synopsis the land use plan for Pine Knoll Shores, N.C

[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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THE LAND USE PLAN FOR PINE KNOLL SHORES, NORTH CAROLINA

MARCH 1976

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

H. Kenneth Haller, Mayor

James W. Ramsey, Mayor Pro Tem

Arthur F. Browne

H. W. McBride

L. Hayes McCulley

Mary Catherine Smith

PLANNING BOARD

Larry Jerome, Chairman

Dean Brossman

Robert Ames

Wayne Cleveland

John Collier

Frank Johnson

Lerae Kesel

William MacDonald

Paul Foster, A.I.P., Advisor

The preparation of this Plan was financially assisted by
Grants from the State of North Carolina, the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Coastal
Plains Regional Commission.

CON ENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 3

II. IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES AND PROBLE.MS 4

III. THE SURVEY 5

IV. SUBJECTIVE OPINIONS 6

Good Points of Pine Knoll Shores 6
Dislikes 7
Town's Needs 7
Zoning Ordinance 7

V. MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS 7

Type of Community Wanted 7
Future Growth Desires 7
Present Development and Zoning 7
Additional Community Services 8
Commercial Development 9
Specific Wants for Shopping 9
Salter Path Road and a Third Bridge 10
House Completion Dates and Lot Purchase 10
Residence Plans 11
Occupancy 11
Age Distribution 11
Income, Employment and Cost of Living 14

TABLE 1975 SURVEY OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OWNERS 12-13

VI. COMMERCIAL LAND OWNERS' SURVEY 14

VII. EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS 15

General Setting 15
Residential Development 15

CONTENTS (continued)
Page

Open Space and Recreation Areas 16
Resort Commercial Development 16
Other Commercial 18
Industry and Manufacturing n 18
Land Use Graphics 18
Ground and Surface Water Pollution 19
Land Classification 19
Soil Capability 19
Present Land Use Regulations 20

VIII. THE LAND USE PLAN 21

Public Participation 21
Long Range Goals 21-26
Notes on Goais 26
Population end Economy 26
Additional public Services 27
Allocation pf Future Land Use 27

IX. DESIGNATION OF AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCERN 28

Backgroun .28
Totality oK the Problem 28
Coastal We tland 28
Natural Resource Area 28
Primary Dune System and Ocean Beach 29
Flood Plain 29
Climax Maritimi Forests (Complex Natural
Areas) 29

X. FOLLOW UP AND COoRD ION 30
Implementation\of th Plan 30
Review and Revx io '..: 30
Coordination with Ch rteret County Planning 30
Official-Status\ 30
\. )

THE LAND USE PLAN FOR PINE KNOLL SHORES, N.C.

I. INTRODUCTION

Bogue Island, on which Pine Knoll Shores is located, is
one of the Outer Banks between the mainland of North Caro-
lina and the Atlantic Ocean. Until fifty years ago, only
a few widely scattered individuals lived on the Island
making their way by taking fish from the sound and the
ocean. These early settlers accommodated themselves to
the dynamic natural forces affecting the Banks, building
their modest homes in the protection of dunes and forests
that abounded on the Island.

In their secure location, these early residents were
little affected by the Island's slow movement toward the
mainland, the overwash and flooding of low areas, the
migration of inlets and the wind movement of the sand;
the forces that are continuously changing the shape of
the Island.

In the early part of this century, some small pavillions
and a hotel were built on the east portion of the Island.
During the "Boom" of the 1920's, a bridge was constructed
across the wide sound to the mainland. A few cottages
followed. These early developers did not move dunes or
vegetation unnecessarily. In some cases because they
respected the forces of nature affecting a barrier island,
but mainly because the mule and dragpan system then used
to move sand was-very tedious. The bulldozer and power
dredge had not yet arrived on the scene.

'Modern" development came to the Island following its
"discovery" after World War II. Bulldozers and dredges
were brought in to level large dunes, clear ancient mari-
time forests and fill in productive marshes in the manner
of Florida development.

Alice Hoffman, a member of the "Teddy" Roosevelt family,
owned most of Bogue Island between Atlantic Beach and
Salter Path including all of what is now Pine Knoll Shores.
She was considered an eccentric person. She even held back
her land from development. Many of her so-called eccen-
tricities would now be considered sound environmental
protection.

In 1955, Alice Hoffman died, Her land went to the

Roosevelt heirs who began to develop it soon afterwards.
Using the firm of Stone & Webstert they undertook the
development of the area - primarily that section lying
between the Iron Steamer Pier and the Moreh~ad Ocean Pier.
They laid out streets, dug the Waterway that now runs
through the Town, dredged the Channel that parallels the
north coast of the Island from one mouth of the Waterway
to the other., created park areas and constructed boating
facilities. During this period of development and sale
of lots, two home owners associations assisted in re-
solving problems of general administration.

By early 1973, all of the land platted into residential
lots had been sold and the Roosevelt interests were ready,
to surrender control of the associations to their members.
This meant turning over matters of security, street main-
tenance, lighting, eta,, to the residents. To fill the
vacuum that would thus ensue, a committee of citizens was
formed to investigate and make recommendations with respect
to the possibility and practicability of incorporating as
a town. In considering its boundaries, the golf course
presented an obvious terminus for the eastern end of the
town. As for the other boundary, the Roosevelts had pre-
viously presented to the State of North Carolina a large
tract to the west of the developed area, and they expressed
their willingness to have their remaining undeveloped
property lying to the west also included in the proposed
town.

The efforts of the Citizens Committee resulted in the
passage by the North Carolina Legislature of an Act in-
corporating the town as a municipal corporation, subject
only to a local referendum. That referendum showed a
large preponderance of residents in favor of incorporation
and the Town of Pine Knoll Shores was born August 1, 1973.

II. IDENTIFICATION OF ISSUES AND PROBLEMS'

The rapid and unplanned development of our country's
coastal areas has, in many cases, caused an alarming de-
gradation of the environment of these fragile zones. Con-
cern over this prompted the ICongress of the United States
,tb pass legislation in 19721 to assist the States in pro-
viding for better planning and management of coastal areas,
The 1974 session of the North Carolina Legislature passed
the "Coastal Area Management Act" to provide State
1 The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972

assistance to match federal aid. Under this arrangement,
$7,000 was made available to Pine Knoll Shores to develop
a land use plan. On April 29, 1975, the N.C. Department
of Natural and Economic Resources, the Town of Pine Knoll
Shores, and a planning consultant, Paul Foster, A.I.P.,
entered into an agreement to do this work.

III. TTHE SURVEY

The first step was to go to the people and identify in a
democratic manner what they wanted of their Town. To be
valid, any land development plan for Pine Knoll Shores should
incorporate the desires, needs and opinions of the majority
of the permanant and seasonal residents and undeveloped
residential lot owners. The Town Planning Board and the
consultant met and discussed this situation at length.
It was decided that a detailed questionaire would be
mailed to every lot owner on the Town tax rolls. During
late May and early June, 1975, a three page questionaire
was mailed to 750 persons, some of whom own more than one
lot. Usable responses were received from 410 or 55% of
the people.
The questionaire was designed so property owners could
check off multiple choices and also write in personal
observations. Tabulation was done by three categories:
(1) permanent residents; (2) seasonal residents; and (3)
undeveloped residential lot owners. Questionaires were
confidential and tabulated by the consultant at his
office in Wilmington, N.C. They were destroyed after
the tabulation.
The majority of respondents to the survey want to live
in a coastal environment with its natural beauty protected
from damage and commercialism. They want tight control
of man-made development for environmental protection
and esthetic harmony. They place a high value on privacy
and a sense of community. Most want an increase in
retail commercial and service activity but only to the
point of providing for the need of permanent and seasonal
residents. They dislike the intrusion of seasonal
transients and want tight limits on expansion of resort
commercial facilities.
The responses largely support the policies and plans of
the Town Board of Commissioners as they have evolved
during the short period since Pine Knoll Shores received
its charter. A significant majority are satisfied with

the way the local government is functioning and with its
rigid enforcement of zoning and other land development
and use regulations.

Most are willing to pay additional local taxes for.
specified additional community services.

Following is a more detailed analysis of the survey be-
ginning with a look at subjective opinions and followed
by comments on the multiple choice questions. This
analysis is arranged with responses in the order of their
importance to land use planning. A numerical tabulation
of these answers is also given in Table I.

IV.* SUBJECTIVE OPINIONS

Seven spaces were provided among the 28 questions for
respondents to write opinions. Only 19 of the owners
did not take advantage of this opportunity. 'The comments
ranged from one word to full use of the backs of all the
pages of the questionaire. This technique was used to
provide for a latitude of response that could not be
anticipated in the multiple choice type questions.

The analysis of these opinions was done by reading them
all several times and tabulating recurring statements,
ideas and themes.

Good Points of Pine Knoll Shores -The first and key
,opinion asked was: "What do you like most about Pie
Knoll Shores?" Evidently because of the nature of this
question and the fact that it gave those answering the
first chance to add ideas, this question received the
largest response.

The most frequently recurring theme in favor of Pine
Knoll Shores was the preserved natural environment of this
portion of the islands, the beauty of the trees and other
vegetation, the dunes and wild life. Rated almost as
high was the residential nature of the Town and the lack
of commercialism. Equally with this was quiet along
with privacy and isolation, low density and room. In-
terestingly, the surrounding beach, ocean and sound were
mentioned less frequently than the previous reasons; in
facts the friendly nature of the people received almost
as much mention. The existence of restrictions, pro-
tective covenants and the Zoning Ordinance were considered
a plus by many.

Dislikes - Less than a third as many people commented on
what they liked the least about the community than what they
liked the most. Obviously, this was a good indication of a
positive attitude of satisfaction with Pine Knoll Shores.
Most of the dissatisfaction expressed (about 3/4th of the
comments) was directly related to commercial type beach
activities attracting seasonal or transit tourists. Highest
on the list were the traffic, commercial development, and
litter along Salter Path Road. Thirty respondents cited
the unsightliness and congestion of the most frequently used
travel route to the mainland.
Town's Needs - Response to this narrative question was rela-
tively good with most comments on the need for a restricted
shopping area and fire protection, central sewer and better
water. Other needs mentioned were more unity among residents,
street lights, bike paths and more young people.

Zoning Ordinance - Only a relatively few (51) commented on
zoning. Forty of these wanted either stricter enforcement,
a tighter Ordinance, added environmental protectors or a
prohibition of high buildings. Less strict enforcement of
the Ordinance was wanted by 11 persons.

V. MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWERS

Type of Community Wanted - There was consistent agreement
among a significant majority (68%) of all present and
possible future residents that Pine Knoll Shores should be
a "residential and retirement family resort with commercial
development to serve the community only". No other of the
five possible alternative choices received any significant
vote with unrestricted development with tourist attractions
receiving only 1% from all three catagories of lot owners.

Future Growth Desires - It is manifestably evident that a
sizable majority of all of the people concerned want Pine
Knoll Shores to grow only moderately over the next 5, 10
and 25 years. Interestingly, the vacant lot owners were
the most vehement with 74% wanting only slight increase in
the next five years. The desires for no growth were in all
cases substantially stronger than those for a great increase.
The general concensus seemed to be for slow growth with a
topping out in 25 years. In speaking of population growth,
the consultant has assumed that respondents were speaking of
new projects beyond land already subdivided and sold for
residential development.
Present Development and Zoning - Permanent and seasonal res-
idents (6&Oo and 690/o) seemed quite satisfied with the way the

Town is developing. 72% of the undeveloped lot owners also
were satisfied with another 16% saying that they were unde-
cided and only 12% expressing dissatisfaction.

Both types of residents were equally pleased (84%) with the
Zoning Ordinance. Half of the vacant lot owners expressed
satisfaction with 39% saying "don't know" and 11% against
it.

Additional Community Services - Pine Knoll Shores started
out as a residential subdivision of land. Now with homes
on a fourth of the lots and some amenities, it is well on
its way to becoming a viable residential community.

A good majority (57%) of all the respondents were willing
to pay additional taxes for additional community services.
Within the three groups, this willingness was highest (70P/0)
among the permanent residents. It decreased to 57% with
those owning seasonal homes and to 51% with vacant lot own-
ers. In the last two groups, there were 39% and 412% against
additional taxes with 4% and 7% answering "don't know".

The people, overall, gave the highest priority to improved
fire protection. A bit down in second place was the desire
for more police protection. Somewhat below this was about
equal concern for municipal garbage collection and a central
sewage system. There was also some evidence of dissatis-
faction with the existing water supply.

There were interesting differences in priority'assignments
by groups. The permanent and seasonal residents agreed
that additional fire protection was the most important.
However, vacant residential lot owners gave their highest
priority to police protection. Seasonal home owners gave
police protection number two priority. This may have come
from the fact that their unoccupied homes are more suscep-
tible to robberies.

The undeveloped lot owners voted a tie between central
sewage and fire protection for second priority with munici-
pal garbage and better water both coming in third. Amid
these preferences and including their first choice, there
was only a small point spread.

Year-round residents gave municipal garbage collection and
central sewage about equal place for second priority with
garbage having a slight edge. The need for better police
protection and better water was close for third priority
with about a 10% lead for security.

Not much interest from any group was expressed in the other
items available for choice: beach life guard; beach patrol;

or youth club and activities.

On an average, about 3/4th (74%) of the people were against
the Town providing public parking areas, boat ramps or
beach acess. This response may have been conditioned by
the fact that the two home owners associations already pro-
vide these facilities for their members.

Commercial Development - There was practically universal
agreement (99%) that Pine Knoll Shores should not have any
mobile homes. Sizable majorities (79% and 70%) wanted no
more fishing piers or apartments. Smaller majorities (56%
and 54%) were against marinas and condominiums. On the
positive side, a slight majority (.1%) wanted to see some
additional commercial with 46% against any more. Only a
fractional 3% favored unlimited commercial development.

Permanent and seasonal residents were more in favor of a
few more commercial establishments (59% and 53%). Year-
rounders were the only group to want a few more condominiums
(61%). A majority of the seasonal residents (58%) ex-
pressed a desire for a marina.
Specific Wants for Shopping - The responses made it apparent
that there was a desire and need for a shopping area of
limited scope in Pine Knoll Shores. Desires were that it
should be carefully controlled in both design and size,

Generally speaking, there was a strong desire in favor of a
store selling food. The desire for a drug store, for all
intents and purposes, was practically as strong. However,
a drug store received its highest score (44%) in the second
choice block while a food store received 82% of its points
in the first choice block.
A post office and bank tied for third place with both get-
ting most of their points (51% for post office and 39% for
bank) in the first and then third choice blocks.
A gasoline station and a professional building ran up an
equal number of points for thenext priority of wants with
first and fifth place taking 37% and 43% of the points
respectively. I
A hardware and ABC store came next with only 104 points
difference, but with only a half of the point total as the
first choices. 50% of the points given an ABC store were
from being first and fifth choice while most of hardware's
points came as fifth choice.
The other five choices received only an insignificant 20%
of the total points allotted by the people.

An overwhelming 94% of those who answered the questionaire
wanted the Town to have control of the architecture of the
Bridge Road business area.

Salter Path Road and a Third Bridge - There was a large
majority of permanent residents (b6%) against four-laning
Salter Path Road. Only slightly less inclined-were the
seasonal residents (63%) and the undeveloped lot owners
(58%). However, a clear majority definitely wanted im-
provement of the pavement quality and shoulders of the
present two-lane road.

Of all the respondents, 78% did not want the proposed
third bridge across Bogue Sound to come into Pine Knoll
Shores. 36% of the permanent residents and 50%/o of both
seasonal residents and vacant lot owners suggested a lo-
cation west of Pine Knoll Shores. 3% of the answerers
wanted no third bridge.

House Completion Dates and Lot Purchase - Residential
construction did not begin in volume in Pine Knoll Shores
until 1970. Only 17% of the dwellings were built before
that time. Over half (59%) of all houses covered by this
survey were built in the three year period of 1972 through
1974. The Town's building permits records indicate this
volume of construction continues with single family de-
tached housing starts for 1975 up 24% over 1974.

Detached single family homes generally range in value
from $30,000 to $60,000. However, there are a few homes
valued as little as $10,000 and some an high as $150,000.
The condominium units are in the $30,000 to $45,000 bracket.

Of the 1038 subdivided residential lots in Pine Knoll
Shores, only 252 had houses on them at the time of the
survey. Obviously, knowledge of the wishes and plans of
the undeveloped lot owners is a vital ingredient for pre-
paring a proper land use plan. Surprisingly, 74% of the
lot owners who responded gave the future construction of
a home as the primary reason for buying a lot. This is
surprising because th6se purchases were made at a time
when most lot purchasers nationwide were buying lots as an
investment of excess income. A minority of the undeveloped
lot owners are investors who own more than one lot. Many
of these lots are presently being advertised for resale.

Most of the lot owners (39%) bought with the idea of
building a retirement home. Another 22% said that they
planned to move to Pine Knoll Shores as permanent resi-
dents. Only 13% said that they planned to build a

seasonal or vacation house.

182 (81%) respondents plan to build on their lots. 27 of
these said between now and 1980; 31 from 1980 to 1985; 19
after 1985; and 105 didn't know when. Using responses and
Town records as a basis, it would be reasonable to assume
that the actual housing construction that takes place in
the presently subdivided land will continue at the high
rate achieved in the 1972 through 1975 period.

Over half (53%) of the small minority of vacant lot
owners who presently have no building plans said they
will hold their lots. 39% said that they will sell while
8% were undecided what to do with their lots.

The survey indicated that the undeveloped lot owners who
responded are most generally a stable group of property
owners With only a few speculators in real estate among
them. ConsequentlyL, their opinions and desires should
receive consideration in the formulation of the land use
plan.
!
Residence Plans - Among the seasonal home and vacant lot
owners, 65% plan to eventually live in Pine Knoll Shores.
1I% said that they might and the remaining 22% said they
would not. A higher percentage of seasonal home owners
(291o) said that they would not than undeveloped lot
owners (18%). The largest number(59respondents) plan
to make the move between now and 1979. Another 53 plan
to move to Pine Knoll Shores between 1980 and 1984.

Occupancy - 62% of the year-round homes have only two
occupants and 34% have more. 4% of the permanent res-
idents live alone.

Age Distribution - The majority in all catagories
of Pine Knoll Shores' property owners are older people. 64%
of the total replying were over fifty years of age. This
goes even higher among the permanent residents with 77%
being over fifty. In fact, 60% of this group were over
sixty. There is more evidence of youth among the undeveloped
lot owners with only 56% being over fifty and only 18%
being over sixty.

The largest age group among the responding permanent res-
idents was in the sixty to sixty-nine bracket which was
54% of the total. Most seasonal house and vacant lot
owners were a bit younger with the fifty to fifty-nine age
group being the largest at 39% and 38% respectively.

A STATISTICAL EXCERPT FROM THE 1975 SURVEY OF

RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OWNERS IN PINE KNOLL SHORES

750 questionaires mailed; 410 replies tabulated; 54.7%

response

Pine Knoll Shores Should Be?

68% Residential and retirement family resort with commercial

area to serve community only.

11% Same as above but with more general commercial activity

11% About equal division of condominiums, motel rooms and

single family homes

9% Retirement community only

1% Unrestricted tourist growth

Future Population Desires Ten Years Hence?

71% Increase slightly

20% Stay the same

7% Increase greatly

2% Decrease

Satisfied with the Way the Town is developing?

87% Yes

13% No

Satisfied with Zoning?

64% Yes

23% Don't know

13% No

Willing to Pay Additional Taxes for More Community Services?

60% Yes

40% 'No

(Choices in order of priority)

1) Better fire protection

2) Increased police protection

3) Municipal garbage collection

4) Central sewage system

Additional Commercial Growth? No More A Few More Unlimited

Stores, PO, Bank, ABC, etc. % 46 51 3

Condominiums % 54 43 3

Marina % 56 42 2

Apartments % 70 29 1

Fishing Piers % 79 20 1

Mobile Homes % 98.7 0.8 0.5

Should Salter Path Road be Four Laned?

62% No

38% Yes
Age Distribution of Property Owners

20-29 yrs. 5% 40-49 yrs. 18% 60-69 yrs. 27%

30-39 yrs. 13% 50-59 yrs. 34% Over: 70 3%
Annual Family Incomes

Under $10,000 1% $20,000to $30,000 31%

$10,000 to $15,000 11% $30,000 to $45,000 23%

$15,000 to $20,000 16% Over $45,000 18%

Income, Employment, and Cost of Living - Most of the
family incomes (31%) are in the $20,000 to $30,000 range
with the next largest group being in the $30,000 to
$45,000 bracket (23%). 18% report incomes above $45,000.

The most well-off of the three catagories of property
owners are those who have built vacation or seasonal homes
at Pine Knoll Shores with 85% reporting incomes above
$20,000 and 43% in excess of $45,000. Next in line are
those who have not yet built on their lots, with 73%
making over $20,000 and 9% over $45,000.

The permanent residents are the ones with the lowest
incomes with a bit less than half (49%) making over
$20,000 and only 4% making over $45,000.

At the Town's present state of growth, retired persons
own most of the homes. 62% of the permanent residents
and 66% of the seasonal residents are retired. Among the
year-round group, 31% work full time and 7% part time.
19% of the seasonal home owners work full time and 15%
part time.

The cost of living in Pine Knoll Shores evidently pre-
sents an attractive situation to those who have decided
to retire there. 801% of the retired permanent residents
answered the question on estimated basic cost of living.
Most respondents (43%) reported a cost of living range of
$10,000 to $12,000 with only 25% reporting a higher cost.

VI. COMMERCIAL LAND OWNERS' SURVEY

A survey was also conducted of the owners and operators
of commercial property. This covered motels, real estate,
retail, and construction.activities. Specific questions
were asked to assist in providing land use, population,
and economic data used in later sections of this report.

The same questions asked the residential property owners
were also put to these business people. The responses,
for all intents and purposes, were similar to those hold-
ing residential property with the following exceptions:

1) Between 18% and 27% wanted unlimited commercial
development.
2) Over 55% wanted the Town to provide either public
parking, boat ramps, or beach access.

3) 45% wanted a Town with equal numbers of motel rooms,
condominiums and single family homes.
4) 90916 expressed dissatisfaction with the zoning and
other land use controls.
5) 45% wanted Salter Path Road four-laned and 67%
wanted a new bridge to be located at Pine Knoll
Shores.

VII. EXISTING LAND USE ANALYSIS

General Setting - Pine Knoll Shores sits'athwart Bogue
Island at one of its widest points. It runs along the
ocean beach for 4.53 miles with the ocean to sound width
ranging from 1200 feet to 4000 feet to include a total
area of 1430 acres. The land varies in elevation from
below sea level to 24 feet above behind the frontal dune
system. The frontal dunes occasionally top 30 feet.
Undulating land forms are covered with bands of climax
maritime forests running generally parallel to the ocean
shore. These bands are interspersed with lower level scrub
swamp and swamp forest and occasional fresh~water ponds
and high marsh. The Bogue Sound shore contains an inter-
esting variety of salt marsh and maritime scrub thickets
with some intervening sand beach. The whole area has
been defined as fragile from an ecological viewpoint.
Residential Development - 48% or 684 acres (including
streets and waterways) of the Town's area have been laid
out in residential subdivisiernsec,, containing 1038 lots.
One fourth of these have houses on them. These sub-
divisions have generally been laid out in a modern manner
with respect for the irregular land forms and the irre-
placeable forest cover. Practically all streets have been
paved. Water lines have been installed in a large portion
of the development. Lots are large with none being less
than 7500 square feet in area and the majority being over
10,000 square feet. Although some early house construction
was done in the bulldoze, clear and build manner, present
building practice is'to fit the contour of the land and to
cut a minimum of natural vegetation.
8100 feet of the total of 23,850 feet of ocean frontage is
available exclusively for single family residential develop-
ment. 3500 feet of the frontage has been built on. A
problem exists where some of the earlier construction was
carried out in a manner that damaged the frontal dune and
destroyed protective vegetation. Most recent ocean front
construction has been carried out with respect for and

understanding of the delicate balance of beach front en-
vironment. State, County and Town Ordinances protecting
the frontal dune system are now being vigorously enforced.

Two condominium projects have a combined total of 223
proposed dwelling units on 11.7 acres of land. (176 of
these units have been completed.) The resulting 19 dwell-
ing units per acre is quite high when compared to the rest
of the subdivided residential land in Pine Knoll Shores.
The Zoning Ordinance enacted since these projects were
initiated limits subsequent residential construction in
commercially zoned areas to 10 units per acre.

Open Space and Recreation Areas - The Town is amply sup-
plied-with open space and recreational areas. In addition
to the public beach, the residential areas have eight
mini-parks providing access to the ocean, sound and the
internal waterway. The internal waterway, which provides
about 24 acres of openness, may be added to this account.
Obviously, the golf course and the Roosevelt Natural Area
are most important elements in the open space/recreation
inventory. Also, a portion of the Town property on which
the Town Hall is located may in the future be turned into
a sound-side park. A tally of all these areas follows:

Roosevelt Natural Area 309 acres
Golf Course 93 acres
Town Hall Property 27 acres
Waterway 24 acres
Eight Mini-Parks acres
46b acres total

The above account would put about one third of Pine Knoll
Shores' land in the open space and recreational catagory.
In evaluating its adequacy, consideration must be given
to the easy access by all to the openness and recreation
provided by the beach, shores, and waters of the ocean and
the sound. The predominance of large wooded residential
lots and the absence of urban-type congestion are also a
plus for this catagory of land use. It is evident that
Pine Knoll Shores is amply endowed with open space and
recreational land for now and for the future if present
plans are carried out.

Resort Commercial Development -i-The seven motel complexes
along the strand are occupying a total of 34 acres of land.
Among these are presently 590 guest rooms. Assuming an
average of three people to a room, 1770 transient persons
are added to the Town's night-time population during peak
tourist seasons.

There is available for this type of development an

additional 131 acres of ocean front land and 103 acres
of sound front land. However, the Zoning Ordinance
limits the density of development for this land to 10
accommodations units per acre. If this land were to be
developed to maximum allowed densities, there would be
2340 additional accommodations units. At three persons
per unit, this could add an additional 7020 persons to
the transient population.

Additionally, there is extensive land available for retail
commercial use. If all this additional land still avail-
able for development (127 acres) were put into resort
accommodations at maximum densities, an additional 3810
transients would be counted for a total from all three
above conditions of a maximum of 12,600 transient persons.

However, because of the density restrictions and the high
cost of land, it is unlikely that much additional motel
construction will occur on the above land. More probably,
residential units (homes, condominiums, apartments, etc.)
will be built. Developers may even agree to some even
lower density zoning to overcome sewage restrictions.

Resort commercial development caused some major land use
abuse before the incorporation of the Town of Pine Knoll
Shores. The chief trouble came from the disregard of the
fragile natural/physical balance of a barrier island
by most of the ocean front motel builders. Only two motels
are built well back of the protecting frontal dune with
elevated walkways for access to the beach. One, but only
one, is carefully sited to fit the contour of the secondary
dune system and to disturb a minimum amount of the pro-
tective maritime scrub growth.

The construction of the five other motels and a condomin-
ium project generally began with bulldozers clearing away
the covering growth and leveling the sand dunes for the
full width of the property from Salter Path Road to from
four to eight feet above the mean high water mark. In
this process there was leveled or seriously damaged 2550
feet (10.7%) of the 23,850 feet of frontal dune protecting
the Town from the incursions of the ocean during storms
and hurricanes. Further, the leveling of the land has
greatly increased the potential of flood erosion along
Salter Path, the main access road to Pine Knoll Shores.

The seven motel complexes and the two condominium projects
are using individual package plants for sewagetreatment.
Even the best of these are subject to malfunction and can
cause polution of ground and surface waters. Sizable

additional motel and condominium development would require
an area-wide sewage collection and treatment system. This
will be true even at the limited densities now required by
the Zoning Ordinance.

Other Commercial - There are presently only six other com-
mercial establishments in Pine Knoll Shores. 127 acres of
land are available for more such development. In the
survey, previously cited, an overwhelming majority of re-
spondents wanted only retail and service businesses and
professional services to support the needs of residonts,
both permanent and seasonal. If this preference is heeded,
Pine Knoll Shores will need only twe and one-half to five
acres of land for well planned community shopping and
services. Even with a low density, spread-out business
area, ten acres should be more than adequate.
Industry and Manufacturing - There is no land used or
zoned for industry or manufacturing in this predominately
residential community nor is any such use contemplated in
the forseeable future.
Land Use Graphics

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Ground and Surface Water Pollution - In spite of the existence
of an adequate central water supply, about half of the dwell-
ing:units in the Town have individual wells. All of the
single family homes use septic tanks. The danger of septic
tank effluent polluting these wells is omnipresent.

The March 9, 1976, "Carrying Capacity" report of the
Coastal Resources Commission states that "up to a certain
density .... the land is quite capable of absorbing human
waste from onsite sewage disposal systems without detri-
mental effects on the quality of ground and surface :
waters". The low residential densities planned for Pine
Knoll Shores may eliminate the need for a central sewage
system. However the N.C. Division of Health Service's
new regulations (yet to be put into use) state that no
portion of any residential septic tank absorption field
may be closer than 100 feet to the mean high water mark.

36% (372) of the existing lots front either the ocean,
sound or waterway. By putting the septic drainage field
on the road side of a dwelling, it will be easy to meet
this condition on all except 25 waterway lots.

At the present time, there is no indication that the de-
velopment of homes on the sound shores has caused any
noticeable deterioration in the quality of the waters of
Bogue Sound. The Town officials are determined to do all
in their power to keep the sound from becoming polluted.

Land Classification - The State of North Carolina has
adopted a general classification system for dividing land
into five types: Developed, Transitional, Community, Rural
and Conservation. The limited area covered by Pine Knoll
Shores includes only two of these classifications. Their
designation did not assist in the preparation of a Land
Use Plan.

Soil Capability - Most of the soils upon which development
exists or is proposed under the Land Use Plan are the
Fripp Sand and Corolla Sand series or a combination of the
two. These are extremely permeable sands often overlaid
with a layer of undecomposed plant material and usually
containing a cover of native plants. These plants include
Live Oak,, Wax Myrtlq, Bay, Pine and a number of g rasses?
these soils as they exit'in-Pin-Eo-li-res are partic-
ularly well suited for accommodating properly designed
individual septic tank.csewage disposal systems. Water
table level and building weight carrying capacity present
no problems in these soils.

The previously mentioned lower level scrub swamp and swamp
forest that lie between the higher maritime forests are
composed of the Duckston Sand series. These soils are poor-
ly drained and too wet for development. They will not
accommodate septic tank sewage disposal.

The high and low marsh soils have been proposed for classi-
fication as areas of environmental concern with no develop-
ment except access structures. The coastal beach and fore
dune have been designated for similar restriction.

Present Land Use Regulations - The Roosevelt interests
required rather rigid restrictive covenants to apply to
all land sales or donations in the Pine Knoll Shores area.
In 1973, the Town Government established a Planning Board
and passed a Zoning Ordinance which in effect gave many
of these private restrictions the additional force of
local public law. The Town employs a full-time Building
Inspector who enforces the following regulations affect-
ing land use and environment;

1) PINE KNOLL SHORES' ZONING ORDINANCE. This regulation
carries forth the Town Plan by providing for a low density
residential and recreational community in a natural coastal
setting with some low density resort accommodations. Min-
imum residential lot size is 7500 square feet. Except for
retail sales, service and professional activity, no other
uses are allowed. Resort and other business building are
restricted to heights of 50 feet, shall not cover more than
25% of the land, and are required to leave no less than 35%
of the land in its natural state. No such building shall
be located closer than 50 feet to any public right-of-way
line and shall not be nearer than~ 20 feet to_ side property
lines or 30 feet on back lines. Maximum density for resort
accommodations is 10 units per acre,
An approved plan must precede all land development designed
in a manner to preserve a maximum of natural land form, trees
and other vegetation. No building may be erected closer than
100 feet from the mean high water mark of the ocean and all
required open spaces and buffer zones shall remain in their
natural state reguardless of elevation. No unnatural solid
or liquid waste discharge is allowed into any waters.
2) BOAT SLIP REGULATION. Only docking facilities projecting
into open water are allowed.

3) OUTER BANKS LAND PROTECTION ORDINANCE, and 4) SOIL
SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION CONTROL LAW. The Building
inspector assists the County and State in enforcing these.

5) PINE KNOLL SHORES' SUBDIVIDISION DEVELOPMENT ORDINANCE.
Administered by the Town Planning Board.

6) NORTH CAROLINA STATE BUILDING CODE.* Enforced by the
Pine Knoll Shores Building Inspector.

7) SEPTPIC TA.NK REGULATIONS. The Carteret County Board of
Health requires a permit prior to instalation of a septic
tank system for individual dwellings. The North Carolina
Division of Health Services regulations covering these
systems are used. The Pine Knoll Shores Building Inspector
assists in locating these systems in a manner to minimize
disturbance of land forms and vegetation.

VIII. THE LAND USE PLAN

Public Participation - Using the results of the survey of
property owners' desires, needs, and judgements along with
the existing land use survey, the Planning Board prepared
a draft Goals and Objectives Statement. A public meeting
was advertised for June 26, 1975, to discuss the results
of the survey and the Statement. This open meeting was
presided over by Mayor James W. Redfield... Mr. Stan
Heckler, Staff Director-of the Coastal Area Management
Commission, explained the Coastal Area Ma~nagement Act
and the policies and activities of the Commission and its
staff. The Town's Planning Consultant Paul Poster, A.*I .P.,
presented the findings of the survey and distributed one
hundred copies of a two page tabulation. Mr. Larry Jerome,
Chairman of the Town Planning Board, discussed the pro-
posed Statement of Goals and Objective&, copies of which
had been distributed before the meeting. Chairman Jerome
emphasized that this was a draft proposal and requested
public input to refine the Statement. There was lively
participation by the ninety-three persons who attended the
meeting.

Long Range Goals - Over the ensuing weeks, the Town Plan-
ning bfoard incorporated additional ideas into the draft
Statement and submitted it for approval. On August 14,
1975, the Town Board, of Commissioners unanimously approved
the following Official Statement of Goals and Objectives
for the Town of Pine Knoll Shores:

Long Range Goals and Objectives of

The Town of Pine Knoll Shores

The following is a statemen t of policy concerning the
Town's long range goals audobjectives as developed by its
Planning Board and approved by its duly elected Board of
Commissioners on August 14., 1975. It attempts to reflect

to the extent practicable the desires of the Town's resi-
dents as expressed at various public meetings and in re-
plies to a general questionaire that was mailed to all
residential property owners in May, 1975.

The purpose of this statement is to provide a founda-
tion for planning and developing an outstanding town that
meets the desires and aspirations of the majority of its
residents.

Although the barrier islands of the coast of North
Carolina are typically resort and summer vacation areas,
there also is a need and demand in these areas for at-
tractive and comfortable year around living facilities
for moderate income families. The Town of Pine Knoll
Shores was designed to fill this need. It is essen-
tially a year around residential community, with a
limited number of summer homes and commercial resort motels.
Because of the Town's present population density restrict-
ionsit is unlikely that there will be any substantial in-
crease in the number of motels in the future. No industry
is contemplated, other than the motels, one fishing pier,
and a small business center to serve community needs.

At present, the Town is less than 201/o developed and
has about 680 full time residents. The majority are re-
tired individuals and the rest are people who are employed
in nearby communities. Peak summer population is substan-
tially greater because of the many guests of residents and
the influx into summer homes and motels.

Following are two projections of future population;
one based on the answers to lot owners' questionaires and
the other based on the actual rate of growth to date.
Both reflect peak season conditions because the Town must
develop its services to meet peak population needs. At
best, these computations are only rough approximations,
but they do give some indication of the kind of growth the
Town can expect, even with its existing zoning ordinances
and population density limitations.

Present 1980 1985 2000
Lot owners' questionaires
Residential 1,000 1,600 2,100 3,500
Motels 800 800 800 800
0 2,-900 4,30
Projection of actual growth
Residential 1,000 3,000 4,100 7,800
Motels 800 800 800 800
1,00 =tO 4,900 W80

This projected population will be concentrated in
about 1 .350 of the Town's 1 ,780 acres. In addition to
about 1,070 single family residences, there will be at
least seven motels and several thousand multi-family resi-
dential units, such as condominiums, cooperatives, and
apartments. It is anticipated that most of the Town's
commercially zoned property will be developed with multi-
family facilities in order to take advantage of the ten
unit per acre density provision in the zoning ordinances.

In order to accommodate the needs of an estimated
future peak population of between 4,300 and 7,80 People,
the Town proposes to gradually expand its services as set
forth below.
Police protection - The Town presently has its own police
force. As the Town grows, this force will be enlarged to
assure adequate police protection at all times. However,
in view of the limited area of the Town and the probabil-
ity that business development will be relatively small,
it is unlikely that the police force will need to be in-
creased at the same rate that the population increases,

Fire protection - The Town is presently negotiating with
the Town of Atlantic Beach for fire protection services.
Up till now, only the east and of the Town has had an ar-
rangement with Atlantic Beach. The rest of the Town is
dependent upon'the good will of Atlantic Beach and Salter
Path for help if the need arises. The Town itself has no
fire fighting equipment. For the future, the Town has
several alternatives, any one of which would be satisfac-
tory: (1) continue its arrangement with Atlantic Beach,
but add a substation within the Town in order to reduce
fire insurance rates; (2) join a consolidated Bogue Banks
Fire District if one is established; or (3) form an inde-
pendent Volunteer Fire Department, a costly and long drawn
out process. These options will be continously evaluated
as the Town grows. Another factor in improving the Townts
fire fighting capability will be the erection of an ele-
vated water storage tank, discussed in more detail under
Water Service below.

Water service - Present plans are to have Carolina Water
Service, Inc., continue to provide the Town's water needs.
Part of the eastern end of the Town depends upon indivi-
dual wells on each property. However, if this source should
become unsatisfactory, the water company can extend its
lines to serve the area. As the system expands, it will
be necessary to erect an elevated water storage tank to
assure adequate pressure during peak consumption periods.
A side benefit of such a tank is a surer source of water
for fire fighting purposes with a commensurate reduction
in fire insurance rates.

If at any time it should appear advantageous to do
so, the Town will consider purchasing the water system
and operating it as a municipal facility.

Sewerage Disposal - For the present, the Town will con-
tinue to rely upon private septic tank systems, built and
installed in compliance with strict State and County
standards. For the future, however, the Town is tenta-
tively committed to participation in a district sewer
system, most of the cost of which will be paid for out of
Federal and State funds, with the remainder to be financed
by local revenue bonds. The preliminary plans for the
treatment and disposal plant have already been developed
and approved, but it will proabIybleyseveralyearSbe-
fore the necessary local referendums are completed and
actual construction is started. It is generally agreed
that the Town is limited as to the number of septic systems
it can have without causing contamination of the sur-
rounding waters, and ultimately the Town's fresh water
sources.

Garbage and Trash Collection - The Town plans to be re-
sponsible for all general trash and garbage collection,
except for motels and businesses. On a trial basis, it
has entered into a six-month contract with Atlantic Dis-
posal Co., the cost to be met out of tax revenues. If
this arrangement proves successful, it will be continued.
When the Town's growth merits it, consideration will be
given to a municipally operated sanitation service.

Electric Service - The Town will continue to rely upon
the Carteret-Craven Electric Membership Corp. to supply
its electric power needs. No foreseeable problems of
supply are anticipated.
Gas Service - The Town has no intention of installing a
natural or manufactured gas distribution system. All
energy requirements will be met with electricity and oil.
Recreation Facilities - The Town is well endowed with
outdoor recreational facilities. In addition to about
five miles of ocean beach, it has eight small parks that
are operated by the property owners associations (3 on
the ocean, 2 on the sound, and 3 on Pine Knoll Waterway.)
Also, within the Town limits, the State operates a 300
acre park containing a marine science center and museum.
The Pine Knoll Shores Golfand Country Club is located in
the Town, with an 18 hole golf course, a large clubhouse,
a swimming pool, and four tennis courts. Finally, the
Town itself owns a tract of 27 acres, some of which will

probably be developed into public parkland in the future.

Schools and Education - The Town comes under the Car-
teret County school system and, therefore, need provide no
schools of its own. At present, the children are bussed
to schools in Morehead City. Post high school courses
and adult education are available at Carteret Technical
Institute, also in Morehead City. The Town does not
plan to supplement presently available educational
facilities.

Roads and Bridges - The Town will maintain all roads and
bridges that are dedicated to it. Generally, all new
roads and bridges will be constructed by subdivision devel-
opers at their cost. The Town will support any effort to
have the State improve Salter Path Road as the principal
traffic artery through the Town? provided it is continued
as a two-lane highway. If a third bridge is built across
Bogue Sound from the mainland, the Town will support the
majority views of its residents as to the bridge's pre-
ferred location.
Public Transportation - The Town does not intend to estab-
lish any public transportation system, but it will give
serious consideration to any effort by the County or
a private enterprise to establish a Bogue Banks Busline
along Salter Path Road - in the light of the threatened
future energy crisis.
Other Capital Improvements - Included in the Town's long
range plans are a new community center to include town
offices, police headquarters, a fire station or sub-
station, and a meeting hall. Also, as the Town becomes
larger, it will need some maintenance equipment and a
place to house it. These facilities will be located on
the Town's property on Bridge Road.

Coastal Land Management - Recognizing that much of the
Town lies within fragile areas of environmental concern,
the Town will striv.e through its ordinances, regulations,
and decisions of elected and appointed officials to
maintain and protect the natural terrain and environ-
ment to the extent possible. In particular, it will pro-
tect the ocean and sound shorelines, the frontal dunes,
the salt marshes, and the maritime forests. It will
also take necessary measures to protect the quality of
the water along the sound and ocean fronts and in the
Town's internal waterways. It will abide by all appli-
cable rules and regulations promulgated by the Coastal
Resources Commission.

The foregoing objectives are considered valid for the
forseeable future. Rowever, they will be reviewed per-
iodically and, where appropriate, modifications will be
proposed for the Town's consideration.

Notes on Goals - It has been subsequently determined that
the acreage figures given in the Goals were overstated.
The acreages given in the text of the land use analysis
are to be considered more accurate.

In computing the population projections, a figure of 400
motel rooms with a peak occupancy of two persons per room
was used. The actual number of rooms is 590 and three per-
sons per room is deemed as a more correct peak occupancy.

Since the Goals were adopted, two steps toward achievement
have been taken: 1) An agreement has been made for adjacent
Atlantic Beach to provide fire protection for the whole
Town of Pine Knoll Shores; and 2) the Town Board of Com-
missioners has passed a resolution to cooperate with all
of the area local government units in working to provide
sewage collection and treatment on a regional basis. This
involved approval of the EPA (Section 201) Regional Plan.

On water quantity, the existing deep well system can pump
one million gallons of water per day without aquifer draw
down. This is adequate for a population of 10,000.

The Planning Advisor is convinced that making Salter Path
Road a high capacity facility would harm the Town by crea-
ting a barrier to north-south traffic and pedestrian move-
ment and by causing general congestion.

(CONTINUATION OF THE LAND USE PLAN)

Population and Economy - In contrast to most communities,
Pine Knoll Shores' existing and future population has
little relation to local job markets or birth rates. The
employment and population factors affecting this settlement
are scattered throughout the urban areas of the whole
United States. The majority of residents are retired and
living on previously earned income. Those whose source of
income is the transient or seasonal resident are importing
money earned in other parts of the country. If the nation's
economy is good, this leisure industry prospers. If not,
it diminishes. This is particularly true of the motel and
condominium activity. On the other hand, the construction
of houses on purchased vacant lots may be expected to con-
tinue at a good pace.

Additional Public Services -As Pine Knoll Shores grows,
an increased tax base will make it possible to provide
additional community services. That there is a desire for
these is evident in the returns of the survey. The Town
now has an adequate local street system for future resi-
dential needs. Power and water are supplied by out- of-
town companies that appear to be able to adequately take
care of growing needs., There are only two large public
works projects that the Town may have to contend with.
These are sewage collection and treatment and exten..
sj~on~f the potable water system. Fire and police pro-
tection along with garbage collection are covered in the
Goals and Objectives Statement.

Allocation of Future Land Uses - Map #2 shows how future
land use is planned for. Barring an economic collapse,
war or other eatastrophy, the land allocated to residential
use, which has already been subdivided, should continue
to be filled in with homes at a regular rate. As this
takes place, market demand should cause the establishment
of a community shopping area. Community recreation and
open space for residents is already adequately provided
for. All of the above allocations are well defined in
the Private Covenants running with the land and integrated
into a comprehensive Land Use Plan through the Zoning
Ordinance.

The Land Use Plan prescribes a rather low average develop-
ment density for the Town. This is necessary to preserve
the quality of the fragile land and waters. This recog-
nizes the limited capacity of this environment to absorb
development.

The past problems caused by the unregulated overloading
of ocean front property by resort commercial facilities
has already been disscussed, The land allocated for this
type of activity is limited to ten accommodations per
acre. At this density; it will beipossible to preserve
a maximum of maritime forest and protect the dune and
beach grass formations. This may be accomplished by
either concentrating allowed accommodations in one part
of a property or through scattering them in clusters on
the land. In either case, the remainder of the land is
left in its natural state. This will make it possible to
preserve a maximum amount of maritime forest and to pro-
tect the vital dune'formations and the stabilizing grasses
that cover them.

IX. DESIGNATION OF AREAS OF ENVIIRONMENTAL CONCEIRN

Background - The Coastal Area Management Act requires
that local land use plans shall give'special attention to
the protection and appropriate development of Areas of
Environmental Concern. The developers of Pine Knoll
Shores had taken measures for protection arid appropriate
development well before State legislation was passed. One
of the first acts of the local government after its creation
in 1973 was to set up stringent guides for environmental
protection through a Zoning Ordinance. The local admin-
istrative and planning officials are heartened to see that
the State government has joined with them in this effort.
Strorg State technical and enforcement assistance 'Will great-
ly enhance the Town's efforts to protect Areas of Environ-
mental Concern.

Totality of the Problem - It is interesting that the whole
of Fine Knoll S3hores was recommended as an Interim Area
of Environmental Concern by the CAMG staff in maps issued
in December, 1974. Local officials consider it so. The
Zoning Ordinance was their first step toward assuring
appropriate development. Following are the recommended
areas for environmental concern.

Coastal Wetland - All low tidal (Spartina Alternaflora)
and high marsh (Spartina Patens) should be kept in their
natural state with no building (except docks) and no
filling or effluent discharge and with buffer strip pro-
tection from adjoining development. These wetlands exist
intermittently with maritime scrub thickets and maritime
forests along the whole of the Bogue Sound shore. Particular
attention should be given to protecting the endangered
American Alligator which probably breeds on the edges of
these marshes.

Natural Resource Area - The whole of the R:oosevelt Natural
Area (309 acres) ,containing the Carteret Marine Rlesources
Center, should be kept in its natural state as a preserve
for present and future generations. Intensive public access
should be restricted to small portions close to the exist-
ing entrance road and Center Complex or other specifically
designated areas where access can be well controlled. Access
should only be permitted in a manner that will have minimum
deleterious effect on the ecological balance, by using
elevated walks and providing guides. New building should
be limited a-ad only be allowed as expansion of the exist-.
ing Center.

Primary Dune System and Ocean Beach - No building should
be allowed on the total length of ocean beach or the
primary dune system behind it except for elevated access
walkways designed to cause minimum harm to these form-
ations.

Flood Plain - Building in the flood plain, as recently
defined by the Federal Insurance Administration, should
be restricted to residential structures with habitable
portions of the building elevated above the 100 year
frequency flood level.

Climax Maritime Forests (Complex Natural Areas)- It has
been previously mentioned that bands of relatively high
forests parallel the coast along the total length of the
Town. Dr. Eugene P. Odum, the eminent ecologist, has
said that recent studies indicate that at least 1000
years may be required for the development if a climax
forest from the beginnings of a bare dune. Yet a few
days of bulldozing operation can return this land to
unstable sand inviting wind and water erosion aid eventual
flooding. Anyone familiar with Nrth- *rolina's coastal
areas knows how little of this type of forest is left in
the State.

Dr. John Clark, noted marine ecologist, has stated that
"dense (barrier) island forest areas may be ecologically
suited for human use .... and little ecological damage
need result .... if proper constraints are invoked.

Any development in the Climax Maritime Forests should be
carefully controlled. Residential and resort commercial
accommondations that are allowed should not exceed den-
sities of 10 units per acre as required by the Pine Knoll
Shores Zoning Ordinance. These should be concentrated or
clustered within a project-in a manner to preserve a max-
imum of trees and shrubs. Accessory facilities should be
limited to those that serve residents or overnight guests
only. Vehicular access should be designed to destroy an
absolute minimum of trees. No other land uses should be
allowed.

1ODUM. EUGENE P. 1963 ECOLOGY, Holt, Rinehart & Winston,
New York p. 87

CLARKS JOHN 1974 COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS, Conservation
Foundation, Washington, DC. p. 7T

X. FOLLOW-UP AND COORDINATION

Implementation of the Plan - The elected officials will
continue to take vigorous action to provide for orderly
development of Pine Knoll Shores consistent with the well
expressed desires of the citizens. The people have spoken
for low density residential emphasis and minimum damage to
the unique coastal environment. A synopsis of this Plan
vwill be put into the hands of every property owner.

Review and Revision - A new survey of residential property
owners is expected to be repeated in five to seven years
by the Town Planning Board. A tabulation will be made to
determine the citizens' appraisal of the 1976 Plan and
any changes will be incorporated in a revised Plan.

Cdr-ditation With Carteret County Planning - Coordination
with the Carteret County Planning Department was continQus
during the Pine Knoll Shores' planning work. This was to
assure that these plans are an integral part of the County
Plan.

On February 24, 1976, a joint meeting and public hearing
was held to discuss planning underway by Carteret County
and the municipal corporations in this area. Magy -oflthe
population projections of the municipalities were in
excess of the limited carrying capacity of Bogue Island.
Steps are being taken to correct this problem. However,
Pine Knoll Shores' population projections were considered
reasonable.

Official Status - This Land Use Plan for Pine Knoll Shores
was officially adopted by the Town Board of Commissioners
on May 19, 1976, immediately following the required Public
Hearing.