addressed

                        b)  develop bibliography of Louisiana CZM law (treatises, texts,,

                            articles, memos)

                        c)  extract suggestions from studies applicable to CZM in Louisiana

                            coordinate with other legal research groups to insure cross-

                            use of materials generated.



                                         Louisiana Studies

                        a)  Sea Grant Legal Program.

                        b)  Joint Legislative Committee on Environmental Quality.

                        0   Justice Department.

                        d)  Legislative Council.

                        e)  Louisiana State Law Institute.

                        f)  Legal literature.

                        h)  Consultants.

                        i)  IACCMR.


                                                 46











                                 Gulf Coast and Key Wetlands States

                     Survey of coastal management laws of other states:

                         a) catalog key statutes, decisions and regulations.

                     Note specifically:

                             1. relationships between levels of government.

                             2.  definition of "coastal zone" (especially where wetlands

                                 are involved)

                             3.  land and water use activities subject to CZM juris-


                                 diction.


                 3 and 4. Outline key Louisiana legal doctrines relevant to CZM: Prepare

                 a loose-leaf reference source for quick reference and easy up-date.

                         a) Constitutional provisions (1921 and 1974).

                         b)  Civil Code provisions (public domain, Sic Utere, etc).

                         c)  Court decisions.

                         d)  Statutes: creation and empowerment of state, local, special

                             agencies; transitional legislation; consolidation of agencies;

                             required coordination between agencies. (See intergovernmental

                             coordination tasks where authority of all relevant agencies

                             would be discussed.)

                         e)  Land use laws, water use, waterbottom regulation, pollution,

                             fisheries, wetland legislation, parish zoning, public works,

                             agency regulations.

                 5. (See discussion under intergovernmental coordination, III-A).

                 6. Outline precedence for the establishment of special management zones

                 in Louisiana for possible application in areas of particular concern;

                 hydrologic basins; estuarine sanctuaries, etc. under coastal management

                 program.


                                                    47











                          a) jurisdiction of Superport Authority.

                          b) special districts (levees, ports, freshwater).

                          c) Vieux Carre, other historic and cultural districts.

                          d) hunting and wildlife management areas.

                 i. 'Determine existing Louisiana law applicable to fulfill legal require-

                 ments of CZMA 9306(d) and (e); determine alternative approaches to new law

                 needed where current law could not meet ï¿½306(d) and (e) mandates.

                 8. Keep appropriate committees of the legislature informed of progress

                 (in conjunction with Study Management Team):

                          a) Joint Legislative Cramittee on Environmental Quality.

                          b) House Natural Resources Committee.

                          c) Senate Natural Resources Committee.

                 9. Maintain regular liaison with CZM legal program counterpart in Texas

                 and Mississippi on questions of:

                          a) activities CZM will exercise control over.

                          b)  landward extent of coastal zone.

                          c)  reciprocal relations in enforcement of coastal management

                              laws.


                          d)  other specialized programs-.

                          e)  interstate control of particular areas.

                          f.  multistate land and water use planning.


                 TASK III:   DEVELOPING ONGOING COORDINATION WITH LOCAL, REGIONAL, STATE,
                             AND FEDERAL AGENCIES LEADING TO COMPLEMENTARY PROGRAM GOALS
                             AND OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES WHERE POSSIBLE AND MUTUAL ASSIST-
                             ANCE  IN PROGRAM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION



                 SUBTASK III-A:    IDENTIFY KEY LOCAL STATE AND FEDERAL AGENCIES INVOLVED
                                   IN DECISIONS AFFECTING WETLAND AREAS, TO EXPLORE WAYS TO
                                   SHARE TECHNICAL INFORMATION, TO STREAMLINE PROCEDURES,
                                   TO ASSIST IRSTRUCTURING COASTAL MANAGEMENT, AND TO DEVELOP
                                   COMMON GOALS AND OBJECTIVES



                                                      48













              1. Inventory all local, state and federal agencies having significant

              responsibilities affecting wetland activities. Identify goals and

              ub@actives of each agency, operational procedures (this should be closely

              -Gordinated with the section on impact assessment), and general capa-

              bilities (planning, research, field personnel, and data gathering).

              2. Perform analysis of agency functions identified in part "a" to

              identify overlap, duplication, conflicts, and gaps where they may exist.

                      a) compare findings coming out of legal section and evaluation

                         procedures section to further refine the specific areas where

                         coordination or combined efforts between agencies would be


                         necessary.

                     b)  where there are agencies with common or overlapping capa-

                         bilities, design alternative structures for ensuring, com-

                         plementing and combining functions to meet CZM needs.

              3. Prepare rec   endations for needed changes in laws or operational

              procedures.

              Expansion of SubtAsk_ACtJ_NJLJg&

                  In addition to the items mentioned in 1-3 above, the following sub-

              jects will be considered and matrices filled.
















                                             49













                 1. Federal Level.




                            Law &   Ag.      Relations     Relation     Planning          Possible
                            Regs.    Org.     to La.       to state     functions        links to
                                             wetlands      & locals     Personnel        state CZM
                                                                        field oprs.


                 COE


                 MS


                 EPA


                 XKFS


                 NEPA


                 DOT


                 AEC


                 FAA


                 FPC_ICC


                 BLM


                 HUD SCS


                         J--------L ------J------------ L ----------  I------------- L----


                     a. Impact of 9307 requirements in Louisiana--required amendments to

                 state agency and federal agency procedures once Louisiana has an approved


                 management program.

                     b. Determine state-federal dealings at this time. Is a lack perceived

                 by agency people?

                     c. Identify potential amendments to laws Congress is considering and

                 follow progress.

                     d. Determine potential ways for combining reviews, or administrative

                 matters, crossing traditional barriers between state-federal.

                     e. Evaluate potential constitutional issues in state-federal relations

                 affecting coastal decisions.


                                                       50













                 2. State Level.




                            Const.    Ag.    Pers.      Planning      Relations       Links to
                            Stat.     Org. Budg.        functions     to locals       state CZM
                            Regs.            Equip.                   & feds.


                      -------------------------------------------------------------------------


                 WLYC


                 HO-ilth


                 Lands


                 Cons.


                 SCC


                 DPW


                 Ag-For


                 Inst.


                 Super


                 -----------------------------------------------------------        -------------


                      a. A committee of state agency representatives should be established


                 at outset.


                      b. As concept and framework of Louisiana CZM takes shape, assess

                 impact on existing agency activities and responsibilities--can functions

                 be combined and administration streamlined?


                      c. Stay abreast of reorganization plans and interpretations under

                 new constitution.















                                                     51











                3. Local and Special District Level




                                Stats.    Org.       Planning      Links to    Potential use
                               Regs.      Pers.      activities    state &     in state CZM
                                          Budg.                    feds.



                P.J


                Mun.


                RPC


                Water Dist.


                Ports


                Levee  Bds.

                                                   -------------  ---------- L----------------


                     a. Assess capability of local-special district units to participate

                in CZM from standpoint of:

                         1) control of land uses.

                         2) request for projects in their region.

                         3) planning-environmental assessment functions.

                     b.  Determine techniques for legally linking regulatory or develop-

                ment programs to CZM.

                     c. Determine feasibility of grant-in-aid program to locals for purpose

                of amending plan-regulations-projects to conform to state CZM.

               OBJECTIVES FOR 30 JUNE 1975


                       I. Final  -report will be submitted to SMT on legal aspects of deter-

               mining boundaries for the coastal zone. The report will include alternative

               approaches available to state, re commendat ions on seaward, landward, and

               lateral boundary determination techniques, and an Appendix containing

               reference materials on legal aspects of coastal zone boundaries.


                                                    52











                   II. Status report will be submitted to SMT on analysis of legal

               issues with special attention an 1) major legal issues and potential

               impediments to CZM development in Louisiana, 2) impact of new constitution

               and reorganization of agencies on CZM development in Louisiana, and 3)

               most probable aspects of CZM where new law would be necessary to meet

               requirements of ï¿½306(d) and (e) and 39 Fed. Reg. 30153 (CZM Program

               Approval Regulations).

                   III. Status report will be submitted to SMT on legal aspects of inter-

               governmental coordination discussing impact on state-federal relations

               should Louisiana receive an approved management program and alternative

               legal mechanisms for involving local government (or special districts) in

               a management program.





































                                                 53















                                              ITEMIZED BUDGET


                                      LEGAL/GOVERNMENTAL ASPECTS OF
                                      COASTAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT


                                      October 1, 1974 - June 30, 1975



                                               Man Months           Cost           Total


                  Salaries & Wages


                     Marc J. Hershman
                     (Task Team Coordinator)       2                4,332
                     Research Attorney             8                11,000
                     Sheryl Jolissaint             4.5              2,925
                     Secretarial                   3                1,500
                     Student Wages                                  -1,350

                       Sub Total                                                   $21,107

                  Indirect Cost of Salaries &
                  & Wages @ 22%                                                     4,644

                  Employee Benefits of
                  Salaries & Wages @ 13.7%                                          2,892

                  Supplies & Expenses                                               1,700

                  Travel


                     In State                                          750
                     Washington, D.C. & Gulf Coast                     750

                       Sub Total                                                    1,500

                            Total                                                  $31,843
















                                                     54



 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I                                        PERSONNEL VITAE
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 I
 1
                                                 55
 1














                 BECKER, RONALD E., Center for Wetland Resources, La. State U
                 Univ., Baton Rouge, La. CIVIL ENGINEERING. b. Ames, Ia.,
                 Nov. 7, 28. m., c. 1. Geol. Engr., Colo. Sch. of Mines, 51;
                 M.S.E. Purdue Univ. (Soil Mechanics), 58; Grad. Studies, Purdue
                 Univ. (Civil Engineering), Doctoral Studies 66-68. Topo. Engr.,
                 U.S. Army (First Lt.), 52-58; Soil Mech. Engr., U.S. Army
                 Engineers, Sacramento Dist., 59-60; Auto. Data Proc. Mgr.,
                 U.S. Army Engineers, Sacramento Dist., 60-63; Tech. Investi-
                 gator, Program Mgr., Geoscience Dept., Texas Instruments Inc.,
                 Dallas,, Tex., 63-66; Instr. in Res., Lab. for Agric. Remote
                 Sensing, Purdue Univ., 66-68; Senior scientist, Radiation Sci.
                 Branch, Texas instruments Inc., Dallas, Tex., 68-70; LA. STATE
                 UNIV.: RES. ASSOC., 70-, and ASST. TO DIR., CWR, 71-. Sigma
                 Xi, Amer. Soc. Civ. Engr. (mem.), Reg. Prof. Engr. Texas.
                 Special interests: Remote sensing, terrain analysis, soil
                 mechanics, engineering geology, management systems. 13 pub-
                 lications.


                 Selected publications:

                      Aerial infrared surveys: a highway research tool. Highway
                      Research Record 142:55-63, 1966 (with C. W. Lancaster).

                      The role of reconnaissance in management of recreational
                      areas. Proceedings, First Annual Remote Sensing Conf.
                      for Recreation and Resource Admin., Texas A&M Univ.,
                      College Station, Dec. 9-10, 1969, pp. 34-69.

                      Controlled diversions in the Mississippi Delta system: an
                      approach to environmental management. Hydrologic and
                      Geologic Studies of Coastal Louisiana, Rept. No. 8.
                      Center for Wetland Resources, La. State Univ., Baton
                      Rouge, 1971, 134 p. (with S. M. Gagliano and P. Light).

                      Wave energy studies along the Louisiana coast. Hydrologic
                      and Geologic Studies of Coastal Louisiana, Rept. No. 12.
                      Center for Wetland Resources, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge,
                      1971, 22 p.

                      Measurement of Louisiana's coastal shoreline. Hydrologic and
                      Geologic Studies of Coastal Louisiana, Rept. No. 15. Center
                      for Wetland Resources, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, 1972,
                      16 p.












                                                56














                DAY, JOHN W., JR., Office of Sea Grant Development and Dept. of
                Marine Sciences, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, La. ESTUARINE
                ECOLOGY. b. Baton Rouge, La., May 30, 45. m. c. 1. B.S.
                (Zoo),La. State Univ., 67; M.S. (Zoo), La. State Univ., 68; Ph.D.
                (Mar. Sci.), Univ. N. Carolina, 71. LA. STATE UNIV.: Research
                Assoc., 71-72; ASST. PROF. 72 -. Mem. Amer. Soc. Limn. Oceano.,
                Assoc. S. E. Biologists, Sigma Xi, Mu Sigma Rho, Phi Kappa Phi.
                Special Interests: Estuarine ecology, systems ecology. 6 publi-
                cations,


                Selected publications:


                      Absorption of endrin by the Bluegill sunfish, Lapomis macro-
                      chirus. Pesticides Monitoring Journal, 3:201-203, 1970
                      (with Harry J. Bennett).

                      Carbon metabolism of estuarine ponds receiving treated sewage
                      wastes. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of N. Carolina, pub. by
                      Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich., 128 pp., 1971.

                      Carbon budget and total productivity of an estuarine oxi-
                      dation pond receiving secondary sewage effluent. Proc. of
                      Second Int. Symp. for Waste Treatment Lagoons, pp. 100-114,
                      1970 (with H. T. Odum and C. M. Weiss).

                      Community structure and carbon budget of a salt marsh and
                      shallow bay esturine system in Louisiana. Center for Wetlands
                      Resources, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, La., publ. No. LSU-
                      SG-72-04, 1973 (with W. G. Smith, W. C. Stowe, and P. R.
                      Wagner).

                      Estuarine Food Chains. In Coastal Zone Management Guidebook,
                      The Conservation Foundation, 1974 (with J. P. Schweitzer).
                      (in press)

















                                                57













                FORD, THEODORE B., Office of Sea Grant Devel. and Dept. of Marine
                Sci., La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, La. ICHTHYOLOGY. b. Columbia,
                Miss., June 28, 23. m., c. 4. B.A., Univ. of Miss., 48; M.S., 49;
                Ph.D., Univ. of Ill., 59. La. Wild Life and Fisheries Commission:
                Biologist II, River Basin Studies, 54-55; Biologist III, River Basin
                Studies, 55-60; Asst. Chief, Fish and Game Div., 60-62; Asst. Chief,
                Div. of Oysters, Water Bottoms & Seafoods, 62-66; Chief, Div. of
                Oysters, Water Bottoms & Seafoods, 66-70. LA. STATE UNIV.: Asst.
                Director for Research & Liaison, Office of Sea Grant Development,
                70-73; ASSOC. DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH & LIAISON, Office of Sea Grant
                Development, 74- ; PROFESSOR OF MARINE SCIENCES, 70-. Mem. and
                past pres. Gulf States Council on Wildlife, Fisheries & Mosquito
                Control; mem. and past pres. World Mariculture Soc.; mem. Gulf &
                Caribbean Fisheries Inst., National Shellfisheries Assn., The
                Wildlife Soc., M.O.W.W.; Chmn. Tech. Coordinating Committee,
                Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission. Special interests:
                marine and lacustrine fauna of central Gulf Coast; fisheries
                mgt. and planning; coastal ecology; conservation; planning and
                resource mgt. 19 publications.

                Selected publications:

                     Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, State of Louisiana. Gulf
                     of Mexico Investigations - Research and Marine Resources.
                     Pub. No. 107, Gulf Universities Research Corp., pp. 7-10,
                     Oct. 1968.


                     Oysters, water bottoms and seafoods. La. Conservationist,
                     20(9-& 10):46, Sept.-Oct. 1968.

                     Shrimp season facts. La. Conservationist, 21(5 & 6):11,
                     May-June 1969.

                     Effects of Hurricane Camille on Louisiana's oyster growing
                     areas east of Mississippi River--Lake Borgne to California
                     Bay--and other marine fisheries industries. La. Wild Life
                     and Fisheries Commission, State of Louisiana, Oysters,
                     Water Borroms and Seafoods Div., pp. 79-83, 1969.

                     Management guidelines for predicting brown shrimp, Penaeus
                     aztecus, production in Louisiana. Proc. 23rd Annual Session,
                     Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Inst., Willemstad, Curacao,
                     Nov. 1970. Univ. of Miami, pp. 149-164, June 1971.











                                                58











             HOOD, MARY A., Dept. Sea Grant Dev., La. State Univ., Baton Rouge
             La. MICROBIOLOGY. b, Portage, Wis,, March 18, 44; B.S.
             (Biology) Southeastern La. College, 66; M.S. (Microbiology) La. State
             Univ., 70; Ph.D., 73. High School Teacher, Baraboo, Wis., 66-67;
             High School Teacher, Orfordville, Wis., 67, East Baton Rouge,Parish,
             68. LA. STATE UNIV.: Res. Asst., Dept. of Microbiology, 68-70; Res.
             Asst., Dept. Marine Sciences, 70-73; RES. ASSOC., 73 -. Mem. Amer.'
             Soc. Microb., Phi Kappa Phi. Special interests: Marine Microbiology.
             5 publications.


             Selected publications:

                  Seasonal bacterial studies in Barataria Bay. La. State Univ.,
                  Coastal Studies Bull. No. 6:16-26, 1969. (with A. R. Colmer)

                  The biology of aquatic chitinoclastic bacteria and their
                  chitinoclastic activities. La Mer, 197-3. (with S. P. Meyers)
                  (in press)

                  Implications of microorganisms in the biology of penaeid shrimp.
                  26th Ann. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Proc., 1973. (with S. P.
                  Meyers)

                  Biodegradation of chitin in Louisiana salt marshes. Bact. Proc.
                  73:6-137, 1973. (with S. P. Meyers)

                  A comparison of three media in determination of bacterial
                  content of sediments in Barataria Bay. La. State Univ. Coastal
                  Stud. Bull. No. 5:125-134, 1970. (with A. R. Colmer)




























                                               59













                HERSHMAN, MARC J., Law Center, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge,
                La. LAW. b. Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 24, 42. m., c. 1. A.B.
                (political Science), Temple Univ., 64; J.D., Temple Univ., 67;
                Grad. Study, Univ. of Miami, 70. Lecturer in Political Sci.,
                Temple Univ., 67-68; Lawyer (self-employed), 68; U.S. Army (Capt.),
                68-70. LA STATE UNIV.: RESEARCH DIRECTOR, COASTAL RESOURCES
                LAW, 70 -. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, LA. ADVISORY COMM. ON COASTAL
                AND MARINE RESOURCES, 71-73. EDITOR-IN-CHItF, COASTAL ZONE
                MANAGEMENT JOURNAL; EDITOR, Louisiana Coastal Law. La. Alternate
                Delegate to Southern Governor's Regional Conservation Council.
                Mem. Pa. Bar Assoc., Law of the Sea Inst., U. of R.I. Conferee,
                68-70; Marine Tech. Soc., Sierra Club, Environmental Law Soc.,
                Advisor LSU Law Center. Research interests: Legal aspects of
                natural resource conservation and development, state adminis-
                tration of natural resources., legal aspects of coastal zone
                management, environmental law.


                Selected publications:

                     Louisiana Wetlands Prospectus. Final report of the Louisiana
                     Advisory Commission on Coastal and Marine Resources, 1973.

                     Louisiana Coastal Law. Louisiana State Univ. Sea Grant Legal
                     Program, Reports Nos. 1-15, 1971-1974.

                     Federal Coastal Zone Management Legislation - S.3507. In
                     Proceedings, Second Coastal Marsh and Estuary Management
                     Symposium, Louisiana State Univ., 1973.

                     Louisiana Superport Studies, Report No. 1. Center for
                     Wetland Resources, Louisiana State  Univ., 1972.

                     Commentary   On the Limitations of the National Environmental
                     Policy Act. Ecology, 54(2).



















                                                 60













                   McINTIRE, WILLIAM G., Center for Wetland Resources, La. State
                   Univ., Baton Rouge, La. MORPHOLOGY. b. Price, Utah, June 28,
                   18. m., c. 3. B.S. (archeology-geology), Brigham Young Univ.,
                   50; Ph.D. (geomorphology), La. State Univ., 54. LA. STATE UNIV.:
                   Instr., 53-56; Reader, Univ. Dacca, East Pakistan, 55-56; Asst.
                   Prof., 56-59; Assoc. Prof., 59-64; PROF., 64-; Director, Coastal
                   Studies Inst., 66-73; PRIN. INVES., ONR contract, 66-; ASSOC.
                   DIRECTOR, Center for Wetland Resources, 70-. Assisted on and
                   organized several field trips in coastal Louisiana (NRC-ONR, 57;
                   GSA, 62; etc.). Assisted in and organized several coastal con-
                   ferences (NRC-ONR, 57; 2nd Coastal Conf., LSU, 59; NSF-ONR, 61;
                   2nd Coastal and Shallow Water Conf., LSU, 71). Mem. Phi Kappa
                   Phi, Sigma Xi, Assoc. of Am. Geog., A.A.A.S., Soc. Am. Archeol.,
                   IGU Commission on Coastal Geomorphology. Special interests:
                   coastal morphology and environments, comparisons of coastal
                   environments on a worldwide basis, aerosols and coastal infor-
                   mation management. 25 publications.
                   Selected publications:*

                        Barbuda reconnaissance'. La. State Univ., Coastal Studies
                        Inst. Tech. Rept. 11, Part J, 53 p., 1966 (with R. J.
                        Russell).

                        The Isla de Lobos and associated reefs. La. State Univ.,
                        Coastal Studies Inst. Tech. Rept. 42 (reprinted from
                        Brigham Young Univ. Geology Studies, 13:3-46), 1967
                        (with J. K. Rigby).

                        Reports on the Mekong River delta. La. State Univ.,
                        Coastal Studies Inst. Tech. Rept. 57, 1968 (with S. M.
                        Gagliano).

                        Development of barrier island lagoons: western Gulf of
                        Mexico. Lagunas Costeras, un Simposio, pp. 49-62, 1969.
                        Mem. Simp. Intern. Lagunas Costeras, UNAM-UNESCO, Nov.
                        28-30, 1967, Mexico, D. F. (with C. L. Ho).

                        Transiting coastal river channels. International Hydrographic
                        Review, 48(l):11-43, Jan. 1971 (with J. M. Coleman).












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                 SMITH, BENJAMIN LINCOLN, JR.,Center for Wetland Resources, La. State
                 Univ., Baton Rouge, La.  OCEAN ENGINEERING. b. Concord, Mass., July ll,
                 35. m., 2 children. BSEE, Tuffts Univ., Medford, Mass., 63; MSEE,
                 Northeastern Univ., Boston, Mass., 67; Ph.D., Univ., of Rhode Island,
                 Kingston, R.I., 73.  Electronic Tech., U.S. Navy, 54-58; Jr. Electronic
                 Tech., Raytheon Co., Bedford, Mass., 58-59, Electronic Tech, to Engineer-
                 ing Asst., summers 59-62; Engineer, Sanders Assoc., Nashua, N.H., 63-67;
                 Res. Asst. to Res. Assoc., Univ. of R. I., Kingston, 66-72; Sr. Ocean
                 Engineer/Electronic Engineer, Sanders Associates, Nashua, N. H.., 72-74;
                 Recipient Sanders Assoc. Grad. Fellow Award.  Member Inst. Electrical
                 and Electronic Engrs., ISA, MTS.

                 Publications:

                      Sonogram Spectral Analyses of Seismic Profiling Sources.  Univ.
                      of Rhose Island, Col. of Engr., Rept. CE-572, 1969.

                      Computer Calculation and Plotting of the Equi-potential Field
                      Distribution Produced by Two Equal and Oppositely Polarized
                      Sources Separated by a Linear Distance. Univ. of Rhode Island
                      Dept. of Ocean Engr., Rept. OE-291, 1970.

                      Ocean State Prediction Applying Statistical Multivariate Analysis
                      to Scarce Data.  Fourth Annual Offshore Tech. Conf., 1972 (with
                      Lester LeBlanc).


                      Estuarine Pollution Monitoring System Utilizing Multivariate
                      Prediction Techniques. Proc., IEEE Internat. Conf. on Engr.
                      in the Ocean Environment (OCEANS 72), 1972 (with Lester LeBlanc).

                       Reduced Instrumentation through Multivariate Statistical Predic-
                       tion. 19th National Instrumentation Symposium, 1973 (with Lester
                       LeBlanc).


                       Corrosion and Fouling of In Situ Estuarine Instrumentation. l9th
                       National Instrumentation Symposium, 1973 (with Lester LeBlanc).

















                                                        62
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                 STONE, JAMES H., Dept. of Marine Sciences, La. State Univ.,
                 Baton Rouge, La. ECOLOGY. b. Helena, Montana, Oct. 20, 32.
                 m., c. 2. B.A. (Phil-Bio.), Univ. Calif., Berkeley, 58; M.A.
                 (Bio.), Univ. Ore., 62; Ph.D. (Zoo.); Univ. Cape Town, Rep.
                 S. Africa, 65; Res. Sci., LaMont Geo. Obs., Columbia Univ.,
                 65-66; Dir.Envir. Sci., Gulf South Res. Inst., 66-71. LA.
                 STATE UNIV.: ASSOC. PROF., 71 -. Mem., British Ecol. Soc.,
                 Ecol. Soc. Amer., Amer. Soc. Limno. Oceanog., A.A.A.S.
                 Special interests: Population and community ecology, indus-
                 trial effects on aquatic ecology, statistical analyses and
                 estuarine ecology.


                 Selected publications:

                      Summary of Recommendations. Rept. No. 1: Preliminary
                      Recommendations and Data Analysis, Louisiana Superport
                      Studies. La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, Center for
                      Wetland Resources, Pub. no. LSU-SG-72-03, pp. 1-10, 1972

                      Preliminary Assessments of the Environmental Impact of
                      a Superport on the Southeastern Coastal Area of Louisiana,
                      Rept. No. 2. Louisiana Superport Studies, Pub. No. LSU-
                      SG-72-05, Center for Wetland Resources, La. State Univ.,
                      Baton Rouge, 346 pp., 1973@

                      Recommendations for the Environmental Protection Plan,
                      Louisiana Superport Studies, Report No. 3. La. State
                      University, Baton Rouge, Center for Wetland Resources,
                      492 pp., 1973 (with J. Michael Robbins). (In press)

                      Environmental Planning for Future Port Development.
                      University of Wisconsin Press, 43 pp., 1973 (with Jack
                      R. Van Lopik) (In press).

                      Commentary - On the limitations of the National Environ-
                      mental Policy Act. Ecol. 54(2):231-232, 1973 (with J. W.
                      Day, et al.).















                                               63












             TEMPLET, PAUL H., Dept, of Chemistry and Physics, La. State Univ.,
             Baton Rouge, La. CHEMICAL PHYSICS. b. Port,Allen, La., July 29,
             40.@ m., c. 2. B.S. (Chem. and Physics), La. State Univ., 62; M.A.
             (Phys. Chem.), Duke Univ., 64. NSF Grantee, Univ. of Ark., Summer,
             61; Chemist, Shell Chemical Co., 64-66; Quality Control Supervisor,
             Shell Chemical Co., 66-68. LA. STATE UNIV.: Grad. Res. Asst., 68-71;
             Scientific Tech. Assoc., La. Advisory Comm. on Coastal and Marine
             Resources, 71-73; GRAD. RES. ASST., 73 -. Mem. Phi Eta Sigma; Sigma
             Pi Sigma; Chrm., Council on Environ. Issues; Press Council; Chemstrand
             Res. Grant; Delegate to Intercors SCOPE Conference; Campus Coordinator-
             Earth Day, April 1970. Special interests: Environmental activism,
             outdoor activities.



             Selected publications:

                  Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Mercuric Halides. J. Chemical
                  Physics, 45(11):5746, 1972.

                  Mercury Levels in Aquatic Species in the Lower Mississippi River.
                  Presented to Wild Life and Fisheries Commission (with W.H. Pozzi).

                  Louisiana Government and the'Coastal Zone, 1972. First Annual
                  Report of the La. Advisory Comm. on Coastal and Marine Resources,
                  March, 1972.

                  Wetlands '73: Toward Coastal Zone Management in  Louisiana. Second
                  Annual Report of the La. Advisory Comm. on Coastal and Marine
                  Resources, March, 1973.

                  Louisiana Wetlands Prospectus, Conclusions, Recommendations, and
                  Proposals of the La. Advisory Comm. on Coastal and Marine Resources,
                  September, 1973.























                                                 64













                 TURNER, ROBERT EUGENE, Dept. of Marine Sciences, La. State
                 Univ., Baton Rouge, La. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. b. 46. m. B.A.
                 (Biology), Monmouth College, 67; M.A. (Biology), Drake Univ.,
                 69; Ph.D. (Zoology), Univ. of Georgia, 73. Teaching Asst.,
                 Drake, 69; Teaching Asst., Georgia, 70; Fellowship, Duke Univ.,
                 71-73. LA. STATE UNIV.: RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, 73 -. Mem.,
                 Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci., Amer. Soc.
                 of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Ecol. Soc. of Amer.
                 Research Interests: Nutrient cycling, community metabolism,
                 biostatistics.


                 Selected publications:

                      Seasonal Plankton Production and Respiration Rates
                      for a Georgia Salt-marsh Estuary and Coastal Waters.
                      Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, 1973.

                      The effect of 2-4-D on Succession in micro-ecosystems.
                      M.A. Thesis, Drake Univ., Des Moines, Iowa, 1969.




































                                                65














                  VAN LOPIK, JACK R., Center for Wetland Resources, La. State Univ.,
                  Baton Rouge, La. GEOLOGY. b. Holland, Mich., Feb. 25, 29. B.S.,
                  Mich. State Univ., 50; M.S., La State Univ., 53; Ph.D., 55. Area
                  Investigator, LSU, 51-54; U.S. Armyj 55-57; Program Manager, Asst.
                  Chief, and Chief, Geology Branch, U.S. Army Engineers Waterways
                  Exp. Sta., Vicksburg, Miss., 55-61; Tech. Requirements Dir., Mgr.
                  and Tech. Dir., Geosciences Operations, Texas Instr., Inc., Dallas,
                  Texas, 61-68. LA. STATE UNIV.: PROF. AND CHAIRMAN, DEPT. OF
                  MARINE SCI., DIRECTOR, SEA GRANT DEVELOPMENT, 68 -; DIRECTOR,
                  CENTER FOR WETLAND RESOURCES, 70 -. Mem., AAAS (Fellow); Geol.
                  Soc. Amer. (Fellow); Amer. Astron. Soc. (Senior mem., Chrm. and
                  Dir., Southwest Sec., 66-67); Amer. Soc. Photogrammetry (mem.,
                  Board of Directors, 69-72, Chrm., Photo Interpretation Comm.,
                  61, 65); Amer. Geophys. Union; Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. (mem.,
                  Academic Advisory Comm., 73 -); Soc. of Amer. Military Engr.;
                  Soc. Econ. Paleon. and Mineral. (mem. Research Comm., 62-65);
                  Assoc. Amer. Geog.; Assoc. of Sea Grant Program Institutions
                  (mem. Ex. Board, 72 -); La. Advisory Comm. an Coastal and Marine
                  Resources (Commissioner, 71-73); Am. Management Assoc.; Soc. of
                  Research Administrators; Marine Technology Soc.; National Research
                  Council (Chrm. CORSPERS Panel-on Geog. and Land Use, 69 -); Amer.
                  Water Resources Assoc.; Natl. Ocean Industries Assoc. (mem.,
                  Advisory Council, 73 -); Sigma Xi. 47 publications.


                  Selected publications:

                       Recent Geology and Geomorphic History of Central Coastal
                       Louisiana. Technical Report No. 7, Coastal Studies
                       Institute, La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, La., 1955.

                       Depositional Environments of the Mississippi River Deltaic
                       Plain --- Southeastern Louisiana. In Geology of Deltas,
                       Houston Geological Soc., Houston, Texas, 1966 (with
                       Charles R. Kolb).

                       Pollution Surveillance by Non-Contact Infrared Techniques.
                       Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, March, I,
                       1968 (with G. S. Rambie and A. E. Pressman).

                       Louisiana Wetlands Prospectus: Conclusions, Recommenda-
                       tions and Proposals of the Louisiana Advisory Commission
                       on Coastal and Marine Resources,- State of La., 1973 (with
                       other commissioners and staff L.A.C.C.M.R.).

                       Environmental Planning for Future Port Development. Proceed.
                       Conference on Port Plan. and Dev. as Related to Problems of
                       U.S. Ports & the U.S. Coastal Environ., Univ. of Wisconsin,
                       Milwaukee, 1973 (with J. H. Stone).





                                               66




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                                          CAPABILITY STATEMENT



                       Capabilities developed by the Center for Wetland Resources through

                 the Sea Grant Program and other coastal research activities complement

                 and support Coastal Management Program Development in Louisiana. These

                 capabilities are based on a long record of intensive field and laboratory

                 research which began in 1950 and continues to the present. The Coastal

                 Studies Institute was formed in 1954; the Sea Grant Program was initiated

                 in 1968; and the Center for Wetland Resources was established in 1970 as

                 an overview organization and focal point for university marine related

                 activities. Investigative efforts have been directed toward gaining an

                 understanding of Louisiana's complex and richly endowed coastal wetlands

                 and nearshore waters. The long-range goal is to develop predictive

                 environmental capabilities and provide guidance in meeting local and

                 regional developmental needs with minimum impact on critical areas.

                       Our present capabilities derive from nurturing a well-staffed,

                 multi-disciplinary program which maintains an appropriate balance between

                 basic and applied research and development. The program includes a

                 coastal legal activity housed in the LSU Law Center. Thus, the effective

                 linking law-socio-economic activity with biological, physical and chemical

                 phenomena is assured.

                       A natural evolvement has resulted in development of a capability

                 for regional environmental synthesis. When the Sea Grant Program began

                 in 1968 it was possible to launch an intensive field and laboratory

                 study in the Barataria Bay region. This study was initiated through

                 cooperation with the Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission. Drs.




                                                   68











               Lyle St. Amant and Ted Ford were instrumental in the initial  study area

               selection and investigative concepts. Cooperation with LWLFC is a vital

               part of our program.

                     In addition to the Barataria Bay environmental study, several major

               synthesis studies have been completed or are currently underway.

                     e An environmental study for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New

                        Orleans District


                     9  Study of Superport feasibility for the Louisiana Superport Task

                        Force


                     *  Study for an environmental protection plan, Deep Draft Harbor

                        and Terminal Authority

                     e  Atchafalaya Basin environmental study for Environmental Protection

                        Agency

                     *  Environmental assessment study for Louisiana Offshore Oil Port,

                        Inc. (consortium of oil companies)

                     0  Study of coastal wetlands management in Louisiana and three

                        foreign countries (England, Netherlands and France), Ford

                        Foundation


                     Input and information support for the synthesis activity derives

               from an extensive research program within the Center which includes

               research activities conducted in the Coastal Studies Institute. Appendix A

               and B describes the Center and Sea Grant programs in more detail.

                     The Center's rationale for conducting regional synthesis inves-

               tigations and utilizing information handling and management techniques

               is depicted in Figure 1. The range of studies indicated in the appen-

               dices supplies the background information for personnel concerned with

               data synthesis-analysis and information display investigations relevant



                                                 69























                                               Oceanographic
                                                  Systems
                          E
                                 Chemical                    ydrologic
                                   Systems                    Systems
                  Biological                           L
                   Systems                                                Geological
                                                                           Geomorphic
                                                                              Systems
                                                                                          climatological
                                                                                             Systems


                                                                                                                                                                    Planners
                                                                                                  Experiment
                                                                                                    Design                      Impact
                                                                                                                               Assessment
                   C. W, R.                            Legal &                                                                 Technique        Tnformation         Decision
                    ONGOING                         Socio-Economic                    310-              Prediction          - - - - - - - -       Display            Making
                   RESEARCH                                                                              Modeling              Technology                           Interface
                                                                                                                                Transfer
                                                                                                 Governmental &                Processes                            Managers
                                                                                                 Private Liaison
                                                                                      Fstatistical
                                                                                           Analysis
                   Library                                           F Mathematical
                   Research                                nstrumentation     Analysis
                                 Computer                E        &
                               Programming                       Sampling
                                                  Data
                                               Collection




                        Figure 1: Center for Wetland Resource Coastal Information Synthesis Capability












               to coastal zone planning and management.

                     The Center staff represents a resource for the Siate that can be

               utilized in addressing the critical long-range problems inherent in

               coastal management. Utilization of this resource can effectively focus

               university effort and assure programmatic continuity in addressing complex

               problems of multiple use of coastal wetlands. The existing close working

               relationships between the Center and groups concerned with coastal zone

               management problem assures continuous development and transfer of appli-

               cable information and technology.

                     Various types of facilities and equipment support Center activities

               that range from field operations to data processing and display. Well

               equipped photographic and cartographic facilities are maintained. The

               data processing laboratory includes a Calma Digitizer (controlled by a

               16K Nova computer with printer and card reader), Wang calculators, key

               punch machines, and an IBM terminal connected with the LSU Computer Center.

               The Center Materials Laboratory contains specialized collections of coastal

               publications, maps, aerial photographs and related environmental data.

               Microfiche and microfilm readers and printers are available, as well as a

               microfilm recording camera.

                     Modern geochemical, sedimentologic and biologic laboratories are

               operated by the Center. Major equipment items included.1n the geochemical

               laboratory permit gas chromatographic, atomic absorption, spectophotometric,

               X-ray radiographic and differential thermal analysis investigations.

                     Although the proposed work does not require field data collection,

               familiarity with field logistical problems and instrumentation required

               for environmental data acquisition is essential for development of practical


                                                 70












               monitoring and management techniques. The Center has a highly qualified

               technical staff that provides needed field and laboratory support

               including electronic and machine shop services. Off-the-shelf data

               collection equipment designed for deep-water oceanographic studies often

               requires modification for use in shallow-water environments. Consequently,

               we support a considerable effort in maintaining, fabricating and developing

               specialized field equipment. A field operation station is maintained at

               Grand Isle, Louisiana, and extensive foreign operations are mounted

               routinely to all of the world's coastal areas. Six Boston-Whaler size

               craft, six 14 or 16-foot skiffs, one 22-foot, inboard-outboard craft and

               one 24-foot houseboat equipped as a field laboratory are utilized in

               Louisiana operations.


































                                                 71



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                                           APPENDIX A


                                         RESEARCH PROGRAM
                                    CENTER FOR WETLAND RESOURCES










                                        I. Introduction


              The Center for Wetland Resources serves as a focal point within Louisiana
       State University for activities related to the study, management and development
       of marine and coastal areas and resources. This entity, created in October,
       1970, provides common administration for the Coastal Studies Institute, the
       Department of Marine Sciences, and the Office of Sea Grant Development. The
       mission of the Department of Marine Sciences is mainly instructional; major
       research programs are vested primarily in the Coastal Studies Institute and the
       Office of Sea Grant Development.

              Also Center personnel are engaged in several applied research contracts
       for state and federal agencies; these represent important adjuncts to related
       long-range research goals identified with the Sea Grant program and state needs.

              In the following paragraphs research information concerning the Institute
       is presented separately from that covering Sea Grant and related projects. This
       format reflects the fact that the Institute maintains a separate identity as a
       research vehicle of the Geography Programs, Office of Naval Research, and under-
       scores its dedication to basic understanding of physical phenomena characterizing
       the world's seacoasts. On the other hand, Sea Grant research is dedicated to
       problems of an applied nature that are indigenous to coastal Louisiana and the
       northern Gulf region.


                                 II. Coastal Studies Institute


              'Research Objectives. The Institute seeks as ultimate objectives the
       knowledge and methodology needed for measurement, understanding and prediction
       of coastal environments around the world, as manifested by sea-air-land processes
       and associated morphological features. Work toward these objectives is organized
       around a =orphological classification system,, with the following features of





                                                 73









     greatest current interest:

            * Beaches and nearshore features

            * Deltas, rivers, estuaries
            ** Coral-reefs, cliff, fjord and archepelago coasts

            Such an approach enables a multidisciplinary team of investigators to
     coordinate work on a variety of interrelated problems at the same geographic
     location, thus achieving better comp@ehension of the natural systems under study
     than could be realized from completely independent research. Other benefits are
     realized through coordination of logistic support requirements.

            Research Strengths. Foremost among the Institute's research s   ,trengths is
     the operational field experience of its staff amassed in most of the world's coastal
     environments during the past 20 years under auspices of Geography Programs, Office
     of Naval Research. Another is the opportunity to devote almost full time to such
     research, again made possible through ONR's sustaining support. During this period,
     eWhasis has shifted from phenomenological observation and description to a mechan-
     istic approach involving quantification, analysis, and simulation.

            A consequent result has been increased specialization of Institute staff,
     in fields characterized by strong application of mathematics and physical science.

            The present mix of disciplines represented by the Institute staff is well
     suited for field investi-ation of the complex interacting processes that character-
     ize seacoasts. Inaluded are specialists in the dynamical aspects of coastal
     process-form regimes, interacting velocity fields, water mass properties and
     diffusion processes, atmospheric and thermodynamic processes, and coral reef ecology.
























                                                 74























                                                                  ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECT PARTICIPATION (COASTAL STUDIES INSTITUTE)


                     Campus                 DOI)artment           Investigator                  Research Interests                    Project                          Agency


                     LSU-BR                 CS1                   Coleman, James M.             COUSLal morphodynamics                Constal Infurmation              ON, It
                                                                                                (deltas), coastal forni-              Program.   I%Ivt!r inoULIV
                                                                                                process relationships.                morphodynamics.

                     LSU-BR                 CS1                   11o, Clara L.                 Soil geocheraistry.                   Deltas, Rivers and               0 N P,
                                                                                                                                      E--tuaries. Early
                                                                                                                                      diagenesis in coastal
                                                                                                                                      plain sediments; chem-
    -4                                                                                                                                ical processes in
                                                                                                                                      interstitial waters.

                     LSU-BK                 CS1                   Hsu, Shi.h-Ang                Coastal dynamical                     Beaches and Nearshere            ONR
                                                                                                meteorology, air-se-l-land            Features.    Air-sea-land
                                                                                                interaction, boundary                 intcraCLion (Trade Wind
                                                                                                layer meteorology.                    Island); atmosphuric
                                                                                                                                      boundary energy flux.

                     LSU-BR                 CSI                   McIntire, Wm. G.              Coastal morphology and                Beaches and Ncarsh;-rL           0.1:111
                                                                                                environments, aerosols,               Fe-atures.   Sea-air-land
                                                                                                coastal information                   interaction (Trade Wind
                                                                                                managerment.                          Island); aerosol distri-
                                                                                                                                      bution and characteristics
                                                                                                                                      (with T. Whelan).

                     LSU-BR                 CS1                   Murray, Stephen P.            Coastal hydrodynamics;                Beaches and Nearshore            0111*?,
                                                                                                wind, tide, density                   Features. Sea-air-land
                                                                                                currents; effect of coral             Interaction (Trade Wind
                                                                                                reefs on current fields.              'Island); variations in
                                                                                                                                      currents and water levels.


                                                                                                                                      Deltas, Rivers, and              ONR
                                                                                                                                      Estuaries. Water level
                                                                                                                                      dynamics in a bar-built
                                                                                                                                      estuary; high tide coast.
















                            Campus                    Department               Investigator                      Resear.ch Interests                       Project                              Agency

                            LSU-BR                    CS1                      Roberts, Harry H.                 Coastal ecology and                       leaches and Nearshorc                ONR
                                                                                                                 sedimentary [email protected],,               Features.
                                                                                                                 carbonate environments,                   water model   Beach ground
                            LSU-BR                                                                               sedimentation and diagencsis.
                                                      CS1                      Rouse, Lawrence J.                Remote sensing of coascal                 Remote Svnsing.        Harmonic      ONR
                                                                                                                 environments.                             behavior of an air-water
                                                                                                                                                           interface (with R. Becker).
                            LSU-BR                    CS1                      Sonu, Choule J.                   CoasLal hydrodynamics,                    Beaches ind learshore                O%R
                                                                                                                 coastal topographic                       Featlires. Study of
                                                                                                                 response; littoral currents               multiple variable inter-
                            LSU-BR                    CS1                                                        and sediments.                            action in a beach system.
                                                                               Suhayda; Joseph N.                Coastal hydrodynamLcs;                    Reaches and Nearshore
                                                                                                                 L"cractiOll Of waven and                  FeaLures.     Sea-AirZFind
                                                                                                                 winds, currents and sedi-                 inccracti0n; diSLribution
                            LSU-BR                    CS1                                                        ments.                                    of wave energy.
                                                                               Walker, Harley J.                 DelLaic coastal morphology,               Deltas, Rivers, and                  0:;.q
                                                                                                                 arctic ecolOGY, CO,1.qL-'11               E.Srunrics.    Watvr charac-
                                                                                                                 processes; arctic geo@;raphy.             teristics and mixing,
                            LSU-BR                                                                                                                      .  Colville River mouth.
                                                      CSI                      Whelan, Thomas III                Organic geochemistry; C0,1SLal            SUclic" :'nd Nearnhorc               ONR
                                                                                                                 chemical systems.                         Fen 1: 0 rc! q .Sea-air-land
                                                                                                                                                           inLCCZ)cLtan (Trade Wind
                                                                                                                                                           Island); aerosol distri-
                                                                                                                                                           biition and characteristics
                                                                                                                                                           (with 14. G. McIntire).


                                                                                                                                                           Deltas, Rtvcrs awl                   ON R
                                                                                                                                                           Fs I i in r I c r;
                                                                                                                                                           fit'lle!'hi Lit c0;1:1f;11 p(All
                                                                                                                                                           Redinic"tq; orgaitic
                                                                                                                                                           chemical sy.4tems.


















                                Campus                    Department               Investigator                    Research Interests                          Pro,-.:t                          Ajenc-:

                                LSU-BR                    CSI                      Wiseman, Wm.     J.             Coastal hydrodyna:-.--cs,                   Do  :s  River-     and
                                                                                                                   nearshcre and est.-r
                                                                                                                                              -:Ie             Es-,-; ir'cs. D-Atj
                                                                                                                   circulation, wat-@!-                        d-,       in hi6'il-;
                                                                                                                   characteristics dz.,:                       SLV-Lll*ied river muutlis
                                                                                                                   mixing.                                     (W: L.- %. D. WriO t,

                                LSU-B;l                   CS1                      Wright, Lynn 0.                 Coat;tal                                            Rlvet:-, an-!
                                                                                                                   nearshcre are estu.-riae                    E., L Lj.j r-':wc -Del 1. -1
                                                                                                                                                               7- -
                                                                                                                   circulation, wa--er m.;Ss                   uyn...:__; ir. highLy
                                                                                                                   characterit;,tiL!,, at..-'                  stijcizied rive-
                                                                                                                   riAinZ-                                     mo.)@'A. (with W. J.
                                                                                                                                                               W. @erwn)




                                                                                                                                                               V.1-ia-:1ity af be,&















                                                                   ONCOIAG RESEARCH PROJECT PAIMCIVATION (SEA C11"Lfr AND                LATED pRoil@C7rS)
                                                                                                                                       RE

                          Campus              Deparl mosit/Col lege        Invent fgator                  Research Inti.:rests                   Project                              Agency

                          LSU-BR                                           Allen, Robert S.               Lipid metabolism, shrimp               Systems   Ecology      Estuarfite    Sea Grant
                                                                                                          nutrition.                             productivity (Abz;ociate
                                                                                                                                                 Investigator).
                          LSU-BR              Fishe ries                   Avault, J. 14.                 Catfish and crawfish culture,          Seafood 'Industrics.                 Sea Crant
                                                                                                          shrimp, ilompano And other             Crawfisk culture.
                                                                                                          potential cuiturc species;
                                                                                                          Catfish breeding.

                          LSH-BI,             Zoology                      BCl111VLL, Harry J.            Shrimp migraLiun, life                 SVSLci::s Lcology.     ESLuarinc     Sca GrJ11L
                                                                                                          cycles of trvniatud@@N.                prudtictivity (A:;[email protected]
                                                                                                                                                 InvestigaLor).

                          LSU-BR              Rural                        Bertrand, Alvin L.             Social organization,                   Law and Socio-Econoilics.            Sea Grant
                                              Sociology                                                   natural rerotorces.                    Ituman factors in Wetland
        14                                                                                                recreation.                            Rasources Development
        00                                                                                                                                       (with 2 faculty Associates).
                          LSU-BR              Center for                   Day, John W.                   Estuarine ecology,      systems        Systems Ecology.       Estuarine     Sea Crant
                                              Wetland Resources                                           ecology, liquid wastes                 productivity (Associate
                                                                                                          management.                            Investigator).

                                                                                                                                                 Waste Effects. Enrichment            Sea Crant
                                                                                                                                                 of marsh habitats with
                                                                                                                                                 organic wastes (with W. C.
                                                                                                                                                 Smith).

                                                                                                                                                 Environmental Assess-,ent            LOOP, :nc.
                                                                                                                                                 Program. Onshore field
                          ILo                                                                                                                    studies (Associate Investi-
                             uisiana Offshore Oil Port, Inc.                                                                                     gator).

















                                                                                                                                                                             Arency
                     C.1111pus         Dcpartment/Colloge           Investigator                  Rcscarch Interests                     Project


                     I's U_ 11 It      Ceology                      Fvrrell, Rly E.               I:Iivl ronmentn] gcorhemIntry,         waqte Irrcct!;.     C420clicill-    Sca GrillL
                                                                                                  tvacc metals in nuasL.11               1.14try OC C.1dMiLlill ill it
                                                                                                                                         vonstat cre.14y.11t.vill.
                                       Center for                   Ford, ljicodorv It.           knrloe. :Ind I.actistrine              VA30rasinirriLal Asqvq!;wont        LOOV, Inc.
                                       Wetland Hesources                                          faittla, fisheries mallarcment         Provram.    Matl@lgcmellt I
                                                                                                  and development, coastal               coordination. and [inal
                                                                                                  ecology.                               report preparation.

                     LSU-BR            Center for                   Gagliano, Sherwood M.         Coastal form-process                   Coastal- Zone Planning and          Sea Crant
                                       Votiand Resources                                          relationships, coastal zone            Deve lopircil t. Environmental
                                                                                                  management, North American             analysis for coastal zone
                                                                                                  arclicology.                           planning.
                                                                                                                                         Effects for water manage-           EPA2
                                                                                                                                         ment in the Atchafalaya
                                                                                                                                         Basin, Louisiana.
                                                                                                                                                   t
           14                                                                                                                            Dcvelopme@t and refinement          LDDHTA3
                                                                                                                                         of the Louisiana superport
                                                                                                                                         environmental protection
                                                                                                                                         plan and design of field
                                                                                                                                         data acquisition programs
                                                                                                                                         (Associate Investigator).

                     LSU-3R            Center for                   Cosselink, James G.           Plant nutrition, marsh                 Systemn rcology.      Prinary       Sea Crant
                                       Wetland Resources                                          ecology, systems ecology-              productivity.
                                                                                                                                         Physiological response of           CE-WES 4
                                                                                                                                         marsh plants to environ-
                                                                                                                                         mental stress.


                                                                                                                                         Productivity of minur in;,',-h      CE-WES
                     2Environmental Piotection Agency                                                                                    graiin ftlfocLes.
                     3
                     Louisiana Deep Draft Harbor and Terminal Authority
                     4U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station




















              Campus
                                 Department/College           Investigator                 Research Interests                   Project                             Agency

                                                              Cosselink, James C.                                               lavironmental Assessment            LOOP, Inc.
                                                              (con't)                                                           Program. Terminal site
                                                                                                                                end pipeline corridor
                                                                                                                                environmental assessments.

              Nicholls           Biology                      Harris, Alva H.              Aquaculture, parasitology.           Seafood Industries.      Aqua-      Sea Grant
              State                                                                        estuarine ecology, co=.-Ier-         cultural and'resource               and
              University                                                                   cial fisheries.                      utilization studies in              LL&E5
                                                                                                                                pipeline canals.

              LSU-3R             Lx.4 Center                  Hershman, Marc 1.            Environmental law, natural           Law and Socio-Economics.            Sea Grant
                                                                                           resources law, coastal               Planning.and management
                                                                                           zone management.                     in Louisiana's coastal
                                                                                                                                zone.    .

              LSL-BR             Center for                   Ho, Clara L.                 Soil geochemistry,                   Systems Ecology.      Estuarine     Sea Grant
    00                           Wetland Resources                                         estuarine chentistry,                productivity (Associate
    0                                                                                      nutrient cycling and                 Investigator).
                                                                                           diSLribuLion.
                                                                                                                                Growth and physiology of            Sea Grant
                                                                                                                                marine organisms (Associate
                                                                                                                                Investigator).

                                                                                                                                Fnvfrnnmcnt;x1 %%se%@wont           LOOP, Inc.
                                                                                                                                Prnf-,ram. Onshore field
                                                                                                                                8 tisdics (Associate
                                                                                                                                InvC5ttF,;1t0r).

                                                                                                                                F.frerLs (or water ittanagc-        EVA
                                                                                                                                in thc Atchnf.wlaya
               Louisiana Land an(I Exploration Co.                                                                              Basin, Louislatia (Assv(jitc,
                                                                                                                                InvCStigaLar).











                      Campus           Departmant/Collece         Investigator                Research Interests                  Project                           Agency
                      L SU_UR          Center for                 Hood, Mary A.               Phy..i to Logical ecology and       Knvironmental Assessment          LOOP, Inc.
                                       WeLland Resources                                      biodegradaLive activities           Program.   Onshore field
                                                                                              of marine organisms, chitin         studies (Associate
                                                                                              recycling.                          Investigator).
                      LSU-BR           Economics                  Johnson, David B.           Externalities, law and              De velopment and refinement       LDDllTA
                                                                                              economies, international            of the Louisiana superport
                                                                                              finance theory.                     environmental protection
                                                                                                                                  plan and design of field
                                                                                                                                  data requisition programs
                                                                                                                                  (Associate Investigator).
                      LSU-B.0          Law Cencer                 Knight, H. Gary             Ocean resources law and             Law and Soclo-Fconomics.          Sea Grant
                                                                                              policy.                             Legal aspects of ocean
                                                                                                                                  resource exploitation.

                      LSU-BR           Center of                  Loesch, Harold C.           Biological oceanography,            Systems Ecology.    Migration     Sea Grant
      00                               Wetland Resources                                      estuarine fisheries,                and distribution of fishery
                                                                                              biodynamics.                        resources.
                      LSU-BR           Food Science               Meyers, Samuel P.           Food microbiology, physio-          Systems EcolnUL.    Grow  th      Sea Grant
                                                                                              logical ecology of marinc           and physiology of marine
                                                                                              molds, yeast, bacteria;             organisms.
                                                                                              biodegradation of oil
                                                                                              pollution.                          searnod Tticlustries.             Sea Grant
                                                                                                                                  Shrimp nutrition and
                                                                                                                                  invertebrate rations
                                                                                                                                  development.

                                                                                                                                  Environment3l Assessment          LOOP, Inc.
                                                                                                                                  Program. Onshore lield
                                                                                                                                  studies (Associate
                                                                                                                                  Inventigntor).

                      LSU-BR           Food Science               Novak, Arthur S.            Seafood processing    tech-         Seafnod Iii,funtrics.             Sea Grant
                                                                                              nology, quality control             Development of Gulf
                                                                                              pharmacology, consumer              fishery pundticts. (with six
                                                                                              protection.                         faculty Assuc!j.1ces).
















                            Campus               Department/College              Investigator
                                                                                                                   Research Interests                         Project                                 Agency


                            LSU-BR               Rural                           Paterson, Karen W.                Fertility, resource                        Law and Socio-Economics.                Sea Grant
                                                 Sociology                                                         development, regional                      Humen factors in wetland
                                                                                                                   human resources.                           resources development
                                                                                                                                                              (with A. Bertrand).

                            LSLI-BR              Agronomy                        Patrick, William 11.              Physical chemistry of                      Systems Ecolo .          Estuarine      Sea Grant
                                                                                                                   waterlogged soils, nutr4e-                                  F11
                                                                                                                                                     It       Productivity (Associate
                                                                                                                   recycling, fertility.                      Investigator).

                            LSU-BR               Chemical                        Pike, Ralph W.                    Fluid dyna@mics, transport                 Systems Ecology.         Modeling       Sea Grant
                                                 Engineering                                                       phenomena, biological and                  and simulation (with S.
                                                                                                                   ecological modeling.                       Wilkins).

                                                                                                                                                              Senfood Industries. By-                 Sea Grant
                                                                                                                                                              product development and                 and
                                                                                                                                                              PoLlution abatement in                  M%CL6
         00                                                                                                                                                   the menhaden industry
                                                                                                                                                              (with R. Ilao).

                                                 Center for                      Pope, Robert M.                   Nattiral re-source                         LAW Ind Socto-Fronomirs.                SC.'L Grntic
                                                 Wetland Rcsourceq
                                                                                                                                                              economics in LouLsLana's
                                                                                                                                                              conntal zone.


                                                                                                                                                              Devc)o1l"10"t and rcliliement           LDMITA
                                                                                                                                                              or Lit,-! Lo,11,1.ina supt,ritart
                                                                                                                                                              etivir,mmi-IlLaL protoct Lun
                                                                                                                                                              PLIt'                 Nve.Nti-
                                                                                                                                                              CaLur).

                            Nicholls             Biology                         Ragan, James G.                   Parasites of marine                        Seafood IndusLries.                     Sea Grant
                            State
                            University                                                                             invertebrates, marine                      Infection Of Lite h1ti.- cnil,
                                                                                                                   fisheries. ntarine ecolory.                with



                            6
                            Menhaden Advisory Council of Loulgiana


















                                                                                                                                            Project                             Agency
                         Campus             I)cpartment/(;ul lt-W        Investigator                 Research Interests


                                                                                                                             ansfer,        Uafood    Industr1ra.    BY-        Sea CranL
                         LSU-1)R            r"ud SA-lence                Rilu, Rimichandra M. R.      Cryogenics, heat tr.                                                      and
                                                                                                      radiation pre-ervattoo,               product   deveLolptho'IL '%'(I
                                                                                                      foods cilcmistry.                     pollution abatement In              MACL
                                                                                                                                            the menhaden industry
                                                                                                                                            (with R. Pike).

                         LSU-BR             Low Center                  Robb ins,  J. KLcilael        EnviroantenLUI laW, n."ine            Development and refincment          LDD11TA
                                                                                                      law.                                  of. tile F.ottisian' superport
                                                                                                                                            environmentzal protcction
                                                                                                                                            Platt.

                         LSU-1111           Cettrer for                         wilitam G.            marsit and mangrove swamp                                   Estuarine     Sea Grant
                                                                                                                                                           .6_
                                                                                                      ecology, CsUutrine sudi-              productivity (Associate
                                            ticcland Resources                                                                              lovestl gatur) -

                                                                                                                                            Waste Effects. Enrichment           Sea Grant
                                                                                                                                            of marsh habitats With
       00                                                                                                                                   organic wastes (wLth J.
                                                                                                                                            Day).


                                                                                                                                            Environmental Assessment            LOOP, Inc.
                                                                                                                                            Program.    Onshore field
                                                                                                                                            studies. -
                         LSU-BR             Microbiology                Srinivasan, V R.              Regulation of macro                   Sys.tcms Ecology.    Crot.,ch       Sea Grant
                                                                                                      molecular synthesis and,              and physiology of marine
                                                                                                      differentiation in bacteria,          organisms (Associate
                                                                                                      genecics of microorganisms,           Investigatcr).
                                                                                                      fermentation.

                         LSU-BR             Center for                  Stone, James E.               population and community              Coastal Zone Planning an6           Sea Grant:
                                            Wetland Resources                                         ecology, industrial effects           Development.    Superport
                                                                                                      in aquatic ecology, estuarine         feasibility studies.
                                                                                                      ecology, environmelital'
                                                                                                      assessment.
















                     Campus
                                        Dep art nk-11 L/Col IL-gk,  Investigator                  ReSC317ch Interests                    Project                              Agency


                                                                    SLUIl'!, Jamcu U.
                                                                    (con't)                                                              Development and refincincnt          LDD11TA
                                                                                                                                         of the Louisiana superpurc
                                                                                                                                         e'"vi"Onmental Protection
                                                                                                                                         plan and design of field data
                                                                                                                                         acquisition programs (Principal
                     LSU-BR             Fislieries                                                                                       Investigator).
                                                                    TU'ruSda14, Frank M.          Decapod crustacean                     SystemsEcology. Migration            Sea Grant
                                                                                                  ec0I09Y, commercially                  and di6Lrib@ttion of fisilery
                                                                                                  important penaeid shrinp.              resources.

                                                                                                                                         Envlron-@ental Asse   s,;%,!cn r     LOOP, Inc.
                                                                                                                                         Program. 0;sshorc field
                                                                                                                                         Studies (Associate InvesLi-
                     LSU-BR             Center for                                                                                       gator).
                                        Wetland Resources           van Ueek, Johannes L.         Coastal geomorpliology,                Coastal '70n'! Planning and          Sea Grant
                                                                                                  quantitative geomorph-                 Development.      Environmental
        00                                                                                        OIOYY, cu;'.%Lal, development.         analysis for coastal zone
                                                                                                                                         Planning (Associate Investi-
                                                                                                                                         gator).

                                                                                                                                         Pffects for water manigericnt        r? A
                                                                                                                                         in tile Atchafalaya Basin,
                                                                                                                                         Louisiana (Assocj@jtc Investi-
                                                                                                                                         gator).

                                                                                                                                         DCvCI0P111c1it and refinemetit of
                                                                                                                                         tile Louisiana supt-rport
                                                                                                                                         eavironmental procectiorl plan
                                                                                                                                         and di-stgn of fic:id data acquL-
                                                                                                                                         tittLoia prograws (A,;-S0L1,tte
                     LSU-BR             Cliemical                   Wilkins, Bert W.              Transport phenomena,                   Investigator).
                                        Enineering                                                                                       SystPMs VC-0-1-09Y.    Modeling      Sea Cranr
                                                                                                  applied mathematics.      bio-         and simulation (with R.
                                                                                                  engineering.                           Pike).











                                           APPENDIX B



                                THE LOUISIANA SEA GRANT PROGRAM





               Introduction


                   Louisiana's Institutional Sea Grant Program exists to channel

               university expertise into research, education and advisory activities

               involving conservation, management and development of Louisiana's

               marine and estuarine* resources. The program was initiated at LSU

               in 1968, with concentration on the intensive development of living or

               renewable resources in the state's extensive coastal wetlands and


               estuaries. Although the viability and effective development of these

               valuable resources remain a major concern, the program's scope has

               broadened in response to urgentproblems of more recent origin. These

               problems are associated with the need for comprehensive coastal zone

               management, and environmental stresses resulting from major economic

               development activities such as deep-draft "superports" and extensive

               flood control and hurricane protection systems.

                    Sea Grant activities in Louisiana are administered through LSU's

               Office of Sea Grant Development which was established in 1968. Subse-

               quently it became an organizational unit of the University's Center

               for Wetland Resources, created by the LSU Board of Supervisors in



               *The terms "coastal," "marine," "estuarine" and "wetland" are used
                omewhat interchangeably in the context of our program. They imply
               a focus on that geographic region--including offshore and inshore
               s


               areas influenced by marine forces--where most human activities are
               carried on kid where interactions with the natural environment are
               most pronounced.





                                                 85










               October 1970., The Center's organization and its relationship to other

               elements of the LSU System are illustrated in figures 1-1 and 1-2. This

               arrangement provides unified administration and direction for the

               Office of Sea Grant Development, Coastal Studies Institute, and Depart-

               ment of Marine Sciences--and thus establishes a focal point within the

               University for activities related to the study, management and develop-

               ment of marine and coastal areas and resources. Such an arrangement

               has permited (a) better direction and coordination of Sea Grant and

               Institute research activities, (b) efficient use of support facilities

               required by both programs, (c) utilization of strong regional and

               international research programs conducted by Sea Grant and the Insti-

               tute as a foundation for continued development of appropriate curricula,

               and (d) enhanced consciousness by University and state policy-makers

               of the needs, opportunities and responsibilities for University leader-

               ship in public affairs related to the state's coastal zone.

                    Dr. Jack R. Van Lopik serves as Director of both the Center and

               the Office of Sea Grant Development. He is responsible to Dr. James

               G. Traynham, Vice Chancellor for Advanced Studies and Research, and

               Dean of the Graduate School. Thus the Center and, in effect, the Sea

               Grant program, occupies an administrative position equivalent to that

               of the six colleges and other major academic divisions of the Univer-

               sity. Dr. Van Lopik has also been designated Advisor to the Chancellor

               for Marine Affairs.


                    In addition to the Director, the Sea Grant staff includes an

               Associate Director, who coordinates the Fisheries and Seafood Indus-




                                                 86











               tries program and has responsibility for liaison with living-resource

               interests in government and industry; an Assistant to the Director

               who serves as the program administrative officer and coordinates the

               Advisory Service Program; and a Coordinator for Education and Training.

               Other personnel include professionals and technicians assigned to

               project work; marine science faculty holding dual appointments with

               OSG; clerical and support personnel. A field logistics coordinator

               and technican staff maintain a modest field research facility at Grand

               Isle, Louisiana, and provide equipment maintenance, property control,

               logistic support, field transportation, and operational assistance to

               all LSU Sea Grant participants requiring these services. On a full-

               time-equivalent basis, Center personnel involved in Sea Grant activities

               total 14 professional staff persons and 14 non-professionals. During

               the current year the overall program has included approximately 75

               professional staff and 100 others, totalling almost 70 on a full-time

               equivalent basis. These personnel represent approximately 20 depart-

               ments in state universities.


                    The Office of Sea Grant Development administers all Sea Grant

               activities in Louisiana, and  coordinates the activities of other

               participating institutions.  Nicholls State University (Thibodaux) has

               been continually involved with Sea Grant since the program's inception.

               The University of Southwestern Louisiana (Lafayette) is receiving

               project support at present, and Northwestern State University

               (Natchitoches) has also been a program participant. Also, the Terre-

               bonne Parish School Board is receiving modest Sea Grant support for

               an innovative pilot project in nautical studies at its vocational-



                                                 87











                                                                                  LSU SYSTEM ORGANIZATION
                                                                        (With Supplementary Information on LSU-BR)


                                                                                  Board of Supervisors
                                                                                  Chrm.: Carlos G. Spaht

                                                                                  President
                                                                                  Dr. Martin D. Woodin

                                 Vice President for Administration and                                    Vice President for Instruction and Research
                                 Facility.Planning, Dr. A. C. Harper                                      Dr. Joseph M. Reynolds
                                 Vice President for Business Affairs,                                     Director of University Relations and Coordinator
                                 L. S. Cooper                                                             of Alumni Affairs, D. E. Bivins, III
                                 Vice President for Employee Relations,                                   Coordinator of Information Services and Comnuni-
                                 W. B. Calhoun                                                            cations Counsel, Joseph H. Mattox, Jr.


                                 SU at Alexandria              LSU in Shreveport                      LSU at Eunice           Center for Agricultural
                              [Dean: Dr.   M. N. Abrams   I  FDeSUn: D@'@. D. E. Shipp              [Dean: A. Mumphrely       Sciences and Rural Development
                                                                                                                             lChancellor: Dr. Norman

           00
           00
                              New Orleans   and Shreveport                  Chancellor: Dr. Cecil                           Chancellor: -Dr. Ho-m-e-r--H." Hit
                             Chancellor: Dr. Wm. H.                                                                                                          -1
                             LSU Medical Center in                          LSU in Baton Rouge                                      ity of New Orleans
                                                        Stewart                                       G. Taylor                                              t



                                                         Vice Chancellor for Advanced           Provost and Vice                  Vice Chancellor for
                         Vice Chancellor for             Studies and Research, and              Chancellor for                    Business Affairs and
                         Student Affairs                 Dean of the Graduate School,           Academic Affairs,                 Comptroller,
                         Dr. James Reddoch               Dr. James G. Traynham                  Dr. Paul W. MULL-ill              Mr.  Quinn M. Coco
                                                                                        -     --7- -

                          -   Dean of Men                   -    Schools of Music, Law,                Colleges of Arts and       -    Director of Accounting
                          -   Dean of Women                      Environmental Design,                    Sciences                       Services
                          -   LSU Union                          Veterinary Medicine              -    Engineering                -    Director of Purchasing
                              Campus Police                 -    Continuing Education             -    Business Administration    -    Director of Physical Plant
                              etc.                               Junior Division                  -    Agriculture                     Science Supply Store
                                                                 University College               -    Education                       Printing Office
                                                                                                       Chemistry and Physics           etc.


                          School of            Center for Wetland
                          Librarv              Resources,                         lear  Science             chool of
                          Science              Director! Dr. Jack                 ter                      Social *.:elfare
                                             I R. Van Lopik                                               F
                         Figure   1- 1.                                                                                                    Januarv 1974





                                                  ORGANIZATION - CENTER FOR WETIAND ]RESOURCES


                                                          Center for Wetland Resources


                                                          Director: Dr. Jack R. Van Lopik
                                                          Assoc. Dir.: Dr. Wm- G. McIntire
                                                          Asst. to the Dir.: R. E. Becker



                  Administrative &                                                                        Special Projects
                  Technical Services                                                                      9 Corps of Engineers
                                                                                                          e LOOP Program
                                                                                                          a Superport Studies


             Coastal Studies Institute                    Office of Sea Grant Development        Department of Marine Sciences

             Acting Dir.: Dr. James M.   Coleman          Director: Dr. Jack R. Van Lopik        Chrm: Dr. Jack R. Van Lopik
             Principal Investigator:                      Assoc. Dir.: Dr. T. B. Ford              ce Chrm.: Dr. James Gosselink
              Dr. W. G. McIntire



       00
       ko
             Projects in the Following Fields:            Sea Grant Projects in                  Standing Committees:
                                                       9  LSU-BR Departments:
             ï¿½ Coastal Information                                                               e Curriculum,
             ï¿½ Morphodynamics                             Law School                             * Student Affairs
             ï¿½ Sea-Air-Land Interactions                  Food Science                           * Budget
                 Water Mixing and Diffusion               Chemical Engineering
                 Coastal Currents                         Rural Sociology
                 Wave Dynamics                            Microbiology
                 Boundary Layer Meteorology               Marine Sciences
             ï¿½ Remote Sensing                             Biochemistry
                                                          Zoology
                                                          School of Forestry and
                                                           Wildlife Management
                                                          Agronomy
                                                          Cooperative Extension
                                                          Geology
                                                          Economics


                                                       e  Other Universities:

                                                          Nicholls State University
                                                          University of Southwestern Louisiana                 February 1974
            Figure 1-2.                                e  Public School Districts
                                                          Terrebonne ?ari @;'h- ';rhoo! Board












                technical high school.

                     Support for the Louisiana Sea Grant program has come from many

                quarters. In 1971, LSU received a $125,000 special legislative appro-

                priation for "Sea Grant and related activities." Subsequently this

                became a line item in the University's regular budget request covering

                operation of the Center for Wetland Resources. In 1973, the legis-

                lature appropriated $200,000 to the University for Sea Grant matching

                purposes. And in spite of last yearts deep cuts in federal Sea Grant

                funding, the program was able to maintain and even accelerate its

                planned missions with support from the Deep Draft Harbor and Terminal

                Authority (DDHTA) and the Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, Incorporated

                (LOOP). Apart from funding, the strongest testimonial to the program's

                value is found in the final recommendations of the Louisiana Advisory

                Commission on Coastal and Marine Resources (LACCMR), which asserted

                that responsibility for research in support of state coastal zone

                management efforts should be vested with the Louisiana Sea Grant

                Program.

                     The Louisiana Sea Grant Program has not had an active citizen

                advisory panel in the past, but has depended heavily on ad hoc sugges-

                tiOnS from contacts in state agencies and industry groups. However,

                upon recommendation of LACCMR and the 1973 NOAA site visit team, the

                University administration has recently invited the participation of

                25 distinguished state leaders in a group to be known as the Louisiana

                Sea Grant Advisory Council. The council membership list is  included

                as Table 1-1.






                                                  90













                                           Table I-1


                              Louisiana Sea Grant Advisory Council



             Mr. Vernon Behrhorst, Director, The Louisiana Coastal Commission,
                  Lafayette

             Mr. Lawrence K. Benson, Attorney at Law, Miling, Benson, Woodward,
                  Hillyer & Pierson, New Orleans

             Dr. Donald M. Bradburn, Pathologist & Director of Laboratories, Touro
                  Infirmary, New Orleans

             Mr. Victor Bussie, President, Louisiana AFL-CIO, Baton Rouge

             Mr. John P. Laborde, Chairman & President, Tidewater Marine Service,
                  Inc., New Orleans

             Mr. Frederic Chatry, Acting Chief, Planning Division, New Orleans
                  Dist., Corps of Engineers, New Orleans

             Mr. Murphy J. Foster, Member, LSU Board of Supervisors, Franklin

             Dr. Vernon F. Galliano, President, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux

             Mr. James D. Graugnard, President, Lousiana Farm Bureau Federation,
                  Inc., Baton Rouge

             Mr. Kevin P. Reilly, State Representative, 68th District, Baton Rouge

             Mr. C. W. McCoy, Chairman & President, Louisiana National Bank, Baton
                  Rouge

             Mr. Douglas L. Hanship, Publisher, Morning Advocate/State-Times, Baton
                  Rouge

             Mr. Samuel B. Nunez, Jr., State Senator, District 1, Chalmette

             Mr. Edward S. Reed, Executive Port Director & General Manager, Port of
                  New Orleans, New Orleans

             Mr. Edward J.. Steimel, Executive Director, Public Affairs Research
                  Council df Louisiana, Inc., Baton Rouge

             Mr. Charles E. Roemer, II, Commissioner of Administration & Executive
                  Assistant to the Governor, Baton Rouge

             Mr. Patrick W. Ryan, Executive Director, Office of State Planning,
                  Baton Rouge



                                                 91











                                           Table 1-1 (con't)



             Dr. Lyle S. St. Amant, Assistant Director, Louisiana Wild Life &
                  Fisheries Commission, New Orleans

             Mr. Edward W. Stagg, Executive Director, Council for a Better Louisiana,
                  Baton Rouge

             Mr. Jack T. Styron, President, Memhaden Advisory Council of Louisiana,
                  New Orleans



























































                                                92











                 Background

                      Louisiana's coastal zone includes more than 7 million acres of


                 shallow estuaries and coastal wetlands (ten times that of the entire

                 U.S. Atlantic coast); comprises more than 20 percent of the state's

                 area; contains half its inhabitants; produces much of the nation's

                 crude oil, natural gas, and sulfur; and sustains commercial fisheries

                 that produce about one-sixth of the nation's total landings. New

                 Orleans, the second-largest U.S. port, is but one manifestation of

                 the state's role in waterborne commerce and international trade. In


                 addition, there are deepwater ports at Baton Rouge and Lake Charles--
                 Baton Rouge ranks sixth or seventh in the U.S. Numerous private

                 terminals are found along all the major waterways. Bulk carriers

                 stream across the state along the Intracoastal waterway, and Louisiana

                 cargoes move to inland markets as remote as Pittsburg via the Missis-

                 sippi and its tributaries.

                      The very existence of the state's ecologically rich and productive

                 coastal wetlands is a legacy of the Mississippi River's cyclical

                 episodes of delta building and distributary channel abandonment.

                 Within this zone of dynamic change, human occupancy since prehistoric

                 times has been restricted to the skeletal system of narrow natural

                 levees flanking distributary streams and barrier beach ridges. The

                 intervening vast tracts of marshes, swamps, and lakes offered sus-

                 tenance and habitat for a rich and varied assortment of fish and


                 wildlife once regarded by many as inexhaustible. Natural changes

                 occurred throughout the system, but a delicate balance was maintained.

                 Ample nutrients and sediment to sustain the system's viability and




                                                   93











               growth were assured through seasonal overbank flooding or crevassing

               and spillage of Mississippi River waters into the interdistributary


               lowlands.


                    Encroaching civilization brought flood control, drainage, trans-

               portation networks, agriculture, waste disposal, exploitation of raw

               materials and a host of other activities to the coastal wetlands.


               Perhaps the inexorable process of marsh deterioration was given its

               first human impetus by construction of levees along the river's main

               distributary; these artificial levees now extend almost to the Gulf.

               During the last thirty years a more visible and equally destructive

               impact has resulted from the dredging of waterways, now aggregating

               thousands of miles in total length, through the marshes and shallow

               estuaries. Environmental damage notwithstanding, these canals form

               a vascular system for the coastal economy serving a variety of purposes

               related to navigation, flood control, and the extractive mineral

               industries.


                    Artificial levees and channel improvements along major distri-

               butary channels hastened seaward flow of dissolved nutrients and

               sediment that succored the wetlands in earlier times.   Dredging des-

               troyed thousands of acres of ecologically valuable marshland and upset

               natural drainage and tidal circulation regimes. Deep-water channels

               facilitated intrusion of salt waters from the Gulf with consequent

               changes in botanical distribution/composition, loss of prime oyster

               producing areas, and destruction of nursery habitat for fisheries.    Th e

               new channels also increased vulnerability of the marsh to wave attack,

               erosion, and hurricane surge. In some areas, runoff from rain falling




                                                  94











                 on the land--a natural regulator of salinity--was shunted too rapidly

                 to the Gulf; in others, spoil banks and levees created barriers that

                 favored stagnation. In the span of a few decades, human activities

                 stressed the natural wetland ecosystem in ways too numerous to list--

                 and with consequences yet to be measured.

                      On the other hand, these same human activities brought prosperity

                 to a historically impoverished region. For many, steady jobs in a

                 burgeoning oil industry were welcome replacements for the desolation

                 of a trap line or the vicissitudes of commercial fishing. Even those

                 who persisted in the traditional occupations were rewarded through the

                 increased demand for shrimp'and oysters created by "newcomers," and

                 benefited from easier access to favored fishing grounds and markets.

                 Many others found activities such as crabbing, shrimping, fishing, and

                 trapping profitable either as recreational pastimes or regular

                 occupations during off-duty periods. New fishery industries emerged

                 through technological developments in utilization of industrial fish,

                 e.g., menhaden.   The charter boat industry in Louisiana was born with

                 development of offshore drilling and production platform .

                      Today in Louisiana there is. the somber realization that the rela-

                 tive prosperity brought through exploitation of non-renewable resources

                 is on the wane. Severance taxes on oil and gas production have pro-

                 vided more than half the state government's operating revenues and

                 contributed commensurately to the general economy--but these revenue

                 sources reached a peak about four years ago and have begun to      decline.

                 New discoveries have not kept pace with production rates, and the

                 principal untested reserves are those offshore, beyond the state's




                                                     95












                 sovereign boundaries. Curtailment of natural gas supplies to the

                 statels industrial consumers threatens many energy-intensive indus-

                 tries and virtually precludes further industrial growth unless

                 alternative energy supplies can be found from sources     not yet conunitted

                 to interstate markets. Individuals closest to the commercial fisheries


                 find evidence that the labor-intensive shrimping industry has not

                 achieved significant increases'in landings for more than 20 years--

                 despite several-fold increases in fishing activity. The challenge to

                 find new sources of economic stimulation and state revenues is obvious


                 and a major concern of the Louisiana Sea Grant program.

                       Despite these danger signals, many believe that Louisiana still

                 possesses the natural endowments needed to maintain its future economic

                 health. Their projections depend heavily on energy from alternative

                 sources--foreign crude oil imported through a strategically located

                 Louisiana superport, atomic power stations along the Mississippi River, and

                 geothermal energy from vast, untapped heat reservoirs. However great

                 their potentials for economic stimulation, each of these has the potential

                 for enormous damage to living systems, should laissez faire development


                 occur.


                       The current explosion of public awareness of the environment has

                 already proven timely insofar as mobilization of opinion in favor of

                 resource conservation is concerned. Although Louisiana's opinion

                 leaders have traditionally maintained a prosaic concern for economic

                -developments vs. cultural and environmental amenities, there is now

                 widespread unanimity concerning the need to realize and sustain the full

                 potential of the state's renewable resources and other natural assets--



                                                     96











                 if for no other reason than as a replacement for declining oil revenues.

                 Statewide, the pace of activities related to coastal and marine utili-

                 zation has accelerated markedly since LSU's initial Sea Grant proposal

                 was funded six years ago. Much in prominence during the past two

                 years were the efforts of LACCMR to address state needs and problem

                 attending long range conservation and use of these assets. The Deep

                 Draft Harbor and Terminal Authority (DDHTA) came into existence, with

                 a charge to maintain and preserve the viability of estuarine systems

                 paramount in its charter. The pool of experienced personnel and organ-

                 izational skills developed through Sea Grant-funded interdisciplinary

                 programs in the estuarine zone have been responsive to these and many

                 other needs.


                      In February 1971--none too soon, in view of the manifold problems

                 confronting the State--the LSU Board of Supervisors adopted a "Wetlands

                 Charter" which affirmed as a prime objective of the University the

                 pursuit of further recognition as a center for study and development of

                 wetland resources--both natural and cultural. Implicit in this commit-

                 men t was (a) recognition of the University's responsibility to the

                 people of this state and nation to focus its energies and talents on

                 those unique resources that set it apart from most other regions and

                 (b),achievement of Sea Grant College status. In respect to its coastal

                 and floodplain wetlands, Louisiana has practical advantages and assets

                 not equaled by any other region in the world. However badly this

                 national trust may have been abused in the past, our existing wetland

                 habitats must be preserved and maintained at a high level of pro-

                 ductivity. This must be accomplished in full recognition of the need


                                                   97











                for rational exploitation of non-renewable resources and adequate flood

                control, navigation, and water management programs. Optimization of

                the wetlands'economic potential must be achieved through an effective

                blend of conservation and exploitation.

                     .Motivations for LSU's Sea Grant program thus stem from a variety

                of sources:


                ï¿½ The State's unique endowment of marine and estuarine resources

                ï¿½ Past and future economic dependence on these resources, and the
                   cha*llenge to find new sources of economic stimulation

                ï¿½  Growing national concern for preservation of natural biological

                   systems an d qualities that give the region its uniqueness

                ï¿½  The urgent national concern for full conservation and development

                   of energy resources

                ï¿½  The Universityls commitment to achieve a position of national and

                   interna tional eminence as a center for the.study and development

                   of wetland resources.



                Institution al Goals


                     In view of the State's geographic attributes and strong marine

                economic orientation, LSU's broad program objectives can be no less than

                those that must be met to achieve Sea Grant College status. These

                include:


                o A strong academic faculty committed to the Sea Grant concept: a

                   core group of coastal subject matter specialists, and broadly-based

                   participation of individuals with backgrounds in many traditional

                   disciplines, highly motivated to apply their knowledge in a



                                                   ï¿½8











                    coordinated manner toward development of natural and human resources


                    of the coastal zone.


                 e  Public awareness and support of comprehensive programs, conceived

                    with optimal development strategies, for the coastal and marine


                    resources


                 0  Institutional relationships involving the university, government, and

                    private industry that respect common goals for management and use of


                    common-property resources

                 9  Qualified manpower for the diversity of occupations needed to imple-

                    ment new systems of public and private activity in the coastal zone

                 0  Knowledge, systematically organized: to guide decisions concerning

                    allocation of resources, and to utilize these resources efficiently

                    in ways that achieve short-range objectives without sacrificing

                    long-range options

                 o  A delivery system that can make needed knowledge available when and

                    where it counts, without the necessity of creating a ponderous new

                    bureaucracy.

                      It is apparent that these objectives are general, and that they

                 paraphrase the goals expressed by others or stated in the Sea Grant

                 College and Program Act. They obviously cannot be achieved in a year--

                 perhaps not in a decade. But the size, productivity, and uniqueness

                 of Louisiana's coastal zone, and the economic dependence of her citizens

                 upon this region, make concerted action all the more compelling.



                 Research Goals


                      Five research programs have been developed to (a) identify projects

                 of a related nature; (b) encourage interdisciplinary communication among


                                                     99











                 investigators with similar interests but diverse viewpoints;(c) more

                 effectively manage and motivate individuals and (d) permit more efficient

                 determination of priorities and allocation of resources among generally

                 similar activities. In general, each component project should contri-

                 bute needed information to one of the following:

                 e Basic understanding or comprehension of a specific problem

                 a Ability to predict processes or phenomena, or to assess the effects

                   of human activity

                 * Solution of operational problems posed by a specific governmental or

                   private organization.



                   Systems Ecology Program

                     The systems ecology program derives its name from efforts to quan-

                 tify and analyze estuarine ecological processes by means of techniques

                 formally described as systems analysis.  The goals of this effort are

                 (a) a quantitative description of an equilibrium-state coastal marsh and

                 estuarine system; (b) a capability to predict the natural and economic

                 responses to economic external forcing functions acting on the system;

                 (c) economically valid estimates of the subsidies which society receives

                 from coastal marshes through "free work of nature" in waste discharge

                 treatment and other natural functions.



                  Waste Effects Program

                     The goals of the waste effects program are (a) to demonstrate
                 means by which seafood processing plant, municipal and other nutrient-_
                 charged effluents can be utilized productively by estuarine living

                 system , and (b) to assess the nature and extent of various toxic agents



                                                  100











               and hazards to human health which may be concentrated in estuarine

               organisms via the estuarine food web.


                Fisheries and Seafood Technology Program

                   The fishing and seafood processing industries are important sources

               of revenue in Louisiana, ranking below only agriculture and the oil and

               gas industry. Logically, a primary objective is improvement of economic

               returns to the state's fishermen and processing industries. Related

               goals are:

               @ Economic utilization of under-utilized species, especially those

                  taken by shrimp trawling

               v  Byproduct utilization of fish processing wastes

               e  Mariculture of selected species

               e  Increased yield from marsh canals and impoundments

               9  Expanded markets for Louisiana fish products

               v  New product development and quality maintenance

               0  Consumer health and safety

               *  Knowledge of marine species biology and pathology



                  Coastal Zone Planningand Development Program

                   The overall goal of this program is to provide planners, developers,

               and policy-makers with information needed to achieve future urban and

               economic development in the coastal zone with minimal detriment to the

               environment. Subsidiary goals include:

               * Inventory of land use and natural systems

               * Identification of changes in natural systems resulting from diverse

                  land usage and related activities, e.g., flood control



                                                 101










               9 Understanding of geographic/geologic factors that influence natural

                  productivity

               e  Innovations in transportation systems, urban development, and other

                  works associated with human activity

               @  Understanding of natural, social, and political factors that influence

                  urban and industrial land use


               e  Solution of geotechnical, environmental, and hydrodynamic problems

                  related to development of energy sources.


                  Law and Socio-Economics Program

                    A fundamental precept of the Sea Grant program recognizes that

               changes in social institutions must go hand in hand with technological

               innovations if the latter are to be successfully utilized. Goals to

               meet this need include the following:

               ï¿½ Innovations in public administration of wetland and coastal resources

                  to account for the unique attributes and salient differences between

                  these and inland resources


               e  Development of legal and regulatory codes that enable innovations in

                  public and private use of coastal waters and water bottoms in coastal

                  areas and the high seas without sacrificing options available to

                  future generations

               ï¿½  Understanding of motivational characteristics and attitudes of

                  Louisiana coastal residents

               ï¿½  Assessment of'reg?'Onal economic consequences of proposed resource

                  allocation strategies

               ï¿½  Contributions to applications of economic theory relating to common

                  property resources in the coastalzone




                                                  102











                 9 Adequate opportunities for outdoor recreation to fulfill the n     eeds

                    of coastal residents and visitors.



                    Education and Training Program

                      A university has a primary commitment to teaching, and programs

                 which do not have direct relevance to the educational process will

                 probably not endure long in the university community. Thus far, research

                 projects sponsored by Sea Grant have succeeded, from the Institution's

                 point of view, because they have opened new areas of knowledge and pro-

                 fessional stimulation  to students and teachers alike. A continuing

                 goal must be to provide this kind of challenge and opportunity in ways

                 that also respond to real needs of a larger segment of society. From a

                 more formal viewpoint, program goals are:

                 * Strong curricula in Marine Sciences and related departments

                 #  Academic training of career professionals for study, management, and

                    development of coastal and marine resources, at a rate consistent

                    with growth of employment opportunities

                 e  Adult education programs designed to communicate new knowledge and

                    stimulate awareness concerning marine resources and affairs

                 9  Extension courses for science and engineering pro  fessionals who desire

                    addit ional specialized trai ning in marine-related subjects

                 a  Vocational training for marine positions in the offshore oil and.

                    towing industries

                 e  Adequate marine science content in secondary school curricula as a

                    grassroots approach to building public awareness and support for


                    marine affairs





                                                     103











                    Advisory Service Program

                      Advisory services are delivered formally thrOLIgh projects expressly

                 funded for this purpose, and informally through virtually every research

                 and education project sponsored by Sea Grant. objectives include the

                 following:

                 * Production of publications  and other information products, adapted to

                    serve the various needs of a large, diverse user community

                 @  Consultation and technical assistance on specialized problems of

                    government and industry, particularly those which relate to public

                    welfare, health and safety.

                 *  An active media service and public relations program to stimulate'

                    citizen awareness of marine resources and related opportunities,

                    activities, policies, and needs

                 * Extension services  for appropriate groups and individuals.



                 Approach

                       The Office of Sea Grant Development administers the program in

                 part directly through elements of the Center for Wetland Resources, and

                 the remainder through departments at LSU-BR and other participating

                 institutions. Administrative, informational and support activities

                 are vested in the Center.   Various individuals have been designated

                 as program coordinators, and are expected to assist in program management

                 functions including project planning, overview, and administration

                 related to their program areas; and to coordinate liaison and advisory

                 services with other agencies. They may also have project assignments

                 or other responsibilities. Most of these program coordinators  are




                                                   104











                 members of the Center faculty. Expcrience has clearly demonstrated

                 the motivational advantages of a coordinator who is administratively

                 attached to the Sea Grant program organization and can devote a sub-

                 stantial amount of time to functioning as a leader and spokesman for

                 Sea Grant. The magnitude of the task, especially considering the

                 growing workload of planning and proposal effort, special reports to

                 the Washington office, and off-campus contacts, is simply greater than

                 the typical member of an academic teaching department can handle and

                 still do research or meet department-established performance criteria.

                       In the early years of the LSU effort, program composition depended

                 mainly on expressions of interest by available university faculty.

                 Evolution toward more structured programs has resulted in a better

                 basis for allocation of resources and continuity of effort, as well

                 as identification of deficiencies that could be met by seeking out

                 needed skills on-campus, in-state or through new hiring. There are

                 still many gaps in our programs, as indicated by goals without corres-

                 ponding project effort. But goals are regarded as a blueprint for

                 progress rather than an inventory of current work.

                       Efforts to make Sea Grant activities responsive to state needs

                 have fostered involvement with many st ale agencies and private indus-

                 tries in the planning, coordination, and guidance of program develop-

                 ment. Because of limited resources, our policy has been to work

                 primarily with groups representing segments of an industry rather than

                 single'companies or individuals. An exception to this policy is the

                 food processing industry where problems often arise within a single

                 plant or pr oduct and a high level of security is deemed essential by



                                                    105












                                              Table 1-2


                Principal Participating State Agencies and Industrial Organizations




                Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission


                Register of State Lands

                State Planning Office

                Lousiana Advisory Commission on Coastal and Marine Resources

                Lousiana Deep Draft Harbor and Terminal Authority


                Louisiana Coastal Commission


                Department of Public Education


                Board of Commissioners of the Port of New Orleans


                Joint Legislative Committee on Environmental Quality

                Menhaden Advisory Council of Lo uisiana

                Louisiana Shrimp Association

                Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission


                Louisiana Land and Exploration Company

                American Shrimp Canners Association

                Internatiorial Shrimp Breaders and Processors Association

                National Fisheries Institute


                Louisiana Oyster Dealers and Growers Association

                International Shrimp Council

                Shellfish Institute of North America


                Department of Justice (Office of Attorney General)

                Governor's Council on Environmental Quality

                Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, Inc.

                National Turtle Farmers and Shippers Association

                Louisiana Crawfish Farmers Association



                                                   106











               the operator. The principal contacts are indicated in Table 1-2. Work

               with these and other groups often involves provision of reciprocal

               support and services, as well as information sharing.

                     In several instances university teams, organized in part through

               Sea Grant efforts, have performed special studies on a cost-reimbursable

               basis. We emphasize that it is not Sea Grant's function to perform

               contractual services that satisfy needs of a routine or recurring nature.

               However, these opportunities to participate in new and innovative devel-

               opments have strengthened the Sea Grant image in the state and have

               provided situations to test concepts that were developed in the Sea

               Grant program, in this respect they represent a valuable endorsement

               and testimonial to the practical values of the program. On the other

               hand, it must also be noted that such services are not accomplished

               without some adverse side effects. Non-sustaining (short-term) con-

               tractual commitments inevitably create management problems in the univer-

               sity by overloading faculty, administrative personnel, and logistic

               capabilities; disrupting teaching schedules, and deferring effort on

               scholarly publications and other measures of academic performance. They

               necessitate recruitment of additional qualified personnel for short-term

               assignments, and dilute effort on longer-term commitments. Unfortunately,

               compensation policies of the University do not adequately take such

               circumstances into account, so employee morale problems arise as well.

                     Sea Grant's approach to development of marine education and

               teaching opportunities is fully consistent with IACCMR's recommendations.

               These are best summarized in the following clips excerpted as a.review

               of the commission-'s final report, Louisiana Wetlands Prospectus:



                                                  107








                                            Excerpted from
                                            Wetlands.                         PROMISE or PERIL?
                                                          (Center for Wetland Resources
                                                           publication of              February,1974)
                                              Focusing on education to counter-                 Coordinating Council on Higher Edu-
                                            act the slow and inadequate develop-                cation, or its successor body, should
                                            ment of wetlands research, the Com-                 carefully monitor current and proposed
                                            mission believes that a good starting               programs to assure excellence and
                                            point toward an informed citizenry is               avoid needless duplication of effort.
                                            at the second a ry -school level. Their             The Commission believes that special
                                            immediate suggestion is the inclusion               attention should be given the mix of
                                            of marine and coastal resource mate-                university instruction available in ma-
                                            rial as part of a formal course in the              rine biology, physical oceanography,
                                            eighth-grade science curriculum in                  and marine socio-economic and legal
                                            Louisiana public schools. They feel                 fields. Although existing biological
                                            that federal funds should also be                   programs require additional facilities
                                            sought to conduct marine-science in-                and equipment, primary emphasis, ac-
                                            stitutes for high-school teachers.                  cording to the Commission, should be
                                              The people of Louisiana will never                given to strengthening of nonbiolog-
                                            fully benefit from their wetlands bo-               ical academic courses and programs--
                                            nanza until adequately trained local                with the exception of svstems ecologY
                                            manpower is available to tap its nat-               and population dynamics fields, where
                                            ural resources and develop their great              additional program development is
                                            potential for the future. Among the                 needed.
                                            most serious cleficiences is a shortage               A high-priority necessity for ade-
                                            of locally trained, marine-oriented                 quate wetlands development involves
                                            technical workers, such as boat pilots,             adequate facilities. Unlike other Gulf
                                            able-bodied seamen, and diesel tech-                Coast states, Louisiana has no marine-
                                            nicians. Off-shore construction firms               science research and teaching facility,
                                            need more than 5,000 welders today,                 which is especially unfortunate since
                                            and that figure could double by 1980.               coastal resources are economically
                                            A disheartening consequence of this                 More i1npVrtd1kt to LVUibidna than to
                                            local manpower shortage is that the                 any other Gulf Coast state. The Lou-
                                            highest-paying jobs are often filled by             isiana Wild Life and Fisheries Com-
                                            out-of-state people. An analysis by                 mission conducts biological and eco-
                                            the Appropriate state agency of the                 logical studies in the marshlands of its
                                            present marine technician labor force,              refuge system and its Marine Labo-
                                            says the Commission could easily                    ratory on Grand Terre; but that labo-
                                            justify expansion of marine techni-                 ratory is not equipped to routinely
                                            cian training programs. Today there                 handle students or university re-
                                            are only two vocational training pro-               searchers. Most of the LSU Sea Grant
                                            grams in the state aimed at produc-                 field activities in the Barataria Bay area
                                            ing marine technicians South Terre-                 utilize a leased camp as a base of re-
                                            bonne High School in Bourg and the                  search operations, but there are no
                                            Young Memorial Vocational-Techni-                   classroom or laboratory facilities for
                                            cat School in Morgan City, whose                    formal, or even informal, instruction.
                                            programs could well serve as models                 USL maintains a similar facility at
                                            for activities in other places. The                 Fearman Lake, and NSU recently built
                                            Committee      emphasizes,       however,           a teaching research laboratory at
                                            that priority would be better as-                   Port Fourchon, but it is only partially
                                            signed to providing adequate sup-                   equipped and can handle only a lim-
                                            port for existing programs than to                  ited number of students.
                                            the creation of new ones.                             Because of these conditions, the
                                              A further Commission recommen-                    Commission favors immediate con-
                                            dation would establish an Offshore                  struction of a marine-science teach-
                                            Marine Academy as a cooperative uni-                ing and research laboratory that
                                            versity-technical school endeavor to                would be available to all state uni-
                                            develop two- or four-year training in               versity faculties and students, and
                                            generalized capacities such as manage-              that would be accessible by auto-
                                            ment, supervision, ocean engineering,               mobile and boat, with sleeping and
                                            and seamanship.                                     cafeteria equipment to accommodate
                                              Moving to the university level, the               a minimum of 60 persons. Should
                                            Commission is emphatically opposed                  establishment of such a laboratory
                                            to the creation of new marine-science               prove impractical, the Commission
                                            degree programs until the job market                suggests tha@t, as an alternative, all
                                            is well-defined and existing programs               major marine-science research and
                                            are funded adequately. They stress                  teaching facilities of state universities
                                            quality over quantity in university                 be located at a single site within the
                                            programs, and feel that the Louisiana               coastal zone.

                                                                                       108










                     Sea Grant intends to contribute to this far-reiching program of

               human resource development primariLy through staff-level assistance in

               coordination of implementing efforts, and mobilization of state

               facilities such as those of the LSIJ Division of Continuing Education

               and the Louisiana educational television consortium.


                     Our approach to advisory services has sought to innovate in areas

               where precedents were lacking, and to respect existing relationships

               where they were relevant. At their present stage of development, it

               appears that the various advisory elements are moving closer towards

               a truly cooperative effort.

                     The traditional service agency of LSU has been the Cooperative

               Extension Service. With strong ties to the agricultural experiment

               station, and possessing a well-established bureaucracy with its own

               identity, the extension service did not seem to be a very promising

               vehicle for proselytizing on behalf of the Sea Grant program--while that

               program was still in its infancy--nor did it seem that the early budgets

               could support such an effort. For that matter, audience characteristics

               in Louisiana's marine fisheries were veritable unknowns in terms of ex-


               tension efforts. Consequently, Sea Grant support of extension agent

               services has been held to a very low level, pending adequate

               development of research areas. Alternatively, primary emphasis has

               been accorded to service activities characterized by direct liaison

               between Sea Grant faculty specialists and their professional counterparts

               in state agencies and trade organizations. A precedent for such a

               delivery system existed in the Department of Food Science, which has

               established a strong tradition of advisory service in seafood technology,

               independent of other campus service organizations.




                                                  109











                    The arrangements thus developed have worked well, but they have

              been characterized more by problem-solving than by informal education

              at the local level--which is the acknowledged forte of extension work

              In the meantime, the Cooperative Extension Service has done some home-

              work among the marine commercial fishermen, and Sea Grant research

              elements have matured to the extent necessary to support marine extension

              services more aggressively. We believe that the time is ripe for further

              expansion of extension agent services as soon as adequate funding becomes

              available.



              Institutional Sea Grant Accomplishments

                  . Continuing progress of an institutional nature is manifest in our

              growing involvement with state agencies, legislative groups, public

              commissionsand industrial and citizen groups. Progress is also evident

              in the slow but steady administrative and governmental recognition of

              Sea Grant budgetary and facility needs by LSU and the state legislature.

              Additional effort is needed to strengthen the Department of Marine

              Sciences and make Sea Grant concepts more pervasive within the universities


              of the state.


                    Research efforts begun during the first years of LSU's Sea Grant

              participation are maturing, and the results achieved are showing up in

              a variety of ways--including formal course offerings based on products

              of research, scholarly publications, industrial processes and products,

              and inputs to state planning activities. One senior investigator has

              withdrawn from university sponsored research activities to start a private

              consulting firm, selling skills which he developed and refined to a high



                                                  110










                  degree through his involvement in Sea Grant and related projects.

                         Public information efforts bave had a favorable reception--

                  apparent in'the many requests for "Aquanotes," "Louisiana Coastal Law,"

                  and the "Marine Sciences Teaching Aid" series, and re-use of materials

                  from these sources in other news and information media. Output of

                  printed material from Sea Grant researchers has continued to increase

                  during the past year, as many activities matured.

                         The individual programs and projects summarized in the following

                  pages  and described further in volume 2 reflect a concerted effort to

                  guide  the entire program from an initial applied research orientation

                  to the application of research and broader aspects of public service.

                  We believe that these activities are fully responsive to state needs.

                         Overall progress is the sum of many individual accomplishments,

                  too numerous to list in their entirety. Some program highlights from

                  September 1972 to the present are noted in the following paragraphs

                  excerpted from Axive-Year Sea Grant Management Summary, an unpublished

                  internal'CWR document.


                              The 1972-73 fiscal year was one of significant growth
                         and maturity for LSU's Sea Grant program. Federal funding
                         reached a high point and expansion took place especially
                         in the advisory service programs. Dr. Ford was appointed
                         to the National Marine Fisheries Service advisory panel.
                         Professor Gosselink transferred from the Botany Department
                         to serve as Vice-Chairman of the Department of Marine
                         Sciences. Dr. Robert Pope was recruited to serve as a
                         staff economist for multi-disciplinary projects sponsored
                         by the Center and to provide liaison with other economics
                         interests on campus.    A new project was implemented through
                         Rural Sociology to provide information and guidance relative
                         to acceptance of Coastal Zone Planning and Management pro-
                         grams by coastal residents. CWR was funded by DDHTA to
                         prepare a draft Environmental Protection Plan as required
                         by the legislative act which created the authority.        This
                         year saw completion of LACCMR's assigned mission and sub-
                         mission of its recommendations to the Governor. Negotiations











                      began early in 1973 with the Offshore Operators Committee
                      and later Louisiana Offshore Oil Port, Inc. which in May
                      led to start-up of a 14-month environmental assessment pro-
                      gram in offshore waters between Port Fourchon and Southwest
                      Pass, and onshore along the proposed tank farm site and
                      pipeline alignment. Systems Ecology investigations were
                      curtailed in the type salt marsh area near Caminada Bay and
                      the biological team was redeployed on LOOP project activities
                      which provided an opportunity to extend similar studies to
                      brackish and fresh water environments. In May 1973, the
                      legislature again recognized the accomplishments and potential
                      value of the Louisiana Sea Grant program through appropriation
                      of $200k for Sea Grant and related activities. Of this
                      amount, $28k was transferred to Nicholls State University to
                      provide needed equipment for its Port Fourchon marine
                      laboratory. However, legislative endorsement was not
                      unanimous--some opposing legislators took notice of view-
                      points expressed by certain CWR faculty and students at an
                      earlier public hearing on a sensitive environmental issue.
                      Professor Gosselink was named Principal Investigator for
                      2 contracts with the Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment
                      Station. Dr. Gagliano secured contract funding from EPA for
                      environmental studies in the Atchafalaya Basin region. Pro-
                      fessor Gary Knight completed a summer consulting assignment
                      for NMFS on legal obstacles to interstate agreements governing
                      Gulf Coast fisheries. The heavy contract workload necessi-
                      tated deferral of certain Sea Grant program commitments, but
                      the National Office of Sea Grant rose to the occasion by
                      permitting uncommitted funds to be carried forward to the
                      next fiscal year in order to soften the impact of across-the-
                      board budget cuts in FY 74.

                           Although the 1973-74 fiscal year is not yet half over,
                      we can report on several milestone accomplishments and
                      other important events.  The LACCMR completed its deliber-
                      ations and incorporated its recommendations in a "Louisiana
                      Wetlands Prospectus." This report is currently being made
                      available for public distribution through Sea Grant legal
                      advisory channels as a means of stimulating maximal citizen
                      inputs to anticipatbd legislative deliberations on coastal
                      zone management. Key recommendations of the commission
                      were reviewed in a public workshop/symposium on February
                      13-14, sponsored by the Louisiana Sea Grant program in
                      cooperation with other key agencies, and attended by more
                      than 300 public officials and community leaders.

                           Cooperative projects with LWLFC have been a continuing
                      Sea Grant objective since the program's inception.    Heartening
                      progress toward this goal is evident in several areas--
                      informal assistance rendered by Prof. James Stone in data




                                                  112











                      processing and biostatistical treatment of LWLFC field data;
                      cooperative efforts by Dr. Clara Ho, CWR, and Mr. Barney
                      Barrett, LWLFC, on a study of estuarine nutrient enrichment
                      from Mississippi River waters. Center personnel, including
                      Drs. Ford, Ho and Stone, have met with LWLFC representatives
                      to develop cooperative proposals for 74-75 Sea Grant funding
                      that will formalize and enlarge the scope of these arrange-
                      ments. Professor Gagliano withdrew from the Center's
                      research program, effective 21 January 1,974, :in order to
                      devote full time to private business interests.    His departure
                      coincided with the nominal completion date of the Center's
                      contract with the Environmental Protection Agency, "Impact
                      of Water Management practices in the Atchafalaya Basin."
                      Center work on "Design of an Environmental Protection Plan
                      and Environmental Monitoring System" for the DDHTA was com-
                      pleted in December, although some ancillary research activities
                      are being continued by Dr. Stone with remaining funds. The
                      Director, with officials of the State Planning Office, Wild
                      Life and Fisheries Commission and the Louisiana Coastal
                      Commission, has coordinated proposal activities for a state
                      Coastal Zone Management planning grant, and has assumed
                      administrative responsibility for preparation of proposal
                      documents by the Sea Grant Legal staff. Liaison with the
                      State Planning Office has been initiated to explore ways
                      that information produced by Center studies can. be integrated
                      into state and regional planning systems. CWR sponsored
                      public distribution of a position paper on Marine Science
                      Education abstracted from LACCMR recommendations. Initial
                      Sea Grant support was awarded to the Terrebonne Public
                      School Board for development of training materials needed
                      in its vocational high school nautical science program. A
                      sub-program was organized within the Fisheries and Seafood
                      Industries Program area to provide additional visibility,
                      encourage statewide'coordination and stimulate needed
                      research for the Louisiana crawfish industry.     Initial
                      Sea Grant funds,supported crawfish marketing studies at
                      USL. A new Sea Grant-sponsored CWR project was begun on
                      chemical characteristics of marsh areas subjected to
                      chronic hydrocarbon spillage. A statewide survey was
                      initiated to inventory all university research talent
                      available for future projects related to administration
                      of a state coastal zone management program. Apparent
                      progress was made toward solving the CWR's acute space
                      problem, with allocation of additional floor space in
                      the Military Science Building--but lack of funds for air
                      conditioning has prevented its full utilization. Addi-
                      tional shop space was obtained through construction of a
                      garage-type metal building. Louisiana's first marine
                      extension agent was fielded in an area covering Terre-
                      bonne, Lafourcheand St. Mary parishes. Professor




                                                   113











                    Knight continued to assist a state legislative committee. Ln
                    its efforts to revise the state's shrimp law. A Sea Grant-
                    funded study on "recreational uses of private lands" was
                    initiated through the Rural Sociology department with Dr.
                    Michael Grimes as Principal Investigator.   Other Sea Grant
                    participation includes the Second World Crayfish Symposium
                    being held on-campus April 7-11, with Dr. James Avault
                    as Chairman, and the Regional Symposium on Diseases of
                    Aquatic Animals, April 16-17, co-chairmen Dr. Robert
                    Amborski and Dr. Mary Hood.

                    Although the various contracts cited in the above were administered

               by the CWR, they involved participation of many investigators from other

               departments. For the most part, these were individuals with whom we had

               previously established rapport, through Sea Grant-funded work. The abiliLy

               to mobilize such working arrangements with ease should be recognized as

               one of the most valuable benefits gained from the Sea Grant experience,

               and one that is facilitated by CWR's unique organizational structure.




























                                                    114



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