[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]





                                    Harhorcireek Township



                                        Com-prehensiye Plan












                                                                     prepared by
                                                                         the
                                                           Harborcreek Township Officials
                                                                       and the
                                                         Erie County Department of Planning
                                    -IT

















                                HARBORCREEK TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
                                                 1995





                A REPORT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES TO
                   THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION PURSUANT TO
                                      NOAA AWARD NO. - NA470Z0248


                                 DER GRANT/CONTRACT NO. - CZ1:94.01PE
                                     GRANT TASK NO.   CZ1:94PE.07
                                            ME NO.   94465



                                   Coastal
                                               Funand and Coordination
						through Department of Environmental Resour-
						ces.  Ohio at Resources and Management, Bureau
						at Resources Management, Dawson and Coast-
						al Zone Management and no Erie County De-
						partment of Planning.         
												Zone
PENNSYLVANIA
                                                			



                This project was financed in part through a Federal Coastal Zone
                Management Grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
                Resources with funds provided by the NOAA. The views expressed
                herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
                views of NOAA or any of its subagencies.

                This project was financed in part by the Township of Harborcreek and
                the Erie County Department of Planning.
                                                                          


										i








                                  HARBORCREEK TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
                                                    1995


                                               TABLE OF CONTENTS

                 Chapter                                                               PaQe

                 TITLE PAGE  ....................................................       i

                 TABLE OF CONTENTS  .............................................    ii-iii

                 INTRODUCTION  ..................................................      1-2

                 CHAPTER 1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES     ...............................    1-5

                     Introduction ..............................................        1
                     Overall Plan Goal   .........................................      1
                     Citizen Participation Considerations    ......................     2
                     Environmental Considerations    ...............................    2
                     Energy Conservation Considerations    ........................     2
                     Aesthetic Considerations   ..................................      3
                     Economic Considerations   ...................................      3
                     Housing Considerations    ....................................     3
                     Transportation Considerations    .............................     4
                     Community Facilities and Utilities Considerations     .........    4
                     Land Use Considerations   ...................................      5

                 CHAPTER 2 HOUSING PLAN    .......................................     1-3

                     Introduction ..............................................        I
                     General Recommendations   ...................................      2
                     Demonstration Projects    ....................................     3

                 CHAPTER 3 TRANSPORTATION PLAN    ................................     1-10

                     Introduction ..............................................        1
                     Official Highway System   ...................................      2
                     State Highway System Improvements    .........................     3
                     State Highway System Signalization Improvements    ..........      5
                     Harborcreek Transportation System Improvements     ............    5

                 CHAPTER 4 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES PLAN      ............   1-23

                     Introduction ..............................................        I
                     Cooperation, Coordination and Collaboration     ...............    1
                     Consolidation .............  :"*''*"''**'*'*'****'*'*****''**      2
                     Harborcreek Municipal Services    ............................     2
                     Harborcreek Municipal Authority    ...........................    18
                     Harborcreek School District    ...............................    19






                                                      ii







                 CHAPTER 5 LAND USE PLAN     ......................................      1-6

                      Introduction ..............................................         1
                      Future Land Use Patterns    ..................................      2
                      Concept Land Use Plan   .....................................       2

                 CHAPTER 6 IMPLEMENTATION     .....................................      1-6

                      Introduction ..............................................         1
                      Comprehensive Plan   ........................................       1
                      Zoning Ordinance   ..........................................       1
                      Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance     ................     1
                      LERTA Ordinance   ...........................................       2
                      Building Codes   ............................................       2
                      Municipal Services   ........................................       2
                      Technical and Financial Assistance     ........................     3
                      Statement of Plan Interrelationships     ......................     6
                      Statement of Relationship to Other Plans     ..................     6






                                   HARBORCREEK TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
                                                      1995
                                                  LIST OF MAPS           Chapter       Paqe
                 Regional Location..:. ... Intro                                        2
                 Short Range State Highway System     .................     3           7
                 Long Range State Highway System Plan     .............     3           8
                 Long Range Signalization and Railroad System Plan          3           9
                 Transportation Corridor Parkway Plan     .............     3          10
                 Shades Beach Park Phase Plan     .....................     4           5
                 Recreational Lands and Walk/Bike Way System Plan.          4          20
                 Long Range Water Distribution System Plan      ........    4          21
                 Long Range Sanitary Sewer Collection System Plan.          4          22
                 Long Range Natural Gas Distribution System Plan..          4          23
                 Short Range Land Use Patterns     ....................     5           3
                 Medium Range Land Use Patterns     ...................     5           4
                 Long Range Land Use Patterns     .....................     5           5
                 Concept Land Use Plan    ............................      5           6






                                                INTRODUCTION


                 Local   comprehensive     planning is not new to the community of
                 Harborcreek Township. This planning effort represents the third time
                 in 30 years that the municipality will develop a background analysis
                 of the study area, formalize the community development goals and
                 objectives, and finalize the plan elements. The first planning
                 endeavor was in the 1960's: the second plan document was adopted in
                 1980: with this endeavor resulting in the Harborcreek Township
                 Background Analysis-1994 and the Harborcreek Township Comprehensive
                 Plan-1995.

                 This   Comprehensive     Plan will assist the elected officials in
                 developing a policy to guide decisions in regard to the physical
                 development of the community. It is important to understand that the
                 Comprehensive Plan, and its various elements, is not a legally
                 binding document, and it does not take the form of an ordinance.
                 When a community decides to adopt a comprehensive plan, it is
                 accepting by resolution that the recommendations within the plan are
                 the guidelines for future development and related government actions
                 of municipal officials.

                 The various elements of this Plan should be reviewed on a periodic
                 basis in the future, and revised when unforeseen conditions occur
                 which   reflect on the social, economic and physical makeup of
                 Harborcreek Township and its immediate adjacent area. The goals and
                 objectives of the Plan and the policies upon which the Plan is based,
                 should be regarded as a more permanent part of the document. It is
                 intended that the goals and objectives of the plan represent the
                 official philosophy of the governing body of the municipality and its
                 planning commission.

                 The elected and appointed officials of Harborcreek Township are
                 inescapably involved in questions of physical development. At nearly
                 every meeting of the Board of Supervisors and the Planning Commission
                 development decisions must be made concerning zoning, subdivisions,
                 utilities, facilities and so on. Public officials must plan for
                 future demands on community services and fiscal outlays by which
                 improvements to these services can be made. These officials need an
                 instrument by which to inventory the community's resources and
                 liabilities, and establish short and long range policies for the
                 physical development of the community in a coordinated, unified
                 manner that can be continually referred to in order to intelligently
                 make these decisions.       Such is the intent behind the Harborcreek
                 Township Comprehensive Plan.

                 Probably   the most difficult goal facing any community is the
                 development of a means for promoting and controlling orderly growth.
                 This Plan is an integral part of the municipal effort toward reaching
                 that goal.     Although other studies, together with ordinances and
                 regulations, are or may become important to achieving the desired
                 goals, the Harborcreek Township Comprehensive Plan should be the
                 basis upon which those other documents are founded.







                                                                     R E G 10 N A L                                          L 0 C A T 10 N                                           M A P

                                                                                        H a r b o r c r e e k                                  T o w n s h i p

                                                                                        I R I E          C 0 U N T Y                    P I    N N S Y L V A N I A


                                                                                                                                                                                                                 oll



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          N 0 R I H   E A S 1   7 W P








                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           G R E I H F I I L 0  7 W P




                                                                                                                                                                                                         G R I E N f   TWP





























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                                                     CHAPTER 1


                                              GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

                  Introduction

                  The Comprehensive Plan is comprised of a series of recommendations
                  which, if implemented, can assist in promoting and guiding future
                  growth.    The power to implement the Plan recommendations rests with
                  the elected Harborcreek Township Board of Supervisors. It is this
                  group of individuals that decides when and what recommendations are
                  to be executed.        Properly conceived, the Plan can be an effective
                  tool for assisting the Township officials in making intelligent
                  community planning decisions.

                  This Comprehensive Plan subsequently discusses the recommendations
                  for developing residential, commercial, industrial and public service
                  areas by delineating proposed land use patterns on the Comprehensive
                  Plan Map.      It also makes recommendations concerning community and
                  utility    facilities     and    services, and illustrates methods for
                  improving the overall highway system.

                  The Zoning Ordinance is a fundamental tool used to implement the land
                  use and other portions of the Comprehensive Plan.                  The zoning
                  requirements and districts in the ordinance must closely relate to
                  the Township's future needs, trends and resources, its physiographic
                  characteristics, its roads and utility systems, and other factors
                  identified in the Plan.          It is the legal vehicle that provides the
                  transition between the Plan and the reality of community development.

                  The goals described below are intended to serve as statements of long-
                  range guides toward which the more specific objectives show the way.

                  Overall Plan Goal

                  If is the overall objective of the Harborcreek Township Comprehensive
                  Plan to develop and preserve a pleasant, attractive, healthy, safe,
                  efficient and convenient community environment for living, working,
                  shopping and relaxing. This plan is intended to promote, to protect
                  and to facilitate the public health, safety, morale and general
                  welfare of the community. The plan aims at coordinated and practical
                  community development through proper density of population, and
                  avoidance of land overcrowding. In addition, provisions will be made
                  for   adequate     light,    air,    and    the public infrastructure of
                  transportation, water and sewage. In order to avoid and/or minimize
                  the loss of health, life or property from fire, flood, panic or other
                  dangers,    the plan will focus on proper police and fire protection
                  and related code enforcement programs.             Finally, the plan will
                  promote the development of schools, public grounds and other public
                  facilities to serve the citizens of the community.





                 Citizen Participation Considerations

                 The public involvement general goal is to encourage continuous
                 discussion    among   residents and business owners concerning the
                 development of the community and encourage their participation in
                 public affairs.

                 The public involvement specific objectives are to:
                     have all business meetings of the Planning Commission, the Board
                     of Supervisors, and other public bodies in the community open to
                     the public;
                     stimulate the interest of residents and business owners in local
                     public affairs and encourage their attendance at meetings of
                     local public bodies; and
                     encourage    increased participation by residents and business
                     owners at public meetings.

                 Environmental Considerations

                 The environmental general goal is to preserve and enhance the natural
                 and cultural environments of the community.

                 The environmental specific objectives are to:
                     protect unique geologic, vegetative and other ecological areas to
                     ensure variety in the environment, to serve as outdoor education
                     resources,    to   guard against damage to life and education
                     resources, to guard against damage to life and property, and to
                     preserve the natural amenities;
                     protect    the groundwater resources in those areas that are
                     dependent upon on-lot wells for potable water by such methods as
                     restricting the type and density of development in recharge
                     areas; and
                     discourage encroachment upon lake bluff and shorelines, streams
                     and their flood plains and wetlands, ponds, and high water table
                     areas that threaten to degrade the natural condition of their
                     waters and/or banks.

                 Energy Conservation Considerations

                 The   energy    conservation    general    goal   is to promote energy
                 conservation as a matter of serious public concern.

                 The energy conservation specific objectives are to:
                     exercise public responsibility in providing direction to energy
                     conservation efforts in the community;
                     promulgate efficient land use patterns that lead to efficient
                     energy utilization:
                     adopt land use and development controls, building codes and
                     similar regulations that promote energy efficiencies and revise
                     or eliminate those that cause or encourage wasteful energy
                     consumption:
                     utilize alternate energy sources in all new governmental and
                     institutional buildings when feasible;
                     encourage the use of alternate energy sources in all other
                     public, residential, commercial, and industrial structures in the
                     community: and
                     encourage all residents to adopt an energy conservation attitude.

                                                     -2-






                Aesthetic Considerations

                The aesthetic goal is to enrich the lives of all residents in the
                community by seeking to improve the aesthetic quality and visual
                impact of the man-made environment and by preserving and enhancing
                the  natural environment.

                The  aesthetic specific objectives are to:
                     prevent the desecration of the scenic elements such as dense
                     woodlands,   water bodies, and steep slopes and hilltops by
                     relating all development to natural features;
                     encourage the elimination, isolation, or screening of all visual
                     distractions created by people;
                     encourage the use of landscaping and conservation practices to
                     enhance the visual quality of the man-made environment;
                     encourage   placing    utilities underground when practical and
                     encourage   attractive    design   or blending with the natural
                     environment when underground placement is not practical;
                     encourage the protection of scenic views and vistas; and
                     control the use of signs in terms of number, type, size and
                     location, and encourage aesthetics and attractiveness in their
                     design.

                Economic Considerations

                The economic general goal is to establish a diversified and enduring
                business structure in the community which provides residents with a
                variety of employment opportunities while at the same time preserving
                a healthful, secure, and pleasant residential environment.

                The  economic specific objectives are to:
                     provide for future commercial and industrial development by
                     reserving adequate land areas through various methods, such as
                     zoning, planned unit development, office and industrial pa'rk
                     development;
                     provide   for the concentration of commercial and industrial
                     developments within selected areas by designating these areas in
                     the land use plan and supported by land use regulations;
                     provide the necessary infrastructure that encourages business and
                     industrial development, such as utilities, streets, police and
                     fire protection;
                     reserve the economic development potential of the PA 430/1-90 and
                     PA 531/1-90 interchanges by retaining these areas for businesses
                     and industries;
                     discourage the intrusion of residential uses into existing and
                     proposed commercial industrial areas; and
                     establish and perpetuate a public and private sector relationship
                     conducive to local economic development.

                Housing Considerations

                The housing general goal is to provide adequate housing for the
                present and future residents of the community.




                                                    -3-






                 The housing specific objectives are to:
                     increase the supply of decent, safe and sanitary housing in price
                     ranges affordable to a wide spectrum of residents:
                     provide for diversity in housing types and residential areas so
                     that every family has a choice with respect to residential
                     environment and life-style;
                     preserve the existing sound housing stock through public and
                     private actions and incentives that encourage housing upkeep;
                     eliminate. all    dilapidated housing units by removing those units
                     beyond salvage and by rehabilitating those deteriorating housing
                     units that can be feasibly restored to sound condition; and
                     preserve    the   residential    character and quality of viable
                     residential areas.

                 Transportation Considerations

                 The transportation general goal is to provide the safe and convenient
                 circulation and movement of goods and people within the community.

                 The transportation specific objectives are to:
                     provide for the separation of the local and three traffic in
                     order to facilitate movement both within the community and
                     between the neighboring municipalities;
                     coordinate    and integrate the transportation systems of the
                     community with that of the State;
                     provide    for   pedestrian walkways and non-motorized bikeways
                     wherever warranted;
                     provide for adequate off-street parking in all types of future
                     developments;
                     provide public mass transit services for those without cars and
                     as a viable option to the private automobiles; and
                     provide adequate streets and highway systems in all future
                     residential, commercial and industrial subdivisions.

                 Community Facilities and Utilities Considerations

                 The general goal for facilities, services, and utilities in the
                 community is to provide the quantity and quality necessary to meet
                 the physical, social, cultural, recreational, and esthetic needs of
                 the community and to do so in a timely and fiscally responsible
                 manner.

                 The community facilities and utilities specific objectives are to:
                     provide adequate police and fire protection;
                     provide    adequate   water,    sewage, and solid waste/recycling
                     services in all areas where existing or planned development or
                     population densities warrants such services:
                     provide adequate public school facilities, including buildings
                     and grounds that can serve as multi-use facilities;
                     provide a community recreation program and facilities based on
                     the needs and desires of the local residents;
                     promote the regional recreational potential within Harborcreek
                     with State assistance on the development of regional facilities
                     at Shades Beach Township Park which is the primary municipal
                     access to Lake Erie within the community, and
                     provide facilities and utilities in an orderly and timely manner
                     by annually updating the Capital Improvements Program and Capital
                     Budget to reflect the public facility needs of the community.
                                                     -4-







                 Land Use Considerations

                 The land use general goal is to provide and perpetuate a land use
                 pattern    in    the   corfrnun i ty which includes a wide variety of
                 interrelated land uses in proper proportion, which is able to
                 function    efficiently,     which    features    an    optimum    degree of
                 compatibility between land uses and between development and natural
                 environment, and which enhances the orderly timing of development.

                 The  land use specific objectives are to:
                      prevent undesirable land use relationships by avoiding the mixing
                      of    incompatible     uses,    yet   still    maintain      neighborhood
                      conveniences;
                      encourage the concentration of land uses in discernible clusters
                      and   limit both strip development and irregularly dispersed
                      development patterns;
                      discourage the indiscriminate spread of commercial and industrial
                      uses, particularly the encroachment of these uses upon existing
                      or future residential areas;
                      discourage the adverse sprawl of higher and medium density
                      residential development-,
                      promote    innovative    development     concepts    such    as planned
                      residential developments which encourage variety in neighborhood
                      and architectural design; and
                      employ appropriate land use controls to guide future uses and
                      densities of development in accordance with the accompanying plan
                      elements.

































                                                       -5-







                                                 CHAPTER 2


                                               HOUSING PLAN

                Introduction

                Housing plays a major role in all our lives. For most households, it
                is the single largest investment. Its quality and location affect
                security, happiness and stability of families and have serious
                implications    for   the    economic and social well being of our
                communities.    When families buy housing, they purchase or rent more
                than the dwelling unit and its characteristics. They are concerned
                with such factors as health, security, privacy, status, neighborhood
                and social relations, community facilities and services, access to
                jobs, and the physical environment.

                The   availability    of safe, sound and attractive housing is a
                significant community resource.       If a community has an adequate
                supply of sound housing and the potential to expand its housing stock
                according to future needs, it is usually considered as a desirable
                place to live and raise a family. However, if the present housing
                stock   is    physically and functionally substandard with minimal
                opportunity for rehabilitation efforts or the construction of new
                housing   units, then a community, or a           neighborhood within a
                particular community, may be considered as an undesirable living area
                or environment.     The following recommendations will help to achieve
                the Goals and Objectives of the Comprehensive Plan.

                General Recommendations

                There are numerous reasons why a municipal government should be
                concerned whether the local supply of affordable housing is adequate
                for those who live or work in the municipality now, and adequate for
                new residents and workers of the future. There are legal reasons
                that require local officials to address affordable housing in the
                planning   and    administration    of   community change.     There are
                convincing     economic  reasons for many communities to encourage
                investment in affordable housing. Also, there are compelling social
                obligations that community leaders assume when they act on behalf of
                the whole community's future.

                Of course, municipal governments cannot single-handedly solve their
                housing affordability problems.       They are not the only responsible
                agent nor are they the only agent of change. Furthermore, the tools
                at their disposal (in the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code)
                are limited and must also be used to protect and provide for many
                additional public interests. This suggests that, at the very least,
                an effective affordable housing strategy should be developed within
                the   framework    of   the    comprehensive planning process and in
                coordination with other municipalities and agencies. The State and
                local Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategies should also
                serve as a reference.






                Not surprisingly, many of the basic principles that underlie sound
                planni'ng practice also apply to developing a workable affordable
                housing strategy. Regardless of the specific problems identified and
                the goals set, the following basic pointers should serve municipal
                leaders well as they begin to strategize and make decisions about
                affordable housing.

                    Keep. a long-term perspective on both the problems and solutions
                    for affordable housing. The problem will not be going away soon,
                    nor will short-term or token solutions prove adequate or lasting.

                    Periodically    review    the   status of the housing need, the
                    conditions of the marketplace, and the effectiveness of municipal
                    approaches.     Many   factors beyond the control of municipal
                    government contribute to both household income levels and housing
                    prices. Build a periodic review into the long-range strategy.

                    Balance affordable housing initiatives with other valid public
                    interests.    It is possible to preserve the character of a
                    community and its significant natural landscape, and at the same
                    time accommodate the housing needs of all income groups. This
                    requires an integrated, comprehensive approach to planning and
                    zoning.

                    Provide a flexible orientation to the problem. Encourage new
                    approaches or innovations, rather than a single proscriptive
                    approach wtlich may defeat the very intent of incentives for
                    private afforddble housing development. There is no "right" way,
                    but rather many different partial solutions that need a conducive
                    environment in which to operate.

                    Seek cooperation with nearby municipalities and agencies, if not
                    in the form of intermunicipal planning, at least in coordinating
                    data collection on market conditions. The sooner municipalities
                    can work together and provide more opportunities for affordable
                    housing development, the smaller the individual municipal burden
                    becomes.

                    Communicate with the public early on and keep them informed of
                    study findings, proposed strategies and progress in program
                    development.    It is up to municipal leadership to convey the
                    social responsibility, the legal obligation, and the economic
                    necessities behind the provision of housing for all income
                    groups.     The   burden    falls to local officials to correct
                    misinformation and to educate the public about difficult policy
                    choices.

                    Finally, acknowledge the unrepresented constituency of present
                    and future residents.       There may be people now working in the
                    community but unable to live there, parents or children of
                    current residents who someday may want to live near their family,
                    as well as an unborn generation to be housed in the next twenty
                    years.    And there are people already living in unaffordable
                    housing with no apparent future alternative but overcrowded,
                    unstable situations, public shelters, or finally homelessness.
                    This hidden constituency has essentially no voice in the planning
                    process, yet should be given some standing in the ongoing
                    decisions    being   made    for the future of their community.
                                                    -2-






                 The Harborcreek Township Comprehensive Plan has integrated affordable
                 housing    into    growth    and    land use policies, and discourages
                 discriminatory and exclusionary uses of housing resources. The Plan
                 further recommends that amendments to the Township Zoning Ordinance,
                 Zoning Map, Subdivision Regulations, and housing related codes which
                 will implement this Plan, provide for reduced regulatory barriers to
                 the development and preservation of affordable housing, and to
                 provide viable alternatives to the pervasive reliance on separate
                 single family houses on individually maintained parcels.

                 Demonstration ProJects

                 To   the extent that both neighborhood resistance and developer
                 skepticism are obstacles to the development of affordable housing,
                 Harborcreek Township officials should support local demonstration
                 projects.    In this way, the municipality can demonstrate to the
                 public as well as to private investors the financial viability, the
                 ability for design intergration, the natural demand for such housing,
                 and the compatible nature of its occupants.

                 Financial participation could include the commitment of Community
                 Development Block Grant funds, the donation of publicly owned land,
                 or   the    use    of special County or State funding allocations.
                 Regulatory incentives could include: relaxed or more flexible zoning
                 and subdivision standards (e.g., narrower setbacks, cartway widths,
                 and buffers; revised parking, paving and landscaping requirements;
                 reduced detail on plans and pre-application studies); reduction of
                 various    exactions     (e.g.,    impact   fees, off-site improvements,
                 mandatory dedications); streamlined review and permitting process;
                 and/or    acceptance    of    cost    effective    housing techniques and
                 construction standards.

                 In exchange for such public participation, the demonstration project
                 partners should assure adequate sale price reductions and long-term
                 affordability guarantees appropriate to the identified income groups
                 to be served by the developments. Depending on the household income
                 level being targeted, more or less financial subsidy will be needed.
                 Clearly, the intent of such developments should be to maximize the
                 regulatory relief and minimize the direct public funding needed.
















                                                       -3-







                                                   CHAPTER 3


                                             TRANSPORTATION PLAN

                 Introduction

                 This portion of the Comprehensive Plan concerns the transportation
                 improvements for Harborcreek Township. These recommendations are
                 designed to supplement the intent of the following Land Use Plan and
                 in many instances play an integral part in the promotion of specific
                 land use recommendations. When completed, these improvements will
                 help to achieve the Goals and Objectives of the Comprehensive Plan.

                 The specific descriptions of the transportation-related problems and
                 potential are discussed in the Transportation Analysis section of
                 the companion document, the Harborcreek Township Background Analysis
                 1994.    In    general, these problems concern pedestrian/vehicular
                 safety, bottlenecks, signing/signalization deficiencies, a nearly
                 non-existent sidewalk system, and incomplete segments of the highway
                 system.    Also included are transportation facilities to promote
                 future    residential and business development, and to alleviate
                 congestion in anticipation of future large scale development.

                 The    various transportation recommendations are delineated both
                 generally     and     specifically   for    Harborcreek Township on the
                 accompanying Long Range Highway System Plan Map, the Long Range
                 Signalization and Rail'road System Plan Map, and the Long Range
                 Recreation     and    Walk/Bike Way System Plan Map. The following
                 narrative     describes    and    explains    the    mapped transportation
                 improvements, which are made to correct basic problems, to upgrade
                 the street system as the opportunities present themselves, and/or to
                 implement when the necessity requires it.              A functionally and
                 visually     improved    local    transportation     highway    system will
                 accommodate increases in traffic volume and the larger demand for
                 vehicular parking, as growth and diversification occur within the
                 various sectors of.Harborcreek Township specifically, and within the
                 Erie Urbanized Area in general.






                Official Highway System

                It   is    recommended     that  the Pennsylvania Highway Functional
                Classification System, which was adopted officially by the State in-
                late 1994, be recognized, and is as follows. See the accompanying
                Short Range Highway System Map.


                     PENNSYLVANIA OFFICIAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN HARBORCREEK TOWNSHIP

                CLASSIFICATION        ROAD NAME            FROM                TO
                Principal Arterial   Interstate 90      Greene Twp.      Greenfield Twp.
                                     Station Rd.        Wesleyville      Interstate 90
                                     Buffalo Rd.        Wesleyville      Hannon Rd.

                Minor Arterial

                                     Station Rd.        Interstate 90    Greenfield Twp.
                                     Buffalo Rd.        Hannon Rd.       North East Twp.
                                     East Lake Rd.      Lawrence Park    Troupe Rd.
                                     Iroquois Ave.      Lawrence Park    Buffalo Rd.
                                     Depot Rd.          Buffalo Rd.      Interstate 90
                                     East 38th St.      Shannon Rd.      City of Erie
                                     Hannon Rd.         Station Rd.      Buffalo Rd.
                                     Walbridge  Rd.     Buffalo Rd.      East Lake Rd.
                                     Nagle Rd.          Station Rd.      Buffalo.Rd.
                                     Shannon Rd.        Norcross Rd.     Wesleyville
                                     Norcross Rd.       Shannon Rd.      Millcreek Twp.
                Major Collector      East Lake Rd.      Troupe Rd.       North East Twp.
                                     Depot Rd.          Interstate 90    Station Rd.
                                     Kuhl Rd.           Station Rd.      Greene Twp.
                                     Reese Rd.          Station Rd.      Hannon Rd.
                                     Cooper Rd.         Shannon Rd.      Station Rd.
                                     Saltsman Rd.       Station Rd.      Buffalo Rd.
                                     Ridge Parkway      Nagle Rd.        Hannon Rd.
                                     Nagle Rd.          Buffalo Rd.      East Lake Rd.
                                     Boyer Rd.          Iroquois Ave.    East Lake Rd.
                                     Troupe Rd.         Iroquois Ave.    East Lake Rd.
                                     Bartlett Rd.       Buffalo Rd.      East Lake Rd.
                Minor Collector      Wales Rd.          Station.Rd.      Greene Twp.
                                     Moorheadville Rd.  East Lake Rd.    North East Twp.
                                     Clark Rd.          Depot Rd.        Buffalo Rd.
                                     Davison Rd.        Depot Rd.        Buffalo Rd.
                                     Belle Rd.          Depot Rd.        North East Twp.

                Local Road

                                     All publicly maintained streets not listed above.

                                                      2






                 State Highway System Improvements

                 There are upcoming circumstances and projects that will directly
                 affect the highway system in Harborcreek Township between now and
                 the long range future.          There will be significant growth in the
                 various land uses, with up to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent
                 increases anticipated for commercial, residential, institutional,
                 industrial and recreational uses respectively. In addition to the
                 general land use changes with the expected traffic increases, a
                 number of specific highway system projects will alter traffic
                 patterns      from   mildly    to dramatically.       These highway system
                 improvement recommendations are as follows. See the accompanying
                 Long Range Highway System Plan Map.

                 CLASSIFICATION          ROAD NAME             FROM                 TO

                 Principal Arterial Eastside Access Interstate 90             City of Erie
                                        Highway                               (Bayfront Pkwy)

                                       Buffalo Rd.          Timber Lane       new Iroquois
                                                                              Ave./Depot Rd.
                                                                              intersection

                 Minor Arterial        Depot Rd.            Interstate   90   new Iroquois
                                                                              Ave./Depot Rd.
                                                                              intersection

                                       Nagle Rd.            Buffalo Rd.       Iroquois Ave.

                 Major Collector       Depot Rd.            Interstate   90   Route 430

                                       Boyer Rd.            Sixmile Creek     bridge
                                                                              replacement

                 Minor Collector       Shades Beach Dr.     East Lake Rd.     Lake Erie
                                                                              shoreline

                                       Harborcreek Safe     Shades Beach Dr. Lake Erie
                                       Harbor/Boat Ramp                          shoreline

                                       Shorewood Dr.        East Lake Rd.     Lake Erie
                                                                              shoreline

                                       Municipal Dr.        Iroquois Ave.     Firman Rd.

                 The "Eastside Access Highway" (unofficial name)             is planned, as of
                 today, to be a four lane controlled access road (with no land access
                 along its length like an interstate) running between 1-90. in
                 Harborcreek to the Bayfront Parkway in the City of Erie in a
                 corridor alongside a railroad line for most of its length in the
                 medium range future. Five intersections are recommended that affect
                 Harborcreek:         at   1-90,    at 'Hannon/Old      Station     Roads,     at
                 Station/Jordan Roads, at Shannon Road, and at East 38th Street (just
                 west    of     the   Township      line).    Related    highway improvement
                 recommendations are: the relocation of the Hannon Road intersection
                 farther north (away from the 1-90 interchange area), the retention


                                                         3






                 of "Old Station Road" between Jordan and Hannon Roads, the creation
                 of an intersection of Hannon and Old Station Roads at a single point
                 on the Eastside Access Highway, the creation of an intersection of
                 Station Road and Jordan Road at a single point on the Eastside
                 Access Highway, and the closing (to vehicular traffic) of Cooper
                 Road just east of Fourmile Creek when all of the above improvements
                 have been completed in Harborcreek Township.

                 Buffalo Road (Route 20) is recommended to be straightened to connect
                 directly with itself at Iroquois Avenue (Route 955) immediately
                 north of the existing railroad underpasses utilizing a new railroad
                 underpass starting as far west as Timber Lane in the long range
                 future.

                 Depot Road (Route 531) is planned to be thoroughly improved with
                 cartway widening, vertical curve flattening and horizontal curve
                 straightening from Route 20 to Route 430 in the medium range
                 future.   The most significant of these improvements is recommended
                 to be straightening Depot Road to connect directly to the new Route
                 20/Iroquois Avenue intersection utilizing the existing railroad
                 underpass.   Also, Garfield Road and the Junior-Senior High School
                 entrance are recommended to intersect at a single point on this new
                 se ction of Depot Road.

                 Nagle Road is planned to be reconnected between Buffalo Road (Route
                 20) and Iroquois Avenue (Route 955) utilizing a new railroad
                 overpass in the short range future. It is also recommended that the
                 proposed bridge be wide enough to accommodate a walk/bike path.

                 Shades Beach Drive is under construction to connect East Lake Road
                 (Route 5) and Bartlett Road to the regional recreational facilities
                 of Shades Beach Park and to the Lake Erie shoreline in the immediate
                 future.

                 Harborcreek Safe Harbor and Boat Ramp are planned to be developed to
                 connect the highway system directly with primary public boating
                 transportation facilities and the waters of Lake Erie in the medium
                 range future.

                 Shorewood Drive is recommended to be improved to connect East Lake
                 Road (Route 5) and Moorheadville Road to the local recreational
                 facilities of Twelvemile Creek Park and to the Lake Erie shoreline,
                 and to connect the highway system directly with secondary public
                 boating transportation facilities and the waters of Lake Erie in the
                 long range future.

                 Municipal Drive is recommended to be developed to connect the
                 physically    separated northern neighborhoods and highway system
                 directly with the Harborcreek Municipal and Community Services
                 Complex and with the primary local recreational facilities of
                 Harborcreek Community Park in the medium range future.

                 Boyer Road is planned to have the Sixmile Creek bridge replaced and
                 realigned in the short range future. It is also recommended that
                 the proposed bridge be wide enough to accommodate a walk/bike path,
                 and that the guardrail portion be of timber/log construction to
                 assist in promoting the rural aesthetic character of the Township.

                                                      4






                State Highway system Signalization Improvements

                Just as important as improving the overall highway system with
                better aligned and new connections, improving the traffic flow
                within the highway system is significant as well. The signalization
                and   channelization     recommendations    are as follows.      See the
                accompanying Long Range Signalization and Railroad System Plan Map.

                Long range general signalization and channelization recommendations
                correspond     to    a   hierarchy    of   highway    classification     at
                intersections:    the higher classification is the thru traffic road;
                equal classifications intersecting, then the higher traffic volume
                is    the   thru   traffic road; any classification with a major
                commercial/institutional entrance, then the classification is the
                thru traffic road; strings of signals should be synchronized;
                signals should be traffic activated for low volume roads and/or time
                periods; right turn lanes should be provided at all arterial-to-
                arterial    intersections; left lanes should be provided at all
                classification-to-classification      intersections;    highway     signals
                should be synchronized and traffic activated with nearby railroad
                signals;    all   highway    classification    at-grade crossings with
                railroads should be fully signed and signaled and gated: all fire
                and police stations located on any classification should have
                emergency activated signals and left turn lanes.

                Specific signalization recommendations include: a continuous left
                turn lane on Buffalo Road (Route 20) from the Fourmile Creek bridge
                to the Sixmile Creek bridge; and create a close working relationship
                between    the   Harborcreek    and PennDOT officials in the early
                development stages of the small number of intersections that the
                Township will have with the new Eastside Access Highway.

                Of note, all signalization and channelization improvements on the
                highway system require PennDOT intersection feasibility studies to
                objectively determine whether an improvement is justified and to
                what type and number of improvements are necessary to assist in
                maximizing traffic flow. These improvements are not authorized for
                speed control.

                Harborcreek Transportation System Improvements

                Harborcreek Township officials maintain all dedicated local streets,
                which represent the bulk of the road miles in the municipality. The
                local transportation system improvements are as follows: continue
                the on-going program to upgrade all municipally owned roads in both
                pavement    type    and width to Township specification standards;
                continue the on-going program for repair and maintenance; expand the
                on-going snow removal contract program for state owned roads which
                greatly accelerate response time; continue and limit the on-going
                safety street light program to include all road intersections;
                continue the on-going street name sign program at all intersections.







                                                      5






                The most significant local transportation improvement recommendation
                is the creation of a municipally maintained walk/bike path system
                connecting all developed and developing areas in the Township that
                will substitute for the traditional privately maintained sidewalk
                system for the more densely populated areas. The new walk/bike path
                system will eventually tie in with the existing Seaway Trails
                system, to all long range community-wide recreational facilities,
                and to adjacent developed municipalities.         This roadside concept
                will greatly enhance the distinctive rural aesthetic character of
                the Township, while providing for the pedestrian transportation
                needs of the urban, suburban and village residents of the community
                with   consistent    and   continuous   maintenance year round.        In
                conjunction with the walk/bike path concept, all new and replacement
                bridges, tubes and culverts should be designed or replaced so that
                they can accommodate a walk/bike path; and all new or replaced
                guardrails should be of timber/log construction to reflect the rural
                aesthetic character of the Township. An artistic conception of one
                segment   of    the proposed walk/bike path can be seen on the
                accompanying Transportation Corridor Parkway Map, while the entire
                proposed pedestrian system can be seen in the following Community
                Facilities Plan chapter on the Long Range Recreation and Walk/Bike
                Way System Plan Map.
































                                                    6





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                                                CHAPTER 4


                                 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES PLAN

                Introduction

                This portion of the Comprehensive Plan concerns the public and semi-
                public   services    improvements   for Harborcreek Township.       These
                recommendations    are   designed to supplement the intent of the
                preceding Transportation Plan and the following Land Use Plan, and in
                many instances play an       integral part in the promotion of specific
                land use recommendations.      When completed, these improvements will
                help to achieve the Goals and Objectives of the Comprehensive Plan.

                It is important to note that the recommendations concentrate on the
                future physical development of the various community facilities and
                public utility facilities, not on the purpose or function or internal
                administration of the services being provided. The need or desire of
                these services to acquire land or expand, maintain, reduce or vacate
                existing buildings and/or grounds all have a definite affect on land
                use patterns.

                This Community Facilities and Utilities Plan is the result of the
                inventory and analysis presented in the companion document, the
                Harborcreek Township B ckground- Analysis 1994. It is important to
                state that the land use related policies endorsed here by the
                Harborcreek officials have been carefully weighed between the general
                public interest and the services' rights in the use of their land.
                The following recommendations are given for each type of public or
                semi-public service that may significantly affect land Use patterns
                in the Township.      The general recommendations that follow are basic
                concepts   for    the   specific recommendations for the individual
                services.

                Cooperation, Coordination and Collaboration

                A general recommendation for community facility and public utility
                agencies in Harborcreek Township is the use of the above three
                concepts when developing plans for projects and implementing programs
                which may affect other public or semi-public services. (An example
                might be a church desires to acquire land for recreational facilities
                that are already being adequately provided for by another church, a
                Township Park and the School District.) The duplication of effort
                that may result and the cost of new acquisition and facilities can be
                an inappropriate use of tax dollars and/or donated funds.               By
                cooperating, coordinating and collaborating on similar. projects,
                public and semi-public services can provide better, and even more,
                programs with fewer facilities on less land in the long range future.

                Of note, a copy of the 50 page PA DCA publication "Intergovernmental
                Cooperation Handbook" has been provided to the Harborcreek officials
                and is made part of this Plan by reference.







                 Consolidation

                 Another general recommendation along the same line of thought is the
                 sharing    of   responsibility.      Where the previous recommendation
                 primarily involves future projects and programs, this recommendation
                 concerns     duplicated   existing    services and facilities.        It is
                 commonplace that two or more nearby community facility or utility
                 agencies perform similar functions and duties.             It is much less
                 common where such services have made the effort to "combine forces"
                 to   make    one service from two.         (An example of that is the
                 Northwestern School District in western Erie County was formed from
                 the union of the Springfield School District and the Albion Area
                 School District.)      By consolidating, whether shared services or
                 combined    functions    or entire entities, public and semi-public
                 services can better serve the residents of their communities in the
                 long range future.

                 Harborcreek Municipal Services

                 The recommendations for the maintenance of full public service are as
                 follows.    Refer to the Land Use Plan Map, the Transportation Plan
                 Maps, the Recreation and Walk/Bike Way Plan Map, and the Public
                 Utility Plan Maps for visual location of improvements.

                 Buildings and Administration

                 The Harborcreek Garage and property are correct in location and ample
                 in   size.     Any    necessary    building    expansion can readily be
                 accommodated. The number of personnel is adequate at this time
                 considering the numerous responsibilities of servicing the Township's
                 buildings, grounds, parks, vehicles, and street, sewer, water and
                 storm sewer systems, etc. Additional full-time workers that may be
                 hired in the future can be readily accommodated at the existing
                 Garage.    It is recommended that the name of this building be changed
                 to the "Harborcreek Township Physical Services Building" to reflect
                 its comprehensive maintenance function.

                 The Harborcreek Municipal Building and property are correct in
                 location, and just adequate in size considering that the building
                 houses the entire municipal administrative staff and a number of
                 community service agencies. Any necessary building expansion can be
                 readily accommodated west and north of the current facility. Also,
                 the number of personnel for the administration is just adequate. In
                 addition to the current administrative staff, it is recommended that
                 a full-time planner position be established in the short range future
                 to devote concentrated effort in: assisting the Harborcreek Planning
                 Commission in its ever increasing subdivision/zoning review and
                 planning related responsibilities; assisting the Municipal Authority
                 as staff member; implementing the various recommendations within the
                 Comprehensive      Plan   through    grant    applications    and     project
                 administration; and developing and maintaining updated land use
                 related ordinances and building related codes. It is recommended
                 that the name of the building be changed to the "Harborcreek Township
                 Municipal and Community Services Building" to reflect its multi-
                 purpose function.      When the complex is expanded to accommodate
                 additional or expanded public services in the long range future, the
                 building should be divided into distinct municipal and community-
                 related wings.






                It is recommended that the Harborcreek Township officials initiate
                and organize the municipal walk/bike way system program with PennDOT
                and the various public, semi-public, and private recreational service
                providers in the community.

                Shades Beach Township Park

                Public fishing and boating access to Lake Erie, between the City of
                Erie and the New York State border, is severely limited. Private
                ownership of most of this 20 mile length of shoreline, along with the
                region's natural bluffs, limits the number of access areas available
                in this area of the coastal zone. However, Shades Beach Township
                Park is being utilized for limited public access and has been
                identified as having a potential for much more significant use.
                Redevelopment of the 27 acre Shades Beach site should greatly
                increase the public boating and fishing opportunities in this portion
                of Lake Erie together with providing a beach for swimming and other
                recreational uses.

                A study prepared in 1982 which was funded through the Pennsylvania
                Coastal Zone Management, indicates that public boating demands on
                Lake Erie are high.      Sportfishing pressure on Lake Erie has also
                increased dramatically with the improvements in water quality and the
                development of an active trout and salmon stocking program. While
                the   existing access facilities provide limited but significant
                recreational opportunities, they are not adequate to meet the growing
                demand for recreational boating and fishing access to Lake Erie
                waters.

                In order to better meet this need, Harborcreek Township officials
                commissioned a study to determine the projected levels of use of the
                park if certain improvements were made (See Community Facilities
                section of the Background Analysis for more information.). In 1993,
                a report entitled the "Shades Beach Overall Development Plan and On-
                Shore Improvements Final Design and Engineering Study" laid out the
                short and long-term improvements to be made at the park. Due to the
                scope and costs of the proposed improvements at Shades Beach Township
                Park, the various work activities will be undertaken in five primary
                phases and a number of sub-phases. See the accompanying plot plan
                and the Long Range Recreation and Walk/Bike Way System Plan Map.

                Phase I:    Phase I, which is estimated to cost $135,000, is scheduled
                to begin in the Spring     of 1995. It involves the reconstruction of
                approximately 1,200 feet of the entrance road from State Route 5 to
                the main parking lot.      The new roadway will have improved vertical
                alignment, significantly   improved drainage, new shoulders and new
                guide rails. Harborcreek Township officials anticipate that this
                phase will be completed by October of 1995.

                Phase II:    Phase II activities, estimated to cost $250,000, are
                expected to begin in the Spring of 1996 and terminate in 1997. This
                portion of the project has been broken down into two sub-phases.
                Phase IIA activities will include the construction and paving of
                approximately 375 feet of two lane roadway from the Phase I project
                limits to the north end of the main parking lot as well as the
                eastern portion of the main parking lot. Phase IIB activities will
                include   the   construction and    paving of the western portion of
                the main parking lot and the 400 foot long roadway from the parking
                                                  3






                 lot to the beach. The improvements will involve extensive grading of
                 the lot and roadway, installation of guide rails and storm drainage
                 facilities,    widening    of    the   road to the beach and utility
                 installation/relocation.

                 Phase III:     Phase III, estimated to cost $135,000, is expected to
                 begin in 1998.       This phase will involve the construction of the new
                 return road from the launch ramp to the western side of the main
                 parking lot.     This phase should be constructed at the same time as
                 Phase IV since, without Phase IV improvements, Phase III becomes
                 unnecessary.    The authors of the 1993 study recommend that the off-
                 shore breakwater be in place prior to construction of the road in
                 order to provide protection to that section of the road nearest the
                 beach and most vulnerable to storm and wave action.

                 Phase IV: Phase IV, estimated to cost approximately $1.2 million, is
                 expected to begin in 1998. This phase will involve the construction
                 of   the    off-shore    improvements.     These    will consist of two
                 breakwaters, the launch ramp and the docks. The first breakwater
                 will be 124 feet long and will be located approximately 180 feet off-
                 shore.    This breakwater is intended to help establish a beach area
                 immediately to the west of the "L" shaped breakwater which will be
                 attached to the shore. The "L" shaped breakwater will enclose a 180
                 feet by 240 feet safe harbor area and a 180 feet wide launch ramp.
                 The launch ramp will be able to accommodate 10 boat trailers at a
                 time.    Given the cost of the project, the Township may decide to
                 construct    only five of the launch ramp stalls initially. The
                 remaining stalls will be constructed as public demand dictates.

                 Phase V:     The Phase V improvements will not be required until Phase
                 IV is completed since the Phase V improvements will directly support
                 the increased levels of public usage of the park generated by Phases
                 I through IV.       The improvements planned for Phase V, which are
                 estimated to cost nearly $700,000, may be broken into three sub-
                 phases.    Phase V-A involves the construction of a new bath house,
                 along with sanitary sewage/wastewater disposal facilities. Phase V-B
                 involves the installation of parking lot and ramp lighting, and Phase
                 V-C involves the construction of a 300+ space overflow parking lot
                 connected to the south end of the main parking lot. Work on these
                 remaining improvements is projected to begin in 1998 and be completed
                 by the year 2003.

                 User Fees:     It is anticipated that the Township will adopt user fees
                 which will be used for debt repayment and maintenance for Shades
                 Beach Township Park.       Once project loans are paid, the Township
                 expects to reduce the user fee to cover only maintenance costs.











                                                      4














                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 OPOSED
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                 Nonpoint Source Pollution

                 Water    quality remains one of the most important environmental
                 problems facing the United States. In coastal areas, beach closures,
                 prohibitions     on   harvesting     shellfish, and loss of biological
                 productivity in coastal habitats are evidence of water quality
                 impairment.     Based on an assessment of 75% of United States estuarine
                 waters, current best estimates are that 35% of these waters are
                 impaired and 10% are threatened.

                 Coastal waters are affected by both point and nonpoint sources of
                 pollution, with the latter a significant and, in many cases, the
                 dominant form of pollution in a given water body. Nonpoint source
                 pollution    generally     results    from    land runoff, precipitation,
                 atmospheric      deposition,     drainage,      seepage     or      hydrologic
                 modification.     Technically, the term "nonpoint source" is defined to
                 mean any source of water         pollution that does not meet the legal
                 definition of "point source" in section 502(14) of the Clean Water
                 Act. That definition states:

                      The term "point source" means any discernible, confined and
                      discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe,
                      ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure,
                      container,    rolling    stock,    concentrated     animal- feeding
                      operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which
                      pollutants are or may be d        'ischarged.   This term does not
                      include agricultural storm water discharges and return flows
                      from irrigated agriculture.

                 Nonpoint pollution is the pollution of our nation's waters caused by
                 rainfall or snowfall moving over and through the ground. As the
                 runoff moves, it picks up and carries away natural pollutants and
                 pollutants resulting from human activity, finally depositing them
                 into lakes, rivers, wetlands coastal waters, and ground waters. In
                 addition, hydrologic modification is a form of nonpoint source
                 pollution that often adversely affects the biological and physical
                 integrity of surface waters.

                 NPS pollution comes from diffuse sources and can be traced to
                 activities of daily living.          For example, stormwater runoff from
                 parking lots can carry sediment, oil and pollutants to lakes,
                 streams, and other coastal waters.

                 In response to our nation's continuing water quality problems,
                 Congress, -in its 1990 reauthorization of the Coastal Zone Management
                 Act, recognized the harmful effects of NPS pollution on coastal
                 waters.    Section 6217 of the Act, the Coastal Nonpoint Source
                 Program, requires States with approved coastal zone programs to
                 mitigate   nonpoint sources of pollution that have an impact on or
                 threaten   coastal waters.      Consequently, Pennsylvania is required to
                 ensure that adequate measures are available to reduce NPS pollution
                 in its two Coastal Zones - located in the Delaware Estuary and Lake
                 Erie.    Pennsylvania has been directed to include in its program the
                 tributary streams to its coastal waters, including the Schuylkill
                 River in southeastern Pennsylvania, and the Lake Erie tributaries.



                                                        6






                 The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic
                 and Atmospheric Administration (NOW have identified management
                 measures that will provide guidance to the States as they address NPS
                 pollution.   The proposed document guidance groups NPS into five major
                 categories, which include:       urban runoff, agriculture, forestry,
                 marinas and hydromodification. In addition, the loss and degradation
                 of wetlands and riparian areas has had an adverse impact on coastal
                 water quality, so these areas are addressed as well, immediately
                 following the management measures summary for hydromodification. The
                 management measures for each of these five major types of pollutant
                 source groups, which are delineated below, are described in terms of
                 management systems rather than individual practices. Many of these
                 systems include actions that reduce the generation of pollutants - a
                 preventive approach - as well as actions to keep pollutants from
                 reaching surface or groundwaters.        This type of approach can be
                 favorably compared to the use of treatment "trains" or a series of
                 treatment steps used in most point source waste treatment systems.

                 In addition to management measures, the guidance document also
                 describes   practices    which    are   illustrative of more specific
                 approaches that may be taken to implement the more broadly described
                 management measures. All of the following information has been taken
                 from   a   series    of briefs entitled Coastal Nonpoint Pollution
                 Management -Measures Guidance, published by the U.S. Environmental
                 Protection Agency in January, 1993.

                 The   five   major    types    of pollutant source groups and their
                 accompanying management measures are as follows:

                 Agriculture. The primary agricultural nonpoint source pollutants are
                 nutrients (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus), sediment, animal
                 wastes, pesticides, and salts. Agricultural nonpoint sources enter
                 surface water through direct surface runoff or through seepage to
                 ground water that discharges to a surface water outlet. Various
                 farming activities result in the erosion of soil particles. The
                 sediment produced by erosion can damage fish habitat and wetlands
                 and, in addition, often transports excess agricultural chemicals
                 resulting in contaminated runoff. This runoff in turn affects changes
                 to aquatic habitat such as temperature increases and decreased
                 oxygen.   The most common sources of excess nutrients in surface water
                 from nonpoint sources are chemical fertilizers and manure from animal
                 facilities.    Such nutrients cause eutrophication in surface water.
                 Pesticides used for pest control in agricultural operations can also
                 contaminate surface as well as groundwater resources. Return flows,
                 runoff, and leachate from irrigated lands may transport sediment
                 nutrients, salts, and other materials.          Finally, improper grazing
                 practices in riparian, as well as upland areas, can also cause water
                 quality degradation.

                     Sediment/Erosion Control:      Soil erosion is one of the leading
                     causes of water pollution in the United State. The goal of this
                     measure is to minimize the delivery of sediment from agricultural
                     lands to receiving waters. Land owners have a choice of one of
                     two approaches:     1) apply the erosion component of the U.S.
                     Department    of   Agriculture's    Conservation Management System
                     through     such    practices    as   conservation     tillage, strip
                     cropping,    contour farming, and terracing or, 2) design and

                                                     7






                      install a combination of practices to remove settleable solids
                      and associated pollutants in runoff for all but the larger
                      storms.

                      Confined Animal Facility: Animal waste contaminates many of our
                      waters with pathogens and nutrients. The management measure for
                      all new facilities and existing facilities over a certain size is
                      to limit discharges from confined animal facilities to waters of
                      the United States by storing wastewater and runoff caused by all
                      storms up to and including the 25 year, 24 hour frequency storm.
                      For smaller existing facilities, the management measure is to
                      design    and    implement    systems that collect solids, reduce
                      contaminant concentrations, and reduce runoff to minimize the
                      discharge of contaminants in both facility wastewater and runoff
                      caused by all storms up to and including 25 year, 24 hour
                      frequency storms.

                      This measure also specifies management of stored runoff and
                      solids through proper waste utilization and use of disposal
                      methods which minimize impacts to surface/groundwater.

                      Nutrient Management: This measure calls for development and
                      implementation of comprehensive nutrient management plans. The
                      fundamentals      of  the comprehensive nutrient management plan
                      include a nutrient budget for the crop, identification of the
                      types and amounts of nutrients necessary to produce a crop based
                      on realistic crop yield expectations, and an identification of
                      the environmental hazards of the site. Other items called for in
                      the measure include soil tests and other tests to determine crop
                      nutrient needs and proper calibration of nutrient equipment.

                      Pesticide Management: This measure is designed to minimize water
                      quality problems by reducing pesticide use, improving the timing
                      and efficiency of application, preventing backflow of pesticides
                      into water supplies, and improving calibration of pesticide spray
                      equipment.    A key component of this measure is use of integrated
                      pest     management    (IPM)   strategies.     IPM strategies include
                      evaluating current pest problems in relation to the cropping
                      history, previous pest control measures, and applying pesticides
                      only when an economic benefit to the producer will be achieved,
                      i.e., application based on economic thresholds. If pesticide
                      applications are necessary, pesticides should be selected based
                      on   consideration      of   their    environmental impacts such as
                      persistence, toxicity, and leaching potential.

                      Livestock Grazing: The goal of this measure is to protect
                      sensitive areas.      Sensitive areas include streambanks, wetlands,
                      estuaries, ponds, lakeshores, and riparian zones. Protection is
                      to be achieved with improved grazing management that reduces the
                      physical distance and direct loading of animal waste and sediment
                      caused by livestock by restricting livestock access to sensitive
                      areas through a range of options.. In addition, upland erosion is
                      to be reduced by either:           1) applying the range and pasture
                      components of a Conservation management System, or 1) maintaining
                      the land in accordance with the activity plans established by
                      either the Bureau of Land Management or the Forest Service. Such
                      techniques include the restriction of livestock from sensitive

                                                        8






                     areas through locating salt, shade, and alternative drinking
                     sources away from sensitive areas, and providing livestock stream
                     crossings.
                     Irrigation:   This measure promotes an effective irrigation system
                     that delivers necessary quantities of water yet reduces nonpoint
                     pollution to surface waters and groundwater. To achieve this,
                     the measure calls for uniform application of water based upon an
                     accurate   measurement of cropwater needs and the volume of
                     irrigation   water    applied.    When applying chemicals through
                     irrigation (a process known as chemigation), special additional
                     precautions apply.     The measure also recognizes that States'
                     water laws that conflict with the measure will take precedence
                     over the measure.

                Forestry. Silvicultural nonpoint source pollution impacts depend On
                site characteristics, climatic conditions, and the forest practice
                employed.     Sediment, nutrients, pesticides, and temperature are
                pollutants commonly associated with forestry activities.

                     Preharvest Planning: the objective of this management measure is
                     to   ensure    that   silvicultural activities, including timber
                     harvesting, site preparation and associated road construction,
                     are conducted in a way that takes into account potential nonpoint
                     source pollutant delivery to surface waters. Preharvest planning
                     has been demonstrated to play an important role in the control of
                     nonpoint    source   pollution    and efficient forest management
                     operations.    Components of this measure address key aspects of
                     forestry    operations    relevant   to water quality protection,
                     including the timing, location, and design of harvesting and road
                     construction, the identification of sensitive areas or high
                     erosion/hazard areas; and the potential for additional cumulative
                     contributions to existing water quality impairments.

                     Streamside Special Management Areas:         This management measure
                     establishes areas along surface waters that are managed to
                     protect the water quality of the adjacent waterbody. Streamside
                     Management Areas (SMAs) protect against soil disturbance and
                     reduce the delivery to waterbodies of sediment and nutrients from
                     upslope activities.      Canopy species in SMAs shade waterbodies,
                     which moderates water temperature, and provide the detritus that
                     often serves as an energy source for stream ecosystems. Trees in
                     the   SMA also provide a source of large, woody debris to
                     waterbodies.

                     Road Construction/Reconstruction: Road construction is often the
                     largest source of silviculture-produced sediment. The purpose of
                     this management measure is to reduce the generation and delivery
                     of sediment from road construction or reconstruction. This is to
                     be accomplished by following the preharvest plan layouts and
                     designs for the road system, incorporating adequate drainage
                     structures, and properly installing stream crossings.             Other
                     components of this measure include avoiding constructing roads in
                     SMAs, removing debris from streams, and stabilizing areas of
                     disturbed soil such as road fills.



                                                     9






                    Road Mana*gement:    The objective of this management m  easure is to
                    manage existing roads to prevent sedimentation and pollution from
                    runoff transported materials. This management measure describes
                    how to manage existing roads to minimize erosion, maintain
                    stability,    and   reduce    the   risk of failure or decreased
                    effectiveness    of   drainage structures and stream crossings.
                    Components of this measure include the use of inspections and
                    maintenance actions to prevent erosion of road surfaces and
                    ensure     the   continued    effectiveness   of    stream    crossing
                    structures.    The measure also addresses appropriate actions for
                    closing roads that are no longer in use.

                    Timber Harvesting: This management measure is intended to reduce
                    NPS pollution resulting from timber harvesting operations. The
                    measure includes components for the location of landings, for the
                    operation of groundskidding and cable yarding equipment, and for
                    the prevention of pollution from petroleum products. Harvesting
                    practices that protect water quality and soil productivity can
                    also reduce total mileage of roads and skid trails, lower
                    equipment maintenance costs, and provide better road protection
                    and reduce road maintenance. Appropriate skidtrail location and
                    drainage and proper harvesting in SMAs are addressed by this
                    measure.    Erosion from the siting and operation of timber harvest
                    operations can be reduced by conducting preharvest planning.

                    Site    Preparation    and   Forest Regeneration:     In some areas
                    mechanical site preparation is of great concern for potential
                    impacts to water quality. This is especially true in areas that
                    have steep slopes on highly erodible soils, or where the site is
                    located in close proximity to a waterbody. Careful regeneration
                    of harvested forest lands is important in providing water quality
                    protection from disturbed soils.        This management measure is
                    intended to reduce the impacts of mechanical site preparation and
                    regeneration operations and to confine on-site potential nonpoint
                    source pollution.      Components of this measure address keeping
                    slash materials out of drainages, operating machinery on the
                    contour and protecting the ground cover in ephemeral drainages
                    and SMAs.

                    Fire Management:      Prescribed burning is aimed at reducing slash
                    and competition for nutrients among seedlings and protecting
                    against wildfire. Prescribed fires that burn intensely on steep
                    slopes in close proximity to streams and that remove most of the
                    forest floor and litter down to the mineral soil, are most likely
                    to    adversely   affect    water quality.     The purpose of this
                    management measure is to reduce the potential nonpoint source
                    pollution and erosion resulting from prescribed fire for site
                    preparation    and    from methods for suppression of wildfire.
                    Prescribed fires should be conducted under conditions to avoid
                    the loss of litter and incorporated soil organic matter. Bladed
                    firelines should be stabilized to prevent erosion, or practices
                    such as handlines, firebreaks, or hose lays should be used where
                    possible.




                                                    10






                      Revegetation    of Disturbed Areas:       Revegetation of areas of
                      disturbed soil can successfully prevent sediment and pollutants
                      associated with the sediment (such as nutrients) from entering
                      nearby streams.      The objective of this management measure is to
                      reduce erosion and sedimentation by the rapid vegetation of areas
                      of soil disturbance from harvesting and road construction. The
                      disturbed areas to be revegetated are those localized areas
                      within harvest units or road systems where mineral soil is
                      exposed or agitated such as road cuts, fill slopes, landing
                      surfaces, cable corridors, or skidtrails.

                      Forest Chemical Management: Chemicals used in forest management
                      are    generally     pesticides    (insecticides,     herbicides,     and
                      fungicides) and fertilizers. Since pesticides may be toxic, they
                      must be properly mixed, trans.ported, loaded, and applied and
                      their   containers     must be properly disposed of to prevent
                      potential nonpoint source pollution.          Fertilizers must also be
                      properly handled and applied since they also may be toxic or may
                      shift surface water energy dynamics, depending on the exposure
                      and concentration.      The objective of this management measure is
                      to ensure that the application of pesticides and fertilizers does
                      not lead to contamination of surface waters. Components of this
                      measure include application by skilled workers according to label
                      instructions, careful prescription of the type and amount of
                      chemical to be applied, and the use of buffer areas for surface
                      waters to prevent direct application or deposition.

                      Wetland    Forest    Management:    Forested wetlands provide many
                      beneficial    water quality functions and provide habitat for
                      aquatic life.     The purpose of this management measure is to
                      protect the aquatic functions of forested wetlands.

                 Urban Runoff.      Urbanization has been linked to the degradation of
                 urban waterways.      The major pollutants found in runoff from urban
                 areas include sediment, nutrients, oxygen-demanding substances, road
                 salts, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, pathogenic bacteria, and
                 viruses.     Suspended     sediments    constitute the largest mass of
                 pollutant     loadings    to   receiving    waters    from    urban     areas.
                 Construction is a major source of sediment erosion. Nutrient and
                 bacterial sources of contamination include fertilizer usage, pet
                 wastes, leaves, grass clippings, and faulty septic tanks. Petroleum
                 hydrocarbons result mostly from automobile sources.

                      New Development:      The new development management measure is
                      intended to mitigate the effects of new development on water
                      quality.    This measure specifies that runoff from new development
                      be managed so as to meet two conditions:
                           1)    The average annual total suspended solid (TSS) loadings
                                 after construction is completed is reduced: a) by 80
                                 percent, or b) so that they are no greater than
                                 predevelopment loadings; and
                           2)    To the extent practicable, post-development peak runoff
                                 rate and average volume are maintained at levels that
                                 are similar to predevelopment levels.






                      Watershed Protection/Site Development:         The purpose of these
                      measures is to encourage comprehensive planning for development
                      on a water shed scale and for small scale site development as
                      well, including planning and designing to protect sensitive
                      ecological areas, minimize land disturbances and retain natural
                      drainage and vegetation whenever possible.

                      Construction    Erosion/Sediment Control:       The purpose of this
                      measure is to reduce erosion and transport of sediment from
                      construction sites to surface water.           A sediment and erosion
                      control plan should be developed and approved prior to land
                      disturbance.    This measure applies to construction sites of less
                      than 5 acres.

                      Construction Site Chemical Control: This measure addresses the
                      transport of toxic chemicals to surface water by limiting the
                      application, generation, and migration of chemical contaminants
                      (i.e.,    petrochemicals,     pesticides, nutrients) and providing
                      proper storage and disposal.

                      Existing    Development:      This measure addresses reduction of
                      pollution    loadings from already developed areas.             Watershed
                      management    programs     should be developed that identify the
                      sources, specify appropriate controls such as retrofitting or the
                      establishment of buffer strips, and provide a schedule by which
                      these controls are to be implemented.

                      New     Onsite     Disposal    Systems:     This    measure     addresses
                      nutrient/pathogen loadings to surface water from new onsite
                      disposal systems. The measure specifies that new onsite disposal
                      systems    (OSDS) are to be designed, installed and operated
                      properly and to be situated away from open waterbodies and
                      sensitive resources such as wetlands and floodplains. Protective
                      separation between the OSDS and the groundwater table is to be
                      established.     The OSDS unit should be designed to reduce nitrogen
                      loadings in areas where surface waters may be adversely affected.

                      Operating Onsite Disposal Systems: This management measure calls
                      for policies and systems to operate and maintain OSDS so as to
                      prevent surface water discharge and reduce pollutant loadings to
                      groundwater.     It also calls for inspection at regular time
                      intervals and repair or replacement of faulty systems.

                      Pollution    Prevention:     This measure includes techniques and
                      activities to prevent nonpoint source pollutants from entering
                      surface waters.      Primary emphasis is placed on public education
                      to promote methods for proper disposal and/or recycling of
                      hazardous chemicals, pet waste management strategies, management
                      practices for lawns and garden, OSDSs, and commercial enterprises
                      such as service stations and parking lots.

                      Siting Roads, Highways, and Bridges:            The measure calls for
                      roads, highways, and bridges to be situated away from areas that
                      are sensitive ecosystems and susceptible to erosion and sediment
                      loss.    The siting of such structures should not adversely impact
                      water quality, minimize land disturbances, and retain natural
                      vegetation and drainage features.

                                                       12 -






                      Construction Projects for Roads, Hig        hways, and Bridges: This
                      measure calls for the development and implementation of an
                      approved erosion and sediment control plan prior to construction,
                      which would reduce erosion and improve retention of sediments
                      onsite during and after construction.

                      Construction    Site Chemical Control for Roads, Highway, and
                      Bridges:    The measure limits toxic and nutrient loadings at
                      construction sites by ensuring the proper use, storage, and
                      disposal of toxic materials to prevent significant chemical and
                      nutrient runoff to surface water.

                      Operation and Maintenance for Roads, Highways, and Bridges: This
                      measure provides an operation and maintenance approach designed
                      to reduce pollutant loadings to receiving waters during operation
                      and maintenance of roads, highways, and bridges.

                      Runoff Systems for Roads, Highways, and Bridges: This measure
                      specifies development of runoff management systems to reduce
                      pollutant concentrations in runoff from existing roads, highways,
                      and bridges.      Runoff management systems should identify priority
                      pollutant reduction opportunities and schedule implementation of
                      retrofit    projects to protect impacted areas and threatened
                      surface waters.

                 Marinas. Marinas are located right at the water's edge, and often
                 there is no buffering of pollutants coming from boats or transported
                 by runoff from parking lots and hill maintenance areas. Documented
                 adverse environmental impacts include dissolved oxygen deficiencies
                 and high concentrations of toxic metals in aquatic organisms. In
                 addition,    construction     activities     can   lead    to the physical
                 destruction of sensitive ecosystems and bottom dwelling aquatic
                 communities.

                      Marina Flushing:      The measure requires that marina siting and
                      design allow for maximum flushing of the water supply for the
                      site.   Adequate flushing reduces the potential for the stagnation
                      of water in a marina and helps to maintain the biological
                      productivity and reduce the potential for toxic accumulation in
                      bottom sediment.

                      Water Quality Assessment:        This measure specifies that water
                      quality be considered in the siting and design of both new and
                      expanding marinas.

                      Habitat Assessment: Marinas should be designed and located so as
                      to   protect against adverse impacts on shellfish resources,
                      wetlands,    submerged aquatic vegetation, and other important
                      habitat    areas    as   designated by local, State and Federal
                      governments.

                      Shoreline Stabilization:       Where shoreline erosion is a nonpoint
                      source    pollution    problem, shorelines should be stabilized.
                      Vegetative    methods are strongly preferred unless structural
                      methods are cost effective.




                                                       13 -






                     Stormwater Runoff:     This measure, which applies to runoff from
                     the marina site only, specifies implementation of runoff control
                     strategies   which    include   the use of pollution prevention
                     activities and the proper design of hull maintenance areas. At
                     least 80% of suspended solids must be removed from stormwater
                     runoff coming from the hull maintenance areas. Marinas which
                     obtain a NPDES permit for their hull maintenance areas are not
                     required to conform to this hull maintenance area provision.

                     Fueling Station Design:      This measure specifies that fueling
                     stations should be located and designed so that, in case of an
                     accident, spill contaminants can be contained in a limited area.
                     Fueling stations should have fuel containment equipment as well
                     as a spill contingency plan.

                     Sewage Facilities:     To prevent the discharge of sewage directly
                     to coastal waters, new and expanding marinas are to install
                     pumpout, pump station, and restroom facilities where needed.

                     Solid Waste:     This measure specifies that solid wastes produced
                     by the operation, cleaning, maintenance, and repair of boats
                     should be properly disposed of to limit their entry to surface
                     waters.

                     Fish Wastes:     In sufficient quantity, fish wastes can result in
                     the depletion of dissolved oxygen and odor problems. To address
                     this   concern,    the measure requires that sound fish waste
                     management be promoted through a combination of fish cleaning
                     restrictions, public education, and proper disposal.

                     Liquid   Material:     This    management   measure    provides Jor
                     appropriate    storage,   transfer,    containment,    and    disposal
                     facilities for liquid materials commonly used in boat maintenance
                     and encourages the recycling of these materials.

                     Petroleum Control:     This measure addresses the problem of fuel
                     and oil leaks, which often occur during the refueling and
                     operation of boats. The amount of fuel and oil leakage from fuel
                     tank air vents should be reduced.

                     Boat Cleaning:     This measure minimizes the use of potentially
                     harmful hull cleaners and bottom paints and their release to
                     marinas and coastal waters.

                     Public Education:     Public education outreach/training programs
                     should be instituted for boaters, as well as marina operators, to
                     prevent improper disposal of polluting materials.

                     Maintenance of Sewage Facilities:        This measure specifies that
                     pumpout facilities be maintained in operational condition and
                     that   their    use   be encouraged to reduce untreated sewage
                     discharges to surface waters.






                                                     14 -






                     Boat Operation:     This measure deals with ecological problems
                     resulting from boating operations outside marinas. In shallow
                     areas, intense boring activities may contribute to shoreline
                     erosion.    The measure is designed to prevent increased turbidity
                     and physical destruction of shallow water habitat resulting from
                     boating activities.

                 Hydromodification. Hydromodification activities have been separated
                 into the categories of channelization and channel modification, dams,
                 and streambank and shoreline erosion.

                 A   frequent    result   of channelization and channel modification
                 activities is a diminished suitability of instream and streamside
                 habitat for fish and wildlife. They can also alter instream patterns
                 of water temperature and sediment type, as well as the rates and
                 paths of sediment erosion, transport, and deposition. Hardening of
                 banks along waterways has increased the movement of NPS pollutants
                 from the upper reaches of watersheds into coastal waters.

                 Dams can adversely impact the hydraulic regime, the quality of the
                 surface waters, and habitat in the stream or river where they are
                 located.    A     variety   of impacts can result from the siting,
                 construction, and operation of these facilities.

                 The erosion of shorelines and streambanks is a natural process that
                 can have either beneficial or adverse impacts on the creation and
                 maintenance of riparian habitat. Excessively high sediment loads can
                 smother submerged aquatic vegetation, cover shellfish beds and tidal
                 flats, fill in riffle pools, and contribute to increased levels of
                 turbidity and nutrients.

                     Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Surface Waters: This
                     measure ensures that      the planning process of new channelization
                     projects    includes an   evaluation of the potential effects on the
                     physical    and chemical  characteristics of surface waters that may
                     occur as a result of      the proposed work. The measure encourages
                     planning    and design    of new projects to reduce undesirable
                     impacts.    The operation and maintenance programs-for existing
                     modified    channels should identify and implement any available
                     opportunities      to    improve    the     physical    and    chemical
                     characteristics of surface waters in those channels.

                     Instream and Riparian Habitat Restoration for Channelization and
                     Channel Modification:      This measure ensures that the planning
                     process for new channelization projects includes an evaluation of
                     the potential effects on instream and riparian habitat that may
                     occur as a result of the proposed work. The measure encourages
                     planning    and design of new projects to reduce undesirable
                     impacts.    The operation and maintenance programs for existing
                     modified    channels    should identify opportunities to restore
                     instream    and riparian habitat in those channels. The habitat
                     characteristics that may be influenced by channelization and
                     channel     modification   include:     elimination of stream bank
                     vegetation,    reduced freshwater availability, and accelerated
                     delivery of pollutants.



                                                     15





                     The following management measures apply to dams 25 feet or more
                     in height and greater than 15 acres-feet in capacity, or to dams
                     six feet or more in height and greater than 50 acre-feet in
                     capacity.   The measures also apply only to those projects and
                     activities that fall outside of existing jurisdiction of the
                     National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit program.

                     Erosion and Sediment Control: This measure provides for reducing
                     erosion and retaining sediment onsite, to the extent practicable,
                     during and after construction of dams. An approved erosion and
                     sediment control plan, or similar administrative document that
                     contains erosion and sediment control provisions, should be
                     prepared and implemented prior to land disturbance.

                     Chemical and Pollutant Control: This measure ensures the proper
                     storage and disposal of certain chemicals, substances, and other
                     materials that are used in construction or maintenance activities
                     at dams.    These include construction chemicals such as concrete
                     additives,   petrochemicals,    solid    wastes,   cement     washout,
                     pesticides and fertilizers. The measure limits the application,
                     generation, and migration of toxic substances, and ensures their
                     proper storage and disposal.       The measure also ensures that
                     nutrients   are applied at rates necessary to establish and
                     maintain vegetation without causing significant nutrient runoff
                     to surface waters.

                     Protection of Surface Water Quality and Instream and Riparian
                     Habitat:   This measure ensures that the operation of dams will be
                     assessed for impacts to surface water quality and instream and
                     riparian habitat, and that the potential for improvement will be
                     evaluated.   Significant nonpoint source pollution problems that
                     exist from excessive surface water withdrawals will also be
                     assessed and evaluated.

                     Streambank   and    Shoreline Erosion:     Eroding streambanks and
                     shorelines should be stabilized, where streambank and shoreline
                     erosion is  a nonpoint source problem. Vegetative methods such as
                     marsh   creation    and   vegetative    bank   stabilization ("bio-
                     engineering")    are the preferred methods.       The measure also
                     ensures that streambank and shoreline features such as wetlands
                     and riparian areas with the potential to reduce NPS pollution are
                     protected.   Streambanks and shorelines should also be protected
                     from erosion due to uses of either the shorelands or adjacent
                     surface waters.

                Wetlands, Riparian Areas, Vegetated Treatment Systems. Changes to
                hydrology, geochemistry, substrate, or species composition may impair
                the ability of a wetland or riparian area to function properly. Such
                alterations can affect the ability of the wetland or riparian area to
                act as a filter for excess sedimentation and nutrients, which can
                result in deterioraled surface water quality.            The following are
                examples of typical activities that often cause such impairment: the
                drainage    of   wetlands    for    additional   cropland,     overgrazing,
                construction of highways, channelization of an adjoining waterway,
                deposition of dredged material, and excavation for ports and marinas.



                                                     16 -






                     The Protection of Wetlands and Riparian Areas: The purpose of
                     this management measure is to maintain the water quality benefits
                     of wetlands and riparian areas and to ensure that they do not in
                     turn become a source of nonpoint pollution due to degradation.
                     Wetlands and riparian zones reduce nonpoint source pollution by
                     filtering out of solution NPS related contaminants such as
                     phosphorus and nitrogen.      The ability of wetlands and riparian
                     zones to perform this function is determined by the vegetative
                     composition, geochemistry, and faunal species composition. Any
                     changes   to   these    characteristics    could    affect filtering
                     capacities.

                     The Restoration of Wetlands and Riparian Areas: This measure
                     promotes the restoration of pre-existing wetland and riparian
                     areas   where    the restoration of such systems will have a
                     significant nonpoint source pollution abatement function. This
                     measure is intended to address the increase in pollutant loadings
                     that can result from degradation or destruction of wetlands and
                     riparian areas.     These areas are effective in removing several
                     pollutants from stormwater,       such as sediment, nitrogen, and
                     phosphorus.   Wetland and riparian areas also help to attenuate
                     flows from higher than average storm events, thereby protecting
                     downstream areas from impacts such as channel scour, streambank
                     erosion,    and    fluctuations    in   temperature    and    chemical
                     characteristics.    This can be accomplished by re-establishing
                     previous   hydrologic    dynamics,    vegetation,    and    structural
                     characteristics.

                     Engineering    Vegetated   Treatment    Systems:     The purpose of
                     vegetated   filter    strips    is to remove sediment and other
                     pollutants from runoff and wastewater by filtration, deposition,
                     infiltration.     absorption,     adsorption,   decomposition,      and
                     volatilization, thereby reducing the amount of pollution entering
                     adjacent waterbodies.     The ability of a wetland to act as a sink
                     for phosphorus and the ability to convert nitrate to nitrogen gas
                     through denitrification are two examples of the important NPS
                     pollution abatement functions performed by constructed wetlands.
                     This measure promotes the development of artificial wetlands or
                     vegetated treatment systems where these systems will serve a
                     nonpoint source pollution abatement function.
















                                                     17






                 Harborcreek Municipal Authority

                 The creation of a Harborcreek Municipal Authority is recommended to
                 be the primary mechanism for major capital improvements projects such
                 as the sewer collection system, the water distribution system, major
                 recreational facilities, the walk/bike way system, and other public
                 capital investments.     The new Municipal Authority is recommended to
                 be   a   comprehensive financing/operating agency (rather than an
                 autonomous body) with the Township Board of Supervisors the ultimate
                 decision maker and responsible enabling body* The recommendations
                 for Municipal Authority consideration are as follows. Refer to the
                 Land Use Plan Map, Transportation Plan Maps, the Recreation and
                 Walk/Bike Way Plan Map, the Water Distribution System Plan Map and
                 the Sanitary Sewer Collection System Plan Map for visual location of
                 improvements.

                 The Township is recommended to formally adopt a "replacement of
                 capacity" policy.     A normal part of this policy is that all capital
                 expenditures for the extension of the sewer and water (or other)
                 systems to all new or expanding customers will be installed at the
                 developers expense. A subtle, and important clarification, should be
                 that the calculated cost to replace the equivalent amount of capacity
                 that the developer has taken away from the particular system shall be
                 included as one of the capital expenditures. This payment for the
                 replacement of capacity may be utilized immediately to update the
                 system or placed in a capital improvements fund account. This policy
                 would ass'ist in establishing fair user fees, and help to avoid
                 periodic moratoriums on additional connections within different parts
                 of the system in the community as development occurs in the future.

                 The Township is recommended to make extension decisions based on an
                 established future service area for both the central water and sewer
                 systems.   The accompanying Long Range Water Distribution System Plan
                 Map and   the Long Range Sanitary Sewer Collection System Plan Map
                 indicate  the future service areas for both utilities respectively..
                 Although  the maps appear to be simple, there are a number of goals or
                 policies  established by their delineation. First, the overall area
                 for future service is double the existing service area for central
                 water and triple the existing service area for central sewer. It is
                 anticipated that major upgrades to the systems to accommodate future
                 growth will be significantly less costly and less difficult with
                 public sewer than with public water. All urban, suburban and village
                 areas are planned to be fully accommodated with both water and sewer
                 services. Possible future large scale industrial, institutional or
                 residential facilities are planned to be accommodated, if located
                 within a reasonable distance to existing systems and within the
                 future service areas. Concentrated development around the two 1-90
                 interchanges are being promoted and encouraged.           Extensive strip
                 development along major highways will not be accommodated. Lastly,
                 developers are discouraged from using designated rural and agrarian
                 areas and should be aware that clustered developments outside the
                 future service areas will have to rely on private individual group
                 systems rather than on the municipal central systems.





                                                     18 -







                Harborcreek School District

                The recommendations for the Harborcreek School District officials
                consideration are as follows:

                Participate in the development of the municipal walk/bike way system
                program with the Harborcreek Township officials, which involves: the
                utilization of existing (or future) road right-of-ways to develop
                formal paved pathways to directly connect the regional recreational
                facilities of the Township, School District, and other private,
                institutional and municipal agencies: and the utilization of the
                lands of the above mentioned recreational facilities to develop
                internally groomed trails, with the School District portion utilizing
                the four existing school sites and any additional future school
                site(s).

                Closely   coordinate the development of all new and replacement
                recreational and/or community-related facilities with the Harborcreek
                Township officials, so that both public service agencies do not
                provide duplicated or an over abundance of the same facilities in the
                future.

                Closely coordinate the location and development of a new elementary
                site (when the increase in population in the Township justifies it in
                the medium range future) with the Harborcreek Township officials, so
                that the proper utilities, vehicular and pedestrian transportation
                facilities, signalization, etc. can be provided in a timely manner.

                Participate in a Harborcreek (or Tri-Community) Library feasibility
                study with the Harborcreek Township officials and Erie County Library
                System representatives to investigate the possibility of providing a
                municipal library branch in the Township, which would determine if,
                when, what, what size, location, and contents of the possible
                facility.























                                                   19





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                     Harborcreek . Township

              L o n g R a n g e
              W a t e r  D i s t r i b u t i o nS y s t e m

                          1994 SERVICE AREA-


                          F U T U R ES E R V I C EA R E A


























































                                                                          Erie County Deportment of Planning 1995





                     Harborcreek . Township

              L o n g  R a n g e  S a n i t a r y
                e w e r  C o I I e c t i o nS y s t e m

                          1994 SERVICE AREA


                          FUTURE SERV ICE        A R E A











































                                                                       7/











                                                                          Erie County Deportment of Plonning 199S






                      H a r b o r c r e e k               T o w n s

               L o n g  R a n g e  N a t u r a
               G a s  D i s t r u b u t i o nS y s t le m

                          199 4   S ERVICE AREA


                          F U T U R E S ER V ICE AREA


























































                                                                            Erie County Depoi-Ement of Planning 1995






                                                     CHAPTER 5


                                                  LAND USE PLAN

                  Introduction

                  As the guide for future development, the Land Use Plan is designed to
                  promote compatible land use patterns and discourage the haphazard use
                  of land.     Land is one of the most valuable resources, and municipal
                  officials and landowners should feel responsible to develop land in
                  an efficient and environmentally sound manner. The land use planning
                  process     is  the    most    logical     approach    to    fulfilling that
                  responsibility of wisely utilizing this resource.

                  Of all of the elements which comprise the Comprehensive Plan, no
                  other element is more important than the Land Use Plan. This Plan
                  provides the framework for the orderly growth and development of the
                  community.    Usually, the location of specific activities such as
                  local parks; local social, religious and educational institutions;
                  fire and police stations and municipal buildings; etc. are determined
                  in great part by land use patterns. In addition, land use controls,
                  especially zoning ordinances, should be based upon the Land Use
                  Plan.     For Pennsylvania communities, the need for planning is
                  officially    recognized     by    Act ' 247 of 1968, as amended, the
                  Pennsylvania     Municipalities     Planning    Code, which promotes the
                  planning process 'as a prerequisite to zoning controls and subdivision
                  regulations.

                  The Land Use Plan and accompanying Maps are the result of an
                  inventory and analysis of existing population, economic and housing
                  trends,    transportation     facilities, community facilities, public
                  utilities, and consideration of the compatibility of classifications
                  along municipal borders, as presented in the companion document, the
                  1994 Harborcreek Township Background Analysis.          The general land use
                  categories discussed below refer to the Land Use Plan Maps. It is
                  important to note that these plans are not zoning maps but rather
                  recommended     future    land    use   plans.     The role of zoning in
                  implementing this Plan will be discussed later. It is important to
                  state, however, that the future land use policies endorsed here by
                  the Harborcreek officials have been carefully weighed between the
                  general public interest and individuals' rights in the use of their
                  land.    The following land use descriptions are given by individual
                  classification.      The compatibility of classifications along the
                  borders     of   the   eight     municipalities     was    also    taken into
                  consideration.

                  Of note, the recommended Land Use Plan was          developed reflecting the
                  full range of land uses which must be               accommodated within the
                  Township.    The Land Use Plan attempts to          implement the previously
                  stated Goals and Objectives to the fullest extent possible.






                Future Land Use Patterns

                The accompanying Short, Medium and Long Range Land Use Patterns Maps
                represent the density, intensity and diversity of development that
                can be expected to occur over the next 20 years if current growth
                projections hold true in the future. The traditional "below ground"
                infrastructure was utilized as the basis for the land use patterns
                and include the current and proposed public water, sewer and natural
                gas service areas as each overlaps and expands at differing rates
                into the future. The three patterns maps cover*the 0 to 10, 5 to 15,
                and 10 to 20 year time periods for the short, medium, and long range,
                respectively.

                Concept Land Use Plan

                The accompanying Concept Land Use Plan Map represents the cumulation
                of all the trends delineated in the 1994 Harborcreek Township
                Background Analysis, and the intent of the Goals and Objectives,
                Housing Plan, Transportation Plan, and Community Facilities and
                Utilities Plan in this Comprehensive Plan. Of note, the Medium Range
                Land Use Patterns Map in this Chapter was chosen as the final
                consideration for the development of the future land use plan
                (instead of either the     short or long range). This decision was made
                due to the fact that       the first two Harborcreek Comprehensive Plans
                and this Comprehensive Plan were each developed 15 years apart:
                1965, 1980 and 1995,       respectively.    The next step is to develop a
                specific zoning map to reflect the intent of the Concept Land Use
                Plan Map. See the following Implementation Chapter.

























                                                    2




                      H a'r b o r c r e e k              T o w n s         i
               S h o r t R a n g e  L a n d  U s e   P'a t t e r n s
               B y  P u b I i c S e r v i c e s

                          U R B A N A R E A


                          SUBURBAN AREA


                          R U R A L A R E A


                          AGRAR IAN AREA

























































                                                                           Erie County Department of Planning 1995






                        H a r b o r c r e e k                    T o w n s h

                M e d i u m    R a n g e   L a n d    U s e    P a t t e r n s
                B y   P u b I i c   S e r v i c e s

                             URBAN AREA


                             S U B U R B A N A R E A


                             R U R A L A R E A


                             A GRAR IAN AREA


























                                                                              11  11 FM
                                                                                    41 -1-1 1











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                    N I







                                                                                       Erie County Deportment of Planning 1995





                  H a r b o r c r e e k              T o w n s

           L o n g  R a n g e  L a n d  U s e   P a t't e r n s
           8 y   P u b I i c S e r v i c es

                       URBA  N AREA


                       SUBURBAN AREA


                       RURAL AREA


                       AGRARIAN AREA


























































                                                                        Erie County Deportment of Plonning 1995






                                                   a r b o r c r e e k                                T o w ri F, h i

                                                   C o n c e p                   L a ri d           U s e           P I a n



                                            C 0 A S T A    L   R E S I D E N T I A L
                                            R E S  I D E N T I A L

                                            R E C  R E A   T 10 N   A L
                                            I N S  T I T U T 10 N   A L
                                            C 0 M M E R    C I A L
                                            I N D  U S T   R I A L
                                            A G R I C U    L T U R  A L




                                            U R B A N A R E A
                                            S U B U R B A I         AR E A                                                                           XXI
                                            R U R A L      A R E A
                                            A G R     R I A N       AR E A
                           E7 _7

































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                                                                                                                                                y







                                                   CHAPTER 6


                                                IMPLEMENTATION

                 Introduction

                 The   Harborcreek      Township  Comprehensive Plan is a study which
                 designates a recommended course for both future development and
                 preservation. It should be viewed primarily as a framework for
                 action; a flexible guide rather than a rigid document. It consists
                 of a series of general concepts and specific recommendations in the
                 fields of housing, transportation, community facilities,                public
                 utilities and land use.         This guide for action section of the Plan
                 will take those concepts and recommendations and establish short and
                 long range implementation strategies.

                 Comprehensive Plan

                 Upon finalization of this study, the Harborcreek Township Board of
                 Supervisors should formally adopt the 1995 Harborcreek Township
                 Comprehensive     Plan.      The  adoption    process should follow the
                 requirements of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act
                 247 of 1968 as amended (Act 247). The adoption process includes:
                 proper advertisement; public meeting(s) by the Township Planning
                 Commission; a public hearing by the Board of Supervisors; the
                 submittal for review and comment to the surrounding governments of
                 the City of Erie, the Borough of Wesleyville, the Townships'of
                 Lawrence Park, North East, Greenfield, Greene and Millcreek, the
                 Harborcreek School District, and the County of Erie; then adoption at
                 a public business meeting.

                 Zoning Ordinance

                 No    single document is more important than a municipal zoning
                 ordinance    to assist in implementing many of the concepts and
                 recommendations delineated in this Comprehensive Plan. During the
                 adoption phase of this Plan, the Harborcreek Township officials
                 should begin drafting an updated zoning ordinance and map to be in
                 compliance with the intent of this Comprehensive Plan as adopted, and
                 with Act 247. (See also the following Municipal Services Section in
                 this Chapter.)

                 Upon finalization of this municipal land use control, the Harborcreek
                 Township Board of Supervisors should formally adopt the amended
                 Zoning Ordinance and Map.         The adoption process should also be in
                 compliance with Act 247 as outlined in the above section.

                 Subdivision and Land Development Ordinances

                 A companion land use control to the zoning ordinance to assist in
                 implementing this Comprehensive Plan is the municipal subdivision
                 ordinance.    After the adoption of this Comprehensive Plan, the
                 Harborcreek     Township    officials should update their subdivision
                 regulations     to   be    in   compliance    with    the intent of this
                 Comprehensive Plan, with Act 247, and with the amended Zoning
                 Ordinance as finalized.





                  Upon finalization of the updated municipal zoning ordinance, the
                  Harborcreek Township Board of Supervisors should formally adopt an
                  amended Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance at the same time
                  as the adoption of the Zoning Ordinance, also in compliance with Act
                  247.

                  LERTA Ordinance

                  Harborcreek     Township    has    the option to enact local economic
                  revitalization tax assistance (LERTA) regulations.               As a point of
                  reference, the Township currently has a LERTA Ordinance. The land
                  areas covered are the Buffalo Road commercial district and the
                  Iroquois Avenue industrial district. In order to promote the urban
                  and suburban development of the Township and to assist business
                  developers     in   defraying     the    cost of the utility and other
                  infrastructure requirements, Harborcreek Township officials should
                  expand the LERTA Ordinance to encompass the proposed two 1-90
                  business districts which are planned to contain both commercial and
                  industrial uses.

                  Building Codes

                  Harborcreek.    Township    has    the option to enact local building
                  regulations for the protection of public health, safety and welfare
                  under the Second Class Township Code. As a point of reference, the
                  Township currently has a BOCA National Building Code and a CABO One
                  and Two Family Dwelling Code. Other available local codes include:
                  electrical,     plumbing,     natural    gas,    mechanical, industrialized
                  dwelling, fire prevention, and property maintenance.                After the
                  adoption    of    this Comprehensive Plan, the Harborcreek Township
                  officials     should    update    their building regulations to be in
                  compliance with the intent of this Comprehensive Plan, the Zoning
                  Ordinance and the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance.

                  Municipal Services

                  During the amendment process of the above land use controls, and in
                  order to implement various sections of this Comprehensive Plan, the
                  Harborcreek     Township    officials     should    consider including the
                  appropriate best management practices to minimize nonpoint source
                  pollution to the extent possible.

                  The Harborcreek Township officials should pursue any and all avenues
                  to cooperate, coordinate and collaborate with the other two members
                  of the "Tri-Community Area" (Harborcreek Township, Lawrence Park
                  Township and Wesleyville Borough) on existing and proposed municipal
                  services.     Short range projects could be the group purchases of
                  materials and supplies, the sharing of equipment and facilities on an
                  at-cost basis, the sharing of personnel (for example, the needed
                  police protection for Harborcreek could come from one of the Police
                  Departments of Lawrence Park or Wesleyville), and the development of
                  joint recreational and/or library facilities.

                  The Harborcreek Township Board of Supervisors should continue to be
                  an active member of the Erie Area Council of Governments for the
                  above same reasons.

                                                         2






                Of note, a copy of the 50 page PA DCA Publication "Intergovernmental
                Cooperation Handbook" has been provided to the Harborcreek Township
                officials and is made a part of this Plan by reference.

                The ultimate long range solution to providing the full range of
                urban/suburban/village     infrastructure    and    public    services    at
                reasonable cost with a fair and equitable tax base is that the Tri-
                Community Area municipalities should combine as many separately run
                operations as possible. The sharing of services now and in the short
                range future will be excellent preparation and practice for the
                advantageous merger of programs in the long range future. These
                combined services can include any and/or all of the following Tri-
                Community Area: Fire Department, Police Department, Physical Services
                Department, Library System, Recreation and Walk/Bike Way System, and
                School District.

                Technical and Financial Assistan

                No    community    (or any three local communities together) could
                implement a majority of the recommendations in a local comprehensive
                plan without technical and financial assistance from Federal, State,
                and regional agencies.       The Harborcreek   Township officials have in
                the past and are presently working on projects with the State
                District    Offices    of   the     Departments   of   Community Affairs,
                Environmental Resources and Transportation      located in Erie, Meadville
                and    Franklin,    respectively.     However, the numerous assistance
                programs and services available to small       towns from these and other
                agencies has not been readily         known or available.       As a desk
                reference to small towns and rural townships, the Center for Rural
                Pennsylvania has recently developed its first Rural Access Guide.
                The 1994 Guide provides useful information on 86 of the most commonly
                utilized Federal, State and regional programs and services for rural
                communities in Pennsylvania.        Each program is given one full page
                with the following description outlined.

                1.   Type of Assistance:
                2.   Subject:
                3.   Contact Information:
                4.   Goals and Objectives:
                5.   Audience:
                6.   Eligibility Criteria:
                7.   Appl.ication Deadline:
                8.   Application Procedures:
                9.   Funding Limitations:
                10.  Award Procedures:
                11.  Implementation Requirements:
                12.  Evaluation Requirements:
                13.  a complete Case Study

                A number of the delineated programs and services from the Rural
                Access Guide will assist in im lementing the goals and objectives of
                this    Comprehensive    Plan, aZ are aimed at local governments,
                authorities, community based agencies and educational institutions.
                A copy of the current 100 page Rural Access Guide (which will be
                updated every 2 years) has been provided to the Harborcreek Township
                officials and is made a part of this Plan by reference.

                                                     3






                  The following is a listing of the Guide's programs and services by
                  category. The Rural Access Guide should be thoroughly reviewed by the
                  various local municipal and community agencies to determine which of
                  these apply to the Tri-Community Area's needs or desires to implement
                  the general concepts and specific recommendations that are contained
                  in the Harborcreek Township Comprehensive Plan.

                       1.    DEVELOPING YOUR COMMUNITY
                             Business,   Economic and Industrial Recruitment and Retention
                                         Ben Franklin Partnership
                                         Business Infrastructure Development (BID) Program
                                         Community Economic Recovery Program (CERP)
                                         Downtown Pennsylvania Program
                                         Employee Ownership Assistance Program (EOAP)
                                         Enterprise Zone Program
                                         Industrial Communities Action Program
                                         Industrial Communities Site Program (ICSP)
                                         Industrial Resource Centers (IRC)
                                         Pennsylvania Capital Loan Fund
                                         Pennsylvania Downtown Center
                                         Pennsylvania       Economic      Development       Financing
                                         Authority
                                         Site Development Program
                                         U.S.    Small     Business     Administration       Business
                                         Development

                  II. ENHANCING YOUR     COMMUNITY
                       Arts, Historic    Preservation, Recreation, Tourism
                                         Heritage Parks Program
                                         Historic Preservation Survey and Planning Grants
                                         Local Government Arts Grant
                                         Local History General Operating Support Grants
                                         Local History Project Support Grants
                                         Promotion of the Arts-Local Arts Agencies Program
                                         Recreational Improvements and Rehabilitation Act
                                         Program
                                         Recreational Trail Program
                                         Tourist Promotion Assistance Matching Fund Program
                                         Transportation Enhancements Program

                  III.       COMMUNITY   LEADERSHIP
                             Technical   Assistance, Administration, Management
                                         Circuit Rider Program
                                         Commonwealth Law Enforcement Assistance Network
                                         (CLEAN)
                                         Council     of    Governments/Intermunicipal Projects
                                         Program
                                         Emergency   Management Assistance Program
                                         Federal Surplus Property Donation Program
                                         Local Piggyback Purchasing Program (L3P)
                                         Municipal Training
                                         Municipal Financial Recovery Act (Act 47)
                                         Pennsylvania Rural Leadership Program (RULE)
                                         Regional Police Assistance Program
                                         Small    Communities      Planning Assistance Program
                                         (SCPAP)
                                         State Planning Assistance Grant Program (SPAG)

                                                           4






                 IV. COMMUNITY FACILITIES
                     Infrastructure, Transportation, Capital Projects
                                      Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)
                                      Community Facilities Program
                                      Community     Transportation       Grants      (Capital
                                      Equipment)
                                      Flood   Control     Projects   (Small Flood Control
                                      Projects)
                                      HOMES Program
                                      Housing and Community Development Program
                                      Local Highway and Bridge Program
                                      Local Road Turnback Program
                                      Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP)
                                      Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority
                                      (PennVest)
                                      Recycling   Development and Implementation Grant
                                      Program
                                      Recycling Incentive Development Account (RIDA)
                                      Rural Community Fire Protection Program
                                      Rural Public Transportation Program
                                      Rural Rental Housing Loans
                                      Section 108 Loan Guarantee Program
                                      Section 523 and 524 Rural Housing Site Loans
                                      Sewage Facilities Planning Grants
                                      Sewage Treatment Plant Operation Grants
                                      Timber Bridge Program
                                      Transit Capital Assistance Program
                                      Volunteer Fire Company Assistance Program
                                      Water and Waste Disposal Loans and Grants

                 V. HUMAN RESOURCES
                     Education, Health, Training
                                      Adult Affidavits
                                      Customized Job Training
                                      Emergency   Community    Services    Homeless     Grant
                                      Program (EHP)
                                      Emergency Shelter Grant Program
                                      High Risk Youth Program
                                      Job Training Partnership Act
                                      Pennsylvania Conservation Corps
                                      PennSERVE
                                      Pennsylvania Service Corps
                                      State Health Centers
                                      Teen Pregnancy & Parenting
                                      Telecommunications Education Fund















                                                      5






                VI. NATURAL RESOURCES
                    Agriculture, Conservation, Forestry
                                    Abandoned Mine Reclamation Program
                                    Agricultural Area Security Law
                                    Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP)
                                    Agricultural Technology Loan Program
                                    Agriculture and Rural Youth Organization Grant
                                    Program
                                    Clean and Green
                                    Cooperative Farm Game Program
                                    Cooperative Forestry Assistance Program
                                    Forest Stewardship Incentive Program
                                    Land and Water Conservation Fund
                                    Pennsylvania Farmland Protection Program
                                    Resource Conservation and Development
                                    Stream Bank Fencing
                                    Stream Improvement Program
                                    Urban Forestry Grants

                Statement of Plan  Interrelationships

                The interrelationships among the four plan components of the housing
                plan, transportation plan, community facilities/utilities plan, and
                the land use plan are complete. No single component was developed to
                stand alone or to dictate total control over the other components.
                The primary direction of each component influenced the direction of
                the other plans until all components of this Plan were integrated
                together.    The four integrated plans were developed to implement the
                statement of the general goals and specific objectives made at the
                beginning of  this Comprehensive Plan.

                Statement of  Relationship to Other Plans

                As part of the background analysis of this Plan, the existing
                development   of all seven contiguous communities of Lawrence Park,
                Wesleyville, Erie, Millcreek, Greene, Greenfield and North East were
                investigated and analyzed.       The proposed development of Harborcreek
                Township is directly related in composition and density so as to
                compliment,   rather than compete for, various types of land use. The
                existing comprehensive plans for the seven adjacent communities were
                taken into consideration for the proposed transportation improvements
                and public water and sewer services areas. The objectives and plans
                for    development for the County of Erie were also taken into
                consideration, with    the specific development of the Harborcreek
                Township Demographic Analysis and Population Projections Report which
                is a component of       both the 1994 Harborcreek Township Background
                Analysis    and    the   1994   Erie County Demographic Analysis and
                Projections Report.      Lastly, the regional trend of major industrial
                parks, and the development plans of Penn State-Erie, The Behrend
                Campus were also carefully integrated into the plan components of the
                Harborcreek Township Comprehensive Plan.






                                                    6



                                                                                                                       JOAA COASIAL SERVICE. CIR LI.RARl
                                                                                                                        3 6668-14111621 2