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                                                                                                                       COLUMBIA  RIVER ESTUARY STUDY   TASK FORCE

                                        COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY MARINA STUDY

                                                   Prepared for

                                    The Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce

                                                       by

                                               Michael B. Fraser
                                       CREST Intern and Graduate Student
                                       Marine Resource Management Program
                                            School of Oceanography
                                            Oregon State University
                                               Corvallis, Oregon

                                             US Departitnent of Commerce
            N
                                        XOAA Coastal Services Center Libraz7
                                              2234 South Robs= Avenue
                                              Charleston, SC 29405-2413

                    The preparation of this report was financed through grants from the
                    Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission.and the Washington
                    State Department of Ecology with funds.obtained from the National Oce-
                    anic and Atmospheric Administration, and appropriated for Section 306
                    of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972.,

                                                March 1978

                                              CREST COUNCIL MEMBERS

                    Oregon Member Governments                     Washington Member Governments

                    City of Astoria                               Town of Ilwaco
                    Robert Chopping - Delegate                    Gerald Faddis    Del egate

                    Jean H. Hallaux  - Alternate                  Patrick Schenk    Alternate

                    City of Warrenton                             City of Cathlamet
                    Roderick Gramson    Delegate                  William Anderson

                    Fred Andrus - Alternate

                    Town of Hammond                               Port of Ilwaco
                    Richard Carruthers                            Frank Heer - Delegate

                                                                  Bob Petersen - Alternate

                    Port of Astoria                               Pacific County
                    Al Rissman   Delegate                         Eldred Penttila - Delegate
                    Brook Robin   Alternate                       Bill Crossman - Alternate

                    Clatsop County                                Wahkiakum County
                    Orvo A. Nikula  - Delegate                    Robert E. Torppa - Delegate

                    Don 0. Corkill  - Alternate                   Leon Almer - Alternate

                                 Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce .(CREST)
                               Post Office Box 175, Room 202, Post Office Building
                                                Astoria, Oregon 97103

                                                      (503)325-0435

                                                    January, 1977

                                                          TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                  Page Number

                         I.  INTRODUCTION   ...............................                               1

                        II.  INVENTORY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED FACILITIES          ...............        2
                             A.  MARINAS  ...............................................                 2
                             B.  PUBLIC SHORELINE ACCESS WITH RAMPS OR DOCK          ............        12
                             C.  DRY STORAGE (COVERED)      .................................            17
                             D.  BOAT RENTALS   ..........................................               19
                             E.  EMERGENCY SERVICES     ....................................             20
                             F.  EXISTING SUPPLY OF MOORAGES, EXPANSION PLANS          ..........        20
                             G.  IDENTIFICATION KEY AND MAPS - FIGURE 1 AND INSERT           .....       24*

                      III.   BASIC OPERATING FORMS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES         ...... I .....      26
                             A.  FLOAT PLAN  ................................       vw..I ........       26
                             B.  REGISTRATION FORMS     ....................................             26
                             C.  LAUNCH RECORDS    .........................................             28
                             D.  LEASE AGREEMENT   ..............................        ..........      30
                             E.  WAITING LIST   .................................       .I ........      30
                             F.  WALL MAP   ...............................................              32
                             G.  RECORD STORAGE    ........................................              33
                             H.  ECONOMIC IMPACT QUESTIONNAIRE       .........................           33

                       IV.   PERMIT INFORMATION.                                                         37
                             A.  CREST'S ROLE   .........................      ...................       37
                             B.  OREGON   ................................................               38
                             C.  WASHINGTON  ............................................                40
                             D.  FEDERAL  ...............................................                42
                             E.  SUMMARY  ...............................................                43

                        V.   CRITERIA AND PLANNING GUIDELINES       ..........................           46
                             A.  SUGGESTED MARINA SITE EVALUATION CRITERIA          .............        46
                                 1.   Legal, Social and Economic Aspects of Site
                                            Identification    ................................           46
                                 a.   Land Ownership    ....................                             46
                                 b.   Alternative Uses   ................    *"**  ......                46
                                 c.   Land/Water Use Comprehensive Plans        ................         46
                                 d.   Marine Traffic Impacts      .............................          47
                                 e.   Location  .............................     I .............        47
                                 f.   Dredging Requirements    ..........  I ...................         47
                                 g.   Substratum  ......... ; ...............................            47
                                 h.   Size Preference   ................     ..................          47
                                 2.   Environmental Factors    ..............................            48
                                 a.   Exclusionary Criteria    ...............................           43
                                 b.   Tides  ..............................................              48
                                 c.   Currents  ...........................................              48
                                 d.   Water Quality    ......................................            48
                                 e.   Wind, Waves and Storms     ............................            48
                             B.  PLANNING GUIDELINES    ....................................             48
                                 1.   Minimum Values and Topics for Consideration          .......       48
                                 a.   Bulkhead Construction    .............................             49
                                 b.   Courtesy Float    ....................................             49
                                 c.   View Protection   ..........    ........................           49
                                 d.   Concentration of Facilities      ......... I ..............        49
                                 e.   Design for Future Expansion       ........................         50

                       *Follows the    page indicated.*

                                                                                       Page Number
                            f.  Entrance .........................................            50
                            g.  Approach Channel   .................................          50
                            h.  Turning Clearances   ...............................          50
                            i.  Sailboat Moorage   .................................          50
                            j.  Restrooms  ........................................           50
                            k.  Other Wastes   .....................................          51
                            1.  Potable Water  ....................................           51
                            m.  Firefighting   .....................................          51
                            n.  Water Hook-ups   ...................................          51
                            0.  Other Safety   .....................................          51
                            p.  Flushing Times   ...................................          52
                            q.  Concessions   ......................................          52
                            r.  Planning the Slip Sizes    ..........................         52
                            s.  Master Plan   ......................................          52
                            t.  Parking  ..........................................           52
                            u.  Financial  ........................................           53
                            v.  Grounds Development    ..............................         53
                            W.  Float Design   .....................................          53
                            X.  Boat Removal   .....................................          53
                            y.  Launching Ramps  ..................................           53
                            z.  Lighting ...................................     *......      53
                          aa.   Electric Power   ...................................          54
                          bb.   Fueling Station  ..................................           54
                          cc.   Sewage Pumpout Stations    ..........................         54
                          dd.   Recommended Minimum Space Requirements      ...........       54
                            2.  Sample Designs   ...................................          54
                            3.  Financial Planning   ...............................          55
                            a.  Marina Cost Estimate Checklist     ...................        55
                            b.  Analysis of Sample Revenues and Costs      ............       59
                            c.  Sample Format for Financial Planning     .............        59
                            4.  Sample Format and Baseline Data for Calculating
                                     New Moorage Slip Sizes     ......................        67
                            5.  Marine Sanitation Devices and Sewage Pumpout
                                       Stations ....................................          76
                            a.  Scope of MSD Requirements    ........................         77
                            b.  Coast Guard Certification of MSD's      ...............       77
                            c.  Flowthrough and No-Discharge Devices     .............        78
                            d.  Capacity .......                                              79
                            e.  Other Considerations    .............................         79
                            f.  Implications to CREST Area Marinas      ...............       79
                            g.  Location Recommendations    .........................         81
                            6.  Recommended Rate Structure Procedure     .............        81
                 VI.   DE14AND ANALYSIS  ...... ....................................          86
                       A.   EXTERNAL FACTORS   ..............................   ;......       86
                       B.   INTERNAL FACTORS   .....................................          86
                       C.   CURRENT DEMAND  .......................................           87
                            1. Waiting Lists   ....................................           87
                            2. Current Use Patterns     .............................         88
                       D.   DISAGGREGATED FUTURE MOORAGE DEMAND     ..................        89
                            1.  Future Demand for Charter Boat Moorages      ..........       89
                            2.  Demand for Commercial Moorages     ...................        91
                            3.  Gillnet Moorage Demand    ...........................         92
                            4.  Recreational Moorage Demand     ......................        96
                            5.  Future Demand for Sailboat Moorages      ..............       99
                            6.  Summary-of Future Demand for Moorages      ............       102
                       BIBLIOGRAPHY

                                                                                                Page Number
                       FIGURES
                       #1   Existing and Planned Marina Facilities        ...................          24*
                            Skipanon River Insert of Marina Facilities         ...............         24*
                        2   Typical Jurisdictions for Permits in Oregon         ..............         44
                        3   Typical Jurisdictions for Permits in Washington          ..........        4 .5
                        4   Alternative Functional Layouts       ...........................           56
                        5   Pleasure Boat Basin: Commercial and Social Activities           ....       57
                        6   Pleasure Boat Basin: On-Shore Facilities         .................         58
                        7   Length-Beam Relationship     ................................. .           68
                        8   Boat Length Distribution by Accumulative Curve Method.....                 74
                        9   Sample Data for Planning a Sewage Pumpout Station           ........       80

                       TABLES
                       #1   Summary of Existing and Planned Moorage in the Lower
                                  Columbia Estuary    ...................................              22
                        2   Analysis of Revenues & Costs      ............................             60
                        3   Cost-To-Revenue Analysis      ................................             61
                        4   Capital Cost, Depreciation Rate and Annual Depreciation
                                  by Item  .............................................               63
                        5   Sample Planning Costs (One-Time)       ........................            64
                        6   Sample Tabulation of Costs      ..............................             65
                        7   Sample Annual Costs     .....................................              66
                        8   Astoria Gillnet Size Distribution      ................     .......        69
                            Size Distribution for 1977 Commercial and Recreation
                                  Transients   .........................................               70
                       10   Sailboat Registrations in Oregon (1973-1977)          ............         71
                       11   Boat Length for 1977 Permanent Moorage (Hammond,
                                  Warrenton, Ilwaco and Astoria)       .....................           72
                       12   Format for Determining Rates      .............................            84
                       13   Summary for Moorage Demand Growth Rate for Charter Boats                   90
                       14   Oregon Commercial Licenses      ..............................             91
                       15   Summary for Moorage Demand Growth Rate for Commercial
                                  Boats  ..............................................                92
                       16   Summary for Moorage Demand Growth Rate for Gillnetters..                   94
                       17   Columbia River Gillnet Licenses       .........................            95
                       18   Oregon Recreational Licenses      ............................             97
                       19   Summary for Recreational Demand       .........................            99
                       20   Summary for Sailboat Moorage Demand        .....................          102.

                       *Follows the page indicated.

                                     The Columbia River Estuary Marina Study
                                is part of CREST's effort to collect anddis-
                                seminate information on subjects related to
                                planning in the area. This study is classified
                                as a CREST "Information Product" and was pre-
                                pared by the author during his 1977 summer in-
                                ternship with the CREST organization. The re-
                                port represents the views of the author and is
                                not intended to represent the views of CREST or
                                Oregon State University.

                  I.   INTRODUCTION

                       The goal of this report is to develop information to benefit the planning

                  and operation of marinas within the CREST area, as well as to generate data
                  for use by local Chambers of Commerce, planners, regulatory agencies, Port

                  Authorities and private developers. It is, however, the commercial, charter

                  and recreational boaters who ultimately benefit from new or expanded moorage

                  facilities and improved services.

                       The objectives of this report evolved through a series of meetings and

                  correspondence with the CREST Director and marina operators and planneks from
                  Oregon and Washington. These meetings narrowed the scope of the internship

                  to fit time and money constraints, while at the same time insuring that the

                  final report would be beneficial to all those concerned with moorage facilities

                  within the CREST area.

                       The objectives for the study are as follows:
                       1. to develop an inventory of existing and planned facilities,

                          noting the timetable for expansion;
                       2. to develop registration forms and questionnaires, as  needed by  the

                          marinas;

                       3. to develop information on the permit process for the development of

                          new marinas and the expansion of existing facilities;

                       4. to develop criteria for marina site selection; and

                       5. to develop a demand analysis for current and future moorage.

               II. INVENTORY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED FACILITIES

                    one of the major activities based in the Columbia River estuary is the
               charter, recreational and commercial fishing industry that utilizes moorage on
               both sides of the river. This section examines the current supply of moorages,
               launching ramps, boat rental facilities and emergency services that support
               boating activities. In addition to a narrative description of the facilities,
               a locational map and a summary table of moorage supply and expansion plans are

               presented.

                    These  narrative descriptions are coded to correlate with the identification

               key, Figure 1 and the Skipanon River insert located at the end of this section.

               A.   MARINAS

                    These are descriptions of the major existing and planned marinas that are

               open to the public within the CREST area. Numerous private tie-ups and

               moorages, U.S.C.G. moorages, and certain commercial moorages closed to the

               general public are not included.

                    The marinas examined in this report differ widely in ownership, size,

               record keeping p rocedure, rate structure, op  erating procedure, and types of

               services available. However, one feature common to all the marinas is a main

               operating season from mid-May to mid-October.

                    Since the moorage supply situation is continually evolving, it is important
               that a prospective user of a facility make direct contact with the person
               responsible for operations, in order to obtain the most current information on
               the availability of moorage and the rate structure.
               Fil  COUNTY:     Clatsop
                    NAME:       Hammond Boat Basin

                    CONTACT:    Mr. Bob  Fox, Harbormaster, 1-503-861-1461

                                Mr. Don  Shaw, 1-503-861-1078

                    OWNERSHIP:  Location is owned by the Corps of Engineers and leased to the
                                Town of Hammond on a twenty-five year lease.

                    OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Hammond Parks and Recration Committee
                    ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Drive west on Hwy 101 from Astoria, cross the Youngs
                                Bay Bridge, turn right at Youngs Bay Plaza Shopping Center to
                                downtown Warrenton,. bear right past the Post Office on

                                                         -2-

                                     Warrenton Drive, go 2 miles and turn right at the ARCO station

                                     in Hammond. The basin is 1/4 mile down the road just east of

                                     the Fort Steven's Historical area. If driving up Hwy 26 from

                                     Seaside, take the Ridge Road turnoff near Warrenton High School

                                     and drive north past Fort Steven's State Park to the basin, a

                                     distance of 4.5 miles.

                         ACCESS BY WATER: Entrance between the new breakwaters is near buoy 25 of
                                     the Columbia River just upriver of the Bar Pilot's Pier.
                         TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - pay telephone, diesel and gas, minor parts,

                                     restroom (no shower), ice, fish cleaning and storage, USCG
                                     Auxiliary. Off site - snacks, groceries, beverages, tackle,

                                     bait, propane, laundromat, repairs.
                         RAMP:       Yes. Six lanes, paved, operational at low tide; $3 in/out

                                     maximum capacity 400 boats/day-
                         PARKING:    10 acres, mostly unpaved;   adequate except for peak ramp use

                                     days.
                         MOORAGES:   178 available    most berths have electricity and water. These

                                     berths are for charter and recreation vessels only, due to

                                     terms of the lease. Space for deep draft and long vessels is
                                     limited. Currently all berths are leased by the year. There
                                     are over 300 applicants on the waiting list and the yearly
                                     turnover is only 4-6 boats.
                         RATES:      6@/foot/day based on a 90 day season; may go up for the 1978

                                     season.

                         EXPANSION PLANS: Plans anticipate sewer completion in 1979-80. Current

                                     priorities are as follows:

                                     1.  Install floats southwest of Floats D and E to provide 53

                                         new berths for boats up to 21 feet in length.

                                     2.  Rip-rap (inside) basin perimeter.
                                     3.  Install additional moorage in the eastern section of basin

                                         to bring the  total new moorage to 600-700; new floats to
                                         include 50-65 moorages for charter boats.
                                     4.  Finish grading and preparation of new parking areas;

                                         approximately 20 acres.
                                     5.  Landscape and construct lawns and parking areas
                                         for two (2) viewpoint parks.

                                                              -3-

                               6. Construct new ramp facility at northwest area of basin, and
                                   new alignment of existing road to entire facility.
                               .7. Install additional customer services as necessary; new

                                   restrooms, sewage pumpout station, additional lighting, etc.

                   COUNTY:     Clatsop

                   NAME:       Warrenton City Boat Basin

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Wm. Hartley, Harbormaster, 1-503-861-2821

                   OWNERSHIP:  municipal

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Municipal
                   ACCESS BY   HIGHWAY: Turn off Hwy 101 onto E. Harbor Drive at the Youngs Bay
                               Plaza intersection. Follow E. Harbor Drive to the west for .9
                               mile. Basin'entrance i*s on right just before Skipanon River Bridge.
                   ACCESS BY WATER: The basin is located on the east bank of the Skipanon

                               River just downstream from the Harbor Street Bridge.

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - bait, soda, sandwiches, tackle, licenses, ice,

                               fish bags and tags, restroom (no shower), pay telephone, fish
                               cleaning and storage. Off site - major repairs, drug store,
                               groceries, welding, machine shop, diesel and prop repairs,

                               gifts and fuel.

                   RAMP:       No. Nearest one is located at the Hammond Boat Basin.

                   PARKING:    Adequate, but cramped on weekends and during the summer.

                   MOORAGE:    305 berths with electricity and water; 16 charter, 200

                               recreation, 3 sailboat, and 86 commercial. There is a definite

                               trend towards longer moorage leases, since turnover rate in

                               1976 was 50% of the 1972 rate.

                   RATES:      $5.00/foot/year. Minimum $125 for one year's moorage. Three
                               month fee equals yearly fee.

                   EXPANSION PLANS:

                               1.  Pier with finger floats for 30 commercial boats up to 100',
                                   also a hoist for nets, gear, engines (not boats). All
                                   permits are in; final specifications are being drawn up,
                                   and bids will be accepted in the fall of 1977. Estimated
                                   cost including dreding 8,000 cu. yds, is $110,000. No rate

                                   increase is expected.
                                         r-n
                               2. see 1141.
                                         -L--J

                                                        -4-

                  F31   COUNTY:     Clatsop
                        NAME:       West End Mooring Basin/Fisherman's Dock

                        CONTACT:    Mr. Howard Lovvold, 1-503-325-4521

                        OWNERSHIP:  Port of Astoria

                        OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Port of Astoria

                        ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: In Astoria, turn north off Marine Drive (Hwy 30). The

                                    basin is just east of the Thunderbird Inn.

                        ACCESS BY WATER: 1/2 mile downriver from the Astoria-Megler Bridge on the

                                    south bank.

                        TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - charters, electric hoist for engines, six

                                    covered moorages, transient moorage for 45 boats (no water or

                                    electricity), restroom with shower, fuel, minor parts,

                                    restaurant, motel, laundromat, workboat, tackle, bait, fish

                                    cleaning.
                        RAMP:       No. Nearest is at the East End Mooring Basin.
                        PARKING:    Adequate, with additional parking 1/4 mile away.

                        MOORAGE:    412 berths; 11 charter, 15 sailboats, 193 recreation and 193

                                    commercial. Peak use is during gillnet season when gillnet
                                    boats are often six deep by the breakwater. Winter use - 225
                                    boats, 75% are commercial (shrimp and trawlers) and 25%

                                    recreation.

                        RATES:      Check with facility. Last increase was 10% in February, 1977,

                                    due to inflation.

                        EXPANSION  PLANS:

                                    1.  In February, 1978 - remove Phillips Oil Tanks and put in
                                        more long-term parking; dredge the basin.
                                    2.  New 40' x 60' machine shop just east of existing building
                                        for gas, diesel, fiberglass, controls, welding, prop and

                                        hydraulics work.
                                    3.  120 berths planned for 3 acre site just east of       existing

                                        basin. Berths will be 30-60 feet long, permits       will be
                                        applied for in the winter of 1977, and the bulkheads will

                                        be realigned.

                        COUNTY;     Clatsop

                        NAME:       East End Mooring Basin

                                                             -5-

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Howard Lovvold, 1-503-325-4521

                   OWNERSHIP: Port of Astoria

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Port of Astoria

                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Located between Astoria and Tongue Point, just off

                               Hwy 30.

                   ACCESS BY WATER: Basin has two entrances; one on each of the east and         west

                               sides of the breakwater. Facility is upriver from the Astoria-

                               Megler Bridge on the south bank.

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: Gillnet drying, no restroom or shower.
                   RAMP:       Yes. Single paved lane, vulnerable at low tide.

                   PARKING:    Unpaved, adequate.

                   MOORAGE:    65 berths, mostly large commercial and gillnet; basin is

                               vulnerable to storms.

                   RATES:      Check with operator.

                   EXPANSION  PLANS: Realignment of the breakwaters is being discussed with
                               the Corps of Engineers. Such a realignment would expand the
                               East End Basin potential capacity by an estimated 700 berths.
             1-51  COUNTY:     Clatsop
                   NAME:       Skipanon Charters Moorage

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Al Oakley, 1-503-861-2221

                   OWNERSHIP:  Private

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Turn off Hwy- 101 onto E. Harbor Drive at the Youngs Bay

                               Plaza intersection. Follow E. Harbor Drive west 1.1 mile. Then

                               head north along N.E. Skipanon Drive for 1/4 mile.

                   ACCESS BY WATER: Located on the Skipanon River west bank, just south of

                               Port Warren.

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: On site       restaurant, charters, tackle, bait, ice, minor

                               parts, gifts, gas and diesel, restroom (no shower), pay

                               telephone, no special transient area. Nowaiting list.

                   RAMP:       No. Nearest one is located at the Hammond Boat Basin.

                   PARKING:    Crowded on busy charter days.

                   MOORAGE:    231 berths; peak use pattern - 36 commercial, 30 charter,

                               balance recreational.

                   RATES:      $1.50/foot/month for 5 month season

                                                        -6-

                                     $1.50/foot/month for 10 months (yearly rate)
                                     Operator reserves the right to charge for electricity and water.
                         EXPANSION PLANS: Possible options (no timetable available):
                                     1. Rebuild the bar and restaurant.
                                     2. Install a do-it-yourself repair facility with haulout.
                                     3. Install a dry storage system with storage racks.

                   F
                    6@ COUNTY:       Clatsop
                         NAME:       Warrenton Deep Sea Inc.
                         CONTACT:    Mr. Bud Charlton, 1-503-861-1233

                         OWNERSHIP:  Private
                         OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private
                         ACCESS BY HIGHWAY:. Turn off Hwy 101 onto E. Harbor Drive at Youngs
                                     Bay Plaza intersection. Follow E. Harbor Drive west for
                                     1 mile. Turn right just after crossing Skipanon River Bridge.
                         ACCESS BY WATER: On the Skipanon River west ban    Ik just south of Skipanon

                                     Charters.

                         TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - tackle, charters, licenses, restroom on

                                     sewer (no shower), no special transient area. Off site - fuel,

                                     repairs, restaurant, drugstore, groceries.
                         RAMP:       Yes. Small, 1 lane-gravel for friends and emergencies only.

                         PARKING:    Limited to 35 cars.

                         MOORAGE:    35 berths with electricity and water; current mix is 12 charter

                                     (2 do crab fishing in winter), 6 commercial, and 17 recreational.

                         RATES:      6@/fOot/day based on a 90 day season.

                         EXPANSION PLANS: None

                   F7    COUNTY:     Clatsop
                         NAME:       Port Warren (operational 1 October 1977)

                         CONTACT:    Mr. Keith Cook, 1-503-861-1802

                         OWNERSHIP:  Private

                         OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Owner's Marina Association

                         ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Turn of f Hwy 101 onto E. Harbor Drive at the Youngs
                                     Bay Plaza intersection. Follow E. Harbor Drive to the west
                                     1-1 mile. Turn right onto N.E. Skipanon Drive. Proceed
                                     north -3 mile. Marina adjacent to condominiums.
                                                              -7-

                   ACCESS BY WATER: Enter the Skipanon River; moorage is on the west bank

                               just south of the Union 76 Fuel Dock at Grant's Marina.

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - moorage only. Off site - restaurant, charters,

                               bait, tackle, restrooms, fuel, repairs, pay telephone.

                   MOORAGE:    55 berths; 32 had been sold by 1 September 1977. All berths

                               have  electricity, water and lights. The mix of berths is:

                               17  - 241
                               12  - 30'
                               14  - 36'
                                 6 - 421
                                 6 - 551
                               55  Total,

                   RATES:      To  be established

                   PARKING:    Limited

                   PAMP:       No

                   EXPANSION PLANS: None
              F8   COUNTY:     Clatsop
                   NAME:       Proposed Marina has no name

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Dave Palmberg, 1-503-861-1141

                   OWNERSHIP:  Private

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Turn off Hwy 101 at Youngs Bay Plaza. Follow E.
                               Harbor Drive west 1.1 mile. Turn right onto N.E. Skipanon
                               Drive. Proceed north .3 mile. Follow paved New England

                               Fish access road to river.

                   ACCESS BY WATER: RM 2.2 on the Skipanon River.
                   TYPE OF SERVICES: Restrooms, major repair facilities, dry storage, bait,
                               tackle, ice; no fuel or special transient areas are planned.
                   RAMP:       A ramp similar to Hammond's is planned.
                   PARKING:    +6 acres paved (planned).

                   MOORAGE:    600 to 800 berths are planned.

                   RATES:      No estimate

                   TIMETABLE FOR CONSTRUCTION: Depends upon outcome of the Harbor Street

                               Bridge issue.

                   STATUS:     No permits have been applied for.
           F9      COUNTY:     Pacific
                   NAME:       Port of Ilwaco

                        CONTACT:     Mr. Bob Petersen, Manager, 1-206-642-3144

                        OWNERSHIP: Port of Ilwaco

                        OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Port of Ilwaco

                        ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Facility is in the town of Ilwaco, 11.2 miles west of

                                     the Washington side of the Astoria-Megler Bridge.
                        ACCESS BY WATER: Turn north by buoy 11, keeping the buoy to port and the

                                     Sand Island pile dike to starboard. The channel is 3 miles
                                     long, congested and has shoaling problems in the first 1/2

                                     mile past buoy 11.
                        TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - charters, restaurants, restroom on sewer (no

                                     shower), workboat with pump, special transient area, 2 fuel

                                     docks, ice, bait, tackle, m  ajor boat repair.
                        RAMP:        No. Nearest is Ft. Canby; Ilwaco has two 7-ton hoists and a
                                     new 50 ton hoist is planned for the repair facility.

                        PARKING:     Adequate
                        MOORAGE:     1,000 berths; 300 charter, 300 commercial and 400 recreational.

                        PATES:       Variety of rates - contact the facility. 1973 rates increased

                                     20-25%; 1976 rates increased 10%, 1977 same rates as 1976.

                        EXPANSION  PLANS:

                                     1.  Considering a sewage pumpout station.
                                     2.  Additional lighting, landscaping, paving in the area of

                                         the hoists. Consultants are developing a master plan for

                                         this area.

                                     3. An additional basin south of the existing breakwater is

                                         being considered for expansion.
                   F-01 COUNTY:      Pacific
                        NAME:        Port of Chinook

                        CONTACT:     Mr. Glen Eager, manager, 1-206-777-8797 between 8-9 A.M. only

                        OWNERSHIP:   Port of Chinook

                        OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Port of Chinook

                        ACCESS BY  HIGHWAY: 4-1/4 miles west of the Astoria-Megler Bridge; turn

                                     south on Portland Street and drive one block to the basin.

                        ACCESS BY  WATER: 1-1/4 mile channel to the Columbia River main channel.
                        TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - restroom on septic field (no showers), fish
                                     scale, fuel. Repairs must be done in Astoria or Ilwaco.

                                                              -9-

                   RAMP:       Yes. $3.00 in/out; also a 5 ton hoist. Ramp has 3 lanes paved,

                               with corrugated concrete at the bottom; it is vulnerable at low

                               .tide.

                   PARKING:    Overflows on peak use days

                   MOORAGE:    323 berths and about half have electricity and water; 162

                               commercial (many small boats have these licenses); 161

                               recreational. There is space for 20 boats over 40'; during

                               winter about 40 boats stay (mostly commecial and over 351 long).

                               Peak demand is during gillnet season when 50-60 gillnetters

                               want moorage.
                   RATES:      Check with facility. Daily, monthly and yearly rates available.
                   EXPANSION PLANS: Long range plans (less than 5 years in the future) may
                               include removing the existing breakwater and building a new one

                               south of the existing breakwater location to expand the basin.

              11_11 COUNTY:    Wahkiakum
                   NAME:       Elochoman Slough Marina (Cathlamet)

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Dale Rhoades, Manager, 1-206-795-3501

                   OWNERSHIP:  Port District #1, Wahkiakum County

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Port District #1

                   ACCESS BY  HIGHWAY: This marina is located off Washington SR 4 in

                               Cathlamet, approximately 45 miles east of the Astoria-Megler
                               Bridge. If approached from Oregon, take Hwy 30 to Westport,
                               take the ferry to Puget Island, and cross the bridge over the

                               north channel into Cathlamet.

                   ACCESS BY WATER: 1/2 mile downriver from the Puget Island Bridge, then

                               head north up the channel that is east of Hunting Island.
                   TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - picnic tables, restroom (no showers), grocery

                               delivery, 2 covered moorages, no charter. Off site - drugstore,

                               restaurant, bar, repairs.
                   RAMP:       Yes. Solid concrete, 3 lanes     do-it-yourself, $1.00 in/out.

                               1500 launched in 1976.     Not vulnerable to low tide.

                   PARKING:    Gravel, with room for an estimated 100 car/trailer units.

                   MOORAGE:    75 berths plus 2 covered; 37 are small commercial, 35

                               recreational and 3 sailboats. Basin is rock-lined and so no

                                                        _10-

                                      dredging is required. Winter use - 15 commercial vessels and

                                      15 recreation. This facility gets swamped by heavy transient

                                      demand.

                          RATES:      Check with facility.

                          EXPANSION PLANS:

                                      l.. Add a gas and diesel fuel dock in 1977.

                                      2.  Add 4 showers in 1978 and increase moorage by 50 berths.
                                      3.  The feasibility of a sewage pumpout station is being

                                          discussed.

                                      4.  A service center and motel are also being planned.

                   1121   COUNTY:     Clatsop
                   L-J
                          NAME:       Proposed marina to be   located just west of the existing Warrenton

                                      City Basin

                          CONTACT:    Mr. Keith Cook, 1-503-861-1802

                          OWNERSHIP:  Private

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Entrance planned just east of Harbor Street Bridge

                          ACCESS BY WATER: RM 1.9 Skipanon River

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: Moorage only

                          RAMP:       No

                          PARKING:    Limited

                          MOORAGE:    35 berths planned for small, recreational vessels

                          RATES:      Not yet determined

                          EXPANSION PLANS: Plan to start construction in March, 1978

                          STATUS:     No permits have been issued yet.

                    r --i
                     1@31 COUNTY:     Clatsop
                          NAME:       John Day River Marina

                          CONTACT:    Mr. Don Stewart, 1-503-325-6422

                          OWNERSHIP:  Private

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Take Hwy 30 east of Astoria. Proposed site is on the

                                      west bank of the John Day River just south of where Hwy 30

                                      crosses the river.

                          ACCESS BY WATER: Enter the John Day River, proposed site is upstream on
                                      the west bank just past Hwy 30 bridge.

                                                              -11-

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: None at present
                   RAMP:       Not planned, nearest is John Day River ramp.
                   PARKING: Not established yet

                   EXPANSION PLANS: This planned facility will have 20-40 moorages for small

                               recreation vessels and gillnet boats (26' limit). Additional

                               covered moorage is planned.

              1141 COUNTY:     Clatsop
              L - -i
                   NAME:       New Warr enton  City Boat Basin

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Wm. Hartley, Harbormaster, 1-503-861-2821

                   OWNERSHIP:  Municipal

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Municipal
                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Turn off to Warrenton from Hwy 101 at Youngs. Bay
                               Plaza and drive north .9 mile. The basin is on the right just

                               before crossing the Harbor Street Bridge.

                   ACCESS BY WATER: The basin is located on the east bank of the Skipanon

                               River just downstream from the Harbor Street Bridge.

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - bait, soda, sandwiches, tackle, licenses, ice,

                               fish bags and tags, restroom (no shower), pay telephone, fish

                               cleaning and storage. Off site - major repairs, drugstore,

                               groceries, welding, machine shop, diesel and prop repairs, gifts,

                               and fuel.

                   RAMP:       No. Nearest one is located at the Hammond Boat Basin.

                   EXPANSION  PLANS: Long range plans include a new basin on a 15 acre site
                               with a separate entrance just to the northeast of the existing

                               basin. It will include 300-400 berths for recreation' and charter

                               boats, space for parking and restrooms.

                   STATUS:     No permits have been applied for since construction is not
                               expected for at least 5 years.
              [151 COUNTY:     Clatsop
                   NAME:       Grant's  Marina/Fuel Dock

                   CONTACT:    Mr. Gordon Grant, 1-503-861-1821

                   OWNERSHIP:  Private

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Take the turnoff to Warrenton from Hwy 101 near Youngs
                               Bay Plaza; turn right.after crossing the Harbor Street Bridge in

                                                         -12-

                                      Warrenton and drive past Port Warren on the gravel road; the

                                      facility is located just west of New England Fish Company.

                          ACCESS BY WATER: West bank of the Skipanon River near the mouth.

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - parts, repairs, ice, tackle, diesel, gas.

                          MOORAGE:    20 berths

                          RATES:      Check with facility

                          PARKING:    Limited

                          RAMP-       No. Nearest one is at Hammond

                          EXPANSION  PLANS: None

                   B.     PUBLIC SHORELINE ACCESS WITH RAMPS OR DOCKS

                          The following existing and planned facilities do not have moorage associated

                   with them. Most are do-it-yourself, unmanned facilities with either no charge or

                   a token fee for use. The major restraints on ramp usage are the lack of adequate

                   parking and the vulnerability of the ramps to low tide. Public usage of these

                   facilities varies with the location and fishing season. Peak use is on the public

                   ramps nearest the Columbia River bar during gillnet season. At other times from

                   May to October, the weekends and evenings are      the heavy-use periods.
                   0
                          COUNTY:     Clatsop
                     1

                          NAME:       Ft. Stevens State Park (Coffenbury and Crabapple Lakes)

                          CONTACT:    Mr. Bob Franklin, 1-503-861-1092

                          OWNERSHIP:  State of Oregon
                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: State of Oregon, Department of Transportation,

                                      State Parks Division

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Take Hwy 101 to the Ridge Road turnoff near the

                                      Warrenton High School and drive north for 3-1/2 miles to the

                                      overnight camp entrance. Drive west past the registration

                                      booth and follow the signs.
                          TYPE OF SERVICES: Both lakes allow only shallow draft vessels because the
                                      water table is low during the summer. Coffenbury Lake has a 2
                                      lane paved ramp with restrooms (showers), picnic tables,
                                      swimming, fishing dock, pay telephone, water, electricity and

                                      2 parking areas nearby. Crabapple Lake has 2 single lane gravel
                                      ramps that are inoperable during low water in the summer. No
                                      services on site. Park at Coffenbury Lake. In addition, Ft.

                                                               -13-

                                Stevens has a full range of camping, hiking, bike riding, jetty

                                fishing, and other activities to offer the visitor.

                   RATES:       No charge to launch or recover vessels.

                   EXPANSION PLANS: No new ramps are planned, as use rate is low. The park

                                plans to connect to the new Hammond-Warrenton sewer system

                                (1979-81), and to build a new visitor's center and a service

                                yard to sell gas.

                   COUNTY:      Clatsop

                   NAME:        Private ramp near Youngs River Falls

                   CONTACT:     Mr. F. Ginoroz

                   OWNERSHIP:   Private

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: 12 miles south of Youngs Bay Bridge on Hwy 202, just
                                across small bridge on Youngs River Loop.

                   TYPE OF SERVICES: 1 lane gravel ramp

                   PARKING:     4 cars maximum

                   RATES:       No charge, obtain owner's permission

                   EXPANSION PLANS: None

                   COUNTY:      Clatsop

                   NAME:        Yacht Club

                   CONTACT:     Astoria City Park  Department

                   OWNERSHIP:   Municipal

                   OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: City Park Department

                   ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Drive south on Hwy 202 from Youngs Bay Bridge; ramp
                                is located jus t south of old Hwy 101 bridge on the east bank

                                of the bay.
                   TYPE OF SERVICES: 1 lane ramp with corrugated concrete expansion blocks,

                                no public restrooms, moorage. for Clatsop Community College

                                Oceanography vessels; ramp.is vulnerable at low tide.

                   PARKING:     Limited

                   RATES:       No charge

                   EXPANSION PLANS: None

                   COUNTY:      Clatsop

                   NAME:        John Day Boat Ramp

                                                       -14-

                          OWNERSHIP: Clatsop County

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Clatsop County

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Located just east of Tongue Point, 6 miles east of

                                      Astoria off Hwy 30.

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - 2 lane ramp, corrugated concrete; portable
                                      chemical toilet. off site      gas, auto repair, welding.

                          PARKING:    Gravel; capacity 15 car/trailers and.10 cars..

                          RATES:      No charge

                          EXPANSION PLANS: None

                          COUNTY:     Clatsop

                          NAME:       Knappa Dock

                          OWNERSHIP:  Crown Zellerbach

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Crown Zellerbach

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Drive north through Knappa off Hwy 30, the dock is 2

                                      miles from Hwy 30.

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - dock, no ramp or public restrooms. Off site

                                      gas, groceries, outboard motor repair and parts.
                          PAPKING:    Capacity - 10 cars maximum

                          EXPANSION PLANS: None

                          COUNTY:     Clatsop

                          NAME:       Aldrich Point Boat Ramp

                          OWNERSHIP:  Clatsop County

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Clatsop County

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Take the Brownsmead turnoff from Hwy 30 east of

                                      Astoria, drive north 1.1 miles, turn east across bridge, then

                                      drive north 4.3 miles on Aldrich Point Road. Road narrows.

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: 1 lane ramp, corrugated concrete; portable chemical

                                      toilet available.

                          PARKING:    Gravel, capacity    25 car/trailer units

                          RATES:      No charge

                          EXPANSION PLANS: None

                          COUNTY:     Clatsop

                          NAME:       Westport Ramp

                          OWNERSHIP:  Private

                                                              -15-

                    OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Clatsop County
                    ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: 27 miles east of Astoria on Hwy 30, turn north at the

                              . sign for the ferry then take the first right.

                    TYPE OF SERVICES: On site - 2 lane ramP, corrugated concrete, portable
                               chemical toilet. Off site - tavern, motel, gas, laundry,
                               groceries, picnic area.
                    PARKING:   Gravel,,capacity - 50 car/trailer units

                    RATES:     No charge

                    EXPANSION PLANS: None

                    COUNTY:    Pacific

                    NAME:      Ft. Canby Boat Launch

                    OWNERSHIP: Federal

                    OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Federal

                    ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Drive west of Ilwaco towards the camping and inter-

                               pretive center areas. Ramp is located on the Ilwaco channel.

                    TYPE OF SERVICES: The ramp has    two lanes of corrugated'concrete separated

                               by a pier. The ramp    is.vulnerable to wakes. There is a rest-

                               room (no shower) and   ice, biat,,tackle nearby. In addition,
                               Ft. Canby offers a full range of visitor services and attractions

                               including beach access, overnight camping, and a visitor's center.

                    PARKING:   Gravel, room for 50 car/trailers with a nearby lot for 70 more.

                    RATES:     No charge

                    EXPANSION PLANS: None

                    COUNTY:    Wahkiakum

                    NAME:     'Oneida Boat Launch

                    OWNERSHIP: Private

                    OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                    ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Take the Oneida Road turnoff from Washington SR 4 west

                               of the bridge over the Deep River.

                    TYPE OF SERVICES: 1 lane ramp. Access by water is restricted by the low

                               bridge.

                    PARKING:   Limited

                    RATES:     Small fee

                    EXPANSION PLANS: None

                                                       -16-

                          COUNTY:    Wahkiakum

                          NAME:      Brooks Slough Ramp

                          OWNERSHIP: Washington Department of Game

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Washington Department of Game
                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: 40 miles east of Astoria-Megler Bridge on SR 4, just

                                     east of Skamokawa.

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: 1 lane ramp of corrugated concrete sections, no rest

                                     rooms;,ramp is vulnerable at low tide.

                          PARKING:   Gravel, 20 car/trailers

                          RATES:     No charge

                          EXPANSION PLANS: None

                    K_'l
                     11,  COUNTY:    Wahkiakum

                          NAME:      Skamokawa Park

                          CONTACT:   Mr. Greg Fisher, 1-206-795-3651

                          OWNERSHIP: Wahkiakum Port District #2

                          OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Wahkiakum Port District #2

                          ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Located on the old school site in Skamokawa off SR 4.

                          TYPE OF SERVICES: This planned facility will include a do-it-yourself
                                     boat launch, ball park, day-use and overnight facilities and,
                                     possibly, an interpretive center.
                          PARKING:   Adequate parking is being planned.

                          RATES:     A small fee will be charged to use the ramp
                          STATUS:    Construction is expected to commence spring, 1978

                    il2j, COUNTY:    Wahkiakum
                          NAME:      Net Rack Slough Ramp
                          This facility is planned for Puget Island by Wahkiakum Port District #2.
                          No additional information, but the ramp will riot be built in the near

                          future.

                    C.    DRY STORAGE (COVERED)

                          This section catalogs only the covered dry storage within the CREST area.

                    Location plays a key role for these types of facilities, as covered dry storage
                    must be located within easy driving distance of a launching ramp, must offer
                    excellent security, and must charge a reasonably low rate to compete with

                    storage at the boat owner's home.

                                                              -17-

                     COUNTY:      Pacific

                     NAME:        Paul's Adult Trailer Park: Boat and Trailer Storage

                     CONTACT:     Mr. Paul Luethe, 1-206-642-3566

                     OWNERSHIP:   Private

                     OPERATING   RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                     ACCESS BY   HIGHWAY: Located off Hwy 101, just east of Ilwaco.
                     TYPE OF SERVICES: Trailer park, covered dry moorage, open dry moorage,

                                  restrooms with showers. Covered storage for 11 stalls, 27'

                                  limit.

                     NEAREST RAMP: Hoists in Ilwaco; ramp and hoist in Chinook.
                     RATES:       Covered dry storage $175/year; open dry storage $12/year; next
                                  year (1978) will increase to $15/year.

                     EXPANSION PLANS: None

                     COUNTY:      Pacific

                     NAME:        Dry storage near Chinook Cannery
                     C014TACT:    Mr. Ben Macy (owner - lives next door)

                     OWNERSHIP:   Private

                     OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY:       Private

                     ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Drive west on Hwy,101 from the Astoria-Megler Bridge

                                  to Chinook. Facility is the.brown building next door to the

                                  Chinook Cannery.
                     TYPE OF SERVICES: Covered dry storage only; 7 stalls limited to 261.boats.

                     NEAREST RAMP: Port of Chinook

                     RATES:       Check with facility

                     EXPANSION PLANS: None

                     COUNTY:      Clatsop

                     NAME:        Boat and Trailer Storage

                     CONTACT:     Mr. Bob Wilson, 1-503-861-2853 after 5 P.M.

                     OWNERSHIP:   Private

                     OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private.

                     ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: Take the Warrenton turnoff from Hwy 101 at Youngs Bay

                                  Plaza; drive through Warrenton towards Hammond, and the

                                  facility is .7 miles from the Harbor Street Bridge in Warrenton.

                     TYPE OF SERVICES: Covered dry storage in a 70' x 100' building; 20 stalls
                                  16' high and 28' deep; go-kart available for maneuvering

                                                             -18-

                                     trailers. Ten stalls have boats in them and the remainder are

                                     filled with  furniture or cars.

                         NEAREST RAMP: Hammond Boat Basin.

                         RATES:      $25/month; $1/day; $250/year                                      %
                         EXPANSION PLANS: Facility stays full and could be expanded 25% easily.

                                     However, at present, there are no plans to expand.

                     4 1 COUNTY:     Clatsop

                         NAME:       Covered dry storage under construction

                         CONTACT:    Mr. Dave Palmberg, 1-503-861-1141

                         This facility will be located just off Hwy 101 in Warrenton and is under

                         construction. No additional information is available on rates or type

                         of services.

                     5   Covered dry storage facility on the John Day River is discussed as part of

                         the expansion plans for the proposed marina on the John Day River.

                    D.   BOAT RENTALS

                         Facilities for renting boats within the CREST area are not well developed.
                    There is one facility planned; there are no existing ones. This is generally
                    attributed to the danger of crossing the Columbia River Bar and the requisite

                    high level of seamanship.

                         COUNTY:     Clatsop

                         NAME:       Jim Ritchie RV Sales and Boat/Trailer Rental

                         CONTACT:    Mr. Jim Ritchie, 1-503-325-5814

                         OWNERSHIP:  Private

                         OPERATING RESPONSIBILITY: Private

                         ACCESS BY HIGHWAY: .8 miles south on Hwy 202 from the east end of the

                                     Youngs Bay Bridge

                         NEAREST RAMP: Yacht Club

                         TYPE OF SERVICES: On site @ RV sales, boat and trailer rental, 20 room

                                     motel, propane, boat repair, welding, gas engine work, pay

                                     telephone. Off site      laundromat, restaurant, groceries.

                         PARKING:    80 cars

                         RATES:      Check with facility.
                         EXPANSION PLANS: Planning to rent 6 motorboats from 25-35' long beginning

                                     in 1978.

                                                              -19-

               E.    EMERGENCY SERVICES

                     The following facilities offer emergency search and     rescue, towing and

               firefighting services.
              A      COUNTY:     Clatsop
                     NAME:       Clatsop County.Rescue Boats

                     CONTACT:    Clatsop County Sheriff's Department, 1-503-325-2001

                     OWNERSHIP:  Clatsop County
                     OPERATING  RESPONSIBILITY: Sheriff's Department
                     TYPE OF SERVICES: 3 vessels: 1 - 52' landing craft with fire pump;
                                                     1 - 23' patrol boat with pump
                                                     1 - 40' patrol boat with pump

                     Boats are dispatched by telephone or radio, to fight fires, tow, execute

                     underwater salvage (divers available), and execute emergency search and

                     rescue.

                     COUNTY:     Pacific

                     NAME:       Cape Disappointment Coast Guard Station
                     CONTACT:    1-206-642-2381; 1-206-642-2382; station also monitors station

                                 16 CB radio

                     OWNERSHIP:  U.S. Government

                     OPERATING  RESPONSIBILITY: U.S. Coast Guard

                     TYPE OF SERVICES: 8 vessels: 1 - 521
                                                      4 - 44'
                                                      2 - 411
                                                      1 - 25'

                                 Vessels offer firefighting,   towing and search and rescue

                                 services.
              A      There is also a Coast Guard Search and Rescue facility at Tongue Point.

                     An additional U.S.C.G. emergency number is for the Air Station at Clatsop

                     Airport.
                                   1-503-861-2242 for Marine and Air Emergencies

               F.    EXISTING SUPPLY OF MOORAGES, EXPANSION PLANS

                     A summary of data on the existing moorage supply, use patterns, and

               expansion plans for existing marina facilities is presented in Table 1.

                                                          -20-

                        Please note the minimum current use of.moorages by sailboats, as well as

                   the expansion plans of various publicly operated facilities.

                        As can be seen in the columns summarizing moorage supply and expansion
                   plans, the CREST area marinas operate at full capacity during the peak summer
                   season. The waiting lists are so large and turnover rates so low that most
                   facilities no longer accept written applications for their waiting lists. A
                   chronic undersupply of moorages definitely exists.

                        The existing facilities have a total of 80-145 berths planned for
                   construction within the next 2 years, an additional 173 berths between 2 and 3
                   years in the future, and 630 berths from between 3 and 5 years in the future.

                   The three new planned marinas.offer from 655 to 875 berths in the medium future

                   (2-3 years). None of the new facilities have received their permit approvals

                   yet, however.

                        It is useful to note the distribution of existing facilities relative to

                   the mouth of the Columbia River. In 1977, 49% of the CREST area permanent
                   moorage capacity was located within 5 river miles of the mouth. By river mile
                   (RM) eleven, 79.5% of capacity is accounted for. Only 2.8% of the capacity was

                   located upriver from RVI 16, beyond the East End Mooring Basin. This dependence
                   on and preference for location near the river mouth is understandable (ease of
                   access to the ocean fish resources) and is..also significant for evaluatingithe

                   economic viability of new marinas (see section V-A).

                                                          -21-

                                                                       TABLE 1

                                                     Summary of Existing and Planned Moorage
                                                      in the Lower Columbia Estuary (note C)
                                                 A   CurrentB                                                  Waiting Moorage Expansion
                Existing Facilities      Capacity      Usage   Commercial Charter Recreation       Sailboats     List        Planned
         1. Hammond Boat Basin (OR)         178        Full          3          38         137     3 or 4/yr      300    1. 50-65 Charter
                                                                                                   Transients               Boatsl
                                                                                                   not in                2. 53 sp. for 20 rec.
                                                                                                   total                 3. Others  to toal 400
         2. Grant's Marina (OR)               20       Full          2          --          18        --           --

         3. Skipanon charters (OR)          231          200         36         30         130          4         200
         4.  Warrenton Boat Basin (OR)      305        Full          86         16         200          3         100    30 commercial 2
                                                                                                                         350 in new basin
         5.  Fisherman's Dock &             412        Full        193          11         193        15          255    Approximately 120
                                                                                                                         berths from 30-60
             Marina (OR)                                                                                                                    #3

         6.  East End Mooring                 65       Full          63                       2
             Basin (OR)

         7.  Port Warren (OR)                 55          32         --         --          32-       --                          --
         8.  Warrenton Deep Sea               35       Full          6          12          16          1          11             --4
             Charters (OR)

         9.  Port of Ilwaco (WA)           11000       Full        300          300        399          1         500

        10.  Port of Chinook (WA)           323        Full        162          --         161        --          280             7-
        11.  Elochoman Slough                 75       Full          37         -I-         35          3          --    50 slips 5
             Marina (Cathlamet) (WA)
         TOTALS E                          2,699       2,645       888          407      1,323        27        1,635    9506

         Planned New Facilities (7)

        12. Palmberg Marina (berths   planned 600-800) no permits.                                                                             0
        13. Small basin on peninsula (35 berths planned) west of      Warrenton City Basin - no permits; on drawing boards; hope to            N)
             start construction March, 1978.

        14. Small mooring basin on John Day River - 20-40 berths; 26' upper limit; no permits; hope to start spring, 1978. Some
             dry storage, if possible.

            A.  Reader should keep in mind that two or more small boats can go in one large slip. So capacity refers to
                the approximate number of boats in current use pattern with current leng ths.

            B.  Summer 1977 - Even when full, the basins may be able to handle some transients due to temporarily vacated
                berths or special transient areas. Winter demand drops to 20-50% of capacity and shifts to larger
                commercial and charter vessels.

            C.  Data was collected during a period from 5 July 1977 to 12 August 1977 from site inspections, review of
                records and interviews with harbormasters, port managers and other knowledgeable parties. Data for
                mar'na moorages excludes houseboats; private tie-ups in the sloughs and nearby rivers; Coast Guard moorages;
                Tongue Point; and several commercial moorages not open to the public.
            D.  Waiting lists include both written and verbal requests.
            E.  Estimated margin of error in total figures is less than five percent (except for waiting lists, see later
                discussion, Section III-E).

            NOTE:

            1.  Hammond is postponing all expansion of new facilities until the new sewer system is completed. The sewer's
                estir,iatod completion date is 1979-1980.
            2.  Warrenton's new commercial dock will handle approximately 30 large commercial vessels. According to their
                waiting list, four vessels want to transfer from the existing basin and twenty-three of remaining berths
                have requests for moorage. Bids are being let this fall as the permit process is complete. The new basin
                (about 350 boats) is on the drawing boards.
            3.  West End Mooring Basin is planning approximately 120 additional berths to the east of the existing basin.
                The permit application process will commence this winter. New moorage will have a mixture of 30' to 60'
                long berths. The final mixture of berth lengths has not been decided.

            4.  Limited public moorage.
            5.  The planned moorage is for recreational, small commercial vessels and gillnetters. A fuel dock, service
                center and motel are also planned.

            6.  Total expansion plans for existing facilities: Short-range (1-2 years) 80-145 berths
                                                               Medium-range (2-3 years)    173
                                                               Long-range (3-5 years)     630
                                                                                 Total of  950 new berths                        (D
                                                                                                                                 tQ
            7. Total expansion for new facilities: 655-875 berths.                                                               0

            G.   IDENTIFICATION KEY FOR FIGURE 1 AND INSERT

                 Hazardous Areas (vicinity of the Columbia River Mouth)

                 A. Peacock Spit

                 B. Clatsop Spit

                 C. Dangerous current area

                 D. Pile dikes and spurs extending into the river

                 Airports

                 1. Clatsop Airport

                 2. Karpen Airport

                 3. Small airport near Ilwaco

                 Boat Rentals

                     Jim Ritchie Boat/Trailer Rentals (Planned)
             0   Dry Storage (covered)
                 1.  Paul's Adult Trailer Park/Boat and Trailer Storage
                 2.  Private facilities near the Chinook Cannery

                 3.  Boat and Trailer Storage

                 4.  Palmberg's Dry Storage (under construction)
                 5.  John Day Dry Storage (planned expansion)

            F]   Marinas
                 1. Hammond Boat Basin

                 2.  Warrenton Boat Basin

                 3.' West End Mooring Basin (Fishermanis Dock and marina)

                 4.  East End Mooring Basin

                 5.  Skipanon Charter Moorage

                 6.  Warrenton Deep Sea Charters

                 7.  Port Warren

                 8.  Palmberg Marina

                 9.  Port of Ilwaco

                10.  Port of Chinook

                11.  Elochoman Slough Marina (Cathlamet)

                12.  Proposed marina west of the existing Warrenton City Basin

                                                  -24-

           SKIPANON RIVER INSERT
                   FOR MAP I
                   SCALE: 1:24,000                                                                     SOUTH    CHAN

                                                                                                            COLO tA a

                                                           3

                                                                             15

                                                                     5   7

                                                                               r -i
                                                                               11 1
                                                             6                 L

                                                                                 2
                                                                 L/

                                                                    101

                                              5'                                                                  124*                                                                 55'                                                                   50'                                                              12 3* 45'                                                                40'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                01
                                                                                                                                                       101

                                                                                          ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ..........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ..........

                                                                        ..........

                                                                                            9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    9

                                             .. ....... . ..

                                                                                                        %
                                                                                                                                                   10
                                                                                                                                                                 INOO
                                                                                                                                                                10

                                                                                                                                                                                                  ........ ..
                                                                                                                               _Wk\
                                                                                                                             D
                             M\O
                                                                                                                   'Y5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         storia-Megler Bridge

                                                                                                                                               m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ca
                                                                                                                                                                       @%k                                                                                                                   4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    30

                                                                                                                                            Ridge
                                                                                                                                             Road

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                                                                                                                                                                                   101

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NAU

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              KILO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              STAT

                             123* 30,                        2 5'
                                                                                                             EXISTING AND PLANNED
                                                                                                                MARINA FACILITIES
                                                                                                      IN THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY

                                                                                                                EMERGENCY SERVICES
                                                                                                                MARINA FACILITY
                                                                                                                PLANNED MARINA FACILITY
                                                                                                        L-J
                                                                                                                PLANNED BOAT RENTAL
                                                                                                                AIRPORT

                                       ....... ...
                           . .....                                                                              HAZARDOUS AREA
                                                                                                                MAIN NAVIGATIONAL CHANNELS
                                        10
                                                                                                        M/      RIVER MILE
                                                        KAWA
                                                                                                                DRY STORAGE (COVERED)
                                                                                                                PLANNED DRY STORAGE (COVERED)
                                                                                                                SHORELINE ACCESS W/RAMP
                                                    3
                                                                                                                PLANNED SHORELINE ACCESS W/RAMP
                           6

                                                                                                        CHART NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION

                        Aldrich Pt. R( ad                 j
                                                                             THL     T

                                                                                                                                                                     cr
                                                                                                                                                                     41

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                                                                                                                                                                     Ir
                                                                                                                              -0

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                                                                                                                                                                     cr
                                                                                                                                                                     >
                                                                                        -4

                                                                     7

                                                                                 c;:

                                                                                 In:

               2

                                                                                                                                                           F I G U R E
          4    5   6

         2       3

                                                              25'                            20,                          123* 15'

                                                                             .44i

                     13. Proposed marina  on the John Day River

                     14. Proposed new Warrenton City Basin

                     15. Grant's Marina/Fuel Dock

                      Public Shoreline Access (with ramps or tie-up dock)

                      1.  Fort Stevens

                      2.  Private ramp near Young's River Falls

                      3.  Yacht Club

                      4.  John Day Boat Ramp

                      5.  Knappa Dock (no ramp)

                      6.  Aldrich Point Boat.Ramp

                      7.  Westport Boat Ramp

                      8.  Fort Canby Boat Ramp

                      9.  Oneida Boat Ramp

                     10.  Brooks Slough Ramp
                     11.  Skamokawa Park (ramp planned)

                     12.  Net Rack Slough (ramp planned)

                      Emergency Services

                      1. Clatsop, County Rescue Boats

                      2. U.S.C.G. - Cape Disappointment

                      3. U.S.C.G. - Tongue Point

                                                       -25-

                III. BASIC OPERATING FORMS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

                     This section of the marina study provides information on record keeping
                techniques and certain basin management techniques; it also includes a
                proposed do-it-yourself questionnaire for assessing the expenditures by marina

                customers.

                     All of the marinas within the CREST area have established record keeping
                systems that are adequate for their purposes. However, with certain
                modifications, more detailed and a greater variety of information could be

                collected to facilitate planning efforts by both the marinas and local and
                state agencies. The information presented here has been selected from
                established techniques. This information is for the benefit of the newer

                facilities and had been modified to serve the long-range needs of the marinas

                more effectively. Criteria for suggested formats include:

                     1. usefulness of information generated;

                     2. ease of collection;

                     3. ease of information storage and retrieval.

                     The topics examined are float plans, registration forms, launching records
                (ramps and hoists), lease agreements, waiting lists, wall maps and the
                economic impact assessment questionnaire.

                A.   FLOAT PLAN

                     A sample form for a float plan on the following page is available from
                the Oregon State Marine Board. It is basically a common sense, customer-
                convenience service that seems under-utilized by the boating community within

                the CREST area. Although certain aspects of boating safety cannot be forced
                upon uncooperative boaters, the availability of these forms in a local marina

                office may provide the extra peace of mind that encourages repeat customers

                or, in case of an emergency, the extra information necessary to prevent a

                boating disaster.

                B.   REGISTRATION FORMS

                     The type of forms used within the CREST area vary widely. Some of the

                facilities have minimum paperwork; some combine the registration form with a
                rental or lease agreement and have either a separate waiting list or none at

                all; others have separate forms for each of the above categories. Some

                                                     -26-

                                                 Sample Float Plan

                                                 GOING SOMEWHERE?

                          Leave a float plan with a friend, relative or marina operator.
                     Should disaster strike, a few minutes could mean a lifetime of    difference.
                     Here's a sample plan:

                     Name of boat operator

                     Home phone number                   Business phone number

                     Boat type                           Color of hull
                     Color of trim                         Registration Number

                     Name                 Make               Length           Other

                     Engine: Type               Horsepower        Normal Fuel.(gallons)

                     Number of persons aboard (including   operator)
                            Name                  Age             Address/Phone Number

                     Survival Equipment:
                       Lifejackets (number)          flares            mirror

                       Flashlight                     food              paddles

                       Water                cushions

                     Radio                             Frequencies

                     Itinerary;
                       Depart                 from                on              (time, date)

                       Going to                            or
                       Expect to return by                       -(time, date) and in no event
                         later than

                     Other information

                     Auto license number                   Trailer licerise-number

                     If not returned by             call the Coast Guard or local authority at

                     * Upon return, notify  the  person.to whom theflo,at plan was given.
                     * If you were reported to  the Coast  Guard as overdue, notify them of your
                       arrival.
                                                              From: Oregon State Marine Board

                                                         -27-

                distinguish between transient and permanent moorage, while others combine the
                two. Information storage systems include notebooks, rolladex cards, filing

                boxes and cabinets.

                     Clearly, certain types of information are essential for billing, planning,
                management, and legal purposes. For convenience, there is much to be said for

                a standard multi-purpose form such as those on the following pages.

                     on one side, the standard form could have the information requests and,

                on the other, it could have both a signature space for the rental agreement and

                the history of user charges. Rules and regulations in the bylaws and tariffs

                could be posted or available on a handout, along with any updated special

                conditions or rules.

                     Such a format standardizes records, is useful for transient and permanent
                moorage and for waiting lists, and serves as a registration form, a rental
                agreement and billing record. Also, if forms are corRpleted conscientiously,

                more detailed and vital information is collected. This enables the marinas to

                detect trends in moorage demand, to plan for future expansion more effectively,
                and to develop background information for soliciting funds from state and

                federal sources.

                C.   LAUNCH RECORDS

                     Within the CREST area, facilities are diverse: ramps may be single lane,
                gravel or multi-lane paved; there are hoists capable of lifting only engines
                and gear and the planned 50 ton hoist in Ilwaco. The county and state
                facilities tend to be free of charge, while the port, private and municipal

                facilities generally have user fees. Some.hoists and ramps may be operated by
                concessionnaires as in Chinook or by the marina itself, as in Ilwaco, Astoria

                and Hammond.

                     These facilities can contribute significantly to the cash flow of an

                operation, but they tend to create heavy demands for parking space and

                associated congestion problems. Nevertheless, the operation of ramps and

                hoists offer the opportunity to generate excellent records concerning: users,

                especially out-of-staters; the number of days that a certain boat was launched;

                the number of passengers; peak use periods by day and month, and long range

                trends in trailerable boat lengths. Such records are useful to the marina
                management. The sample form is modeled after the launch form utilized at Hammond.

                                                     -28-

                                               Sample kulti-purpdse Form

                      Instructions: Please check (V) appropriate space or fill,in.information
                                      requested.

                      Current Status: (use dates, pencil)                   Date filed:

                           Waiting List:              Fee Paid:

                           Transient:

                           Permanent:

                      Name:                                          Telephone:

                      Home Address:                                         ZIP:

                      Name of Employer:                              Telephone:

                      Business Address:                                     ZIP:

                      owner of Boat (if  different from above):

                           Name:                                     Telephone:

                           Address:                                         ZIP:

                      Boat Name:                                        REG.

                      Length:                    Beam:                     Draft:

                      Vertical clearance:           Color:                  Hull:

                      TYPE:

                           Charter:            Type License:

                           Commercial:         Gillnet:         Shrimper:        Troller:

                                               Trawler:         Tuna:        other:

                           Recreation:         Inboard:         Outboard:        1/0:

                           Sailboat:        Motor Assisted:

                      Engine Size:                     Diesel:                Gas:

                      Number of Screws:

                      Type of Marine Sanitation Device: None

                                                             Type I

                                                             Type II

                                                             Type III
                      Request Electrical Hookup:
                      Other Special Requests:

                                                             -29-

                                      Sample Ramp and Hoist Launch Form

                 License number of vehicle:                           Date:

                 Boat license number:                         Ticket number:

                 Name of boat:

                 Length:

                 Number of passengers:                        Fee paid:

                 D.   LEASE AGREEMENT

                      The recommended approach for the lease agreement is to post a copy
                 of all rules, regulations, rates, special conditions and tariffs and to

                 provide the same information in a handout. The statement on the back of
                 the multi-purpose form should say, in effect, that the signature
                 indicates that the signee has read and agrees to abide by all rules,
                 regulations, special conditions and tariffs.
                      In addition to signing the rentalagreement, several topics must be
                 clearly addressed within the rules and regulations:

                          The consequences of nonpayment must be identified.

                      2.  The financial responsibility for all spills and waste cleanup

                          must be addressed.

                      ,3. A statement that all efforts by the facility staff for
                          emergency services such as firefighting, towing, and pumping
                          do not obligate the facility for damages or additional services.

                      To simplify implementation of the suggestions and to eliminate
                 possible misunderstandings with the customers, proper legal advice on
                 phrasing these concerns is highly recommended.

                 E.   WAITING LIST

                      Waiting lists often provide misunderstood and misused information.
                 Accurate lists, however, can serve many vital planning purposes such as:
                 assisting in the planning of the number and sizes for new moorages;
                 filling vacated berths; and, if the waiting list deposit technique is

                 used, the list gives a more Accurate identification of unfilled demand

                                                    -30-

                     (at current prices) for a specific facility. Thisagain emphasizes the
                     potential usefulness of detailed information collected on a multi-purpose

                     form.

                         The CREST area marinas collect verbal and written waiting lists.

                     The marinas have no definite information about either how serious the

                     requests are or how much overlap exists between facilities. It i:s common
                     for a recreational boater to request moorage or a place on lists at four or
                     five facilities. Limited comparisons of lists revealed a  20 to 70 percent
                     overlap., This overlap tends to invalidate most conclusions from existing
                     waiting lists.

                         Because of the undersupply of moorages within the CREST area (see
                     supply and demand section), overlapping lists, and the detailed planning

                     needs for expansion of moorage facilities, it is recommended that the
                     marinas use a technique found effective by a marina in the Puget Sound.
                         That marina required a $25 fee to remain on the waiting list. The
                     net effect was that roughly two-thirds of the applicants with earlier

                     moorage requests withdrew their applications. The marina then had a
                     reliable list of moorage requests with which to plan its moorage

                     expansion.
                         The process used to implement the technique was basically this:
                     a two month moratorium on moorage requests was declared at a convenient
                     time during the off season. Approximately 1600 names on an existing
                     waiting list were then informed by mail of the facility's expansion
                     plans and annual turnover in moorages. This gave the boaters information
                     to determine the chance's of obtaining moorage in the near future (three
                     years). Next, a deadline for return-by-mail of a.completed form and $25

                     check or money order, was set for those who wanted to be included on the

                     new waiting list. Previous seniority on the waiting list was preserved
                     among those returning the forms. With the information on the multi-

                     purpose form, the waiting list identified moorage needs according to
                     boat length, type, draft, beam and vertical clearance, to fit special

                     moorage conditions.
                         The new waiting list was finalized, the moratorium was lifted, and
                     when moorage opened it was offered to those on the list. If they

                     accepted, the $25 went towards the first bill for moorage and/or services.

                                                        -31-

                  An alternative approach might be to deduct $5 from the deposit for

                  administrative services or to use a $50'fee and return all but $10.

                  Balances could be kept in a special fund for planning and development of
                  new moorage facilities.

                       Such a technique has many advantages for improving the usefulness
                  and reliability of waiting list information.

                  F.   WALL MAP

                       Numerous  facilities have discovered the usefulness of a wall map in

                  the marina office. A simple, black ink outline of the mooring basin,

                  docks and facilities with berth and float numbers is adequate. This not

                  only assists in giving directions to boaters unfamiliar with the facility,

                  but it also facilitates the identification of areas for repair work or

                  for use in cases of emergency. In addition, it is a tool that indicates,

                  on a daily basis, which slips are available for rental to transients

                  besides any special transient-only moorage areas. It is useful then, to

                  cover the wall map with clear acetate which can be easily marked with
                  grease pencil and wiped off. Finally, the map provides a quick visual
                  summary for the harbormaster about the actual use of his facility each

                  day.
                       This map also provides a way to maintain a running daily total of
                  types of moorages used. The information can be recorded into a permanent
                  form to help detect long term trends in moorage demand. This would save
                  having to search all the individual boat moorage records. Example:

                                                                     Date:

                  Permanent moorages:  Commercial

                                       Charter

                                       Recreational

                                       Sailboats

                  Transient moorages:  Commercial

                                       Recreational

                                       Sailboats

                                                       -32-

                     Lengths:   (for Transients) Code C - Commercial; Ch - Charter;

                                R - Recreational; S    Sailboats; G    Gillnet

                                15-19 - R,R,R

                                20-24 -

                                25-29 - G,G,Ch

                                30-34 - S.G.G.G.G

                                35-39 - Ch,Ch

                                40-44 -                     NOTES:      12 new Tuna boats and

                                45-49 - C                     25 gillnetters came in today.

                                50-54 -

                                55-59 -

                                60-64 -

                                65    - C'C'C'C

                          Such information could be picked off the wall map at the end of each
                     day.. The detailed information is valuable for planning new berth lengths
                     in order to maximize revenue from available space.

                     G.   RECORD STORAGE

                          Adequate.attention needs to be paid to the.storage and protection
                     of these records. Clearly, they must have     locked protection from theft or
                    .;vandalism, but there is sometimes, greater..risk from damage by fire or water.
                     In this case, overnight storage in an elevated, fireproof filing cabinet
                     would serve the purpose. Records should certainly be kept on file in a
                     fireproof file for the amount of time required to meet any state or

                     federal time requirements (such as for tax purposes).

                     H.   ECONOMIC IMPACT QUESTIONNAIRE
                          Quite often in the negotiations for funding from various state and
                     federal agencies, it is useful for a marina to have a quantitative
                     awareness of the economic impact of their facility. This information
                     can also be beneficial to community public relations.
                          The following sample questionnaire is offered for the consideration

                     of marina operators within the CREST area. It is designed to be either

                     part of a do-it-yourself assessment, or it can be part of a larger,
                     more regional approach supervised by a consultant or representative from

                                                          -33-

                 one of the Washington or Oregon Universities familiar with field research

                 techniques.

                      A key element to the implementation of this questionnaire is a

                 .statistically reliable approach to random sampling that lowers the costs
                 without invalidating research results. As a very general example,
                 individual marinas might collect questionnaires from every boat, every
                 other boat, or every fourth boat that uses a facility for a week (Monday-
                 Sunday) during the early season (late may or early June). Then, a
                 similar sample might be collected during the last weekend of August, or
                 early September (Labor Day), to contrast the two extremes of marina
                 facility-use during the summer; this could also be done one week in

                 January, to get a perspective on winter usage. obviously, a more
                 sophisticated approach could be developed, but that necessitates outside

                 assistance and more money for the study. Charter offices and skippers

                 could help to distribute and collect a one page questionnaire (printed on

                 both sides); and an employee could distribute them to the recreational

                 and commercial vessels.

                      The cover sheet need not be more than one paragraph. To encourage

                 cooperation, it could explain in the marina's own terms, how this

                 information would be used (such as to provide  background for grant requests

                 to expand or improve facilities and services). Also, it is important to
                 assure customers that the data are confidential and will be made public

                 only as totals.
                      Additional questions could be added to suit the marina management's

                 purposes. Large boxes at the charter offices, marina office and fuel
                 dock are good collection points for the questionnaires. The questions

                 generate detailed data related to: types of activities, age and sex

                 distribution, income brackets, size of market area served, the types of

                 secondary or supporting industry used, and the amount of money spent on
                 activities related to marina use. Finally, the form establishes a feed-
                 back loop for opinions and suggestions for current and future operations
                 (see following questionnaire).

                                                     -34-

                                  Sample Questionnaire for Survey of Marina Users

                     (If you have already filled one of these forms out this week please do not
                      do so again.)

                                                               Date!

                     1.   What activity brings you to this marina?

                          Commercial Fishing

                          Charter Fishing
                          Recreation         Sailing         Cruising         Sports Fishing
                                             Sightseeing
                          To enjoy the view

                          To eat at restaurant

                     2.   How many people in your group?

                     3.   Your age and sex?          Male                 Female

                             10 years                35-40 years                60-65 years

                          10-15 years                40-45 years                65-70 years

                          15-20 years                45-50 years                70-75 years

                          20-25 years                50-55 years                75-80 years
                          25-30 years                55-60 years                80-85 years

                          30-35 years.-

                     4.   Approximately, what was your income last year (before taxes)? (This
                          is importa 'nt to help evaluate who benefits from fishing enhancement
                          and improvement of facilities.)

                          $     0- 5,000            15,000-20,000         30,000-40,000

                          $ 5,000-10,000            20,000-25,000         over 40,000

                          $10,000-15,000            25,000-30,000

                     5.   How far did you drive to reach this facility?                   miles.

                     6.   If staying overnight, what are your accomodations? (check one)

                          Friends/relatives          Motel        Camper
                          Private campground          Public campground

                     7.   Number of consecutive days that you utilized marina facilities on this
                          trip?

                                                          -35-

                  8.   What were your expenditures for this trip either at the marina or
                       within 5 miles?

                       Moorage facilities and services

                       Repairs

                       Boat parts

                       Food (restaurant)

                       Food (grocery store)

                       Ice, tackle, bait

                       overnight accomodations

                       Gas/oil for trip here

                       Gas/oil/diesel for boat

                       Charter fees

                       Licenses

                       Laundry

                       Gifts/souveniers

                       Other

                  This is important information to help this marina plan new facilities and
                  services. If you can't remember exactly, please estimate to the best of
                  your ability.

                  9.   How many days, weeks or months each year do you utilize this
                       facility?

                  10.  What services or facilities do you like about this marina?

                  11.  Which services or facilities would you like to see improved or added?

                                                     -36-

                    IV. PERMIT INFORMATION

                         This section of the marina study presents information on the permit

                    process for the expansion of marina facilities or development of new ones

                    for both the Oregon and Washington portions of the CREST area. The

                    processes in the two states differ. In addition, the role of CREST in

                    the permit process will be clarified.

                    A.   CREST'S ROLE (This information applies to both the Washington and
                                       Oregon portions of the CREST area)
                         CREST's role within the permit process is basically two-fold: first,
                    to provide information about the process, and second, to review and comment

                    on permit applications. However, CREST does not and will not require any

                    permits for the expansion or development of marina facilities within its

                    boundaries. CREST also provides information and assistance for other

                    water-related development project permit requirements at the local, state
                    and federal levels. In order to avoid duplication of the well established

                    permit information services that exist for both Washington and Oregon

                    at the federal level, CREST will only provide the contacts and
                    information to help applicants get started on the process. It is felt
                    that this is the proper role for CREST because it does not have any

                    authority or operating responsibility within the permit process;
                    consequently, the public would be more efficiently and accurately served

                    by dealing directly by those responsible for issuing the permits.

                         In addition to this information, CREST has prepared and the member
                    governments have adopted the CREST Regional Policies. These policies
                    are specific methods of action to guide present and future decisions

                    toward established CREST goals. They act as guidelines until the

                    estuary plan is accepted and until thelocal zoning ordinances.have been
                    modified in accordance with the plan. The policies will need to be
                    consulted for guidance on the expansion or development of marina

                    facilities.

                         For example, the CREST permissible-use matrix in the Regional Policies

                    reveals that a water related development classification is preferred for
                    all sites that involve expansion of existing facilities.or the development

                                                       -37-

                   of new marinas. The developer should insure that his proposed site is

                   classified as water-related development in the CREST management unit
                   plan (and ultimately in the complete estuary land and water management
                   plan that CREST is developing). The following page provides excerpts

                   from the matrix.

                   B.   OREGON

                        1. County
                        The portions of the CREST area.in Oregon are also part of Clatsop
                   County. This means that all new marinas and expansions must coordinate
                   their efforts with the local city planners (if within their jurisdiction)
                   or with the Clatsop County Planning-Department. At this time, the
                   county zoning ordinance is being modified with regard to marinas, so it
                   is important to obtain the most current information from the Clatsop
                   County Office of Planning and Development at 503-325-7441, ext. 71 in

                   Astoria.

                        2. State

                        On a state level, Oregon has a three-part permit coordination

                   program:
                        a.  Information Service - For information about any State of
                            Oregon permits, licenses, or certifications, call 1-800-452-0347

                            (toll free).

                        b.  "One-Stop" Review Process - For large, complex projects,

                            applicants may submit a master application form. (CREST
                            maintains a copy of this on file for the public's use). Master

                            applications are circulated to each regulatory agency. Each

                            agency then has 30 days to determine if the project requires
                            permits. The applicant is mailed the specific application forms

                            required.
                        c. Consolidated Hearings - To save time and money, hearings
                            required by several agencies for one project may be consolidated

                            at the request of the applicant or affected agencies.

                   Additional information can be obtained by visiting or writing: Permit
                   Coordination Center, 306 State Library Building, Salem, Oregon 97310.

                                                      -38-

                                            Excerpts from the CREST Permissible-Use Matrix

                                                     Natural         Conservation          Rural             Development
                                                                                                                             4J
                                                                                                                             (a
                                                                                                                             -1

                                                                                                                      V
                                                                                 0                                    (d
                                                        ra    (d           ro    (d          rd                       r-1    0
                                                        9     r-1          0     "1          0                               N
                                                        (d          $4     (a    a)    @4    (0    a)
                                                                    a)     H     @.J   a)    14    14          H
                                                  V           0     4J     4J    0     4-)   4J    0     4J    4-)    0
                                                  (d                (d     (1)         (a    a)    4     (d    4)     CN     0

                  Shallow water port/marina       N     N     N     N      N     N     C     C     C     P     P      P      N
                  facilities

                  Deep water port facilities      N     N     N     N      N     N     N     N     N     P     P      P      N

                  Private individual docks        N     N           C      C           C     C           C     C

                      P: Permitted: Subject to standard in local ordinances and federal regulations, site design
                                      changes may be required to minimize specific adverse effects.

                      C: Conditional: Permitted only after case-by-case examination of the merits of the processed
                                      activity.

                      N: Not Allowed: Not permitted except under special conditions when a waiver is granted. In such
                                      cases, the use of the activity must be in accordance with the CREST Regional
                                      Policies, state and federal policies, not preempt other higher priority uses, and
                                      not substantially degrade natural resources.

                                                                             From: CREST Regional Policies, 1977

                      While the agencies at various levels of government provide as much

                 information and assistance as possible during the permit process, it
                 remains the applicant's responsibility to supervise the Permit process.
                 Oregon's state agencies have concerns for the impacts on water quality,
                 fish migrations, land use, sewage disposal and impacts on state tidelands.
                 A useful reference for Oregon applicants is the Waterway.Development
                 Handbook prepared by Montagne-Bierly Associates, Inc. for the Oregon

                 Department of Economic Development.

                 C.   WASHINGTON

                      1. County

                      The CREST area includes those.parts of Pacific and Wahkiakum Counties

                 that border the Coltmibia River. The CREST office in Astoria maintains

                 information for Washington residents who desire assistance with the

                 permit process for expanding or developing marina facilities.

                      In addition to the CREST office, permit information can be obtained

                 from the following contacts:

                      a. Permit information office

                          (1) Pacific County - Mr. Ken Kimura, Department of Public

                              Works, P.O. Box 66, South Bend, Washington 98586

                              1-206-875-5591.

                          (2) Wahkiakum County - Wahkiakum County Planning Office,
                              Courthouse, Cathlamet, Washington 98612 1-20.6-795-3543.

                      b. DOE Regional Office.- Southwest Regional Office, 7272 Clearwater

                         Lane, Olympia, Washington 98504  1-206-753-2892
                         ATTN: Permit Coordinator

                      c, ECPA Master Application Center in Olympia 1-206-753-2800

                      2. State

                      The Washington State Legislature passed the Environmental Coordination

                 Procedures Act (ECPA) in 1973. This act established a program to
                 facilitate the permit process for all projects that affect the state's

                 land, air or water resources and that may therefore require environmental

                 permits or approval. The Department of Ecology (DOE) is the coordinator

                 for this process.
                      The information contacts listed above will identify requirements and

                                                 -40-

                    and types of permits needed for the planned expansion or development of
                    marina facilities. For example, a substantial development permit (Shoreline
                    Permit) may be required for any construction activity or project with value
                    over $1,000 or one that may interfere with the public's use of the water.
                      A local permit coordinator guides the permit application process, schedules
                    project review with involved agencies and if needed, the coordinator provides
                    public notices and arranges organizational matters such as location, a
                    hearing officer, and agency participation.

                         Local decisions may be appealed directly through local commissions,
                    and state decisions may be appealed through one proceeding held by the
                    Po.llution control Hearings Board and the Shoreline Hearings Board.
                         The permit coordinator will aid in assuring that all State
                    Environmental.Policy Act (SEPA) requirements are met, since they are
                    integrated into the ECPA procedures.

                         Local governments have the option of including any applications for

                    rezoning, variance and conditional uses into the ECPA processes.

                    Federal agencies may also participate in the ECPA process but in any case,
                    the information officers will advise applicants on the appropriate
                    federal requirements and contacts such as the Corps of Engineers or the

                    Coast Guard.

                         It is impossible to list all permits and requirements for expansion

                    or development of a new marina within the CREST area, without having a
                    specific site in mind. However, some permits and requirements for each

                    state'and federal level can be examined.

                         In the State of Washington, for example, an environmental impact
                    statement may be required for a project after an initial review of an

                    environmental checklist (a Threshold Determination) indicates a need. A

                    large project definitely would require an SMA (Shoreline Management Act)
                    su bstantial development permit from a county orcity. Unless the tide-
                    lands are privately owned (none have been sold by the state since 1969)

                    the owner would have to lease the tidelands and any bedlands either from
                    DNR (Department of Natural Resources) or from a public port district.

                    By statute, DNR cannot sign the lease until the applicant has received

                                                       -41-

                   appropriate Army Corps of Engineers permits. Such permit applications
                   trigger a full review of the project (coordinated by DOE.) by state agencies.
                   The Department of Fisheries and Game generally look closely at marina
                   proposals to see if natural fish runs are affected (particularly in the
                   ,mouths of streams and rivers), or if activities such as dredging, bulk-

                   heading, or landfills are harmful to fish or bird or waterfowl habitat.

                   Both agencies would have to approve a hydraulic permit.

                        In addition to coordinating the necessary Corps of Engineers permits
                   and reviewing the appropriate substantial development permits, DOE could
                   be called upon to issue a state water quality permit if a package sewage
                   disposal system with effluent discharge directly to the adjacent waters

                   was needed. Also, a wat er rights permit would be issued, if a domestic

                   water supply system hook-up was not available. Noise regulations,

                   established by DOE and enforced by local governments, would be applicable

                   to boating activities.
                        The Department of Social and Health Services has established a set

                   of guidelines relating to marina construction and has delegated authority
                   to local health agencies to enforce them. The guidelines stipulate

                   provisions for public water supplies and sewage systems, sewage pumpout

                   stations for boats, portable water supply for boats, and other sanitary

                   facilities and procedures.
                        It is quite possible that the proper zoning does not exist for
                   marina development, the proposed development might be required to obtain
                   a rezone from the appropriate city or county jurisdiction. Also, if the

                   development were in a flood control zone, as identified by either DOE or

                   the local government, the appropriate flood-control permit would be needed

                   if the development were allowed to occur at all.

                   D.   FEDERAL

                        The Corps of Engineers has been designated the lead agency for the
                   water related development permit process. They require permits for

                   construction and maintenance of piers, wharfs, dolphins, breakwaters,

                   bulkheads, mooring buoys, and for work such as dredging in navigable

                   waters. Under administrative procedures established by the Corps in

                   compliance with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, applicants must,
                   obtain all required state approvals prior to the granting of a Section

                                                     -42-

                     10* or Section 404** permit. Questions should be directed to the U.S.

                     Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Permit Division at

                     1-221-6997.

                          In addition, the Coast Guard is concerned about any navigational

                     aids that may be installed, as well as causeways, overhead cables and

                     pipelines affecting waterways.

                     E.   SUMMARY

                          Applicants for expansion or development-permits for marina facilities

                     should have the proper zoning.classification, should have the site
                     classified properly in the CREST management plan, and should receive
                     the appropriate state and federal permits relevant to the development.

                          Typical jurisdictions of permit-granting agencies are depicted in

                     Figures 2 and 3.

                       Refers to Section 10 of the River and Harbors Act of 1899.

                     **Refers to Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
                       Amendments of 1972.

                                                         -43-

                                                     FIGUn 2

                                       NAVIGABLE RIVER

                                     i@.   ction   10,        4 0-4

                                                           Wetland
                                 `--9tate-Leas-e
                                                                    s

                                                                        Uplands
                                                             ordinary
                                ............                high
                                                            water
                                                     ordinary,
                                                     low
                                 .......             water

                                  Su merged land
                                              Submersible land

                                             ESTUARY

                            U.S' Sectio               10            404
                            St  e  F    Removal
                                                                                     W
                            st t
                                                                W tiands
                                e

                                                                                 Uplands
                                                                   mean
                                                                   higher
                                                         mean      high
                                                           high    Eater
                                                         water.

                                       mean
                                       low
                                ean    water
                                wer lov@
                              Iwa e r
                      Submer@ed land  I-Submersible land. -
                      Subtidal               Intertidal . .. .... ---- ------ -
                       (LCDC)                (LCDC)

                                 Typical Jurisdictions for Permits in Oregon
                                                           @J

                                                        From: Montagne-Bierly Associates, Inc.,
                                                              Waterway Development Handbook, 1977

                                                        -44-

                                                                                                                   FIGURE 3

                                                                                    Jurisdictions Outside City Boundaries

                                                   U.S. Corp                0 RnairnAP                    nprm t Section 10                                  A 4

                                                                                                                                                                     line
                            oyster                                                                                                                                   Fermi"
                                                   State 1 ease �econd                                           Tidelan
                     bed lease

                                                                  ............

                                                           ........... .... ....
                                                                                                                                                          E          L. A
                                                                                                                                                                                 D
                                                                                                               Xx
                                                                                                                                                                                               r      designated
                                                                                                                                           mean                  mean                   PP(.
                                             ... .........                                                                                 hiih                  higher                 imit          line at
                                                             7:7:7X7'..-::  7:::"
                                                                                                                                           ti e                  high                   f             least 200'
                                      ... . ......                                                                                                               ti e                 Ersh            from mean
                                                                                                     mean                                                                                             high tide
                                                                                                     low
                                                                                                     tide
                                            .. . ...                               ean
                                                                                      wer
                                                                                   ow
                                                                                 tide
                                             extreme
                                           ilow
                                            tide

                                                                                 Jurisdictions Within City Boundaries

                                                                                             I                                                            I                N
                                        U.S.            CorDs of1 Engineets permit Section 10                                                           1 404
                                                                                                                                                6-        1
                                                                                                                                                    ho*line M
                                                                          I                  I                                                                               .  @i*
                                                                                                                                                          lAct permi.
                              bed, lease::@ State @ease First Class Tidelands

                                                                                                                                                             L A N         D
                                                                                                                                      m
                                                                                                                                      hiP                 mean                        er designated
                                                                                                     ...X. N.                               e                                  rp
                                                                                                                                                                                  Im,   tsiline at
                                                                                                                                      ti e
                                                                                                                                                          hi er
                                                          .............
                                                                                                                                                          1hi�h                   f          1@east 2001
                                                                                                                                                          ti e
                                                                  .......                    rean                                                                              marsh from mean
                                                                                                                                                                                              high tide
                                                                                             Low
                              .......                             ......
                                                                            ean              tide
                                                                            ower
                              .......                                       aw
                                     extremeirnunier                        ide
                                    ilow                @Lrbor
                                     tide            Pine

                                                                         Typical Jurisdictions for Permits in Washington

                                                                                                                                      From: Montagne-Bierly Associates,
                                                                                                                                                    Inc., Grays Harbor Estuary
                                                                                                                                                                 ,_@4
                                                                                                                                                                 ie
                                                                                                                                                                     n @eMrm i              H,,E

                                                                                                                                                    Managei@ent Program,
                                                                                                                         -45-                       Governmental Jurisdictions, 1977

                   V.   CRITERIA AND PLANNING GUIDELINES

                        The first part of this section develops legal, social, economic and

                   environmental criteria to identify and evaluate potential marina sites.

                   The second part presents guidelines for the design, construction and
                   financial planning of a marina facility. Included are: a sample format
                   for financial planning; a sample format and data for planning new slip

                   sizes  so as to maximize revenue from available space; and an evaluation

                   of the need and location recommendations for the installation of sewage

                   pumpout stations.

                   A.   SUGGESTED MARINA SITE EVALUATION CRITERIA

                        To identify a location suitable.for the development of a new marina

                   facility or to evaluate a site proposed for expansi   on of an existing
                   marina requires consideration of a number of factors. These factors

                   include the ownership of the site, designation in the comprehensive plans,

                   impacts on other land uses, impacts on water quality, public access,

                   vessel protection, view enhancement, access to and congestion in the

                   navigation channels, and other environmental concerns. The following

                   criteria are offered to guide evaluation of a potential site.

                   1.   Legal, Social and Economic Aspects of Site Identification

                        a. Land Ownership - This is the key to development. If outright

                   ownership is not possible or is too costly, alternatives such as leasing,

                   easements, or condemnation procedures should be considered. Private
                   developers may prefer ownership or long term leasing, while governmental

                   groups may prefer acquiring easements or using condemnation procedures.

                   The goal is for the marina developers to obtain control of as much land

                   adjacent to the water as possible at the lowest cost, in order to maintain
                   policy and rate flexibility.

                        b. Alternative Uses - Each potential site should be evaluated for

                   potential alternative uses such as industrial park, scenic view, or fish
                   and wildlife feeding, breeding or nesting areas. In general, wetlands,

                   critical habitat, archeological and historical sites, the wildlife refuges

                   and predominately rural areas should be avoided (see CREST permissible

                   use matrix).

                        C. Land/Water Use   Comprehensive Plans - Potential sites within -the
                   CREST area should be classified.as water dependent/related development in

                                                        -46-

                   the CREST land and water use plan.

                        d. Marine Traffic Impacts - Potential sites should be evaluated for

                   their expected impact on marine traffic. The question of whether the
                   additional moorages and resulting increased marine traffic might add to

                   congestion in existing navigational channels or increase the risks of

                   collision must be examined. Sites should be selected to minimize the

                   negative impacts.

                        e. Location - The location of a proposed site is of utmost importance.

                   It governs access by land and by water; it also determines the types of
                   vessels that will use the facility and subsequently, the types of services
                   that will be needed, the rates and the economic feasibility of the project.

                   In general, the closer a proposed site is to the mouth of the Columbia

                   River, the better. Few commercial fishermen, charter boat operators or

                   recreational boaters consider moorage east of Astoria unless they are
                   cruising the river or deliberately fishing for sturgeon. Good highway and

                   water access are desirable. Long, narrow access channels with shoaling

                   problems are less desirable than sites with fast access to deep water.

                   Nearby services for fire protection, water and sewage disposal are also

                   desirable. The proximity of recreational support facilities such as
                   restaurants, drugstores, grocery stores, repair services, canneries, and

                   sources of ice and fuel are also considerations. The availability of such
                   services reduces the initial investments required to develop a marina and
                   avoids an unnecessary duplication of services in the community.
                        f. Dredging Requirements - Sites should be chosen to minimize

                   maintenance dredging requirements because of both the rising cost and the
                   lack of suitable spoil disposal sites.
                        g. Substratum - The geological structure and the land composition
                   underlying the proposed marina site have important links to the marina
                   site's productivity, water quality, ease of construction with pilings and

                   geological stability. Developers should avoid sites with near-surface
                   stratum, regions of geological instability (high risk of slides or nearby

                   faults) or areas that already have water quality problems from excess
                   organic debris or sewage outfalls.

                        h. Size Preference - Expansion of facilities or the development of

                   new, large marina projects is preferred over a multitude of small scale

                   new projects.

                                                      -47-

                  2.   Environmental Factors

                       a. Exclusionary Criteria - Avoid wetlands, critical habitat, wildlife

                  refuges.

                       b.  Tides - The tidal range affects the use of launching ramps, the

                  types of construction, the ability of the basin to flush, and the habitat

                  of marine organisms. Proposed sites should allow a minimum depth   of 3 feet

                  at the bottom of a launching ramp at low tide, a minimum depth of 6 feet at

                  low tide for most charter and recreational vessel moorage, and a minimum

                  depth of 8-10 feet for larger commercial vessel moorage. To maintain water

                  quality, the basin should flush completely within 2 tidal cycles.

                       c. Currents - New breakwaters, pilings and other construction may

                  modify the water circulation pattern in the marina vacinity. An evaluation

                  of this impact on basin flushing capability is recommended.

                       d. Water Quality - Potential impacts of the construction and operation

                  of the new marina on the turbidity, dissolved oxygen, acidity, temperature,

                  and salinity of the water should also be considered. If sound waste
                  disposal practices are followed and flushing characteristics maintained,
                  however, the negative, impacts on water quality should be minimized.

                       e. Waves, Winds, and Storms - Sites must be located in areas where

                  natural or man-made protection from wakes, turbulent water, storm waves and

                  strong, prevailing winds is available.

                       All of the above legal, social, economic and environmental criteria may

                  not be met by a proposed site; however, it is important to consider them in

                  the initial site screening. Thus, the criteria serve to narrow the field of

                  potential sites for a more detailed economic feasibility study. Ultimately
                  though, the economic feasibility determines the desirability of a site.

                  B.   PLANNING GUIDELINES

                  1.   Minimum Values and Topics for Consideration
                       These guidelines serve as a checklist of minimum values and topics

                  required for consideration in planning a new or expanded marina. Naturally,
                  all of these guidelines are subject to the site specific requirements of

                  each marina. The Chaney text and Isard text are useful references and are

                  the source of most of the following guidelines.

                                                      -48-

                       a. Bulkhead Construction - For calculating the height of bulkheads,

                   the formula below can be used.

                                    above DD = EHT + DD + OM      DD = Dredged Depth
                   Add for          below DD   EHT + DD + OM     EHT = Extreme High Tide
                   total height                      2            OM = Overtop Margin

                   Then add 100/0 for sinking. A reference calculation for Overtop Margin
                   is I ft. plus wave height above high tide during storms. The Corps of
                   Engineers, consultants, ocean engineering or oceanography schools could

                   provide assistance on these calculations.
                       Consult with the Corps of Engineers, the States' Departments of
                   Fisheries, DSL or DNR to assure that the breakwater designs allow
                   sufficient water circulation, flushing action and moorage protection.
                       Potential marina developers are encouraged to utilize floating
                   breakwaters and/or open pile work in lieu of some of the present
                   construction methods in marina waters to minimize damage to fish and/or

                   shell fish resources.

                       b. Courtesy Float - Provide a courtesy float on a first come first
                   serve basis. This transient area is especially critical during peak use
                   times. Each facility should also consider additional temporary facilities

                   (with no services) within or near the moorage, to handle peak overflow.
                   Such temporary facilities.do not require extensive capital investment.
                   Examples are portable toilets that could be rented from June 15 to
                   September 15 and temporary tieups behind a log boom or breakwater.
                       C. View Protection - Be sensitive to the need for view protection.
                   In relatively undeveloped or heavy recreation areas, open moorages are
                   preferred. Covered moorage may be considered desirable in highly
                   developed or commercial locations. Enclosed moorage should be confined

                   to areas of industrial character where there is a minimum of aesthetic

                   concern. In general, open moorage is preferred to covered, and covered
                   is preferred to enclosed moorage.

                       d. Concentration of Facilities - Marina facilities should be

                   concentrated to minimize impact of moorage demand on natural shorelines.
                   Hence, one large marina is preferred to numerous small marinas.

                                                       -49-

                         e. Design for Future Expansion     Plans for marinas should address the
                   expected demand for the future. This means leaving room for substantial

                   expansion of the facility.

                         f. Entrance - Two openings to a basin are preferred, one entrance, and

                   one exit; otherwise a single opening should be centrally located. Entrance
                   should be located to permit speedy and safe passage of boats in times of
                   storms, fire, fog, darkness and other emergencies. The entrance should be

                   designed (offset or aligned) to shield the moorage from the effects of

                   storms, passing ships, wakes, high waves and other disturbances. A minimum

                   entrance width of 60 feet or 4 times the beam of the widest boat berthed is

                   recommended. The maximum width should not be significantly larger than the

                   minimum recommended value, in order to protect the moorage from turbulent

                   water.

                         g. Approach Channel - The approach channel leading to the marina should

                   be at least twice the entrance width, with a minimum of 100 feet.

                         h. Turning Clearances - Additional maneuvering area increases
                   construction and maintenance costs, the possibility of rough water and safety
                   requirements. Decreased area creates problems in moving and turning boats

                   and makes the marina less desirable by restricting its use. A marina plan

                   must allow sufficient space to permit motorboats to turn within the basin-.

                   Double screws require less maneuvering room than a single screw. So, for

                   average conditions, channel width for turning, entering and leaving slips
                   should be equal to 2-1/4 times the length of the longest boat. If a large

                   portion of the fleet is single screw, use 2-1/2 times; if a large portion

                   of the fleet is twin screw, use 2 times the length of the longest boat.

                         i. Sailboat Moorage - Sailboat moorage should be near the basin

                   entrance and away from congested channels. Since sailboat moorage requests

                   within the CREST area are predominately for transient moorage, they could

                   share an area with gillnetters and other transients and not need special

                   berths.

                         j. Restrooms - Marinas should plan one toilet for each sex for every

                   25 berths. If a marina has a large transient trade, developers should

                   consider public showers; they should also have users pay to help defray

                   costs and to reduce hot water waste. Restrooms should be connected to

                   sewer lines, but marinas might consider rented portable toilets from June

                                                       _50-

                   15 - September 15 to alleviate pressure on the sewer lines and reduce
                   investment costs.

                        k. Other Wastes - Marinas should establish adequate facilities to
                   collect and dispose of domestic sewage, waste grease, oil, gas, diesel
                   fuel, solid wastes and storm drainage.
                             Sample Oil and Grease Procedures -
                             (1)  Provide a waste oil reservoir at repa ir facilities to

                                  collect oil and grease from repair activities;
                             (2)  Provide covered waste oil containers at strategic locations

                                  in the marina;
                             (3)  Post signs prohibiting disposal of oil or greasy rags in
                                  the water;
                             (4)  If septic tank method of sewage disposal is being used,
                                  grease traps should be installed at kitchens or similar
                                  access points to the septic system;
                             (5)  Arrange for collection of such wastes for reuse or

                                  recycling.
                        1. Potable Water - An adequate potable water supply for sanitation,
                   commercial use, and firefighting should be available from either
                   municipal or privately owned services. It should be pure enough for
                   cooking and drinking, and of sufficient volume and pressure for fire-
                   fighting and commercial uses.
                        m.   Firefighting - Some sample procedures include:
                             (1)  Set up an alarm system or use a watchman;
                             (2)  Have on site firefighting capabilities;
                             (3)  Arrange for off site backup support;
                             (4)  Have a pay telephone available 24 hours a day to report

                                  emergencies;
                             (5)  Have a patrol or workboat available to facilitate water
                                  access to a fire or for towing a burning vessel.
                        n. Water Hook-ups - Locate water hook-ups at all medium and large
                   slips, and at every other slip,for small boats (under 21 feet). The
                   fuel dock should also have a freshwater supply.
                        o. Other Safety - Marinas should install nonslip pads on ramps, hand
                   rails, and life rings where needed.

                       p. Flushing Times - An unpublished EPA recommendation is that the
                  total mixing and diffusion times should not be more than one day if a
                  marina is to flush adequately and maintain ambient water quality. If a
                  marina doesn't flush properly, not only does that destroy estuary '
                  habitat, but also it can turn the site into a stagnant sewage trap, In
                  such a case, the mixing and circulation may be improved by providing a
                  flushing mechanism to facilitate circulation. Both the University of
                  Washington and Oregon State University Schools of Oceanography are available
                  to advise on this matter.
                       q. Concessions - (Examples: fuel dock, fish cleaning station,
                  restaurants, bait, tackle). The use.of a concession arrangement may

                  relieve a facility of certain problems associated with operating expenses

                  and labor requirements. A lease arrangement that clearly indicates
                  operation guidelines, payment schedules and liability responsibilities

                  is recommended.

                       r. Planning the Slip Sizes - It is considered good planning
                  practice to provide slip sizes that are indicated by the accumulated
                  percentage method for the fleet within the area.    (See an example for the
                  CREST area at the end of this section.)

                       s. Master Plan     All marinas should develop  a Master Plan.  Such a
                  plan should be based on a study of moorage within   the area. That
                  study should examine demand analysis and trends in lengths, draft   and
                  beams. The plan should be designed so that the facilities can be    built
                  in stages. Each stage should provide adequate buildings, parking    and
                  accessory facilities to conduct the business of the marina.
                       t. Parking - To calculate parking requirements, plan for 1@4-  spaces
                  per berth, 21-2 per charter boat berth. If the facility has a ramp,

                  calculate the maximum daily use of the ramp and double it, since each
                  car/trailer unit requires 2 spaces. For example, if the estimated daily
                  use is 500 launches per day, then 500 x 2 = 1000 parking spaces.
                  Parking plans should consider an off-load loop at the docks 1  ike at
                  airports. Recommended minimum width of maneuvering and approach strips.
                  is 23 ft. for auto and 35 ft. for auto with trailer. One parking space
                  with maneuvering room    435 square feet. To save on paving costs, marinas
                  should consider paving only the heavy use areas like roads and

                                                     -52-

                     maneuvering ardAs.
                          U. Financial - When choosing between alternative sites, a

                     detailed comparative cost analysis is useful. If evaluating a single
                     site, a plan detailing the phases of development, time tables, capacity,
                     types of services, rate structure and expected usage would help determine
                     if a reasonable return on an investment is possible. (See sample format
                     at end of section.)

                          v. Grounds Development - There are numerous construction and
                     landscaping options available to a marina. Marinas may want to hire an
                     architect to plan the overall design.      At a minimum, one acre of land is
                     needed for each acre of water in the basin. This permits planning for
                     most of the usual onshore facilities without undue congestion. The
                     addition of such features.as a motel, swimming pool, tennis court, or
                     lawn will increase the required land area to 14 or 11-2 times the water

                     area.
                          W. Float Design - The design should be based on a 20-25 lbs/sq f t
                     live load, plus the estimated dead load from construction materials.
                     This provides support for normal concentrations of equipment, luggage,
                     food, or ice deposited on a float by a boat owner or attendants. The
                     minimum width should be 4' for a floating pier or walk, in order to main-
                     tain stability. For walking access to slips, an 8' width is recommended.
                     Floats for public landings should be a minimum of 15' wide, for both
                     convenience and psychological effects.
                          x. Boat Removal - Each marina needs adequate arrangements to move
                     boats in and out of the water, even if it is just in case of emergencies.
                     This enables a facility to remove disabled or sinking vessels, and
                     facilitates various shaft, rudder, hull and engine repairs and

                     inspections.

                          y. Launching Ramps - If a launching ramp is utilized, it is
                     important for it to be physically seperated from, other operational areas
                     to avoid congestion. Common slope for a ramp is 12-130/      0*
                          z. Lighting - All turns, steep grades and service areas of a
                     marina should have lighting for safety. All ramps and moorage should
                     also be lit sufficiently at night to facilitate security, firefighting
                     and nocturnal operations.

                                                            -53-

                      aa. Electric Power - Adequate and dependable power should be available
                  under adverse conditions such as dampness, periodic flooding or immersion,
                  corrosion and temperature extremes. Marinas may want to consider a gas
                  or diesel emergency power source with either an automatic or manual
                  start to provide a backup for the most urgent marina electrical needs.
                      bb. Fueling Station - This facility should be located to minimize
                  danger to piers, boats and other property in case of fire or any other
                  emergency. The preferred location is near an entrance to the basin or at the
                  head of a pier so that if a boat catches on fire, it can be quickly

                  removed to protect other boats. It is important to have a highly visible
                  emergency switch to shut down the pumps so that non-attendants can do it.
                  Approved foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be on hand.
                  A copper grounding bar should be installed and used during all refuelings.
                      CC. Sewage Pumpout Stations - Within the CREST area, planning should
                  commence now for the later installation of sewage pumpout stations at
                  the larger marinas. For convenience, preferred locations are near the
                  fueling dock or the launching ramp. Alternatively, a location where
                  maximum flushing capability is maintained may be preferred to minimize
                  the damage from a spill.
                      dd.  Recommended Minimum Space Requirements - (based on a 400@boat
                  marina)

                           Engine showroom - 750 square feet
                           Marine equipment sales - 750 square feet
                           Marina office - 110 square feet per employee using the space
                           Sales of packaged food, bait - 550 square feet
                           Restrooms - 15 square feet per toilet; 24 square feet per
                                shower; 200 square feet for lavatories and passageways for
                                20 toilets; lounge should be 111 times the restroom size.
                           Ramps - For two lanes, plan 48,000 square feet for ramp and

                                maneuvering room
                           Repair yard - Assume 5 days repair per boat per year, 3.6
                                square feet per boat day or repair. Total   will depend

                                on fleet size.

                  2.   Sample Designs
                       Marina designers must consider the advantages and the limitations of

                                                      -54-

                   a specific site. This section examines alternative functional layouts and
                   sample boat basin designs for in water and onshore portions of a marina.
                        Alternative One groups service and transient-oriented activities near

                   the channel entrance; this minimizes service/transient circulation within

                   the marina basin. At the channel entrance, seasonal boating traffic is

                   diverted to a separate docking area.

                        Alternative Two reverses the relationship of channel entrance to

                   boating activity areas outlined by Alternative One. The service and
                   transient-oriented activities are placed at the channel entrance area and

                   near the larger seasonal docking and mooring area. Access to the service

                   and transient-oriented activities is by way of an extended maneuvering

                   area used by all boats in the marina. Illustrations of these two alter-

                   natives appear in Figure 4.

                        The sample basin designs are intended to depict alternatives for marina
                   planning. The usefulness of such approaches depends on the specific site
                   selected and the types of boats using a facility. Figures 5 and 6 provide

                   suggestions for layout of commercial and social activities and on-shore
                   facilities for a typical pleasure boat basin. The designs also suggest

                   services a marina developer might include in a facility.

                   3.   Financial Planning

                        a. Marina Cost Estimate Checklist

                        The following checklist is provided as a, guide to the type of costs
                   that should be included in a marina cost analysis.

                        (1)  Land purchase or lease;

                        (2)  Dredging and spoil disposal;

                        (3)  Bulkhead walls, pilings, main walks, catwalks, breakwater;

                        (4)  Sales and service buildings, boat storage sheds, social

                             activities building, bathhouses, lockers, restrooms, motels

                             and other buildings;

                        (5)  Boat handling equipment or ramp;

                        (6)  onshore recreational facilities;

                        (7)  Fueling facilities;
                        (8)  Utilities onshore and afloat, including domestic water, fire-
                             fighting system, electric power and lighting, sanitation and

                             storm sewer and disposal systems;

                                                       -55-

                                                                                                                        FIGURE 4

                                                                                                   Alternative Functional Layouts

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Alternative Two
                                                       Alternative One

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       VehiculaT   ac(:C%,;
                                                                    Vehicular access                                                                                                                                   (fixed location)
                                                                     (fixed location)

                                      Trailer/                                                                                                                                                                                              d, OD
                                      vehicle
                                      parking                r
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            > CL
                                                                                              Parking: seasonal
                                                                                                                         -.1                                         Parking:    seasonal

                                Boat
                               service
               Ln             building                         R.0-1   B.S.   C.C.                                                                                                                 C. C.   B.S. R.O@
                                                  11    L                                                             --40                        Land
                                                                                                                                                  Water

                                                                                                                                                                                                           Berths:
                                                                                                                                                                                                         rental and
                                                                                                                                                                      Berths  and mooring:               party boats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Boat
                                 Boat                                          Berths and mooring:        seasonal                                                         seasonal                                                           storage
                               storage

                                               5D
                                                               ca
                                                        >
                                 I-and                        14J                                                                                                                                                               E           -Land
                                Water                                                                                                                                                                                                            Water
                                                                Breakwater                                                                                                          Breakwater

                              Legend                                                                                                                 Legenh'!
                                      Hoist                                                                                                           0    Launching ramp                                                      Channel acc   .ess (fixed
                                      Launching ramp                                                                  Channel                                                                                                  location)
                                                                                                                    (f, access                             Hoist
                                F1                                                                                    xcd location)                   8
                         Jedestrian   C.C. Customer convenience building                                                                                   Pedestrian
                                      B.S. Boat sales building                                                                                             C.C. Customer convenience building
                                      R.O. Rental office                                                                                                   B.S. Boat sales building
                                                                                                                                                           R.O. Rental office
                                                                                       LPrkmg

                                                                                                                                                                                  From: Isard, 1972

                                                                                                                                                                               @j COI@,@TRUCTION---@
                                                                                                                                                                                                           41515                                                                         BREAKWArER--

                                                                                                                                                                        1068'- 01                           AZOOlp
                                         ?8'0"      64'- 6-         4 7- 6@          -0'          6 7'- 3'           Gl'-9"           74'-0'            6,9'- 0'               - 0"             7 -0"
                                                                                 60'-                                                                                                                                                                                         -0'                           0"
                                   Z'.                                                                                                                                     81'                                                                 83    0'                                              73'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               24"IZI 5010"         IZ' 24'
                                         PIER 8                   PIER 7                     1  PIER 67                            PIER     5                            plep 4
                                                                 i                                                                                                                                                                                                      PIER 2                                   '-ER j
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  PIER .3.
                                                                    ze45'                         3 1- 45'                           3 &,50,                               3     50'                             2&50'       7 0 60'                                                                                ?,-43'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           pie-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   tu

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ct
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   QQ
                                                                                                                                                        136-0                                                                                                                    -0                                      !D'
                                                                                                                                                                                                .147: 0"                                            A'- 0"                                        173*- 0"
                                                                                                                     124'-D'
                                                      ice., Of

                                     44

                                                                                         +
                                                                                                                                                                                        4-

                                                                                                                                                                                        lb
                                     k

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     r-ks
                                                                                                                            R
                                                                                                                            RfCREAT,'O'
                                                                                                                               419EA
                                                                                                                       0                                           27 Olt   f7-                 :;@G

                                                                                                                                                                             /fas @'tt'
                                                                                                                                                                       19  A.                                                                                    @D
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               SERVICE -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ER V
                                                                                                                            /0                                     , .       .          @                                                                                                           .   .   : -@
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5
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                                                                                                                                    2                                                   3ol at                                                                      33
                                                             =T7 T7                                                    6
                                                                  6 A,los                                                                                          :a:                                                                                               21             Q,
                                                                                                                                                                                        1A 0
                                                                                                                                                                                        '3                                                               30   23
                                                                                                          50CIAL AC71VITIES                                                             3@AufO$
                                                              "Ti                                                SUILOIA16

                                                                       F-1 -77
                                                                                                                                                                                                   /? OA D
                                                                                                                                                                             C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  FIGURE               5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         TYPICAL PLEASURE BOAT BASIN
                                                                                                                                                                                                        NO rE -                   0'                                ARRANGEMENT PROVIDING
                                                                                                                                                                                           -9ule5 Sho-n fl7us 12&3
                                                                                                                                                                                        Ore 1he number cndmax/Inum                                  BOTH COMMERCIAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            R

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   'a

                                                                                                                             1C'R1A1IO---1
                                                                                                  _0"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       be Sa                                                              SC LE IN FEET
                                                                                                                                @9r,i-Rways        3ervice4reas                         si3e a" boats f'@G/     Ca"'           fely                                                     _A
                                                                                                                     Areas @ot othe.-wlse Shown                                         CCC0M001a1'e,7 in the 511,05 so
                      RC.B                                                                                           are Ir be sodde a                                                                                                                                                                                    DRAWING NO. I

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          From: Chaney, 1961

                                                                                                                                                                                             Monorail                                  H-! W,11
                                        +                                    4-                                     +               +
                                                                                                                                                                                          Fla. t@                                                         4
                                                                                                                                          IT
                                                                                                                                                                                             _A     'K,
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Fv,l T-k5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     DRY      11
                                                                                                                                                                 Z7,
                                                                                                                                                                                     POOL
                                                                                                                   ell                          10
                                                                                 L   I i  i i                                                                                                                   -t                               1 STORACE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   SHED
                                                    L,4                                                                                                   7 7
                                                       utomobile    Parking    265  -Spaces
                                                                                                                               2                                                                                                                    36
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         d

                                C4
                                                                                                                                                                                        "N/S                                                     SERVICE
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    BLDO.

                                                                                                                                       :Fence
                                                                                                                                                                                             R OA D
                                                                                                                                                                          pUBL IC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Note:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       PorAing Areas at thIS eno' a/ both Arrangements la
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   be used for Boat Storage during off season.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Refer to Dow,,g No, / to, other information.
                                             mote:                                                               DEVELOPMEAIT FOR CLUB TYPE MARINA
                                               These Plans are based upon pler and slip                                                                                                                                Numbers. shown ;n Buildinq Areas InoIcate usage.
                                             systems shown in Deowing No,      excep@ 05 noted.                                                                                                                    )car 1.4.1. t/On Of suc15 usage re"er to Chaoter
                  C:
                                                                                                                                                                    _+
                                                                                                                     + ho's,                                                                    "ff-rail
                                                                                                                   +    Well                                               J                                                 fing                         +

                                                                                              I IT71                      SERV CE        YARD-.)
                                                                                                                                                                                        Boats
                                                                                                                                                                           jZ outboo,d.
                                                                                                                                                                   fotag
                                                                                                                                          30        3Z 13
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      DRY
                                                                                                                                                                                                            A                                    "S70RA4
                                                                                                                                          '2        33                                                                                                    ;E
                                                                                            -9 Spaces                   28                          33  2
                                                               L-Auto-b'?, Pa'A"g         19                                                                                                                                                        SHED
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    36
                                                                                       IT                                                           2)
                                                                                                                         29

                                                                                                                                            3
                                                                                                                               26                                                                                             Y/"/

                                                                                                                                      31
                                                                                                                                                                                   A
                                                                                                                                                                           1-9
                                                                                                                                                                      pot

                                                                                                                                            RVIC    E
                                                                                                                                                    BLDG
                                                                                                                            S IES
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Flrcl
                                                                                                                            1A1      &SE

                                      7
                                                                                                                                                                                             ROA D
                                                                                               -TT7
                                                                                 T
                                                      Af 0 TEL                                                                                                            PUBLIC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       FIGURE 6

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       TYPICAL PLEASURE BOAT BASIN
                                                                                                                                                                                                         ARRANGEMENT OF ON-SHORE FACILITIES
                                                                                                                 DEKELOPMENT FOR COMMERCIAL USAGE                                                                                   SCALEINFEET
                                     lre,@                                                                                                                                                                                    @0 0 '0 1.- ..01.
                    I                       sc-ec       .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             DRAWING NO. 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                X

                                                                                                                                          30        3'
                                                                                                                                                    33
                                                                                                                                 151
                                                                                                                      @2T
                                                                                                                                    t32
                                                                                                                           9

                                     7' @1@

                                                                                                                                                                                From: Chaney, 1961

                            (9) Grounds improvement including grading, roads, walls,
                                 parking areas.- landscaping, guard rails and fences;
                           (10) Planning costs;
                           (11) Costs of repaying bonds or loans.
                   Cost estimates should be sufficiently broad to include the physical
                   material costs, contractors' profit and overhead, and the owner's
                   planning and overhead costs (Chaney, 1961).

                        b. Analysis of Sample Revenues and Costs
                        This section presents select ed data from a 1974 study by the
                   National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers. The data detail
                   the percentage of income from different revenue sources, the percentage
                   breakdown of indirect operating costs, and a percentage breakdown of
                   direct costs for eleven marinas (chargeable against the various sources
                   of revenue and the gross profit obtained from each source).
                        These data are useful to the CREST area marinas because they provide
                   a format for the financial analysis and the relative percentage shares of
                   both revenue sources and costs. Each marina can compare its own revenue
                   sources, cost sources and profit, to determine if it might change the mix
                   of types of services offered to increase the profit from its operations.
                   For example, if skilled, reasonably priced boat repairmen are difficult
                   to find or keep on the job, then the marina might phase down its labor
                   intensive repair services and build up the sales of food, ice, bait and
                   tackle; this shift in mix might contribute a greater percentage to gross
                   profits per unit of labor effort. Tables 2 and 3 detail sources of
                   revenue and,operating costs a developer might consider.
                        6. Sample Format for Financial Planning
                        This section presents a sample format for evaluating the financial
                   feasibility of a potential marina site. If more than one site is being
                   considered, a comparative cost technique should be used to eliminate
                   all costs that will be the same, regardless of the site chosen; the
                   study should analyze only the costs that are site-dependent. It is also
                   possible to evaluate the preferred scale of operations by using scaling
                   factors on the different costs, but such techniques really involve a site
                   specific analysis (see the Isard text for an example of the technique).

                                                       -59-

                                                                                                                                      TABLE 2

                                                                                                            ANALYSIS OF REVENUES AND COSTS

                                                                                                                      SOURCES OF REVENUE

                                                                     A breakdown of the income reported:,by 75 companies: 7 boatyards,
                                                                     and 37 combined marina/boatyard operations

                        REVENUE SOURCES:                                                 Boat Yards                                         Marinas                                            Combin6tion      Boat Yard/Marina                    All Reporting Companies

                        Sa;c of new boats & engines...                          744,544                     33.89%       $ 7,137,193                       46.25%                                5,219,616                       36.94%        $ 13,101,433                        41.26%
                        Sale of used boats & engines..                          54,417                      2.48              3,032,331                     19.65                                1,486,414                       10.50              4,573,162                      14.40
                        Sale of hardware & paints           ......              425,657                     19.38                 913,625                    5.92                                1,466,991                       10.38              2,60b,273                      8.84
                        Salc of fuel and lubricants         ......              177,224                     8.07                  640,455                    4.14                                    943,754                     6.80               1,761,433                      5.55
                        Service & repairs, etc      ..............              539,269                     24.55                 946,846                    6.13                                2,166,393                       15.32              3,652,508                      17.50
                        Rental of slips & mooriryjs.....                        63,176                      2.88               1,319,931                     8.55                                1,370,913                       9.70               2,754,010                      8.67
                        Dry land storage (seasonal)         .....                                                                 81,222                     0.57                                    1.00,401                    0.70                 181,623                      0.57
                        Winter storage     .........................            130,261                     5.93                  408,300                    2.64                                    865,841                     5.12               1,40-1,402                     4.42
                        Boat rental    ..............................           18,500                      0.84                  38,555                     0.25                                    3312.351                    2.34                 389,306                      1.23
                        Food    ............................e..........           1,500                     0.07                  732,116                    4.73                                    21,OW                       0.14                 784,616                      2.38
                        Other (ice, bait, fish tackle)        ...               43,116                      1.91                  182,522                     1.17                                   151,108                     1.06                 375,746                      1.18
                                 TOTAL       .......................      $2,196,664                        100.00%        $15,433,096                    100.00%                           $ 14,124,782                     100.00%          S 31,754,51@                      100.00%

                   0
                                                                                                                  INDIRECT OPERATING                       COSTS

                                                       A breakdown of the indirect operating costs                                                      reported by the same 75 companies

                        INDIRECT COSTS:,                                                 Boat Yards                                          Marinas                                           Combination       Boat Yard/Marina                   All Reporting Companies

                        Pay,ments to management             .......             $153,992                    28  80%        $      451,000                   27.44%                             $     693,766                     26.22%          $ 1,293,758                       26.83%
                        Taxes.,,   ....................................         60,523                      11.32                 202,345                   12.3 1                                   346,188                     13.ce                610,256                      12.60
                        Rent   ......  .................................        37,500                      .7.01                 87,458                      5.32                                   4177,451                    '631                 310,409                      6.41
                        Utilities   ...................................         36,474                      6.32.                 171,669                    10.44                                   210,874                     7.97                 419,8 17
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   8.67
                        Insu.ancc   ....  .......................  1...         64,664                      12.W                  163,642                     9.96                                   235,240                     8.89                 1-168,846                    9.68
                        Intralf.-st on                                                                                            '179,884                   17.03                                   351,217                     13.27                692,587                      14.31
                                                  ..................            59,486                      11.12
                        Advcrtising 8( promoiLion           ...                 14,2813                     2.67                  154,381                     9.39                                   177'6%                      6.72                 3:46,285.,                   7.15
                        Other  ..........: ..............................       107,839                     20.17                 133,334                     8.11                                   453,337                     17.14                694,600                      14.35

                                  TOTAL      .......................            $543,316                    100.00%          $1,643,713                   100.00%                              $2,645,689                    100.DO%             $ 4,84 1,558                  i 00.00%

                                                                                                                                                                                        From: National Association of Engine
                                                                                                                                                                                                               Boat Manufacturers, 1974

                                                                      TABLE 3

                                 .COST-TO-REVENUE ANALYSIS

             An-analysis of the income o   f 11 marinas, indicating the direct             Total direct costs:
             costs chargeable against the various sources of revenue, and                     Materials, merchandise, etc     ......... 58.8%
             the gross profit obtained from each.
                                                                  %                            Labor ...............................   16.1%
                                                              MATERIALS,         %             Total ................................  74.9%
                                                       %     MERCHANDISE,     GROSS
             REVENUE SOURCES                        LABOR    MAINTENANCE     PROFITS
         I   Sale of  new boats & engines   .......   3.6        82.0         -14.4        Gross Profits   ..........................  25.1%
        01
             Sale of  used boats & engines   ......   7.5        79.2         13.3         Total indirect costs    ................... 19.3%
             Sale of  hardware, paints & engines    13.4         69.6         17.0         Net earnings before taxes    ..............   5.8%
             Sale of  fuel & lubricants   ......... 11.0         78.4         10.6
             Servire  & repairs, etc   ............ 43.3         32.9         23.8
             Rental of slips and moorings    ...... 11.3         .17.4        71.3
             Dry land storage (seasonal)    ....... 20.0         30.0         50.0
             Winter storage   ....................  25.2         12.6         62.2
             Boat rentals   ......................    4.3        84.5         11.2
             Food  ..............................   23.9         41.4         34.7
             Other (ice, bait, fishing tackle). 18.1             43.4         38.5              From: National Association of Engine and
                                                                                                       Boat Manufacturers, 1974

                       The format discussed is based on information presented in Walter
                  Isard's analysis of potential marina sites in the New England area, but
                  it has been generalized for use in the CREST area.
                       Generally, the costs are linked to initi al capital costs, associated
                  maintenance costs, annual operating cost, and planning costs. It is also
                  possible to include a rough estimate of ecological costs linked primarily
                  to the damage from the dredging operations and spoil disposal. There will
                  definitely be a cost tradeoff in this area because often the least
                  environmentally damaging spoil disposal techniques and locations are
                  significantly more expensive to utilize. The following is a step-by-step
                  guide for financial planning:
                       (1)  Calculate capital costs, depreciation rates and annual
                            depreciation (see example).
                       (2)  Calculate planning costs (see example).
                       (3)  Calculate annual taxes based on local tax rate.
                       (4)  Calculate annual insurance costs to the marina (examples: fire
                            insurance on buildings, ship repairing liability, motor vehicle
                            coverage, personal and indemnity, boat dealer's and commercial
                            hull policies).
                       (5) Calculate annual expense for advertising and promotional

                            activities.

                       (6)  Calculate annual labor costs.
                       (7)  Calculate cost of utilities, maintenance and supplies and
                            revenues by revenue yielding operation (see example).
                       (8)  A calculation of ecological cost could also be made.

                  Then items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (exclude revenue) and 8 are included in an
                  annual cost table. Tables 4, 5 and 6 suggest a more detailed breakdown
                  for calculating the c6sts in this guide, and Table 7 is a sample
                  for recording annual costs.
                       Next, a table could be set up for calculating the.rate of return.
                  For example, the developer.should consider:
                       (1) Total annual revenues;
                       (2) Total ecological costs;
                       (3) Total fixed and operating costs (see sample table);
                       (4) Total annual costs (2 + 3)

                                                      -62-

                                                      TABLE 4.

                                      Capital Cost, Depreciation Rate, and
                                           Annual Depreciation by Item

                                                       Capital   Depreciation         Annual
                          Item                           Cost           Rate       Depreciation

                    Moorings                                            7%
                    Shore protection                                    6
                    Dredging                                            7
                    Docks                                               6
                    Breakwaters                                         5
                    Ramps                                               7.
                    Site  improvement
                          Fill                                          0
                          Paving                                      10
                          Utility                                       6
                          Drainage___
                          Landscaping                                   0
                          Access road                                   6
                          Sewage system                                 6
                          Fueling facilities                          12
                    Equipment and boats
                          Boat-handling equipment                     10
                          Work and party boats                          7
                          Rental boats                                10
                    Land                                                0

                    Building construction
                          ,Boat and motor sales
                          Marine accessory sales
                          Restrooms and lounge
                          Gear storage
                          Administration
                          Transient and rental office
                          Fuel sales
                          Boat and packaged food sales
                          indoor storage-single level
                          Indoor storage-triple level
                          Repair services

                    Grand Total

                                                          -63-

                                                    TABLE 5

                                            Sample Planning Costs
                                                (One-Time Only)

                  Planning costs are estimated as follows:

                       Topographic surveys, at $50/acre                       $    675
                       Soil-borings, involving 5 days work at
                             $583/day                                            2,915

                       Hydrographic surveys, with reference to                     440

                            11 acres of water hasin and channel
                            area, at $40/acre

                       Meteorological consultation, 3 days at                      480
                            $160/day

                       Building permits at standard rates                        1,019

                       Master planning at approximately 5                       68,000
                            percent of construction and improve-
                            ment cost (excluding boats, equipment,,
                            and land)

                       Total                                                   $73,529

                                                        -64-

                                                       TABLE 6

                                     Sample Tabulation of Costs of Utilities,
                                      Costs of Maintenance and Supplies, and
                                      Revenues, by Revenue-Yielding Operation

                                                                   Costs of
                                                     Cost of    Maintenance
                     Revenue-Yielding Operation     Utilities   and Supplies    Revenue

                     Slip rentals                    $ 3,000        $13,760     $ 86,040
                     Moorings                                          533          4,050
                     Dry-land berthing rentals           500         4,300         26,880

                     Boat storage
                          Indoor                         500         4,320         27,000
                          Outdoor                                    2,688         16,800
                          Wet                            ---           ---             ---

                     Boat handling
                          Hauling and launching                      1,152          7,200
                          Trailerrental                  500           813          4,650
                          Ramp use                                     441          8,820
                     Boat rental                         250         12,560        60,264
                     Boat, motor and trailer            2,000        6,000         99,844
                       sales, new
                     Boat, motor and trailer             ---         2,500         12,000
                       sales, used
                     Party-boat fishing                  300         7,000         56,000
                     Marine accessory supplies          1,000        4,000         36,000
                     Repair and outfitting services 3,000            5,000         60,000
                     Packaged food and bait sales        500         1,000         27,000
                     Fuel and other product sales        100           500         11,270
                     Snack bar and laundry service       ---           ---          3,000
                     Gear storage rent                   ---                        51,000

                          Totals                      $11,650       $66,567       $551,818

                                                           -65-

                                                  TABLE 7

                                     Sample Annual Cost Table Format

                                Annual Costs for 395-Boat Marina Complex

                 Fixed

                    Depreciation

                    Taxes on land and structures

                    Insurance

                    Public relations

                                                     Total Fixed Costs

                 Operating

                    Labor

                    Utilities

                    Maintenance and supplies

                                                     Total Operating Costs

                 TOTAL                               Fixed Plus Operating

                                                     -66-

                         (5) Annual surplus (I minus 4);
                         (6) Total capital costs (see sample table);
                         (7) Planning costs (see sample table);
                         (8) Rate of return (5 -*. (6 + 7) x 100

                   This calculation of rate of return deals with the first year only.
                   Another approach would be to include a share of the planning costs in the
                   first 5 or 10 years. This would obviously improve the  rate of return.
                   Another factor to keep in mind is that new facilities may take several
                   years to reach peak operating capacity. The author estimates that in
                   the CREST area this delay will be minimal for the next 5 years, due to the
                   chronic undersupply of moorages.

                   4.    Sample Format and Baseline Data for Calculating New Moo rage Slip Sizes

                         This section of the report develops baseline information to help

                   local marinas and planners decide on the appropriate mix of new slip

                   lengths. This is an important process for the economic success of a

                   marina. The mix must be appropriate to maximize the use of space, meet

                   the moorage demand, and minimize wasted space.

                         The first group of data (Figure 7) reflects the length and beam
                   relationships of representative users of marinas within the CREST area.
                   This includes permanent and transient, commercial, charter, and

                   recreational vessels. These beam requirements are usefql for planning the

                   spacing between berths. For vessels longer than 50 feet, estimate beam at

                   slightly less than 1/3 of length, except for special purpose large vessels.

                   Their beams cannot be estimated without knowing the type of vessel.
                         The second group of data (Table 8) reflects the length distribution
                   of the seasonal gillnet fleet in Astoria. Since Astoria becomes the center
                   of that activity on the lower river during gillnet season, the data are
                   assumed to be representative of the Lower Columbia River gillnet fleet.

                         The third group of data (Table 9) reflects the length distribution

                   of the 1977 conmerc@al and recreational transients for Ilwaco and Astoria.

                   These two marinas had data that can be regarded as representative of
                   distribution patterns of the CREST area marinas. Data on the trends in
                   sailboat registration in Oregon and length distribution are presented in

                   Table 10.

                                                       -67-

                                                   FIGURE 7

                                       Length and Beam   Relationship
                           from Astoria (West and East End Basins)     and Ilwaco

                         5    6               9    10   11   12    13   14 @@15   16.  :1?   18   19

                20-

                25-

                30

                35-

                4o.-

                                                              4
                45

                50

                                                    Ranges

                             20 -  26' = beam of 8'
                             28 -  331 = beam  clustered around 10'     11'
                             35 -  42' = beam  clustered around 12'     -13'
                             42 -  50' = beam  clustered around.14'     15'

                             These  ranges can  be used for planning   slip sizes.

                                                        -68-

                                                     TABLE 8

                             Astoria Gillnet Size Distribution (West and East End)

                                                   1977 Season

                                  (Assumed to be Representative of Lower  River)

                                                 Percentage of Fleet            Accumulated
                      Number                   (rounded to nearest 11%)         Percentage

                    22 - none                            0                          100

                    23 - none                            0                          100

                    24 - 5                               4                          100

                    25 - 4                               3                           96

                    26 - 12                            10                            93

                    27 - 18                            15                            83

                    28 - 51                            42.5                          68

                    29 - 9                               7.5                         25.5

                    30 - 16                            13                            18.0

                    31 - 1                               1                            5

                    32 - none                            0                            4

                    33 - 1                               1                            4

                    34 - none                            0                            3

                    35 - 1                               1                            3

                    36 - 1                               1                            2

                    37 - none                            0                            1

                    38 - none                            0                            1

                    39 - none                            0                            1

                    40 - 1                               1                            1

                    TOTAL   120                       100%                            0

                                                         -69-

                                                     TABLE 9

                                                1977 TRANSIENTS

                                1977 Commercial Transients Size Distribution
                                 for Ilwaco and Astoria (West and East End)

                                                       Percentage of Combined
                                                      Commercial Transient Fleet        Accumulated
                  Length                   Number      (rounded to nearest %)           Percentage
                  less than 30'                5                    1                       100

                  30 - 39'                  107                  20                         99

                  40 - 49'                  217                  40                         79

                  50 - 59'                  144                  26                         39

                  60 - 69'                   55                  10                         13

                  70 - 79'                   13                     2                         3

                  80' or larger                4                    1                         1

                                            545                  100%                         0

                               1977 Recreation Transients Size Distribution for
                                               Ilwaco and Astoria

                                                       Percentage of Combined
                                                     Recreation Transient Fleet         Accumulated
                  Length                   Number      (rounded to nearest %)           Percentage
                  13 - 15'                     3                    .4                      100

                  16 - 19'                  219                  34                         99.6

                  20 - 24'                  251                  39                         65.6

                  25 - 29'                  105                  16                         26.6

                  30 - 34'                   27                     4                       10.6

                  35 - 39'                   13                     2                         6.6

                  40 - 44'                   12                     2                         4.6

                  45 - 49'                     4                    .6                        2.6

                  50 - 54'                     5                    .8                        2.0

                  55 - 59'                     0                    0                         1.2
                  60' or greater               1-                   .2-                       1.2
                  Total                     640                  99.9%                        1.0

                  Data collected  after Labor Day 1977 for entire season.
                    error due to  rounding
                                                         -70-

                                                          TABLE 10

                                            Sailboats Greater than 16' Length
                                                   (% to nearest tenth)

                  Length 1973        %       1974     %       1975      %       1976      %       1977     %

                  17-20     434   46          461    40.3      499     38.4      531    34.4      568     33.6

                  21-24     253   26.8        361    31.6      434     33.4      538    34.8      377     34

                  25-28     157   16.6        192    16.8      234     18.0      306    19.8      352    '20.8

                  29-32        39   4.1       55     4.8         65    5.0        83     5.4      106     6.3

                  33-36        37   3.9       44     3.9         45    3.5        49     3.2        55    3.3

                  37-40        11   1.2       13     1.1         10    0.8         21    1.4        17    1.0

                  41-44        5    0.5         7    0.6         6     0.5         8     0.5         6    0.4

                  45-48        6    0.6       10     0.9         5     0.4         7     0.5         4    0.2

                  49-52        2    0.1         0    0           2     0.1         2     0.1         3    0.1

                  53-5 6       0    0           0    0           2     0.1         2     0.1         1    0.1

                  TOTALS    943   98.8*      1143   100.0     1301   100.2*     1545  100.2*      1689   99.8*

                  Percentage of   Total                           1.2%              1.3%             1.425%
                  Recreational Vessels:

                   Rounding error

                           In Table 10 please note that the bulk of all registered Oregon sailboats
                     longer than 16 feet are still under 29 feet in length (88.4% in 1977). Also
                     note-that sailboats are representing a slightly increasing share of total

                     recreational vessels (still under 2% of total). The percentage figures for

                     the length distribution also reveal a trend,towards longer sailboats.
                     These trends need to be considered in the planning for sailboat moorage.

                                                                    From: Oregon State Marine Board,
                                                                            Computer Records

                                                               -71-

                                                                   TABLE 11

                              Summary of Boat Length Survey for Hammond, Warrenton, Ilwaco and Astoria
                                                          1977 Permanent Moorage Only

                                       Hammond                               Warrenton                              Ilwaco
              Length of Number of Percentage Accumulated Number of Percentage Accumulated Number of Percentage Accumulated
                Boats      Boats       Group     Percentage       Boats      Group     Percentage       Boats      Group     Percentage

              16 -  19        12         6.66       100.00           9         2.98       100.00          82         7.55        100.00

              20 -  24        55        30.55       93.34           85        28.14       97.02           403       37.11        92.45
              25 -  29        26        14.44       62.79           88        29.14       68.88           231       21.27        55.34
              30    34        25        13.88       48.35           59        19.54       39.74           152       14.00        34.07

              35    39        16         8.88       34.47           19         6.29       20.20           75         6.91
              40    44        25        13.88       25.59           10         3.31       13.91           92         8.47        13.16
              45    49         9         5.00       11.71            4         1.32       10.60           25         2.30         4.69
              50    54         6         3.33        6.71           10         3.31        9.28           15         1.38         2.39-
              55    59         1           .55       3.38            2           .66       5.97           10            .92       1.01
              60    64         2         1.11        2.83            1           .33       5.31             1          .09          .09
              65    69         1           .55       1.72            8        .2..65       4.98           --
              70    74        --         0           1.17            1           .33       2.33
              75               2        *1.11       *1.17      6 at  85'      *1.99       *2.00           --        --           --

              TOTALS         180      100%           0             302        100.00       0             1086       100.00        0

                                                                                                                                    0 W
                                                                                                                                      UQ
                                                                (279 w/o  new commercial     -                                        M
                                                                 moorage) Includes new
                error due to rounding.                           basin moorage requests (23)
                                                                 4 in existing'basin want to transfer

                                Astoria (West End)                     Astoria (East End)                      Totals for CREST area
              Length of Number of Percentage Accumulated Number of Percentage Accumulated Number of Percentage Accumulated
                 Boats      Boats       Group      Percentage       Boats       Group      Percentage       Boats       Group       Percentage

              16  - 19          3          1.15       100.00           --        --           --              106          5.70         100.00
              20 -  24         45         17.27        98.85            1          3.13       100.00          589          31.65        94.30
              25  - 29        106         40.61        81.61           11        34.38        96.87           462          24.83        62.65
              30 -  34         38          14.56       41.00            4        12.50        62.49           278          14.94        37.82
              35  - 39         24          9.20        26.44            2          6.25       49.99           136          7.31         22.88
              40 -  44         22          8.43        17.24           --        --           --              149          8.00         15.57
              45  - 49          7          2.68         8.81           --        --           --               45          2.42          7.57
              50 -  54          5          1.92         6.13            1          3.13       43.74            37          1.99          5.15
              55  - 59          8          3.07         4.21            1          3.13       40.61            22          1.18          3.16
              60 -  64          1           .38         1.14            3          9.38       37.48              8          .43          1.98
              65  - 69          @2          .77          .76            1          3.13       28.10            12           .64          1.55
              70 -  74         --          0           --               2          6.25       24.97              3          .16             .91
              75               --          0            0               6#      *18.75        .*18.72                       .75             .75

              TOTALS          261        100.00         0              32       100.00           0            1861        100.00         0

              #notes: 1 at     83'                               error due   to rounding
                         3 at  88'
                         1 at  193'                                                                                                          GQ
                                                                                                                                             M
                         1  at 228'
                                                                                                                                             0

                                                                                                                                             tIJ

                                                 FIGURE 8

                                     Study of Boat Length Distribution
                                       by Accumulative Curve Method

                          15 20 25 30 -35 4o 45             50 55 6o 65 70 75-'
                                                             0                  0-
                      10-

                      20-

                                   1977
                      30-

                      40-

                                                              1983
                      50-

                      60-

                   4-4
                   0  70-
                   -P

                   a)
                      80-

                   PL4

                      90-

                                   C)

                      100-

                      Date points are placed on the largest value of the ranges since all
                members of that range could use such a berth.

                                                    -74-

                         The fourth group of data (Table 11) summarizes the boat length
                    distribution for permanent moorage at Hammond, Warrenton, Ilwaco, and
                    Astoria, plus for the combined fleets. The graph of boat length

                    distribution then uses the accumulation curve method to chart the data
                    from Table 11 (see Figure 8).

                         Marina operators or developers in the CREST area should keep in
                    mind then, that if new slips are being planned, the mix of lengths should
                    be apportioned according to the accumulative percentage curve from the
                    existing fleet.

                         For new  permanent moorage then:
                              37% should handle up to 24'
                              25% should handle between  24 and 29'

                              15% should handle between   30 and 34'

                               7% should handle between   35 and 39'

                               8% should handle between   40 and 44'

                              231% should handle.between  45 and 49'

                               2% should handle between   50 and 54'
                               3% should handle over 551   length

                         It is possible  to combine ranges,-but  while it may simplify
                    construction and operations, it wastes space and will lower the maximum
                    possible revenue.if every other factor in the rate determination is

                    constant.

                         This distribution represents good planning practice based on the
                    current fleet size distribution. However, the mix should be modified to
                    account for trends towards longer boats and individual basin and fleet

                    characteristics. After the mix of berths has been modified to suit the
                    basin's needs, the beams associated with those lengths can be read off
                    the length-beam relationship curve to plan the spacing for the slips.
                         In a similar manner, the mix of slips for the transient commercial
                    and transient recreational vessels can be calculated.

                         It is important to note that the mix of slips changes and depends on
                    the type of boats that the moorage will support. This is a policy
                    decision for each marina; it relates to how much of a new marina will go
                    to permanent moorage, transient commercial or recreational vess6ls.

                                                          -75-

                 (See demand section for predictions of moorage demand by each of these
                 types of vessels.) Transients do not have the same distribution
                 patterns as permanent moorage length distributions, so it is not the best
                 policy to plan only for permanent moorage length distribution. Also,
                 the range of boat length for charter, commercial and recreation vessels
                 needs to be considered.
                      An assumption was made to use data from the marinas previously
                 described for length distribution; those data were assumed to be
                 representative of the fleet in the CREST area. (Hammond, Warrenton, Astoria,

                 Ilwaco were included. Cathlamet and Chinook data were difficult.to obtain.)

                 All other marinas are thus assumed to,have similar length distributions.
                 The longer vessels are at Warrenton, Ilwaco and Astoria. The fleet stored
                 on land is presumed to be trailerable (less than 28'), so the data for boats
                 above 301 lengths would not be affected by their presence. There were

                 sufficient data available for the trailerable boats so that it was assumed

                 that the fleet on land would share the same length distribution as the less

                 than 28 ft permanent and transient moorage requests in Ilwaco and Astoria.

                      The accumulated percentage curve for the CREST fleet is shown in
                 Figure 8 and is labeled for the 1977 and 1983 season. Notice that the
                 1983 curve is predicted to shift outward and down to reflect the trend
                 towards longer vessels.
                 5.   Marine Sanitation Devices and Sewage Pumpout Stations
                      In this section, the new legal requirements for marine sanitation
                 devices (MSD) are reviewed and information on sewage pumpout station
                 capabilities, installation procedures, and site recommendations within

                 the CREST area is examined.

                      This information is presented to facilitate marina planning for the
                 study area. Although now there is little pressure for pumpout facilities,
                 they are expected to be needed within 3 years.

                      Further information on performance and types of pqmpout stations, and

                 contacts with various manufacturers is available in a file in the CREST
                 library. Additionally, there is a functioning pumpout station (coin
                 operated) at the Port of Kalama Marina, Kalama, Washington, that is
                 available for exploration. If there are any questions about which
                 MSD's are certified or function properly, contact the 13th Coast Guard
                 District Boating Safety Office in Seattle (1-206-442-7355).

                                                     -76-

                        a. Scope of MSD Requirements
                        The term MSD includes any equipment intended for installation onboard

                   a vessel which receives, retains, treats or discharges sewage and any
                   process which treats such sewage. It does not include "portable devices"
                   which can be carried on and off the vessel. Requirements apply to all
                   foreign vessels and all domestic, commercial, charter, and recreational
                   vessels operating within the territorial waters (including the CREST area)

                   of the United States.

                        According to Coast Guard public information releases, the
                   Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued regulations on 29 January
                   1976 to revise Federal standards for performance of marine sanitatation
                   devices. The regulations apply to all vessels with toilet facilities,
                   but they do not require the installation of toilet facilties on. vessels
                   which do not have them. The Coast Guard issued implementation procedures
                   for these standards on 12 April 1976. The regulations are effective after
                   30 January 1977 for new vessels and 30 January 1980 for existing vessels;
                   boat owners may comply earlier. After the effective date of the
                   regulations (or the date of compliance for those vessels which comply
                   early), vessels are exempt from state and local regulation of MSD's, with

                   one exception.
                        A state may prohibit sewage discharge (treated and untreated) into
                   some or all of the waters within the state. The state does so by making
                   written application to the Administrator, Environmental Protection
                   Agency, and by'receiving the Administrator's affirmative determination
                   that adequate facilities for safe and sanitary removal and treatment of
                   sewage from all vessels are reasonably available for such waters to which
                   the prohibition would apply. In such waters, flow-tbrough devices must
                   be secured to prevent any discharge to the receiving waters. The new
                   standards of performance, definitions of new and existing vessels, and
                   the timetable for early and regular  compliance are set forth later in

                   this discussion.

                        b. Coast Guard Certification of MSD's

                        If a unit was built before 30 January 1976, it is considered an
                   11existing device','. This equipment, except no-discharge devices built
                   before 30 January 1975, was.certified by official letter from the Coast

                                                      -77-

                 Guard. @No-discharge devices built before 30 January 1975-were certified
                 by regulation without a letter, however some manufacturers applied for
                 and received letters certifying their devices. An owner' should obtain a
                 copy of this letter from the manufacturer or distributor as a record
                 that the equipment is Coast Guard certified. If the unit was manufactured
                 on or after 30 January 1976, and is Coast Guard certified, except certain
                 no-discharge devices, it will have a label on it. No-discharge devices
                 being used solely for the storage of sewage and flu-sh-water at.ambient
                 pressure and temperature may be certified by definition. Such devices
                 certified in this manner cannot be labeled. However, manufacturers -may
                 apply for certification on such devices and thereby label them as Coast
                 Guard certified. That label gives the certification number and indicates
                 whether the equipment has been type approved for inspected or uninspected

                 vessels.

                      c. Flow-through and M7@disdharge Devices

                      There are two varieties of marine sanitation equipment. One variety
                 treats the waste and then discharges it into the water (Type I or Type
                 II). Type I is similar to a macerator-chlorinator and has a limited life
                 expectancy. Type Il MSD's are more thorough and basically similar to a
                 chloride secondary treatment plant. The second retains the waste onboard
                 or treats it in a manner which does not result in any discharge into the
                 water (Type III). This includes holding tanks, recirculators and
                 incinerators. Investigation should determine whether the operating area
                 is a no-discharge or discharge area, and then a decision on discharge or
                 no-discharge equipment can be made. There are two types of no-d.iscbarge
                 areas: federal or state and local.     Federal regulations prohibiting
                 discharges apply either to a class of waters (see note on timetable) or
                 to specific waters [contact the regional (Seattle) EPA offic.e for exact
                 areas]. State and local prohibition areas are controlled by the state
                 boating authority or local police. If operation occurs in a no-discharge
                 area, check on the availability of pumpout facilities; a decision can then
                 be made on either retention equipment which will require periodic pumpout,
                 or incineration equipment which does not. If operation occurs in both
                 discharge and no-discharge zones, a dombination Type I or Type II unit
                 with Type III equipment might be desirable for maximum flexibility.

                                                     -78-

                        d. Capacity

                        Selected equipment should have adequate capacity; that capacity can be
                   estimated by determining the maximum number of persons that will be aboard
                   a vessel, including guests. Retention or recirculating devices should
                   provide sufficient capacity between pumpouts for cruising needs; it is

                   illegal to pump the contents of a holding tank overboard in U.S. waters.

                        e. Other Considerations

                        Considerations involved in selecting equipment for a vessel should

                   include the space needed, the vessel's electrical system capability and the
                   .freshwater supply storage capacity.
                        Planning before purchase can result in years of trouble-free, safe
                   operation of a vessel's marine sanitation system.

                        f. Implications to CREST Area Marinas

                        The implication of these legal requirements for marinas is that more
                   boats utilizing moorage space will require sewage pumpout capabilities for
                   their Type III MSD's. Manufacturers make a variety of sewage pumpout

                   stations suitable for use in the CREST area. Stations can be shipped by air

                   freight or parcel post and installed by local electricians and plumbers to

                   meet local building codes. Units can be explosion-proof and are therefore

                   suitable for installation on a fuel dock for one-stop servicing. other

                   options include.a pumpout/freshwater combination unit, coin/token operations,

                   card-operated, extra plumbing heads designed to meet specific needs, and

                   spring loaded hose take-up reels. The pumpout units are designed to with-

                   stand corrosive chemicals, survive the salt air environment and function

                   all year. They can pump into municipal sewage systems, holding tanks, leach
                   and drain fields and septic tanks. Typical units have 2" connections to
                   the pump discharge and either a 11.0 or 220 volts electrical source.
                        Design variables for evaluating discharge performance for a typical
                   manufactured unit depends on the length of the discharge pipe (distance), the

                   size and type of pipe used, and the height the fluid must be lifted before it

                   discharges under atmospheric pressure into a sewerline, wet well or storage

                   tank. Figure 9 shows how the suitability of a typical pumpout station can be

                   evaluated in the design stage.

                        Sewage pumpout facilities are neat, servicable and potential revenue

                   producers for marinas. Marina operators express concern about the lack of

                   standard fittings on holding tanks; this lack of standardization can be over-
                   come with a hard-rubber, tapored male fitting on the end of the suction hose.

                   The universal nozzle eliminates the risk of spillage while the pumpout station
                   is in operation.

                                                                                           FIGURE 9

                                                              Sample Data for Planning a Sewage Pumpout Station

                                                                 SUCTION PERFORMANCE -The Pump-A-Head will lift fluid a
                                                                 maximum height of 25 feet, providing there are no air leaks in the
                                                                 suction system. The time necessary to draw the fluid from the hold-
                                                                 ing tank to the pump will increase as suction height increases.

                                                                                                     AZ       dx.   I
                                                                     Height
                                                                                                   oft I

                                                                 Note: The height-distance  table is correct for most types of 1 1/2
                                                                 pipe. If 2" pipe is used, multiply the distance in the table by 3.
                                                                 Discharge pipe size below 1 112 " is not recommended.

               00                                                Referring to the table, the closest listed distance is 300ft with a corresponding maximum
               0
                                         E X A M P L E           height of 40 ft. Since only 20 ft. of lift is required, the Pump-A-Head's performance is well
                                                                 within the requirements.

                                                                                                                                                            SEWER

                                                                          HEIGHT= 20'

                                                                                                                                           150,
                                                                                       30'

                          SUCTION                                                                    3'        50,
                              LIFT                                  10,

                                                                 Height       20' (net)                Distance       10 + 1      30 + 3 + 50 + 1150'           244'

                                                                                                              From:     Pump-A-Head, public information
                                                                                                                        release

                                                                                                                        Pump-A-Head is a brand name for
                                                                                                                        a sewage pumpout station. This
                                                                                                                                           150,
                                             r_1 01

                                                                                                                        information is used as an
                                                                                                                        example and does not represent
                                                                                                                        an endorsement.

                         g. Location Recommendations
                         Recommended locations for sewage pumpout facilities within the CREST

                    area are based on considerations of both the size of a marina and its

                    location. Preferred locations in a facility are on the fuel dock, using
                    explosion proof installations, or near a launching ramp, for a coin-
                    operated facility. The pumpout stations should be located as near the
                    entrance to a basin as possible, to facilitate flushing in the event of a,
                    spill.

                         Recommended Locations:

                         - West end mooring basin   in Astoria

                         - Ilwaco
                         - Skipanon River near Grant's 76 dock--perhaps a facility could be
                           cooperatively funded by all of the marinas on the river

                         - Hammond

                         - Cathlamet

                         - Chinook

                        The need for pumpout facilities is not critical at this time, but
                    plans should be made now for locating such facilities; sewer lines or

                    drainfield connections could be installed and capped so that when demand
                    for sewage pumpout does increase, installation of the service can proceed.
                    without unnecessary delay.

                    6.   Recommended Rate Structure Procedure

                         As one would expect from.the diversity in size and ownership of

                    CREST area marinas, rate structures vary, as well. Some adjust their
                    rates annually or biannually to compensate for inflation, some set their
                    rates according to the going rate used by other marinas, some adjust their
                    rates according to demand (highest during peak use season), and others
                    have different rates for commercial and recreational moorages. Due to the
                    variety of operating conditions, legal jurisdictions and policies for each
                    marina, the existing rate structure is not examined here. For up-to-date
                    information, contact t he marina of the user's choice. This section does,
                    however, examine various approaches to rate structure.
                         Because of the chronic undersupply of moorages in the estuary area,
                    existing marinas could probably raise their moorage fees yearly and still

                  fill their slips. To cover inflation costs, an increase of-10% yearly is
                  the recommended minimum, and an increase of,25%-per;.-year would not be
                  unreasonable for at least the next 3 years. There are benefits associated

                  with such a rate increase as-additional funds become.available for .
                  planning and construction of new.facilities. 41so, if the publicly operated
                  facilities raise their rates by such an amount, it increases the
                  possibility for private facilities to expand or enter into the moorage
                  supply business. New facilities not only benefit the boating public, but
                  they also reduce pressure on existing facilities. (This assumes,.that
                  adequate sites for private development exist in an economically viable
                  location.)
                       Within the CREST area, most moorage prices are.based on boat length;
                  this is because the method is easily applied. The main drawback is that
                  larger boats 'do not pay their fair share of the costs of providing
                  moorages. The longer boats require a wider turning radius and deeper
                  dredging; consequently, moorage for larger boats on a set price per foot
                  generates less income for the marina than is possible with other rate

                  structures.
                       Moorage space is the basis  of a marina's operations. All other
                  revenue producing services depend on the moorage. It is logical then, to
                  base the rate structure on the primary function of the marina, that is the
                  actual moorage area occupied by each boat. This is not a new idea, and
                  marina designers and economists have discussed and used it for years,
                  (see Chaney and Vars). Generally, each boat is charged a single rate per
                  square foot of moorage space. (Moorage space is defined, in this case,
                  as length times (x) the beam of the vessel.) So a rate for the'CREST area
                  might be $0.13636 x length x beam sq. ft. per month. Yearly rates then

                  could continue to be some number of months x the rate per month. Each
                  marina then could vary the number of months it considers to be a boating

                  year. In the CREST area, for example, seasons range from 3 months to

                  10 months (for a yearly rate). Such an approach of using moorage space

                  instead of length alone as the basis for rates not only can yield

                  increased annual income from moorages but can also shift the burden from
                  the trailerable boats to the larger boats, so that they share a more
                  equitable part of the costs of providing moorage space.

                                                       -82-

                        A sample method for calculating the appropriate rate for generating
                   identical gross income from rates based on rent per sq. ft. and $/linear
                   foot/month is presented in Table 12. Although such a method is

                   interesting, it does not adequately address either revenue maximization
                   criteria or equity questions. A variation then, is to use a different
                   rate x a different concept of moorage space to determine monthly rate.
                   Yearly rates remain a multiple of monthly rates. The new rate is the
                   long-run replacement cost of providing moorage (so many $/sq. ft.); the
                   cost of moorage space includes the area computed by multiplying length x
                   beam-as well as portions of both the dredged channel and turning area.
                   Such calculation is based on the actual space that is used and the space
                   ,that is precluded from use by other vessels; this is revenue that is

                   otherwise lost.

                        .Long-run.replacement cost is the cost per square foot to obtain
                   ownership, materials and labor for piers or walks, provide water and
                   electricity, build breakwaters or dredge. If a.marina has -material
                   donations, volunteer labor, etc., the actual cost might be low, but for
                   conceptual soundness, costs should be calculated as if the moorage had@ to
                   be built from scratch. This approach disregards modifications to rate
                   structures due to political or policy considerations and argues only from
                   a revenue maximization point of view.
                        Moorage space can be calculated by taking the maximum beam of the
                   boat moored x its length, plus area used for maneuvering (that cannot be
                   used for moorage). Each berth then shares a portion of the common channel
                   costs. Then, the rates per month are the lo4-run replacement costs/sq.
                   ft. x moorage space (sq. ft.) = the rate per month. The seasonal cost is
                   the number of months/season x the rate/month.

                        In 1975, the long-run replacement costs for moorage at Hammond, for
                   example, were conservatively estimated at $0.54/sq. ft. (Vars); they have
                   gone.up since. It is recommended the long-range Teplacement costs be
                   calculated as an alternative approach to existing rate setting procedures
                   within the CREST area; that would increase the revenues from marina
                   operations. Other recommendations for rate structures include the
                   following;
                        a. Consider extending the annual rates from a 3 or 4 month season
                   (common in the CREST area) to a 5 month season. Not only does this increase

                                                        -83-

                                                             TABLE 12

                                       Sample Format for Determining Rate/Sq. Ft. Area to
                                      Generate the Same Revenue as Rate/Ft. of Boat Length

                  Rental on Linear Foot Basis                             Rental on a Sq. Ft. Basis

                  Boat     Number              Total             Length & Beam   Area - Sq.    Rent      Rent Rate    Total
                  Length    of      Rental     $ per     Beam     (Sq. Ft. per    Ft. for       per      Per Boat      per
                  (Feet)   Boats    Rate/Mo.   Month    (feet)       Boat)        Fleet        Sq. Ft.   Per Month    Month
                    (1)     (2)      (3)         (4)     (5)          (6)           (7)         (8)         (9)        (10)

                  TOTAL                          Y                                  z

                  NOTES: Col. 6 = Col   1 x Col. 5                      Col. 9 = Col.  6 x Col. 8
                          Col. 7 = Col. 2 x Col. 6                      Col.10 = Col.  2 x Col. 9
                          Col. 8 = Y -. Z

                                                                                  From: Chaney, 1961

                  revenue from annual moorage fees, but it also allows more extensive use
                  of permanently leased berths by transients when the lessee's boat is

                  absent.

                       b. Consider a set rate per foot and per boat for all vessels under
                  20 feet in length, since smaller vessels require approximately the same
                  amount of time from marina operators.

                       c. Transient rates should be higher than the permanent  rates.
                       d. Consider an annual flat rate increase of 10-25% per year for
                  the next 3 years.
                       e. Consider modifying rates in the larger marinas by charging more
                  for the prime berths (+10%) and slightly less (-10%) for the'less
                  desirably located berths.

                                                     .-85-

                  VI. DEMAND ANALYSIS

                       This section develops information on the existing demand for moorage
                  in the CREST area and on the anticipated direction and magnitude of demand

                  growth rates for the next five years. Common external and internal
                  factors that impact moorage demand are discussed, and current waiting lists,
                  use patterns and demand for various types of moorage are examined. Through-
                  out these discussions, the viewpoints of the marina industry are incorporated

                  with current and historical data to develop predictions for future demand.

                  A.   EXTERNAL FACTORS

                       Marinas within the CREST area must be regarded as regional resources.

                  They provide moorage not only for local residents, but also, for the

                  Seattle and Portland metropolitan areas, and other residents of Oregon and

                  Washington. In addition, a substantial number of residents of California,

                  Idaho, Montana, Utah and other out-of-staters seek moorage in the Columbia

                  estuary.. Such a market area is significant for both recreational and charter

                  boat moorage demands.

                       Two natural phenomena also significantly impact aggregate moorage
                  demand in the CREST area. Fish availability is the foundation for the

                  fishing industry and much recreational boating. It contributes a seasonal

                  component to moorage demand since the fish are only available in suitable
                  locations, sizes and concentrations during certain times of their life cycle.

                  Weather also impacts demand; it affects the quality of the recreational
                  experience and actual operations on the Columbia River bar, in the boat

                  basins, and on the river itself.

                       Besides the available market population and the complex natural phenomena,
                  various legal and management schemes also impact moorage demand. Court

                  decisions on distribution of fish runs between Indian and non-Indian fisher-

                  men, changes in season lengths, license moratoriums, and the new 200 mile

                  limit all play a role in establishing the direction and the rate of growth

                  of moorage demand.

                  B.   INTERNAL FACTORS

                       Within the CREST area, location of the moorage relative to the Columbia

                  River bar is the key variable affecting moorage demand. Since the focus of their

                                                      -86-

                   activity is across the bar, neither the commercial nor the charter boats
                   prefer locating further east than Astoria.
                        Physical characteristics of the site are also significant. The
                   maximum depth at low tide, the vertical clearance, ease of access to
                   deep water, congestion in access channels, location of repair facilities,
                   canneries and other recreational o.pportunities help determine the maximum
                   size and types of moorage requested.
                        Furthermore, land ownership affects flexibility of policy and rate
                   setting. Differences in rates between the facilities seem to have little
                   impact on moorage demand when compared to the other external and

                   internal factors.

                   C.   CURRENT DEMAND

                   1.   Waiting Lists
                        Historically, waiting lists have been used as indicators of unfilled
                   demand at current prices. They are, however, only a rough indicator, due
                   to the following problems. Within the CREST area, no deposit or "earnest"
                   money isrequired with waiting list applications to determine the
                   seriousness of the request. Boaters tend to register with multiple
                   marinas to maximize their chances of obtaining moorage. Over time, boat
                   ownership and boating patterns change, and this further undermines the
                   validity of waiting list data.
                        In August 1977, marinas within the CREST area had a total of 1635
                   requests for permanent moorage. This includes both written and verbal
                   applications. Some of these requests date as far back as the late -1960's.
                   As a result, most.marinas do not even accept waiting list applications
                   anymore and make a point of explaining the situation to potential
                   applicants. Consequently, there is a noticeable trend now for
                   applicants to seek only permanent moorage, instead of seasonal or monthly;
                   also, the@annual turnover rate in leases drops as space becomes more
                   difficult to obtain.

                        Due to the problems identified in the preceding paragraphs, a more
                   realistic but conservative estimate of unfilled demand for permanent
                   moorage at current prices is 800-900 moorages. This is an aggregate
                   total and includes commercial., charter and recreational vessels, with
                   the recreational.vessels moorage.requests representing over 90% of the,

                   requests.

                                                       -87-

                         The usefulness of waiting lists would be greatly enhanced by the
                    requirement that a reasonable deposit be filed with an application for
                    any waiting list. The procedures for this and a description of a case
                    history of a Puget Sound Marina near Tacoma are presented in the section
                    dealing with forms and operating procedures (see Section III-E).
                         The significance of the waiting list data is enhanced by a
                    comparison with the expansion plans of existing facilities. For        the
                    CREST area, the expansion plans total:
                                   Short range (1-2 years)         80-145 berths
                                   Medium range (2-3 years)           173
                                   Long range (3-5 years)             630

                                             Maximum Total            948 berths

                    If all of these planned berths were built during the next two years, the
                    current unfilled demand would be substantially addressed. However, the
                    new moorage demands each year would not be addressed. Consequently, the
                    current undersupply of moorages is expected to persist for the next five
                    years, unless extensive additional new marina facilities are developed.

                    2.   Current Use Patterns

                         Current use of moorage facilities within the CREST area varies
                    dramatically between the summer and winter seasons. During the summer,
                    facilities operate at 100% capacity. In fact, when gillnet season
                    overlaps weekend users, facilities are strained to over-capacity.
                    During the summer of 1977, the estimated capacity of 2699 moorages        split
                    in the following manner:

                                         Commercial               888

                                         Charter                  407

                                         Recreation               1323

                                         Sailboats            +     27
                                         Unleased capacity       2645
                                         at Port Warren and +       54
                                         Skipanon Charters
                                             TOTAL CAPACITY      2699

                         In recent years, there is a definite trend toward requesting leases
                    for permanent moorage, as opposed to seasonal or monthly periods. As a
                    result, marina operators must shift the transients around into the

                   temporarily vacated permanent commercial and recreational berths.
                        Winter demand for moorage has a completely different magnitude And
                   mix. Total moorage use drops to 20-50% of capacity, and the balance of
                   the fleet shifts to the larger commercial vessels. Vessels cluster in
                   the marinas for improved security, and demand for recreational and
                   charter moorage drops to minimum levels (mostly just for non-trailerable
                   size vessels, i.e. greater than 28 feet). Since the existing supply of
                   moorages greatly exceeds winter use patterns, the minimal growth in
                   demand for winter moorage presents no problems for existing marina
                   operators. One special case is in the Hammond Boat Basin.. Due to the
                   increased protection provided by the new breakwater, Hammond may expect
                   higher winter moorage demand for the larger recreation and charter boats
                   than the historical use patterns. This growth is estimated to be in the
                   range of a 2-5% increase over present levels for the next 5 years; it
                   can be easily handled by existing capacity.

                   D.   DISAGGREGATED FUTURE MOORAGE DEMAND

                        This section will discuss the direction and magnitudes for growth in
                   moorage demand, and trends in boat length for charter boats; commercial
                   vessels with gillnetters as a separate category. Various external and
                   internal factors previously discussed will be mentioned if they have
                   special significant impact.

                   1. Future Demand for Charter Boat Moorage
                        According to the supply inventory, almost 75% of the charter boat
                   operations in the CREST area are based at the Port of Ilwaco. The
                   remaining 25% is scattered among Hammond, Skipanon Charters in Warrenton,
                   West End Mooring Basin in Astoria, and Warrenton Deep Sea Charters. The
                   activity principally utilizes permanent moorage. In 1977, a moratorium
                   on charter boat licenses went into effect in Washington.. It is unclear
                   how long this.will last, but for a time, any growth in moorage requests
                   will.have to be handled on the Oregon side of the river. Waiting lists
                   do not indicate any charter boat moorage requests at this time. Moorage
                   operator opinion is that the charter industry is adequately developed and
                   a minimal growth in the number of new charter boats is expected because
                   there is some unused capacity. However, some of the smaller six-passenger
                   vessels are being replaced by larger capacity vessels. As a result,

                                                      -89-

                   there are a few requests for larger charter boat berths. This shift to
                   longer vessels is adding to the demand for the existing supply of large
                   berths within the CREST area.
                        During the winter, the charter boats may sit idle; the smaller ones
                   may get hauled out or the larger ones (30'-60') may shift to commercial
                   fishing during the winter months. Winter moorage for charter boats is
                   adequate for the next five years.
                        In summary, demand for charter boat moorage in the next 5 years is
                   as shown on Table 13.

                                                 TABLE 13

                               Summary for Moorage Demands for Charter Boats*

                                    Summer                           Winter

                             Permanent     Transient          Permanent     Transient

                               5%           None                 2%           None

                             Growth concentrated on the Oregon side of the river,
                             especially at Hammond's planned float 'Y' and Warrenton's
                             new city basin.

                   Key Factors
                        Current idle capacity, the Washington license moratorium (1977),
                   high dependence on fish availability and weather, preference for locations
                   near the bar and facilities with ample parking.

                   Note: In all summary tables, unless otherwise noted, the percentage
                          growth rate is the growth of new moorage requests over the next
                          5 years as a percentage of the existing pattern of use by the

                          CREST fleet.

                                                      -90-

                     2.   Demand for Commercial Moorages (gillnet excluded)
                          In 1974, Washington declared a moratorium on commercial licenses, so
                     the number has remained steady since then and is not expected to grow
                     until the moratorium is removed. The legislature is considering
                     implementing a state registration system; at this time the U.S. Coast
                     Guard executes the registration. In 1976, Washington had 7301 commercial
                     registrations:
                                     4603       Commercial fishing

                                      781       Commercial other

                                      159       Commercial passengers

                                      418       Dealers

                                     1257       Livery (rentable)

                                 +     83       Manufacturers

                                     7301       TOTAL               From: U.S.C.G. C.G.357, Boating
                                                                           Statistics

                     As reflected in Table 14, Oregon's commercial licenses have been
                     remarkably steady until 1977. That year various state agencies started
                     discussing a license moratorium on commercial licenses for Oregon and
                     limited entry management schemes which spurred registration in order to
                     get under any forthcoming deadline. A minimal part of this growth -may be
                     attributed to the 200 mile extended jurisdiction (see later discussion).

                                                     TABLE 14.

                                             Oregon Commercial Licenses

                       1969    1970   1971    1972    1973   1974    1975   1976    19771

                       5663    5584   6428    5989    6668   5556    5540   5590 *6812

                     Note: as of 1974 Oregon shifted to a combined commercial license that
                           included gillnet boats.
                       As of May 24, 1977, total represents estimated 97% of commercial license
                       sales.

                                                                   From: ODF & W, cited in Draft
                                                                          EIS for Salmon, ref. 12

                                                            -91-

                       In recent years, a modest increase in the number of shrimpers has
                  occurred, but this growth has stabilized. According to Mr. Bob  Hudson of
                  the All Coast Fisherman's Marketing Association, the Oregon commercial
                  fleet is adequately capitalized at present and for the next 5,years except
                  for the bottom fishing vessels (personal comm.). Increased'interests in

                  hake, for example, will make use of fishing vessels in the 80-100 foot

                  range. Most of this development is focused on the southern part of Oregon
                  and outside the CREST area. A key here is the relative price for the
                  different bottom fish. If the prices increase enough, U.S. fishermen will
                  be attracted to the fishery especially if more restrictions are placed on

                  harvesting other valuable species such as salmon.

                       To harvest all the quotas on the West Coast N.M.F.S. has estimated

                  that 400 new boats are needed (at a cost of.about $1 billion). Because of

                  the varying price situation, time lags on construction and location of the
                  fish, negligible growth is expected in permanent commercial moorage requests
                  within the CREST area until current capacity is fully used. Boats may

                  switch fisheries, however, and a slight increase in commercial transients

                  may develop.

                       Like the charter boats, both permanent and transient commercial vessels

                  are tending to be longer with deeper drafts. This presents obvious
                  problems to existing marinas due to the shortage of berths that can

                  adequately handle this size vessel. Another indication of the demand is

                  that nearly all of Warrenton's new commercial moorage for larger vessels has
                  already been spoken for even before construction has begun. (See Table 15.)

                                               TABLE 15

                        Summary for Growth Rate for Commercial Moorage Demands

                                  Summer                           Winter

                           Permanent     Transient          Permanent     Transient

                             .43%            2%               4 1%            1%

                                                     -92-

                   Key Factors
                        Trend towards longer boats, existing shortage for deeper draft
                   berths, more likely conversion of existing vessels, time lag in
                   construction of new bottom fishing vessels.
                        Theability of American fishermen to increase their bottom fishing
                   capabilities depends on available investment capital, economic incentives,
                   technological developments, markets and.labor. Because it is less expensive
                   to convert existing vessels than to build new ones, conversion is more
                   likely.to occur, due to the significant cost differentials. For example,
                   a new 100-110 foot trawling vessel, fully outfitted with efficient
                   trawling gear and the latest equipment may cost from $1.25 million to
                   $1..5 million. Atthe same time, fishermen have estimated that equipping
                   and renovating limit seiners or shrimp and crab vessels for bottom fishing
                   trawling is $25,000 per vessel. Some of the larger vessels conversion costs
                   can range up to $250,000, depending on the nature of1the renovation (hull
                   extensions) and the sophistication of gear and electronic equipment

                   installed (Jones, J. G. "Alaska Seas and Coasts", 1977).

                   3. Gillnet Moorage Demand
                        Demand for moorage for this special type of commercial vessel is
                   perhaps the most vulnerable to fishery management schemes. Due to short
                   seasons, minimal permanent moorage demand exists within the CREST area,
                   except at the East End Mooring Basin in Astoria. Most gillnetters pull
                   their boats, use private moorage up numerous sloughs and tributaries, or
                   have combination gear boats such as gillnet-trollers and are included in
                   the commercial category demand section. With current registration
                   procedures, it is difficult to isolate gillnet registrations for Oregon.
                   With the moratorium on commercial licenses in effect in Washington since
                   1974, and with current overcrowding during the reduced seasons (which
                   reduces the catch per unit effort for each boat), the.possibility of
                   limited entry on this fishery is very real for the near future.
                        Neither the permanent or transient demand for gillnet moorage is
                   expected to grow. In fact, the percentage of the fleet is expected to

                                                        -93-

                  drop slightly. However the gillnet seasons are such that certain
                  marinas such as the West End Mooring Basin, and to a lessor extent
                  Chinook and Ilwaco, will have significant periods of transient gillnet
                  moorage requests. The problems arise when these requests overlap peak
                  recreational demand periods. Only so many gillnet vessels can take over
                  temporarily vacated commercial permanent moorage. Hence, the length
                  distribution patterns (see section V-B-4) for gillnet boats need to be
                  considered in the transient moorage berth length distribUtion for slip
                  planning.  In addition, provision for even more temporary facilities needs
                  to be made. Such facilities might include tie-up pilings in sheltered
                  areas; the facilities might be without services, but they need to be
                  identified and established to handle overflow moorage requests during the

                  summer. Table 16 summarizes future gillnet moorage demand, and Table
                  17 reports the number of Columbia River gillnet licenses issued by
                  Oregon and Washington during the period 1938-1974.

                                               TABLE 16

                               Summary for Future Gillnet Moorage Demands
                                          (5 year growth rate)

                                    Summer                          Winter

                           Permanent     Transient           Permanent     Transient

                               0%             0%                 0%          None

                           0% growth rate means level of moorage requests will

                           remain at current levels.

                 Key Factors
                      Impact of limited entry and other management schemes, transient demand
                 will continue to impact certain marinas significantly during gillnet

                 seasons.

                                                      -94-

                                                      TABLE 17

                              Numbers of Columbia River Gillnet Licenses Issued
                                                      1938-1974

                       Year                 Oregon              Washington              Combined

                       1938                  713                   478                    1,191
                       1939                  680                   473                    1,153
                       1940                  667                   441                    1,108
                       1941                  629                   389                    1,018
                       1942                  568                   371                      939
                       1943                  542                   389                      931
                       1944                  508                   370                      878

                       1945                  524                   392                      916
                       1946                  566                   426                      992
                       1947                  582                   416                      998
                       1948                  632                   470                    1,102
                       1949                  629                   490                    1,119
                       1950                  613                   447                    1,060
                       1951                  585                   421                    1,006
                       i952                  563                   403                      966
                       1953                  533                   386                      919
                       1954                  516                   374                      890

                       1955                  474                   338                      812
                       1956                  432                   360                      792
                       1957                  526                   292                      818
                       1958                  621                   252                      873
                       1959                  640                   229                      869

                       1960                  622                   184                      806
                       1961                  627                   164                      791
                       1962                  611                   143                      754
                       1963                  582                   158                      7.40
                       1964.                 444                   245                      689

                       1965                  446                   237                      683
                       1966                  421                   215                      636
                       1967                  570                   208                      778
                       1968                  544                   224                      768
                       1969                  416                   181                      597

                       1970                  447                   235                      682
                       1971                  647                   369                    1,016
                       1972                  547                   508                    1,055
                       1973                  541                   563                    1,104
                       1974                 (500)1/                861                   (1,361)1/

                    1/ The  Oregon and  combined values   are estimates as Oregon now     issues a
                        general commercial fishing license applicable to all types        of gear.

                                                            -95-

                  4.   Demand for Recreational Moorages (sailboats excluded)
                       Many complex factors enter into calculations to predict and understand
                  changes in recreational moorage demand. In addition to the external and
                  internal factors previously discussed, the supply constraints, relative
                  mobility, education, age and sex of the population, size of the market
                  area, disposable income, leisure time philosophies, and shifts to four-
                  day-work-weeks have impact. Rather than analyze the interrelationships
                  between these factors and assess their relative impact, this section
                  approaches the problem through observations of actual participation
                  patterns, rather than dealing with why a recreational boater requests

                  moorage.
                       While there is an increase in demand for recreational moorage, the
                  rate of increase which has historically been much faster than population.
                  growth rates. In Oregon, for example:

                            During the period 1966-1971 population in Oregon
                       increased 8% while the number of registered recreational
                       vessels increased 52%.    (Oregon State Marine Board, Boating

                       in Oregon, 1972)   More recent data reveal that the number of

                       recreational vessels per capita is stabilizing. (See Table 18.)

                       There are reasons for the slowing of the historical growth rates.
                  For example, higher fuel costs combined with inflation rates leave lower
                  per capita real disposable income and slow the growth rate and encourage

                  a shift to sailboats or boat rental for recreation. Such trends are

                  more easily detected on a state level than in the CREST area, due to the
                  high seamanship requirements for crossing the bar and lack of CREST area
                  data. Also, slower growth in population would contribute to a moorage
                  request slowdown. In Oregoni where the bulk of population growth is due
                  to migration into the state, the growth rates have been:

                            1973-74 Oregon population increased 1.85%
                            1975-76 Oregon population increased 1.86%
                                                   From: Portland State University Population
                                                         Research Center, 1977

                  One must be cautious in drawing conclusions, however, as it is the highly
                  urbanized areas of the state that grow faster than the state and also tend

                                                      -96-

                                                       TABLE 18

                                           Oregon Recreation Registration

                                                      1966         1971       1976        1977
                     Number of registrations
                     for recreational              58,871        89,740    115,880     118,485
                     vessels

                     Recreation boats per            .0298        .0422.    .04948      .04947
                     capita

                                                                  From: Oregon State Marine Board

                                      Washington Recreation Boat Registration

                          1972 - 89,000 out of total State registrations of 96,248

                          1974 - 125,000 out of total State registrations of 132,188

                          1976 - 138,266 out of total State registrations of 145,618

                                                                 From: U.S.C.G., Boating Statistics
                                                                       C.G. 357

                                                            -97-

                  to export more of their boaters to the recreational areas on the Coast
                  including the CREST area. In 1972 for example, 70% of boating activity
                  in Clatsop County (Oregon     portion of CREST area) came from boats
                  registered elsewhere in the state (1972, Oregon State Marine Board,
                  Pleasure Boating in Oregon, 1972).
                       Another factor contributing to the slowdown of the growth rate for
                  recreational moorage demands is the negative experience that recreational
                  boaters have been experiencing related to overcrowded     facilities and
                  congested waterways. Also, restroom facilities and showers are often
                  inadequate to meet the   seasonal demand.
                       A key to participation data for recreational moorage is the time of
                  the year. Within the Oregon portion of the CREST area, nearly 70% of the
                  recreational boating occurs during the period from late May to mid-
                  September. During the winter, recreational moorage drops to 10-50% of
                  peak summer demand. Each year, in fact, peak demand is invariably
                  linked to the Labor Day weekend and the fall salmon run.
                       An additionalindicator of the use by fishermen of the Washington

                  portion of the CREST area is as follows:

                                               Ilwaco (Region 1)

                                                 1973             1974             1975.
                  Number of angler
                    trips                      165,044          167,172          202,795

                  Peak season
                    (> 10,000/week)          Aug-Sept 15     Aug-Sept 15      July 20-Sept 20

                  Peak week                   Sept 1-7         Sept 2-8         Sept 7-13

                                                            From: Washington  Department of
                                                                  Fisheries, Washington
                                                                  State Sport@s Catch Reports,
                                                                  1973-75

                                                       _98-

                          Another indicator of changes over time is the shift in recreational
                     boat sizes in the State of Oregon.

                                                            1972           1975

                                         e- 16'              70%           59.4%

                                         16-19'              23%           32.3%

                                         20-23'               3%             5.2%
                                        24' or  greater       3%            3%

                          Such data is only a guideline for general boat length trends, since
                     Clatsop County has historically had a substantially higher percentage of
                     boats greater than 24 feet in length than the rest of the state. No
                     similar data for Washington was obtained.

                                                       TABLE-19

                                             Summary for Recreation Demand

                                         Summer                             Winter

                                Permanent      Transient            Permanent       Transient

                              6-7% per year      2-3%                    2%            0%
                                                                    Mostly non-trailerable sizes
                                                                       28 feet) use protected basins,
                                                                    current capacity is okay.

                     5.   Future Demand for Sailboat Moorages
                          According to data collected by the Oregon State Marine Board, sail-
                     boat registrations in Oregon have been increasing significantly each
                     year. (No similar data for Washington exists at this time, so a similar
                     pattern of growth in sailboat registrations is assumed for the Washington
                     residents who use the Columbia River moorages.)

                        The Oregon data is aggregated and not broken down for sailboat use
                  in Clatsop County. Nevertheless, certain trends in registration and
                  sailboat length on the state level are judged by members of the marina
                  industry to yield representative patterns for sailboat users in the
                  CREST area, regardless of state or county of registration.
                        First, a length of 17 feet minimum was chosen for a sailboat to
                  operate in the lower river, and a minimum of 20 feet is assumed if the
                  sailboat is to cross the bar. Even then, a sailboat must usually power
                  across the bar with auxillary engine to avoid capsizing. If the table
                  in section V-B-4 on Oregon sailboat registrations and length distribution
                  is examined, various trends emerge. First, the number of sailboats is
                  growing and represents a slowly growing percentage of total
                  recreational vessel registration.

                        1975    1.2% of total recreational registrations in Oregon

                        1976    1.33%

                        1977    1.425%

                                                              From: Oregon State Marine Board

                  Second, while absolute numbers are increasing, the lengths of these

                  sailboats are also increasing:

                                Percent of all Sailboats over 16 Feet in Length

                                             1973            1976           1977

                        17-24 feet           72.8%           69.2%          67.6%

                        25-32 feet          .20.7%           25.2%          27%

                  Note the shift between 1973 for 17-24 (72.8%) to 1977 (67.6%) of total
                  and for 25-32 feet; the 1973 total was 20.7%, while in 1977 this range
                  of lengths had 27% of the total of all registered sailboats in Oregon

                  over 16 feet.

                        These trends of increasing numbers of registrations and shifts to longer
                  sailboats need to be considered when planning moorages. 'However, since
                  the sailboat use within the CREST area occurs only during the period

                                                         -100-

                      from May to October, no component for sailboats is developed for the foul

                      weather winter period.
                           During the summer of 1977, permanent moorage requests by sailboats
                      was only one percent of the estimated 2,700 permanent capacity. Such
                      minimal demand for permanent moorage by sailboats is expected to prevail
                      for the next five years and can be attributed to recreational use
                      patterns and the fact that the Columbia River mouth area has strong
                      currents and winds that require high seamanship skills. Unless the sail-
                      boats are motor assisted, they cannot safely navigate long, narrow
                      congested channels (Ilwaco) or rivers (Skipanon). The best estuary areas
                      for sailing seem to be upriver of Tongue Point, in the various bays, and

                      between the bar and the Hammond Boat Basin. The area between Hammond

                      and Astoria becomes quite congested.during the summer and poses safety
                      problems for sailboats.
                           Due to recreation patterns however, there will continue to be high
                      seasonal demand for transient sailboat moorage. Elochoman Slough Marina
                      in Cathlamet and the West End Mooring Basin in Astoria will continue to
                      be convenient ports foi sailboat races such as the 1977 Six-Pac race,
                      where approximately 70 sailboats sailed down the Coli@mbia from Portland.
                      Such infrequent races do not justify extensive permanent sailboat
                      moorage; however, it does mean that planning for restroom facilities,
                      showers, sizes of transient slips and location of such slips within the
                      marina is important to meet the seasonal transient demand for sailboat

                      moorage.

                           The recommended way to handle this demand is to  have more transient
                      moorage located near the main sailing areas and away  from congested access
                      channels. Then, that moorage could also be used for  other recreational
                      transients, gillnetters, and small commercial vessels when the sailboats
                      are not around. Similarly, more permanent shower installations and
                      temporary restroom facilities could be set up to handle the temporary

                      excess demand.

                                                          _101-

                                                   TABLE 20

                                    Summary for Sailboat Moorage Demand

                                    'Summer                             Winter

                              Permanent      Transient          Permanent      Transient

                                 4 1%      Highly variable           0%            0%

                        The other special consideration besides hot showers is the problem

                   with vertical clearance for the sailboat masts. At this time none of

                   the permanent facilities with the CREST area have a problem, but
                   certainly any new facility must consider vertical restrictions to sail-
                   boat uses. A recommended minimum vertical clearance for sailboat moorage

                   is 50 feet for sailboats and small trollers.

                   6.   Summary for Future Demand for Moorages
                        Overall, it is predicted that permanent moorage demands will increase
                   6-7% per year for the next 5 years. The largest proportion of this
                   growth will be for recreational moorage, mostly in the range of 19-28
                   feet. "The charter boats and commercial vessels are tending to be longer
                   and deeper and will continue to strain the limited supply of deep draft
                   moorage open to the public. The existing undersupply is predicted to
                   continue for the next 5 years.    This means increased pressure on the
                   ramps with prime location from trailerable boats; it also.suggests the
                   possibility for yearly rate increases.

                                                        -102-

                                                Selected Bibliography

                     1.   Chaney, C.A., Marinas: Recommendations for Design, Construction, and
                                Maintenance, National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers,
                                N.Y., 1961.

                     2.   CREST, The Columbia River Estuary Study Taskforce Regional Policies,
                                Astoria, 1977.

                     3.   Department of Transportation, U.S.C.G. Boating Statistics CG-357 for
                                1975, 1976., Washington, D.C., 1976, 1977.

                     4.   Fox,  R.J., Hammond Park and Recreation Report 1976, Ham-Mond Park and
                                Recreation Commission, Hammond, 1976.

                                article in the above text:
                                Vars, R.C., Jr., "Preliminary Study - Hammond Moorage Rate
                                  Structure", (unpublished).
                     5.   Hudson, Bob, All Coast Fisherman's Marketing Association, Personal

                                Communication.

                     6.   Isard, W. and others, Ecologic-economic Analysis for Regional
                                Development, Free Press, N.Y., 1972.

                     7.   Jones, W., "Emerging Bottom Fisheries - Potential Effects" in
                                Alaska Seas and Coasts, Vol. V, #2, April 1977. University of

                                Alaska Sea Grant.

                     8.   McManus, J., Permanent Moorages and Temporary Tie-Up Facilities in
                                the Portland/Vancouver Metropolitan Area: Meeting the Needs of
                                Larger Recreational Boat, Oregon State Marine Board, N.W. Marina
                                Trade Association., Port of Vancouver, Vancouver, 1977.

                     9.   Montagne-Bierly Associates, Inc., Waterway Development Handbook,
                                Oregon Department of Economic Development, 1977.

                     10. Oregon State Marine Board, Pleasure Boating in Oregon, 197@, Bureau
                                of Governmental Research and Service, University of Oregon,

                                1972.

                     11. Oregon State Marine Board, Pleasure Boating in Oregon, 1975, Dept.
                                of Geography, Oregon State University, 1976.

                  12. Pacific Fishery Management Council, Draft.Fishing Management Plan
                            and Environmental Impact Statement for Commercial and
                            Recreational Salmon Fisheries off the Coasts of Washington,
                            Oregon, and California Commencing in 1978, Portland., 1977.
                  13. Slotta, L. S. and Tang, S.S., Chetco River Tidal Hyd@odyn.amics and
                            Associated Marina Flushing, Ocean Engineering Program,
                            Corvallis, 1976.

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