Special areas in the Alaska coastal zone abstracts of proposals

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

Special Areas

in the
Alaska Coastal Zone:

Abstracts of Proposals

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,

______r% 1980

State of Alaska
Office of
:.~ .JCoastal Management
YVIA.

The preparation of Special Areas in the Alaska Coastal Zone: Abstracts of
-J Proposals was financed in part by a coastal management program development
grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under the
provisions of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 as amended (Public
Law 92-583).

~~ JJL~~\~~ ~ JAY S. HAMMOND, Governor

POUCH AP
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR / JUNEAU, ALASKA 99811
DIVISION OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING (907) 465-3541 OR 455-3574

September 19, 1980

Readers of the ACMP "Special Areas Book":

After many months of delay, I am pleased to send you a copy of Special
Areas in the Alaska Coastal Zone: Abstracts of Proposals. The "Special
Areas Book" summarizes 395 proposals received by the Office of Coastal
Management regarding possible nominations of Areas Meriting Special
Attention under the Alaska Coastal Management Program.

The Office of Coastal Management would very much appreciate receiving
your thoughts, suggestions and criticisms of the book. If you were one
of the many agencies which made a proposal in the book we would like to
learn of your current intentions with regards. to the proposal. Finally,
if you wish to update a proposal or submit a new proposal please use the
forms contained in Appendix D.

If you have any questions regarding the "Special Areas Book" please feel
free to call upon me or Kurt Fredriksson (465-3540).

Sincerely,

Murray Wals Coordinator
Office of C6astal Management

Enclosures

MW/KF/1 ry

ALASKA
COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
01-Al 7LH

SPECIAL AREAS IN THE ALASKA COASTAL ZONE:

ABSTRACTS OF PROPOSALS

Office of Coastal Management

State of Alaska
Office of the Governor
Division of Policy Development and Planning
Office of Coastal Management
Pouch AP
Juneau, Alaska 99811

U.S. DEPARTMENT 0f COMMERCE NOAA
COASTAL SER'ICE. ('ENTER
223, SOLIUH '~ThSOt" AVENUE
CHAR 1STON Sc 29405-2413

June 1980

PRE FACE

Special Areas in the Alaska Coastal Zone: Abstracts of Proposals is a report
on the current status of the special area designation element of the Alaska
Coastal Management Program (ACMP). This first edition is intended mainly for
the use of local, state, and federal government agencies involved in coastal
management, and the members and staff of the Alaska Coastal Policy Council.
It contains abstracts of proposals for special management areas that have been
submitted to the Office of Coastal Management (0CM) for review and approval or
endorsement under the authority of ACMP; some of the proposals have recently
culminated in the designation of several ACMP special areas. The second
edition, scheduled for spring of 1981, will be directed toward a broader
audience which will include private parties and organizations. It will also
have a broader content, with more information on the state and federal special
areas already designated in Alaska's coastal zone.

Several hundred proposals for special management areas in the Alaska coastal
zone have been submitted to the Office of Coastal Management since 1977. The
proposers are local, state, and federal government agencies. Some of the
proposals are for a special management area called an "area meriting special
attention" (AMSA), which is designated through the authority of the Alaska
Coastal Management Act upon review and approval by the Alaska Coastal Policy
Council (AS 46.40.210 and 6 AAC 80.160). Some of the others are for designa-
tions under authorities other than ACMP, such as state parks and state critical
habitat areas. In these cases the proposing agency seeks the council's
endorsement of the proposal. Still other proposals identify special areas as
required of coastal resource districts and state agencies by the ACMP Standards.
They include identifications of geophysical hazard areas (6 AAC 80.050); areas
for recreational use (6 AAC 80.060); sites for energy facilities (6 AAC 80.070);
areas suitable for commercial fishing and seafood processing facilities
(6 AAC 80.090); and historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources
(6 AAC 80.150). Finally, some of the proposals seek simultaneous designation
of an area as an AMSA and as another type of special management area, while
others seek the AMSA designation in addition to an existing special area
designation.

The proposals varied in other ways, notably length, format, and degree of
completion. They ranged from preliminary to final drafts and included pro-
posals for AMSAs which have since been designated.

To facilitate access to the essential information during OCM and council
reviews, and to be able to transmit the information to other participating or
interested organizations and persons, a summary was clearly in order. The
"Special Areas Book" should satisfy these needs. It contains abstracts of all
the proposals, with the same format being used for each abstract. In addition,
the abstracts are grouped and indexed according to geographic region, proposing
agency, and the alphabet, and they are cross-referenced.

We have not been able to group the abstracts for proposed AMSAs and other
special areas separately; they are all on AMSA forms. This is because numerous
proposals were submitted both as identifications of special coastal areas in
general and as "potential nominations" of AMSAs. If decisions have been
reached on the actual designations to be followed through, OCM is unaware of
them. The first edition of the Special Areas Book should alert the proposers
to this problem. They should tell us which proposals they still consider to
be active as far as ACMP is concerned, bring the active proposals (and the
abstracts) up to date, and cite the intended designations and authorities.

Agencies should also examine the cross-referencing of the abstracts to deter-
mine if there is a need for consultation among proposers. District planners
should peruse the abstracts to determine the possible benefits of identifying
the special areas in their local coastal management plans. Ideally, abstracts
for the existing AMSAs would be brought up to date by their district represen-
tatives; this way, progress concerning their management could be described in
this book as a service to the Alaskan public, as well as to government agencies
participating in ACMP.

Preparation of the abstracts by anyone but the original proposers leaves the
proposals open to misinterpretation. Also, abstracting the proposals consumed
a great deal of time. Therefore, abstract forms are provided in Appendix D.
They are for your use in revising and completing the abstracts printed in this
edition, and for filling out and submitting with new proposals. The abstracts
will be subject to examination by private parties and organizations, as well as
government agencies, and should include a minimum amount of government jargon
and a maximum amount of pertinent information. Use of the forms will facilitate
review and further processing of proposals by OCM.

The Special Areas Book is designed to be instructive in the preparation and
revision of proposals for special areas. Chapter 1 reiterates current ACMP
regulations on special management area designation and is supplemented by
Appendix A, describing the federal requirements for special area inventory and
designation elements in state coastal management programs; Appendix B, describ-
ing AMCP's methods of participating in special area designation; and Appendix
C, an example of a proposal for an AMSA. Chapter 2 explains the kinds of infor-
mation included in each column of the abstract forms, and includes further
recommendations for the contents of proposals and the next edition of the
Special Areas Book. The maps on the title pages for Chapters 1 and 2 and the
appendixes illustrate OCM's recommendation for the preparation of maps.

Chapters 3-11 contain the abstracts, with a chapter for each coastal region;
these regions are defined and illustrated in Chapter 2, and are shown in
greater detail on the title pages of Chapters 3-11. The abstracts are indexed
at the beginning of each chapter.

Several persons at the Office of Coastal Management contributed to the produc-
tion of the Special Areas Book. Catherine W. Mecklenburg prepared the
manuscript, abstracts, graphics, and layout. Conceptual problems were worked
out mainly with Kurt Fredriksson, coordinator of the special studies group at
0CM; his review of the manuscript was thorough and most helpful. Both he and
Murray R. Walsh, coordinator of ACMP, provided encouragement and fresh insight
upon demand. Ellen Searby and Terry Slavin compiled the proposals and other-
wise contributed to the start of the book. Naomi Kipp contributed many hours
of proofing. Charles J. Paul persevered through the typing of the project and,
surprisingly, is still at his desk at 0CM.

The maps in the Special Areas Book were adapted from the Interim Coastal Zone
Boundaries of Alaska map set, prep ared by the University of Alaska's Arctic
Environmental Information and Data Center (Figures 1, 2, and 18-22); a map
titled "Regional Education Attendance Areas," prepared by the Alaska Department
of Community and Regional Affairs (Figures 4-8, 12-14, and 16); and the maps
in approved district coastal management program documents, namely those of the
Annette Islands Reserve, the Municipality of Anchorage, and the City of Haines
(Figures 9-11, 15, and 17).

Stephanie Scowcroft of Drawing Conclusions, Juneau, executed the cover design,
which has also been used for other ACMP publications.

We thank the agency persons who prepared and submitted the proposals, and look
forward to their continued participation in ACMP's special area program.

SPECIAL AREAS IN THE ALASKA COASTAL ZONE:
ABSTRACTS OF PROPOSALS

CONTENTS

PREFACE -----------------------------------iii

ABBREVIATIONS---------------------------------xi

CHAPTER 1. AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION AND
OTHER SPECIAL AREAS IN THE ALASKA COASTAL ZONE --1-------
Areas Meriting Special Attention-----------------4
Other Special Areas -----------------------7

CHAPTER 2. ARRANGEMENT OF THE ABSTRACTS - ------------------11
Column 1: Number------------------------16
Columin 2: Name of Special Area, Proposer,
Source, and Cross-references-------------17
Column 3: Location, Size, Boundaries, and
Other Notable Geographic Considerations -------18
Column 4: Description of Values and Conflicts ---------20
Column 5: Primary Values and Bases for Designation-------20
Column 6: Ownership, Management, and Uses at
Time of Proposal-------------------21
Columns 7-9: Proposed Management Scheme -------------21

CHAPTER 3. ARCTIC-NORTHWEST ALASKA (COASTAL REGION A) -----------25
Index of Abstracts -----------------------27
Proposed Special Areas ---------------------30

CHAPTER 4. BERING STRAIT (COASTAL REGION B) ----------------49
Index of Abstracts -----------------------51
Proposed Special Areas ---------------------52

CHAPTER S. SOUTHWEST ALASKA (COASTAL REGION C)---------------59
Index of Abstracts -----------------------61
Proposed Special Areas ---------------------64

CHAPTER 6. KODIAK-ALEUTIANS (COASTAL REGION D)---------------73
Index of Abstracts -----------------------77
Proposed Special Areas ---------------------82

CHAPTER 7. UPPER COOK INLET (COASTAL REGION E) --------------143
Index of Abstracts-----------------------145
Proposed Special Areas---------------------148
Designated Areas Meriting Special Attention ----------152

CHAPTER 8. LOWER COOK INLET (COASTAL REGION F) --------------165
Index of Abstracts-----------------------167
Proposed Special Areas---------------------170

vii

CHAPTER 9. PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND (COASTAL REGION G) ------------193
Index of Abstracts-----------------------195
Proposed Special Areas---------------------200

CHAPTER 10. NORTHERN SOUTHEAST ALASKA (COASTAL REGION -) ----------249
Index of Abstracts-----------------------251
Proposed Special Areas---------------------254
Designated Areas Meriting Special Attention ----------276

CHAPTER 11. SOUTHERN SOUTHEAST ALASKA (COASTAL REGION I)----------281
Index of Abstracts-----------------------283
Proposed Special Areas---------------------286
Designated Areas Meriting Special Attention ----------292

PROPOSALS AND OTHER REFERENCES------------------------299
Sources of Proposals----------------------301
Selected References ----------------------303

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A. Special Area Designation Element of
State Coastal Management Programs ---------------307

APPENDIX B. Special Area Designation Element of
the Alaska Coastal Management Program -------------315

APPENDIX C. Proposal for an Area Meriting
Special Attention -----------------------321

APPENDIX D. Blank Abstract Forms----------------------337

FIGURES

Figure 1. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas in southwestern Prince William Sound --1------

Figure 2. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas on Lynn Canal, Northern Southeast Alaska ------11

Figure 3. The coastal regions defined in the Alaska
Coastal Management Act --1--------------------i

Figure 4. Approximate boundaries of coastal region A,
Arctic-Northwest Alaska----------------------25

Figure S. Approximate boundaries of coastal region B,
Bering Strait---------------------------49

Figure 6. Approximate boundaries of coastal region C,
Southwest Alaska --------------------------59

Figure 7. Approximate boundaries of coastal region D,
Kodiak-Aleutians -------------------------73

Figure 8. Approximate boundaries of coastal region E,
Upper Cook Inlet-------------------------143

Figure 9. Areas Meriting Special Attention in the
Municipality of Anchorage --------------------159

Figure 10. Areas Meriting Special Attention in the
Municipality of Anchorage --------------------161

Figure 11. Area Meriting Special Attention in the
Municipality of Anchorage --------------------163

Figure 12. Approximate boundaries of coastal region F,
Lower Cook Inlet-------------------------165

Figure 13. Approximate boundaries of coastal region G,
Prince William Sound-----------------------193

Figure 14. Approximate boundaries of coastal region H,
Northern Southeast Alaska --------------------249

Figure 15. Area Meriting Special Attention in the City of Haines ------279

Figure 16. Approximate boundaries of coastal region I,
Southern Southeast Alaska --------------------281

Figure 17. Areas Meriting Special Attention on Annette Island--------297

Figure 18. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas on the Beaufort Sea coast -------------299

Figure 19. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas on the northwest coast of Kodiak Island ------307

Figure 20. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas on the east coast of Kodiak Island---------315

Figure 21. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas on the eastern shore of Cook Inlet---------321

Figure 22. Areas identified for potential designation as
special areas on the western shore of Cook Inlet---------337

Figure 23. Key to m~ap used as a base for
Figures 4-8, 12-14, and 16--------------------347

ABBREVIATIONS

AAC Alaska Administrative Code

ACMP Alaska Coastal Management Program

ADF&G State of Alaska,
Department of Fish and Game

AMSA Area Meriting Special Attention

ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act

AS Alaska Statute

BLM U. S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Land Management

DCED State of Alaska,
Department of Commerce and Economic Development

DCRA State of Alaska,
Department of Community and Regional Affairs

DGGS DNR,
Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys

DNR State of Alaska,
Department of Natural Resources

DOT/PF State of Alaska,
Department of Transportation and Public Facilities

LUPC Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska

0CM State of Alaska,
Office of Coastal Management

OCS Outer Continental Shelf

OSA Other Special Area

USCG U. S. Coast Guard

USFS U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service

USFWS U. S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS U. S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey

Figure 1. Areas identified for potential designation as special areas
in southwestern Prince William Sound (coastal region G). These areas
were identified by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division
of Parks, as areas that should be managed to protect their recreational
and scenic resources and wildlife habitat, and as potential AMSAs (12).
The proposals for these special areas are abstracted in Chapter 9.

The boundaries shown are approximate and provisional. They were copied from
maps at various scales, primarily 1:63,360, that were submitted with draft
proposals. The base map for this figure is a portion of Interim Coastal Zone
Boundary map 85, which shows the landward (broad solid line) and seaward
(broad broken line) boundaries of the coastal zone on the USGS 1:250,000-scale
Seward (1953) topographic quadrangle map (19).

(The maps of proposed special areas in this edition of the Special Areas Book
cover only a small number of the proposed areas. They are intended mainly as
illustrations of the format we will probably use for mapping all of the special
areas for the next edition. Our mapping plans are more fully explained on
pages 19 and 338.)

Xii

I N CE W I LAM SO0 U NI.

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~' Special Attention
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nd~ I er n

~~ Other Special Areas
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CHAPTER 1. AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION AND
OTHER SPECIAL AREAS IN THE ALASKA COASTAL ZONE

Coastal management at the national and state levels arose from the recognition
that all areas of the coast have multiple resource values and that conflicts
between the uses of these resources are inevitable. The federal Coastal Zone
Management Act further recognized that there are specific coastal areas that
are particularly valuable and have the potential for greater conflicts than
other coastal areas in general. As a step toward protecting the special values
of these areas, Section 305(b) (3) of the federal Act requires state coastal
management programs to inventory and designate "areas of particular concern"
within the coastal zone. In a like manner, Section 46.40.020(d) (5) of the
Alaska Coastal Management Act calls for "the protection and management of
significant historic, cultural, natural, and aesthetic values and natural
systems or processes within the coastal area."11

The federal Act further requires that state coastal management programs provide
methods and procedural guidelines for proposing and designating areas of
particular concern. The Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP) responded by
creating a new kind of area of particular concern that is designated through
the authority of ACMP, and by creating a method through which ACMP can partici-
pate in designation of other kinds of areas of particular concern falling under
other authorities.

The new kind of area of particular concern is -proposed and designated through
one of two ACMP methods and is called an "area meriting special attention"~
(AMSA). One method for designating AMSAs pertains to AMSAs within coastal
resource district boundaries, and the other to AMSAs outside of district
boundaries.2

AMSAs are different from other coastal areas of particular concern. Areas of
particular concern designated through other programs and authorities include
state parks, state critical habitats, national wildlife refuges, and national
petroleum reserves, to name just a few. The ACMP can participate in designa-
tion of these other special areas by reviewing proposals for them and, if
appropriate, endorsing them.

1. Both acts have been reprinted in several ACMP publications. The Annual
Report for 1979 (18) is the most recent, and is most likely to still be
available (from 0CM) at the time of this printing. Federal requirements for
inventory and designation of special management areas (areas of particular
concern) in state coastal management programs are reprinted here in Appendix A.

2. A coastal resource district is any of the following which contains a portion
of Alaska's coastal area: (1) a unified home rule municipality or an organized
borough that exercises planning authority; (2) a home rule or first class city
outside a borough that exercises planning authority; (3) a second class city
outside a borough that exercises planning authority, provided the city has a
planning commission and, in the judgment of the Commissioner of Community and
Regional Affairs, has the capability to develop and carry out a coastal program;
or (4) a coastal resource service area formed in the unorganized borough.

Apparently there is tendency to equate AMSAs with areas of particular concern
in general. Perhaps this is because an area could be designated both as an
AMSA and as some other kind of area of particular concern. We find it causes
less confusion to simply call all coastal areas of particular concern, includ-
ing AMSAs, "special areas." That leaves us with, from ACMP's point of view,
AMSAs and other special areas (OSAs).

Special Areas in the Alaska Coastal Zone: Abstracts of Proposals (hereafter
called "Special Areas Book") contains abstracts of the proposals for AMSA
designations that were submitted to OCM from 1977 through May 1980. The
designation of several AMSAs was confirmed by the Alaska State Legislature in
April 1980. The Special Areas Book contains abstracts for these newly desig-
nated AMSAs, as well as for AMSAs in various stages of the proposal and review
process.

The word "proposed" is used in its broadest sense in the Special Areas Book, to
include final proposals for AMSAs along with preliminary drafts. The latter
are usually evident from the lack of information in some columns of the
abstracts. In addition, many of the proposals abstracted in this edition were
submitted as "potential nominations" of AMSAs. Some of these will probably be
resubmitted as proposals for OSAs, with the request that OCM and the Alaska
Coastal Policy Council review and consider them for endorsement. Therefore,
although the title of the forms used for the abstracts specifies AMSAs, some of
the abstracts pertain to OSAs.

The current edition of the Special Areas Book will serve as the foundation for
a refined, expanded edition we plan to publish in the spring of 1981. In that
edition, separate forms will be used for AMSAs and OSAs. (A proposal for
designation of an area as both an AMSA and an OSA would still be abstracted on
an AMSA form.) We also hope to include more complete information in each
abstract. These goals can be realized if the proposers bring up to date and
otherwise revise the proposals abstracted in the current edition, and if both
these and new proposals clearly state the intended designations--AMSA, a
specific type of OSA, designation as both an AMSA and an OSA, or as an AMSA in
addition to an existing OSA designation--and cite the implementation and
management authorities. Action on all proposals, as well as progress toward
our second edition, will be expedited if the appropriate abstract form (Appen-
dix D) is filled out and submitted with each proposal.

As further, less definite goals for the next edition, we plan to include
abstracts describing existing state and federal OSAs, in addition to those for
existing AMSAs, and to show the boundaries of the proposed and existing special
coastal areas on maps. Figures 1, 2, and 18-22 show some of the proposed AMSA
and OSA boundaries, but these figures are mainly experimental. They show the
way we will most likely carry out the mapping project.

AREAS MERITING SPECIAL ATTENTION

AMSAs are defined in the Alaska Coastal Management Act, in AS 46.40.210(1):

"a delineated geographic area within the coastal area which is
sensitive to change or alteration and which, because of plans

or commitments or because a claim on the resources within the
area delineated would preclude subsequent use of the resources
to a conflicting or incompatible use, warrants special manage-
ment attention, or which, because of its value to the general
public, should be identified for current or future planning,
protection, or acquisition."

As part of the definition, AS 46.40.210(1) specifies seven kinds of areas that
the Alaska Coastal Policy Council can consider as bases for designation of
AMSAs:

(A) areas of unique, scarce, fragile, or vulnerable natural habitat,
cultural value, historical significance, or scenic importance;

(B) areas of high natural productivity or essential habitat for living
resources;

CD) areas where development of facilities is dependent upon the utili-
zation of, or access to, coastal waters;

(E) areas of unique geological or topographic significance that are
susceptible to industrial or commercial development;

(F) areas of significant hazard due to storms, slides, floods, erosion,
or settlement; and

(G) areas needed to protect, maintain, or replenish coastal land or
resources, including coastal floodplains, aquifer recharge areas,
beaches, and offshore sand deposits.

Three more categories are given in the ACMP Standards, 6 AAC 80.160(b):

(1) areas important for subsistence hunting, fishing, food gathering,
and foraging;

(2) areas with special scientific values or opportunities, including
those where ongoing research projects could be jeopardized by
development or conflicting uses and activities; and

(3) potential estuarine or marine sanctuaries.

Any one of these 10 categories, or several of them together, can serve as the
basis for an AMSA proposal and designation.

All proposals for AMSAs must include the information specified in
6 AAC 80.160(a):

(1) the basis or bases for the designation under AS 46.40.210(1) or
6 AAC 80.160(b) (see above, A-G and 1-3);

(2) a map showing the geographical location, surface area, and, where
appropriate, bathymetry of the area;

(3) a description of the area, including dominant physical and biological
features;

(4) the existing ownership, jurisdiction, and management status of
the area, including existing uses and activities;

(5) the existing ownership, jurisdiction, and management status of
adjacent shoreland and sea areas, including existing uses and
activities;

(6) current and anticipated conflicts among uses and activities
within or adjacent to the area, if any; and

(7) a proposed management scheme, consisting of the following:

(a) a description of the uses and activities that will be
considered proper and the uses and activities that will
be considered improper with respect to land and water
within the area;

(b) a summary or statement of the policies that will be
applied in managing the area; and

The management scheme for an AMSA "must preserve, protect, enhance, or restore
the value or values for which the area was designated," as specified in
6 AAC 80.160(c).

As long as the proposal contains the required information, anyone can propose
an area for designation as an AMSA, as described in 6 AAC 80.160(a):

"Any person may recommend to a district or to the council areas
to be designated as areas which merit special attention. Dis-
tricts shall designate in district programs areas which merit
special attention. Areas which are not in districts and which
merit special attention shall be designated by the council with
the concurrence of appropriate state agencies, municipalities,
and villages affected by the designation."

The following text elaborates on the two methods of proposing and designating
ANISAs. 3

3. These methods and the opportunities for public involvement in special area
designation are more fully described in ACMP's Final Environmental Impact
Statement (33); and in Alaska Coastal Policy Council Resolution No. 10 (see
Appendix B).

Method (a)

Special area designation method (a) culminates in approval or rejection by the
Alaska Coastal Policy Council of AMSAs proposed in district coastal management
programs. AMSAs may be proposed in the initial district coastal program sub-
mission to the Office of Coastal Management, or in later amendments to the
district program.

Delivery of a proposal for an AMISA under method (a) is handled in two ways. If
a federal agency, state agency, local government other than the district
involved, or private party or group wishes to propose an area for AMSA status,
they transmit the proposal to 0CM, who will evaluate the proposal to assure
that the requirements for such a proposal have been met, and will then forward
it to the district. The second way is where the district itself identifies the
potential AMSA. In either case, further reviews and hearings are conducted to
refine the proposal and determine the benefits of including the AMSA in the
district program (or in amendments to the program).

Actual designation of the AMSA occurs with the approval of the district program
by the Alaska Coastal Policy Council.

After the district program has been approved by the council, then actual manage-
ment of the AMSA on behalf of the basis(es) or value(s) which led to its desig-
nation begins. The management plan is part of the original AMSA proposal and
is approved along with the designation itself. This is a very important point.
In the past, many special area designation and management programs have not
been effective because the decision makers, the public, or both, did not know
the effect of the designation decision. In the ACMIP ANISA process, the decision
is not made until all of the planning is done. This point applies to all ANSAs,
whether they are designated through method (a) or method (b).

Method (b)

Special area designation method (b) culminates in approval or rejection by the
Alaska Coastal Policy Council of AMSAs proposed in areas outside of coastal
resource service areas, or districts, in the unorganized borough.

As with method (a), any person, group., or agency may propose an AMSA through
method (b). This is done by preparing the same type of information as for
method (a) and submitting it to 0CMI, whose staff will evaluate the proposal
for completeness of the required information, and then schedule the matter for
council consideration. Information on the current status of service areas in
the unorganized borough can be obtained from 0CM. If the proposed AMSA is in
one of the service areas, it is routed through method (a).

After the council has designated the AMSA under method (b), 0CM will arrange
for the management of the area with the local, state, or federal agency or
agencies appropriate to the purpose. Remember that this management plan is
specified in the proposal and is approved along with the designation of the
ANISA.

OTHER SPECIAL AREAS

The Alaska Coastal Policy Council can also participate in the designation of
OSAs under other authorities. This is method (c).

Method (c)

Proposals for special areas to be designated under authorities other than those
provided by the Alaska Coastal Management Act can be submitted to OCM for
review, coordination of review, and endorsement by the Alaska Coastal Policy
Council under method (c). Special area proposals offered to the council by
this method are not AMSA proposals.4 Endorsement by the council of such a
proposal, for an OSA, does not supplant any other steps required by law to
cause the designation and management of the special area.

Government agencies are not obliged to submit OSA proposals to OCM and the
council, except in the sense that the council is entitled to see special area
proposals just as any other person or organization is entitled to public dis-
closure of government intent. The Office of Coastal Management, in its
capacity with the Division of Policy Development and Planning as the lead
agency for ACMP, will monitor all such government activity and will review
special area proposals for consistency with ACMP regulations.

Other Special Areas

Non-ACMP special areas at the state level include recreation areas, parks, and
historic sites (Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Parks);
and game refuges, game sanctuaries, and critical habitat areas (Alaska Depart-
ment of Fish and Game). National special areas include national forests (U. S.
Forest Service); wildlife refuges and ranges (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service);
parks, monuments, and historic landmarks (National Park Service); and resource
reserves (Bureau of Land Management).

The Alaska Coastal Management Program also provides considerable authority to
local governments to identify and manage OSAs. Local OSAs can include
historic, prehistoric, and archaeological resources; geophysical hazard areas;
recreational areas; sites for energy facilities; sites for transportation and
utility corridors; sites for commercial fishing and seafood processing facili-
ties; and areas where subsistence is the dominant use of the resources, all as
specified in the ACMP Standards.5 All of these OSAs may be or are required to
be identified in district coastal management programs.

The distinction between AMSAs and OSAs is important, since some confusion is

4. It may look like methods (a), (b), and (c) all refer to AMSAs, but they do
not. The common factor is ACMP involvement in special area designation: two
methods for AMSAs and one for OSAs. The phraseology comes from Alaska Coastal
Policy Council Resolution No. 10 (see Appendix B).

5. The most up-to-date version of the ACMP Standards is reprinted in the
Annual Report for 1979 (18).

inevitable. For either type of special area, the key to successful management
is the proper application of an authority to carry out the management
directives. Management of an AMSA will be implemented by the following three
authorities:

(1) The planning and zoning power of the local government (except in the
case of service areas which have no zoning power).

(2) The consistency power of the Alaska Coastal Management Act, which
requires state agencies to conduct themselves consistently with
approved district programs and the ACMP Standards. This applies to
actions of other parties, including the private sector, which are
regulated by the state.

(3) A similar consistency power vested by the federal Coastal Zone
Management Act, which applies to the actions and approvals of federal
agencies.

OSAs are special areas that might be reviewed or endorsed through the ACMI'
process, but which would not depend on the three-part combination of ACMP powers
described above for management and implementation. If an area is to be both an
AJNSA and an OSA, full AMSA and OSA procedures for the application of all
management powers would be used.

The programs for AMSAs and OSAs together amount to a broad array of means with
which to find and manage areas that have special values or need to be specially
managed because of multiple use conflicts or consideration of geophysical
hazards.

Figure 2. Areas identified for potential designation as special areas
on Lynn Canal, in Northern Southeast Alaska (coastal region H). Areas -
H30-32 are being considered for designation as AMSAs in the City and
Borough of Juneau coastal management program (14). Sawmill Creek (H22)
was identified as a potential timber processing and town site, and a
potential AMSA, by the Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic
Development (5). The proposals for these special areas are abstracted
in Chapter 10.

The boundaries shown for H30-32 are approximate and provisional. They were
copied from sketches in a draft of the Juneau coastal management document.
The area of concern on Sawmill Crcek (1122) was not specified. The base map
for this figure is a portion of Interim Coastal Zone Boundary map 97, which
shows the landward boundary (broad solid line) of the coastal zone on the
USGS 1:250,000 Juneau (1962, revised 1971) quadrangle map (19).

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CHAPTER 2. ARRANGEMENT OF THE ABSTRACTS

The abstracts are grouped into nine chapters, with one chapter for each of the
coastal regions defined in Section 44.19.891 of the Alaska Coastal Management
Act and represented on the Alaska Coastal Policy Council. The coastal region
boundaries generally coincide with regional educational attendance area and
borough boundaries:

(A) Arctic-Northwest Alaska, including the North Slope Borough and the
Northwest Arctic regional educational attendance area;

(B) Bering Strait, including the Bering Strait regional educational
attendance area;

(C) Southwest Alaska, including the Lower Yukon, Lower Kuskokwim, South-
west, and Lake-Peninsula regional educational attendance areas and
Bristol Bay Borough;

(D) Kodiak-Aleutians, including the Kodiak Island Borough and the
Aleutian, Adak, and Pribilof regional educational attendance areas;

(E) Upper Cook Inlet, including the Municipality of Anchorage and the
Matanuska-Susitna Borough;

(F) Lower Cook Inlet, including the Kenai Peninsula Borough;

(G) Prince William Sound, including the area east of the Kenai Peninsula
Borough to 1410 W. longitude;

(11) Northern Southeast Alaska, including the area southeast of 1410 W.
longitude and north of 570 N. latitude, including the City and
Borough of Sitka; and

(I) Southern Southeast Alaska, including that portion of Southeast
Alaska not contained within Northern Southeast (H).

The boundaries are shown in Figure 3, and on sections of a larger-scale map on
the title page of each chapter of abstracts (Figures 4-8, 12-14, and 16).

Users of this book would be benefitted by having a U. S. Geological Survey
1:2,500,000-scale map (Alaska Map E) at hand or, better still, larger-scale
topographic quadrangles. (Appropriate USGS topographic quadrangle maps are
specified in column 3 of each abstract.) The recently published Interim
Coastal Zone Boundaries of Alaska map set (19), which shows the landward and
seaward boundaries established in the Alaska Coastal Management Act on each
USGS 1:250,000-scale topographic quadrangle, is highly recommended. We regret
that, because of the preliminary nature of much of the information submitted to
OCM and the need to refine it, we could not provide maps showing the locations
and boundaries of all the proposed special areas.

Figure 3. The coastal regions defined in the Alaska Coastal Management
Act: A, Arctic-Northwest Alaska; B, Bering Strait; C, Southwest Alaska;
D, Kodiak-Aleutians; E, Upper Cook Inlet; F, Lower Cook Inlet; G, Prince
William Sound; H, Northern Southeast Alaska; and I, Southern Southeast
Alaska.

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The abstracts are indexed at the beginning of each chapter. They are grouped
according to proposer, and under proposer the areas are in alphabetical order.
For coastal regions where there are designated AMSAs, abstracts for the
proposed and designated special areas are grouped separately.

Most of the 395 abstracts in this edition of the Special Areas Book were
condensed from proposals having the equivalent of 6-30 double-spaced pages,
and a few were prepared from 31-69-page proposals. On the other hand, about
one-fourth of the proposals were so short they already constituted abstracts
and we reported all of the information they contained. Occasionally we filled
in bits of missing information, such as inclusion of a proposed special area
within a state critical habitat (Alaska Statutes, Title 16), state park
(Title 41), or other specially managed or designated area. However, the
general policy was to refrain from embellishment and to concentrate on consis-
tent, objective reporting of the information submitted.

The information reported in each column of the abstract forms is defined and
discussed in the rest of this chapter. This should serve as a guide to the
information in the abstracts in Chapters 3-11, and, along with the text and
forms in Appendix D, should also be helpful in the preparation of future
proposals and abstracts.

At this point it might help the reader to glance at some of the more complete
abstracts, and consider them as models. There are many good models, but F42,
a proposal for an AMSA (pages 190-191), and I22-24, which describe existing
AMSAs (pages 292-295), come most quickly to mind. (The full-length proposal
for 124 is reprinted in Appendix C.)

COLUMN 1: NUMBER

The only entry in column I is the number we assigned to each proposal and
abstract. Each of these numbers carries the letter for the coastal region in
which the proposed or designated special area in located: "All for Arctic-
Northwest Alaska, "B" for Bering Strait, "C" for Southwest Alaska, and so on,
as listed on page 13 and shown in Figure 3.

Besides permitting a cross-referencing system (column 2), the numbers are
handy for distinguishing between areas bearing the same name., but which are
geographically distinct from one another, and between proposals for the same
area submitted by different agencies. In Alaska many places and geographic
features bear the same name. For Gull Island, Moose Creek, Rocky Point, and
Swan Lake, to mention but a few, the Dictionary of Alaska Place Names (29)
lists 17, 53, 17, and 11 entries, respectively. An example in the Special
Areas Book is found among the abstracts for Prince William Sound, which include
G95 and G96, each a different Sawmill Bay. An example of multiple proposals
for the same area is Cape Thompson in Arctic-Northwest Alaska. Cape Thompson
was identified as a special area and potential AMSA by both the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game and the Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic
Development, so is represented by two abstracts in this book, A6 and A14.

COLUMN 2: NAME OF SPECIAL AREA, PROPOSER,
SOURCE, AND CROSS-REFERENCES

Name of Special Area

The name of the proposed or designated special area is reported first in
column 2. In most cases the name of a place or geographic feature was given
as the name for the special area. Of course, the special area could include
more than the one feature or place named, or only a portion of it. The infor-
mation in column 3 defines the actual area and its relation to the place name.

Proposer

The name of the proposing agency is given next. For abbreviations, see the
index of abstracts in each chapter or the list on page xi.

Source

The source, given third in column 2, refers to the document containing the
proposal. These documents (1-17) are listed under "Sources of Proposals"
(page 301). Often each proposal was accompanied by a bibliography of pertinent
items and a list of persons considered to be knowledgeable about the area. The
proposals or the proposing agencies should be consulted for this and other
information not covered in the abstracts.

Other sources of information used in the preparation of the Special Areas Book-
(18-35) are listed under "Selected References" (page 303).

Cross-references

Cross-references, using the numbers we assigned to the abstracts, are usually
the last entries in column 2. They are preceded by the phrase, "See also."
The cross-referencing can be useful. It can reveal conflicting proposals for
an area and the need for consultation among the proposers. Or, the same use
for an area could be proposed by more than one agency, in which case a combin-
ation of proposals might be considered.

The reader may also consult cross-referenced abstracts to find out more about
an area. Values, conflicts, or other considerations described in one abstract
of a cross-referenced group might not be described in the others. For example,
an abstract for an area identified for potential designation as a park by one
agency, and as a site for industrial facilities by another, could also contain
a reference to an identification of the area as being prone to geophysical
hazards. Conceivably, the geophysical hazard warning could be used to support
management of the area primarily for recreational use.

If a special area includes portions of two coastal regions, the situation is
explained in an additional notation in column 2. An example is the proposed
Lower Kenai Peninsula Coastal M1arine Refuge (FlO), which is mainly within
coastal region F, Lower Cook Inlet, but because the proposal also includes the
Barren Islands, extends into coastal region D, the Kodiak-Aleutians region.

COLUMN 3: LOCATION, SIZE, BOUNDARIES,
AND OTHER NOTABLE GEOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS

Location

Several kinds of information about the location of each special area are given
in column 3: geographical description, coordinates, and reference to a USGS
map on which the area is shown.

Geographic description. --The description gives the location of the special area
relative to other features, such as bodies of water, points of land, and towns
or villages. The emphasis is on approaching the area from the nearest major
body of water, by naming it first and then proceeding to finer geographical
detail until the area is located. If the area is far inland, the description
starts with a phrase such as "Inland of" a major body of water. There are
exceptions, particularly among the abstracts for special areas in Southeast
Alaska (coastal regions H and I). The inside waters of Southeast Alaska are
more complex and less well known than such waters as the Bering Sea or Prince
William Sound, so sometimes the description starts by stating whether the
special area is on an island or on the mainland. The descriptions were
written by referring to the Dictionary of Alaska Places Names (29), USGS topo-
graphic maps, U. S. Forest Service maps, and maps prepared by the proposing
agencies.

Definitions of the boundaries of some major waters differ. This work follows
the definitions given in the Dictionary of Alaska Place Names (29). The
southern extent of the Gulf of Alaska is the most notable potential source of
confusion. On many maps the Gulf of Alaska-Pacific Ocean "boundary" places
the outer coasts of Kodiak Island and the Alexander Archipelago on the Pacific
Ocean. The Dictionary (29) describes the southern boundary of the Gulf of
Alaska as a line running from the south end of Kodiak Island to the south end
of Dall Island in the Alexander Archipelago. Thus, in this work the outer
coast of Kodiak Island is considered to be on the southwestern Gulf of Alaska.
Only the southwest coast of the island south of Shelikof Strait would be
described as being on the Pacific Ocean. Likewise, the outer coast of South-
east Alaska's Alexander Archipelago is considered to be on the eastern Gulf of
Alaska.

Coordinates.--The ideal geographical coordinates to report would be the
latitude and longitude for the center of the special area, or at least for
some point well within the area. However, determining appropriate coordinates
was not always possible. Because of their preliminary nature, some proposals
lacked maps.

We often settled for reporting the Dictionary (29) coordinates for the place or
feature cited in the name of the special area (column 2). Unfortunately, these
may not always be the best choice. The Dictionary gives the latitude and
longitude for mouths of streams, canyons, and ravines, and for the centers of
bays, lakes, and populated places. If a special area is centered around the
mouth of a river or the center of a bay, then these coordinates are suitable;
but if the proposed boundaries encompass only the headwaters of a river or the
mouth or head of a bay, then the Dictionary coordinates are not suitable.

If future proposals report coordinates for the approximate center of each
special area, it will aid us in plotting these points on a master map of each
coastal region. Reporting in degrees and minutes is sufficient.

Quad.--U. S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangle maps were cited in most
proposals and are reported next in column 3. Scales other than 1:250,000 or
1:63,360 are identified in parentheses. Maps at the 1:250,000 scale are
identified by their quadrangle names (as in "Quad: Seward"), and maps at the
1:63,360 scale by the alphabetical-numerical subdivisions thereof (as in "Quad:
Seward A-i").

This entry will be different in the next edition. It will list the maps
actually submitted with a proposal.

As base maps for showing the general extent of each special area and the geo-
graphic relationships among them, we will most likely use sections of the
1:250,000-scale Interim Coastal Zone Boundaries of Alaska maps (19) or USGS
topographic quadrangles, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 18-22. Individual
maps from the Interim set cost only 18 cents. If you draw the boundaries on
sections of these maps or the USGS 1:250,000 quadrangles and submit them with
your proposals, it will facilitate our mapping efforts and ensure the accuracy
of the results.

Of course, for review purposes a larger-scale map would usually be more appro-
priate, and would be submitted in addition to the 1:250,000-scale map.

"A map showing the geographical location, surface area, and, where appropriate,
bathymetry of the area" is a required part of AMSA proposals and of OSA
proposals submitted to OCM for review and endorsement (6 AAC 80.160[a][2]).

Size, Boundaries, and Other Notable Geographic Considerations

Surface area is usually reported in acres in column 3. This entry is followed
by a description of the extent of the area and the geographical features it
encompasses, if this information is not evident from other entries in column 3
or from the name of the special area (column 2), and if we had sufficient
information. Note that if an embayment or lake is identified in the name, and
the extent is not further explained in column 3, the area usually includes the
waters of the embayment or lake, the shoreline, and the surrounding uplands
(usually the watershed). If a point of land or island is identified in the
name, and not further explained in column 3, the special area usually includes
both the lands named and the surrounding waters, most often out to 2-3 miles.

The remaining columns require less comment. Each is based on a specific require-
ment in 6 AAC 80.160(a) (see pages 5-6 of this book) for information to be
included in AMSA proposals. In order for the council to consider them, OSA
proposals must also contain the information required for AMSA proposals (Alaska
Coastal Policy Council Resolution No. 10; see Appendix B).

COLUMN 4: DESCRIPTION OF VALUES AND CONFLICTS

Column 4 contains a description of the resources, values, or other consider-
ations that serve as the bases for the proposed designation under AS 46.40.210
(1) and 6 AAC 80.160(b); other dominant physical and biological features, as
called for in 6 AAC 80.160(a)(3); and "current and anticipated conflicts among
uses and activities within or adjacent to the area, if any," as required in
6 AAC 80.160(a)(6). Generally, the order just given is the order in which the
information is presented in the abstracts. Note that much of the information
on dominant physical features may be more conveniently reported in column 3
than in column 4.

The length of these abstracts, particularly the column 4 descriptions, is not
especially important. We considered brevity to be less desirable than including
a statement on each pertinent point covered in the proposal. If a lot of space
was required to describe the area and the reasons it should be specially desig-
nated and managed, then we gladly filled it up. Even if the material could be
condensed further, this is a task for the proposers. Only they can make the
necessary decisions.

COLUMN 5: PRIMARY VALUES AND BASES FOR DESIGNATION

Usually the only entry in column 5 is a list of the values or considerations
cited in the proposals as being of primary importance. It could be considered
a citation of the bases for designation in key word or phrase form, while the
formal citation under AS 46.40.210(1) and 6 AAC 80.160(b) is the second entry
in column S.

It would have been more logical to reverse columns 4 and 5 on the forms, but
limitations of space dictated this arrangement.

In their summary lists of values, some proposers chose to distinguish between
primary and "associated" values. If such distinctions were made, the associ-
ated values are identified by preceding them with the word, "also."

Occasionally, a value is listed that is not described in column 4. In such
cases, the value was not described in the proposal, just listed. Each agency
should compare the information we have reported in columns 4 and S for each of
their proposals. If a value is considered important enough to cite in column
5, it needs elaboration in column 4.

The formal citations of the bases for designation are reported in these
abstracts only if they were specifically cited in the proposals.

Sometimes the values were not summarized in list form by the proposers. In
such cases we tried to be exceptionally careful with our choice of words, but
as word usage differs, our choice may not always be considered the best by the
proposers themselves. So, again, please check our reporting. Take, for
example, the discussion of historic~al) by Follett (26), whose usage we have
followed:

That is historic which holds an important place in
history. Thus Napoleon's return from Elba was a
historic event, President Monroe's doctrine of 1823
a historic utterance. All things historic are also
historical in the sense that they belong to authentic
history, but the great mass of historical figures and
events have nothing historic about them: historic =
special; historical = actual. It is thus possible to
use historical to affirm or deny the truth of a sup-
posed event.

COLUMN 6: OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND USES
AT TIME OF PROPOSAL

On the forms used for the abstracts in this edition of the 'Special Areas Book,
the heading for column 6 says "current" ownership, management, and uses. But
on reflection, it appears that "at time of -proposal" would be more accurate.
This has been corrected on the forms provided in Appendix D.

The information in column 6 is reported in response to 6 AAC 80.160(a) (4) and
(5). When preparing the abstracts we emphasized section (4), which pertains
to management and uses within the proposed area, and only included information
fulfilling section (5), which pertains to management and uses of adjacent
lands and waters, if it was related to current or potential conflicts or
impacts on the proposed special area, or was important for some other reason
(such as abutment of a proposed special area on an existing one).

Together with columns 4 and 5, column 6 should provide a complete description
of the current situation. Even if some existing special management areas
(national forests, for example) and current uses (highways, dam sites, and so
on) are shown on the maps submitted, they should also be reported in column 6.
Further, as most of the USGS quadrangle maps are not up to date, special care
should be taken to list existing special areas and significant developments or
improvements that do not show up on the 1:250,000-scale map submitted.
Remember that many of your readers probably know little, if anything, about the
area you are describing, and those relying on the Special Areas Book '(next
edition) for information will only have the 1:250.,000-scale maps to refer to.

Much of the information reported in column 6, particularly regarding current
uses and activities, could be more precisely stated. For fishing, for
example, subsistence, commercial, or recreational should be specified.

COLUMNS 7-9: PROPOSED MANAGEMENT SCHEME

Columns 7-9 are for the proposed management scheme called for in 6 AAC 80.160
(a)(7). Subsection (7)(b), requiring "a summary or statement of the policies
that will be applied in managing the area," and subsection (7)(c), which
requires "an identification of the authority that will be used to implement
the proposed management scheme," are covered in column 7.

The proposed designation and authority should be identified first in column 7,
and followed by a summary of the management policies. If a proposal is for an
AMSA designation in addition to an OSA designation, this should be stated.

Because we have been treating all of the proposals as proposals for AMSAs until
we hear otherwise, and the abstracts for both AMSAs and OSAs are on AMSA forms,
the more final, "definite" proposals for AMSAs, as opposed to "potential
nominations" of AMSAs or to proposals for OSAs, cannot usually be identified by
reference to the title of the form or to column 7. The AMSA proposals will be
clearly distinguished in the next edition by our use of separate forms for AMSA
and OSA abstracts. Meanwhile, the most formal AMSA proposals are identified in
column 5, by the presence of a citation of the bases for designation under
AS 46.40.210(1) or 6 AAC 80.160(b) (as they were cited by the proposers).

Columns 8 and 9 complete the reporting of the management scheme by listing
allowable and nonallowable uses and activities in response to 6 AAC 80.160(a)
(7)(a).

Figure 4. Approximate boundaries of coastal region A, Arctic-Northwest Alaska.
For key to other features shown on the map, see Figure 23 (at end of book).

A Anaktu ul~~~ Pa~ 4 A Arc-tic V lage

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CHAPTER 3. ARCTIC-NORTHWEST ALASKA (COASTAL REGION A)

All of the abstracts in this chapter pertain to proposed special areas. No
AMSAs have been designated in Arctic-Northwest Alaska.

INDEX OF ABSTRACTS

Al-3: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Page

Al: Cape Krusenstern to Cape Thompson ---------------30

A2: Prudhoe Bay and Vicinity--------------------30

A3: Wainwright and Barrow and Vicinity---------------30

A4-9: Alaska Department of Fish and Game

A4: Arctic Marine Sanctuary --------------------30

AS: Cape Lisburne Critical Habitat-----------------32

A6: Cape Thompson Critical Habitat-----------------32

A7: Kasegaluk Lagoon Critical Habitat ---------------32

A8: Peard Bay and Seahorse Islands Critical Habitat --------32

A9: Teshekpuk Lake Critical Habitat ----------------32

AIO-18: Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic Development

A1O: Barter Island and Camden Bay Vicinity -------------34

All: Cape Beaufort Vicinity---------------------34

A12: Cape Espenberg Vicinity --------------------34

A13: Cape Lisburne -------------------------34

A14: Cape Thompson -------------------------3

AIS: Kivalina----------------------------34

A16: Kuk River Mouth ------------------------34

A17: Prudhoe Bay, State Offshore Waters---------------36

A18: Prudhoe Bay Waterfront---------------------36

A19-31: North Slope Borough

A19: Boulder Patches ------------------------36

A20: Cross Island--------------------------38

A21: Deferred Development District -----------------38

A22: Geophysical Hazard District ------------------40

A23: Kuparuk River -------------------------40

A24: Kuparuk to Sagavanirktok Coastal Wetlands -----------40

A25: Petroleum Service Base and Production District---------42

A26: Pole Island --------------------------42

A27: Prudhoe Bay Basin Complex I ------------------42

A28: Prudhoe Bay Basin Complex I ------------------44

A29: Sagavanirktok River ----------------------44

A30: Shaviovik River ------------------------44

A31: Staines River -------------------------46

A32: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Parks

A32: Arctic Coast State Monument ------------------46

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Arctic-Northwest

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

Al Cape Krusenstern to Southeast Chukchi Sea. Cape Krusenstern is an accreted beach-ridge plain
Cape Thompson Lat.: 67005' to 68�10' N. separating Krusenstern Lagoon from the waters of Kotzebue
Long.: 163030' to 166�00' W. Sound. Much of the sand and gravel composing the plain has
(DNR, DGGS) Quads: Noatak, Point lope. been carried by littoral drift from sources as far north as
Cape Thompson. The oldest ridges formed as long ago as
(1) 4,500 years. Coastal activities and construction (such as
jetties) between Cape Krusenstern and Cape Thompson could
See also A6, A14, interrupt littoral drift and cause erosion at Cape
A15. Krusenstern. The Cape Krusenstern beach-ridge plain has
been occupied nearly continuously for 4,500 years and
constitutes a record of arctic archaeology of major
importance.

A2 Prudhoe Bay and Beaufort Sea, between Beechey Point The location of the channel followed by barge tugs into
Vicinity and Point Brower. Prudhoe Bay and to Atlantic Richfield Company's gravel
Lat.: 70�20' N. causeway has shifted relative to shoreline by as much as
(DNR, DGGS) Long.: 148025' W. 175 m from 1950 to 1976. Mean depth of the channel may
Quad: Beechey Point B-4. have increased slightly, but shoaling occurs during the
(1) open water season, July to September. Nearby Stump Island
has shifted and grown in area. Exposed shoreline from
See also A17, A18, Point McIntyre east has been eroded by as much as 3 m/yr
A32. from 1950 to 1970. Furthermore, the offshore area in and
around Prudhoe Bay is thought to be underlain by perma-
frost. Over-ice flooding and spring breakup on the larger
rivers are potential hazards. Changes in channel configu-
ration and interruptions in barge access can have serious
consequences.

A3 Wainwright and Northeast Chukchi Sea. The coastline from Icy Cape to the United States-Canada
Barrow and Vicinity Lat.: 70040' N. border is one of relatively high rates of bluff retreat
Long.: 1600 W. due to thermal erosion and wavecut. Coastlines are
(DNR, DGGS) Quads: Wainwright C-2, Barrow B-4. retreating faster in this area than along most of the
Chukchi Sea coast. Erosion occurs chiefly during late
(1) summer and fall storm surges, when winds and air pressure
cells can combine to raise sea level above the mean higher
See also A16. high water line. In addition to erosion and storm surge
flooding, the coastline from Icy Cape to the Canada border
is thought to be underlain by ice-bonded permafrost at
shallow depths beneath the sea floor, from the beach out
to water depths of about 2-30 m. Bonded permafrost has not
been found beneath the bottom of Elson Lagoon at Barrow,
but permafrost is likely to be present beneath parts of
Wainwright Inlet. If producible hydrocarbons are found in
National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska, Barrow and Wainwright
could be potential sites for logistical bases or storage
depots.

A4 Arctic Marine Beaufort Sea, from Demarcation The 3-month ice-free season in the area of the proposed
Sanctuary Point west to Brownlow Point, Arctic Marine Sanctuary is crucial to biological
Flaxman Island, and the Canning productivity in the Arctic. Primary productivity in the
(ADFGC) River. marine environment begins with the blooming of the ice
Lat.: 69041' to 70015' N. algae in the spring and continues throughout the summer,
(2, 3) Long.: 1410 to 1460 W. thus laying the foundation for the reproductive success of
Quads: Barter Island, Demarcation all higher marine organisms. Millions of shorebirds and
See also A10. Point, Mt. Michelson, and Flaxman waterfowl migrate along the Beaufort Sea coast to and from
Island. their nesting grounds. The lagoons provide protected,
shallow water for resting, molting, and raising young
Area: 624,640 ac. birds. The barrier islands provide important nesting
Includes all tidelands, barrier habitat free of fox predation. In winter, seals establish
islands, lagoons, bays, and Barter breathing holes in the shorefast ice. Polar bears also
Island within this area, to the frequent the shorefast ice, where they hunt the seals as
60-ft isobath. their main source of food. Female polar bears den on the
barrier islands. Oil exploration and development may
threaten these values.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Arctic-Northwest

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Arctic arclhaeology; Stuldy anid m1onitoring. Those that would
coastal erosion and Thn area is proposed for interript the littoral
deposition hazard. classification as a drift between C:ape
National Monument. Thompson and (ape
Krusenstern.

Onshore and off- Intense petroleum activity. Activities anywhere in Those that contribute
shore erosion and the Beaufort Sea must to filling or shifting
deposition hazard. allow for natural shore- of the channel, or
line erosion and changes that do not allow for
in offshore bathymetry, adverse effects of
as well as the potential melting permafrost and
effects of the activi- erosion.
ties themselves on the
rate of such changes.
Design and construction
must allow for the
effects of melting
permafrost, especially
settlement and subse-
quent material erosion,
both onshore and off-
shore.

Coastal erosion and Area is in National Consideration of Those not taking into
deposition, Petroleum Reserve-Alaska. geophysical hazards when account the potential
flooding, and designing new for coastal flooding
permafrost hazards. development. and erosion.

Critical habitat Federal management from the To assist in preserving Primary use, excluding Those not satisfying
for wildlife, southern border of the the Arctic Coastal Plain Kaktovik, would be standards for
including polar Arctic National Wildlife environment and to maintenance of an compatible use.
bears, seals, birds, Range to the offshore mean preserve the marine arctic coastal marine
and fishes. high water line on the environment between tile system. Compatible
barrier islands. The area Canning River and uses may be permitted.
between this line and the Demarcation Point.
60-ft depth contour is
managed by the state. The
community of Kaktovik is in
the area, on Barter Island.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Arctic-Northwest

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

AS Cape Lisburne Chukchi Sea, 40 mi northeast of Cape Lisburne is the site of the northernmost seabird
Critical Habitat Point lope. colonies in North America. In the spring the cliffs and
Lat.: 68053' N. surrounding areas provide nesting sites for about one
(ADF&G) Long.: 166�13' W. million seabirds. Species in the rookeries include common
Quad: Point Hope. and thick-billed murres, black-legged kittiwakes, horned
(2, 3) and tufted puffins, glaucous gulls, pelagic cormorants, and
Area: 39,700 ac. pigeon and black guillemots. Gyrfalcons, golden eagles,
See also A13. Includes Cape Lisburne and Cape and peregrine falcons also frequent the cliffs and nest in
Lewis, and waters to 30 mi from the area. In winter and early spring, a 6- to 8-mile-wide
shore. polynya (region of open water surrounded by ice) from Cape
Lisburne south to Cape Lewis provides feeding and roosting
areas for overwintering seabirds. Most foraging occurs
offshore, within 30-60 miles of the cliffs.

A6 Cape Thompson Southeast Chukchi Sea, between Beginning in late spring, the high cliffs of Cape Thompson
Critical Habitat Point Hope and Cape Seppings. provide nesting sites for about 200,000 seabirds. The
Lat.: 68008' N. predominant species of the rookery are the thick-billed
(ADF&C) Long.: 165058' W. murre, common murre, and black-legged kittiwake. Other
Quad: Point Hope. auklets and gulls using the cliffs include the horned
(3) puffin, tufted puffin, and glaucous gull. The cliffs are
Area: 27,500 ac. also used for nesting by a few pairs of endangered
See also Al, A14. Includes the cliff area and waters peregrine falcons. The marine waters provide nutrition
to 30 mi from shore--to for the birds; most foraging occurs offshore, within
60-ft isobath and deeper. 30-60 mi of the cliffs.

A7 Kasegaluk Lagoon Northeast Chukchi Sea; lagoon This is the most extensive barrier island and lagoon system
Critical Habitat extends about 120 mi southwest from in the United States. Kasegaluk Lagoon is habitat for the
a point about 16 mi southwest of nesting and staging activities of shorebirds, waterfowl,
(ADF&G) Wainwright. and seabirds in spring, summer, and fall. Common eiders,
Lat.: 69016' to 70028' N. arctic terns, and glaucous gulls are among the species
(3) Long.: 160029' to 163018' W. using the barrier islands for breeding and nesting.
Quads: Point Lay and Wainwright. Species using the system for staging activities (feeding,
resting) include black brandt, dunlin, western and semi-
Area: 23,000 ac. palmated sandpipers, long-billed dowitcher, phalarope, and
Includes the barrier islands (e.g., snow bunting. Spotted seals gather near Icy Cape every
Solivik Island) as well as the fall. In some years, beluga whales with their calves spend
lagoon. a few days to several weeks in Kasegaluk Lagoon. In
winter, the shorefast ice of the system is optimum habitat
for ringed seals.

A8 Peard Bay and Northeast Chukchi Sea, between This barrier island and lagooon system is critical habitat
Seahorse Islands Barrow and Wainwright. for the staging of juvenile shorebirds and gulls prior to
Critical Habitat Lat.: 70047' to 70053' N. fall migration, including red phalaropes, Sabine's gulls,
Long.: 158042' to 158�50' W. and arctic terns. Survival of juvenile birds during
(ADFlID) Quads: Wainwright and Meade River. migration depends on the amount of energy stored up through
feeding and resting during the staging process. The region
(3) Area: 4,480 ac. is also important for other fish and wildlife resources.
Includes the barrier island and Spotted seals haul out on the sandy beaches in summer, and
lagoon system formed by the ringed seals use the shorefast ice in winter. Beluga
Seahorse Islands (a mile east of whales with their calves sometimes move into Peard Say.
Point Franklin) and Peard Bay.

A9 Teshellkpuk Lake Beaufort Sea, Arctic Coastal Plain The hundreds of thaw lakes and wet tundra vegetation in the
Critical Habitat between Cape Hlalkett and Smith Bay. Teshekpuk Lake area provide optimum nesting conditions for
Lat.: 70020' N. to coast of the thousands of waterfowl in the summer, including snow geese,
(ADIF:,G) Beaufort Sea. white-fronted geese, and black brandt. This is the most
Long.: 152�10' to 154020' W. intensively used waterfowl nesting habitat on the Alaskan
(2, 3) Quads: Teshekpuk and Ilarrison Bay. part of the Beaufort Sea coast. Teshekpuk Lake also
provides habitat for both anadromous and freshwater fishes.
rea: 92,'1(011 ac. fil s explr:,t iomn and development may threaten these values.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Arctic-Northwest

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Critical habitat Federal management of land; To protect the nesting During the winter, During breeding season,
for sealirds, state anid federal manage- environment of cliff- activities that would any use of the cliffs
ment of waters. Classified nesting species of sea- not physically alter or adjacent areas that
as d-2 national interest birds from disturbance the nesting environ- would disturb the
lands. Native selections and disruption. ment. Regulated nesting activities of
and oil and gas lease subsistence hunting seabirds. Year-round,
applications on file. Area and fishing. activities that would
is used for subsistence alter or disturb the
hunting, fishing, and food biological and physical
gathering. features of the cliff
nesting areas.

Critical habitat State and federal lands. To protect the nesting Provided they do not Those disturbing the
for seabirds; Part of area withdrawn for environment of cliff- alter or disturb the seabirds during nest-
research. d-2 national interest nesting seabirds; and to biological or physical ing season, including
lands; native selections of provide area for features of the cliff- low-flying aircraft
rest of area. Used for studying the relation- nesting area: regu- (when the birds are
subsistence hunting, fish- ships among the plank- lated subsistence disturbed they abandon
ing, and egg gathering; and ton, fishes, birds, and hunting and fishing, their nests, and eggs
Naval Arctic Research marine mammals of this recreation, and and chicks are pushed
Laboratory. ecosystem. research. away).

Critical habitat Bureau of Land Management To protect and maintain Multiple uses that Those not compatible
for birds and manages National Petroleum the ecosystem for vital would not alter or with the management
marine mammals; Reserve-Alaska. State and bird nesting and staging disturb the biological purpose.
research. native selections pending. activities and to pro- and physical features
Used for subsistence hunt- vide area for studying of this habitat.
ing, fishing, trapping, and the relationships among
egg gathering; oil the fauna using the
exploration; and biological ecosystem.
research.

Critical habitat Bureau of Land Management To protect and maintain Multiple uses that Those not compatible
for juvenile birds manages National Petroleum the coastal and marine would not alter or with the management
and other wildlife; Reserve-Alaska. Used for habitat used by juvenile disturb the biological purpose.
research. subsistence hunting, birds for staging areas; and physical features
fishing, and trapping; to preserve the habitat of this ecosystem.
sport hunting, fishing; for other wildlife
oil exploration; and depending on this eco-
biological research, system; and to provide
areas for research on
the relationships among
the plankton, fishes,
birds, and mammals of
this system.

Critical habitat The area is in National To preserve waterfowl Maintenance of Those not satisfying
for watcrfowl and Petroleum Reserve-Alaska. and fish habitat, critical waterfowl standards for
fishes. diversity, and abun- nesting habitat and compatible use.
dance. fish habitat.
Compatible uses may be
permitted.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Arctic-Nnorthwet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

AID Barter Island and Beaufort Sea, about 62 mi northwest Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
Camden Bay Vicinity of Dem:lrcation Point. for upland resource development. Resource processing
Lat.: 700O7' N. facilities will eventually be needed in this vicinity.
(I)CLD) Long.: 143040' W.
Quad: Barter Island.
(5)
Area: about 1,000 ac.
See also A4.

All Cape Beaufort Northeast Chukchi Sea, between Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
Vicinity Point Lay and Cape Lisburne. for upland resource development. Has limited access owing
Lat.: 69'02' N. to shallow coast and ice pack impingement, but adjacent to
(DCED) Long.: 163050' W. arctic coal fields.
Quad: Point Lay.
(5)
Area: about 1,000 ac.

A12 Cape Espenberg Southeast Chukchi Sea, southwest Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
Vicinity side of Kotzebue Sound. for upland resource development. May be feasible for
Lat.: 66033' N. transfer facility for regional resources and community
(DCLD) Long.: 163036' I. supply point. One or several such sites should be
Quad: Kotzebue. identified for marine access. Industrial staging area.
(5)
Area: about 1,000 ac.

A13 Cape Lisburne Chukchi Sea, northeast of Point Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
Hope. for upland resource development.
(DCED) Lat.: 68053' N.
Long.: 166013' W.
(5) Quad: Point Hope.

See also Cl. Area: about SO ac.

C20* Wood Tikehik State Inland of northern Bristol Bay. In 1960 the National Park Service recognized the Wood
Park Wood River heads in Aleknagik Lake, River-Tikchik Lakes area's scenic, recreational, and
flows to Nushagak River just north- fishery values by proposing that the area be added to the
(DNR, Div. Parks) east of Dillingham. The seven National Park System. Each year 3,000 to 5,000 people
Tikchik Lakes are between Nishlik visit the area. The potential for sport fishing, boating,
(16) Lake on the north and Nuyakuk Lake and sightseeing is exceptionally high. Sockeye salmon
on the south. Approximate center spawning in the area constitute as much as 20% of the
See also C8. of area: Bristol Bay escapement. A total of 24 fish species has
Lat.: 59045' N. been identified in the proposed park. Mammals occurring
Long.: 159000' N. in the area include moose, caribou, brown and black bears, I
Quads: Bethel. Dillingham C-7, 8; beavers, ground squirrels, hares, red foxes, muskrats,
D-6, 7, 8. Goodnews. Taylor voles, lemmings, mice, shrews, porcupines, weasels,
Mountain A-6, 7, 8; C-8; D-7, 8. martens, wolverines, lynx, and land otters. Wolves occur
but are not common. A hydroelectric power project at Elva
Area: 1,244,000 ac. Lake has been proposed.

*Wood Tikchik State Park
was designated in 1978;
the original proposal is
abstracted here because
it was also submitted as
a potential AMSA nomina-
tion.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Southwest

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Scenic, fisheries; State and private lands. State Park or State Recreation, including Those impairing the
also recreation, State lands classified for Wilderness Park, to fishing and hunting, area's scenic, fish
wilderness. public recreation. About protect the area's out- and subsistence hunting and wildlife habitat,
25 native selections standing scenic, fish and fishing, to the park, and subsistence
patented or applied for. and wildlife, recrea- extent they do not values.
Uses include privately tion, and wilderness impair the area's
owned fishing and hunting values. Emphasis on scenic, fish and wild-
lodges, and subsistence protection of habitat of life habitat, park, and
hunting, fishing, and fish and wildlife subsistence values.
trapping. species which are of Elva Lake hydroelectric
great importance to the development if con-
Bristol Bay commercial struction is closely
fishery and local regulated.
subsistence hunting and
fishing.

-.4
N;

Figure 7. Approximate boundaries of coastal region D, Kodiak-Aleutians. For
key to other features shown on the map, see Figure 23 (at end of book).

QfihagkSuWae n' h-
I~6 ga'rwjn A

~~ GO~~d k ~~ A~eknag, ~ 6 ""Zw knr
Nushagi~ 7j~wok

ark~sp~4~, Kye a CHUGACH

BFISTOLS ~~NATI~~~ RISTOL ODIAK ISLAND

Cove~~~~~~~~o
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'kwb~~~~~~~

c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ mm

ALj-COR

, Figure 7. Approximate boundaries of coastal region D, Kodiak-Aleutians (continued).

Ag7t, Sta

08~~~~~~~1

1780 7 174 ov172~ 170 01680 1660

CHAPTER 6. KODIAK-ALEUTIANS (COASTAL REGION D)

All of the abstracts in this chapter pertain to proposed special areas. No
ANSAs have been designated in the Kodiak-Aleutians region.

INDEX OF ABSTRACTS

Dl-4: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Page

Dl: Kodiak and Vicinity ----------------------82

D2: Pribilof Islands------------------------82

D3: Scotch Cap---------------------------82

D4: Shemya Island -------------------------82

D5-6: Alaska Department of Fish and Game

DS: Barren Islands Coastal Marine Sanctuary ------------84

D6: Kodiak Coastal Marine Sanctuary ----------------84

D7: Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs

D7: Kalsin Bay ---------------------------84

D8-16: Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic Development

DS: Adak Waterfront ------------------------84

D9: Dutch Harbor Waterfront --------------------86

DIO: False Pass---------------------------86

Dll: Herendeen Bay and Port Moller Vicinity-------------86

D12: Pavlof Bay---------------------------86

D13: Sand Point---------------------------86

D14: Squaw Harbor--------------------------86

D15: Terror Lake --------------------------86

D16: Unalaska Waterfront ----------------------88

D17-82: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Parks

D17-32: Afognak and Neighboring Islands

D17: Afognak Lake and Afognak River ----------------------88

D18: Barren Islands --------------------------------------88

D19: Devil Inlet -----------------------------------------90

D20: Duck Bay --------------------------------------------90

D21: Kazakof Bay -----------------------------------------90

D22: Kitoi Bay -------------------------------------------92

D23: Little Waterfall Bay --------------------------------92

D24: Malina Lakes ----------------------------------------92

D25: Onion Bay -------------------------------------------94

D26: Paramanof Bay ---------------------------------------94

D27: Pauls and Laura Lakes -------------------------------96

D28: Seal Bay ------------------------------------------96

D29: Shuyak Island ---------------------------------------98

D30: The Slough ------------------------------------------98

D31: Tonki Bay and Pillar Cape --------------------------100

D32: Tonki Cape -----------------------------------------100

D33-62: Northeastern Kodiak Island

D33: Anton Larsen Bay -----------------------------------100

D34: Barabara Lake and Barabara Cove --------------------102

D35: Boulder Bay ----------------------------------------102

D36: Buskin Lake, River, and Beach -..........102

D37: Cape Chiniak ---------------------------------------104

D38: Cliff Point ----------------------------------------104

D39: Dry Spruce Bay and Islands -------------------------106

D40: Eagle Harbor ---------------------------------------106

D41: Erskine House --------------------------------------106

D42: Gibson Cove ----------------------------------------108

D43: Hidden Basin ------------------------------.........108

D44: Holy Resurrection Church ---------------------------108

D45: Icon Bay -------------------------------------------110

D46: Isthmus Bay ----------------------------------------110

D47: Kalsin Bay -----------------------------------------112

D48: Kizhuyak Bay ---------------------------------------112

D49: Long Island ----------------------------------------114

D50: Middle Bay -----------------------------------------114

D51: Monashka Creek and Monashka Bay --------------------116

D52: Narrow Cape ----------------------------------------116

D53: Pasagshak Bay --------------------------------------116

D54: Pillar Creek and Monashka Bay ----------------------118

D55: Road to Cape Chiniak -------------------------------118

D56: Saltery Cove ---------------------------------------118

D57: Shearwater Bay -------------------------------------120

D58: Spruce Cape ----------------------------------------120

D59: The Triplets ---------------------------------------120

D60: Ugak Island ----------------------------------------122

D61: Womens Bay -----------------------------------------122

D62: Woody Island ---------------------------------------122

D63-82: Areas in and Around the Kodiak National
Wildlife Refuge

D63: Akalura Lake -...............................124

D64: Ayakulik River -------------------------------------124

D65: Barling Bay ---------------------126

D66: Carlsen Point --------------------126

D67: Chief Point and Chief Cove--------------128

D68: Drake Head----------------------128

D69: Frazer Lake ---------------------128

D70: Halibut Bay ---------------------130

D71: Karluk Lake and Karluk River-------------130

D72: Kiavak Bay----------------------132

D73: Little River Lake ------------------132

D74: Midway Bay----------------------132

D75: Ocean Bay and Rolling Bay --------------134

D76: Russian Harbor --------------------134

D77: South Olga Lakes-------------------136

D78: Three Saints Bay-------------------136

D79: Tugidak Island--------------------138

D80: Uganik Island --------------------138

D81: Uganik Lake ---------------------138

D82: Uyak Bay-----------------------140

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

DI Kodink and Vicinity Westerjn Gulf of Alaska, northeast The tsunami of the 1964 Good Friday earthquake took 18
coast ot' Kodiak Island. lives and caused extensive property damage in Kodiak and
(UNRt, I)GGS) Lat.: 57�17'21)" N. the surrounding area. Wave runup in some uninhabited areas
long.: 152�24'10" IV. of the island was more than 15 m; runup at the town of
(I) Quads: Kodiak C-1, 2; D-l, 2. Kodiak was more than 6 m. Kodiak is the focal point and
economic huh for the area's fishing, logging, and cattle
See also D7, D36, ranching activities. Kodiak Naval Station is located
D37, D38, D42, D45, 10 km south of the city and provides substantial revenue
D46, D47, D49, D50, to the area. Any interference with these activities could
D54, 055, D58, 061. have an adverse effect on the Alaskan economy as a whole.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has identified the
Shakmanof Cove area (12 mi northwest of Kodiak) as being
one of the few areas in the Kodiak vicinity to have suit-
able amounts of rock for use as any and all types of
construction materials. Sound, durable rock of all sizes
could be quarried and excellent quarry operations could be
developed with a minimum of effort.

D2 Pribilof Islands Southwestern Bering Sea. The Pribilof Islands have experienced volcanic eruptions
(St. George and Lat.: 57� N. as recently as 10,000 years ago (St. Paul Island), and
St. Paul) Long.: 170� W. faults disrupt relatively young volcanic rocks there.
Quad: Pribilof Islands. Consequently, the islands must be considered to pose
(DNR, DGGS) hazards to any potential onshore and offshore developments,
due to volcanoes and earthquakes. Sedimentary basins of
(1) the Bering Sea have considerable oil and gas potential and
a federal lease sale is scheduled. The Pribilofs are
See also CI. logical candidates for siting of logistic bases and a
pipeline terminal if producible hydrocarbons are found.

D3 Scotch Cap Pacific Ocean, Aleutian Islands, This area has been hit in very recent times by tsunamis.
off end of Alaska Peninsula on For example, in 1946 a tsunami generated by an earthquake
(DNR, DGGS) southwest coast of Unimak Island. of magnitude 7.4 demolished the Scotch Cap lighthouse and
Lat.: 54024' N. killed five people. A runup of about 30 m was recorded.
(1) Long.: 164�47' W. Unimak Pass is a significant break in the Aleutian Island
Quad: Unimak. chain and might be important to shipping, in which case the
See also Cl. maintenance of a lighthouse could be necessary.
Area of particular concern is the
west end of Unimak Island,
including the promontory, Scotch
Cap.

D4 Shemya Island Near Islands (at end of Aleutian Shemya Island has been hit by at least one tsunami in
Chain), easternmost of Semichi recent times. In 1965 an earthquake of magnitude 7.8
(DNR, DGGS) Islands. occurred about 360 km east-southeast of Shemya Island,
Lat.: 52043'20" N. causing waves of about 10 m to strike the island. The only
(1) Long.: 174�07'00" E. reported damage was flooding of a warehouse. Future
Quad: Attu. tsunamis could be expected to cause more damage. The U.S.
Air Force has established a base on the island, and there
is a corresponding higher density of people and property
on Shemya Island than in other areas in the Aleutians.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Larthquake hazard:
tsunamis.

Volcano and earth- The Pribilofs are a federal
quake hazard. game preserve, the Pribilof
Islands Reserve.

Earthquake hazard: Aleutian Islands National
tsunamis. Wildlife Refuge.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D5 Barren Islands Western Gulf of Alaska at Kennedy The Barren Islands are a significant and important breeding
Coastal Marine Entrance, between Kenai Peninsula and rearing area for seabirds and marine mammals in the
Sanctuary and Shuyak Island. Gulf of Alaska. This area is heavily used by marine
Lat.: 58�48' to 58�55' N. mammals and seabirds because of favorable habitat, the low
(ADF6G) Long.: 152�00' to 152015' W. level of disturbance, and high biological productivity of
Quad: Afognak D-1. the surrounding waters. In summer the total bird popula-
(3) tion of the islands and nearshore waters exceeds 1 million,
Area: 170,240 ac. and includes 55 species of passerines, raptors, shorebirds,
See also D18, F10, Includes the seven Barren Islands and seabirds. Sugarloaf Island may be the largest pupping
F26. and surrounding waters to the rookery for Steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska, with
600-ft isobath; offshore waters to an annual pup count of 3,000-5,000. In summer the total
about a 3-mi radius. number of sea lions hauled out on Sugarloaf Island is
4,000-7,000. The total population of sea lions in the
proposed sanctuary probably exceeds 10,000. About 200-400
sea otters inhabit the nearshore waters and over 300 harbor
seals are present. These features are currently threatened
by potential oil pollution, increased marine traffic, and
disturbance from aircraft associated with outer continental
shelf development in Cook Inlet and the Gulf of Alaska.
Many species of seabirds, raptors, and marine mammals are
acutely and particularly sensitive to disturbance while on
land during the summer.

06 Kodiak Coastal Shelikof Strait, Pacific Ocean, and The intertidal and subtidal areas in the proposed sanctuary
Marine Sanctuary southwestern Gulf of Alaska, along provide vital spawning, rearing, and feeding habitats for
the coast of Kodiak Island adjacent diverse and abundant marine mammals, seabirds, shorebirds,
(ADF&G) to the Kodiak National Wildlife waterfowl, fish, and shellfish. Of particular importance
Refuge. is the high production of sea grass and algae. Terrestrial
(3) Quads: Kodiak, Karluk, and Trinity wildlife and freshwater and anadromous fishes depend on the
Islands. high productivity and diversity of intertidal and estuarine
areas as a source of nutrients. The Kodiak National Wild-
Area: 203,341 ac. life Refuge and the proposed sanctuary function together as
The proposed sanctuary fronts on an ecosystem; the maintenance of the economic and recre-
the existing Kodiak National Wild- ational renewable resource values of each depends on the
life Refuge and includes intertidal ecological support of the other. The intertidal and sub-
and subtidal lands and waters sea- tidal areas in the proposed sanctuary provide access to
ward to the 20-m isobath. the marine waters adjacent to the existing wildlife refuge.
The values of the area are threatened by potential oil
spills, increased marine traffic, and noise disturbance
from aircraft and shipping associated with outer continen-
tal shelf oil and gas development on Cook Inlet and the
Gulf of Alaska.

D7 Kalsin Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Kalsin Bay is a vital migration route and rearing area for
east Kodiak Island; bay extends king crab. The area's values also include an annual shrimp
(DCRA) southwest off Chiniak Bay, 10 mi harvest of 1-3 million pounds, thousands of feeding birds,
south of Kodiak. three seabird colonies with about 12,000 birds, and four
(2) Lat.: 57040' N. salmon streams with estimated escapement of 50,000 in good
Long.: 152'21' W. years. The beach is an important recreational clamming
See also D)1, D47, Quad: Kodiak C-2. area for Kodiak residents. Kalsin Bay is an important
D055. sport fishing area. Three archaeological sites are near
Area: 200 ac. the entrance to the bay. An earthquake-related National
Natural Landmark has been proposed for the head of Kalsin
Bay. The bay is a likely site for OCS oil-related
facilities after the lease sale.

1)8 Adak Waterfront Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, Four canneries and related commercial fishing facilities.
Andreanof Islands, on northeast
(ftCED) Adak Island at head of Kuluk Bay.
Lat.: 51052' N.
(5) Long.: 176'39' W.
Quad: Adak.

Area: about 200 ac.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Critical habitat State and federal jurisdic- Coastal marine sanctu- Primary use is the Those posing a threat
for msariiie mammals tion. No special manage- ary, to preserve the preservation of the to the management
and birds. ment program. lses include Barren Islands marine ecosystem, and this is purpose.
scientific research and mammals, birds, and considered an exclusive
recreation. associatcd species, and use because it cannot
the biological and be transported or dis-
physical features on placed to another area.
which these wildlife Low-level secondary
resources depend. uses allowed, such as
scientific research.

Critical habitat State ownership and juris- To preserve this unique Primary use is the Those posing a threat
for marine mammals, diction. No special and highly productive preservation of the to the management
birds, fish, and management other than for marine ecosystem, ecosystem, and this is purpose.
shellfish. commercial fishing. Uses including the diverse considered an exclusive
include commercial fishing and abundant assemblage use because it cannot
and recreation associated of marine mammals, sea- be transported or dis-
with the Kodiak National birds, and associated placed to another area.
Wildlife Refuge. species, and the biolo- Secondary uses allowed,
gical features of the namely research, recre-
tidelands and surround- ation, subsistence, and
ing marine waters on commercial fishing, but
which the wildlife will be strictly
depends. managed and regulated.

Critical habitat Private land used for resi- To maintain existing Ranching, commercial OCS-related activities
for king crab and dential and commercial values. and sport fishing, should be discouraged
shrimp, seabirds, purposes. Remainder zoned picnicking, and until adverse socio-
and anadromous fish; conservation by the borough. clamming. economic and biological
recreation; archaeo- g~! grazing leases. Uses impacts can be miti-
logical sites. include residential and gated.
commercial development,
recreation (clamming, sport
fishing), ranching, and
archaeological study.

Commercial fishing Area is in the Aleutian To protect values for Seafood processing and
and seafood process- Islands National Wildlife onshore commercial fish- related fishing fleet
ing facilities. Refuge. ing and seafood process- activities.
ing facilities.
Private.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1)9 Duitch Harbor Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, Fox Three canneries and related commercial fishing facilities.
Waterfront Islands, off northeast coast of
Unalaska Island in Unalaska Bay, on
(DCIED) Amaknak Island.
Lat.: 53�54' N.
(5) Long.: 166�31' W.
Quad: Unalaska.

Area: about 150 ac.

DO10 False Pass Aleutian Islands, east coast of Cannery and related commercial fishing facilities.
Unimak Island, on Isanotski
(DCED) Strait.
Lat.: 54051'15" N.
(5) Long.: 163024'30" W.
Quad: False Pass.

Area: about 50 ac.

DIl Hlerendeen Bay and Bristol Bay, near southwest end of Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
Port Moller Vicinity Alaska Peninsula. for upland resource development.
Lat.: 55�50' to 55�53' N.
(DCED) Long.: 160028' to 160�50' W.
Quad: Port Moller.
(s)
Area: about 1,000 ac.
See also Cl.

D12 Pavlof Bay Pacific Ocean, near southwest end Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
of Alaska Peninsula, east of Cold for upland resource development.
(DCLD) Bay.
Lat.: 55020' N.
(5) Long.: 161038' W.
Quad: Port Moller.

Area:

D13 Sand Point Pacific Ocean, Shumagin Islands, Canneries and related commercial fishing facilities.
northwest coast of Popof Island,
(DCED) on Humboldt Harbor.
Lat.: 55�20'15"1 N.
(5) Long.: 160�30'00" W.
Quad: Port Moller.

Area: about 100 ac.

D14 Squaw Harbor Pacific Ocean, Shumagin Islands, Cannery and related commercial fishing facilities.
east coast of Unga Island, on
(DCED) north shore of Baralof Bay.
Lat.: 55�14'30" N.
(5) Long.: 160�32'55" W.
Quad: Port 1oller.
See also D48.
Area: about 50 ac.

D15 Terror Lake Western Gulf of Alaska, north- Potential site for hydroelectric power generation: dam
central Kodiak Island, 25 mi construction, hydroelectric installation, power generator
(DCED) southwest of Kodiak. to 12 r4w. Division of Energy and Power Development
Lat.: 57�38'30" N. estimates that this project has a reasonable expectation
(5) Long.: 153'00'45" W. of being developed.
Quad: Kodiak.

Area:

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Commnercial fishing To protect values for Seafood processing and
and Seafood process- onshore commsercial related fishing fleet
ing facilities, fishing and seafood activities.
processing facilities.
Private.

Commsercial fishing Area is in the Aleutian To protect values for Seafood processing and
and seafood process- Islands National Wildlife onshore commsercial related fishing fleet
ing facilities. Refuge. fishing and seafood activities.
processing facilities.
Private.

Transportation and To protect values for Docks, fuel storage,
related facilities. transportation, commer- supply and maintenance
cial, and industrial facilities, service
potential. roads, etc.

Transportation and To protect values for Docks, fuel storage,
related facilities. transportation, commser- supply and maintenance
cial, and industrial facilities, service
potential. roads, etc.

Commecrial fishing To protect values for Seafood processing and
and seafood process- onshore comsmercial related fishing fleet
ing facilities. fishing and seafood activities.
processing facilities.
Private.

Commaercial fishing To protect values for Seafood processing and
and seafood process- onshore commiercial related fishing fleet
ing facilities. fishing and seafood activities.
processing facilities.
Private.

lydroelectric power. Axes is in the Kodiak To protect value as Power generation.
'lational Wildlife Refuge. hydroelectric site.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D16 Unalaska Waterfront Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, Fox Five canneries and related commercial fishing facilities.
Islands, northeast linalaska Island,
(DCDI)) on south shore of linalaska Bay.
Lat.: 53�52'30" N.
(5) Long.: 166032'00" W.
Quad: Unalaska.

Area: about 200 ac.

D17 Afognak Lake and Western Gulf of Alaska, south coast The recreational values of this area were recognized many
Afognak River of Afognak Island; river heads at years ago when the U.S. Navy built a recreation camp here,
Afognak Lake and flows 3.2 mi to which is now operated by the Coast Guard. Today Afognak
(DNR, Div. Parks) Afognak Bay, 25 mi northwest of Lake is one of the most popular recreation areas on Afognak
Kodiak. Island. Hunting of Sitka black-tailed deer and fishing are
(11) Lat.: 58�05' N. the primary recreational pursuits. Brown bears, elk, and
Long.: 152�49' W. ducks are also hunted. Hiking, pleasure boating, and
Quad: Afognak A-3. picnicking are associated recreational activities. Wild-
life resources in the area include an arctic tern and mew
Area: 15,149 ac. gull rookery on the lake; red, silver, and pink salmon,
Includes Afognak Lake, Afognak steelhead and rainbow trout, and Dolly Varden char in the
River, east shore of Afognak Bay, freshwaters; brown bears, which feed and den in the area;
and surrounding lands. elk and deer; bald eagle nest; land otters, beavers, lynx,
minks, muskrats, red foxes, weasels, red squirrels, and an
occasional marten; and waterfowl. The outstanding beauty
of the area also contributes to its popularity. There are
shoreline views of mountain panoramas framed by the dense,
dark spruce forest. This area has traditionally been a
fishing ground for natives from Afognak and Aleut villages,
and is rich in artifacts of their culture. It is also a
subsistence fishing area for Port Lions and Kodiak area
residents. Other values include suitable soils and slopes
for development, timber, potential for hydroelectric power,
and suitability as fish processing site.

DIS Barren Islands Western Gulf of Alaska at Kennedy There are four sea lion rookeries in the Barren Islands.
Entrance, between Kenai Peninsula The largest rookery, on Sugarloaf Island, has around 10,000
(DNR, Div. Parks) and Shuyak Island, 68 mi northeast sea lions and is one of the largest sea lion rookeries in
of Afognak and 80 mi north of the Gulf of Alaska. Harbor seals concentrate on Sud
(11) Kodiak. Island, the south side of Ushagak Island, and part of West
Lat.: 58048' N. Amatuli Island. About 300 sea otters inhabit the Barren
See also D5, F26. Long.: 152015' W. Islands. The islands are considered the most important
Quad: Afognak D-1. nesting location in Southcentral Alaska for many species of
seabirds. There are over 650,000 seabirds in seven identi-
Area: 9,501 ac. fied rookeries. Petrels and rhinoceros auklets are
unlikely to be nesting in abundant numbers anywhere else in
Alaska. Land otters, red foxes, arctic ground squirrels,
and marmots inhabit Ushagak Island. Other than occasional
boat tours to view the seabird and sea lion rookeries,
recreational use of the Barren Islands is almost non-
existent. The wildlife rookeries, the tight arrangement of
the islands, the coves and beaches on the larger islands,
and the mountains apparently rising out of the sea, all
make the Barren Islands an exciting, scenic wonderland.
Ushagak Island has fresh water and space for camping.

,Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak -Al eutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed
Comisercial fishing To protect values for Seafood processing and
and seafood process- onshore commercial related fishing fleet
inig facilities. fishing and seafood activities.
Processing facilities.
Private.

Recreation; also Federal lands, managed by State recreation area, Hunting, trapping, and Timber harvesting in
wildlife, scenic, U.S. Forest Service as part managed cooperatively by sport fishing; timber areas abutting on
historical. of Chugach National Forest, DNR, Division of Parks, harvesting in upland Afognak Lake.
but selected by native cor- and the owner (probably areas not in key views;
porations. Uses include Port Lions, Inc.) to and second hoea
hunting, fishing, hiking, maintain and enhance the development in areas
and other recreation; recreational values of specified under a
subsistence; and commercial the area. Boating, pic- management program.
fishing offshore, nicking, and camping
facilities should be
provided.

Wildlife; also The federal government has Marine refuge. Wilder- Visits that would not
scenic, recreation. withdrawn the Barren ness management, pro- initiate panic flights
Islands under the Antiqui- visions for charter by the seabirds or
ties Act for an Alaska boat tours, or both, disrupt sea lion
Marine Resource to be should be considered. breeding; and offshore
managed by the U.S. Fish sport and commercial
and Wildlife Service. fishing provided wild-
Koniag, Inc. has filed life disturbance is
historical place selections kept to a minimum.
Dn the majority of the
lands.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: kod iak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

DIIl Ilevil Inilt Shclikof Str;ail, northitest coast of (:lrrent recreational use of the Devil Inlet ;are;a consists
Atfognl;k sji;sla 2, 27 mli nolth It f Ilmalilly of hunting. Such luse is light and is limited to
tDlIt, Di:'. lalr'ks) ut'ognik t111d clihoit 15 iii lorthwtwst a:iireias accessible by floatplane, around lakes alnd tile inlet
of kodiak. itself. 'T'he alpine portions of the area offer one of the
Ill) Lat.: 55024' N. most enjoyable hiking experiences on Afognak Island. l'he
long.: 152'16' IV. local wildlife includcs seals, sea lions, and sea otters;
Quad: Afognalk H-.. brown bears, elk, deer, land otters, and beavers; seabirds,
including tufted puffins; and pink and silver salmon.
Area: 14,7991 ac. This area is considered to be the most scenic part of
Includes the peninsula between Foul Afognak Island. Contributing to this beauty are mountains,
Bay and Shelikof Strait, with [levil large lakes, and miles of open beach contrasted by small
Inlet, Black Cape, liome Peak, and lakes, grassy meadows, and secluded coves. From almost
Ilidden Lake. any elevation, the mountains across Shelikof Strait can be
seen on a clear day. Because of these features and the
absence of development, wilderness values for this area are
extremely high. Soils and slopes at the lower elevations
are suitable for development.

1120 DIuck Bla)y iWestern Gulf of Alaska, southeast- ThFile accessibility of l)uck Bay makes it a popular stop for
coast of Afognak Island, 13 mi boaters originating out of Anton Larsen Bay (near Kodiak).
(DPNI, Div. 'Parks) northeast of Afognak and about They fish in Little Afognak Lake for rainbow trout, steel-
2( Ini nrorth of Kodiak. head, Dolly Varden, and silver and red salmon. Wildlife in
i11) I.at.: 58�08' N. the area include harbor seals and sea liors; brown bears,
Long.: 152027? 'W. elk, and deer (elk population decreasing according to
Quad: Afogn:k A-2. ADIiFG); red foxes, beavers, land otters, muskrats, short-
tailed weasels, and an occasional marten; and seabirds,
Area: 4,317 ac. iticluding tufted puffinis, murres, and gulls. Sport fishing
Includes shorelines of Mlary Anlder- and hunting have been steadily increasing in popularity.
sonl Bay anid Sclezen Bay (off Diuck This area receives so much use it is recognized as an
Bay), and adjacent uplands. important area for subsistence harvesting of salmon and
razor cla:ms. The II.S. Forest Service has suggested that
roads, trails, and cabins be constructed. The diversity of
shoreline features and the lakes bordered by towering, dark
forests contribute to the scenery at Duck Bay. Prominent
points along the shore provide coastline panoramas and
views of mountainous Kodiak Island. Remnants of the Koniag
village of Little Afognak are in Selezen Bay, as well as
the site of an ;abandoned Russian Orthodox church.

D)21 Kazakof Bay liestern G(;ulf of .Alaska, southeast Kazakof Bay receives significant hunting and fishing use
coast of Afoginak Island, 9 ni buy bIoaters originating out of Anton Larsen Bay, near
(Dl\.B, Div. ['arks) niorthcast of Afogna;k and about kodiak. The recreational use of this area may grow once
32 ci north of Kodiak. the logging activity on the existing road diminishes and
ill) lat. : 58013' N. when planned roads from Afognak Bay to Kazakof Bay are
Long.: 152034' l. completed. The waterway from the head of Kazakof Bay to
Quad: Afgnalk 11-2. I'ortage Lake could become a canoe route if portages were
built. Recognizing the potential increase in recreational
ArIea: 5, 137 1ac, use due to road conistruction, the tU.S. Forest Service at
Inctiludes head of the bay anld one time suggested that trails and cabins be constructed.
a.dja:lenit upla:ndls. A ftw rpeolple went snowniohiling in the area last year.
Specis of mammals commonl to the area include harbor seal,
sea lion, brown hear, elk, Sitka black-tailed deer, land
otter, betver, muskrat, red fox, and silowshoe hare. There
are watterfowl and a small seabird rookery. The protected
coastline of spruce-lined beaches provides pleasing
scenery. Views include coastline panoramas and mountainous
Kodiak Island. Ali archaeological site is at the head of
the ;bay. Other resources include timber and buildable
I 90nd .

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodi ak-Aleuctins

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Scenic; also twild- Federal lands, manl:ged by IThe II.S. Iorest Service luintilig, trapping, and
life, ecre.ltioll. U.S. Iorest Service and should considel b:ck- sport fishing; and
recommended I-y them for countr rianageligment that rustic recreatiolla
wilderness statuls. preserves the li;tural facilities thalt
beauty hil al losting improve access, blilnd
hunting. Anl alternative with natural features,
would be to manlage the or manage use.
area as a scenic farea.

Recreation, wild- Owned by Ouzinkie Native Recreation area or Water-dependent recrc-
life; also scenic, Corp. and Afognak Native marine waysidc, managed ation, hunting, sport
historical. Corp.; public easements; by the village corpo- fishing, and histori-
managed for timber. Uses rations, or cooperative- cal interpretation;
include recreation and ly managed with DNR, timber harvesting if
subsistence. Division of llarks. sales are landscaped
and on the order of
patch clearcuts to
protect the scenery as
seen from thile shore
and key viewpoints;
and residential
development with set-
back controls and
greenbelts to protect
scenic and recreational
values.

Recreation; also Most lands owned by Because of the multi- Those occurring now, if
wildlife, scenic. Afognak, Inc. and managed plicity of resource properly regulated and
for timber; have public values identified and put in balance with
easements. Lands north of used, Afognak Native other resource needs;
Kazakof Bay are federal, Corp. and state resource and oil and gas
and managed by the U.S. agencies should cooper- extraction if surface
Forest Service, but have atively manage thile area entry rights are
beein selected by village under a multiple use regulated to be com-
corporations. Uses include program th;at stresses patible with recre-
recreation and timber the use of mitigatory ation and scenic
harvesting. measures in making uses values.
compatible.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D122 Kitoi Bay Western Gulf of Alaska, southeast Kitoi Bay is within easy day-trip distance from the boat
c.ast oft' Afognak Isliandi, lin cst Ililnchl at Anton .Larsen lay, near Kodiak. 'ihc area receives
([)NR, Div. Parks) sihol of-I izu B.iv, 2) Illi ull2tl t':lSt significant recreatiloinl:I use, particilarly bo;tinig, Fish-
of Afognak and ib.lout 29 si north f I ing, picnicking, beachcombing, and berry picking. TIhis
(11) kodiak. :rcas also attracts al limited number of deer and elk
lat.: 58'12' N. hiunters. T'he convoluted shorelines of Kitoi Bay and tile
Long. : 152�21' t. lakes add to the scenic attraction of calm waters bordered
Quad: Afognak A-2. by a tall, mature spruce forest, and provide many niches
for solitude. Wildlife in the area include whales, harbor
Area: 4,275 ac. seals, sea lions, and sea otters; brown bears, deer, elk,
Also includes Big Kitoi and Little red foxes, land otters, muskrats, and martens; black-legged
Kitoi lakes. kittiwakes, horned puffins, pelagic cormorants, glaucous-
winged gulls, and other seabirds in numerous rookeries;
and, in Little kitoi and Big Kitoi lakes, silver salmon,
pink salmon, and rainbow trout; There are no recorded
archaeological sites. Other resources include buildable
land and timber.

D23 Little Waterfall Western Gulf of Alaska, north coast Visitors to this area consider it one of the prettiest
Bay of Afognak Island; extends south spots on Afognak Island. Little Waterfall Bay offers the
1.2 mi off Perenosa Bay, about beauty and serenity of waterfalls, wooded meadows, open
(DNR, Div. Parks) 45 mi north of Kodiak. lakes, and gravel beaches on a personable scale. The
Lat.: 58�24' N. scenery is not awesome, but charming. The Little Waterfall
(11) Long.: 152'29' W. Bay area is popular for elk and deer hunting. Dolly Varden
Quad: Afognak B-2. are fished in Waterfall Lake, which will be stocked with
rainbow trout in the near future. Brown bears feed onl
Area: 2,411 ac. spawning pink and silver salmon. The forested beach fringe
Also includes Little Waterfall provides winter habitat for elk. Other mammals common to
Creek anid Waterfall I.ake. the area include deer, beavers, land otters, muskrats, red
foxes, and short-tailed weasels. Eagle nests are sprinkled
throughout the area, while waterfowl nesting is concen-
trated around the lakes. The U.S. Forest Service has
established a recreation cabin at Waterfall Lake, complete
with a boat. Other resources include timber and buildable
land.

1124 Malina Lakes Shclikof Strait, on west coast of Upper Malina and Lower Malina lakes receive significant use
Afognak Island between lalina Bay by Kodiak residents, as the area offers good to excellent
(iDNI, Div. Parks) and Raspberry Strait, IS5 mi north- elk hunting, fishing, and hiking. The U.S. Forest Service
est of Afognak and about 48 mi maintains a recreation cabin at Upper Malina Lake and has
(11) northwest of Kodiak. constructed trails that link up to Afognak Lake and
Lat.; 58�10' N. Muskomee Bay. The protection from winds and foul weather
Long.: 152'08' I. and the ease of hiking will continue to attract hunters to
Quad: Afognak A-4. this area. The scenery at each lake enhances the recre-
ational attributes of the area. Cloud Peak and the
Area:. 5,987 ac. mountains around it form a beautiful backdrop for the clear
Also includes Malina Creek aind blue water of the lakes and the lush, grassy hills. Wild-
adjacent shoreline along Shelikof life resources and habitat include sea otters, which
Strait. congregate in large numbers at the mouth of Malina Creek;
elk winter range in the grasslands along the beach; brown
bears, land otters, beavers, muskrats, weasels, and red
foxes: and pink, silver, and red salmon in the freshwaters.
Other values include lodes of silver and lead near the
mnouth of the creek.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutilans

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed
Recreation, scenic; Owned by Afognak Native Balanced multiple use Elunting, trapping, and
also wildlife, Corp. and managed for program to maintain and sport fishing; and
heritage, timber. Subsurface estate enhance the wildlife most other current
is managed by Koniag, Inc. fisheries, scenic, and uses if properly
There is a public easement recreational resources regulated and put in
across much of the area. of the area. Afognak balance with other
Uses include recreation, Native Corp. should resource needs.
hatchery, and commercial develop such a program
fishing. or seek cooperative
management with state
resource agencies.

Scenic; also recre- Federal lands, managed by Scenic corridor. The Beyond the corridor, Within the corridor,
ation, wildlife. U.S. Forest Service for width of the corridor timber harvesting and timber harvesting or
multiple uses (Chugach should account for the most other uses if extractive uses.
National Forest), but salmon fisheries, brown properly regulated and
being conveyed to native bear concentrations, elk put in balance with
corporations. Uses include wintering area, water- other resource needs.
recreation (hunting and fowl and eagle nesting Some residential
fishing) and commercial areas, key viewpoints, development could be
fishing. and recreational allowed in the corrn-
activities. State dor with case-by-case
agencies and native review and screening.
corporations should
cooperatively evaluate
the area and designate
the corridor.

Recreation; also Federal lands, managed by Recreation. The village lunting, trapping, and
scenic, wildlife. U.S. Forest Service as corporations and DNR, sport fishing; and
:hugach National Forest, Division of Parks, grazing if regulated
but being conveyed to should cooperatively and managed to protect
native corporations. Uses manage the area to public recreation
include recreation (hunting, maintain and enhance the values and access.
fishing, and hiking). recreational and scenic
values,

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D25 Onion Bay Shelikof Strait, on southwest coast Onion Bay receives significant recreational use by boaters
of Raspberry Island, off Kupreanof and hunters. It is about an hour by boat from Anton Larsen
(DNR, Div. Parks) Strait, 17 mi northwest of Afognak Bay, near Kodiak, and is the last protected bay before
and about 18 mi northwest of Port boating around exposed capes. Elk hunting in this area is
(11) Lions and Anton Larsen Bay. considered excellent. Other recreational opportunities
Lat.: 58004' N. include camping, hiking (particularly along the valley
Long.: 153�15' W. connecting Onion Bay to Selief Bay), deer and bear hunting,
Quad: Afognak A-4. sport fishing, clamming, and wildlife viewing. The scenery
at Onion Bay is outstanding. Toward the north end of the
Area: 4,259 ac. bay, the glacier-ridden mountains across Shelikof Strait
are a majestic backdrop to the pleasing scenery of grassy
mountains over the blue waters of Onion Bay. Wildlife
resources and habitat include whales, harbor seals, sea
lions, and sea otters; summer and winter range for about
200 elk, which compose one of the largest and most access-
ible herds on Afognak Island; winter range for Sitka black-
tailed deer; brown bear denning and feeding habitat; land
otters, beavers, red foxes, and short-tailed weasels;
waterfowl in spring and summer; freshwater spawning habitat
for silver and pink salmon; and clams. The absence of man-
made structures, the richness of the wildlife, and the
scenic beauty contribute to the high wilderness value of
the area. Construction of two small docks for boat moorage
and storage of fishing gear has been proposed for the small
cove in Onion Bay.

D26 Paramanof Bay Shelikof Strait, west coast of Harbor seals and sea otters are commonly seen in Paramanof
Afognak Island, 27 mi north of Bay, and occasionally sea lions and other marine mammals.
(DNR, Div. Parks) Afognak and about SO mi northwest The forest along streams and lakes provides winter habitat
of Kodiak. for deer and elk and critical habitat for bald eagle nest-
(11) Lat.: 58018' N. ing. Brown bears feed along the streams in the spring and
Long.: 152050' W. den in the area. Small mammals inhabiting the area include
Quads: Afognak A-3, B-3. beavers, weasels, land otters, red foxes, snowshoe hares,
and red squirrels. The five anadromous fish streams in the
Area: area support runs of red, silver, and pink salmon. Dolly
Includes portions of the shoreline Varden char and rainbow trout also inhabit the lakes and
and uplands around the head of streams. Along the shore there are three seabird rooker-
Paramanof Bay, south and southeast ies, with glaucous-winged gulls, mew gulls, arctic terns,
of Ban Island. The northern slopes and tufted puffins. The U.S. Forest Service has recom-
of Paramanof Mountain are in the mended that Paramanof Bay be a research natural area. Due
area. to the occurrence of foul weather in Shelikof Strait, few
pleasure boaters visit this area. However, hunters
commonly fly in or arrive by commercial fishing vessel.
Elk hunting is the major attraction. The bay provides
opportunities for pleasure boating (in the protected
inlets), fishing, wilderness backpacking, wildlife photo-
graphy, and beachcombing. With 11 mountain peaks towering
over streams, lakes, and open waters, Paramanof Bay offers
beautiful coastline and mountain vistas.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Tentatively approved to the Recreation area or Hunting, trapping, arid
scenic, wildlife. state but selected by marine wayside, tinder sport fishing, and
Litnik, Inc.; managed by Alaska State Park grazing and residential
DNR, Division of Forest, System. Emphasis of and commercial develop-
Land, and Water Management, management should be on ment if regulated and
with some lands classified water-oriented and managed to protect
for resource management. trail-related recrea- public recreation
Uses include hunting, fish- tion. values and access.
ing, clamming, and other
recreation.

Wildlife, wilderness Federal lands, managed by Research natural area or Should be determined
recreation; also U.S. Forest Service for similar designation, in conjunction with
scenic. multiple uses. Will be under cooperative initiating a coopera-
conveyed to native corpo- management with ADF&G tive management
rations. Uses include as lead agency, to program. Uses that
hunting, fishing, and other maintain and enhance the should be considered
recreation. marine and terrestrial for allowance include
wildlife habitat and water-related recre-
resources and provide ation, hunting,
for wilderness recre- fishing, and limited
ation (DNR, Division of residential develop-
Parks, should be ment.
consulted).

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D2'7 'auls and l.aura Western Gulf of Alaska, north coast Pauls Lake is connected to Pauls Bay by a narrow passage
Lakes of Afognak Island, on east shore of which can be traveled at high tide. Laura Lake is the
Perenosa Bay; lakes southeast of largest lake on Afognak Island and has a highly convoluted
(DNR, Div. Parks) Pauls Bay, 29-31 mi northeast of shoreline. Pauls and Laura lakes receive significant
Afognak and about 42 mi north of recreational use; the area is known as a fine fishing spot.
(11) Kodiak. Coordinates for Laura Because of the many small lakes surrounding Pauls and Laura
Lake: lakes, this area offers an excellent opportunity to
Lat.: 58021' N. establish a canoe portage system. There is a private
Long.: 152�18' W. recreation cabin in the area. Some deer, bear, elk, and
Quad: Afognak B-1. duck hunting occur. There is a possibility of logging
roads eventually connecting to Danger Bay (Kazakof Bay),
Area: 4,674 ac. which may cause an increase in recreational use. Rolling
Includes Pauls Bay and waters to topography, towering Sitka spruce, and highly irregular
2 mi from shore, as well as the shorelines with many secluded coves contribute to lake and
lakes and surrounding uplands. forest scenery at its best. Wildlife resources in the area
include brown bears, elk, deer, land otters, beavers,
muskrats, short-tailed weasels, and red foxes; a sea gull
rookery, habitat for nesting waterfowl, and eagles; and
major stocks of salmon and trout. Two archaeological sites
of unknown significance are near Pauls Bay. The spruce
forests are within an area considered to be Afognak
Island's quality timber area. Soils and slopes are
generally favorable for development.

D128 Seal Bay Western Gulf of Alaska, northeast The rich marine environment of Seal Bay includes kelp beds,
coast of Afognak Island, 33 mi dense coverage of intertidal organisms, sea lion rookeries,
(DNR, I)iv. Parks) northeast of Afognak and about high concentrations of harbor seals, sea otters, and
40 mi north of Kodiak. numerous seabird rookeries. Waterfowl and eagles nest
(11) Lat.: 58021' N. along the shores of the lakes. Some of the small streams
Long.: 152012' W. are spawning habitat for pink and silver salmon, and the
Quad: Afognak B-l. area is intensively used by brown bears in the spring.
Parts of the forest serve as winter range for elk. Other
Area: 2,559 ac. mammal species common to the area include deer, red
Includes the head of the bay and squirrel, muskrat, beaver, land otter, red fox, and short-
surrounding uplands. tailed weasel. Access is primarily limited to floatplanes,
so recreational use of Seal Bay by Kodiak residents has
been low. However, there is a commercial wilderness lodge
which receives visitors from all over the country. The
lodge conducts wildlife tours. Because of proposed logging
roads circling the bay and connecting to the southern end
of Afognak Island, recreational use is expected to
increase. Recreational opportunities include sport fish-
ing, duck and elk hunting, camping, and saltwater kayaking.
The coastal scenery is superb due to a diverse shoreline,
many offshore islands and rocks, and the dark, towering
forests which majestically frame the coast. Prehistoric or
early historic house pits have been found along the shore
of Seal Bay. Soils and slopes are generally favorable for
development.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Federal lands, selected by Multiple uIse resource hunting, trapping, and
scenic, wildlife, native corporations; management, wherein the sport fishing; and
historical. managed by IJ.S. Forest scenic qualities, key residential develop-
Service as Chugach National wildlife habitat, and ment with setback
Forest until conveyance. recreational values are controls and green-
Uses include sport fishing protected by the design belts to protect the
and hunting. of timber sales. Miti- scenic and recreation-
gatory measures should al values of the area.
include stream and
shoreline buffers, land-
scaping patch clearcuts,
logging in the off
seasons, minimization of
roads, and so on. The
state Division of [larks
could assist in develop-
ment of a canoe portage
system and campsites.

Wildlife, scenic; Federal lands, selected by Multiple use resource Hunting, trapping, and
also recreation. native corporations, with management wherein the sport fishing. Most
a small portion selected superb scenery, key of the uses currently
as a regional historical wildlife habitat, and occurring at Seal Bay
place; managed by U.S. recreational attributes can continue if pro-
Forest Service as part of are protected by using perly regulated and
the Chugach National Forest stream and shoreline put in balance with
until conveyance. Uses buffers, designating other resource needs.
include sport fishing, areas of predominantly
hunting, wildlife tours recreational use, and
(from commercial lodge), landscaping patch clear-
and other recreation. cuts.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1D29 Shuyak Island Western Gulf of Alaska and Shelikof Because of its complex structure of bays and its dense
Strait at Stevenson Entrance, north forests, Shuyak Island can absorb a large number of recre-
(DNR, Div. Parks) of Afognak Island and about 56 mi ationists without infringing upon the enjoyment of the
north of Kodiak. area. Recreational opportunities include sport fishing,
(11) Lat.: 58�32' N. crabbing, clamming, hunting, kayaking, camping, beachcomb-
Long.: 152�30' W. ing, and hiking. Recreational use of the island has been
Quads: Afognak C-1, 2, 3. low because of lack of awareness. Deer and duck hunters
visit the area each fall, and kayakers report that Shuyak
Area: 46,600 ac. Island offers the finest kayaking wilderness experience in
Includes the entire island, and Alaska. Animal life on and around Shuyak Island is
smaller islands and waters out to abundant and includes whales and porpoises; dense concen-
3 mi. trations of harbor seals and sea otters; a sizeable sea
lion rookery; Sitka black-tailed deer, brown bears, land
otters, beavers, muskrats, and red foxes; high concen-
trations of nesting bald eagles; waterfowl, which nest and
molt all along the bays and lakes; pink salmon, steelhead
trout, and Dolly Varden char in the freshwaters; clams; and
phosphorescent plankton. The island also offers a rich
array of outstanding scenery, from pounding surf on the
rocky coast, where there are views of the volcanic
mountains on the Alaska Peninsula across Shelikof Strait,
to protected inlets bordered by towering, moss-covered
spruce. This is contrasted by the open, pastoral, lake-
dotted tundra. There are three historical sites on the
northeastern tip of the island. Other resources include
timber, buildable land, and, possibly, suitable sites for
support of outer continental shelf oil and gas development.

D30 The Slough Western Gulf of Alaska, north of The constriction of The Slough, the interspersion of off-
Kodiak Island; water passage shore islands and rocks, and the rugged backdrop of Afognak
(DNR, Div. Parks) between Raspberry and Little and Raspberry islands provide boaters with a rich array of
Raspberry islands, about 24 mi coastal and forested mountain panoramas. Raspberry Strait,
(11) northwest of Kodiak. with its abounding beauty and protected waters, is a
Lat.: S7059'30" N. favorite area for recreational boaters, making it important
Long.: IS2OSSlD'" W. to maintain the scenic integrity of this entrance. The
Quads: Kodiak D-3, Afognak A-3. included portion of Afognak Island is easily accessible by
boat and has good anchorages, so receives a lot of deer
Area: 1,391 ac. and elk hunting pressure. Boaters on their way to
Includes Little Raspberry Island, exploring Raspberry Strait and Afognak Island stop to
The Narrows north of Little picnic or explore and stroll along the beaches. Wildlife
Raspberry Island and adjacent coast common to the area include harbor seals, sea otters, and
of Afognak Island, and The Slough sea lions; Sitka black-tailed deer, elk, bears, red foxes,
and small islands south of Little beavers, land otters, short-tailed weasels, and snowshoe
Raspberry Island. hares; and various waterfowl. The forests on Little
Raspberry Island and Afognak Island could support a small
timber operation for house logs or contribute to a
commercial harvesting operation on Afognak Island. Soils
and slopes are generally favorable for residential
development.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation, wild- State lands, with large Western portion around In the western portion,
life; also scenic, portions selected by native Big Bay and extending to where scenic values are
historical. corporations; managed by Cary Inlet: state park high, compatible uses
DNR, Division of Forest, if the state retains such as hunting,
Land, and Water Management, ownership, or regional trapping, and sport and
and classified for timber. park managed by the commercial fishing.
Uses include recreation, Kodiak Island Borough For the remaining
commercial fishing (purse with assistance from portion, allowable uses
seining), and private the state Division of should be determined
residences. Parks; in either case, through the cooperative
with emphasis on water- management evaluation.
oriented recreation.
Remaining portion:
should be evaluated by
the borough and state
resource agencies for a
natural area, forest
reserve, or part of a
park for resource
management.

Scenic; also recre- Little Raspberry Island To protect the scenic Water-dependent and
ation, wildlife. recently conveyed, with value of the small craft water-related recre-
public easements, to passage, the village ation; hunting,
Afognak Native Corp. corporations should trapping, and sport
Federal lands selected by cooperate with resource fishing; and timber
native corporations; until agencies in a management harvesting using U.S.
conveyance, managed by plan to landscape any Forest Service
Bureau of land Management. development visible from multiple use and
Uses include U.S. Coast the water. The plan resource protection
Guard lighhouse at Timber should also protect the practices so that
Point, and recreation such winter habitat of deer timber sales are land-
as hunting and fishing. and elk. scaped and on the
order of patch clear-
cuts to protect the
scenery as seen from
the shore and key
viewpoints.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D31 Tonki Bay and Western Gulf of Alaska, cast coast The diverse Ilandscape of the Tonki Bay and Pillar Cape area
Pillar Cape of Afognak Island, about 30 mi includes mountains, forests, tundra, lakes, beaches, and
north of Kodiak. sea cliffs. The uniqueness of the landscape is that all of
(DINR, Div. Parks) Lat.: 58013' N. these features are viewed simultaneously owing to the long,
Long.: 152005' W. narrow axis of the mountains and Tonki Bay. The Ul.S.
(11) Quad: Afognak A-1. Forest Service recommended that Tonki Bay be evaluated for
wilderness designation. There is a Forest Service cabin
Area: 3,286 ac. at Pillar Lake for deer, elk, and bear hunters. Camping,
Extends from the head of Tonki Bay beachcombing, offshore sport fishing, pleasure boating, and
on the north, overland to Pillar hiking are other recreational opportunities in the area.
Cape and the mouth of Izhut Bay on The marine waters support kelp beds and an extensive cover-
the south. age of intertidal organisms, and are important for shrimp
king crab, and tanner crab rearing. Seals, sea lions, sea
otters, and whales can be seen offshore. Much of this area
is critical summer range for the Tonki elk herd, the
largest herd on Afognak Island. The area also supports
spawning pink and silver salmon; bald eagles; and beavers,
land otters, red foxes, muskrats, and short-tailed weasels.
Historical house depressions are at the head of Tonki Bay.

D32 Tonki Cape Western Gulf of Alaska, east coast The shores and nearshore waters of Tonki Cape are highly
of Afognak Island, on east shore productive. There are large kelp beds, and the shore is
(IDNR, Div. Parks) of Tonki Bay, 37 mi northeast of almost competely covered by intertidal organisms. The rich
Afognak and about 44 mi northwest marine environment provides habitat for a sea lion rookery
(11) of Kodiak. and concentrations of sea otters, harbor seals, and sea-
Lat.: 58'21' N. birds. Tonki Cape provides valuable habitat for many ter-
Long.: 151059' W. restrial mammals as well: elk summer and winter range,
Quad: Afognak. high-density deer winter range, intensively used feeding
ground for bears in spring and fall, and denning habitat
Area: 1,875 ac. for brown bears. The elk herd on Tonki Cape is the largest
on Afognak Island and the only one currently having a
stable population. Small mammals common to the area
include land otters, beavers, muskrats, red foxes, short-
tailed weasels, and an occasional marten. Tonki Cape is
rugged and scenic, with its many cliffs bearing the full
force of the Gulf of Alaska. In contrast to this rugged-
ness is the mosaic of vegetation that creates pastoral
scenes. The isolated, rugged nature of Tonki Cape in
conjunction with its abundant marine and terrestrial wild-
life results in a high wilderness value. The U.S. Forest
Service recommended that Tonki Cape be evaluated for
wilderness designation. Recreational use of this area is
low because of the absence of protected waters and the
scarcity of good anchorages. Hunters fly in to pursue elk,
deer, and bear.

D33 Anton Larsen Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Anton Larsen Bay is used as a launching site for boat trips
east coast of Kodiak Island; to Whale Island, Raspberry Island, Afognak Island, and
(DNR, [Div. Parks) extends 54 mi off Kizhuyak Bay, Raspberry Strait. A boat launch and parking area were con-
10 mi northwest of Kodiak. structed by DLOT/PF, Division of Waters and Ilarbors, on the
(11) Lat.: 57'52' N. west side of the bay. A good gravel road provides access
Long.: 152038' W. from Kodiak. Activities in the area include boating, fish-
Quad: Kodiak D-2. ing, hunting, camping, berry picking, and hiking. There
are three archaeological sites with Koniag historical sig-
Area: 1,765 ac. nificance. Larsen Island is a particularly beautiful area
Also includes Larsen Island and with its tree-lined beaches and cliffs. The scenery also
other islands in Anton Larsen Bay, includes the mountainous coastline surrounding the narrow,
the mouth of Red Cloud River, and curving bay, with offshore islands in the background.
surrounding ulplands. Wildlife in the area include seals and other marine
mammals, Sitka black-tailed deer, brown bears, various
small mammals, bald eagles, several species of ducks, and
tufted puffins, kittiwakes, and other seabirds in rooker-
ies. Red Cloud River contains steelheld trout and pink
chum, and silver salmon. Because of the deep water off the
west shore and road access, Anton Larsen Bay could be
considered for port development. The development of a boat
harbor has been discussed.

100

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed
Wilderness, recre- Federal lands, selected by State recreation area, lunting, trapping, and
ation; also scenic, the state. There is also managed by Division of sport fishing; water-
wildlife. a regional historical Parks with emphasis on dependent and water-
Illace selection. Mlanaged wilderness and water- related recreation;
by U.S. Forest Service oriented recreation. and offshore commer-
until the state receives ADF&G should be consult- cial fishing.
tentative approval. ed in the planning
stages to ensure protec-
tion of wildlife,
particularly elk.

Wildlife, wilder- Federal lands, but will be The Alaska Department of Uses that should be
ness; also scenic. conveyed to native corpo- Fish and Game, Division considered for allow-
rations; meanwhile, managed of Parks, and native ance under cooperative
for multiple use by the corporations should management include
U.S. Forest Service. Uses cooperatively manage the hunting and trapping,
include U.S. Coast Guard area to maintain, dispersed recreation,
lighthouse and hunting. research, and enhance and limited recreation
wildlife diversity and cabins.
the critical habitats of
elk, deer, brown bears,
and sea lions, and to
enhance wilderness
recreation.

Recreation, scenic; Federal lands, tentatively Recreation area, managed Recreation, including Timber harvesting.
also wildlife, approved to the state but cooperatively by the hunting and fishing;
heritage. selected by native corpo- Division of Parks, grazing in areas now
rations, and one homestead; Ouzinkie Native, Inc., under lease; and
managed by DNR, Division and all other concerned commercial and indus-
of Forest, Land, and Water parties. Or, attempts trial projects that do
Management, and U.S. should be made to pro- not significantly
Department of the Interior, vide development lands impact the scenic and
Bureau of Land Mlanagement, elsewhere for Oujinkie recreational values of
for cattle ranching. An Native, Inc., in the area and that use
industrial classification exchange for lands they mitigatory measures
covers the DOT/PF boat may control around Anton to protect these
ramp and parking area. Larsen Bay. Grazing values.
Uses also include recre- should be managed to
atien and grazing. protect Red Cloud River
from contamination and
to minimize conflicts
with recreationists.

101

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D34 Barabara Lake and Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Barabara Lake and Barabara Cove are used by residents of
Barabara Cove east coast of Kodiak Island off Port Lions for recreational and subsistence fishing and
west shore of Kizhuyak Bay, 18 mi hunting during the summer and fall and for snowmobiling in
(DNR, Div. Parks) west of Kodiak and 4 mi south of the winter. Port Lions guides also use this area for deer
Port Lions. and bear hunting. Kodiak residents, boating from nearby
(11) Lat.: 57�49' N. Anton Larsen Bay, visit Barabara Lake for its early run of
Long.: 152055' W. red salmon. Because the lake is close to Anton Larsen Bay
Quad: Kodiak. and requires no crossing of exposed capes, it receives a
fair amount of use from boaters all summer long. Along the
Area: 3,618 ac. shore there are some advantageous viewpoints where scenic
views of the encircling coves backed by lush green hills
are obtained. Barabara Lake has contrasting scenic set-
tings: the high alpine lake in the east and a pastoral
setting of undulating topography in the west. Wildlife
resources include whales, seals, and sea lions; rearing
area for shrimps and crabs; seabird rookeries; bears, deer,
beavers, land otters, red foxes, and short-tailed weasels;
and red and silver salmon, rainbow trout, and Dolly Varden
char.

D35 Boulder Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, east The most significant biological feature of Boulder Bay is
coast of Kodiak Island between Ugak the kittiwake rookery, which is one of the largest in the
(DNR, Div. Parks) Bay and Kiliuda Bay; extends north Kodiak archipelago and provides nesting habitat for up to
4 mi between Dangerous Cape and 100,000 kittiwakes. There is also a rookery for tufted
(11) Outer Right Cape, about 26 mi south puffins. Whales, harbor seals, and sea lions forage in
of Kodiak. the bay. Boulder Bay is also critical for the spawning and
Lat.: 57016. N. rearing of shrimps and is a major intertidal spawning area
Long.: 152045, W. for salmon. The creeks feeding into the bay host runs of
Quad: Kodiak B-3. chum and pink salmon. The uplands provide winter range
for Sitka black-tailed deer and habitat for brown bears,
Area: land otters, beavers, foxes, and weasels. There is some
recreational use of the area, primarily by residents of Old
Harbor. Boulder Bay provides opportunities for offshore
and streamside fishing, deer hunting, beachcombing, bird
watching, and picnicking. In this area the meeting of land
and sea is dramatically emphasized by rugged mountains and
bold cliffs encompassing a bay that is open to the pounding
seas of the Gulf of Alaska. An Eskimo village was located
at the head of Boulder Bay in 1805. The remote and rugged
nature of Boulder Bay offers exciting wilderness opportuni-
ties. There are many isolated campsites along the numerous
streams of the area.

D36 Buskin Lake, River, Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- The Buskin Lake, River, and Beach area is the most heavily
and Beach east coast of Kodiak Island, off used sport fishing area in the region because it is the
Chiniak Bay on west shore of most accessible, has a large run of coho salmon, and the
(DNR, Div. Parks) St. Paul Harbor, about 5 mi south- longest fishing season. About a third of the Kodiak area
west of Kodiak. sport fish salmon catch and over half of the Dolly Varden
(11) Lat.: 57046' N. catch are taken from the Buskin system. On some three-day
Long.: 152033. W. weekends around 200 people visit this area to dig razor
See also DI. Quad: Kodiak D-2. clams and other clams. Camping, beachcombing, and
picnicking are also popular here. The area is attractive
Area: 1,399 ac. with its backdrop of Barometer Mountain and coastline
panoramas which take in the many offshore islands in
Chiniak Bay. Near the mouth of the river, there was once
a small Russian settlement. Wildlife in the area include
brown bears, Sitka black-tailed deer, snowshoe hares, land
otters, muskrats, and squirrels; and waterfowl, shorebirds,
and ptarmigan.

102

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Federal lands, part tenta- Community park, managed Water-dependent and
scenic, wildlife. tively approved to the by state Division of water-related recre-
state, and all selected by Parks, Kodiak Island ation; hunting,
Port Lions, Inc. State Borough, and Port Lions, trapping, and sport
lands managed by DNR, Inc. Off-road use by fishing; and residen-
Division of Forest, Land, four-wheel drive tial development with
and Water Management, and vehicles and motorcycles setback controls and
federal lands by the Bureau should be closely greenbelts to protect
of Land Management. Uses managed to prevent the scenic and recre-
include recreation and damage to the beaches, ational values of the
subsistence. soils, and vegetation area.
of the area.

Wildlife; also The state has tentative ADFEG should evaluate Hunting, trapping, and Extensive resource
scenic, recreation, approval to the entire the area for protective sport fishing; and extraction.
heritage. area; no native selections. status recommendation to grazing.
Managed by DNR, Division the legislature, such as
of Forest, Land, and Water critical habitat to
Management, but not protect the kittiwake
classified or leased. Uses rookery. As the U.S.
include recreation. Fish and Wildlife
Service has management
authority for seabirds,
an agreement between
Fish and Wildlife and
ADF&G should be pursued.
Boat traffic should be
controlled to prevent
panic flights by the
seabirds.

Recreation; also Federal lands (U.S. Naval The state and Kodiak gost of the current
wildlife, scenic, Reservation). Koniag, Inc. Island Borough should uses can continue if
heritage. has filed a regional work with the Coast regulated to protect
selection. Managed by the Guard to ensure recreational values;
i.S. Coast Guard as a Coast continued public use of and residential
Juard station, with support the area. Management development if
facilities and housing. should focus on sport adequately set back
the Coast Guard allows fishing, rafting, and from the river.
public access to the picnicking.
river and lake system.
Buskin Lake is managed as
a public water supply for
the station. Uses also
include sport fishing and
Dther recreation and
subsistence set net fish-
ing. Adjacent to Kodiak
kirport.

103

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D37 Cape Chiniak Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Cape Chiniak is a favorite recreation area of Kodiak resi-
east coast of Kodiak Island at dents. Activities include fishing, deer and duck hunting,
(DNR, Div. Parks) south point of entrance to ohiniak camping, berry picking, boating, and hiking. Gravel roads
Bay, 15 mi southeast of Kodiak. provide access through much of the area. Cape Chiniak will
(11) Lat.: 57'37' N. be a primary stop for charter boat tours in the near
Long.: 152010' W. future. The U.S. Naval Reservation is closed to public
See also D55. Quad: Kodiak C-1. access by Koniag, Inc. The scenic qualities and landscape
diversity of the area are outstanding. Steep, rocky cliffs
Area: 2,111 ac. provide opportunities for views across Chiniak Bay to
Also includes Chiniak Lake, Lagoon, Kodiak and beyond. The landscape ranges from flowered
and Island, and smaller offshore meadows to dense forests and from pebble beaches to steep,
islands. rocky cliffs. Cape Chiniak, like Fort Abercrombie, was an
important strategic location for military observation posts
and gun emplacements during World War II. A complex of
military buildings in well-preserved condition remains.
The freshwaters of Cape Chiniak support steelhead and rain-
bow trout, Dolly Varden char, and salmon. The offshore
waters are important habitat for Dungeness, tanner, and
king crabs and support a major herring fishery. Chiniak
Island and a series of islets and shoals northeast of the
cape are habitat for sea otters and seals and serve as
rookeries for sea lions, puffins, and kittiwakes. Other
wildlife in the area include whales, brown bears, Sitka
black-tailed deer, foxes, rabbits, muskrats, red squirrels,
and bald eagles. Koniag, Inc. has promoted the use of Cape
Chiniak as a base for OCS oil exploration. Much of the
area could be suitable for residential development. The
forest has commercially valuable timber and may be used as
an experimental forest in a Job Corps training program
initiated by Koniag, Inc.

D38 Cliff Point Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- The Cliff Point area has a long history of recreational
east coast of Kodiak Island, on use. Picnic tables and a shelter are there, and road
(UNR, Div. Parks) west shore of Chiniak Bay between access to the beach is established. Popular activities
Womens Bay and Middle Bay, 5 mi include fishing, beachcombing, camping, picnicking, bird
(11) southwest of Kodiak. watching, and driving four-wheel drive vehicles. Canoeing
Lat.: 57'43' N. and kayaking occur amid the offshore islands, and small
See also DI, D55. Long.: 152027' W. game are trapped and hunted in the hills. While Cliff
Quad: Kodiak C-2. Point has all-around high recreational values, it is par-
ticularly notable as an ideal campground. In recognition
Area: 1,677 ac. of these values, the Borough Recreation Plan calls for the
Includes the major portion of the development of recreational facilities in the area. Scenic
peninsula between Womens and Middle values at Cliff Point are also high. The jagged rocks of
bays, and Blodgett and Zaimka the bluffs provide a strong visual contrast with the gentle
islands. uplands. There are panoramic views of the coast and
mountains around Chiniak Bay. World War II relics include
the remains of several quonset huts and small equipment.
According to some residents, Cliff Point is a prime spot
for watching birds and marine mammals from the road. Wild-
life common to the Cliff Point area include Sitka black-
tailed deer, land otters, beavers, red foxes, weasels,
waterfowl, and shorebirds.

104

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Federal government surplus Recreation area, cooper- Recreation, including
scenic, wildlife, property owned by the atively managed by DNR, hunting and fishing;
historic. Department of D)efense (U.S. Division of Parks, and grazing in areas now
Naval Reservation). Area Koniag, Inc. Integra- under lease; Job Corps
currently under the control tion of recreation Center and their
of Koniag, Inc. through a management into the Job training exercises,
contractual agreement with Corps training program such as timber manage-
Leisnoi, Inc. Naval Reser- should also be explored. ment; and timber
vation currently managed by harvesting behind the
Koniag, Inc., under con- Observation Station if
tractual agreement with managed to be compati-
Department of Defense and ble with recreation on
Woody Island, Inc. Uses adjacent lands.
include recreation, U.S.
Coast Guard navigation
light, grazing, gravel
landing strip, White Alice
station, communications
site, and gravel roads.

Scenic; also recre- Federal surplus property State recreation area Recreation and inter-
ation, historical, owned and managed by the or wayside to protect pretive activities;
wildlife. Department of Defense (U.S. recreational activities hunting, trapping, and
Naval Reservation). The and World War II relics, sport fishing; scien-
majority of the area will or similar cooperative tific research; and
probably be conveyed to management if native and residential development
Koniag, Inc., and the borough conveyances are with setback controls
remaining lands may be made. Off-road use of and greenbelts to
conveyed to the state. four-wheel drive protect the scenic and
The Department of Defense vehicles and motorcycles recreational values of
provides public access to should be closely the area.
the area. Uses include managed to prevent
U.S. Coast Guard naviga- further damage to the
tion lights and recreation. thin, erodable soils
Zoned low-density residen- and vegetation.
tial by the borough.

105

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D)39 Dry Spruce Bay and Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north There are abundant, ideal anchorages at Dry Spruce Bay, so
Islands coast of Kodiak Island on the area is visited by a fair number of boaters traveling
Kupreanof Strait, about 25 mi � through Kupreanof Strait. Dry Spruce Bay also has the
(DNR, Div. Parks) northwest of Kodiak. potential to support saltwater fishing, camping, and beach-
Lat.: 57057' N. combing. The scenery is outstanding: small protected bays
(11) Long.: 153'03' W. bordered with light-colored beaches, framed by tall Sitka
Quad: Kodiak. spruce, and backed by the mountains of Raspberry and Kodiak
islands. Dry Spruce Bay and the islands also display
Area: 3,612 ac. scenic contrasts: the pounding surf along the beaches, the
extensive mountain and coastal panoramas, the secluded and
charming nature of a tall spruce forest opening up into
flower-covered meadows, and the grass- and tundra-covered
outer islands. Wildlife in and around the area include
whales, sea lions, and seals; about 1,200 tufted puffins in
an island rookery; Sitka black-tailed deer, brown bears,
land otters, beavers, and weasels; waterfowl; and king
salmon in one stream. Kupreanof Strait is a tanner crab
nursery. The forest around Dry Spruce Bay could support a
sustained timber operation. Soils and slopes are general-
ly favorable for residential and community development.

D40 Eagle Harbor Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, east The Eagle Harbor area is popular for bear and deer hunting.
coast of Kodiak Island on south If boat-launching facilities are established on the north
(DNR, Div, Parks) shore of Ugak Bay, about 28 mi side of Ugak Bay, thereby connecting to the Kodiak road
southeast of Kodiak. system, more of the recreational opportunities of Eagle
(11) Lat.: S7025'4S" N. Harbor will be realized. These include pleasure boating,
Long.: 152043'30" W. beachcombing, berry picking, camping, and sport fishing.
Quad: Kodiak D-3. The expansive, sandy beaches, the glittering stands of
cottonwood in a wide valley, and the mountains across Ugak
Area: 4,482 ac. Bay all offer scenic contrast, depth, and beauty from many
viewpoints. Eagle Harbor is on a major whale migration
route, so sightings are frequent. Other wildlife common to
this area include harbor seals; brown bears, Sitka black-
tailed deer, land otters, beavers, red foxes, and short-
tailed weasels; and waterfowl and seabirds. Eagle Harbor
is a major intertidal spawning area for salmon, and pink,
chum, and silver salmon spawn in the streams. The area is
historically significant, as it is the site of a former
Eskimo village and trading post. There is some concern as
to whether or not the area is also the site of a former
Russian Orthodox church. The grasslands could support a
commercial cattle operation.

D41 Erskine house Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Erskine House is a scenic, architectural feature in urban
east coast of Kodiak Island, in Kodiak. It is the only structure in Alaska known to be
(DNR, Div. Parks) Kodiak. associated with both the Russian American Company and the
Lat.: 57�48'18" N. Alaska Commercial Company, commercial enterprises that were
(11) Long.: 152�24902" W. controlling factors in Russian and early American adminis-
Quad: Kodiak D-2. trations. As such, the building represents significant
See also D44. factors in Alaska history. Alaska Commercial Company
Area: 1.4 ac. ownership and use of the building continued until 1911 when
the company's Kodiak properties were sold to Wilbur J.
Erskine, "an old and valued employee." The City of Kodiak
acquired the building and it is now an historical museum.
Erskine house was designated as a National Historic Land-
mark in 1962.

106

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Scenic; also recre- Mostly federal lands, Dispersed recreational Residential, commer-
ation, wildlife, managed by Bureau of Land area, cooperatively cial, and industrial
Management; all selected managed by Port Lions, development if regula-
by individual natives and Inc .and DNR, Division ted to preserve the
Port Lions, Inc. The few of Parks, to protect scenic value of the
small parcels of state land the scenery as viewed area; dispersed recre-
have been leased or sold from a boat. Mitigatory ation; hunting and
for homesites. Uses measures as to location, sport fishing; and
include recreation, home- color, form, and texture timber harvesting
sites, and major offshore of new construction using U.S. Forest
salmon and tanner crab should be required. Service multiple use
fisheries. Port Lions, Inc. or the and resource protec-
Kodiak Island Borough tion practices to
should consider a 200-ft protect the scenery as
greenbelt for lands seen from the shore
along the coast. and key viewpoints.

Scenic, recreation; The state has received Alaska State Park System Recreation; hunting, Extensive resource
also wildlife, tentative approval to most as a marine wayside, in trapping, and sport extraction.
historical. lands in the area; managed anticipation of boat fishing; and grazing
by DNR, Division of Forest, launching facilities if regulated to pro-
Land, and Water Management, being built on the north tect public recreation-
and classified for range side of Ugak Bay, with al values and access.
management. Kodiak Island emphasis on dispersed
Borough has selected the and marine-related
lands. Koniag, Inc. has recreation. Historical
selected the area as an subsistence use should
historical place. There also be protected.
are also private homeeite Livestock grazing could
leases and lands. Uses be accommodated; the
include sport fishing and open, park-like quality
hunting. of pasture lands could
be considered a scenic
asset.

Historic; also The City of Kodiak owns the To protect the historic Activities that do not
scenic. property and the building. and scenic integrity of adversely impact the
The Kodiak Historical the site, the City of historic and scenic
Society operates the Kodiak and the Kodiak integrity of the area.
building as a museum. Island Borough in their
regional planning
efforts should consider
designating this area,
in conjunction with the
adjacent Hloly Resur-
rection Church, as an
historic district.

107

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

142 (;ibson Cove Southwestern (Guhlf of Alaska, north- Because of the proximity of Gibson Cove to Kodiak and its
cast coast of Kodiak Island on southerly orientation, swimming is popular here. Offshore
(DNR, Div. Parks) Chiniak Bay, St. Paul Harbor, fishing, picnicking, beachcombing, and crabbing are also
1.5 mi southwest of Kodiak. Popular. A few business persons from Kodiak often take
(11) Lat.: 57047' N. their lunch break here to enjoy a stroll along the beach.
Long.: 152027' W. The nestled nature of the cove gives one a sense of getting
See also D1. Quad: Kodiak B-2. away from it all while being very close to home. The
distant view to the south is of the U.S. Coast Guard
Area: 28 ac. station encompassed by the inland mountains and the sea.
Openings through the rock cliffs afford scenic panoramas of
the offshore islands. The scenic quality is, however,
diminishing with the accumulation of trash. There is one
archaeological site in the area. Before being eroded by
the sea, it yielded artifacts of the Kachemak tradition.
Gibson Cove is accessible by gravel road. The cove is
logistically suitable for industrial expansion and commer-
cial fishing operations, and was once considered for the
location of a small boat harbor.

D43 Hidden Basin Southwestern Gulf of Alaska; east Hidden Basin is encircled by mountains and has only a
coast of Kodiak Island at head of narrow opening to the sea. The basin is one of the more
(DNR, Div. Parks) Ugak Bay, about 28 mi southwest of popular areas for hunting bears, deer, mountain goats, and
Kodiak. ducks. It is also one of the few areas in the Kodiak
(11) Lat.: 57030' N. archipelago where all the preferred game species, excluding
Long.: 152056' W. elk, occur and can be hunted successfully. Fishing off-
Quads: Kodiak B-3, C-3. shore and along the streams are accompanying recreational
activities. The protected basin provides good anchorage
Area: 6,910 ac. for boats and easy landing for floatplanes. The scenic
quality of the area is exceptionally high. The open lands
and waters along the basin and in the valleys provide a
pastoral feeling that is dramatically contrasted by the
rugged mountains encircling the area. Remoteness from
human development, diversity of environment, and high
scenic quality result in a high wilderness value. In ad-
dition to big game species, the area supports seals and sea
lions, which haul out on the rocks in the basin; land
otters, beavers, red foxes, rabbits, and weasels; water-
fowl; chum, coho, and king salmon in the major stream; and
clams and king crab. Lakes in the area may be suitable for
hydroelectric power generation. Other resources include
grasslands suitable for cattle grazing, soils suitable for
development, deep water for port development, and lodes of
gold, arsenic, and lead.

044 Holy Resurrection Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- The Holy Resurrection Russian Orthodox Church, constructed
Church east coast of Kodiak Island, in in 1945, is one of the dominant architectural features and
Kodiak. scenic attractions in Kodiak. The blue onion dome on the
(DNR, Div. Parks) Lat.: 57047'20" N. church is visible from many points in the city. Oil tanks
Long.: 152�24'05" W. infringe upon the scenic integrity of the site when viewed
(11) Quad: Kodiak D-2. from nearby points. The Russian Orthodox have maintained a
church in Kodiak since 1796. The building is an excellent
See also D41. Area: 2.69 ac. example of the apsidal and transept ground plan, one of
five designs allowed for Russian Orthodox churches in
Alaska. The church was listed in the National Register of
Historic Places in 1977. The interior furnishings include
an icon of the Holy Resurrection brought from Russia in
1794 by Monk Herman, the first saint in North America.

108

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Federal lands (U.S. Naval The Kodiak Island Day recreation; and
scenic. Reservation) managed by Borough and the City of commercial and indus-
Department of Defense, Kodiak should jointly trial projects that do
selected by the Natives of acquire title or lease not significantly
Kodiak; federal government the area, or coopera- impact the scenic and
holds gravel road right-of- tively manage the area recreational values of
way entering Gibson Cove. with the Natives of the area and that use
The state has filed a Kodiak, if they gain mitigatory measures to
reserve use request for the title, to establish a protect these values.
western section. Uses community day-use park.
include recreation and
storage of king crab pots.

Recreation, wild- Private property on south Alaska State Park System Recreational and Extensive resource
life; also scenic. side of the basin, classi- as a marine wayside, if scientific activities; extraction unless
fied for range management. lands are retained by and hunting, trapping, deemed acceptable by
Rest of lands tentatively the state. In recogni- and sport fishing. review.
approved to the state but tion of the valuable big
selected by Bell Flats game habitat, ADF&G
Natives, Inc. and Kodiak should play an active
Island Borough; managed by role in planning for the
DNR, Division of Forest, wayside.
Land, and Water Management,
for private recreation
sites under lease and for
range. Uses include
recreation and cattle
grazing.

Historic; also The Orthodox Church in To protect the historic Those that would not
scenic. North America owns and and scenic integrity of adversely impact the
manages the property and the site, the City of historic and scenic
building. Kodiak and the Kodiak integrity of the site.
Island Borough in their
regional planning
efforts should consider
designating this area,
in conjunction with the
nearby Erskine House, as
an historic district.

109

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D45 Icon Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- A significant historic site named New Valaam is in the Icon
east coast of Kodiak Island on Bay area. New Valaam is associated with St. Herman and the
(ItNR, Div. Parks) southeast coast of Spruce [sland, Russian Orthodox Church. Father Herman, one of the first
about 6 mi north of Kodiak. group of Orthodox missionaries who arrived at Kodiak in
(11) Lat.: 57054' N. 1794, lived and worked some 35 years at the site, until his
Long.: 1520202 W. death in 1837. From 1799 to 1839, a Russian settlement was
See also Di. Quad: Kodiak D-2. at the site; it was recognized as the official experimental
station for growing vegetables the Russians wished to
Area: 4,999 ac. introduce in Alaska. Father Herman operated the first
orphanage in the territory here, as well as a school. fie
was canonized in 1970, making him the first Russian
Orthodox saint of North America. Entry of the site in the
National Register of Historic Places is pending. Icon Bay
has a peaceful, serene setting of primeval, park-like
forest bordering beautiful rocky beaches. Recreation at
Icon Bay includes boating, beachcombing, observing inter-
tidal life, sport fishing, and occasional hunting of ducks,
deer, and small mammals. Wildlife in and around the area
include whales, seals, and sea lions; brown bears, deer,
land otters, beavers, red foxes, and snowshoe hares; tufted
puffins and glaucous-winged gulls in rookeries; waterfowl;
and, in a small stream, silver and red salmon. Other
resources include soils and slopes suitable for develop-
ment, grazing lands, and timber.

D46 Isthmus Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Isthmus Bay is the only bay between Cape Chiniak and Kalsin
east coast of Kodiak Island, off Bay with noteworthy indentations and protection. There are
(DNR, Div. Parks) Chiniak Bay between Isthmus Point several informal campsites along the sandy beaches. Beach
and Midway Point, 11 mi south of access points along the road are almost continuous, and use
(11) Kodiak. of the area appears to be longstanding. Recreational
Lat.: 57'37' N. activities engaged in are fishing, beachcombing, hunting
See also DI, D55. Long.: 152018' W. (primarily ptarmigan and deer), boating, camping, hiking,
Quad: Kodiak C-1. and observing wildlife. Roslyn Creek may be suitable for a
small boat ramp. Charter boat tours may include the off-
Area: 1,781 ac. shore bird rookeries in the future. Scenic values are very
Also includes Isthmus Point, shore high: the combination of light, sandy beaches in proximity
of Kalsin Bay from the point to to dense spruce forests is unusual for Kodiak. The view
Brookers Lagoon, Roslyn Creek, Fork from Isthmus Point toward Cape Chiniak is spectacular. The
Twin Creek, and Midway Point. area is also an important link in maintaining the present
quality of the scenic drive from Kodiak to Cape Chiniak.
There is an archaeological site in the area, but most of it
has been washed away. Wildlife in the area include seals
and sea lions; kittiwakes and tufted puffins in rookeries;
deer, brown bears, and small mammals; waterfowl; tanner
crab, king crab, and herring; and chum, silver, and pink
salmon and trout in Roslyn Creek.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Historic, scenic; State ewns tidelands. To protect the historic Water-dependent and
also recreation, liplands owned by Ouzinkie and scenic integrity of water-related recre-
wildlife. Native, Inc., but two the area, particularly ation; and timber
Indian allotment appropri- tie imtediate environs harvesting using US.
ations are still pending. of the historic site. Forest Service multi-
Ouzinkie has joined COMCOR, Dispersed recreation ple use and resource
a native logging company, along the shore should protection practices,
so this area will probably also be a management with timber sales
be managed for its forest guide. landscaped and on the
resources. Grazing order of patch clear-
leases issued before cuts to protect the
conveyance are still in scenery as seen from
effect. Uses include the shore and key
recreation and historic viewpoints.
site.

Recreation; also State and private lands. Recreation wayside Recreation, including Off-road vehicle use
scenic, wildlife. Lands tentatively approved managed by DNR, Division hunting and fishing; and timber harvesting.
to the state have also been of Parks, with the and residential
selected by Kodiak Island possibility of transfer development with
Borough, individual to, or cooperative setback controls and
natives, and Leisnoi, Inc.; management with, the greenbelts to protect
meanwhile administered by Kodiak Island Borough the scenic and
DNR, Division of Forest, for similar management. recreational values of
Land, and Water Management, Homesites and trade and the area.
with grazing leases and manufacturing sites
applications for same, and should continue to be
a reserved use request for used for these purposes.
public recreation. Private
lands used for homesites.
There is a patented,
undeveloped trade and
manufacturing site. Uses
include recreation,
grazing, and DOT/PF
material source site and
highway reconstruction.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D)47 kalsin Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Kalsin Bay resembles Middle Bay to its immediate north in
east coast of Kodiak Island; some respects, except that it is larger and deeper. Along
(DNR. Div. Parks) extends southwest 6 mi off Chiniak with Cape Chiniak, Kalsin Bay is one of the most popular
Bay, 10 mi south of Kodiak. remote recreation areas accessible via the road system.
(11) Lat.: 57040' N. There are several well-established, well-used public access
Long.: 152o21' W. points from the road to the beach. Many of these have
See also Di, D7, Quad: Kodiak C-2. picnic tables and informal campsites. Fishing offshore and
D55. along Olds River, hunting ducks and ptarmigan, picnicking,
Area: 7,035 ac. boating, camping, clamming at Brookers Lagoon, and berry
Includes the waters, islands, and picking are all popular here. Trails connect Kalsin Bay to
uplands of the inner half or so of Portage Bay and Pasagshak Bay. Kalsin Bay has the most
Kalsin Bay, southwest of a line outstanding scenery of all the bays along the Kodiak road
between the northeast shores of system. Viewpoints along the sea cliffs and beach afford
Jug Island and Brookers Lagoon. beautiful panoramas of the coast framed by the Marine
Range. The islands serve as rookeries for kittiwakes,
puffins, gulls, and arctic and Aleutian terns; the terns
are generally uncommon around Kodiak. Wildlife in the area
also include marine mammals; deer, brown bears, beavers,
and foxes; waterfowl, including swans; and eagles. Kalsin
Bay is an important king crab nursery, and the four streams
feeding the bay in this area support salmon, trout, and
Dolly Varden char. There is one archaeological site, which
contained remnants of a Koniag fish camp.

D48 Kizhuyak Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north Kizhuyak Bay is visited by boaters from Anton Larsen Bay
coast of Kodiak Island; extends and Port Lions. Recreational activities include camping,
(DNR, Div. Parks) off Marmot Bay, east of Whale fishing, deer and duck hunting, and beachcombing. Recre-
Island, about iS mi west of Kodiak. ational use of this area is expected to increase once a
(11) Lat.: 57�44' N. road from the Terror Lake Hydroelectric Project to the head
Long.: 1520511 W. of the bay is constructed. This road, in conjunction with
See also D15. Quad: Kodiak C-3. trails along the powerline connecting to the Anton Larsen
Bay Road, will also open up Kodiak's interior mountains to
Area: 3,536 ac. recreation. The scenery at Kizhuyak Bay includes the long,
Includes the head of the bay, from narrow approach of the bay flanked by mountainous country,
Dovolno Point south, and surround- as well as extensive mountain and coastline panoramas.
ing uplands. Wildlife in this area of Kizhuyak Bay include whales,
seals, and sea lions; brown bears, deer, land otters,
beavers, muskrats, red foxes, and short-tailed weasels;
tufted puffins (nesting habitat); silver and pink salmon in
Kizhuyak River; and shrimps and crabs (rearing area).

112

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Federal, state, and private Continue to manage to Recreation, including
scenic, wildlife. lands. Most lands tenta- protect grazing, cournmer- hunting and fishing;
tively approved to the cial fishing, and grazing and fish
state have also been recreation. Some processing in areas
selected by Kodiak Island portion should be a now under lease;
Borough and Leisnoi, Inc.; recreation area or way- commercial and indus-
managed by DNR, Division of side cooperatively trial projects that
Forest, Land, and Water managed by state Divi- would not significant-
Management. Remaining sion of Parks and Kodiak ly impact the scenic
federal lands have been Island Borough. Devel- and recreational
selected by the state; opments should be set values of the area and
managed by Bureau of Land back from the shore and that use mitigatory
Management and let for provide public access measures to ensure
grazing. Private lands to ensure protection of protection of these
used for cattle ranching, scenic and recreational values; and cattle
homesites, and a roadside values. The borough and homesite develop-
inn. Other uses include should classify lands ment on private lands.
recreation, highway mainte- along the highway as
nance station, and greenbelt. Off-road
commercial fishing. vehicles should be
managed to prevent
damage to vegetation
and soils.

Recreation; also Most lands tentatively Parts of this area Ilunting, trapping, and
scenic, wildlife. approved to the state but should be held in trust sport fishing; other
selected by Port Lions, for development of a recreation; gravel
Inc. and Kodiak Island recreation area commen- extraction for roads,
Borough; managed by DNR, surate with the Terror but in a manner that
Division of Forest, Land, Lake Hydroelectric would not significantly
and Water Management, who Project, and coopera- affect the scenic
administer a lease tively managed by Port values; and commercial
application for road and Lions, Inc., Kodiak and industrial pro-
utility corridors to the Island Borough, and DNR, jects that would not
Terror Lake Hydroelectric Division of Parks. significantly impact
Project. Uses include Developed recreation, scenic and recreational
recreation, transportation with provisions for off- values and that
corridor, and commercial road vehicle use, should would use mitigatory
fishing. be emphasized in manage- measures to protect
ment of the area. these values.

113

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D49 Long Island Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Long Island has seven identified historical sites. Besides
east of Kodiak Island between Koniag sites, there are remains of 75 years of Russian
(DNR, l)iv. Parks) Chiniak Bay and Gulf of Alaska, occupancy; of World War I1 defense efforts, such as gun
5 mi east of Kodiak. emplacements and observation posts; and of fox farms. Most
(11) Lat.: 57046' N. significant, and on the National Register of 11istoric
Long.: 152017, W. Places, is a site associated with a subsidiary industry of
See also D1. Quad: Kodiak D-1. the Russian American Company, brick making. Bricks were
used as ballast in company ships, in buildings, stoves, and
Area: 1,462 ac. the Russian bath houses. Long Island has been a long-time
Also includes smaller islands and favorite of Kodiak recreationists, who boat to the area for
waters to 1.5 mi. freshwater and saltwater sport fishing, crabbing, beach-
combing, picnicking, rabbit hunting, berry picking, hiking,
and camping. The grassy slopes, black rock cliffs,
brilliant wildflowers, and quiet, secluded lakes of Long
Island compose a pastoral setting which is contrasted by
the open exposure of the island to the pounding surf. The
northeastern tip of the island serves as pupping ground
for a few seals and as a rookery for 50-75 sea lions. The
islands in Cook Bay (west coast of Long Island) are rooker-
ies for tufted puffins, pelagic cormorants, black-legged
kittiwakes, and rhinoceros auklets; this is the only breed-
ing site in the Kodiak area for the rhinoceros auklet.
Other wildlife values include whales, seals, and sea lions;
critical rearing habitat for king crab; nesting habitat for
bald eagles; winter range for Sitka black-tailed deer; and
beavers, muskrats, land otters, red foxes, short-tailed
weasels, and snowshoe hares. The lakes on Long Island are
stocked with coho salmon, rainbow trout, and Dolly Varden
char. Cattle ranching was active here in the mid 1900's,
and a few half-wild cattle and a herd of horses still
remain on the island.

DS0 Middle Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Middle Bay is the most popular clamming area near Kodiak.
east coast of Kodiak Island; It is also popular for fishing, hunting, picnicking,
(DNR, Div. Parks) extends 5 mi off Chiniak Bay camping, pleasure boating, berry picking, and hiking.
between Broad Point and Cliff Several picnic sites have been developed along the roads
(11) Point, 8 mi south of Kodiak. around Middle Bay. Ilappy Beach, on the north shore of
Coordinates for Little Cove, at Middle Bay, has picnic tables, a baseball field, and a
See also DI, DS5. head of Middle Bay: shelter which have been provided through local efforts.
Lat.: 57039' N. The landscape around Middle Bay is gentle and pastoral,
Long.: 152030' W. and is backed by snow-capped mountains toward the interior
Quad: Kodiak C-2. of Kodiak Island. Wildlife in this area include brown
bears, deer, small mammals, eagles, waterfowl, including
Area: 4,623 ac. swans, shorebirds, and, in the American River, salmon,
Includes the northwest shore and rainbow and steelhead trout, and Dolly Varden char. The
head of the bay and surrounding small Aleutian tern rookery at the dead of the bay is an
uplands, with such features as uncommon rookery for Kodiak Island. Off-road vehicles
Ilappy Beach, Little Cove, Salt have been damaging the hillsides.
Creek, American River, and the
eastern slopes of Heitman Mountain
and Raymond Peak.

114

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Heitage, recro- Southeastern half of the Recreation area or Water-dependent and
atioll; also scenic, island tentatively approved marine wayside, cooper- water-related recre-
wildlife. to the state, and selected atively managed by ation; grazing if
by Kodiak Island Burough Leislloi, Inc. and IDNR, regulated to protect
and Leisnoi, Inc.; managed D)ivision of ';larks. The public recreational
by DNR, Division of Forest, integrity of the one- values and access; and
Land, and Water Management, acre historic site timber harvesting
part leased for grazing. should be preserved using U.S. Forest
Other half is in federal regardless of manage- Service multiple use
ownership with Leisnoi, ment intentions for the and resource pro-
Inc. selections; managed by rest of the area. tection practices so
Bureau of Land Management. that timber sales are
Portions zoned for rural landscaped and on the
residential development. order of patch clear-
Uses include recreation cuts to protect the
and grazing. scenery as seen from
the shore and key
viewpoints.

Recreation; also Most lands are federal, A portion of the area Recreation, including
scenic, wildlife. managed by Department of should be a recreation hunting and fishing;
Defense (U.S. Naval Reser- area or wayside cooper- grazing and fish
vation) and Bureau of Land atively managed by DNR, processing in areas
Management; selected by Division of Parks, now under lease; and
both the state and native Kodiak Island Borough, residential develop-
corporations. Remaining and the eventual owner. ment with setback
lands are private and are Other lands should controls and green-
used for cattle ranching. continue to be managed belts to protect the
[lead of the bay zoned to protect grazing and scenic and recreation-
industrial and leased for recreation. Off-road al values.
SS yr by Middle Bay Fisher- vehicle use should be
ies. Other uses include regulated.
recreation.

115

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutains

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

U51 Monashka Creek and Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Monashka Bay is heavily used for day recreation, including
Mlonashka Bay east coast of Kodiak Island; creek sport fishing, boating, picnicking, beachcombing, berry
flows to northwest corner of head picking, deer and ptarmigan hunting, and scenic and off-
(DNR, Div. Parks) of Monashka Bay, 3.7 mi northwest road driving. The area around Monashka Creek has much
of Kodiak. scenic diversity. Monashka Mountain provides a dramatic
(11) Lat.: 57�50' N. backdrop, the grass and wildflowers provide a dash of
Long.: 152026' W. color, and the open waters of Monashka Bay afford views of
See also Dl. Quad: Kodiak B-2. the heavily forested peninsula north of Kodiak. Monashka
Bay is vital king crab rearing habitat. Wildlife in and
Area: 616 ac. around the area include whales, seals, and sea lions;
Includes the lower part and mouth puffins and cormorants in rookeries; deer, brown bears,
of Monashka Creek and the north land otters, red foxes, snowshoe hares, and short-tailed
shore of Monashka Bay. weasels; and freshwater and saltwater sport fish.
Engineering has been completed for a dam at Monashka Creek
and power transmission lines have been installed. This
area has been identified as suitable for residential
development and community expansion, an OCS oil and gas
terminal site, and liquefied natural gas facilities. Two
archaeological sites relating to the Koniag are in this
area.

D052 Narrow Cape Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, east Narrow Cape, accessible by way of a gravel road, receives
coast of Kodiak Island at east significant recreational use, including camping, sport
(DNR, Div. Parks) point of entrance to Ugak Bay, 3 mi fishing, beach strolling, small game hunting, picnicking,
north of Ugak Island and about and pleasure driving on the many side roads. The cape
(11) 25 mi southeast of Kodiak. would be an ideal place for horseback riding. An unusual
Lat.: 57c25' N. accumulation of fossils in the area makes beachcombing
Long.: 152020' W. exciting and attracts many people. The openness of the
Quads: Kodiak B-l, 2. grasslands, estuaries, lagoons, and sand spits results in
high scenic values. Seals and sea lions haul out on the
Area: 3,492 ac. nearby rocks. Narrow Cape is at the crossroad of whale
Includes, in addition to Narrow migration routes, so whale sightings are common. Mammals
Cape, Barry Lagoon and Twin Lakes. on the cape include brown bears, deer, land otters,
beavers, red foxes, and weasels. The lagoons and lakes are
stocked with silver salmon, Dolly Varden char, and rainbow
trout; Barry Lagoon is a productive system for silver and
pink salmon. Narrow Cape is an important cattle grazing
area. The U.S. Coast Guard has a lease application for a
communication site at Narrow Cape covering portions of
sections 5 and 32.

D53 Pasagshak Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, east Pasagshak Bay is the most popular remote camping and fish-
coast of Kodiak Island; extends ing spot of Kodiak residents. Other recreational uses of
(DNR, Div. Parks) 3 mi off Ugak Bay north of the area include hunting of deer, small game, and ducks,
Pasagshak Point, about 24 mi south beachcombing, picnicking, and driving off-road vehicles.
(11) of Kodiak. There are picnic tables, trails, and private recreational
Lat.: 57026' N. cabins. The scenery includes extensive panoramas of the
Long.: 152029' W. beach and of mountains across Ugak Bay and beyond. Steep,
Quads: Kodiak B-1, 2. scarred cliffs rise along the west side of the bay. Wild-
life in the Pasagshak Bay area include whales and harbor
Area: 4,242 ac. seals; pelagic cormorants and tufted puffins in rookeries;
Includes mainly the east shore and brown bears, deer, land otters, beavers, red foxes, and
head of Pasagshak Bay and surround- short-tailed weasels; hundreds of eagles; a variety of
ing uplands, with Lake Rose Tead. wintering waterfowl; red, silver, and pink salmon; and
razor clams, shrimps, king crab, and tanner crab. Four
archaeological sites pertaining to the Koniag are in the
area; their significance has not been determined.

116

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Lands tentatively approved Public recreation area Water-dependent and
scenic, wildlife. to the state but selected and watershed, cooper- water-related recre-
by tluzinkie Native, Inc. atively managed by the ation; heavy industry
and Kodiak Island Borough; native corporations and and extraction of
will probably be turned DNR, Division of Parks. resources, but only
over to borough as a water- Recreation development east of Monashka Creek
shed. Managed by DNR, at Monashka Creek would and toward Termination
Division of Forest, Land, complement those at Point; and other
and Water Management, and Pillar Creek (D54), commercial and
Department of Transporta- particularly because a industrial projects
tion and Public Facilities boat ramp is more that would not signi-
(road). Uses include feasible here than at ficantly impact the
recreation and water supply Pillar Creek. water supply and
for Kodiak. scenic and recreation-
al values of the area
and that would use
mitigatory measures to
protect these values.

Recreation; also Federal lands, managed by Recreation and livestock Those that do not nega- Extensive resource
wildlife. Bureau of Land Management grazing, cooperatively tively affect the extraction, unless
for grazing and Coast managed by state scenic and recreational deemed acceptable by
Guard for a communication Division of Parks and values of the area, review.
site, some selected by federal Bureau of Land including grazing if
state; and private lands. Management if state does fences and step ladders
Uses include recreation and not obtain ownership. over fences are used
grazing. The open, park-like to keep cattle away
quality of pasture lands and provide access to
could be considered a the beach and recre-
scenic asset in certain ation facilities during
areas. Off-road use by the summer.
four-wheel drive
vehicles and motorcycles
should be managed to
prevent damage to
beaches, soils, and
vegetation.

Recreation; also Mostly federal lands State park or state Recreation, including
scenic, wildlife, selected by Bells Flats recreation area, or if hunting and fishing;
beritage. Natives, Inc.; managed by Bells Flats Natives, grazing except at
Bureau of Land Management Inc. receives title, a camping areas or along
with much leased for cooperative management portions of the beach
grazing. State lands agreement for public and lake; and existing
managed by ADF&G which recreation should be private residences.
purchased a 5-ac public adopted. The majority
recreation site for sport' of the lands would still
fishing. Private lands be open to livestock
used for recreation and production. Further
grazing. residential development
should be seriously
reviewed.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D54 Pillar Creek and Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Pillar Creek is a popular day use area, visited by over
Monashka Bay east coast of Kodiak Island; creek a thousand people each summer for sport fishing along the
flows to southeast corner of streams and shores, picnicking, boating, beachcombing,
(DNR, Div. Parks) Monashka Bay, 2 mi northwest of driving along the road, and, less frequently, deer and
Kodiak. ptarmigan hunting and camping overnight. There are
(11) Lat.: 57049' N. undeveloped picnic areas, trails, and vehicle campsites.
Long.: 152�25' W. Twin-peaked Devils Prongs and dark-green Spruce Island
See also Dl. Quad: Kodiak C-1. provide scenic focal points. Wildlife in the area include
whales, seals, and sea lions; a cormorant rookery; dense
Area: 294 ac. concentrations of waterfowl in spring and summer; brown
Includes the lower part and mouth bears, deer, land otters, beavers, red foxes, snowshoe
of Pillar Creek and adjacent hares, and weasels; silver salmon, pink salmon, and Dolly
shoreline along Monashka Bay. Varden char in Pillar Creek; and tanner crab, king crab,
and clams. The Pillar Creek lake and stream system has
been suggested as a fish hatchery site. Other values are
suitability for terminal for OCS oil and gas development,
liquefied natural gas facilities, community expansion, and
industrialization.

D55 Road to Cape Chiniak Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, on The Road to Cape Chiniak runs along several of the embay-
northeast coast of Kodiak Island; ments and points of land along Chiniak Bay, including
(DNR, Div. Parks) beginning of road is about 10 mi Womens Bay (D61), Cliff Point (D38), Middle Bay (D50),
south of Kodiak. Kalsin Bay (D47), Isthmus Bay (D46), and Cape Chiniak
(11) Coordinates: (D37). A favorite pastime of Kodiak residents is to go
From 57�42' N, 152o33' W, to for a drive out the road. Along the way there is excellent
See also Dl, D7, 57037' N, 152010' W. sport fishing, clamming, and beachcombing. Many of the
D37, D38, D46, D47, Quads: Kodiak C-l, 2. beaches are furnished with picnic tables, and some have
DO50, 061. ballplaying facilities. Hunting and camping also occur in
Area: 45 mi long and about 35 ft a regular basis along the road. There are splendid views
wide. of snow-capped mountains, extensive coastline panoramas,
broad, flat beaches at the heads of the bays, steep cliffs
plunging to the sea, and bright green, grassy slopes.
Groves of trees and patches of wildflowers add a charming
element to the more expansive views. There are several
archaeological and historic sites along the road. Wildlife
and other values are described in the abstracts for the
areas the road traverses, as listed above and in column 2.

D56 Saltery Cove Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, east Saltery Cove rivals Pasagshak Bay (053) in its attractive-
coast of Kodiak Island on north ness for remote recreational activities. In 1975, 1,500
(DNR, Div. Parks) shore of Ugak Bay, about 24 mi angler trips occurred along the Saltery River, and over
southwest of Kodiak. a hundred people submitted requests for easements to the
(11) Lat.: 57�30' N. river. Brown bears, mountain goats, deer, small game, and
Long.: 152'45' W. ducks are hunted throughout the uplands. Driving off-road
Quad: Kodiak C-3. vehicles is another popular pastime here, and is cutting-in
roads along the beaches. There are picnic facilities and a
Area: 7,633 ac. lodge and guide service for hunters. The scenery is
diverse and includes broad expanses of marshes and open
waters framed by mountains on three sides. Within the area
are four archaeological sites believed to be part of
historic Ihack. Ugak Bay is one of the more productive
marine systems on the east coast of Kodiak Island,
supporting high shrimp catches, herring spawning beds,
razor clams, and kelp beds; seals and sea lions forage
offshore. The marsh and lake system provides nesting and
molting habitat for various waterfowl. Steelhead and rain-
bow trout, red, coho, and pink salmon, and Dolly Varden
char spawn in Saltery Lake and River. Saltery Creek is one
of the principal pink salmon streams on Kodiak Island. The
streams are heavily used by brown bears in the spring, and
denning occurs in the uplands. The grasses and beaches
provide important winter range for Sitka black-tailed deer.
Other mammals in the area include mountain goats, beavers,
land otters, muskrats, red foxes, and weasels. The area
is suitable for residential development, an OCS oil and gas
terminal site, and liquefied natural gas facilities.

118

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed
Recreation; also The state has received Recreation wayside with Water-dependent and Heavy industry and
scenic, wildlife, tentative approval to the developed campground and water-related recre- extractive industries
land, but Kodiak Island picnic area, coopera- ation; hunting, should be discouraged,
Borough and Bells Flats tively managed by state trapping, and sport
Natives, Inc. have subse- and local governments, fishing; and residen-
quently filed selections. The borough could later tial and community
IJNR, Division of Forest, assume management. development if
Land, and Water Management, regulated to protect
administers a permit for watershed and recre-
the borough to use the area ational value.
as a public watershed.
Uses include recreation,
water supply for Kodiak,
and residential develop-
ment.

Scenic, recreation; The road traverses areas Scenic corridor, protec- Residential develop-
also wildlife. of mixed ownership and ted by designation as ment with setback
claims. greenbelt or scenic controls and screening
highway. The Kodiak requirements to
Island Borough should preserve important
evaluate in their views; and commercial
coastal management plan and industrial projects
appropriate designations that would not signi-
for protecting the ficantly affect the
scenic values of the scenic and recreational
road. values of the area and
that use mitigatory
measures to protect
these values.

Recreation; also Federal lands, selected by Recreation area or way- Recreation; hunting,
wildlife, scenic, the state and by Bells side managed by DNR, trapping, and sport
historical. Flats Natives, Inc.; Division of Parks, with fishing; and grazing
managed by Bureau of Land emphasis on remote if regulated to
Management, with part recreation; or, if state protect public recre-
leased for grazing. Uses does not gain title, ational values and
include recreation, similar, cooperative access. Mitigatory
ranching, residences, air- management to protect measures should be
craft landing strip, roads, the recreational and taken during oil and
and purse seining, scenic values. Live- gas industrialization
stock grazing could be to protect scenic and
accommodated; the open, recreational values.
park-like quality of
pasture lands could be
considered a scenic
asset in certain areas.

119

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1)57 Shearwater Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, south- The scenery of Shearwater Bay is outstanding, with exten-
east coast of Kodiak Island; sive panoramas of rugged mountains hugging the coast and
(DNR, Div. Parks) extends 3 mi off Kiliuda Bay, about views across Kiliuda Bay. Along the west side of Shear-
38 mi south of Kodiak. water Bay, mountains appear to rise out of the sea. The
Ill) Lat.: 57�20' N. head of the bay opens to a forested, peaceful valley. This
Long.: 152055' W. area receives significant recreational use by Kodiak and
Quad: Kodiak B-3. Old Harbor residents, including brown bear and duck hunt-
ing, clamming, beachcombing, offshore fishing, and boating.
Area: 13,237 ac. There is one recreation cabin. Wildlife values include
Includes the head and south side of high concentrations of harbor seals; seabird rookeries,
Shoarwater Bay, from Observation with tufted puffins and arctic terns on Ladder Island; den-
Point to and beyond Bluff Point and ning habitat for brown bears; deer, land otters, beavers,
Pillar Point, as well as Ladder red foxes, and weasels; spawning habitat for pink and chum
Island. salmon; critical habitat for spawning and rearing of tanner
crab and shrimps; and razor clams and other clams.

DS8 Spruce Cape Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Spruce Cape is currently closed to the public; however, if
east coast of Kodiak Island, open, significant recreational use could be anticipated.
(DNR, Div. Parks) between Mill Bay and Woody Island Opportunities include picnicking, scenic driving, camping,
Channel, 3.5 mi northeast of day hiking, and horseback riding, all close to Kodiak. The
(11) Kodiak. Comprehensive Park and Development Plan of the Kodiak
Lat.: 57049' N. Island Borough included a plan for recreational and resi-
See also Dl. Long.: 152�20' W. dential development of this area. The tip of the cape is
Quads: Kodiak D-1, 2. an open grassland which provides coastline panoramas of
nearby islands and Afognak Island. Views of the pounding
Area: 126 ac. sea are contrasted by the dark, quiet, mature spruce forest
bordering the sea cliffs. Enhancing the scenic quality of
Spruce Cape are World War II spotting scope and gun
emplacements precariously perched along the cliffs. The
most common species of wildlife in the area are land otter,
muskrat, red fox, short-tailed weasel, and red squirrel;
and various waterfowl. Residential and community develop-
ment has expanded up to Spruce Cape, which is regarded as
a prized piece of real estate. The forest at Spruce Cape
could provide timber for house logs and cordwood for nearby
residents.

D59 The Triplets Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- The Triplets provide a rich array of marine and marine-
east coast of Kodiak Island in dependent life within a concentrated area. The primary
(DNR, Div. Parks) Marmot Bay, 1.5 mi north of Spruce biological feature is the large seabird rookeries, with
Island and about 22 mi north of numerous tufted puffins, common murres, and other species,
(11) Kodiak. This is one of the few major seabird rookery areas in the
Lat.: 57059' N. Kodiak archipelago. Numerous harbor seals inhabit the off-
Long.: 152O'28 W. shore rocks. The moist tundra and grasslands covering the
Quad: Kodiak D-2. islands provide habitat for a few small mammals such as
foxes, weasels, and hares. Very few boaters stop to
Area: 82 ac. explore the islands on foot; they drift offshore to observe
the marine life. For a sense of seclusion disturbed only
by passing boats, The Triplets are ideal. In contrast to
the heavily wooded Afognak, Whale, and Spruce islands, The
Triplets give one a sense of barren isolation.

120

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Scenic; also recre- All lajids tentatively Marine or fly-in recre- Those that would not
ation, wildlife. approved to the state, but ation wayside under negatively affect the
portions selected by native cooperative management visual and recreational
corporations and Kodiak to protect the remote qualities of the area,
Island Borough; classified recreational and scenic including water-depen-
by DNR for range management. values, particularly dent and water-related
Uses include recreation and near Bluff Point and recreation, hunting,
commercial fishing. Pillar Point. ADF&G trapping, and sport
should be consulted for fishing.
protection of the sea-
bird rookeries on Ladder
Island. Mitigatory
measures as to location,
color, and texture of
structures should be
applied to future
development.

Recreation, Federal government surplus Community park for Residential development Timber harvesting not
historic; also property, to be owned by public viewing and with setback controls related to clearing
scenic. either Ouzinkie Native, interpretation of the and greenbelts to for homes; extractive
Inc. or the Kodiak Island military structures. protect scenic and uses; and development
Borough. Managed by recreational values. that would negatively
General Services Adminis- affect the historic
tration and currently used integrity of the area.
as a communication base.

Wildlife; also The village corporation of Marine sanctuary, to Water-dependent and Extensive resource
scenic, recreation. Ouzinkie has obtained protect seabird rooker- water-related recre- extraction, unless
interim conveyance to ies and marine mammal ation. deemed acceptable by
surface ownership, with habitat, with management review.
subsurface estates conveyed plan devised by ADFeG
to Koniag, Inc. and U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service.

121

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleuti:ans

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer., Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D60 Ugak Island Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, east The most significant feature of Ugak Island is the great
coast of Kodiak Island at mouth of number of marine mammals inhabiting the shores of the
(DNR, Div. Parks) ligak Bay, about 28 mi southeast of island. For example, on the northeastern tip of Ugak
Kodiak. Island there is a rookery supporting about 500 Steller sea
(11) Lat.: 57�23' N. lions and over 500 harbor seals. Whales are commonly seen
Long.: 152017' W. in the area, as their migration routes encircle the island.
Quads: Kodiak B-1, 2. The nearshore waters also serve as an important wintering
area for waterfowl and seabirds. Large game mammals do not
Area: 1,436 ac. inhabit the island, but land otters and red foxes are
common. Access to Ugak Island is limited due to stormy
weather and the surrounding rocks, so recreational use of
the island consists primarily of an occasional boater view-
ing the marine life. If boat facilities are ever developed
in Ugak Bay, the number of visits to the area to view the
marine life would probably increase. The rugged, fore-
boding appearance of the island provides a scenic backdrop
for the many beachcombers at Narrow Cape. An archaeologi-
cal site on the island confirms that Lisianski visited a
village of four barabaras (native dwellings) on April 11,
1805, where he found the chief erecting a monument for his
recently dead father's grave.

D61 Womens Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Due to its close proximity to Kodiak, Womens Bay receives a
east coast of Kodiak Island; significant amount of recreational use, including boating,
(DNR, Div. Parks) extends 5 mi off Chiniak Bay, 5 mi sport fishing, clamming, crabbing, deer and duck hunting,
southwest of Kodiak. camping, picnicking, and beachcombing. Target practice at
(11) Lat.: 57042' N. the rifle range maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard is popu-
Long.: 152032' W. lar. The unique scenic qualities of Womens Bay include
See also Dl, 055. Quad: Kodiak C-2. views of Coast Guard Bay and the City of Kodiak across the
water, in a serene setting of encircling mountains and off-
Area: 1,056 ac. shore islands. However, the foreground of some views is
Includes Mary Island and the south- degraded by development. Womens Bay, part of productive
east portion of the head of Womens Chiniak Bay, supports seals; waterfowl; and salmon,
Bay, and surrounding uplands, with shrimps, crabs, razor clams, and other clams. Seabird
Salonie Creek and Bruhn Point. rookeries on Mary Island include gulls, cormorants, and
Aleutian terns. The terns are considered rare in the
Kodiak Island archipelago. Salonie Creek is spawning
ground for chum, pink, and silver salmon. Brown bears
concentrate along the streams during salmon runs, and deer,
land otters, beavers, and red foxes inhabit the area. The
adjacent area is used for residential development and
gravel extraction.

D62 Woody Island Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, north- Woody Island is a daytime playground for Kodiak's many
east coast of Kodiak Island in boaters. Lakeside and offshore sport fishing, picnicking,
(DNR, Div. Parks) Chiniak Bay, 2.6 mi east of Kodiak. rabbit hunting, beachcombing, and berry picking are favor-
Lat.: 57047' N. ite pastimes in the area. The mixture of large spruce
(11) Long.: 152�20' W. trees, mossy glens, and flowered meadows with the pounding
Quads: Kodiak D-1, 2. sea in the background provides an enchanting setting.
See also Dl. Woody Island is historically significant because it is one
Area: 849 ac. of the few islands in the Kodiak archipelago whose history
Includes the northern half of is known from earliest times. There is evidence of an
Woody Island. ancient pre-Koniag settlement, the Koniag period, Russian
occupancy, and a Baptist mission. The shoreline of the
area is composed of boulder beaches with nearly 100 percent
coverage of intertidal organisms. There are rich kelp beds
offshore. Seals, sea lions, whales, and porpoises forage
offshore, and there are high concentrations of waterfowl in
spring and summer. Tanignak Lake and Long Lake contain
rainbow trout and coho salmon. The most common mammals are
land otters, beavers, muskrats, weasels, red foxes, and
snowshoe hares. Other resources of Woody Island include
suitable soils and slopes for residential development,
timber, grasslands, and suitability for commercial fishing
facilities.

122

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife; also Federal lands, selected by Critical habitat or Water-dependent and
scenic, historical, the state; managed by marine sanctuary, water-related recre-
recreation. Bureau of Land Management. managed by ADF8G or ation; and extensive
cooperatively managed resource extraction if
with U.S. Fish and Wild- deemed acceptable
life Service. Wildlife through review by
viewing by boaters and resource agencies.
camping should be
provided for in the
management.

Recreation; also Federal and borough lands. To protect the recre- Most of the current
scenic, wildlife. Federal lands are U.S. ational and scenic uses of the area can
Naval Reservation and have values of the area, the continue if regulated
been selected by native Kodiak Island Borough and put in balance
organizations and the state; should classify lands with other resource
managed by the U.S. Coast along the highway as needs to protect
Guard and open to the greenbelt. scenic and recreational
public. Borough lands are values, including
zoned residential. Uses hunting, sport fishing,
include recreation, live- and other recreation;
stock grazing, and roads. residential develop-
ment with setback
controls or greenbelt
claasification along
Salonie Creek, the
highway, and the beach;
and gravel extraction
for roads on a limited
scale.

Recreation; also Federal, state, and private Marine recreation area Hunting, trapping, and Timber harvesting or
scenic, wildlife, lands. Lands tentatively or wayside with boating, sport fishing; other extractive uses.
historical. approved to the state have camping, and picnicking recreation; and
also been selected by the facilities, cooperative- residential develop-
Kodiak Island Borough and ly managed by state ment with setback
Leisnoi, Inc.; leased by Division of Parks and controls and greenbelts
DNR for grazing. Federal all concerned parties. to protect the scenic
lands managed by U.S. Coast Grazing should be and recreational values
Guard for lighthouse. Uses managed to be compatible of the area.
include recreation and with recreation by using
livestock grazing. fences and locating
feeding and watering
stations away from
recreation areas.

123

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D63 Akalura Lake Southwest part of Kodiak Island, Akalura Creek cuts through undulating lowlands to connect
3 mi north of Olga Bay and 28 mi Akalura Lake with Olga Bay at Cannery Cove. Waterfowl and
(DNRI, Div. Parks) southeast of Karluk. seabirds winter at Cannery Cove, and a small guillemot
Lat.: 570111 N. rookery is there. Brown bears den in the uplands and feed
(11) Long.: 154013' W. along the lake and creek on the abundant red, pink, and
Quad: Karluk A-1. silver salmon. Rainbow trout and Dolly Varden char, in
addition to salmon, inhabit the lake. Red foxes are abun-
Area: 10,080 ac. dant in the area. Other mammals inhabiting the area
Includes Akalura Lake and Creek, include harbor seals, reindeer, land otters, beavers, and
Cannery Cove, and surrounding short-tailed weasels. Biologists have reported that deer
uplands. are beginning to move into the area. This is a high-use
area for trophy bear hunting. The well-preserved founda-
tion of the cannery serves as a guide camp which is recog-
nized in national hunting circles. Associated recreational
activities include camping and sport fishing, and there are
opportunities for pleasure boating, berry picking, beach-
combing, and hiking. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
once proposed to construct a public use cabin and trails
at Akalura Lake. The scenery in the area is superb. The
three axes of the lake are encompassed by mountains, and
the broad expanse and open waters of Olga Bay afford
extensive coastline panoramas. The old wooden cannery adds
a charming element to the scenery. There are two
archaeological sites pertaining to the Koniag. The estab-
lished operation of the cannery and the presence of ADF&G's
cabin and weir slightly diminish the wilderness values of
the area.

D64 Ayakulik River Pacific Ocean, southwest coast of Ayakulik River has the largest pink salmon escapement in
Kodiak Island; flows to ocean 2 mi the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge. It is also a primary
(DNR, Div. Parks) southeast of Ayakulik Island and spawning stream for red, king, and silver salmon, and one
26 mi southwest of Karluk. of the few streams supporting a substantial run of steel-
(11) Lat.: 57012' N. head trout. The tundra provides excellent habitat for
Long.: 154032, W. brown bears and reindeer. Waterfowl habitat is limited,
Quads: Karluk A-2, B-2. but a few ducks and whistling swans nest in this area.
Although there is a large bear population, the area
Area: 16,185 ac. receives low to moderate bear hunting pressure. A few
Includes the western portion of Red individuals fly to Red Lake to fish, and a few others have
Lake, the Ayakulik River from Red canoed and rafted from the lake to the mouth of the river.
Lake to the mouth, surrounding This section of the Ayakulik River is attractive due to the
uplands, and Ayakulik. mountains bordering the west side of this otherwise open
valley. Upon reaching the Pacific Ocean, the scenery is of
vast, wide, surf-pounded beaches. Three archaeological
sites at the mouth of the river document the prior exist-
ence of a Koniag village; the sites have not been fully
studied. The Ayakulik River drainage was once leased for
reindeer grazing, and is suitable for a commercial reindeer
operation.

124

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife, recre- Mostly federal lands with Cooperatively managed by Hunting, trapping, and Extensive resource
ation; also scenic, native selections; some U.S. Fish and Wildlife sport fishing; other extraction, unless
historical. portions privately owned. Service and Natives of recreation; and deemed acceptable by
In Kodiak National Wildlife Akhiok, Inc., to main- commercial fishing. review.
Refuge, managed by U.S. tain and enhance bear
Fish and Wildlife Service. habitat, the salmon
Uses include recreation, fishery, subsistence
particularly hunting; uses, and public recre-
ADF&G cabin and fish weir; ation, particularly bear
cannery; and seaplane port. hunting, boating, and
hiking. ADFEG, the
Division of Parks, and
Koniag, Inc. should be
consulted during devel-
opment of management
agreements.

Wildlife, recre- Federal lands, selected by Continued management by Hunting, trapping, and Extensive resource
ation; also scenic, Nyakulik, Inc., with one U.S. Fish and Wildlife sport fishing; and extraction, unless
historical. historical place selection Service but with objec- reindeer grazing with deemed acceptable by
covering much of the lower tive of enhancing the no manipulation of the review.
end of the area. In Kodiak recreational opportuni- habitat if subsistence
National Wildlife Refuge, ties of the area. To needs, economics, or
managed by U.S. Fish and further protect reindeer both, warrant the
Wildlife Service. Uses and brown bear habitat practice.
include sport fishing and and the salmon fishery,
hunting, public use cabin, USFWS should further
and Ayakulik. evaluate the area for a
special habitat
designation such as a
research natural area.

125

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

DtI_ Barling Bay Southwestern G;ulf of Alaska, south- Barling Bay is popular with residents of Old harbor, while
east coast of Kodiak Island off residents of Kodiak visit the area occasionally, for bear
(DNR, Div. Parks) Sitkalidak Strait, 2 mi southeast hunting, deer hunting, sport fishing, boating, camping, and
of Old harbor. beachcombing. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service once
(11) Lat.: 57011' N. suggested that a campsite be constructed at the head of the
Long.: 153021' W. bay. Whales, sea lions, and porpoises are often seen off-
Quad: Kodiak A-5. shore, and the head of Barling Bay provides habitat for
numerous harbor seals. In spring there are numerous water-
Area: 3,574 ac. fowl and seabirds. Brown bears den in the uplands and feed
along the creeks. Deer are not abundant but the popula-
tion may be growing. Barling Bay is one of the few areas
in the Kodiak archipelago where sheep have been sighted.
Other wildlife common to the area include land otters,
beavers, red foxes, weasels, and snowshoe hares; nesting
eagles; and, in the four creeks feeding the bay, pink, red,
chum, and silver salmon. The scenery is superb, with the
precipitous peaks of the inland mountain ranges, the foot-
hills, and the gravel beaches backed by grasslands. There
are a few archaeological sites that may contain house pits.
The Barling Bay area has been preliminarily identified as a
suitable site for liquefied natural gas facilities and a
terminal for outer continental shelf oil and gas develop-
ment. Placers of gold have been located in the area.

D66 Carlsen Point Shelikof Strait, northwest coast of The highly convoluted, level peninsula that terminates at
Kodiak Island between Uyak and Carlsen Point is a sharp contrast to the surrounding moun-
(DLNR, Div. Parks) Zachar bays, about 6 mi east of tainous country. The point and peninsula offer the charm
village of Larsen Bay. of small beaches and tucked away coves, and are enveloped
(11) Lat.: 57034'35" N. by the dramatic scenery of steep mountains towering high
Long.: 153o49'05" W. over Ilyak Bay. Current recreational use of the area is
Quad: Kodiak B-6. low, and its potential for recreation has yet to be real-
ized. Private, ideal, small boat anchorages and camping
Area: 1,658 ac. sites are numerous. Deer are hunted in the area and there
are opportunities for pleasure boating, beachcombing, berry
picking, clam digging, and saltwater fishing. Whales,
seals, and sea lions are commonly sighted offshore, and a
rookery for tufted puffins, kittiwakes, and gulls is at
Carlsen Point. The point and peninsula are a high-density
winter range for Sitka black-tailed deer and also support
brown bears, land otters, beavers, red foxes, and short-
tailed weasels. The surrounding waters serve as a major
intertidal spawning area for salmon and spawning habitat
for shrimps and king crab. Waterfowl winter in the pro-
tected coves and a few eagles nest here. Soils and slopes
are suitable for development, and because of the fairly
deep offshore waters the Carlsen Point area could be
considered for port development.

126

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation, wild- Owned by Old flarhor Native Commercial and indus- Those that would not
life; also scenic, Corporation, and managed trial developments negatively affect the
historical. by them and Koniag, Inc. should be closely regu- scenic and recreation-
In Kodiak National Wildlife lated by local permit al values of the area,
Refuge. Uses include or site-review process including community
recreation and commercial to ensure that the recreation; hunting,
fishing. resource values of the trapping, and sport
area are not signifi- fishing; commercial
cantly impaired. fishing; and timber
clearing, highway
excavating, and
construction if miti-
gatory measures are
taken as to location,
color, form, and
texture of construc-
tion.

Scenic; also recre- Owned by Nu-Nachk-Pit, Inc. Marine wayside or other Those that would not Major industrial
ation, wildlife. and managed by them and designation to enhance negatively affect the development, unless
Koniag, Inc., with public recreational values and scenic and recreational deemed acceptable by
easements on east tip of opportunities and values of the area, review.
Carlsen Point. In Kodiak protect scenic value, including recreational
National Wildlife Refuge. cooperatively managed homes and docking
Uses include recreation by Nu-Nachk-Pit, Inc. facilities, but with
and major commercial salmon and DNR, Division of mitigatory measures
fishery. Parks. taken as to location,
color, form, and
texture of the
construction; and
commercial fishing.

127

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1DO' Chief Point and Shelikof Strait, northwest coast of The Chief Point area is most popular for its excellent deer
Chief Cove kodiak Island on east shore of vyak hunting and attracts a fair number of bear hunters. Chief
Bay at mouth of Spiridon Bay, about Cove provides boat anchorage and floatplane access. Other
(DNR, Div. Parks) 42 mi west of Kodiak. recreational opportunities include camping, beachcombing,
Lat.: 57042'30" N. hiking, and wildlife viewing. Chief Point provides a
(II) Long.: 153055'30" IS. charming contrast to the more distant mountain landscapes
Quad: Kodiak C-6. afforded by Kodiak Island and the Aleutian Peninsula across
the water. This beautiful landscape, in combination with
Area: 1,380 ac. the pounding surf on the beaches, makes Chief Point and
Cove a scenically attractive area. There are a few
archaeological sites at the point which may pertain to the
Kachemak tradition. Numerous harbor seals concentrate
along the beaches, and as Chief Point is adjacent to a
major whale migration route, whale sightings are frequent.
Other marine life include two seabird rookeries, sea lions,
and large populations of shrimps, tanner crab, and king
crab. Silver, pink, and chum salmon spawn in the streams.
The beach fringe provides critical winter habitat for Sitka
black-tailed deer and the uplands provide habitat for brown
bear denning, land otters, beavers, muskrats, red foxes,
and short-tailed weasels. Bald eagles nest and waterfowl
winter along the shoreline. The offshore waters support
major salmon fisheries and shellfisheries. Grasslands in
the area are suitable for commercial livestock grazing.

D68 Drake Head Pacific Ocean, south coast of The gravel beaches and level grasslands of Drake Head are
Kodiak Island on Alitak Bay between sometimes used for picnicking, ballplaying, and swimming by
(DNR, Div. Parks) Kempff Bay and Lazy Bay, 4 mi residents of Akhiok. Drake Head is also accessible to the
southwest of Akhiok. cannery workers in Lazy Bay. Other recreational opportuni-
(11) Lat.: 56056'20" N. ties include beachcombing, wildlife viewing, waterfowl
Long.: 154'12'50" W. hunting, and saltwater fishing. Harbor seals concentrate
Quad: Trinity Islands D-I. in great numbers throughout the area, whales and sea lions
are frequently sighted, and there is a kittiwake and gull
Area: 485 ac. rookery. Drake Head also offers beautiful scenery. The
view to the west is of Twin Peaks peering over the beaches,
while the offshore view encompasses the convoluted shore-
line of Akhiok Island and the distant mountains of the
Hepburn and Aliulik peninsulas. The offshore waters are a
major commercial fishing area for tanner crab, shrimps,
and salmon, and canneries are located nearby. Soils and
slopes are generally considered suitable for development.

D69 Frazer Lake Southwest part of Kodiak Island, Red, silver, pink, and chum salmon spawn in Dog Salmon
north of head of Olga Bay, 14 mi River and Frazer Lake. King salmon have been recently
(DNR, Div. Parks) north of Akhiok and 23 mi south- introduced to Frazer Lake. Steelhead trout, rainbow trout,
east of Karluk. and Dolly Varden char also inhabit these waters. Great
(11) Lat.: 57�12' N. numbers of brown bears concentrate along the lakes and
Long.: 154004' W. river during salmon season and migrate up the mountains for
Quad: Karluk A-I. denning through the winter. Other mammals present in the
area include reindeer, land otters, beavers, muskrats, red
Area: 10,633 ac. foxes, and short-tailed weasels. A few eagles nest along
Includes southern part of Frazer the lake. Bear hunting is popular in the area, as are the
Lake, Dog Salmon Creek and Flats, associated activities of camping, sport fishing, and berry
the shore of Olga Bay along the picking. There are also opportunities for pleasure boating
flats, and surrounding uplands. and hiking. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service once pro-
posed to construct campsites and three trail systems
emanating from Frazer Lake. The scenery is both dramatic
and calming, as awe-inspiring mountains surround the calm,
narrow lake with its small, private coves. There is a
30-ft waterfall in Dog Salmon River. Adjacent to Dog
Salmon Flats are two large barabaras (native dwellings).
Wilderness values, while generally high, are tempered by
the presence of man-made structures.

128

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Recreation; also Federal lands, selected by Continued management of Commercial fishing;
scenic, wildlife. Uyak Natives, Inc., with habitat by U.S. Fish and hunting, trapping, and
Indian allotment applica- Wildlife Service but sport fishing; grazing
tion covering most of Chief with objective of main- if regulated to pro-
Cove. One private lot on taining or Lnhalncing tect public recreation
Chief Point. In Kodiak recreation as a compat- and access.
National Wildlife Refuge, ible use, particularly
managed by U.S. Fish and hunting and boating.
Wildlife Service. Uses Management should also
include recreation and minimize existing and
major commercial fisheries. future conflicts with
commercial fishing
activities.

Recreation; also Federal lands, selected by Community recreation Hunting, but only when
wildlife, scenic. Natives of Akhiok, Inc. In area, managed by Natives area is not being used
Kodiak National Wildlife of Akhiok, Inc., if for recreation; and
Refuge, managed by U.S. lands are conveyed to sport and commercial
Fish and Wildlife Service. them, or cooperative fishing.
Uses include recreation, management by DNR,
major commercial fisheries, Division of Parks, and
and canneries. Natives of Akhiok, Inc.
Recreation facilities
should be planned and
constructed to comple-
ment the scenic and
wilderness values of
the area.

Wildlife, recre- Some of the lands surround- National resource waters Current uses if regu- Extensive resource
ation; also scenic, ing Dog Salmon River are or other special area, lated to ensure extraction, unless
historical. owned by Natives of Akhiok, cooperatively managed by continued protection deemed acceptable by
Inc., and managed by them U.S. Fish and Wildlife of wildlife and recre- review.
and Koniag, Inc., with a Service and Natives of ational values, includ-
public easement. Remaining Akhiok, Inc. to protect ing hunting, trapping,
lands are federal; managed and enhance wildlife and sport fishing.
by U.S. Fish and Wildlife habitat, fisheries, and
Service, with permit for opportunities for back-
ADF&G to operate a weir and country recreation,
fishway. In Kodiak Nation- particularly for hunters
ly Wildlife Refuge. Uses and wilderness seekers.
include recreation, parti- The USFWS should
cularly bear hunting, and evaluate the area to
fish ladder. determine the proper
designation.

129

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D70 Halibut Bay Shelikof Strait, west coast of Halibut Bay supports two sea lion rookeries and, on Middle
Kodiak Island between Cape Grant Cape, rookeries of cormorants, gulls, guillemots, and
(IDNR, Div. Parks) and Middle Cape, 15 mi southwest tufted puffins. There are a few active eagle nests. flali-
of Karluk. but Bay is on a major waterfowl migration route and is a
(11) Lat.: 57'23' N. wintering area for waterfowl and seabirds. The lagoon and
Long.: 154�43' W. creeks support runs of chum, pink, and silver salmon.
Quads: Karluk B-2, 3. Brown bears concentrate along the streams during the salmon
runs, and small bands of reindeer range in the area. The
Area: 8,189 ac. bay area is used primarily for brown bear hunting, and with
Includes Halibut Bay and surround- duck hunting and king salmon fishing opportunities nearby,
ing uplands, with portions of Cape more hunters are expected to be drawn to this area. The
Grant and Middle Cape. scenery is diverse and attractive. Mountains on the Alaska
Peninsula, the expanse of tundra round the lagoon, the
high-rising rocky capes that flank Halibut Bay, and the
sloping grasslands are all in the view from the 5-mile-long
sandy beach. The isolation of Halibut Bay, with access
limited to floatplanes, results in a high value for
primitive recreation. The 5-mile razor clam beach could
support commercial clam dredging. The grasslands may be
valuable for supporting a commercial cattle operation. The
offshore waters are a major purse seining area for salmon.

D71 Karluk Lake and Shelikof Strait, west coast of Karluk River is the most popular remote sportfishing stream
Karluk River Kodiak Island; river heads at in the Kodiak archipelago. The area is also popular for
Karluk Lake and flows through bear hunting, duck hunting, and, as an associated activity,j
(DNR, Div. Parks) Karluk Lagoon to Shelikof Strait at river rafting. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has two
Karluk. Coordinates for river: public use cabins and once considered establishing trails,
(11) Lat.: 57034' N. wildlife observation points, and a visitor center. This
Long.: 154027' W. area is also scenically unique and attractive. Downriver,
Quads: B-l; C-l, 2. toward the lagoon, the mountains give way to a broad
expanse of tundra, yet mountains appear on the horizon
Area: 7,896 ac. again and again. Karluk Lagoon is one of the most produc-
Includes Karluk Lagoon, Karluk tive estuarine systems on Kodiak Island. It abounds with
River, north end of Karluk Lake, sea lions, harbor seals, seabirds in rookeries, inverte-
east shore of Larsen Bay, and brates, and other marine life. Karluk Lake and River are
surrounding lands. major spawning grounds for all five species of Pacific
salmon, and support Dolly Varden char, rainbow trout, and
steelhead trout. Bears, foxes, eagles, ravens, and gulls
use the spawning salmon as a late summer and fall food
source. Many active bald eagle nests are along Karluk
Lake. The west shore of the lake and the mountainous area
near the portage connecting Karluk River to Larsen Bay are
brown bear denning areas. Reindeer and Sitka black-tailed
deer range along the river. The wet tundra below Karluk
Lake and along the upper river is nesting habitat for
geese, goldeneyes, and mallards. Several archaeological
sites document the importance of the area to early native
peoples. Other values include buildable land and potential
source of hydroelectric power.

130

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife, recre- Portions owned by karluk Cooperatively managed by Hunting, trapping, and
ation; alsp scenic. Native Corp. and managed Karluk Native Corp., sport fishing; rein-
by them and Koniag, Inc. Koniag, Inc., Alaska deer or cattle grazing;
Other lands federally owned, Department of Fish and and commercial and
some selected by native Game, and U.S. Fish and industrial projects
corporations; managed by Wildlife Service to that would not signi-
U.S. Fish and Wildlife protect the unique wild- ficantly impair the
Service. A small parcel is life and fishery values, wildlife and recre-
in private ownership. In particularly the sea ational values, and
Kodiak National Wildlife lion and seabird rooker- that would take miti-
Refuge. Uses include bear ies and the clam beach. gatory measures to
hunting and major commer- DNR, Division of Parks, protect these values.
cial salmon fishery. should be consulted on
recreational uses.

Recreation; also Most lands owned by Nu- Kodiak Island Borough Those that would not
scenic, wildlife, Nachk-Pit, Inc. and Karluk should evaluate this impair the scenic and
historical. Native, Inc., and managed area for inclusion in recreational values of
by them and Koniag, Inc. their coastal management the area, including
Some small parcels are program as a special hunting, trapping, and
owned by private indivi- area to protect the sport fishing. Other
duals and federal govern- wildlife values and uses that should be
ment. There are also a few continuation of recre- considered by the
native allotment applica- ational uses, with management include
tions. Part of the area is cooperative management limited residential
in the Kodiak National by Division of Parks, development, reindeer
Wildlife Refuge. Uses Karluk Native, Inc., grazing, and subsist-
include recreation; Larsen Bay, Inc., and ence hunting and
research projects and Koniag, Inc. The fishing.
facilities managed by portions of Karluk
ADF&G, Bureau of Commercial Lagoon adjacent to the
Fisheries, and U.S. Fish village and private
and Wildlife Service; lots should be excluded
commercial fishing and from a public recreation
related facilities; and management agreement.
the village of Karluk.

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D)72 Kiavak Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, south- Wildlife species and habitat in the Kiavak Bay area include
east coast of Kodiak Island, off large numbers of harbor seals on the sand and gravel spit
(DNR, [)iv. Parks) Sitkalidak Strait at mouth of that stretches across the mouth of the bay; whales and sea
Kaiugnak Bay, about 18 mi southwest lions near shore; waterfowl and seabirds, which winter in
(ll) of village of Old Ilarhor. the area; a small gull and kittiwake rookery on the outer,
Lat.: S7001' N. boulder beach; brown bears, which feed and den in the area;
Long.: 153�36' W. land otters, beavers, muskrats, red foxes, short-tailed
Quad: Kodiak A-S. weasels, and snowshoe hares; eagles; and stream and inter-
tidal spawning habitat for pink and chum salmon. Kiavak
Area: 2,462 ac. Bay is one of the better brown bear hunting areas and has a
guide camp. The area is also used for camping, sport
fishing, and hiking. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
once suggested that a campsite be provided here. The
scenery at Kiavak Bay is outstanding, and comprises lush,
green mountains bordering the bay; the view across the
sandy spit, of mountainous Sitkalidak Island; and extensive
coastline and mountain panoramas. Three archaeological
sites in this area yielded remnants of Koniag pottery.

D73 Little River Lake Shelikof Strait, northwest coast of The Little River Lake area receives significant recreation-
Kodiak Island in course of Little al use, primarily fishing and deer hunting. The U.S. Fish
(DNR, Div. Parks) River, about 20 mi northeast of and Wildlife Service recently constructed a cabin here and
village of Larsen Bay. once considered establishing trails and campsites. Excel-
(1t) Lat.: 57046' N. lent hiking opportunities are provided by the many streams
Long.: 153039' W. emanating from Little River Lake and the relative ease of
Quad: Kodiak D-6. hiking along them. Wildlife resources in this area include
brown bears, which feed along the lake and river during
Area: 7,372 ac. salmon season and den in the uplands; Sitka black-tailed
Also includes Little River and deer, land otters, beavers, muskrats, red foxes, and short-
adjacent shoreline of Shelikof tailed weasels; and pink, red, and silver salmon, Dolly
Strait. Varden char, and rainbow trout in the lake and river.
Little River Lake is attractive, with prominent mountain
peaks peering over the calm lake, and lush, colorful
valleys.

D74 Midway Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, south- Residents of Old Ilarbor frequent Midway Bay for sport fish-
east coast of Kodiak Island off ing, clamming, duck hunting, camping, and berry picking. A
(DNR, Div. Parks) Sitkalidak Strait west of Bush few people from Kodiak fly in for clamming, sport fishing,
Point, 2 mi northeast of Old Harbor and seining for silver salmon. The wildlife resources and
(11) and 54 mi southwest of Kodiak. habitat of the Midway Bay area include harbor seals; a
Lat.: 57014' N. rookery of Aleutian terns, which are considered rare around
Long.: 15316' W. Kodiak Island; brown bears, deer, land otters, red foxes,
Quad: Kodiak A-4. weasels, and showshoe hares; pink, silver, and chum salmon,
which spawn upriver; important nursery for herring, king
Area: 1,330 ac. crab, and shrimps; and razor clams. The scenery at Midway
Includes the head of Midway Bay and Bay is outstanding and includes, to the northeast, a
adjacent uplands. breathtaking view of jagged, precipitous mountains that
rise at the end of the bay. Hills giving way to higher
peaks can be seen in almost any direction.

132

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife, recre- Federal lands selected by Kodiak Island Borough
ation; also scenic, village of Kaguyak. In should evaluate this
historical. Kodiak National Wildlife area for inclusion in
Refuge, managed by U.S. their coastal management
Fish and Wildlife Service. program as an estuarine
Uses include recreation and sanctuary or other
commercial fishing. protected area, to
maintain the estuarine
ecosystem and bear
habitat while allowing
multiple uses through
cooperative management
agreements with Alaska
Department of Fish and
Game, Kaguyak, Inc.,
and other affected
parties. Enhancement of
recreational opportuni-
ties with minimal
development should be a
management objective.

Recreation, wild- Federal lands, selected by Continued management by Hunting, trapping, and
life; also scenic. Uyak Natives, Inc. In U.S. Fish and Wildlife sport fishing; and
Kodiak National Wildlife Service for wildlife grazing if regulated
Refuge, managed by U.S. habitat and for recre- to protect publicb
Fish and Wildlife Service. ation, including trail recreational values of
Uses include recreation. construction and boat- the area.
ing. Recreational
activities should be
supported in a manner
that enhances the
wilderness experience
afforded by the area.

Recreation, wild- Owned by Old Harbor, Inc., Kodiak Island Borough Most current uses if
life; also scenic. and managed by them and should evaluate this regulated and put in
Koniag, Inc. In Kodiak area for inclusion in balance with other
National Wildlife Refuge. their coastal management resource needs. Until
Uses include recreation. program as a special management is imple-
area to protect mented, heavy industry
estuarine productivity and extensive resource
and value of area for extraction should not
public recreation. be permitted.
Until then, or alterna-
tively, a cooperative
management agreement
between DNR, Division of
Parks, Alaska Department
of Fish and Game, Old
Harbor, Inc., and
Koniag, Inc. should be
sought.

133

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D75 Ocean Bay and Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, south Ocean Bay and Rolling Bay are highly productive estuaries.
Rolling Bay portion of Sitkalidak Island, about Wildlife species and habitat on the bays include numerous
10 mi southwest of village of Old seals, which congregate in both bays; sea lions and other
(DNR, Div. Parks) Harbor. marine mammals; a rookery of tufted puffins and horned
Lat.: 57003' N. puffins, and one of kittiwakes, among other, less numerous
(11) Long.: 153015' W. seabirds, at Rolling Bay; waterfowl feeding habitat and
Quads: Kodiak A-4, S. razor clams on both bays; and shorebird staging area at
Ocean Bay. Inland, there are brown bears, which are
Area: 9,887 ac. present throughout the area between the bays but are con-
Extends overland from Rolling Bay centrated at the head of Rolling Bay in the spring; Sitka
on the southwest coast of Sitkali- black-tailed deer, land otters, beavers, red foxes, and
dak Island (on Sitkalidak Strait) short-tailed weasels; eagles; chum and pink salmon, which
to Ocean Bay on the southeast coast spawn in the streams feeding both bays; and red salmon,
(on Gulf of Alaska). which spawn only in Ocean Bay streams. Residents of Old
Harbor and Kodiak make special trips to Ocean Bay for
recreation, particularly for clamming. A road connects
Ocean Bay to McCord Bay and Natalia Bay, while a trail
connects Ocean Bay to Rolling Bay. Rolling Bay and Ocean
Bay offer bear and duck hunting, camping, beachcombing,
hiking, sport fishing, and wildlife viewing. The broad
valleys, the salt marsh, the pounding surf, the snow-dotted
mountains nearby, and the mountain-water landscapes
afforded by nearby Kodiak Island all provide vistas with
contrast, depth, and beauty. Three sites have been
excavated at Rolling Bay, and five at Ocean Bay; they
yielded artifacts, house pits, and other remains that are
evidence of a Koniag settlement.

D76 Russian Harbor Water passage between south tip of The productivity of Russian Harbor is emphasized by the
Kodiak Island and Aiaktalik Island. kelp beds offshore and the extensive coverage of intertidal
(DNR, Div. Parks) Lat.: 56046' N. organisms. Wildlife in the area include whales, sea lions,
Long.: 154005' W. and dense concentrations of harbor seals; various water-
(11) Quad: Trinity Islands D-1. fowl, which nest, molt, and winter in the area; red salmon
and chum salmon; brown bears, land otters, beavers, red
Area: 5,403 ac. foxes, short-tailed weasels, and snowshoe hares. The red
Includes a portion of Russian fox is the most abundant small mammal. Russian harbor was
Harbor on the Aliulik Peninsula, commonly visited by the residents of Kaguyak before the
the lake that feeds into these village was abandoned as a result of the 1964 earthquake.
waters, and surrounding uplands. Once village reconstruction is completed, residents are
expected to resume subsistence fishing, berry picking, and
duck hunting at Russian Harbor. Apparently, harbor seals
were also once hunted in this area. Today the area is used
by a few bear hunters. The scenery is most attractive due
to the varied coastline and the views of offshore islands.
Looking north, the mountains of the Aliulik Peninsula
provide a pleasing backdrop. Russian Harbor is the place
where Alaska natives first spotted a Russian ship, whose
arrival created much concern.

134

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife, recrea- Part of area owned by Old Kodiak Island Borough Hunting, trapping, and intensive industrial
tion; also scenic, Harbor Native Corp., with should seek a protective sport fishing; and developments, unless
historical., rest expected to be status for this area grazing if regulated deemed acceptable by
conveyed to them. Con- through their coastal to protect public review.
veyed portions managed by management program, to recreational values
Old Harbor Native Corp. protect wildlife, and access.
and Koniag, Inc. Rest scenic, subsistence,
managed by Bureau of Land historical, and recrea-
Management and leased for tional values; and addi-
grazing. Uses include tionally or alternative-
recreation and livestock ly, cooperative
grazing. management by Alaska
Department of Fish and
Game, Division of Parks,
Old Harbor Native Corp.,
and Koniag, Inc.
Enhancement of Recrea-
tional opportunities
through minimal develop-
ment should be a
management objective.

Wildlife, recrea- Federal lands selected by Cooperative management Hunting, trapping, and
tion; also scenic, Kaguyak, Inc. In Kodiak by Alaska Department of sport fishing; grazing;
historic. National Wildlife Refuge, Fish and Game and and most other current
managed by U.S. Fish and Kaguyak, Inc. to protect uses if regulated and
Wildlife Service. Uses wildlife values, parti- put in balance with
include bear hunting and, cularly waterfowl other resource needs.
traditionally, subsistence. nesting habitat, and
value to Kaguyak resi-
dents for recreation.
DNR, Division of Parks,
should be consulted
during formulation of
management plan.

135

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D77 South Olga Lakes Southwestern part of Kodiak Island South Olga Lakes support large spawning runs of pink, red,
between Olga Bay and Moser Bay, and silver salmon, and are habitat for steelhead trout,
(DNR, Div. Parks) about 5 mi north of Akhiok. rainbow trout, and Dolly Varden char. Numerous brown bears
Lat.: 57003' N. feed along the streams and lakes during the salmon season
(11) Long.: 1540151 W. and den in the uplands. Other mammals common to the area
Quad: Karluk A-1. include reindeer, land otters, beavers, and muskrats. Red
foxes and ptarmigan are highly abundant. South Olga Lakes
Area: 13,095 ac. also provide excellent nesting, molting, and feeding
Also includes Olga Creek and Fish habitat for waterfowl. Bear hunting is the primary recrea-
and Wildlife Service Upper Station, tional use of the area, while ptarmigan and duck hunting
and adjacent shoreline of Olga Bay. also occur. Associated activities include camping, hiking,
and sport fishing. South Olga Lakes and Olga Bay would
also be excellent for kayaking and sailing. The ecosystem
of the area is transitional between mountain grasslands and
arctic tundra, so there are excellent opportunities for
nature interpretation activities. The broad, sweeping
mountains giving way to tundra and open waters compose
unique scenery. During the summer and fall, the varied
vegetation presents a lush array of colors. The three
archaeological sites in the area pertain to an abandoned
fishing station. Other resources include suitable lands
for reindeer grazing and buildable land.

D78 Three Saints Bay Southwestern Gulf of Alaska, south- Three Saints Bay is best known as the first permanent
east coast of Kodiak Island off Caucasian settlement in Alaska. However, it also figures
(DNR, Div. Parks) Sitkalidak Strait between Cape in a significant phase of Eskimo history. In 1784 three
Kasiak and Cape Liakik. ships of the Shelkhov-Golikov Russian fur trading company
(11) Lat.: 570071 N. arrived at the site to establish a permanent post. A
Long.: 153028' W. trading station was maintained until the United States
Quad: Kodiak A-s. purchased Alaska in 1867. In 1972, Three Saints Bay
Archaeological Site was entered in the National Register of
Area: 6,277 ac. Historic Places. Due to hazardous waters, few boaters
from Kodiak visit the area, but residents of Old Harbor
boat over to hunt, fish, and enjoy the scenery. There is a
bear hunting camp at the head of the bay. A growing
tourism industry in Old Harbor based on wildlife and
archaeological resources includes Three Saints Bay in its
itinerary. Three Saints Bay captures the beauty of a
steep-sided, rugged fjord yet provides accessible, charming
beaches. Wildlife in the area include whales, sea lions,
and harbor seals; a rookery of kittiwakes; pink salmon and
silver salmon, but not in great numbers; brown bears, Sitka
black-tailed deer, and various small mammals; eagles and
waterfowl; and shrimps and crabs (critical rearing
habitat). Other values include possible suitability for
outer continental shelf oil and gas development service
base, liquefied natural gas facilities, and commercial
fishing and seafood processing facilities.

136

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife, recrea- Majority of the area recent- Cooperative management Hunting, trapping, and
tion; also scenic, ly conveyed from federal by Alaska Department of sport fishing; rein-
historical. government to Akhiok, Inc.; Fish and Game, Division deer grazing; and
managed by Akhiok, Inc. and of Parks, Akhiok, Inc., homesites.
Koniag, Inc., with public and Koniag, Inc. to
easement. Other parcels preserve and enhance the
will remain in federal wildlife habitat,
ownership. In Kodiak fishery, subsistence,
National Wildlife Refuge. and public recreational
Uses include ADF~G weir, values of the area.
recreation, and comemercial Enhancement of commer-
fishing. cial salmon fishing
should remain a primary
management objective.

Historic; also Old Harbor, Inc. owns and Archaeological district, Archaeological research
scenic, recreation, manages most of the lands cooperatively managed by and interpretive
wildlife. along the shore. Remaining Division of Parks, Old programs; water-
lands are federal, and Harbor, Inc., and other dependent and water-
managed by U.S. Fish and concerned parties to related recreation;
Wildlife Service. A small protect the historic and hunting and sport
parcel has a reserve for scenic integrity of the fishing in areas away
ditches and canals. in area and provide oppor- from the areas of
Kodiak National Wildlife tunities for archaeolog- historic significance;
Refuge. Uses include ical research and and commercial and
recreation. interpretive programs. industrial projects
that would not signi-
ficantly impair the
scenic and historic
values of the area and
that take mitigatory
measures to protect
these values.

137

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D79 Tugidak Island Pacific Ocean, off southwest coast Tugidak Island is well known for being host to the largest
of Kodiak Island; one of the concentration of harbor seals in Alaska, perhaps in the
(DNR, Div. Parks) Trinity Islands, about 26 mi south- world. The pupping population is estimated at 10-12,000
west of Akhiok. seals. Sea lions, sea otters, and whales are commonly seen
(11) Lat.: 56031' N. offshore. Bird life on Tugidak Island is abundant and
Long.: 154037' W. diverse, as noted by biologists who saw 44 species and
Quads: Trinity Islands B-2,3; estimated that 34 of these were nesting on the island.
C-2, 3. Some of the nesting species have not been found anywhere
else in the Kodiak archipelago, such as the gadwell and
Area: 14,285 ac. rock sandpiper. Tugidak Island also provides the richest
waterfowl habitat in the entire Kodiak archipelago. During
a walk across the island, one can easily encounter thou-
sands of seals and over 25 species and 700 individual nest-
ing birds, including ground-nesting bald eagles: a truly
unique experience. Within the lagoon are 10 miles of razor
clam beaches. Land otters and arctic ground squirrels are
the only mammals known to be present on the island. The
shallow areas between Chirikof Island and Tugidak Island
are critical spawning and rearing habitat for king crab.
The lakes, grasslands, and tundra of the island against the
Pacific Ocean surf and the distant mountains of Kodiak
Island and the Alaska Peninsula compose attractive scenery.
The remoteness of Tugidak Island and its rich wildlife give
it a high wilderness value. Tugidak Island is visited by
a few duck hunters, ornithologists, bird watchers, and
wildlife photographers.

080 Uganik Island Shelikof Strait, north coast of Uganik Island is popular for deer hunting and also provides
Kodiak Island between Uganik Bay opportunities for bear hunting, offshore fishing, boating,
(DNR, Div. Parks) and Viekoda Bay, about 14 mi west camping, wildlife photography, and hiking. The U.S. Fish
of Port Lions. and Wildlife Service has a public use cabin in the area.
(11) Lat.: 57053' N. Many water and mountain landscapes are afforded by the key
Long.: 153020' W. location of the southeast end of the island, at the junc-
Quad: Kodiak D-4. tion of Terror Bay and the two branches of Uganik Passage.
The significance of the several archaeological sites in
Area: 8,826 ac. the area has not been determined. Wildlife in the area
Includes southeast tip of Uganik include whales, sea lions, and dense concentrations of
Island and shoreline and waters of harbor seals; a rookery of kittiwakes, gulls, and puffins;
Uganik Passage to 1 mi from shore. various waterfowl during migration; eagles; brown bears,
Sitka black-tailed deer, land otters, beavers, muskrats,
red foxes, and short-tailed weasels; and salmon, which
spawn in the intertidal areas.

D81 Uganik Lake Shelikof Strait, north coast of Uganik Lake is tucked away amid some of the most rugged and
Kodiak Island, in course of Uganik beautiful country on Kodiak Island. Because the lake is
(DNR, Div. Parks) River southeast of East Arm Uganik located in a deep gorge, cliffs and mountains encircle it
Bay, about 25 mi southwest of and dominate the views; even the precipitous, snow-capped
(11) Kodiak. peaks of the interior of Kodiak Island are in view at the
Lat.: 57�40' N. lake. The beautiful mountain scenery is dramatically set
Long.: 153�20' W. off by the tall, scarred cliffs towering over the calm blue
Quads: Kodiak C-4, 5. waters of Uganik Lake. There are excellent opportunities
for sport fishing, bear hunting, pleasure boating, beach-
Area: 8,933 ac. combing, and hiking. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Includes the head of East Arm recently built a public use cabin in the area. People are
Uganik Bay, Uganik Lake, the just now becoming aware of the recreational opportunities
portion of Uganik River between the at Uganik Lake, and use is expected to increase with this
bay and the lake, and surrounding awareness. The head of East Arm Uganik Bay is one of the
uplands. more productive estuaries in the Kodiak National Wildlife
Refuge. Sea lions, harbor seals, seabirds, and waterfowl
all use this estuary for foraging and shelter. Red,
silver, pink, and chum salmon, Dolly Varden, and rainbow
trout inhabit the lake. Brown bears concentrate along the
lake and river during salmon season, and make heavy use of
the area for denning. Sitka black-tailed deer, land
otters, beavers, muskrats, red foxes, and short-tailed
weasels are also present, as well as a few mountain goats,

138

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife; also State tentatively approved State game refuge or Those that would not
scenic, wilderness, lands, managed by DNR, other special area to negatively affect the
recreation. Division of Forest, Land, protect the large seal habitat or populations
and Water Management; pupping population. of wildlife indigenous
grazing lease preferences ADFiG should evaluate to the area, as
are filed and offshore this area and recommend determined by ADF&G.
prospecting permits have protective status to the Uses that should be
been granted. Uses include Alaska Legislature; the considered are water-
occasional duck hunting and Division of Parks should dependent and water-
wildlife observation and integrate wilderness use related recreation,
study. management with ADF&G's subsistence hunting
management intentions. and fishing, wildlife
photography, and
limited clam dredging.

Recreation; also Federal lands, selected by Marine wayside, managed Hunting, trapping, and
scenic, wildlife. Uganik, Inc. In Kodiak by U.S. Fish and Wild- sport fishing; set net
National Wildlife Refuge, life Service to enhance fishing and purse
managed by U.S. Fish and the recreational values seining; and timber
Wildlife Service. Uses of the area, with harvesting, using U.S.
include recreation and emphasis on water-depen- Forest Service multiple
commercial fishing. dent and water-related use and resource
recreation. This protection practices,
emphasis should not with timber sales land-
interfere with USFWS's scaped and on the order
management of wildlife of patch clearcuts to
habitat. DNR, Division protect the scenery as
of Parks, could provide seen from the shore
technical assistance. and key viewpoints.

Scenic; also recrea- Federal lands, selected by Continued management by Hunting, trapping, and
tion, wildlife. Uganik Natives, Inc. In U.S. Fish and Wildlife sport fishing; and
Kodiak National Wildlife Service to protect wild- commercial and indus-
Refuge, managed by U.S. life habitat, but with trial projects that
Fish and Wildlife Service. further objective of would not significantly
Uses include recreation and, maintaining and enhanc- affect the scenic and
in Uganik Bay, commercial ing recreation as a recreational values of
fishing. compatible use, particu- the area and that
larly backcountry recre- would take measures to
ation with few rustic protect these values.
developments.

139

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

D82 lUyak Bay Shelikof Strait; bay mouth is on Ilyak Bay is one of the most productive estuaries in the
west coast of Kodiak Island but Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge. Wildlife habitat and
(I)NR, l)iv. Parks) head of bay is nearer the southeast resources in the area include sea lion and harbor seal
coast, about 4 mi northwest of Old hauling-out grounds; intertidal spawning area for large
(11) l1arbor, runs of pink, chum, and silver salmon; denning habitat for
Lat.: 57�17' N. brown bears; one of the largest concentrations of bald
Long.: 1S3'38' W. eagle nests on Kodiak Island; Sitka black-tailed deer,
Quads: Kodiak B-S, 6. land otters, beavers, red foxes, and short-tailed weasels;
waterfowl; and an abundance of invertebrate marine life.
Area: 2,860 ac. The head of Uyak Bay is one of the most popular bear hunt-
Includes the head of Uyak Bay, the ing areas on Kodiak Island; deer and duck hunting are also
lower part of Uyak River, and good. There is a guide camp in the area and the U.S. Fish
surrounding uplands. and Wildlife Service plans to construct a public use cabin.
Other recreational opportunities include wildlife photo-
graphy, sport fishing, camping, and hiking. The head of
Uyak Bay has awe-inspiring scenery, including many views of
the steep, rugged mountains along the bay and, behind them,
the precipitous, snow-capped peaks of the interior of
Kodiak Island.

140

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Kodiak-Aleutians

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Wildlife, recrea- Federal lands, with native Rescarch natural area, Hunting, trapping, and
tion; also scenic. allotment application for game sanctuary, or other sport fishing; dis-
part of area. In Kodiak special area to protect persed recreation; and
National Wildlife Refuge, the productive estuary, commercial fishing
managed by U.S. Fish and excellent wildlife nearby.
Wildlife Service. Uses habitat, and opportuni-
include recreation and ties for wilderness
major commercial salmon recreation. U.S. Fish
fishery. and Wildlife Service
should evaluate the area
to determine the proper
designation.

141

Figure 8. Approximate boundaries of coastal region E, Upper Cook Inlet.
For key to other features shown on the map, see Figure 23 (at end of
book).

142

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dtlakd

CHAPTER 7. UPPER COOK INLET (COASTAL REGION E)

On 3 April 1980 the Alaska Legislature adopted the Municipality of Anchorage
Coastal Management Program, thereby approving the 10 AMSAs contained in the
program. This chapter contains abstracts describing these designated AMSAs,
in addition to the abstracts for proposed special areas.

INDEX OF ABSTRACTS

Proposed Special Areas

El-2: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Department of Geological and Geophysical Surveys P__age

El: Anchorage ---------------------------------------------------148

E2: Knik River Floodplain ---------------------------------------148

E3: Alaska Department of Fish and Game

E3: Eklutna Flats -----------------------------------------------148

E4: Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic Development

E4: Upper Susitna River Hydroelectric Project --------------------148

ES: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Parks

ES: Turnagain Arm -----------------------------------------------150

Designated Areas Meriting Special Attention

E6-15: Municipality of Anchorage

E6: Andesitic Dike at Potter Marsh ------------------------------152

E7: Bird Creek Regional Park ------------------------------------152

E8: Eagle River Drainage ----------------------------------------152

E9: Fish Creek --------------------------------------------------152

145

ElO: Old Girdwood Townsite ---------------------------------------154

Ell: Point Campbell to Point Woronzof Coastal Wetlands -----------154

E12: Point Campbell Dunes and Delta ------------------------------154

E13: Point Woronzof Bluffs ---------------------------------------156

E14: Port of Anchorage -------------------------------------------156

El5: Seward Highway ---------------------------------------------156

147

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Unner Cook Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

L. Anchorage Southeast shore of Knik Arm. Failures of the Bootlegger Cove Clay during the 1964
Lat.: (61013' N. earthquake were responsible for several destructive
(DNR, DGGS) Long.: 149053' W. landslides in Anchorage. Major landslide areas are First
Quads: Anchorage A-8, Tyonek A-1. Avenue, Fourth Avenue, 1. Street, Government Hill, and
(1) Turnagain Heights. These are next to moderate to
steep slopes, and show evidence of slides prior to the
See also E8, E9, 1964 earthquake. Conditions are thought to be conducive
Ell, E12, E13, E14. to major failures in these areas in the future. The
effects of volcanic activity should also be considered in
further development of Anchorage. In 1953, Mt. Spurr,
140 km west of Anchorage, deposited up to 0.6 cm of
volcanic ash in the city in 6 hours. Considerable effort
and money were expended to clean up and attempt to stop
corrosion. Health and property damage in the event of a
recurrence of landsliding or volcanic ash deposition could
be minimized by advance planning of public warnings and
instructions.

L2 Knik River Flood- River flows northwest 25 mi from In recent years Lake George has been the largest glacier-
plain Knik Glacier to head of Knik Arm, dammed lake in Alaska, with a maximum area of 70 sq km.
10 mi southwest of Palmer. The lake forms by advance of Knik Glacier and closing of
(DNR, UGGS) Lat.: 61029' N. the outlet channel by the ice, and fails by erosion,
Long.: 149016' W. hydrostatic uplift of the ice, or both. It drains into
(1) Quad: Anchorage. the Knik River through a gorge along the margin of the
glacier. From 1918 through 1966, except for 1963, Lake
See also E3. George flooded Knik River annually. Since 1966, Knik
Glacier has failed to form an ice dam and the lake has not
filled, but a series of positive ice balances may stimulate
the glacier to advance and again dam the lake. The out-
burst would cause an extreme flood hazard along the Knik
River floodplain. The potential for renewed advance of
Knik Glacier is currently uncertain. Because of the
spectacle of the breakout, the area has been proposed as a
National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
The Knik River vicinity is one of the fastest growing areas
in Alaska, and contains the major arteries of trade from
Anchorage to the Interior.

E3 Eklutna Flats Head of Knik Arm, mouth of Eklutna This coastal marshland provides nesting habitat for ducks
(Extension of Palmer River, about 23 mi northeast of and geese. About one-fourth of all Canada geese in Cook
Hay Flats State Game Anchorage. Inlet are found in the area of Palmer Hay Flats and Eklutna
Refuge) Lat.: 61025' to 61�30' N. Flats. The population of geese is thought to be increasing
Long.: near 149015' W. in the area since the 1964 earthquake. More than 100,000
(ADF&G) Quad: Anchorage. geese, ducks, and swans use the area during migration.
Widening of the Glenn Highway through the area has already
(2, 3) Area: 1,600 ac. severely disturbed a large portion of the waterfowl
Proposed refuge is contiguous with habitat. Powerlines have been moved 50 ft into the
See also E2. the existing Palmer Hay Flats State vicinity of the waterfowl nesting area.
Game Refuge across the head of Knik
Arm.

E4 Upper Susitna River Sites along the Susitna River The Upper Susitna River Hydroelectric Project comprises
Hydroelectric between Canyon railroad station, several potential sites for development and transmission
Project 38 mi northeast of Talkeetna, and of hydroelectric power, including Devil Canyon, Watana,
Denali, 67 mi southeast of Healy. Vee, and Denali. Devil Canyon and Watana are receiving
(DCED) Coordinates for Denali: the most attention for potential near-term development;
Lat.: 63010'45" N. their combined prime power potential is 1,S68 MW. Studies
(5) Long.: 147027'45" W. are currently being conducted at the sites. If the results
Quads: Talkeetna, Ilealy. are favorable, construction of dams, reservoirs,
generation and transmission facilities, and access roads
is expected.

148

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Upper Cook Inlet

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

GeophysicalI hazards: Proposed developments Development on and
landslides and will need site-specific immediately adjacent
volcanic ash. evaluations, including to the landslide areas
potential for catastroph- should be permitted
ic ground failure, by only with a clear
qualified engineers. understanding of the
potential hazards
involved.

Flood hazard: Developers of the Knik
outburst of glacier- River vicinity should
dammed lake. take into account the
possible dangers of a
flood of the magnitude
that the Kniik Glacier is
capable of producing.

Wetland habitat for Within Eklutna village State game refuge, to Comparable to those Comparable to those
waterfowl. selection lands. No protect an area of impor- allowed in the Potter not allowed in Potter
special management. Uses tant waterfowl habitat Point State Game Point State Game
include highway, railroad, that is ecologically Refuge, an area also Refuge.
and utility corridor; and contiguous with the disturbed by a major
recreation such as hunting, existing Palmer Hay highway.
observation, and photo- Flats State Game Refuge.
graphy of waterfowl.

Hlydroelectric power. Protect value as Power generation.
hydroelectric sites. Dams, reservoirs,
generator and trans-
mission facilities,
and access roads.

149

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Upper Cook Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1:5 lurnagain Arm lead of Cook Inlet, southeast of Much of tile scenic and recreational significance of the
Anchorage. Turnagain Arm area is due to the movement of a large
(11NI, Iliv. Parks) Lat. : t, lt))' N. number of motorists and train passengers along the water
l.ong.: 149�30' W. between Anchorage and Portage Filats via the Seward Ilighway
(15) Quads: Anchorage A-b, 7, 8; and the Alaska Railroad. At Potter Creek the average
Seward D)-6, 7, 8. daily traffic was 2,955 in 1975, and is predicted by I01'/PF
See also E6, L7, to increase to 16,100 in 1996. Numerous trails and access
E10, E15. Area: 327,051 ac. points into Chugach State Park are along the highway. The
Includes Turnagain Arm and adjacent beaches are used for picnicking, dipping for smelt, and
Note: lands east of a north-south line fishing for salmon. A downhill ski resort operates
The southern half of from Potter to Gull Rock (east of at Girdwood. The U.S. Forest Service and Alaska Division
the proposed AMSA is Chickaloon Bay); and the communi- of Parks operate camping and picnic areas on both sides of
in coastal region F, ties of Hope and Sunrise (coastal Turnagain Arm. Thousands of people view migratory water-
Lower Cook Inlet. region F), Girdwood, Bird Creek, fowl each year at Potter Marsh and Portage Flats. There
and Indian (region E). are commercial flights out of Anchorage for sightseeing
along Turnagain Arm.

150

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Upper Cook Inlet

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Scellic; also Federal (Chugach National Cooperative managemenlt Transportation and
recreation, heri- Forest), state (Chugach by Kenai Peninsula utility facilities and
tage, hi Idlife. State Plark, (eneral Selec- Borough, Mlunicipality of residential and
tion land), municipal, and Anchorage, U.S. Forest commercial development
private ownership. Uses Service, Bureau of Land to the extent they do
include communities, Management, and Alaska not significantly
transportation and utili- Departments of Fish and impact the scenic and
ties, recreation, and Game, Transportation and recreational values of
mining. Portage Flats is Public Facilities, and Turnagain Arm.
cooperatively managed for Natural Resources. All
protection of migratory developments should be
waterfowl, located and designed to
minimize visual impact.
Sheet metal roofs, bill-
boards, and obtrusive
colors should be avoided.

151

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Designated

Coastal Region: Upper Cook Inlet

Name of AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1.t, ldc it Iliki Northwest shore of Turn;lga:in Arm, ilis is the only exposed igneous dike inI the Anchorage
it I' tt cl Mat'sl ofn tile old Seward Ilighi;l next to area. It is a good bedrock exposLure and shows an andesitic
Potter Marsh. lithology, weatlhering, and joint pattern. No inmmedi ate
(Mlunicipalit! of Lat.: 61o03' N. conflict exists at the site; however, future planninlg for
Anchorage) Long.: 149047' W. Ihighway maintenance and road widening should give consider-
Quad: Anchorage Bowl (1:25,000). ation to the site as a significant geologic feature and
(8) avoid damage to it.
Area:
See also ES.

1:7 Bird Creek Regional North shore of Turnagain Arm; Bird Creek Regional Park is heavily wooded with Sitka
Park stream flows southwest 16 mi to spruce, mountain hemlock, birch, popular, and alder. Moun-
Turnagain Arm, southeast of tains tower over the park on three sides and are the most
(Municipalit) of Anchorage and 5.5 mi northwest of dramatic features in addition to the water courses. Tile
Anchorage) Sunrise. wildlife is a major feature and includes moose, brown and
Lat.: 60058' N. black bears, Dall sheep, lynx, wolverines, and hares;
(81 Long.: 149028' W. grouse and other birds; and anadromous fishes. The former
Quad: Turnagain Arm (1:63,360). Greater Anchorage Area Borough Assembly recognized the
public value of this area for recreation and scenic use
Area: 2,200 ac. when they adopted the Master Park Plan for Bird Creek
The major portion of the area is Regional Park in 1973. The Master Plan calls for such
located on the valley floor of activities as camping, hiking, horseback riding, and snow-
Bird and Penguin creeks. mobiling. The area is also suitable for such passive
activities as photography and observation of wildlife.
Although Bird Creek has been recognized as a regional park,
little has been done to identify educational values and
scientific resources.

E8 Eagle River Drainage South shore of Knik Arm; river The Eagle River Comprehensive Plan identifies the Eagle
flows northwest 40 mi from Eagle River drainage as marginal in that the area is subject to
(Municipality of Glacier to Eagle Bay, 9 mi north- flooding and contains numerous bogs, marshes, and other
Anchorage) east of Anchorage. wetlands. The valley has been selected by Eklutna, Inc.,
Lat.: 61�20' N. and thus is in private ownership. The proposed boundary
(8) Long.: 149�44' W. for this area does not necessarily correspond with that of
Quad: Eagle River (1:25,000). the 100-year floodplain. Data for mapping the floodplain
See also El. are lacking, and lklutna, Inc. has requested that the
Area: U.S. Army Corps of Enlgineers initiate a study to provide
the data. Such efforts would parallel recommendations made
in the Anchorage Coastal Management Plan.

L9 Fish Creek South shore of Knik Arm in metro- Fish Creek, particularly near its mouth, is a unique
politan Anchorage area; creek coastal marsh system surrounded by residential uses. Fish
(Municipality of drains into Bootlegger Cove. Creek winds though Anchorage for about 6 miles and drains
Anchorage) Lat.: 61012' N. about 5.6 sq mi. Much of this drainage area has been
Long.: 149055' W. developed for residential and other urban uses. The creek
(8) Quad: Anchorage Bowl (1:25,000). is segmented by roads and railway. In some areas vegeta-
tion has been removed, banks have been modified, and the
See also El. Area: creek has been placed in culverts. Car tires and other
The proposed AMSA is about a trash are present, and drainage is poor due to blockages
1.25 mi portion of Fish Creek of the creek. A culvert under the Alaska Railroad right-
between Northern Lights Boulevard, of-way is filled with debris, trash, and dirt. Despite
Spenard Road, and Bootlegger Cove. these changes, the creek remains a natural linear element
traversing its way through the Spenard area of Anchorage.
With continued high-density development adjacent to Fish
Creek, its value as a visual and recreational open space
will increase.

152

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Designated

Coastal Region: Upper Cook Inlet

Primary Values Ownership, Management,
and Bases for and Uses at
Designation Time of Proposal Management as AMSA Uses Allowed Uses Not Allowed

Sc iit i ic , State olf Ala;ska right-of- This site is to be pre- Scientific and educa- Those damaging to the
duclat i onla . ia'. No existing manage- served and not altered tional study; public site or jeopardizing
Illelit. The site is a road durilg fiuturel road work. interest point. scientific and educa-
Bases for cut along the cliff and is It will have an inter- tional projects. Rock
designation: part of tile right-of-way. pretive si;,l identifying climbing in this
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), Adjacent ownership includes the dike and its rela- specific site is
(E); the state, for Potter tionship to the geology prohibited.
6 AAC 80.160(b) (2). Marsh, and private pro- of Anchorage. 'his plan
perty on the upland areas is in accordance with
surrounding the site. the concept of scenic
design standards for the
Seward Highway as
proposed in the Anchor-
age Coastal Management
Plan.

Recreation, scenic, Owned by Municipality of As a regional park Recreational activities Those not consistent
nature study. Anchorage. Managed by designated to accommodate consistent with the with the Bird Creek
agreement between the a wide variety of recre- Bird Creek Master Park Master Park Plan.
Bases for Municipality of Anchorage ational activities. The Plan.
designation: and the Alaska Department Master Park Plan is to be
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), of Natural Resources, implemented to accommo-
(B), (C). Division of Parks, as part date the growing recrea-
of Chugach State Park. tional demands of Anchor-
Uses include recreation. age residents and to
serve the broadest possi-
ble visitor interest.

Recreation, water Ownership includes State of To map the floodplain Water supply, open Those that would
supply, flood Alaska, ELklutna, Inc., and boundaries and identify space, recreation, degrade wetland, water
control, open space; Fort Richardson Ililitary portions of the drainage wildlife habitat. supply, habitat, and
also habitat, Reservation. The munici- to be held as open space recreational values.
scenic. pality regulates land use until the feasibility of
in the area under Title 21/ using Eagle River as a
Bases for Floodplain Ordinance. The source of potable water
designation: state Division of Parks for the municipality is
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), manages portions of the determined. The munici-
(C), (E), (F). drainage in Chugach State pality, Eklutna, Inc.,
Park and some lands next and DNR, Division of
to Eagle River on the Parks, are developing a
south side of the valley. site plan to identify
proper uses.

Coastal wetland, The tidelands portion is The area is in immediate Recreation, open Those that would
scenic, nature owned by the Municipality need of restoration. It space, nature study. degrade habitat,
study, open space. of Anchorage. Other owners will be restored and recreation, open space,
are the Alaska Railroad cleaned up to protect and scenic values.
Bases for (right-of-way) and private the flow of water into
designation: owners. the wetlands; to enhance
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), the area's aesthetic
(B), (G). appeal; and to protect
the area's natural pro-
ductivity and essential
habitat for living
resources. The Alaska
Railroad should provide
annual maintenance and
:leanup on its property.
X Restoration Plan was
included as part of this
kMSA nomination.

153

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Designated

Coastal Region: unner Cook Inlet

Name of AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

O10 Old c;irdwood Northealst shore of l'rlrn;lgain Arm, Subsidence following the 1964 earthquake caused inundation
'lownsite about I Imli norltheast of Sunrise of the original town of (;irdwood. Tile area is now a siglli-
and 35 mi sotthlleast of Anchorage. ficanlt wetland. It is flat and boggy and the vegetation
(Mhiicipalityt of Lat.: O�SO' N. has changed to species that tolerate salt and brackish
Anchorage) Long.: 149010' W. waters. G;lacier ('reek enters Turnagain Arm through this
Quad: Turnagain Arm (1:63,360). wetland tract. The area has been identified by AIClli(; as
(8) resting and feeding habitat for migratory waterfowl and
Area: about 218 ac. other birds. The area offers scenic views of Turnagain
See also E5S, l15. Seaward distance for protection: Arm and sites for nature trails, picnicking, photography,
center of Turnagain Arm. and hiking. A few buildings exist from pre-earthquake
days, but have subsided. The area is unsuitable for
development; it is entirely within the coastal floodplain
and subject to subsidence from future seismic events. Use
of the privately owned land could cause direct and signi-
ficant impacts on the coastal marsh and its value as
waterfowl habitat.

Ell Point Campbell to Between Turnagain and Knik arms, This coastal marsh has a unique community of vegetation
Point Woronzof opposite Fire Island, 4-5 mi west that supports numerous species of wading birds and migra-
Coastal Wetlands and southwest of Anchorage. tory waterfowl. The area offers scenic views across Cook
Lat.: 61010' N. Inlet and of Fire Island, and opportunities for nature
(Municipality of Long.: 150003' W. viewing, photography, hiking, and picnicking. It is close
Anchorage) Quad: Anchorage Bowl (1:25,000). to the metropolitan area, yet here wildlife can be viewed
in a natural setting. The wetlands are unsuitable for
(8) Area: development but could accommodate recreational uses. No
Seaward distance for protection: conflicts are apparent, with the possible exception of
See also El. municipal political boundary occasional odors from the sewage treatment facility. A
in Knik Arm. site management plan is needed to ensure proper management
of the site, protect property values above the bluff line,
and protect a valuable coastal wetland.

E12 Point Campbell North shore of Turnagain Arm where The highest topographic vantage point in the Anchorage low-
Dunes and Delta it opens to Cook Inlet, 5.2 mi land is in this area. From it, one can enjoy a 360� view
southwest of Anchorage. of upper Cook Inlet and its setting, including the Alaska
(Municipality of Lat.: 61�09'24" N. Range and Talkeetna, Chugach, and Kenai mountains. This
Anchorage) Long.: 150�04'20" I. is an excellent place to describe the glacial history of
Quad: Anchorage Bowl (1:25,000). Anchorage, as all four possible source areas of ice and
(8) evidence for each of the five local glacial periods can be
Area: seen. The gravel deposits at Point Campbell are part of
See also E1. Seaward distance for protection: another unique feature: a delta that formed in a pre-
mean high tide. glacial lake. Exposures in this gravel are very fragile
and, unless protected, motorcycle use will probably contri-
bute to rapid deterioration. The area just to the north
of the gravel deposits may be the only Anchorage locality
where active sand dune migration can be observed. The dune
is spectacular, educational, and extremely fragile. It is
being damaged by dirt bikes. The deltaic features are also
unique. The geometry of the beds indicates that the melt-
water flowed east, toward the mountains, whereas one would
expect it to have flowed west, toward Cook Inlet. The
pebbles are from all possible sources, including coal frag-
ments from the Matanuska Valley. Motorcyclists do not keep
to the designated track, which creates a potential hazard
to other people and damages the other values of the area.

154

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Designated

Coastal Region: Upper Cook fillet

Primary Values Ownership, Management,
and Bases for and Uses at
Designation Time of Proposal Management as AMSA Uses Allowed Uses Not Allowed

Wildlife habitat, Most parcels in the Old State game refuge, ad- Wildlife habitat area Residential and other
scenic, recreation; Girdwood lownsite are ministered by ADF&C. and recreation such as non-recreation
also geophysical privately owned, as are the Nature trails or other scenery viewing, development.
hazard area, lands aidjaccet to the town- appropriate visitor nature study, and
historical site. site. The area is managed facilities Will be hiking. Nature trails
by the state. developed. A site and visitor facilities.
Bases for development plan is
designation: being prepared by the
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), Municipality of Anchor-
(B), (F). age and the Alaska
Division of Parks and
Department of Fish and
Game.

Wildlife habitat, State owned. No particular The area will be part Wildlife habitat area Residential, commer-
scenic, recreation, management program. of Potter Point State and recreation such as cial, and other
wetlands. Game Refuge and admin- nature study, photo- development that would
istered by ADF4G. graphy, hiking, and impair habitat, scenic,
Bases for Nature trails will be picnicking. Nature recreational, and
designation: developed and public trails and other wetland values.
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), access provided. A public access.
(B), (F), (G). management plan is being
prepared by the Munici-
pality of Anchorage
and the Alaska Division
of Parks and Department
of Fish and Game.

Scientific, educa- Owned by Municipality of Public access for pedes- Recreation (dirt Because of heavy
tional; also scenic, Anchorage. The site is the trians and a bike trail bikes, hang gliding, public use, shooting
recreation. old borough car dump and is will be provided while hiking), public should not be allowed
used for motorcycle racing, still maintaining an access, education, and in the immediate area.
Bases for hang gliding, and hiking. area for dirt bike use. scientific study. Motorcycling off the
designation: It is adjacent to Potter The sand dune immedi- established trail.
AS 46.40.210(1) (A); Point State Game Refuge. ately adjacent to the
6 AAC 80.160(b) (2). dirt bike track will
be put off limits to
motorcycles to provide
for educational use,
preserve the natural
vegetation, and prevent
accelerated erosion of
the dune face. Motor-
cycle use will be
restricted to the estab-
lished motorcycle trail.

155

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Designated

Coastal Region: UnDer Cook Inlet

Name of AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1.13 Point Wloronlzof South coast of Knik Arm where it Ilis area contains an important stratigrapllic exposure and
Blultts uopmei to Cook Inlet, 4 Illi west of tile only known fossil beds in the Anchorage area. It also
Anchorage. offers excellent views of the skyline of Anchorage and
lMumnicipality of Li;t.: (10'12'15" N. across Knik Arm toward Mlt. McKinley. Slopes are generally
,Anchorage) Long. : 150�01'00" IN. in excess of 25 percent and classified aIs unstable. lhe
Quad: Anchorage Bowl (1:25,000). area will be in the approach zone for the new Anchorage
(8) International Airport north-south runway. Access to the
Area: AblSA for educational and scientific purposes must be
See also I:. The site is between Earthquake Park reserved. The municipality is planning a coastal bluff
and the Point Woronzof municipal bike trail which would provide access to the site. To
sewage treatment plant and includes avoid potential conflicts a site management plan is
the area from mean high tide to the required.
top of the bluff.

E14 Port of Anchorage South shore of Knik Arm in metro- This is the only location in the Municipality of Anchorage
politan Anchorage area, at mouth of that can accommodate a port facility and the required
(Municipality of Ship Creek. support services. The area is in the coastal floodplain
Anchorage) Lat.: 61�13'36" N. and is subject to subsidence, mass wasting, and other
Long.: 149053'45" W. hazards. Only a small portion remains vacant for future
(8) Quad: Anchorage Bowl (1:25,000). development and expansion. Some parts of the waterfront
are not being used to the maximum extent possible, result-
See also Ll. Area: ing in a waste of valuable waterfront space.
Seaward distance for protection:
to the municipal political boundary
in Knik Arm.

E15 Seward Ilighway North shore of Turnagain Arm. The Seward Highway parallels the Chugach Mountains and
Coordinates for Potter: Turnagain Arm. The mountainous terrain drops abruptly to
(Mlunicipality of Lat.: 61003'10" N. the water. Scenic vistas along the highway include
Anchorage) Long.: 149'47'30" W. glaciers, glacial valleys, a change in ecosystems, and a
Quad: Turnagain Arm (1:63,360). variety of vegetation and wildlife. Several species of
(8) fish can be caught in some of the streams crossing the
Area: 1,394 ac. highway. The public value of the area was first formally
See also L5, Lb0. Includes existing width of state recognized in 1958 when the Secretary of the Interior with-
right-of-way from Potter station to drew certain lands in Turnagain Arm for "protection of
the Kenai Peninsula Borough border. scenic values and public service sites." The Seward Iligh-
way also offers access to recreation sites and wilderness
areas, and many historical and archaeological sites are
next to the highway. Few pullout areas at scenic points
exist. The highway is being widened, but with little
attention paid to increasing safe, public viewing oppor-
tunities. Increasing the width and removing many of the
curvy portions of the highway will allow faster traffic.
Adequate public pullover areas with interpretive signs
should be provided; for example, an area to view bore tides
and mountain goats.

156

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Designated

Coastal Region: UppLer Cook Inlet

Primary Values Ownership, Management,
and Bases for and Uses at
Designation Time of Proposal Management as AMSA Uses Allowed Uses Not Allowed

Scientific, Part owned by state, part To pireserve the area's Educational and scien- Those not compatible
educational; also munlrcipal land selection. scientific and education- tific study, public with the designation
scenic, open space. The area will be subject to ol values. This area access (bike trail), as open space. Ilxca-
use regulations for the new will be designated as scenery viewing, and vation by non-
Bases for north-south runway at open space to facilitate other uses compatible professionals.
designation: Anchorage International the development of a with the designation
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), Airport (will be in coastal bluff bike trail as open space.
(E); approach zone). connecting Earthquake
6 AAC 80.160(b) (2). Park with other areas
along the bluff. This
will provide access to
the area for scientific
and educational purposes.
To help avoid excavation
by nonprofessionals, the
location will not be
posted as a scientific
area.

Space for water- Port is owned and managed The mixed ownership has Water-dependent uses. Those not depending on
dependent and water- by the Municipality of resulted in the lack of a waterfront location.
related uses. Anchorage. Lands immadi- a comprehensive water-
ately adjacent to the port, front development plan.
Basis for but within the ANISA, are Because of limited space
designation: owned and leased to private for expansion, an urban
AS 46.40.210(1) (D). businesses by the Alaska waterfront zone is
Railroad. created and a comprehen-
sive port development
plan is being prepared.

Scenic, recreation, State owned; managed by the Scenic highway. Highway All vehicular traffic, Development in areas
transportation. Alaska Department of Trans- markings identifying recreation at pullout not already reserved
portation and Public points of interest will sites such as scenery for development.
Basis for Facilities. The Alaska be designed and located viewing and picnicking,
designation: Railroad right-of-way is to allow for maximum and development in
AS 46.40.210(1) (A). next to the highway; also viewing from the roadway, areas already desig-
Chugach State Park and and will not unnecessar- nated as development
Chugach National Forest. ily detract from the areas (Indian, Bird
surrounding natural Creek, Rainbow, and
setting. Girdwood).

157

C31
Co

Figure 9. Areas Meriting Special Attention in the Municipality of Anchorage:
Andesitic Dike at Potter Marsh (E6), Fish Creek (E9), Point Campbell to
Point Woronzof Coastal Wetlands (Ell), Point Campbell Dunes and Delta (E12),
Point Woronzof Bluffs (E13), and Port of Anchorage (E14).

5~. r-2~ E14

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IH

Eli wz'7ll L4 ~ P~

0~~~12

(0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ N

E 6~~~~~~~~~~

Jeff-,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

I
0)
0

Figure 10. Areas Meriting Special Attention in the Municipa]lity of Atchlarage:
Bird Creek Regional Park (E7)., Old Girdwood Townsite (EIGO), and Seward'
Highway (ElS).

'T; c:� i~-- - 4- --

A \, -t; ;>2,. A1 <~zr t~

E7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'

I--~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 1 1. WJ*2 a~

7-tL~A
522W~~~~~~~~~ I�ii. 1:~1:
I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ � _,oaiFL 0 1 2

X~~~~~~~~~~~~~l I4 -

Figure 11. Area Meriting Special Attention in the Municipality of
Anchorage: Eagle River Drainage (E8).

162

,14

vv~ ~ ~~~~~

163

Figure 12. Approximate boundaries of coastal region F, Lower Cook Inlet.
For key to other features shown on the map, see Figure 23 (at end of
book).

164

DOYO LTX Rap Chapter 8.

~~YL~l( Koyt~ku Lowe 4m

ShaktD~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lk

flvik O~~~h~r* (Coastal

nv~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tik Wing Gakafla kfa

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~kn
S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nukana
4th 1 k to River ~~~~~v O 4NFfINACEt1 Tzhlia n
0 to s entut I ~ika

~~~~~~~~A

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ill ap~cin

Jiliamna~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i

6 4~>~NewStuy

aga~ ~Z7LvlaKkhn middl tn Island-

a gaikT

CHAPTER 8. LOWER COOK INLET (COASTAL REGION F)

All of the abstracts in this chapter pertain to proposed special areas. No
AMSAs have been designated in Lower Cook Inlet.

INDEX OF ABSTRACTS

F1-3: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Page

Fl: Drift River Delta ----------------------------------------170

F2: Lower Cook Inlet-------------------------------------------170

F3: Seward and Resurrection Bay--------------------------------170

F4-15: Alaska Department of Fish and Game

F4: Augustine Island Research Area-----------------------------170

FP5: Gull Island Coastal Marine Sanctuary-----------------------172

F6: Kamishak Bay Coastal Marine Refuge-------------------------172

F7: Kasilof River Coastal Marine Refuge------------------------172

F8: Kenai River Coastal Marine Refuge--------------------------172

F9: Kenai Snow Goose Staging Area------------------------------172

F10: Lower Kenai Peninsula Coastal Marine Refuge----------------174

Fll: McNeil River Coastal Marine Sanctuary----------------------174

F12: Polly Creek Critical Habitat-------------------------------174

F13: Redoubt Bay Coastal Marine Refuge--------------------------174

F14: Southern Kamishak Bay Critical Habitat---------------------176

F15: Tuxedni Bay Critical Habitat-------------------------------176

F16-23: Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic Development

F16: Beluga Coal Field------------------------------------------176

F17: Beluga Power Station---------------------------------. 176

167

F18: Bradley Lake --------------------------------------------176

F19: Chakachamna Lake ----------------------------------------176

F20: Granite Point -------------------------------------------178

F21: Iniskin Bay ---------------------------------------------178

F22: Kamishak Bay --------------------------------------------178

F23: Kustatan --------------------------------------------------- 178

F24-41: Alaska Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Parks

F24: Bluff Point ---------------------------------------------178

F25: Cape Starichkof and Mouth of Stariski Creek -------------180

F26: Chugach Islands -----------------------------------------180

P27: Coho Beach State Wayside --------------------------------180

F28: Cottonwood and Eastland Creeks --------------------------182

F29: Diamond Gulch -------------------------------------------182

F30: East and West Forelands ---------------------------------182

F31: Falls Creek Beach Access --------------------------------182

F32: Fox River -----------------------------------------------184

F33: Fritz Creek ---------------------------------------------184

F34: Homer Spit ----------------------------------------------.184

F35: Kalifonsky Beach Access ---------------------------------184

F36: Kasilof River Mouth -------------------------------------186

F37: Nuka Island ---------------------------------------------186

F38: Polly Creek ---------------------------------------------186

F39: Resurrection Cape and Islands ---------------------------188

F40: Upper Anchor River Drainage -----------------------------188

F41: Whiskey Gulch and Laida Spit ----------------------------188

168

F42: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service
F42: Kenai River Flats----------------------190

169

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cnok Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1:] Drift River Delta Northwestern Cook Inlet, Redoubt Redoubt Volcano is an active volcano in the chain of
Bay. volcanoes on the western shore of Cook Inlet. During an
(IINR, DG(;S) Lat.: (,035' N. eruption with recurrent explosions and turbulent clouds in
Long.: 152'28' W. 1966, mud and water from the suddenly melted snow and ice
(I) Quads: Kenai B-7; C-(,, 7. flowed from the summit and down the nearby Drift River,
causing flash floods. Redoubt Volcano is capable of re-
See also F13. newed activity at any time. A major petroleum pipeline
terminal and tank storage farm is located at the mouth of
the Drift River. It was built after the 1966 floods and
was engineered for such a contingency. However, Redoubt
Volcano could heat up and produce flood waters of equal or
greater magnitude than those produced in 1966.

F2 Lower Cook Inlet Southern Cook Inlet, eastern and Augustine Volcano, which formed Augustine Island at the
western shores. mouth of Cook Inlet, is still active. Tsunamis generated
(DNR, DGGS) Lat.: 59�15' to 60' N. by Augustine Volcano have the potential to strike either
Long.: 151' to 1540 W. the east or the west shores of lower Cook Inlet. The
(1) Quads: Iliamna, Seldovia, Kenai, volcano is composed primarily of andesite, which character-
Tyonek, Anchorage. istically produces relatively violent eruptions. Augustine
See also F4, F5S, Volcano has erupted several times in the past 100 years, as
FlO, F24, F25, F29, Of special concern within this area recently as 1963 and 1976. In 1883, a particularly violent
F33, F34, F41. are the low-lying coastal lands on eruption produced mudflows and fiery avalanches which
either side of Kachemak Bay and the entered the shoal waters of the north shore of the island
western tip of the part of the and generated a tsunami that struck Port Graham. The
Kenai Peninsula containing the tsunami struck while the tide was low, but if one struck at
Kenai Mountains. Towns include high tide it could cause considerable property damage and
Anchor Point, Homer, Seldovia, and loss of life. Although the western shore of Cook Inlet
Port Graham. could be struck by a tsunami generated by a westward flow
of material from Augustine Volcano, this would be of minor
significance compared to a wave generated eastwards. The
eastern side of Cook Inlet, particularly Kachemak Bay, has
more people and property.

F3 Seward and Northwestern Gulf of Alaska, Seward was one of the most heavily damaged towns in Alaska
Resurrection Bay Resurrection Bay. as a result of the 1964 earthquake. Slide-generated waves,
Lat.: 60'06'30" N. a tsunami, and possibly seiche waves overran the shores in
(DNR, DGGS) Long.: 149026'30" W. the area. Along the waterfront a strip of land about
Quad: Seward A-7. 1,200 m long and 15-150 m wide slid into Resurrection Bay
(1) concomitantly with offshore submarine sliding. Large-scale
sliding also occurred in the delta deposits at the mouth
of the Resurrection River. The tsunami was generated by
uplift in the seafloor in the Gulf of Alaska and arrived
about 25 minutes after shaking stopped. Each tsunami wave
had a runup as high as 12 m, and went as far as 1.5 km
inland at the north end of Resurrection Bay. If a major
earthquake strikes in the vicinity in the future, similar
landsliding and wave damage can be expected. Because
Seward is one of the few ice-free ports in Alaska, it is
critical to the economy of Alaska. The potential for
damage must be recognized; it is not feasible to relocate
harbor and dockside facilities to sheltered areas or to
provide breakwaters to minimize the risks.

F4 Augustine Island Southwestern Cook Inlet, Kamishak Augustine Island is currently undergoing geophysical moni-
Research Area Bay. toring as an active volcano. This area has potential
Lat.: 59015' to 59'35' N. research value as a naturally perturbed environment. The
(ADF&G) Long.: near 153'31' W. island and surrounding waters have aesthetic value but have
Quad: Iliamna. low recreational use because of difficult access. The
(3) surrounding waters support large numbers of sea otters and
Area: 39,040 ac. harbor seals.
See also F2, F6. Includes Augustine Island and the
surrounding waters out to a 1-mile
radius (60-ft isobath).

170

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Volcano hazard: Structures in the D)rift
flash floods. River floodplain must be
engineered to withstand
the flooding of the
river.

Volcano hazard: Recognize and plan for
tsunamis. potential earthquake-
related hazards when
locating and designing
new developments;
continued monitoring.

Earthquake hazard: Recognize and plan for
tsunamis and other potential earthquake-
waves. Ice-free related hazards when
port. locating and designing
new developments.

Research area: State-owned land and To continue ongoing Scientific research; Those not compatible
volcanic activity waters. No special manage- geophysical research, other uses if compat- with the management
and its effects. ment. Uses include and to study the in- ible with research purpose.
scientific research and fluence of catastrophic objectives. All uses
commercial fishing. disturbance on the should be compatible
marine environment. with management objec-
tives of the proposed
Kamishak Bay Coastal
Harine Refuge.

171

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

I5S Guill Island Coastal Southeastern Cook Inlet, Kachemak A recent survey showed eight species of' seabirds, with
Marine Sanctuary Bay, at entriance to Peterson Bay. 3,2'(9 breeding pairs in all, on Gull Island May-August.
Eat.: 59035' N. Black-legged kittiwakes and murres are most common. Dis-
([AIF4G) Long.: 151019' W. ruption of their favorable habitat, relative lack of dis-
Quad: Seldovia C-4. turbance, and productive feeding areas could eliminate
(3) these birds from Kachemak Bay because they will not go
Area: 640 ac. elsewhere to nest. Gull Island is a high point of tour
See also F2. Includes Gulil Island (0.1 mi long) cruises in Kachemak Bay, and the island is visited by
and the surrounding waters out to numerous recreational boaters. Such visits, particularly
350 ft. when people land and walk about, or bring boats alongside
the cliff nesting areas, cause birds to fly off their
nests. Some vandalism and harassment of birds occur.

I:6 :iamishak Bay Coastal Southwestern Cook Inlet, Kamishlak This area supports important commercial stocks of salmon,
Marine Refuge Bay. herring, halibut, bottomfish, scallops, clams, shrimps,
Lat.: 58� to 59057' N. king crab, and tanner crab. Marine mammals in the area
(ADi:FG) Long.: 151'41' to 154020' i. include otters, harbor seals, sea lions, beluga whales, and
Quads: Afognak D-4, 5. Iliamna harbor and Dall porpoises. Coastal manunals include brown
(2, 3) A-I, 2, 3, 4; B-2, 3, 4; C-l, 2, 3; bears, wolverines, red foxes, and land otters. Seabirds
D-i, 2. Seldovia 1)-8. nest in numerous small colonies along the shoreline in
See also F4, F14, summer, and the tidelands and embayments are important
F22. Area: 980,000 ac. staging areas for migratory shorebirds and waterfowl.
Proposed refuge is dominated by
Kamishak Bay, has five other bays
and several coves, and includes
Augustine Island.

F7 kasilof River Eastern Cook Inlet, Cape Kasilof. This area, particularly the tideflats and river banks, is
Coastal Marine Lat.: 60�20' N. an important staging ground for ducks, geese, swans, and
Refuge Long.: 151020' NI. shorebirds during spring and fall migrations. The Kasilof
Quads: Kenai A-4; B-4. tideflats are particularly important for lesser snow goose
(AI)F&G) habitat during migration from April through early May. The
Area: 9,600 ac. wetlands are heavily used by nesting water birds during the
(2, 3) Contains much of the tidelands and summer.
wetlands near the mouth of the
See also F36. Kasilof River and lower Coal Creek,
out to the 18-ft isohath.

F8 Kenai River Coastal Northeastern Cook Inlet, mouth of The tideflats and wetlands in this proposed refuge are
Marine Refuge Kenai River. important staging areas for ducks, geese, swans, and shore-
Lat.: 60030' N. birds. Large numbers of lesser snow geese feed and rest
(ADF&G) Long.: 151'15' W. here in April and early May. The wetlands to the south
Quads: Kenai B-2, 3; C-3, 4. have large numbers of nesting water birds during the
(3) summer.
Area: 15,360 ac.
See also F9, F35, Includes the wetlands and tideflats
F42. of the Kenai River and the coast
of Cook Inlet to the south, almost
to Kalifonsky.

F1 kenai Snos Geesce Northeastern Cook Inlet, 5 milers The Kenai wetlands are heavily used by flocks of waterfowl
Sta;ging All'a upriver from the Kenai River mouth. during spring migration, early April through May. The
L.at.: 0�31' .N. lesser snow geese using the area April 1-May 15 constitute
(AllF6G) Long.: 151'13' W. a significant portion of the total snow goose migration
Quad: Kenai. through Alaska, with as many as 12,000 snow geese using the
(4) area each spring. Other waterfowl using the wetlands in
Area: (40 ac. large numbers include lesser Canada geese and pintails.
See also F8, F42. This area (Section 16) is part of
the Kenai wetlands, including the
Kenai River and its floodplain; it
encompasses the bogs and marshes oni
both sides of the river in the
vicinity of the Beaver loop Ilighway
and the Warren Ames Bridge.

172

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Critical habitat for State jurisdiction. No To preserve this seabird Those not posing a Those not compatible
seabirds. special management. uses colony for scientific, threat to the attrac- with the management
include recreational photo- recreational, and tion of birds to Gull purpose.
graphy and observation; educational uses. Island and their
scientific study; and reproductive success.
navigational aid (flashing Regulated viewing
beacon). distances and limited
access may be imposed
May-August. Certain
uses not permitted in
summer may be allowed
in winter.

Critical habitat State and federal jurisdic- To maintain the high Multiple use, unless Those that can be
for numerous fauna. tion. No special manage- productivity of this conflicting with the moved inland or to
ment. Part of the proposed coastal marine system; management purpose. areas outside of the
refuge is within BLM/OCS and to minimize the im- proposed refuge.
mineral leasing area. Uses pact of competing uses
include commercial fishing, in and around the pro-
scientific research, posed refuge.
seismic and drilling
exploration, and some rec-
reation. The Katmai
National Monument and
McNeil River State Game
Sanctuary border this area.

Wetland and Mineral exploration and Minimize impact of future Multiple use, unless Uses that degrade this
tideflat habitat extraction; residential and residential and commer- conflicting with the habitat or cause this
for water birds. commercial development; cial development and [management purpose. area to become unfa-
recreation, including human use on this impor- vorable to migrating
viewing of lesser snow tant water bird staging and nesting water
geese; and transportation. and nesting area. birds.

Critical habitat State, municipal, native, To minimize future Multiple use, except Those not compatible
for water birds. and private ownership. No degradation of this where degrading exist- with the management
special management. Uses important staging and ing habitat or prevent- purpose.
include commercial and nesting area for migra- ing use of the area by
residential development; tory water birds. migratory water birds.
recreation; oil, gas, and
mineral exploration and
development; subsistence
hunting and fishing; and
transportation. Kenai
National Moose Range is
north and southeast of this
area.

Critical habitat Land owned by state. No Maintain or enhance the Temporary activities Activities that de-
for snow geese and special management. Used habitat presently used that minimize surface grade snow goose habi-
other waterfowl. for transportation (highway by snow geese and other alteration, such as tat, such as dredging
crosses Kenai River; small waterfowl. existing recreational and filling; residen-
Bases for proposal: boats) and recreation. activities; scientific tial development;
AS 46.40.210(1) (A), research and instruc- channelization or
(B), (C); tion; hunting, trap- other activities lead-
6 AAC 80.160(b) (2). ping, and fishing at ing to dewatering of
certain times; and oil wetlands; and offroad
and gas exploration vehicle travel, air-
and development with craft overflights,
adequate safeguards. discharge of firearms,
etc., at certain
times.

173

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

F10 Lower Kenai Peninsu- Mouth of Cook Inlet, tip of Kenai This area probably has the most diverse and abundant
la Coastal Marine Peninsula, and western Gulf of marine fauna and flora in the Cook Inlet region. Millions
Refuge Alaska. of seabirds, diving ducks, and shorebirds depend on the
Lat.: 58�50' to 59�50' N. tidelands and offshore waters. Important commercial stocks
(ADF&G) Long.: 15050' to 152040' W. of king crab, tanner crab, shrimps, herring, salmon, and
Quads: Afognak D-1. Seldovia A-4, halibut are present. Sea otters, sea lions, harbor and
(2, 3) 5, 6; B-4, 5, 6; C-3, 4; D-3. Dall porpoises, whales, and harbor seals feed on the fish,
shellfish, and plankton of the nearshore and offshore
See also DS5, D18, Area: 890,000 ac. waters. Land otters, wolverines, and black bears are
F2, F26. Includes part of the exposed outer abundant on the shorelands; mountain goats, martens, and
coast of the Kenai Peninsula, red foxes are occasionally abundant. Numerous bald eagles
Note: The Barren Kennedy Entrance, the Chugach and several nesting pairs of peregrine falcons are present.
Islands portion of Islands, the Barren Islands and Kennedy Entrance is an important feeding area for pelagic
this area is in surrounding waters out to 19 km, seabirds such as sooty shearwaters, fulmars, and petrels.
coastal region D. and the semi-protected and protect- Waters around the Barren Islands are important feeding and
ed shorelands of the south side of overwintering areas for puffins, murres, cormorants, and
Kachemak Bay. auklets.

Fll McNeil River Southwestern Cook Inlet, Kamishak The grass and sedge meadows of the shorelands and high in-
Coastal Marine Bay, McNeil Cove. tertidal areas adjacent to the McNeil River State Game
Sanctuary Lat.: 59�00' to 59010' N. Sanctuary are important to the large population of brown
Long.: 154�00' to 154020' W. bears that feeds and travels in the region in spring and
(ADF&G) Quads: Iliamna A-3, 4. summer, before the salmon runs begin in July. The proposed
sanctuary also has sizable colonies of double-crested cor-
(3) Area: 47,000 ac. morants (about 71 pairs) and common murres (about 2,500
Includes the tideflats, offshore total). These birds feed in the adjacent marine waters.
bars, shorelines, and several coves Glaucous-winged gulls nesting on Mushroom Rock probably
adjacent to McNeil River State Game feed on salmon at McNeil River Falls.
Sanctuary, and the adjacent marine
waters to the 30-ft isobath.

F12 Polly Creek Critical Western Cook Inlet, between The beaches in the proposed critical habitat area support
Habitat Redoubt and Tuxedni bays; creek high densities of razor clams, similar to areas in Clam
flows to Redoubt Point. Gulch State Critical Habitat across Cook Inlet. Razor
(ADF&G) Lat.: 60015' N. clams are abundant in this region because of its favorable
Long.: 152030' W. combination of substrate, wave exposure, water character-
(3) Quad: Kenai D-8. istics, and planktonic food stock. Razor clams are essen-
tially sessile animals, except for a brief planktonic
See also F38. Area: 12,160 ac. stage, and so depend on the quality of local intertidal
Includes the beaches and the waters substrate and nearshore waters throughout their life his-
out to the 18-ft isobath in the tory.
region where Polly Creek, Little
Polly Creek, and the Crescent River
empty into Cook Inlet.

F13 Redoubt Bay Coastal Northwestern Cook Inlet, Redoubt The Redoubt Bay flats are an important staging area for
Marine Refuge Bay. migrating water birds such as ducks, geese, swans, and
Lat.: 60035' N. shorebirds during April-May and August-October, and an
(ADF&G) Long.: 152010' W. important nesting area for ducks and swans during the
Quads: Kenai C-5, 6, 7; D-5, 6. summer. The density of breeding ducks in this area in the
(3) summer is about 75 per square mile. Snow geese and Canada
Area: 165,760 ac. geese are present during the spring on Bachatna Flats.
See also Fl. Contains the coastal wetlands and Molting white-fronted geese frequent this region in the
tideflats of the Redoubt Bay area, summer. Shorebirds feed on the tideflats during the
including Bachatna Flats, and the spring and fall, and gulls and ducks during the fall migra-
waters out to the 60-ft isobath. tion. Bachatna Flats may be an important spring feeding
area for brown bears and black bears.

174

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Critical habitat for Kachemak Bay State Park and To control and arbitrate Multiple use, unless Those that can be
numerous flora and portions of Fox River FHats conflicting demands on conflicting with the moved to alternate
fauna. and Kachemak Bay state this marine ecosystem; management purpose. sites.
critical habitat areas are to serve as a buffer to
in this area; also the Kachemak !Bay and Fox
towns of Seldovia, Halibut River Flats state criti-
Cove, English Bay, and Port cal habitat areas; and
Graham. to minimize the deleter-
ious impacts of future
demands on the non-
renewable resources of
the region.

Critical habitat for State jurisdiction. No To increase the area of Exclusive use by fish Those not compatible
brown bears, sea- special management. Uses protection provided by and wildlife in spring with the management
birds, and other include landing area for McNeil River State Game and summer; other uses purpose.
wildlife. floatplanes and boats Sanctuary by including if consistent with
carrying people to McNeil the important intertidal regulations in force
River State Game Sanctuary and nearshore regions within the existing
(adjacent to proposed sanc- and adjacent shorelands, McNeil River State
tuary); recreation; and which are important Game Sanctuary.
scientific research. feeding and traveling
corridors for brown
bears; to maintain the
area's fish and wildlife,
populations in a rela-
tively undisturbed state
in spring and summer.

Critical habitat for State jurisdiction. No To protect and maintain Those not degrading Those not compatible
razor clams. special management. Uses the habitat at a level the quality of the en- with the management
include recreational that will support the vironment necessary to purpose.
clamming, hunting, and dense populations of produce razor clams.
fishing. razor clams in the Polly
Creek region; to sustain
the clam stock for
future recreational and
potential commercial
uses.

Critical habitat for State jurisdiction. No To maintain the existing Multiple use, with Uses that can be dis-
water birds and special management. Uses diversity and abundance priority given to uses placed inland or moved
other fauna and include commercial and of water birds and wet- that must remain in to alternate sites,
flora. subsistence set-net fish- land vegetation and place, such as water- such as waste disposal
ing; recreational hunting, associated species that fowl nesting and and industrial staging
camping, and fishing; and depend on the quality of feeding. areas.
oil exploration. Trading the existing habitat in
Bay State Game Refuge is to the proposed refuge; to
the north. minimize the deleterious
impacts of competing
demands on the ecosys-
tem.

175

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

F1I4 Southern Kamishak Southwestern Cook Inlet, :lamishalk The grasslands and sedge meadows of the region provide a
Bay Critical lhabitat Bay, Aklunwarvik Bay. critical source of protein to brown hears during the
Lat.: 59�O5' N. spring. In late April, after emerging from their dens,
(ADFSG) long.: 15355' W. many brown bears move into the region to feed on vegetation
Quads: Iliamna A-1, 2, 3. until pink and chum salmon enter the McNeil, I)ouglas, and
(3) Kamishak rivers. The l)ouglas River flats is also an impor-
Area: O9,120 ac. tant staging area in spring and fall for Canada geese,
See also F6. Includes the beaches and adjacent ducks, and shorebirds. Bald eagles and cormorants nest in
shorelands east of Akumwarvik Bay this region. Peregrine falcons occur and may also nest
up to and including the Douglas near here.
River flats.

F15 Tuxedni Bay Coastal Western Cook Inlet; between According to a 1971 survey, 75,000-80,000 seabirds are
Marine Refuge Redoubt and Chinitna bays. associated with breeding colonies on Chisik Island and
Lat.: 60010' N. Duck Island during the summer. This is the largest con-
(ADF&G) Long.: 152�40' W. centration of nesting seabirds in Cook Inlet north of the
Quads: Kenai A-7, 8; B-7, 8. Barren Islands. The most common birds are black-legged
(3) Lake Clark A-l; B-1. kittiwakes and common murres, followed by horned puffins,
glaucous-winged gulls, and tufted puffins. Tuxedni Bay
and its extensive wetlands and tideflats are also an impor-
Area: 94,080 ac. tant staging area for spring and fall migrations of ducks,
Includes Tuxedni Bay, Chisik and geese, and shorebirds. Some overwintering of ducks and
Duck islands, and the waters to shorebirds may take place in the bay. The offshore waters,
about 3 mi south of Chisik Island, particularly to the south, are an important feeding area
out to the 120-ft isobath. for seabirds associated with the Chisik Island colonies.

F16 Beluga Coal Fields Inland of northwestern Cook Inlet, Coal fields.
northwest of Tyonek and Beluga.
(DCED) Lat.: 61"15' N (approx.).
Long.: 151�30' W (approx.).
(5) Quad: Tyonek.

Area: 26,000 ac.

F17 Beluga Power Station Northwestern Cook Inlet, 8 mi Potential power station.
northeast of Tyonek.
(DCED) Lat.: 61�10' N.
Long.: 151001' W.
(5) Quad: Tyonek.

Area: about 100 ac.

F18 Bradley Lake Southeastern Cook Inlet, Kachemak D1am construction, hydroelectric installation, power gener-
Bay, northeast of Homer in the ator to 70-118 NM. The Division of Energy and Power
(I)CEI) Chugach Mountains. Development estimates that this project has a reasonable
Lat.: 59044' N. expectation of being developed.
(5) Long.: 150048' W.
Quad: Seldovia.

Area:

F19 Chakachamna Lake Inland of northwestern Cook Inlet The Chakachamna Lake Hydroelectric Project involves tapping
and Trading Bay, between Chigmit Chakachamna Lake and carrying the water through an 11-mile
(DCLD) and Tordrillo mountains at head of tunnel to a proposed 320-MW power plant on the headwaters
Chakachatna River, 42 mi northwest of the McArthur River (at terminus of McArthur Glacier).
(5) of Tyonek. The Division of Energy and Power Development estimates that
Lat.: 61012'30" N. this project has a chance of being developed by the year
Long.: 152�35'30" W. 2000.
Quad: Tyonek.

Area:

176

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Primary Current Ownership, Proposed Uses Uses Not
Values Management, and Uses Management to be Allowed to be Allowed

Critical habitat for State jurisdiction. No To protect and maintain Exclusive use by wild- Those that would alter
hrown bears and special managemeLnt. lses the biological and life in spring and or destroy habitat or
birds. include recreational fish- physical features that fall. Human uses in prevent access to or
ing, hunting, and wildlife provide an essential winter and summer if drive away wildlife.
observation; and scientific spring feeding habitat not deleterious to
research. Adjacent to for coastal brown bears; wildlife or their
McNeil River State Game and to protect the habitat.
Sanctuary and Katmai Douglas River flats as a
National Monument. staging area for migra-
tory waterfowl and other
birds.

Critical habitat for State, federal, and private To protect and maintain Multiple use, with Those that can be
seabirds and ownership. No special the function of this priority given to uses located elsewhere,
migratory water management except the ecosystem as a breeding that must remain in such as waste disposal
birds. Tuxedni National Wildlife area for seabirds and place, such as seabird and industrial staging
Refuge on Chisik Island. staging area for migra- colonies and water areas.
Uses include a cannery at tory water birds; to bird staging areas.
Snug Harbor (Chisik I.), minimize the deleterious
commercial fishing, and impact of competing
recreation. demands.

Coal. Coal mining and
related facilities.

Power generation. Power generation.

llydroelcctric power. Protect value as Power generation.
hydroelectric site. Dam, generator, and
related facilities.

Hydroelectric power. Protect value as Power generation.
hydroelectric site. Tunnel, power plant,
and related facilities.

177

Areas Meriting Special Attention: Proposed

Coastal Region: Lower Cook Inlet

Proposed AMSA,
Proposer, Location, Size, Boundaries,
Source, and and Other Notable
No. Cross-references Geographic Considerations Description of Values and Conflicts

1F20 (Granite Point Northwestern Cook Inlet, g mi Potential port development: docking, transportation, and
southwest of Tyonelk. staging for upland resource development. Transportation
(ICil)) I.at.: ,l1)0'l N. of Beluga coal.
Long.: 151021' W.
(5) Quad: T'yonek.

Area: about 100 ac.

F21 Iniskin Bay Southwestern Cook Inlet, south of Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
Chinitna Point at mouth of Iniskin for upland resource development.
(DCL.D) River.
Lat.: 59039' N.
(5) Long.: 153027' W.
Quad: Iliamna.

Area: about 1,000 ac.

F22 Kamishak Bay Southwestern Cook Inlet; site is on Potential site for docking, transportation, and staging
north shore of Kamishak Bay. for upland resource development. Inland resource potential
(DCED) Lat.: 59015' N. excellent.
Long,: 153�50' W.
(5) Quad: Iliamna.