[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]












                     Town of North Greenbush
     Local Waterfront Revitalization Program





         HT
         168
         .N67
         T69
         1990












                                                                             Adopted:
                                     Town of Norht Greenbush Town Board. June 14 1990

                                                                            Approved:
                            NYS Secretary of State Gail S. Shaffer. September 6, 1990

                                                                           Concurred:
                    Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. October 19, 1990










                                                                                 MAY -
                                              STATE OF NEW YORK
                                 OA&.        DEPARTMENT OF STATE                               LU)
                                             ALBANY, N.Y. 12231 -0001



                                                 P.IPR. 2 5 1991


               Mr. James Burgess
               Chief
               C,,.)astal Programs Division
               Office of Ocean and Coastal
                Resource Management
               1.825 Connecticut Avenue, NW
               Washington, DC 20235

               Dear Mr. Burgess:

               Enclosed is the Town of North Greenbush Local Waterfront Revitalization Program
               (LWRP). The LWRP has been adopted by the municipality and approved by the New
               York State Secretary of State.    In addition, your office has concurred on its
               incorporation into the State's Coastal Management Program as a routine program
               implementation action. Copies of this document are also being transmitted to State
               agencies, as well as selected federal, county, and local agencies.

               Should you have any questions or concerns regarding this document, feel free to
               contact either myself or Charles McCaffrey of this office at (518) 474-6000.

                                                     Sincerely,




                                                     George R. Stafford
                                                     Director
                                                     Division of Coastal Resources
                                                       and Waterfront Revitalization


               GRS: gn

               Enclosure























                                  Town of North Greenbush
      		Local Waterfront Revitalization Program








                                                    Property of Library







                                                  U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
                                                  COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
                                                  2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                                                  CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413





                                                                               Adopted:
                                         Town of North Greenbush Town Board, June 14, 1990


                                                                              Approved:
                                      NYS Secretary of State Gail S. Shaffer, September 6, 1990


                                                                             Concurred:
                        U.S. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resources Management, October 19, 1990
 









                 This Local Waterfront Revitalization Program
                 has been adopted and approved in accordance
                 with the provisions of the Waterfront
                 Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act of
                 1981 (Executive Law, Article 42) and its
                 implementing    regulations     (6 NYCRR     601).
                 Federal concurrence on the incorporation of
                 this Local Waterfront Revitalization Program
                 into the New York State Coastal Management
                 Program as a Routine Program Implementation
                 has been obtained in accordance with the
                 provisions    of   the    U.S.    Coastal     Zone
                 Management Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-583), as
                 amended, and its implementing regulations
                 (15 CFR 923).



                 The   preparation     of   this    program     was
                 financially aided by a federal grant from
                 the U.S. Department of Commerce, National
                 Oceanic   and    Atmospheric     Administration,
                 Office   of   Ocean    and   Coastal    Resource
                 Management,     under     the     Coastal     Zone
                 Management    Act    of   1972,    as   amended.
                 Federal Grant No. NA-82-AA-D-CZ068.



                 The New York State Coastal Management
                 Program   and    the   preparation     of   Local
                 Waterfront    Revitalization     Programs      are
                 administered    by    the    New     York    State
                 Department of State, Division of Coastal
                 Resources and Waterfront Revitalization,
                 162 Washington Avenue, New York 12231.


















                                          STATE OF NEW YORK
                                         DEPARTMENT OF STATE

                                          ALBANY. N.Y. 1223 1 -0001
             GAIL S. SHAFFER
            SECRETARY OF STATE



            September 6, 1990






            Honorable Richard Fennelly
            Supervisor
            .Lown of North Greenbush
            P.O. Box 38
            Wyn-artskill, NY  12198

            Dear Supervisor Fennelly:

            It is with great pleasure that I inform you that, pursuant to the Waterfront
            RevItalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act, I have approved
            the Town of North Greenbush's Local Waterfront Revitalization Program
            (LWRP).  The Town is to be commended for its thoughtful and energetic
            response to opportunities presented along its waterfront.

            I will notify State agencies shortly that 1 have approved the Town's LWRP
            and will provide them a list of their activities which must be undertaken In
            a manner consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the North
            Greerbush LWRP.


            Agaiv, I would like to commend the Town of North Greenbush or Its efforts to
            develop the LWRP and look forward to working with you in the years to come
            as you endeavor to revitalize your waterfront.

                                                 Sincerely,







                                                 Gail S. Shaffer
            GSS:gn








                                      '"T OP
                                              UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMM' ERCE
                                              National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                                              NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE
                                      'PATES of OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
                                              Washington, D.C. 20235
                                                0 CT 1 9




          Mr. George Stafford
          Director
          Division of Coastal Resources
           and Waterfront Revitalization
          Department of State
          162 Washington Avenue
          Alba I ew York 12231
             nvu"44-
          Dear Mr-.-StArtcrrd:

          The Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management concurs with
          your request to incorporate the Town of North Greenbush Local
          Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP) into the New York State
          Coastal Management Program as a Routine Program Implementation
          (RPI) change. We received comments from three Federal agencies,,
          none objecting to incorporating the LWRP as a API.

          In accordance with the Coastal Zone Management Regulations, 15
          CFR 923.84, Federal Consistency will apply to the Town of North
          Greenbush LWRP after you publish notice of our approval.



                                         Sincerely,
                                         Timothy R.E. Ke7ney
                                         Director












                               Town of North Greenbush




                                         Town Board

                                 Richard Fennelly, Supervisor

                                        James Flanigan
                                         Francis Mack
                                        William Maloney
                                        Charlotte Dell



                                  Richard Fennelly, Chairman
                                       LWRP Committee



                                  Rocco Fragomeni, Chairman
                                        Planning Board



                                   Patricia Noel, Town Clerk












                                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS
                                                                                                  Page


              SECTION I.             COASTAL AREA BOUNDARY


                              A.     Boundary Criteria         ............                       1-3

                              B.     Description of Proposed Coastal
                                             Boundaries     . . . . . . . . . . . . .             1-3


              SECTION II.            INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS


                              A.     overview           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .             11-3


                              B.     Inventory and Analysis        . . . . . . . . . .       11-3 - 11-24

                                     1.      -Existing Land and Water Use          . . .     11-3 - 11-7

                                     2.      Geology    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        11-8 - 11-9

                                     3.      soils      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        II-10


                                     4.      Wildlife Resources      . . . . . . . . .       II-11 - 11-13

                                     5.      Hydrology and Water Quality           . . .     11-13  - 11-17

                                     6.      Air Quality and Climate        . . . . . . .    11-17 - 11-18

                                     7.      Cultural and Archaelogical
                                                    Resources      . . . . . . . . . .       11-18 - 11-22

                                     8.      Transportation       . . . . . . . . . . .      11-19 - 11-22

                                     9.      Franchise and other community
                                                     Services     . . . . . . . . . . .      11-22 - 11-23


                                     10..    Visual Resources      . . . . . . . . . .            11-24

                              C.     Development Issues        . . . . . . . . . . . .       11-24 - 11-25

                              Exhibit - Waterfront Archaeological Resources

              SECTION III            LOCAL POLICIES AND APPLICABLE
                                             STATE POLICIES

                              Development Policies      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       111-3 - 111-8

                              Fish and Wildlife Policies       . . . . . . . . . . . .      111-8 - III-10

                              Flooding and Erosion        . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        III-10 - 111-15

                              General Policies          . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .             111-15











                CONTENTS (Continued)                                                                  Page

                                Public Access Policies       . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        111-15 - 111-18


                                Recreational Policies     . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .        111-19 - 111-20

                                Historic and Scenic Resource Policies          . . . . . .      111-21 - 111-25

                                Agricultural Lands Policies        . . . . . . . . . . .              111-25

                                Energy and Ice Management Policies             . . . . . .      111-25 - 111-26

                                Water and Air Resources Policies           . . . . . . . .      111-26 - 111-34


                SECTION IV.            PROPOSED LAND AND WATER USE AND PROPOSED
                                               PROJECTS


                                A.     Proposed Land and Water Uses            . . . . . .       IV-3 - IV-5

                                B.     Proposed Public and Private Projects                      IV-5 - IV-7


                SECTION V.             TECHNIQUES FOR LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION OF
                                               THE PROGR


                                A.     Local Laws and Regulations          . . . . . . . .       V-3 - V-5

                                B.     Other Actions      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .               V-5


                                C.     Management Structure to Implement the
                                               Program       . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         V-5 -V-8

                                D.     Financial Resources Necessary to
                                               Implement the LWRP          . . . . . . . .            V-6

                                E.     Review of Proposed State and Federal
                                               Actions    . . . . . . . . . . . .     . . .           V-6


                SECTION VI.            FEDERAL AND STATE PROGRAMS LIKELY To
                                               AFFECT IMPLEMENTATIO


                                A.     Federal and State Programs Likely to
                                               Affect Implementation         . . . . . . .       VI-4 - VI-23

                                B.     Federal and State Actions Necessary
                                               to Further the LWRP         . . . . . . . .            VI-24

                SECTION VII.           CONSULTATION !MITH AFFECTED FEbERAL. STATE,
                                               REGIONAL AND LOCAL AGENCIES


                                A.     Local Consultation        . ... . . . . . . . . .              VII-3


                                B.     Regional Consultation        . . . . . . . . . . .             VII-3

                                C.     Review of Draft LWRP by State, Federal
                                               and Local Agencies       . . . . . . . . .             VII-3









              CONTENTS (Continued)                                                          Pacie


              SECTION VIII.        LOCAL COMMITMENT

                            A.     Waterfront Advisory Committee        . . . . . .         VIII-3

                            B.     Public Meetings     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    VIII-3



              REFERENCES


              APPENDIX A - GEOTECHNICAL REPORT FOR CONNECTOR
                                   ROADWAY


              APPENDIX B - PLANNED WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT ZONING
                                   DISTRICT


              APPENDIX C - GUIDELINES FOR COORDINATING REVIEWS OF PROPOSED
                                   STATE AND FEDERAL ACTIONS


              MAPS                                                                          Page


              No. 1 Regional Setting-                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1-5

              No. 2 Coastal Zone Boundary            . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1-7

              No. 3 Topographic Setting              . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    H-27

              No. 4 Existing Land Uses               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    11-29

              No. 5 Reconnaissance                   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    11-31


              No. 6 Development Considerations         . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    11-33

              No. 7 Proposed Land and water use          . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .   IV-9

              No. 8 Proposed Waterfront Access Road          . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      v-7

              No. 9 Existing Zoning                  . . . . . . . . . . .    . . . . . . .   V-9

              No. 10 Proposed Zoning                 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     V-11





























                                      SECTION I



                      WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION AREA BOUNDARY











         The Town of North Greenbush's Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA)
         boundary is as follows:

         A.    Boundary Criteria

               The boundary of the coastal area is intended to include all
               lands and features whose use may have a "direct and
               significant impact" on coastal waters because the shoreland
               area has one or more of the following characteristics:

               1.   The area includes uses which have direct contact with,
                    depend on, or make use of coastal waters;

               2.   The area includes natural features which are affected by
                    or have an affect upon the coastal waters;

               3.   The area has a direct functional, cultural or historic
                    relationship with the waterfront; and

               @4.  The area has a direct aesthetic relationship with the
                    waterfront in that it is clearly visible from or contains
                    direct viewpoints of the coastal waters.

         B.    De-scri*ption of the WRA

         1.    Inland Boundary

               Beginning at a point on the northern boundary of the Town of
               North Greenbush 2,000 feet east of the eastern shoreline of
               the Hudson River;

               Thence, extending south along a line 2,000 feet east of and
               parallel to the eastern shoreline of the Hudson River to its
               intersection with the southern boundary of the Town of North
               Greenbush.


         2.    Waterside Boundary

               Beginning at the intersection of the northern boundary of the
               Town of North Greenbush and the eastern boundary of Albany
               County;

               Thence, extending along the eastern boundary of Albany County
               (the western boundary of the Town of North Greenbush) to its
               intersection with the southern boundary of the Town of North
               Greenbush.


         See Maps 1 and 2 for the Town's regional setting, as well as for
         a graphic display of the WRA.



                                        1-3











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                                     SECTION II



                               INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS



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        II. INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS


        A.    OVERVIE


        The Town of North Greenbush has 1.9 miles of frontage on the Hudson
        River, situated between the cities of Rensselaer and Troy, and
        across the river from the City of Albany and the Village of
        Menands.    This area is largely undeveloped today except for the
        Rensselaer  County Sewage Treatment facilities.      This stands in
        contrast to the riverfronts in the adjacent communities, which in
        many places consist of older industrial and urban development. The
        Town's waterfront consists of a flat river flood plain bordered by
        a steep escarpment on the western edge of a plateau where develop-
        ment in the Town has occurred. At the base   of the slopes is a rail
        line serving industries between Rensselaer to the south and Troy
        to the north.


        Physical barriers such as the railroad and the slopes have worked
        in the past to prevent the development of this area.              Not
        surprisingly, less than a doien individuals or organizations own
        the property in the study area.        This group includes, public
        utilities, the Town, and a- major university, in the region,
        Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Current policies of the various
        landowners further limit legal riverfront access  I. Yet in spite of
        this, the riverfront is utilized for unauthorized recreation and
        for undesirable activities, such as dumping and all-terrain-
        vehicle operation.

        Section B. below describes the various natural and man-made
        features of the coastal area and their implication for waterfront
        policy making.      Section C highlights some major issues and
        opportunities which this Local Waterfront Revitalization Program
        will address.


        B.    INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

        Field surveys, published data and reports and previous studies,
        including the initial draft LWRP document prepared in 1984 were all
        used to assemble an inventory of existing conditions and features
        in the coastal area. The results of this inventory and analysis
        process are presented below and illustrated on Maps 3 through 6.

        1.    Existing Land and Water Use (See Maps 4 and 5)

              a.   Land Use Patterns

                   Land use along the North Greenbush waterfront principally
                   reflects the effect of local topography on access to the
                   river. The river flat, although it has been disturbed
                   by various activities, is essentially undeveloped outside
                   of the sewage treatment plant. The wetlands coupled with
                   narrow sections of the river flat limit the overall


                                        11-3










                     developable area.     The escarpments, because of their
                     generally unstable nature, are not suited for development
                     and have acted as a barrier to river access. only on the
                     plateau are there ample amounts of level and stable,
                     gently sloping land that can support the development that
                     has occurred there. The study area consists primarily
                     of vacant land, transportation and utility corridors and
                     a sewage treatment plant.

                     Five principal landowners are located within the
                     waterfront study area.      The first of these is the
                     Rensselaer County Sewer District. The District owns just
                     over 34 acres along the northern 5,400 feet of the Town's
                     riverfront, where its sewage treatment plant is located.
                     The plant consists of a screening facility, four primary
                     settling tanks,    an aeration facility, four secondary
                     settling tanks, two chlorine contact facilities, a sludge
                     processing facility, and sludge disposal land fill, four
                     pumping stations, an administrative and control building
                     and related handling and maintenance structures.        The
                     plant serves the entire District, which encompasses North
                     Greenbush, Rensselaer, Troy and parts of Brunswick, Sand
                     Lake, and Schaghticoke.     The need for additional, land
                     area off site to accommodate either expansion of the
                    ,existing treatment plant or for sludge disposal is not
                     anticipated by the Sewer District officials in the
                     foreseeable future.


                     Following along the base of the escarpment is the Troy-
                     Greenbush rail line. The 27 acre parcel of land on which
                     the railroad is located is owned by Conrail. This rail
                     line supports infrequent rail service from the industrial
                     areas of South Troy to the main Conrail lines in
                     Rensselaer. On occasion the question of abandonment of
                     the sole remaining rail connection into Troy is raised,
                     although it appears that this event is unlikely to occur
                     in the near future. Parallel to the railroad, but still
                     on the property is an unpaved access road. Beneath the
                     access road is a 3611 force sewer main of the County Sewer
                     District.


                     The lands of the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation nearly
                     bisect the waterfront in a linear corridor which crosses
                     the escarpment, and the river flat at the southern edge
                     of the sewage treatment plant.      This 40 acre parcel,
                     about a quarter of which is within the waterfront area,
                     is the right-of-way for the two 115 kilovolt transmission
                     lines connecting the Reynolds Road substation on the
                     plateau to substations in Menands and Colonie. No change
                     in this use is anticipated in the future.




                                          11-4










                        on the river flat immediately south of the Niagara Mohawk
                        property is an 8. 9 acre parcel of Town land.            This
                        property was deeded to the Town by the Rensselaer
                        Polytechnic Institute (RPI) for future park development,
                        as part of the approval process for development of the
                                    Technology Park upslope.         This land is
                        -currently undeveloped and includes part . of. a State-
                        'designated wetland.

                        Adjacent to all of these properties in the waterfront
                        area are the lands of RPI's Technology' Park.      The area
                        of this property, consisting of two adjacent parcels, is
                        1,082 acres, of which 90 acres are located on the river
                        flat, and close to 300 acres are on the escarpment. The
                        balance is outside the waterfront area.             Adjacent
                        property in Rensselaer on the river flat and escarpment
                        is also held by RPI. Development of the Technology Park
                        has been proceeding on the plateau since 1981 for
                        research, development and related light manufacturing
                        facilities, in addition to a wide variety of tech-
                        nologies service operations.     The escarpment and river
                        flat areas of this property are currently undeveloped.
                        The RPI Technology Park has put forth a proposal to
                        develop offices, a hotel and conference center on this
                        section of the property.     These uses would change the
                        present character of the waterfront, and were taken into
                        consideration during development of the LWRP.

                        Upland from the river but in the waterfront area is the
                        nearly 13 acre parcel of the New York National Guard
                        Armory located near the western terminus of Glenmore
                        Road.    There are also portions of several smaller,
                        privately held parcels in the waterfront area which have
                        access onto Glenmore and Glenwood Roads.


                        Prior to adoption of the LWRP, the waterfront area lay
                        within two zoning districts. The AR (Agricultural and
                        Residential) zone) encompassed most of the waterfront
                        area.   This district permits single family residences,
                        agricultural uses, parks and reforestation areas,
                        recreation    clubs,   and . planned     unit    residential
                        development.    A portion of the waterfront area, about
                        -1,200 to 1,600 feet upslope from the railroad, is zoned
                        IG (Industry) , to permit development of the Rensselaer
                        Technology Park.     This district prohibits residential
                        uses.


                        Land adjacent  to the waterfront  area to the north in the
                        City of'Troy is zoned for heavy   industry, while adjacent
                        land to the south   in-the City   of Rensselaer, including
                        some 97  -acres owned by RPI, is zoned LC (Land Conser-
                        vation).    Permitted uses under the LC classification


                                              11-5










                   include     farming--agricultural      and     horticultural
                   activities; parks, athletic f ields and open space; and
                   golf courses.

                   The established zoning classification of the Town's
                   waterfront area was inappropriate when viewed from either
                   an agricultural or residential perspective. The land is
                   principally either man-made (i.e., dredge disposal) or
                   protected marsh, in each instance neither suitable nor
                   utilized for productive agricultural use.       As a flood-
                   prone area, the land is also unsuited to residential
                   development, in that the first habitable floor of resid-
                   ential structures must, in accordance with the provisions
                   of the National Flood Insurance Program, be located above
                   the 100-year flood elevation. Rezoning consistent with
                   coastal policies and the "Proposed Land and Water Uses
                   Plan" which follows in Section IV has been adopted (See
                   Section V).

             b.    Water-Delpendent Uses


                   Water-dependent uses in North Greenbush are extremely
                   limited.   There are no industrial or commercial water-
                   dependent uses in the Town, nor has there been in the
                   past.   The Hudson River is used for treated effluent
                   discharge from the sewage treatment plant.        A seawall
                   along most of t-he Town's riverfront, built during the
                   19301 s, serves as an erosion control and flood protection
                   structure. Recreational activities, particularly pleas-
                   ure boating and fishing, are accommodated on the river,
                   although there is currently no access on the riverfront.
                   There are no water-enhanced uses along the riverfront.

              C.   Vacant and Underutilized Sites


                   Much of the North Greenbush waterfront is underutilized
                   due to natural and artificial factors which limit access.
                   The sewage treatment property on the river flat      '  while
                   developed in part, is underutilized near the Troy city
                   boundary.    The Niagara Mohawk property serves -,s a
                   utility corridor, but its river frontage is likewise
                   underutilized. The Town and RPI parcels are totally un-
                   developed, although not in virgin condition due to human
                   activity over the years. The State-designated wetland,
                   located on parts of the RPI, T.@wn and Niagara Mohawk
                   properties should not be considered underutilized in
                   terms of having development potential as it serves
                   important ecological functions of floodwater control,-
                   water purification and habitat mainLenance.       Along the
                   Troy-Greenbush rail line, there is evidence of garbage
                   and debris dumping. The infrequent use of this line and



                                         11-6










                      its physical condition, which are discussed later, seem
                      to invite this sort of activity.

                d..   Recreation and Public Access

                      As a result of the access barriers created by the
                      railroad and the escarpment,   recreational facilities in
                      the Town of North Greenbush are located on the plateau,
                      away    from  the   river.     Athletic    activities    are
                      accommodated at the Bucky Egan Memorial Field on Williams
                      Road with other recreational opportunities at the Town
                      Park east of   Winter Street.    other facilities include
                      the Wynantskill Union Free Elementary School property on
                      White View Road and the Hudson Valley Community College.

                      The escarpment creates the principal natural access
                      barrier between the plateau section of the town and the
                      riverfront. Exacerbating this situation are artificial
                      barriers such as the railroad, a physical barrier, and
                      the legal  access barriers of the sewage treatment plant
                      and the    transmission line corridor.         River Road,
                      extending  between Rensselaer and the sewage treatment
                      plant, is  a combined physical and legal barrier as it is
                      a private  road, and is in a condition that deters some
                      amount of vehicular traffic-.    A roadway along side the
                      railroad,  on the right-of-way, is filled with numerous
                      potholes and mudholes which makes travel difficult. The
                      paved sewage treatment plant road is restricted to most
                      traffic and the entrance gates to it in Troy are often
                      closed on weekends and evenings. Finally, the seawall
                      prevents access to the shoreline from the river because
                      of its design. The closest boat access location is about
                      one mile south of the Town-City boundary in the City of
                      Rensselaer.    This boat launch, at the -foot of Tracy
                      Street, is maintained by Rensselaer County, and consists
                      of an unpaved graded access ramp that was cut out of the
                      seawall. There is also a boat launch in Albany, a short
                      distance further south in the City's Corning Preserve
                      which is more fully developed and has extensive parking
                      facilities.


                      In' spite of the access barriers discussed above, the
                     .North Greenbush waterfront is utilized for recreation,
                      albeit unofficially.    Such activities include jogging,
                      dog walking, hunting and target shooting (as evidenced
                      by empty shotgun shells along the railroad) plus the use
                      of'off-road or all-terrain vehicles.







                                            11-7











         2.    Geolo

              a.   Topography (see Map No. 3)

                   North Greenbush is situated within the Hudson River
                   lowland physiographic. province, west of the Taconic
                   Highlands.     The lowland is characterized by rolling
                   plateau with isolated hills, reflecting the underlying
                   bedrock geology. The Hudson River has cut a trench over
                   a mile wide in this province, separated from the plateau
                   by a sharp escarpment zone of approximately one quarter
                   to one half mile in width, where elevations drop from
                   around 150 to 200 feet on the plateau to sea level at the
                   river.    Slopes along the escarpment often exceed 25%.
                   The escarpment is penetrated by several deep fingerlike
                   ravines extending into the plateau area to the east and
                   draining an area of approximately 1,850 acres in the
                   gently sloping and rolling plateau areas.         The river
                   floodplain or "flat" is essentially level and ranges from
                   200 to 1,200 feet in width in the waterfront area. Much
                   of the river flat in the Town, has been built up by
                   deposition of dredge materials by the Army Corps of
                   Engineers in its efforts to improve navigation and flood
                   control along this reach of the Hudson River.

                   The topography has strongly influenced development
                   patterns in the western portion of "*he Town.             The
                   escarpment has been a barrier to access along the river,
                   and development has been concentrated on the plateau.

              b.   Bedrock Geolocry


                   Underlying the Town's waterfront area are shales,
                   siltstones and greywackes of the Ordovician age.
                   Evidence for this is based upon field investigation
                   conducted by Elam in 1960, from isolated exposures found
                   in the ravine walls, as much of the bedrock is buried
                   under a thick mantle of more recent surficial deposits
                   (see Map No. 3). The westernmost part    of the waterfront,
                   encompassing the river flat and parts    of the escarpment,
                   is underlain by the Taconic Melange,     a chaotic mixture
                   of sandstone, siltstone and limestone slide blocks in a
                   pelitic (shaley and silty) matrix. Immediately east of
                   the Taconic Melange and south of the Niagara Mohawk
                   transmission lines, is a small area of the Austin Glen
                   formation.    This unit consists of greywackes and grey
                   shales, and   is exposed along the lower reaches of the
                   Skipper Killitje. Most of the easterly reaches of the
                   escarpment and ravines is underlain by the gray shales,
                   siltstones and mudstones of the Normanskill Shale.
                   Exposures of this unit are along the lower ravine wall



                                         11-8











                     of the Snoeken Kill and the stream to the south (Hudson
                     River tributary No. 229).

                     Surficial Geolocty

                     The North Greenbush waterfront area is characterized by
                     an extensive cover of surficial deposits, of two types:
                     alluvium and lacustrine, or lake deposited, clays. The
                     lacustrine clays were deposited towards the end of
                     continental glaciation during the Wisconsonian Stage
                     retreat, between 15,800 and 12,450 years ago. As the ice
                     sheet retreated northward drainage flowing from the de-
                     glaciated areas east of North Greenibush fed into the
                     Hudson River trench and adjacent lowlands, which had
                     existed in a similar form in pre-glacial times. Due to
                     extensive deposits to the south, and the retreating ice
                     front to the north, melt-waters in the Hudson Valley
                     formed glacial Lake Albany. Extensive amounts of clay,
                     silt and beach ridge sand and gravel were deposited in
                     this low energy environment, from Hyde Park north to
                     Whitehall.


                     The "Lake Albany clay" deposits consist of blue-gray
                     chocolate colored rhythmically bedded clays and silts,
                     with numerous interbedded pebble gravels. These deposits
                     have been observed to exceed 100 feet in places (La
                     Fleur, 1965).    A thin layer of sand and pebble silts,
                     less than four feet thick, overlays the clay on the
                     escarpment near the WRPI radio tower.

                     These clay deposits can pose a significant landslide
                     hazard in areas having slopes greater than 120(27%) and
                     vertical relief greater than 40 feet (Robak & Fickies,
                     198 3) (se e Map No. 6). These conditions are particularly
                     pronounced in the ravines.      The clays become soft and
                     plastic with increasing wetness and depth. Engineering
                     and siting considerations should be taken seriously
                     regarding development along the escarpment and ravines,
                     as well as the upland plateau areas immediately adjacent
                     to these steeply sloping areas.

                     In. terms of stability, the bedrock exposures in the
                     ravines present less problems as their slopes are
                     considered to be more stable (RPI University Park Master
                     Plan, 1981). But these exposures are extremely limited
                     in size and location, and do not lessen the overall
                     stability problems associated with the escarpment.

                     Along the river flat are the most recent deposits of
                     alluvium and dredge sediments, with organic deposits
                     occurring in the vicinity of the wetland.



                                           11-9












         3.    soils


               The soils in the North Greenbush waterfront area can be
               divided into two groups; those in the river flat areas, and
               those along the escarpment and ravines.

               The soils along the river flat consist primarily of dredge and
               fill material and alluvium, classified as "sandy udorthents".
               organic deposits occur adjacent to the wetland. Adjacent to
               the south and north ends of the wetlands, but east of the
               railroad, is the Limerick Silty Loam, gentle slope (3-10%)
               variant. All these soils are subject to frequent flooding and
               have wetness problems which can impose severe restrictions on
               development.   The Limerick soils are also subject to frost
               action.


               The soils on the escarpments and ravines are predominantly
               Hudson Silt Loam, steep, 25 to 40% slopes, Hudson Silt Loam
               hilly, 10 to 30% slope and Hudson Silt Loam, 8 to 15% slopes.
               The Elmridge Fine Sandy Loam occurs on the top of the
               escarpment near the armory on Glenmore Road and between the
               Snoecken Kill and stream 229.

               At the base of the escarpment are more gently sloping variants
               of the Hudson Silt Loam. Much of the Hudson Silt Loam soils
               are derived from the Lake Albany clays and silts described
               above.   As a result, these soils pose severe problems for
               development because of wetness, low strength, high plasticity
               a@@a potential for frost action.    Special engineering consi-
               derations would be necessary for any successful development
               on these soils. The Elmridge fine sandy loam, formed also
               from underlying clay deposits is also problematic with regard
               to wetness, low strength, slope and frost action. This places
               severe restrictions for construction of pipelines and roads
               but only moderate restriction on construction of buildings and
               recreational facilities.


               Most of the Hudson River shoreline in North Greenbush has been
               altered, principally through dredge spoil deposition by the
               Army Corps of Engineers in efforts to improve river naviga-
               tion and flood control. The various tributaries of the Hudson
               deposit sediment from the plateau and escarpment areas during
               periods of high flow, particularly in the spring, into the
               river.  Because of this, the Works Progress Administration
               (WPA) constructed the seawall found along the length of the
               Town's river shoreline during the 19301s, to assist in
               channelizing the navigable river. This seawall or revetment
               wall is maintained by the Corps.






                                          II-10











          4.   wildlife Resources


                a.   Significant Habitats

                     No Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitats of Statewide
                     Significance   have   been    designated   within     North
                     Greenbush.'s waterfront area.   Nevertheless, the wetland
                     discussed below and the river adjacent to the Town
                     constitute an important wildlife habitat.       Waterfowl,
                     such as redhead ducks, canvasbacks and mallards, are
                     present in the wetland during spring and fall migration,
                     feeding and resting. Other species of marsh birds may
                     also be present. The river waters within the waterfront
                     area provides a spawning and nursery area for various
                     fish species such as herring, white perch, shad and
                     striped bass.

               b.    Wetlands (see Map No. 6)

                     The State Legislature has declared that it is "the public
                     policy of the State to preserve, protect and conserve
                     freshwater wetlands and the benefits derived therefrom"
                     (section 24-0103, Environmental conservation Law).
                     Accordingly, the Department of Environmental Conservation
                     (DEC) is identifying and mapping all freshwater wetlands
                     larger than 12.4 acres (final maps for Rensselaer County
                     have been filed). Protected streams are those streams
                     which are navigable and/or classified by the Health
                     Department as C(T) or above.    Under Articles 15 and 24
                     of the Environmental Conservation Law, any development
                     of protected wetlands requires a "wetlands" or "stream
                     protection" permit from DEC. Based on their evaluation
                     of the permit application, DEC may limit development,
                     require mitigative measures or prevent development.

                     one wetland has been designated in the waterfront area:
                     TS-105, located immediately south of the Rensselaer
                     County Sewage Treatment Plant, is shown on Map 6.

                     The TS-105 wetland is rated by DEC as a Class II wetland.
                     It is a fresh water tidal marsh of 40-50 acres that
                     collects drainage from several- tributaries of Hudson
                     Tributary stream No. 228, which includes the skipper
                     Killitie (228-1). In turn, this wetland drains into the
                     Hudson River at its southwestern corner, through a
                     culverted inlet underneath River Road.     Wetland TS-105
                     is reputed to be the furthest inland tidal basin along
                     the United States coast.

                     This wetland is separated from the Hudson River by a bank
                     of dredge spoils that has developed over the years from
                     channel dredging by the Corps of Engineers. The spoil

                                          II-11











                    bank had subsequently been mined for sand and gravel up
                    to 15 years ago. This mining has resulted in a gradual
                    extension of the wetland in a southerly and westerly
                    direction.


                    Wetland vegetation includes shallow freshwater marsh
                    species such as purple loosestrife (Lysthrum saliciaria)
                    and cattail (Typha augustfolia) and seasonally-flooded
                    deciduous trees and shrubs.     There.is extensive plant
                    cover on the water's surface.


                    The streams in the escarpment, discussed below, have not
                    been classified by DEC as "protected". Thus, no permit
                    is required for either constructing stream crossings or
                    for discharge of storm drainage.

              C.    Vegetation and Wildlife

                    The North Greenbush waterfront area is characterized by
                    extensive vegetation on the river flat and the
                    escarpment. Hardwood species are predominant. The river
                    flat area is characterized by mature cottonwoods present
                    along the river shoreline and wetlands, with an under-
                    story of shrubs and herbaceous plant species common to
                    gravel soils and wet areas, such as willows and poplars.

                    The escarpments and ravines in particular are more
                    densely wooded than the river flat. Field studies (RPI
                    University Park Master Plan, 1981) identified plant
                    communities in various successional stages growing
                    towards an oak-hickory forest.      This is the typical
                    forest composition in the Hudson Valley. While white oak
                    (Quercus alba) is  'the dominant species in this com-
                    munity, beech (Fagus gradifolia) and chestnut oak
                    (Quercus prinus) are abundant on the escarpments, with
                    the eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadesis) , eastern white pine
                    (Pinus strobis) and basswood (Tillia americana) common
                    on the moister sides of the ravines, particularly along
                    the shaded slopes. Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), red
                    oak (Quercus rubra, var. borealis) and sugar maple (acer
                    saccharum) also occur on the slopes. Also found on the
                    more stable slope area were several species of her-
                    baceous plants listed by the state as "Protected", such
                    as maidenhair fern (Adiatum pedatum) and Trillium
                    (Trillium ceruum) - "Protected" designation (NYCRR 193.3)
                    indicates that while not necessarily rare, these plants,
                    because of their attractiveness, require permission of
                    the property owner prior to transplanting or picking.
                    Because of the present vegetative associations and the
                    lack of specific and/or isolated habitats, no rare or
                    endangered species have been found in the study area.



                                         11-12










                    Wildlife in the, study area is generally limited to small
                    birds and mammals coincidental with the plant communities
                    discussed, above. Many species are characteristic of the
                    transition between suburban and rural land use, and are
                    mobile in-utilizing the forested escarpment and ravines
                    in addition to the woods and open vacant fields of the
                    plateau.     Biting insects, such as deer flies and
                    mosquitos, are common to the wetlands and ravines. Birds
                    identified in this area include ruffed grouse, pheasant,
                    goshawk, hairy and downy woodpeckers, bank swallows,
                    chickadees, catbirds, northern orioles, scarlet tanagers,
                    eastern goldfinches and song sparrows. Along the river
                    flat several species of ducks such as redhead and canvas-
                    back are present as noted above. Woodchucks, raccoons,
                    rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks are common in the wooded
                    escarpment.

         5.    Hydrology and Water Ouality


               a.   Drainage


                    The North Greenbush waterfront area lies within the Hudson
                    River drainage basin. The Hudson River has a mean eleva-
                    tion of near zero (sea level).        Since the river is an
                    "estuary" or tidal river, its actual elevation fluctuates
                    -daily.  The mean monthly tidal range is 4.6 feet on the
                    Town's waterfront, based on data by the National ocean
                    Survey (NOAA, 1977). Discharge measurements are taken at
                    the United States Geological Survey (USGS) gauging station
                    across the river from Troy at Green Island, about three
                    miles north of the Troy-North Greenbush boundary.           The
                    daily flow ranges from a minimum of 822 cubic feet per
                    second on September 2, 1968, to 152,000 cubic feet per
                    second on March 14, 1977, with a maximum instantaneous flow
                    of 181,000 cubic feet per second on December 31, 1948, and
                    an average flow of 13,700 cubic feet per second.

                    Seven streams drain from the plateau in ravines through the
                    escarpment towards the Hudson with a west-northwesterly
                    orientation.    For statistical and regulatory purposes,
                    these Hudson River tribut  *ary streams have been numerically
                    coded by DEC in progression starting at the mouth of the
                    river at New York Bay. Several of the streams also have
                    historic Dutch names (see Map No. 3).

                    The three southerly streams are part of a tributary system
                    to Stream 228, which empty into wetland TS-105, and thence
                    into the Hudson. Stream 228-2 is identified from the tax
                    maps as the "Skipper Killitiell (Killitje) .     Stream 228-
                    1 drains a portion of the Town, although it principally
                    flows within the City of Rensselear. Likewise, Stream 232
                    lies within the City of Troy along part of its length.

                                           11-13










                                    This stream, along with Stream 230 (the Snoeken Kill) and
                                    Stream 229, have no major tributaries and drain directly
                                    into the Hudson River.                           In total, these streams drain
                                    close-to 2,700 acres of plateau and escarpment area. The
                                    largest flows on these streams generally occur during
                                    spring runoff.

                                    There are a number of waterfalls and cascades on these
                                    streams up to 40 feet high which are most pronounced at
                                    this time.


                          b.        Flood Protection

                                    The Federal Emergency Management Agency has developed a
                                    flood insurance study and maps for the Town of North
                                    Greenbush that indicate flood events which are expected
                                    to be equalled or exceeded once during a 100 or 500 year
                                    period. The maps also show base flood elevation lines
                                    which indicate the anticipated water-surface elevation
                                    during a 100-year flood. Local planning requires that
                                    development must either be built above the base flood
                                    elevations or contain flood protection devices to this
                                    height. The 100-year flood plain area is shown on map
                                    No. 6.


                                    The 100-year flood plain area is generally coterminous
                                    with the "river flat" area described above.                                               The 100-
                                    year flood elevation ranges from 22 feet above mean sea
                                    level at the boundary of the City of Rensselaer, to 24
                                    feet at the boundary of Troy. This means that during a
                                    100-year flood, the entire river flat area, including the
                                    wetland, the sewage treatment plant and its access roads,
                                    would be under water. The seawall and an earthen levee
                                    along the Town's waterfront provide protection during
                                    minor floods and high tides.

                                    The 100-year flood elevation at the Albany gauging
                                    station, approximately two miles south of the Town of
                                    North Greenbush/City of Rensselaer boundary is estimated
                                    to be 21.0 feet.                     By way of historic comparison, the
                                    following "floods of record" have occurred at the Albany
                                    gauging station since 1900:

                                      Year                Flood Elevation    Estimated Return Period


                                    February 1900                20.4 feet            80   years
                                    Mal Ch    1902               19.0 feet            50   years
                                    March     1913               21.4 feet           100+  years
                                    March     1936               17.9 feet            33 years
                                    January   1949               17.5 feet            30   years




                                                                           11-14









                    Depending upon specific locations along the North
                    Greenbush, waterfront, these historic flood elevations at
                    the Albany gauging station were presumably exceeded here
                    by approximately 1 to 3 feet due to the upstream River
                    gradient which occurs.

                    Interestingly, the 1936 and 1949 floods occurred after
                    the Hudson-Black Regulatory District's construction of
                    the Sacandaga Reservoir (Conklingville) Dam in 1930
                    which, though primarily designed to augment low flows in
                    the Hudson during periods of little precip.itation, does
                    have incidental flood control benefits.


               C.   Surface Water Quality


                    Surface waters in the Town of North Greenbush are
                    monitored by the DEC. DEC monitors the Hudson River for
                    both conventional pollutants and toxic pollutants at the
                    Niagara Mohawk Albany power plant at Glenmont, about 5
                    1/2 miles south of North Greenbush, and the federal lock
                    and dam at Troy, over 3 1/2 miles to the north.
                    Parameters for conventional pollutants such as coliform,
                    fecal coliform, pH and dissolved oxygen are tested at
                    these sites once every four weeks throughout the year
                    except during January and February. Monitoring for toxic
                    compounds is done twice during the spring, summer and
                    fall seasons..


                    The quality of the Hudson River water has dramatically
                    improved over the past several years, principally due to
                    the development of sewage treatment facilities in Albany
                    County in 1974 and in Rensselaer county in 1976, and also
                    due to the cessation of PCB discharges by General
                    Electric in 1977 at their Fort Edward plant. The Hudson
                    River at North Greenbush is rated as Class "C" (i.e.,
                    freshwater suitable for the propagation and taking of
                    fish, but not for water supply or primary contact recrea-
                    tion). The seven tributary streams are rated as Class
                    "D", which indicates suitability for secondary contact,
                    but not for fish propagation due to low water or
                    intermittent flow conditions.      Stream 228 has been
                    recently recommended for upgrading to Class C, 'although
                    its tributaries have not.

                    Effluent from sewage treatment is discharged at the
                    Rensselaer County sewage treatment plant, the Albany
                    County sewage treatment plant across the river, and at
                    the East Greenbush treatment plant to the south.






                                         11-15






               d.   sewage                                                        0
                    The North Greenbush waterfront currently has no local
                    sewage service, as it is mostly undeveloped, nor is it
                    in a local sewage collection district.      However, the
                    Town's waterfront is the site of the treatment facilities
                    and interceptor mains of the Rensselaer County Sewer
                    District No. 1. This system serves both residential and
                    industrial customers in the urbanized areas of the
                    District, which include Brunswick, North Greenbush, Rens-
                    selaer, Sand Lake, Schaghticoke and Troy. Interceptor
                    mains extend along the east bank of the Hudson River
                    between the Port of Rensselaer and the Lansingburgh
                    section of Troy, beneath the railroad right-of-way,
                    collecting wastewater from upland mains to the treatment
                    facility.

                    The plant, has a 24 million gallon per day (mgd) capacity
                    of primary and secondary treatment. Prior to completion
                    of this facility in 1976, raw sewage was discharged
                    directly into the Hudson River.

                    Local sewage collection along the Town's waterfront would
                    be possible through either creation of a new local
                    collection district or extension of a special district
                    formed in 1982 to service the Rensselaer Technology Park.
                    Soil and hydrological conditions within the Town's
                    waterfront area would preclude the use of septic systems
                    for any development uses.

              e.    Toxic Waste


                    NYSDEC has no knowledge of any active or inactive
                    hazardous waste disposal sites within the North Greenbush
                    waterfront area.


              f.    Drinking Water and Grgundwater

                    The Town of North Greenbush does not have a municipal
                    water sys'tem. However, special assessment districts have
                    been established at the Rensselaer Technology Park and
                    the urbanized area east of North Greenbush Road (US 4).
                    Along' this road is a thirty-six inch main installed by
                    the Rensselaer-East Greenbush Water District, which
                    supplies this area.    The waterfront area of the Town
                    currently has no water service outside of a private
                    system serving the county sewage plant. This system has
                    very limited expansion potential.

                    The Rensselaer-East Greenbush Water District obtains
                    water from the City of Troy. The City's principal source
                    is the 11.7 billion gallon Tomhannock Reservoir located

                                        11-16










                    in Pittstown, about 10 1/2 miles northeast of Troy.
                    Estimated safe yield of the reservoir is 45.8 mgd. 7 mgd
                    is provided to the water district by agreement with the
                    City. Water is pumped from Burden Avenue in Troy along
                    North Greenbush Road towards the reservoir on Partition
                    Street Extension in the Town, adjacent to both Rensselaer
                    and East Greenbush.   Current water use for the entire
                    district is about 3 mgd.

         6.   Air Ouality and Climate


              a.    Air Ouality


                    The  New   York State     Department of Environmental
                    Conservation follows the federal Environmental Protection
                    Agency (EPA) quality standards for ambient air. Areas
                    where the ambient concentration of a pollutant is greater
                    than the standard for each major category of pollutant
                    (total suspended particulates, carbon monoxide, sulphur
                    dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and ozone) are considered to
                    be in non-attainment for that pollutant, and areas where
                  .ambient concentrations are less than standard are
                    considered in attainment.


                    The Town of North Greenbush and the adjacent surrounding
                    area is currently classified as an attainment area for
                    criteria pollutants. When considering the siting of a
                    new facility or modification of an existing facility, the
                    status of air quality at the facility and the magnitude
                    of the projected annual emissions of criteria pollutants
                    must be evaluated.


                    of concern, however, are the intermittent odor impacts
                    of both the Rensselaer County sewage treatment plant and
                    the Albany County sewage treatment plant on the opposite
                    shore of the river. These odors are reputedly under con-
                    tinuous monitoring by the respective plant operators and
                    generally held to the minimum levels possible under in-
                    place technology and the weather conditions experienced.
                    Prevailing winds on the Hudson River somewhat mitigate
                    the impact of these odors, providing for considerable air
                    movement at the location.


              b.    Climate


                    The climate in the Town of North Greenbush is continental
                    in character, subject to some modification from the
                    maritime climate which prevails in the extreme south-
                    eastern portion of New York State.        In* the summer,
                    temperatures rise rapidly during the daytime to moderate
                    levels, although week long periods of oppressive heat
                    occur occasionally.   Winters are cold and occasionally

                                         11-17









                    can be fairly severe, with nighttime temperatur@s
                    frequently dropping to 10OF or lower.         Snowfall is
                    variable, but ranges up to 75 inches per year at nearby
                    higher elevations. The annual average precipitation is
                    about 33 inches distributed evenly throughout the year.
                    Wind velocities in the area are moderate, with southerly
                    winds predominating most of the year except during winter
                    and early spring when west-northwesterly winds predomin-
                    ate. Average wind velocity is approximately 8 miles per
                    hour in this area.      The nearest first-order weather
                    station to North Greenbush is located 6.5 miles to the
                    northwest at the Albany County Airport.

               C.   Noise

                    The noise of truck and other vehicular traffic on the I-
                    787 arterial across the Hudson River is quite noticeable
                    from most points along the Town's waterfront, with the
                    prevailing winds serving to carry these sounds across the
                    River. In addition, the intermittent noise of aircraft
                    taking off and landing at the Albany County Airport, and
                    the less frequent noise of the railroad trains passing
                    either through the site or to the south across Livingston
                    Avenue Bridge between the cities of Albany and Rensselaer
                    is experienced. Neither the noise of aircraft nor the
                    railroad   is,   however,   particularly    sustained or
                    troublesome at this location.


          7.   Cultural and Archaeological Resources


               a.   Cultural Resources

                    Prior to settlement by the Dutch, the area encompassed
                    by the Town of North Greenbush was inhabited by the
                    Mohican and Schaghticoke tribes in scattered villages.

                    The manor of Rensselaer was established in 1629 by Kilean
                    Van Rensselaer and encompassed the western and southern
                    areas of present-day Rensselaer County.         The manor
                    flourished as an example of the European medieval feudal
                    system, even after the Revolution, as migrants from New
                    England settled as tenants on the manor. But relations
                    between   the tenants     and patroons (manor lords)
                    subsequently deteriorated throughout the region, and
                    between 1839 and 1850, battles of the Anti-Rent War took
                    place in this area.

                    After 1850 ,  land-owning farmers expanded agricultural
                    activity, and the hamlets of Wynantskill, Defreestville
                    and Snyders Lake grew.         In 1885, the Town was
                    incorporated. Much of the Town's growth has come about
                    within the last fifty years, a result of suburbanization

                                         11-18










                   trends in the Capital District.      Many residents work
                   outside the Town for various businesses or industries in
                   Troy, Rensselaer, Albany, or Colonie, or for the State
                   of New York, the region's biggest employer.

                   Much of the growth and development of North Greenbush has
                   been on the plateau. The riverfront and escarpment have
                   remained essentially undeveloped over the years.       The
                   banks of the Hudson have been altered by dredge
                   deposition and construction of the seawall in the 19301s.
                   The Troy-Greenbush Conrail spur was built around 1845 to
                   serve the burgeoning industrial activity in Troy and
                   Rensselaer. The most recent development along the water-
                   front has been the construction of the Renssalaer County
                   sewage treatment plant in the 19701s.

                   All historic sites in North Greenbush are located on the
                   plateau, outside of the waterfront area amd some distance
                   from the escarpment. Two important structures are worth
                   noting: The Defreest Homestead, a structure located on
                   Defreest Drive in the Rensselaer Technology Park, which
                   is listed on the National Register of Historic Places,
                   and the John E. Van Alen house on the south side of
                   Washington Avenue Extension. Both structures date from
                   the late 18th century.

              b.   Archaeologic Resources

                   Although there have been no detailed studies within the
                   waterfront area, a prehistoric site has been identified
                   by the New York state Museum along the riverfront and
                   historic maps show several house sites on the river (see
                   Exhibit A).


         8.   Transportation


              Transportation in the North Greenbush waterfront area is by
              private vehicles, railroad, boat, off-road vehicle, or foot.
              However, legal and physical barriers restrict access to the
              waterfront by the general public.

              Two roads extend from the sewage treatment plant along the
              east bank of the river. Extending southerly from the plant
              is a 1.7 mile long unpaved one-lane road, identified as "River
              Road` from tax maps which is in poor to.impassible condition.
              It originally terminated at Forbes Avenue in Rensselaer, but
              has been abandoned between this point and the Patroon Island
              Bridge (1-90).    River Road was built to provide equipment
              access during the sewage plant construction and during spoil
              bank excavation. Northward from the plant is a two lane paved
              road which is gated at its north end at the base of Water
              Street in Troy, at the Chevron Asphalt plant near the Troy-


                                        11-19











                Menands Bridge. This road is used for employee and service
                access for the plant, but closed to the general public.

                A third road follows the Conrail line from Forbes Avenue in
                Rensselear to the paved sewage plant access road at a point
                roughly 800 feet north of the. plant facilities.    This road
                utilizes the portion of the Conrail right-of-way which at one
                time was used for a second track.      It is in f air to poor
                shape, but in.spite of potholes and mud holes, can be driven
                on. It is 10 to 11 feet wide, with a gravel and pebble base,
                although at some sections crossing the tributaries, the road
                consists of large stones, indicating repairs made to the
                entire right-of-way because of erosion of the original fill.
                In spite of this road being on Conrail property, it is used
                by vehicles, perhaps en route to trash dumping. Leading from
                the road up the hillsides are numerous foot paths and off-
                road or all-terrain vehicle tracks. This road also provides
                access to River Road under the Patroon Island Bridge.

                on the plateau, the public street system has been more
                extensively developed, however there is no direct access from
                these streets to the river within the Town. Access to the two
                roads discussed above is either through Rensselaer or Troy,
                via North Greenbush Road (US4).    North Greenbush Road is a
                State-maintained urban principal arterial serving Defreest-
                ville and other portions of western North Greenbush along its
                3 1/2 mile north-south traverse of the Town. It links up with
                the Troy-Menands Bridge (NY 378), and Morrison Avenue in Troy,
                Hudson Valley Community College, the Rensselaer Technology
                Park, Washington Avenue Extension and various county
                facilities in the Town, and with 1-90 in East Greenbush. To
                the south, US 4 also collects traffic from various side roads
                such as Williams Street (NY 136), Winter Street, Bloomingrove
                Drive and *West Sand Road (NY 43), which in turn provides
                access to Wynantskill, Snyders Lake, and other areas in the
                eastern part of the Town, as well as to neighboring towns.
                Washington Avenue is an urban minor arterial providing direct
                access from the southern part of the Town with 1-90. It is
                a county road in North Greenbush, but is City- maintained in
                Rensselaer.   1-787, the' Riverfront Arterial, follows the
                western shore of the Hudson in Albany County, and connects
                directly with 1-90 and Troy Menands Bridge.

                Traf f ic congestion on North Greenbush Road/US 4 is quite
                pronounced during rush ("peak") hours, particularly due to
                Hudson Valley Community College, shopping centers in Troy,
                ongoing residential development in the Town, and more
                recently, the development of the RPI Technology Park.
                Continued residential growth and expansion of the Technology
                Park will add traffic to this artery, as well as Washington
                Avenue. As a response to this, studies have been conducted
                on handling what is seen to be primarily growth in automobile

                                         11-20










                traffic. -A proposal has been made for a controlled access
                highway extending from 1-90 in East Greenbush north through
                the RPI Technology Park, west of North Greenbush Road/US 4 and
                terminating on that road near the Glenmore Road/Williams Road
                intersection near Hudson Valley Community College.       Studies
                have been conducted by the Capital District Transportation
                Committee .(CDTC) and the New York State Department of
                Transportation (NYSDOT) recently, but funding for construction
                of this road is lacking at this time as most highway funds are
                currently earmarked for maintenance and rehabilitation of
                existing facilities.    A cooperative effort by NYSDOT, the
                County, CDTC, and RPI would be necessary to provide funding,
                and such efforts could be problematic at this time. The only
                section of this proposed road that would be likely to be
                constructed in the near future would be a connector from I-
                90 to the Defreestville intersection of Washington Avenue,
                Best Road, West Sand Lake Road (NY 43) and US 4. This would
                alleviate a long-standing congestion problem on Washington
                Avenue. Nevertheless, right-of-way is being set aside in the
                RPI Technology Park for the northern section of the highway
                if it should be built at a later date.


                Several roads traverse the plateau west of North Greenbush
                .Road/US 4, including Jordan Road and Glenmore Road. Jordan
                Road serves as the principal interior access road of the
                Rensselaer Technology Park, and is the only road that connects
                the Technology Park with the outside street network at the
                present stage of development.      Glenmore Road, sections of
                which are under county, Town and private jurisdiction, is the
                only road which extends towards the edge of the escarpment,
                terminating less than a quarter mile from the river. However,
                the steep escarpment creates an access barrier which is
                further compounded by the fact that this end of Glenmore Road
                is privately owned (by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) and
                closed to the public.     Glenmore Road primarily serves the
                National Guard Armory and the WRPI radio tower facilities.

                Bus service is available on the plateau by the Capital
                District Transportation Authority (CDTA) .     The No. 24 bus
                route serves North Greenbush along North Greenbush Road (US
                4) on weekdays, connecting with Troy, Rensselaer, and other
                bus routes in the CDTA system at Albany. Regional and inter-
                state bus transportation is available at the Greyhound and
                Trailways bus stations in Albany.

                Railroad service in the North Greenbush waterfront is
                restricted to freight operations along the single track Troy-
                Greenbush rail line, owned by Conrail but used jointly by
                Conrail and the Delaware and Hudson (D&H) . There is generally
                one round trip per weekday by Conrail and one per month by the
                D & H. The physical conditions of the railbed and trackage
                ranges from marginal to highly deteriorated. This line serves


                                           11-21










             one customer in Rensselaer, the sewage treatment plant in the
             Town and several customers in the industrial area of Troy
             south of Adams Street, and connects with the Conrail main
             lines near the Amtrak station and facilities in Rensselaer.
             The Amtrak station provides the only passenger rail
             connections from Rensselaer County to Boston, Buffalo, and New
             York City.   There was a proposal put forth recently by the
             office of the Mayor of Albany to establish excursion passenger
             service between Albany and Troy, via Rensselaer.       To do so
             would require a significant expenditure of funds to upgrade
             the line to Federal standards for passenger service, and this
             proposal seems unlikely to be realized.

             The Hudson River serves the Capital District region as an
             important freight corridor.     Much of the shipping activity
             terminates at the Port of Albany-Rensselaer facilities, about
             3 1/2 miles south of the Town's waterfront. There is however,
             commercial barge and.pleasure boat activity on this section
             of the river because of connections to the State's barge canal
             system at Troy and Cohoes. The Army Corps of Engineers main-
             tains a 400 feet wide and 14 feet deep channel about 100 feet
             west of the seawall, although channel depths measured by the
             Corps in August and September 19 83 along the Town Is waterfront
             ranged from 15 1/2 to 16 1/2 feet.       The presence of this
             channel so close to the seawall must     be considered in the
             design of docking facilities for recreational boats on the
             Town's waterfront.

             The nearest airline service is at the Albany County Airport
             in the Town of Colonie, roughly 6 1/2 miles northwest of the
             Town's waterfront area.


       9.    Franchise and Other Community Services

             a.   The western.half of the Town, including the waterfront
                  area, is served by the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation.
                  Two 115 kilovolt (kV) circuits traverse the waterfront
                  upper plateau linking the Reynolds Road transmission
                  substation on, Bloomingrove Road with the Menands
                  substation and the ALTech Specialty Company station in
                  the Town of Colonie. The distribution system is absent
                  along the waterfront, but exists on the plateau,
                  following development.      Primary distribution follows
                  North Greenbush Road at 13.2 kV. in the north, serving
                  Hudson Valley Community College and the RPI Technology
                  Park from the Menands and Reynolds Road 115 kV stations
                  and 4.8 kV in the vicinity of Defreestville from the
                  Defreestville 34.5 kV station on Washington Avenue Exten-
                  sion. Currently, the only electric customer along the
                  riverfront is the sewage treatment plant, which is sup-
                  plied from the A.L. Tech-Reynolds Road 115 kV circuit.
                  Further development of the waterfront and the RPI

                                       11-22










                      Technology Park upslope would be served by additional
                      substations on both 115 kV lines which Niagara Mohawk has
                      deemed sufficient to meet primary electrical demands.

                b.    Gas

                      Natural gas services in the Town is also supplied by
                      Niagara Mohawk. The Consolidated Gas Supply maintains
                      a spur transmission line and metering (point-of -sales)
                      station on Reynolds Road, south of the electric sub-
                      station, from its principal transmission lines, in
                      Schodack. North of this point this 12 inch transmission
                      line is owned by Niagara Mohawk and supplies gas to the
                      Town, Troy and northern Albany County. A 12   inch branch
                      line follows Glenmore Road and crosses under the Hudson
                      to serve customers in Menands.       Niagara  Mohawk has
                      adequate capacity for expansion and is presently
                      accommodating new non-residential as well as  residential
                      users. Currently there are no natural gas customers on
                      the Town's waterfront.


                C.    Telephone


                      Telephone service in the Town is from the New York
                      Telephone Company, as part of the Troy exchange.
                      Existing facilities are extendable and sufficient to meet
                      anticipated demands.    The sewage treatment plant is
                      currently the only telephone customer in the waterfront.
                      A submarine and underground cable parallels the north
                      side of the Niagara Mohawk 115 kV transmission right-
                      of-way.

                d.    Solid Waste


                      Currently, the Town of North Greenbush does not operate
                      a municipal solid waste disposal service.          Private
                      haulers collect solid waste, much of which is disposed
                      of in the Troy or East Greenbush sanitary landfills. The
                      Town is eligible to utilize the Albany, New York Solid
                      Waste Energy Recovery System (ANSWERS) at present time,
                      but has not acted on this.     There are no solid waste
                      disposal sites located within the Town.

                e.    Fire. Police and Schools

                      The waterfront area is within the Defreestville Fire
                      District, which is headquartered on North Greenbush Road.
                      Additional support is provided from the Wynantskill Fire
                      District and the Rensselaer and Troy Fire Departments.
                      The Town has a full time police department headquartered
                      on Snyders Lake Road.    The waterfront area is in the
                      Wynantskill Union Free School District.


                                           11-23












         10.  visual Resources


              In spite of its location along the Hudson River, views from
              the plateau area of the Town to the river are non-existent.
              The generally level nature of the plateau in conjunction with
              the narrow river trench and the wooded, narrow escarpments
              combine to effectively obscure the river's visibility. What
              is visible is the escarpment on the western shore in Menands
              and Colonie.    This area is quite urbanized, but with much
              green space. To the southwest are the high-rise buildings of
              downtown Albany.

              The wooded escarpment and river flat are unto themselves a
              visual asset for observers on the Town's waterfront, in the
              river and from the western shore of the river. Aside from the
              sewage treatment plant, the power lines and the WRPI radio
              tower on Glenmore Road, the waterfront area is undeveloped.
              Its emerging vegetation provides visual relief to motorists
              on 1-787 or boaters on the river, in contrast to the adjacent
              developed areas of Rensselaer and Troy. The river flat area
              aesthetics are enhanced by the backdrop of the wooded escarp-
              ment.   Site color provided by the vegetation, particularly
              that on the river flat, is subdued during the warmer months,
              but is somewhat stark in the winter.       A greater variety of
              hardwood tree species on the escarpment in conjunction with
              scattered    evergreens,   provides    greater   color    variety,
              particularly during autumn. The ravines are visually worthy,
              as well, as they provide a visual complement to the steep
              slopes and associated forest cover.

              Minor negative visual elements are the power lines, the sewage
              treatment plant facilities, and the radio tower. But these
              features are outweighed by the overall visual character of an
              undeveloped waterfront.

         C.   DEVELOPMENT ISSUES


         The primary issue in the North Greenbush waterfront is to establish
         guidelines for access to and use of the riverfront in a way that
         protects the riverfront environment.          More specifically, the
         following concerns must be addressed:

         1.   Encouraciinci More Active Use of the Waterfront in Light of the
              Difficulty of Access and the Sensitive Environment.


              Despite having two miles of river frontage, the Town of North
              Greenbush and its residents receive no benefits from it. The
              riverfront north and south of the town is devoted to
              industrial uses. Although there are obstacles to be overcome,
              as described above, the opportunities that will result from
              use of the riverfront warrant the effort to do so, if
              carefully planned.          11-24











               Although there are obstacles to be overcome, as described
               above, the opportunities that will result from use of the
               riverfront warrant the effort to do so, if carefully planned.

          2.   Appropriate Design of Riverfront Access

               The fragile soils of the escarpment must be recognized in the
               design of an access road to the river. The location of such
               a road must consider the unstable conditions, steep grades and
               existing vegetation.

          3.   Guidelines for Land Use in the Waterfront Area


               Because of the ownership pattern, access           itions, and
               environmental limitations, the type and intensity of use must
               be carefully controlled.        The benefits of waterfront
               development providing access and recreation opportunities must
               be balanced against the potential damage to the environment.










































                                         11-25






                           @iver Flat                                                          Ic

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                        source: LaFleur   (1965)                                               -
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                                 North Greenbush,   TOWN OF               NORIPH           kGREENBUSH
                                    LWRP Prelim.    Shuster Associates                         Planning Consultants
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                                               Property Lines (Numbers
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                                               listing below)                                        78
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                                                                                            LOCAL              WATERFRONT                     REVITALIZATION                        PROGRAM
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                          INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS EXHIBIT


                       WATERFRONT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES



   0











   0
























                          ARCHEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SURVEY


                                       OF RPI'S


                               NORTH GREENBUSH PROPERTY



                                     Field Survey













                                      Prepared by



                                    Charles Fisher



                       Department of Anthropology and sociology

                           Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

                                 Troy, New York 12181














                                       July 1980





























                                        ABSTRACT




               This report details the archeological f ield study of the
          proposed Technology/University Park in North Greenbush, Rensselaer
          County, New York. The literature review and background study has
          been previously submitted.

               Twenty historic and prehistoric sites ranging from the Late
          Archaic period (c. 2000 B.C.), including early historic 18th
          century settlements and 19th century farms, to modern dwellings
          were located in this survey.

               Nine sites (three historic and six prehistoric) are within
          areas of planned development.    One of these (Site 1) is already
          listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Another three
          prehistoric and two historic sites may be preserved by avoidance,
          since they are in areas of secondary development.

               If these sites are not -avoided by the proposed development,
          additional archeological investigation is recommended in order to
          determine if these sites are eligible for inclusion in the National
          Register of Historic Places.






                                                 MaD 2:       Ar=heolo2ical and Historical Site                       Locations



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                       /Wat@r










               Standing structures outside of the project, area, but near the
          boundaries (sites 3,4, 19, 20) were photographed and recorded on
          inventory forms of the New York State Department of Parks and
          Recreation, Division for Historic Preservation.   Identification of
          these structures was primarily based upon. correlations with
          historic maps and other references.

               The field survey, directed at site location, did not involve
          large area excavations at any single location.     Subsurface tests
          were excavated in the vicinity of previous tests that located early
          historic or prehistoric material.       These tests attempted to
          delineate the size of the archeological site, as well as its depth
          and content. However, it should be noted that minimal excavation
          was conducted in high artifact density areas within these sites,
          since the objective was primarily to locate and delimit areas of
          archeological deposits. This method has resulted in generally low
          numbers of artifacts from these sites. This cannot be considered
          representative of the actual artifact content at these sites.

               The following report will focus on those subsurface tests that
          yielded prehistoric or early historic items and have been
          considered archeological sites. The large number of tests which
          did not produce material evidence were recorded and located. The
          field records from these tests are on file in the archeology lab
          at R.P.I.


                The sites located during this survey include:

                1.  The Defreest Homestead - National Register Historic
                    Places District


                2.  J. Manville House Site (possibly 18th century Marte
                    Defreest House Site)

                3.  Gardner House (M. Bloomingdale) (off R.P.I. property)

                4.  G.P. Bloomingdale House (off R.P.I. property)

                5.  Haydock House Foundation (19th century)

                6.  Radio Tower Area Prehistoric Site (vicinity of Tests 960,
                    975)

                7.  (Parker Site not located in field - see Literature
                    Review)

                8.  Manville Field Prehistoric Site - west of Site 2
                    (vicinity of Tests 135, 160)

                9.  Alfalfa Field and Pasture Prehistoric Site (vicinity of
                    Tests 736, 812, 815)

                10. Prehistoric Site (vicinity of Test 998)











              11.   Prehistoric Site (vicinity of Test 1005)

              12.   Prehistoric Site (vicinity of Tests 1070   and 1072)

              13.   Prehistoric Site (vicinity of Test 1114)

              14.   Prehistoric Site, field south of P. Defreest House (Site
                    1 )

              15.   Prehistoric Site, field west of Dudley Heights Road.

              16.   G. Manville House Site (Late 19th ced@-ury)

              17.   Prehistoric Site and 18th century House Site

              18.   Church Property (20th century)

              19.   C. Slitter House (east side of Glenwood Road) (off R.P. I.
                    property)

              20.   Slitter House (west side of Glenwood Road) (off R.P.I.
                    property)

                    The locations of these sites are shown on Map 2.



         SITE 1


              The National Register of Historic Places lists the Philip
         Defreest House and surrounding grouds as part of the Historic
         Defreest Homestead District (Map 3).       The previously submitted
         Literature Review included the National Register Nomination form
         and boundaries for this District.


              The site, as shown on the project map (Map 4), consisted of
         a house (Photo 1), garages (Photo 2), two barns, (Photo 3), and
         several sheds.



















                                        Table 19







                       Age Estimates for Prehistoric Occupation





          Site       Point Type            Period         Approximate Dates


            I        "narrow-stemmed"     Late Archaic       2000 - 1900 B.C.


                     Susquehanna Broad    Late Archaic       1500 - 1000 B.C.



            6        "narrow-stemmed"     Late Archaic       2000 - 1500 B.C.



           11        "narrow-stemmed"     Late Archaic       2000 - 1500 B.C.



           14        Levanna'             Late middle to       850 - 1400 A.D.
                                          Late Woodland






  e--























                                 SECTION III


                             WATERFRONT POLICIES




  0











   0












         III. LOCAL POLICIES AND APPLICABLE STATE POLICIES


              This section includes a listing of each State Coastal Policy
              and an indication of its applicability to the Town of North
              Greenbush.   Also included are additional local policies and
              an explanation of how both State and local policies relate to
              the local waterfront area.


         Development Policies


         POLICY I       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE RESTORATION
                        "AND REDEVELOPMENT OF DETERIORATED WATERFRONT AREAS
                        IS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH.


         POLICY 2       FACILITATE THE SITING OF WATER-DEPENDENT USES AND
                        FACILITIES ON OR ADJACENT TO COASTAL WATERS.


         POLICY.2A      FACILITATE THE SITING OF WATER-ENHANCED USES AND
                        FACILITIES, SOUTH OF THE NIAGARA MOHAWK POWER LINES
                        WEST OF THE RAIL ROAD, ADJACENT TO COASTAL WATERS,
                        IN COORDINATION WITH DEVELOPMENT AND RETENTION OF
                        WATER-DEPENDENT USES.


         Explanation of Policy:


         The North Greenbush waterfront is relatively compact in size, is
         adjacent to a principal navigation channel, and has the potential
         to be served by public utilities.     However, physical and legal
         constraints such as the escarpment, railroad and land ownership
         patterns create obstacles to siting water-dependent uses.
         Therefore, the intent of this policy is to ensure that water-
         dependent uses be given preference and, where possible, assistance
         in securing waterfront sites and that every effort be made to
         retain such uses. Where the demand for or feasibility of water-
         dependent uses is limited or non-existent, this policy will ensure
         that certain water-enhanced uses are permitted on waterfront sites,
         so as to restrict the development of uses which are neither water-
         dependent nor water-enhanced.     Those uses which are considered
         water- dependent and subject to these policies include the
         following:

         1.   Certain uses which utilize the resources of the coastal
              waters, such as fishing;

         2.   Recreational activities which depend on access to coastal
              waters (for example:    swimming, fishing, boating, wildlife
              viewing, scenic and nature walks);

         3.   Uses involved in the sea/land transfer of goods or people;

         4.   Aids to navigation;



                                        111-3











          5.   Flood and erosion protection structures (for example:
               breakwaters, bulkheads, seawalls);

          6.   Facilities needed to store and service boats (for example:
               marinas, boat repair and construction yards, boat sales and
               service facilities);

          7.   Uses requiring proximity to bodies of water for end-product
               processing (for example: sewage treatment facilities);

          8.   Scientific/educational activities, which, by their nature,
               require access to coastal waters (for example:          certain
               ecological and meteorological activities); and

          9.   Support facilities which are necessary for the successful
               function of permitted water- dependent use (for example:
               parking lots, snackbars, first aid stations, short term
               storage facilities). Though these uses must be near the given
               water-dependent use, they should, as much as possible be sited
               inland from the water-dependent rather than on shore.

          Several of the above water-dependent uses already exist on the
          North Greenbush waterfront: the treatment plant, the seawall, the
          navigation light, as well as boating on the river. Future develop-
          ment of any additional water-dependent use will likely be on either
          the Rensselaer Technology Park property or the Town Park site.
          This development will be tied to the overall development of the
          plateau section of the Technology Park.     The specific types of
          projects for the waterfront will be largely determined by the type
          of development on the plateau that can support those projects.
          Coordination of plateau and waterfront development is facilitated
          through the Technology Park as the largest land owning entity,
          whose actions will have the most influence on waterfront
          development.

          This future development on the Technology Park lands will consist
          of a mix of water-dependent and water-enhanced uses in accordance
          with the Technology Park development plans. Future water-dependent
          uses tentatively identified include development of recreational
          uses, and of scientific and educational programs tied in part to
          the wetlands.   on the Town Park site, development of new water-
          dependent recreation facilities is planned, including a marina and
          secondary contact recreation opportunities.

          Examples of water-enhanced uses are those uses which offer
          waterfront views or access as part of the overall design
          environment, such as conference centers, offices, restaurants and
          supporting facilities, as well as some cultural, educational,
          scientific or recreational uses in addition to those uses, which
          through site design, supporting facilities or other means, utilize
          the particular advantages of a waterfront site.         The water-
          enhanced uses which might be developed on the Technology eark site

                                         111-4











         would not include all of the uses currently allowed on the plateau
         section of the Park, and would strengthen the relationship between
         the Park and the river, and the relationship between the Town and
         the river, both of which are poorly developed at present.

         Development of both water-dependent and water-enhanced uses should
         satisfy certain criteria, based upon the use being considered. The
         following guidelines should be considered when reviewing plans for
         such site:


         1.    Special Suitability: Sites which are particularly suited to
               a particular type of use should be used for such purposes if
               possible. For instance, few sites have the appropriate land
               and water characteristics for marinas or boat launches.

         2.    In-place Facilities and Services:     Most water-dependent and
               water-enhanced uses, if they are to function effectively,
               require certain basic public facilities and services.          In
               determining the adequacy of development plans for these uses,
               consideration should be given to the following factors (see
               also Policy 1):

               a.   The capacity of public sewers, public water lines and
                    power supply;

               b.   The adequacy of vehicular access and any special access
                    needs, such as for boat trailers for marinas or boat
                    launches; and

               C.   Access to public transportation, if a high number of
                    person trips is to be generated.

         3.    Access to Navigational Channels: Commercial shipping, fishing
               and recreational boating sites should establish docking from
               which access to the navigation channel is assured.


         4.    Compatibility with Adiacent Uses and the Protection of other
               Coastal Resources: Water-dependent uses should be located so
               that they enhance, or at least do not detract from, the
               surrounding community. Consideration should also be given to
               such factors as the protection of nearby residential areas
               from odors, noise and traffic. Water-dependent Uses Must also
              -be sited so as to avoid adverse impacts on scenic areas and
               views.


         5.    Underutilized Sites and E2gpansion of Existing Uses:        Sites
               which are underutilized and/or which will permit expansion of
               existing water-dependent uses should be designed to accom-
               modate such uses, if at all possible.

         In promoting both water-dependent and water-enhanced uses, the
         following kinds of actions will be considered:

                                         111-5













          1     Favored treatment to areas in which water-dependent and water-
                enhanced uses are proposed, with respect to capital budgeting,
                with particular priorities given to roads, public land and
                water transit, and railroad facilities.

          2.    Use of land use controls, specifically through the creation of
                a zoning district exclusively for water-dependent and appro-
                priate water-enhanced uses, in addition to any restrictive
                covenants, to maintain existing uses, to provide space for
                expansion and further development of such uses, and to prevent
                conflict with non -water- enh anc ed uses. The following standards
                and procedures will be utilized in the approval process for
                development proposals in the waterfront:

                a.   Preparation of a Generic Environmental Impact Statement
                     for the entire Technology Park property on the riverfront
                     when the first major development on this parcel is
                     proposed.

                b.   Site plan approval for all proposed uses.

                C.   Maximum building heights and minimum setback from the
                     river for most uses and structures.


                d.   Maximum limits of coverage by impermeable surfaces.

                e.   Inclusion of best management practices in controlling
                     erosion and siltation in the plans and adherence to said
                     practices during the development.

          The  development of any water-dependent or water-enhanced use will
          be consistent with Policies 5, 11, 19, 19A, 21, 21A, 22f 25, 37 and
          44.


          POLICY 3        THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT
                          OF MAJOR PORTS IS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF NORTH
                          GREENBUSH.


          POLICY 4        THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE ENHANCEMENT
                          OF SMALL HARBORS IS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF
                          NORTH GREENBUSH.


          POLICY 5        ENCOURAGE THE LOCATION OF DEVELOPMENT IN AREAS WHERE
                          PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES ESSENTIAL TO SUCH
                          DEVELOPMENT ARE ADEQUATE, EXCEPT WHEN SUCH DEVELOP-
                          MENT HAS SPECIAL FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OR OTHER
                          CHARACTERISTICS WHICH NECESSITATE ITS LOCATION IN
                          OTHER COASTAL AREAS.






                                           111-6











            Explanation of Policy:

            The purpose of this policy is to direct new development, particu-
            larly large-scale development, in the coastal area to locations
            within, contiguous to, or in close proximity to , existing areas of
            concentrated development where infrastructure and public services
            are adequate and where topography, geology and other environmental
            conditions are suitable for and able to accommodate development.
            Specifically, the policy is intended to:

            1.   Strengthen existing residential, industrial and commercial
                 centers;

            2.   Foster an orderly pattern of growth where outward expansion is
                 occurring;

            3.   Increase the productivity of existing public services and
                 moderate the need to provide new public services in out-lying
                 areas;


            4.   Preserve open space; and

            5.   Where desirable, foster energy conservation by encouraging
                 proximity between home, work, and leisure activities.

            The Town of North Greenbush is an area of concentrated development
            where infrastructure and public services are generally adequate to
            support future land uses and development, as specified in the
            proposed uses and proposed projects for the waterfront and outlined
            in Section IV.B.


            Due to physical and legal barriers, the Town's waterfront is largely
            undeveloped.   The lack of direct physical access between the
            riverfront, and the upland sections of the Town has hindered
            development of the Town's waterfront potential.

            While the immediate area of the Town's waterfront does not have
            either a water distribution or sewage collection system in pl.ace,
            the waterfront is adjacent to existing service districts and
            encompasses existing regional facilities, such as collection mains
            and a treatment plant. The proximity of these facilities, and of
            franchise services, as well, presents opportunities for expansion.
            As the Town's waterfront is located in a metropolitan area, adjacent
            to three cities and to existing infrastructure, it is appropriate
            to plan for future development consistent with this LWRP.

            The ownership of the land on the waterfront is an important factor
            in carrying out the purposes and goals of this policy. Virtually
            all the developable area in the waterfront, outside of the Town Park
            site, is owned by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, as part of the
            Technology Park.   Development of these lands in accord w-@th these
            policies is appropriate in close proximity to an                   of


                                           111-7









         concentrated development where infrastructure and public services
         are adequate.

         See also Policies 2, 14, 19, 19A, 23, 25, 32, and 37.

         POLICY 6       EXPEDITE PERMIT PROCEDURES IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE
                        SITING OF DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AT SUITABLE
                        LOCATIONS


         Explanation of Policy:

         When administering existing regulations and prior to proposing new
         regulations, every ef fort should be made by all levels of government
         to determine the feasibility of coordinating administrative proce-
         dures and incorporating new regulations in existing legislation, if
         this can reduce the burden on a particular type of development
         without jeopardizing the integrity of the regulation's objectives.

         FISH AND WILDLIFE POLICIES


         POLICY 7       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF
                        SIGNIFICANT COASTAL FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITATS IS NOT
                        APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH


         POLICY 8       PROTECT FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES IN THE COASTAL
                        AREA FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND
                        OTHER POLLUTANTS WHICH BIOACCUMULATE IN THE FOOD
                        CHAIN OR WHICH CAUSE SIGNIFICANT SUB-LETHAL OR LETHAL
                        EFFECT ON THOSE RESOURCES.


         Explanation of Polic :


         Hazardous wastes are unwanted by-products of manufacturing processes
         and are generally characterized as being flammable, corrosive, reac-
         tive, or toxic. More specifically, hazardous waste is defined in
         Environmental  Conservation    Law  [ï¿½27-0901.31   as   "a waste    or
         combination of wastes which because of its quantity, concentration,
         or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may: (a) cause,
         or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an
         increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible
         illness; or (b) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to
         human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored,
         transported, disposed or otherwise managed.      A list of hazardous
         wastes has been adopted by DEC (6 NYCRR Part 371).

         The handling (storage, transport, treatment and disposal) of the
         materials included on this list is being strictly regulated in New
         York State to prevent their entry or introduction into the environ-
         ment, particularly into the State's air, land and waters.         Such
         controls should effectively minimize possible contamination of and
         bio-accumulation in the State's coastal fish and wildlife resources



                                        111-8









            at levels that cause mortality or create physioiogical and
            behavioral disorders.

            Other pollutants are those conventional wastes, generated from
            point and non-point sources, and not identified as hazardous
            wastes, but controlled through other State laws.

            Existing activities which would be regulated by this policy would
            include fuel and sewage residue handling at the sewage treatment
            plant.  River dredging and riverbank excavation.activities would
            have to insure against the possible re-introduction of hazardous
            wastes into the water through the disturbance of river bottom and
            dredge spoil sediments which may be contaminated with such wastes.
            Such  actions   are   specifically    discussed   under   Policy    35.
            Activities at a marina could also impact fish and wildlife
            resources. See Policy 21 for guidelines relating to marinas.

            POLICY 9        EXPAND RECREATIONAL USE OF FISH AND WILDLIFE
                            RESOURCES IN COASTAL AREAS BY INCREASING ACCESS TO
                            EXISTING RESOURCES, SUPPLEMENTING EXISTING STOCKS
                            AND DEVELOPING NEW RESOURCES.     SUCH EFFORTS SHALL
                            BE MADE IN A MANNER WHICH ENSURES THE PROTECTION OF
                            RENEWABLE FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES AND CONSIDERS
                            OTHER ACTIVITIES DEPENDENT ON THEM.


            Explanation of Policy:


            Recreational uses of coastal fish and wildlife resources include
            consumptive uses such as fishing and hunting, and non-consumptive
            uses such as wildlife photography, birdwatching and nature study.
            Opportunities for access to these resources in the North Greenbush
            waterfront area are extremely limited at present (see Section
            II.B.1.d.). Increased recreational use of.these resources should
            be made in a manner which ensures the protection of fish and wild-
            life resources and which takes into consideration other activities
            dependent on these resources. Also, such efforts must be done in
            accordance with existing State law and in keeping with sound
            resource management considerations.     Such considerations include
            biology of the species, carrying capacity of the resource, public
            demand, cost and available technology.

            The following additional guidelines should be considered as
            agencies determine the consistency of their proposed actions with
            the above policy:

            1.   Consideration should be given as to whether an action will
                 impede existing or future utilization of the State's recrea-
                 tional fish and wildlife resources.


            2.   Efforts to increase access to recreational fish and wildlife
                 resources should not lead to overutilization of that resource
                 or cause impairment of the habitat. Sometimes such impairment

                                            111-9










             can be more subtle than actual physical damage to the habitat.
             For example, increased human presence can deter animals from
             using the habitat area.

        3.   The impacts of increasing access to recreational fish and
             wildlife resources should be determined on a case-by-case
             basis, conferring with a trained fish and wildlife biologist.

        See Policies 19, 19A, 20, 21 and 21A.

        POLICY 10       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING COMMERCIAL
                        FISHING IS NOT APPLICABLE To THE TOWN OF NORTH
                        GREENBUSH.



        FLOODING AND EROSION POLICIES


        POLICY 11       BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES WILL BE SITED IN THE
                        COASTAL AREA SO AS TO MINIMIZE DAMAGE TO PROPERTY
                        AND THE ENDANGERING OF HUMAN LIVES CAUSED BY*
                        FLOODING AND EROSION.


        Explanation of Policy:


        The erosion aspects of this policy are not applicable, since there
        are no identified Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas within the North
        Greenbush waterfront area.                                                0
        The design and location of buildings proposed to be located in
        designated flood hazard areas is regulated by the Town of North
        Greenbush Flood Damage Prevention Law.      The area in the f lood
        hazard zone is the "river flat," located between the Hudson River
        and the railroad.     There are no designated floodways in the
        waterfront area. Article V of this law prescribes both general and
        specific standards for flood hazard areas, as follows:


        1.   ï¿½70.16. General Standards


             In all areas of special flood hazards, the following standards
             are required:

             a.    Anchoring:      All new construction and substantial
                   improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation,
                   collapse, or lateral movement of the structure.

             b.    Construction materials and methods:

                   (1) All new construction and substantial improvements
                        shall be constructed with materials and utility
                        equipment resistant to flood damage.




                                       III-10











                     (2) All new construction and substantial improvements
                          shall be constructed using methods and practices
                          that minimize flood damage.

               C.    Utilities


                     (1)  All new and replacement water supply systems shall
                          be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration
                          of floodwater into the system.

                     (2)  New and replacement sanitary sewage systems shall
                          be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration
                          of floodwater into the systems and discharge from
                          the systems into floodwater.

                     (3)  On-site waste disposal systems shall be located to
                          avoid impairment to them or contamination from them
                          during flooding.

               d.    subdivision r)roposals

                     (1)  All subdivision proposals shall be consistent with
                          the need to minimize flood damage.

                     (2)  All subdivision proposals shall have public
                          utilities and facilities such as sewer, gas,
                          electrical    and   water    systems,   located     and
                          constructed to minimize flood damage.

                     (3)  All subdivision proposals shall have adequate
                          drainage provided to reduce exposure to flood
                          damage.

                     (4)  Base flood elevation data shall be provided for
                          subdivision- proposals and other proposed development
                          which contain at least fifty (50) lots or five (5)
                          acres, whichever is less.



          2.   SSection 70.17-. Specific Standards


               In all areas of special flood hazards where base flood
               elevation 'data have been provided the following standards are
               required:

               a.    Residential   construction.       New   construction     and
                     substantial improvement of any residential structure
                     shall have the lowest floor, including basement, elevated
                     to on or above base flood elevation.


               b.    Nonresidential construction.       New construction and
                     substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial or












              b.    Nonresidential construction.       New construction and
                    substantial improvement of any commercial, industrial or
                    other nonresidential structure shall either have the
                    lowest floor, including basement, elevated to the level
                    of the base flood elevation or, together with attendant
                    utility and sanitary facilities, be floodproofed so that
                    below the base flood level the structure is watertight,
                    with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of
                    water, and have structural components capable of
                    resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects
                    of buoyancy and be certified by a registered profes-
                    sional engineer or architect that the standards of this
                    subsection are satisfied.


         Also see Policies 14 and 17.


         POLICY 12       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE PRESERVA-
                         TION OF EROSION NATURAL PROTECTIVE FEATURES IS
                         NOT APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH


         POLICY 13       THE   STATE   COASTAL    POLICY,   REGARDING    THE
                         CONSTRUCTION OF EROSION PROTECTION STRUCTURES IS
                         NOT APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH


         POLICY 13A      REPAIR AND RESTORATION OF EXISTING BULKHEADS
                         SHALL BE UNDERTAKEN IN A MANNER THAT WILL ADE-
                         QUATELY PROTECT ADJACENT PROPERTY, PARTICULARLY
                         THAT USED FOR WATER-RELATED USES.


         Explanation of Policy:

         The bulkhead protects the river flat, an area of "made land" and
         natural deposits, which includes the Town Park site and other
         riverfront property. Repairs on the seawall will be made on a
         priority basis to the parts which protect the Town's property,
         and any future water-dependent uses which may develop on the
         waterfront.


         Modifications of the bulkhead to create an inland harbor or slip
         for a proposed boat launch or marina, and any normal maintenance
         and repair of the seawall, shall be undertaken with the appro-
         priate permits from the Army Corps of Engineers and NYSDEC.
         Such permits will be granted if it has been satisfactorily
         demonstrated that the anticipated adverse impacts of any of
         these actions have been reduced to levels which satisfy State
         dredging permit standards set forth in regulations developed
         pursuant to Environmental Conservation Law (Article 15). All
         actions will be consistent with Policies 8,9, 19, 2.0 and 35.

         POLICY 14       ACTIVITIES AND     DEVELOPMENT,    INCLUDING THE
                         CONSTRUCTION OR RECONSTRUCTION OF EROSION PROTEC-
                         TION STRUCTURES, SHALL BE UNDERTAKEN SO THAT

                                         111-12













                          THERE WILL BE NO MEASURABLE INCREASE IN EROSION
                          OR FLOODING AT THE SITE OF SUCH ACTIVITIES OR
                          DEVELOPMENT, OR AT OTHER LOCATIONS.

          Explanation gf  Policy:

          Erosion and flooding are processes which occur naturally.
          However, by his actions, man can increase the severity and ad-
          verse effects of those processes, causing damage to, or loss of,
          property and endangering human lives.    Those actions include:
          the use of erosion protection structures such as groins, or the
          use of impermeable docks which block the littoral transport of
          sediment to adjacent shoreland, thus increasing their rate of
          recession; the failure to observe proper drainage practices,
          thereby causing the erosion and weakening of shorelands; and
          placing of structures in an identified floodway so that the base
          flood level is increased causing damage in otherwise hazard-
          free areas.


          Areas where erosion due to construction practices are most
          likely to occur are the undeveloped areas of the river flat and
          along the escarpment.    New development in these areas could
          increase erosion unless proper erosion protection measures are
          taken during construction and incorporated into final design.
          The development of a waterfront access road poses special
          considerations for controlling runoff. Such a road would entail
          the cutting and filling of sloping lands consisting of clays and
          clay derived soils, unless a route along the bottom of the
          ravine is followed, as recommended in Section IV.

          All development activities in the Town's waterfront area will
          be required to include erosion control plans and adhere to the
          Best Management Practices as set forth in Policy 37.

          Also see Policy 19A.

          POLICY 15       MINING, EXCAVATION OR DREDGING IN COASTAL WATERS
                          SHALL NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INTERFERE WITH THE
                          NATURAL COASTAL PROCESSES WHICH SUPPLY- BEACH
                          MATERIALS TO LAND ADJACENT To SUCH WATERS AND
                          SHALL BE UNDERTAKEN IN A MANNER WHICH WILL NOT
                          CAUSE AN INCREASE IN EROSION OF SUCH LAND.


          Explanation of  Policy:

          There is little natural beach material in the North Greenbush
          waterfront area which is supplied to the adjacent land via
          natural coastal processes.     Mining, excavation and dredging
          should be done so that both the natural and manmade shoreline
          are not undermined and so that natural water movement is not
          changed in a manner that will increase erosion potential.



                                         111-13











          At the present time there are no mining or excavating activities
          in the waters of North Greenbush's waterfront area. while no
          mining activities are anticipated in the waterfront area,
          dredging activities are. In addition, development of a marina
          or a boat launching site will require excavation. Any dredging,
          excavation, or mining activities proposed in the water f ront--area
          will be accomplished in a manner that will not impact habitat
          and wetland areas. Such activities must receive the appropriate
          permits from the Army Corps of Engineers and the New York State
          Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), as per the
          regulations developed pursuant to Articles 15, 24, 25 and 34 of
          the Environmental Conservation Law, and are consistent with
          Policies 8, 31, 35 and 44.

          POLICY 16       PUBLIC FUNDS SHALL ONLY BE USED FOR EROSION
                          PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES WHERE NECESSARY TO PROTECT
                          HUMAN LIFE, AND NEW DEVELOPMENT WHICH REQUIRES
                          A LOCATION WITHIN OR ADJACENT TO AN EROSION
                          HAZARD AREA TO BE ABLE TO FUNCTION, OR EXISTING
                          DEVELOPMENT; AND ONLY WHERE THE PUBLIC BENEFITS
                          OUTWEIGH THE LONG TERM MONETARY AND OTHER COSTS
                          INCLUDING THE POTENTIAL FOR INCREASING EROSION
                          AND ADVERSE EFFECTS ON NATURAL PROTECTIVE
                          FEATURES.


          Explanation of  Policy:

          This policy recognizes the public need for the protection of
          human life and existing investment in development or new
          development which requires a location in proximity to the
          coastal area or in adjacent waters to be able to function.
          However, it also recognizes the adverse impact from such
          activities and development on the rate of erosion and natural
          protective features and requires that careful analysis be made
          of such benefits and long-term costs prior to expending public
          funds for erosion protection measures.

          POLICY 17       WHENEVER POSSIBLE, USE NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES
                          TO MINIMIZE DAMAGE TO NATURAL RESOURCES AND
                          PROPERTY FROM FLOODING AND EROSION.             SUCH
                          MEASURES SHALL INCLUDE:       (1) THE SETBACK OF
                          BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES; (2) THE PLANTING OF
                          VEGETATION AND THE INSTALLATION OF SAND FENCING
                          AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS; (3) THE RESHAPING OF
                          BLUFFS; (4) THE FLOOD-PROOFING OF BUILDINGS OR
                          THEIR ELEVATION ABOVE BASE FLOOD LEVEL.


          Explanation of Policy:

          This policy recognizes both the potential adverse impacts of
          flooding and erosion upon development and upon natural protec-
          tive features in the coastal area, as well as the costs of                0
                                          111-14









          protection against these hazards which structural measures
          entail.   This policy shall apply to the planning, siting and
          design of proposed activities and development, including
          measures to protect existing activities and development.          To
          ascertain consistency with the policy, it must.be determined if
          any one, or a combination of, non-structural measures would
          afford the degree of protection appropriate both to the
          character and purpose of the activity or development, and to the
          hazard.    If non-structural measures are determined to offer
          sufficient protection, then consistency with the policy would
          require the use of such measures, whenever possible. It must
          be recognized, however, that where non-structural measures are
          not feasible, due to natural conditions or use of the property,
          structural solutions will be required and will be consistent
          with Policies 11 and 14.



          GENERAL POLICY


          POLICY 18        TO SAFEGUARD THE VITAL ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRON-
                           MENTAL INTERESTS OF THE STATE AND OF ITS CITIZENS
                           PROPOSED MAJOR ACTIONS IN THE COASTAL AREA MUST GIVi
                           FULL CONSIDERATION TO THOSE INTERESTS, AND TO THE
                           SAFEGUARDS WHICH THE STATE HAS ESTABLISHED TO
                           PROTECT VALUABLE COASTAL RESOURCE AREAS.

          Explanation of   Policy:

          Proposed major   actions may be undertaken in the coastal area if
          they will not    significantly impair valuable coastal waters and
          resources, thus frustrating the achievement of the purposes of the
          safeguards which the State has established to protect those waters
          and resources. Proposed actions must take into account the social,
          economic and environmental interests of the State and its citizens
          in such matters that would effect natural resources, water levels
          and flows, shoreline damage, and recreation. Review under the SEQR
          process will allow a weighing of the cost and benefits of such
          actions.



          PUBLIC ACCESS POLICIES


          POLICY 19        PROTECT, MAINTAIN, AND INCREASE THE LEVEL AND TYPES
                           OF ACCESS TO PUBLIC WATER-RELATED RECREATION
                           RESOURCES AND FACILITIES SO THAT THESE RESOURCES AND
                           FACILITIES MAY BE FULLY UTILIZED BY THE PUBLIC IN
                           ACCORDANCE WITH REASONABLY ANTICIPATED PUBLIC
                           RECREATION NEEDS AND PROTECTION OF HISTORIC AND
                           NATURAL RESOURCES.      IN PROVIDING SUCH ACCESS
                           PRIORITY SHALL BE GIVEN TO PUBLIC BEACHES, BOATING
                           FACILITIES, FISHING AREAS AND WATERFRONT PARKS.
    Is
                                           111-15









          Explanation of Policy:

          There are two publicly-owned properties on the 1.9 mile long North
          Greenbush waterf ront.   Neither the Town Park property nor the
          sewage treatment facilities have been developed to provide river
          access, and access to these properties is restricted by legal and
          physical obstacles. Implementation of this policy requires careful
          balancing of several factors: the demand for specific recreation
          facilities; the adequacy and type of access to facilities; the
          capacity of the resource; and the protection of         natural and
          historic resources. Actions to increase the access to new public
          water-related recreation facilities are to be strongly encouraged.
          Access via easements, such as at the Niagara Mohawk transmission
          line right-of-way, or across the sewage, treatment plant lands,
          or from dedications of less than fee simple interest is preferred
          over public acquisition. Such easements can provide visual access
          by trails even when direct access is not possible.     However, the
          primary emphasis on developing river access on the North Greenbush
          waterfront should be to the Town Park property.

          Specific guidelines for development of access roads to and through
          the North Greenbush waterfront, including access through the
          escarpment, is addressed under Policy 19A.

          POLICY 19A     DEVELOP FEASIBLE PUBLIC VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN
                         LAND ACCESS TO THE PUBLICLY OWNED FORESHORE AND THE
                         PUBLICLY OWNED LANDS IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO THE
                         FORESHORE, AND PURSUE PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF EASEMENT
                         OVER ADJOINING LANDS ON THE NORTH GREENBUSH
                         WATERFRONT WHERE APPROPRIATE.


          Explanation of Policy:


          Access to the foreshore from the land areas of North Greenbush is
          currently extremely limited because of physical and legal barriers.
          Access to the Town's waterfront can surmount these barriers through
          the following actions:

          1.   Intergovernmental agreements, private sector/ public sector
               agreements or other legal arrangements to use (and improve
               where necessary) any or all of the three existing roads in the
               waterfront (the sewage plant access road, River Road, and the
               ,access road parallel to the railroad) where travel by the
               general public is at present restricted, or public purchase
               of any or all of these roads;

          2.   Development of a new road to the waterfront from the RPI
               Technology Park on the plateau through the escarpment; and

          3.   Development of a nature trail system along the escarpment and
               riverfront. Development of the access road directly from the
               plateau to the river will provide a more direct route and a


                                         111-16










               link between related uses on the plateau; it is preferred in
               the long run. However, this road may be more easily supported
               if there is adequate development in place on the waterfront.
               Thus, feasibility studies should explore techniques for
               improvement of existing roads to the waterfront, in order to
               create the conditions under which development on the water-
               front can proceed.    It appears that the road entering the
               waterfront area from the north would be the best road to
               improve for access to the area.

          To encourage pedestrian access to, and use of, the waterfront from
          the plateau, a nature trail system should be developed prior to
          construction of vehicular access across the escarpment.

          Any vehicular access to be improved or constructed will be designed
          to accommodate the traffic characteristics and vehicle mix which
          can be reasonably foreseen to be generated as a result of new
          development planned in the waterfront area. This access will be
          designed to minimize adverse effects of certain road maintenance
          procedures,  such as use of road salt or similar substance, to
          reduce ice.


          Development of any public vehicular and pedestrian access to the
          foreshore,  and adjacent public lands which would necessitate
          crossing of the railroad will fully consider the public benefits
          and costs of providing grade separated rail crossings in preference
          to guarded at-grade crossings. Guarded at-grade crossings will be
          acceptable where documentation and studies show the public costs
          far outweigh any benefits derived from creating a grade separated
          crossing.   At-grade crossings on the Troy-Greenbush line may be
          acceptable because of the infrequent number of trips generated on
          this line, the slow running speeds of trains due to the conditions
          of the railbed, and the future potential of abandonment of this
          line.


          The Troy-Greenbush rail line is used regularly and this level of
          use is expected to continue. However, in the event of an abandon-
          ment of the Troy-Greenbush rail line, this right-of-way should be
          acquired by the Town for development of roadway access along the
          waterfront to the north and south, if access arrangements cannot
          be secured along the existing roads, and for expansion of any
          existing north-south access, particularly in regard to public tran-
          sit and alternate modes of transportation (such as bicycle lanes).

          Development of vehicular and pedestrian access to the North
          Greenbush waterfront will be consistent with Policies 14, 19, 20,
          25, 33 and 37.

          POLICY 20      ACCESS TO THE PUBLICLY-OWNED FORESHORE AND TO LANDS
                         IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO THE FORESHORE OR THE WATER IS
                         EDGE THAT ARE PUBLICLY OWNED SHALL BE PROVIDED, AND
                         IT SHOULD BE PROVIDED IN A MANNER COMPATIBLE WITH
                         ADJOINING USES.    SUCH LANDS SHALL BE RETAINED IN
                         PUBLIC OWNERSHIP.


                                          111-17









          Explanation of Policy:

          Access to the publicly-owned lands of the coast should be provided,
          where appropriate, for numerous activities and pursuits which           is
          require only minimal facilities for their enjoyment, such as
          walking along the waterfront or to a-vantage point from which to
          view the water, bicycling, birdwatching, photography, nature study,
          beachcombing, fishing and hunting.     Methods of providing access
          include the development of waterfront trails, the improvement of
          vehicular access to the waterfront and the promotion of mixed and
          multi-use development.   However, sale of easements on underwater
          lands adjacent to onshore property owners may be granted if public
          use of the foreshore is not substantially limited. Public use of
          such publicly-owned underwater lands and land immediately adjacent
          to the shore shall be discouraged where such use would be
          inappropriate for reasons of public safety or the protection of
          fragile coastal resources.

          The following guidelines will be used in determining the
          consistency of a proposed action with this policy:

          1.   Existing access from adjacent or proximate public lands or
               facilities to existing public coastal lands and/or waters
               shall not be reduced, nor shall the possibility of increasing
               access in the future from adjacent or nearby public lands or
               facilities to public coastal lands and/or waters be elimin-
               ated, unless such actions are demonstrated to be of overriding
               regional or statewide public benefit, or in the latter case,
               estimates of future use of these lands and water are too low
               to justify maintaining or providing increased access.

          2.   The existing level of public access within public coastal
               lands or waters shall not be reduced or eliminated.


          3.   Public access from the nearest public roadway to the shoreline
               and along the coast shall be provided by new land use or
               development except where (a) it is inconsistent with public
               safety, military security, or the protection of identified
               fragile coastal resources; (b) adequate access exists within
               one-half mile; or (c) agriculture would be adversely affected.
               such access shall not be required to be open to public use
               until a public agency or private association agrees to accept
               responsibility for maintenance and liability of the accessway.

          4.   Proposals for increased public access to coastal lands and
               waters shall be analyzed according to the following factors:

               a.   The level of access to be provided should be in accord
                    with estimated public use.

               b.   The level of access to be provided shall not cause a
                    degree of use which would exceed the physical capability
                    of the resource. Also see Policies 19, 19A, 22, and 25.









         RECREATIONAL POLICIES


         POLICY 21       WATER-DEPENDENT AND WATER-ENHANCED RECREATION SHALL
                         BE ENCOURAGED AND FACILITATED AND SHALL BE GIVEN
                         PRIORITY OVER NON-WATER-RELATED USES ALONG THE
                         COAST, PROVIDED IT IS CONSISTENT WITH THE PRESERVA-
                         TION AND ENHANCEMENT OF OTHER COASTAL RESOURCES AND
                         TAKES INTO.ACCOUNT DEMAND FOR SUCH FACILITIES. IN
                         FACILITATING SUCH ACTIVITIES, PRIORITY SHALL BE
                         GIVEN TO AREAS WHERE ACCESS TO THE RECREATION
                         OPPORTUNITIES OF THE COAST CAN BE PROVIDED BY NEW
                         OR EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES AND TO
                         THOSE AREAS WHERE THE USE OF THE SHORE IS SEVERELY
                         RESTRICTED BY EXISTING DEVELOPMENT.


         Explanation of Policy:

         Water-related recreation includes such obviously water-dependent
         activities as boating, swimming, and fishing, as well as certain
         activities which are enhanced by a coastal location and increase
         the general public I s access to the coast, such as pedestrian
         trails, picnic areas, scenic overlooks and passive recreation areas
         that take advantage of coastal scenery.

         Provided the development of water-related recreation is consistent
         with the preservation and enhancement of such important coastal
         resources as fish and wildlife habitats, aesthetically significant
         areas, historic and cultural, resources, agriculture and significant
         mineral and fossil deposits, and provided demand exists, water-
         related recreation development is to be increased and such uses
         shall have a higher priority than any non-coastal-dependent uses,
         including non-water-related recreation uses.

         In addition, water-dependent recreation uses shall have a higher
         priority over water-enhanced recreation uses.         Determining a
         priority among coastal-dependent uses will require a case-by-case
         analysis. .

         The siting or design of new public development should not create
         barriers to the recreational use of the waterfront and, if
         possible, should create opportunities for joint use and will be
         consistent with Policies 2, 19, 21A, 22 and 44.

         The specific projects described in Section IV are all consistent
         with this policy and will be encouraged.

         POLICY 21A      UNDERTAKE EFFORTS TO DEVELOP A MARINA, BOAT LAUNCH,
                         DOCK AND RELATED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ON THE TOWN
                         PARK PROPERTY TO PROVIDE PUBLIC ACCESS FOR WATER-
                         RELATED RECREATION ACTIVITIES INCLUDING FISHING AND
                         BOATING.


         Explanation of Policy:

         The Town of North Greenbush owns 8.9 acres of undeveloped park land
         with close to 400 feet of river frontage. Use of the property is


                                         111-19









          minimal because of barriers to land and water access. Efforts need
          to be made to provide access at this site for recreational boaters,
          collegiate rowing and crew teams, and ice boaters. These efforts
          will be coordinated with measures to improve land access to the
          park site. (Also see Policies 2,19, 19A, 20, and 21.)

          Marina development should preferably utilize an excavated basin.
          There shall, however, be no filling or dredging of the adjacent
          wetland unless in accord with an accepted wetland restoration plan.
          The basin shall be designed to allow for adequate water circulation
          and thus there shall be either a wide continuous opening to the
          river or at least two openings in an otherwise closed frontage; the
          basin shall be shaped so that there are no "dead" areas where the
          water would stagnate; generally the basin shall be excavated to a
          depth no deeper than the adjacent river, to prevent the creation
          of "dead" underwater pockets; and a sloped, riprapped edge around
          the basin is preferable to a vertical, bulkhead edge.

          POLICY 22      DEVELOPMENT, WHEN LOCATED ADJACENT TO THE SHORE,
                         SHALL PROVIDE FOR WATER-RELATED RECREATION, AS A
                         MULTIPLE USE, WHENEVER SUCH RECREATIONAL USE IS
                         APPROPRIATE IN LIGHT OF REASONABLY ANTICIPATED
                         DEMAND FOR SUCH ACTIVITIES AND THE PRIMARY PURPOSE
                         OF THE DEVELOPMENT.


          Explanation of PQlicy:    Certain waterfront developments present
          practical opportunities for providing recreation facilities as an
          additional use of the site or facility. Therefore, whenever such
          developments are located adjacent to the shore they should, to the
          fullest extent permitted by existing law, provide for some form of
          water-related recreation use unless there are compelling reasons
          why any form of such recreation demand for public use cannot be
          foreseen.


          Uses which are appropriate in the North Greenbush waterfront area
          and which can provide opportunities for water-related recreation
          as a multiple use include: existing utility transmission lines
          (Niagara-Mohawk R.O.W); water treatment facilities (County sewage
          Treatment Plant); and large-scale mixed-use projects south of the
          Town Park, where walkways can be incorporated in the development
          plan.

          Whenever a proposed development would be consistent with coastal
          policies and the development could, through the provision of
          recreation and other multiple uses, significantly increase public
          uses of the shore, then such development should be encouraged to
          locate adjacent to the shore. See Policies 19A and 20.









                                         111-20










         HISTORIC AND SCENIC RESOURCES

         POLICY 23      PROTECT AND RESTORE STRUCTURES, DISTRICTS, AREAS OR
                        SITES THAT ARE OF SIGNIFICANCE IN THE HISTORY,
                        ARCHITECTURE, ARCHAEOLOGY OR CULTURE OF THE STATE,
                        ITS COMMUNITIES OR THE NATION.

         Explanation of Policy:

         Among the most valuable manmade resources are those structures or
         areas which are of historic, archeological, or cultural signifi-
         cance. The protection of these structures must involve a recogni-
         tion of their importance by all agencies and the ability to
         identify and describe them. Protection must include concern not
         just with specific sites but with areas of significance and with
         the area around specific sites. The policy is not to be construed
         as just a passive mandate but also suggests effective efforts, when
         appropriate, to restore or revitalize resources through adaptive
         reuse. While the policy is concerned with the preservation of all
         such resources within the coastal boundary, the preservation of
         historic and cultural resources which have a coastal relationship
         is of particular significance.

         The North Greenbush waterfront contains no sites listed, or
         eligible for listing, on the National Register of Historic Places.
         However, the Town's waterfront area is within an archaeologically
         sensitive area, based on site file information of both the New York
         State Museum and the office of Parks, Recreation and Historic
         Preservation.


         Much of the archaeologic investigations have focused on remains of
         post-Colonial residences and on artifacts from pre-Colonial inhabi-
         tants, on the plateaus and escarpments. These investigations have
         not been extensive. Less is known about the river flat area.


         All practical means shall be taken to protect these resource@;,
         including consideration and adoption of such techniques, measures
         and controls necessary to prevent a significant adverse change to
         the resource. A significant adverse change includes, but is not
         limited to:


         1.   Alteration of, or addition to, one or more of the functional
              features of a site that is a recognized archeological
              resource, or component thereof. such features are defined as
              encompassing any original or historically significant feature
              including structures, walks, steps, topographical features,
              or earthworks, located on the designated resource property.

         2.   Removal in full or part of a structure, or earthworks that is
              a recognized archeological resource, or component thereof, to
              include all those features described in (a) above plus any
              other appurtenant fixture associated with a structure or
              earthwork.


                                       111-21








           3.    All proposed actions within 500 feet of the perimeter of the
                 property boundary of the archaeological resource.           Primary
                 considerations to be used in making judgement about compati-
                 bility should focus on the locational relationship between the
                 proposed action and the special character of the archeological
                 resource. Compatibility between the general appearance of the
                 resources should be reflected in the scale, setback,
                 landscaping and related items of the proposed actions. This
                 policy shall not be construed to prevent normal maintenance,
                 actions necessary to remove a threat to the public welfare,
                 health or safety, or rehabilitation or restoration in accord
                 with standards and design which do not adversely impact the
                 significant     features.        Given    the    possibility     of
                 archaeological ly significant sites within the waterfront area,
                 public agencies shall contact the New York State Historic
                 Preservation officer to determine appropriate protective
                 measures to be incorporated into development decisions.

           POLICY 24        THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE PROTECTION
                            OF SCENIC RESOURCES OF STATEWIDE SIGNIFICANCE IS NOT
                            APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH. .


           POLICY 25        PROTECT, RESTORE AND ENHANCE NATURAL AND MANKADE
                            RESOURCES WHICH ARE NOT IDENTIFIED AS BEING OF
                            STATEWIDE SIGNIFICANCE, BUT WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE
                            SCENIC QUALITY OF THE COASTAL AREA.

           Explanation of Policy:

           The North Greenbush waterfront area is characterized by undeveloped
           woodlands on steep slopes, wetlands, a wooded waterfront and
           occasional structures and facilities of an industrial nature. The
           most positive feature of the Town's waterfront is the extensive
           vegetation, when compared to adjoining waterfronts, which provides
           visual relief in. an urbanized reach of waterfront.            The most
           negative features are garbage and debris dumped indiscriminately
           along the waterfront, the unsightly ruts of off-road vehicle
           tracks, and overhead transmission lines.

           when considering a proposed action, care shall be given to protect,
           restore or enhance the overall scenic quality of the waterfront
           area.    Activities which could impair or further degrade scenic
           quality are the modification of natural landforms, removal of
           vegetation, or addition of structures which degrade the visual
           environment due to incompatible scale, form, materials or location.

           The following siting and development guidelines will be used to
           achieve this policy, recognizing that each development situation
           is unique and that the guidelines will have to be applied
           accordingly considering both the scenic resources and the Town's
           development objectives and priorities.




                                             111-22








            1.   Siting structures and other development such as power lines,
                 and signs, back from the shoreline or in other inconspicuous
                 locations to maintain the attractive quality of the shoreline
                 and to retain views to and from the shore.

            2.   Clustering or orienting structures to retain views, save open
                 space and iprovide visual organization to a development.

            3.   Maintaining or restoring the original land form, except when
                 changes screen unattractive elements and/or add appropriate
                 interest.

            4.   Maintaining or adding vegetation to provide interest,
                 encourage the presence of wildlife, blend structures into the
                 site, and obscure unattractive elements, except when selective
                 clearing creates views of coastal waters.

            5.   Using appropriate materials, in addition to vegetation, to
                 screen unattractive elements.


            6.   using app ropriate scales, forms and materials to ensure that
                 buildings and other structures are compatible with and add
                 interest to the landscape.

            Actions to maintain and improve visual access to the water or to
            screen or otherwise mitigate the adverse impact of certain existing
            elements will be pursued. These actions will include methods of
            screening or otherwise improving the appearance of the sewage
            treatment plant and of utility corridors.

            In addition, new development will comply with the following stan-
            dards which relate to visual impact as part of a new waterfront
            development zoning district:

            1.   No structure shall exceed 40 feet in height except that
                 structures up to 80 feet may be permitted if the Planning
                 Board finds that fire fighting equipment is adequate and the
                 visual quality of the waterfront is maintained.

            2..  All structures shall be set back at least 40 feet from the
                 river's edge, except for those structures which must be
                 located closer due to their use or function.


            3.   Total coverage by roads, roof tops, parking lots or other
                 impermeable surfaces shall not exceed one-third of the gross
                 site area.


            4.   The location, design, color and materials of buildings should
                 be such as to minimize their visibility from the river and the
                 opposite shore.






                                          111-23










        5.   Existing vegetation should be preserved to the greatest extent
             feasible where it provides natural screening, contributes to
             wetland or wildlife resources or is a significant or unusual
             species. New plantings should be indigenous and blend with
             vegetation to remain and should be used to maintain the
             natural, informal aspect of the site.

        6.   Lighting should be spaced, shielded and directed to minimize
             glare and visibility from the river and the opposite shore.

        7.   Marina design should consider prevailing winds and navigation
             patterns, include boat launching facilities and utilize
             natural vegetation and existing waterways, as appropriate, to
             minimize disturbance along the river shore.

        8.   A public walkway shall be provided from the Town Park through
             the site to the City of Rensselaer line. Such walkway shall
             be within a 30 foot easement generally located between the
             developed portion of the site (buildings and parking lots) and
             the water's edge, shall be integrated with natural features
             such as mature vegetation and wetlands, and shall provide
             opportunities for views to the river and the wetlands. Walk-
             ways shall be screened from adjacent service areas, shall be
             suitably surfaced for pedestrian use and shall be provided
             with benches and observation points at appropriate locations.

        Development on the Technology Park lands are also governed by
        restrictive covenants that address standards for setback, under-
        ground utilities, parking, outside storage, signs, parcel coverage,
        temporary structures, landscaping, and preservation of trees and
        wooded areas.


        Because of the potential visual impact that development of a road
        through the escarpment would create, the following analysis will
        be undertaken in the evaluation of the project:

        1.   Identification of pertinent visual analysis factors, such as
             landscape c7haracteristics; areas where a    concentration of
             viewers is likely, such as parks, recreation areas and roads;
             prominent landforms which have inherent scenic qualities
             and/or could result in high visibility of the road if
             traversed; and routing factors, such as the  use of vegetation
             and topography for screening and backdrop effects.

        2.   Analysis of the routing in terms of compatibility with
             existing features (form, scale); enhancement or degradation
             of the overall landscape quality; impact where there are
             likely to be high numbers of viewers; and visibility of the
             road in terms of degree, distance and place in the landscape
             (foreground, background) .   This analysis should take into
             consideration the visual compatibility of the proposed road
             to existing and proposed natural and artificial features along
             the waterfront.



                                       111-24










                Based on this analysis the routing with the least visual
                impact will be followed.

                Also see Policies 2, 5 and 7.



           AGRICULTURAL LANDS POLICY


           POLICY 26      THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE PROTECTION
                          OF IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL LANDS IS NOT APPLICABLE
                          TO THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH.



           ENERGY AND ICE MANAGEMENT POLICIES


           POLICY 27      DECISIONS ON THE SITING AND CONSTRUCTION OF MAJOR
                          ENERGY FACILITIES IN THE COASTAL AREA WILL BE BASED
                          ON PUBLIC ENERGY NEEDS, COMPATIBILITY OF SUCH
                          FACILITIES WITH THE ENVIRONMENT, AND THE FACILITY'S
                          NEED FOR A SHOREFRONT LOCATION.


           Explanation of Policy:

           Demand for energy in New York will increase, although at a rate
           slower than previously predicted. The State expects to meet these
           energy demands through a combination of conservation measures;
           traditional and alternative technologies; and use of various fuels,
           including coal, in greater proportion.

           A determination of public need for energy is the first step in the
           process for siting any new facilities. The directives for deter-
           mining this need are set forth in the New York State Energy Law.

           The existing pattern of land ownership on the North Greenbush
           waterfront area precludes the siting of any major electric
           generating facility. However, the existing electric and gas
           transmission lines and corridors could possibly be upgraded or
           expanded in the future. with respect to transmission facilities,
           Article VII of the New York State Public Service Law requires
           additional forecasts and establishes the basis for determining
           compatibility of these facilities with the environment and the
           necessity for a shorefront location.     With respect to electric
           generating facilities, environmental impacts associated with siting
           and construction will be considered by one or more State agencies
           or, if in existence, an energy siting board. The policies derived
           from these proceedings are entirely consistent with the general
           coastal zone policies derived from other laws, particularly the
           regulations promulgated pursuant to the Waterfront Revitalization
           of Coastal Areas and Inland waterways Act. That Act is used for
           the purposes of ensuring consistency with the State Coastal
           Management Program and this LWRP.





                                          111-25








         In consultation with the Town, the Department of State will comment
         on State Energy Office policies and'planning reports as may exist;
         present testimony for the record during relevant certification
         proceedings under state Law; and use the State energy facilities
         (other than transmission facilities and steam electric generating
         plants) which would impact the waterfront area are made consistent
         with the policies and purposes of the Local waterfront Revtializa-
         tion Program. In addition, any such facility shall be consistent
         with Policies 8, 19, 22, 23, 25, 30, 36, 39, 40, 41 and 44.

         POLICY 28       ICE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES SHALL NOT DAMAGE SIG-
                         NIFICANT FISH AND WILDLIFE AND THEIR HABITATS,
                         INCREASE SHORELINE EROSION OR FLOODING, OR INTER-
                         FERE WITH THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER.

         Explanation of Policy:

         Prior to undertaking actions required for ice management, an
         assessment must be made of the potential effects of such actions
         upon fish and wildlife and their habitats, flood levels and damage,
         rates of shoreline erosion damage, and upon natural protective
         features. This policy shall apply where ice management practices
         presently are undertaken to maintain the Hudson River channel, as
         well as to the other coastal tributaries-        Methods to mitigate
         potential adverse impacts should be identified and utilized
         whenever feasible.


         POLICY 29       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE DEVELOPMENT
                         OF OFF-SHORE ENERGY FACILITIES IS NOT APPLICABLE TO
                         THE TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH.



         WATER AND AIR RESOURCES POLICIES


         POLICY 30       MUNICIPAL, INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL
                         DISCHARGE OF POLLUTANTS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
                         TO, TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, INTO COASTAL
                         WATERS WILL CONFORM TO STATE AND NATIONAL WATER
                         QUALITY STANDARDS.

         Explanation of Policy:

         Municipal, industrial, commercial and residential discharges
         include not only "end-of-the-pipell discharges into surface and
         groundwater but also plant site runoff, leaching, spillages, sludge
         and other waste disposal, and drainage from raw material storage
         sites.  Also, the regulated industrial discharges are both those
         which directly empty into receiving coastal waters and those which
         pass through municipal treatment systems before reaching the
         State's waterways.     state and federal laws adequately govern
         pollutant discharges into coastal waters.          However, constant
         inspection and adequate monitoring of coastal waterways and
         vigorous regulatory and/or legal ac   tions are necessary to insure


                                         111-26











          that violations are identified and the regulations are enforced.
          The Town will take all necessary steps, both at the local level and
          in cooperation with higher levels of government, to apply existing
          monitoring and enforcement machinery and, where appropriate, to
          strengthen it. This policy is particularly relevant to the County
          sewage treatment plant and to any industrial development in the
          waterfront area.


          POLICY 31       STATE COASTAL AREA POLICIES AND PURPOSES OF APPROVED
                          LOCAL WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PROGRAMS WILL BE
                          CONSIDERED WHILE REVIEWING COASTAL WATER CLASSIFICA-
                          TIONS AND WHILE MODIFYING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS:
                          HOWEVER, THOSE WATERS ALREADY OVERBURDENED WITH CON-
                          TAMINANTS WILL BE RECOGNIZED AS BEING A DEVELOPMENT
                          CONSTRAINT.


          Explanation of  Policy:


          Pursuant to the Federal Clean Water Act of 1977 (PL 95-217) the
          State has classified its coastal and other waters in accordance
          with considerations of best usage in the interest of the public and
          has adopted water quality standards for each class of waters.
          These classifications and standards are reviewable at least every
          three years for possible revisions or amendment.

          The classification of the Hudson River as C, suitable for fishing
          but not primary contact recreation, and its tributaries as D,
          suitable for secondary contact, is compatible with the present use
          of these waters. Any action taken in the North Greenbush water-
          front area which would lead to the reduction of such classification
          will be considered inconsistent with these coastal policies.

          Actions to improve the quality of Stream 228, from a Class D stream
          to Class C, or to upgrade any of the other Hudson River tributaries
          in the waterfront area, or the River itself, from Class C to Class
          B will be in keeping with the objectives of developing recreational
          usage of these streams and shall be deemed consistent with these
          policies. In particular, upgrading of the Hudson River to Class
          B will allow development of opportunities for primary contact
          recreation at the Town Park site, such as swimming and water
          skiing.-   This would expand recreational opportunities and be
          consistent with Policies 19, 21, and 22.


          POLICY 32       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING THE USE OF
                          ALTERNATIVE SANITARY WASTE SYSTEMS IS NOT APPLICABLE
                          TO THE TOWN.


          POLICY 33       BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WILL BE USED TO ENSURE THE
                          CONTROL OF STORMWATER RUNOFF AND COMBINED SEWER
                          OVERFLOWS DRAINING INTO COASTAL WATERS.







                                         111-27












         Explanation of Policy:


         Best management practices include both structural and non-
         structural methods of preventing or mitigating pollution caused by
         the discharge of stormwater runoff. In some instances, structural
         approaches to controlling stormwater runoff (e.g. , construction of
         retention basins) are not economically feasible.       Non-structural
         approaches (e.g. , improved street cleaning, reduced use of road
         salt) will be encouraged in such cases. The standards set forth
         in Policy 37 will apply to all construction in the waterfront area
         to control stormwater runoff and erosion.


         POLICY 34       DISCHARGE OF WASTE MATERIALS INTO COASTAL WATERS
                         FROM VESSELS WILL BE LIMITED SO AS TO PROTECT
                         SIGNIFICANT FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITATS, RECREA-
                         TIONAL AREAS AND WATER SUPPLY AREAS.


         Ex1planation of Policy:

         The discharge of sewage, garbage, rubbish, and other solid and
         liqui'd materials from watercraft and marinas into the State's
         waters is regulated by State law. Priority should be given to the
         enforcement of this law in significant habitats and beaches which
         need protection from contamination        vessel wastes.     Specific
         effluent standards for marine toilets have been promulgated by the
         Department of Environmental Conservation (6 NYCRR, Part 657) and
         shall be strictly enforced. Plans for development of marinas will
         be reviewed to determine if a requirement for on-shore pump-out
         facilities is appropriate and feasible. See Policy 21.

         POLICY 35       DREDGING AND DREDGE SPOIL DISPOSAL IN COASTAL WATERS
                         WILL BE UNDERTAKEN IN A MANNER THAT MEETS EXISTING
                         STATE AND FEDERAL DREDGING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS, AND
                         PROTECTS SIGNIFICANT FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITATS,
                         SCENIC RESOURCES, NATURAL PROTECTIVE FEATURES,
                         IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL LANDS, AND WETLANDS.

         Explanation of Policy:

         Dredging often proves to be essential for waterfront revitalization
         and development, maintaining navigational channels at sufficient
         depths, pollutant removal and meeting other coastal management
         needs. Such dredging projects, however, may adversely affect water
         quality, fish and wildlife habitats, wetlands and other important
         coastal resources. Often, these adverse effects can be minimized
         through careful design and timing of the dredging operation and
         proper siting of the dredge spoil disposal site.

         Periodic dredging of the Hudson River will occur to keep the
         channel navigable. Dredging, and excavation, will be necessary to
         develop and maintain adequate channels for boat launches and
         marinas on the Town Park and Technology Park properties. Precau-
         tions will be taken to assure that dredging and excavation


                                         111-28












          activities will not introduce or re-introduce toxic substances
          which may have accumulated in the river bottom or spoil bank
          sediments. Precautions will include pre- construction water quality
          and sediment chemical analysis, and water quality monitoring during
          and after dredging and excavation projects. Proposed dredge spoil
          sites will be reviewed to determine if they will contribute to the
          objectives of the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program and are
          consistent with these policies. However, spoil disposal sites are
          not acceptable if they are located in a designated wetland, or will
          permanently disturb a significant wildlife habitat.

          The Town of North Greenbush will refer all applicants for mining,
          dredging and/or excavation activities to the Army Corps of
          Engineers and NYSDEC for appropriate permits.       Dredging permits
          will be granted if it has been satisfactorily demonstrated that
          anticipated adverse effects have been reduced to levels which
          satisfy State dredging permit standards set forth in regulations
          developed pursuant to Environmental Conservation Law (Articles 15,
          24, 25 and 34), and are consistent with Policies 8, 15, 19, 21,
          21A, 31 and 44.


          POLICY 36       ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE SHIPMENT AND STORAGE OF
                          PETROLEUM AND OTHER HAZARDOUS 14ATERIALS WILL BE CON-
                          DUCTED IN A MANNER THAT WILL PREVENT OR AT LEAST
                          MINIMIZE,SPILLS INTO COASTAL WATERS; ALL PRACTICABLE
                          EFFORTS WILL BE UNDERTAKEN TO EXPEDITE THE CLEANUP
                          OF SUCH DISCHARGES; AND RESTITUTION FOR DAMAGES WILL
                          BE REQUIRED WHEN THESE SPILLS OCCUR.

          Explanation of  Policy:

          This policy shall apply not only to commercial storage and
          distribution facilities, but also to residential and other us,ers
          of petroleur products and radioactive and other toxic or hazardous
          materials.   spills, seepage or other accidents on or adjacent to
          coastal waters or which, by virtue of natural or man-made drain-
          age facilities, eventually reach coastal waters are included under
          this policy. Such materials are present in the waterfront at the
          sewage treatment plant (fuel and chemicals for sewage treatment),
          and is in the form of cargo being shipped along the railroad.
          Additional activities, such as development of a full-service
          marina, will result in more petroleum and/or other hazardous
          material handling.     The marina shall provide for the proper
          handling of petroleum products and boat maintenance and repair
          wastes.    The overall number of these anticipated additional
          activities however, is limited (also see Policy 39).

          POLICY 37       BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WILL BE UTILIZED TO
                          MINIMIZE THE NONPOINT DISCHARGE OF EXCESS NUTRIENTS,
                          ORGANICS AND ERODED SOILS INTO COASTAL WATERS.

          Explanation of  Policy:

          Best mana ement practices used to reduce these sources of pollution
          could incyude, but are not limited to, encouraging organic farming

                                          111-29








          and pest management principles, soil erosion control practices, and
          surface drainage control techniques. Development shall adhere to
          the following standards:

          1.   Natural ground contours should be followed as closely as
               possible.

          2.   Areas of steep slopes, where high cuts and fills may be
               required, should be avoided.

          3.   Extreme care should be exercised in areas adjacent to natural
               watercourses and in locating artificial drainage-ways so that
               their final gradient and resultant discharge velocity will not
               create additional erosion problems.

          4.   Natural protective vegetation should remain undisturbed if at
               all possible.

          5.   The amount of time that disturbed ground surfaces are exposed
               to the energy of rainfall and runoff water should be limited.

          6.   The velocity of the runoff water on all areas subject to
               erosion should be reduced below that necessary to erode the
               materials.


          7.   A ground cover should be applied sufficiently to restrain
               erosion on that portion of the disturbed area undergoing no
               further active disturbance.


          8.   Runoff from a site should be collected and detained in
               sediment basins to trap pollutants which would otherwise be
               transported from the site.

          9.   The angle for graded slopes and fills should be limited to an
               angle no greater than that which can be retained by vegetative
               cover.    other erosion control devices or structures should
               only be used where vegetation is not sufficient to control
               erosion.


          10. The length, as well as the angle, of graded slopes should be
               minimized  to reduce the erosive velocity of runoff water.

          POLICY 38       THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF SURFACE WATER AND
                          GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES WILL BE CONSERVED AND PRO-
                          TECTED, PARTICULARLY WHERE SUCH WATERS CONSTITUTE
                          THE PRIMARY OR SOLE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY.


          Explanation of Polic :


          L(-.)cal groundwater supplies and surface water on the Hudson River
               be protected.     The impact of an action on the ciualitY of
          Hudson River water will be a major factor in planning ank": @':ecision
          rcia)'-,ing. Such impacts include those resulting from cons           ac-



                                           111-30









          tivity, land use management, point and non-point pollution sources
          and direct actions in the waterways.

          Groundwater in the North Greenbush waterfront area is not used for
          water supply -purposes.    The Hudson River is also not used for
          drinking water, nor are its tributaries in North Greenbush, due to
          quality of the water. Water quality upgrades on the Hudson would
          initially be for the benefit of recreation, but ultimately for
          development of emergency water supplies.

          See Policy 31.

          POLICY 39       THE TRANSPORT, STORAGE, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
                          SOLID WASTES, PARTICULARLY HAZARDOUS WASTES, WITHIN
                          COASTAL AREAS WILL BE CONDUCTED IN SUCH A MANNER AS
                          TO PROTECT GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER SUPPLIES,
                          SIGNIFICANT FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITATS, RECREATION
                          AREAS, IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL LANDS AND SCENIC
                          RESOURCES.


          Explanation of Policy:

          The definitions of terms "solid wastes" and "solid wastes manage-
          ment facilities" are taken from New York's Solid Waste Management
          Act (Environmental Conservation Law, Article 27).        Solid wastes
          include sludges from air or water pollution control facilities,
          demolition and construction debris, and industrial and commercial
          wastes..

          Hazardous wastes are unwanted by-products of manufacturing
          processes and are generally characterized as being flammable,
          corrosive , reactive, or toxic. More specifically, hazardous waste
          is defined in Environmental Conservation Law [ï¿½27-0901.3] as "a
          waste or combination of wastes which because of its quantity,
          concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics
          may: (a) cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in
          mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, 'or incapacitating
          reversible illness; or (b) pose a substantial present or potential
          hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated,
          stored, transported, disposed or otherwise managed".     6 NYCRR Part
          371 lists hazardous wastes. Examples of solid waste management
          facilities include resource recovery facilities, sanitary landfills
          and solid waste reduction facilities.        Although a fundamental
          problem associated with the disposal and treatment of solid waste
          is the contamination of water resources, other related problems may
          include:    filling of wetlands and littoral areas; atmosphere
          loading; and degradation of scenic resources.

          POLICY 39A      THE UNAUTHORIZED DUMPING OF HOUSEHOLD AND COMMER-
                          CIAL SOLID WASTES ALONG THE CONRAIL TROY-GREENBUSH
                          RAIL LINE AND RIGHT-OF-WAY, ADJACENT TO THE WET-
                          LAND, IN THE RAVINES OR ELSEWHERE WITHIN THE NORTH


                                          111-31











                          GREENBUSH WATERFRONT AREA, ESPECIALLY IN PROXIMITY
                          TO EXISTING OR POTENTIAL RECREATION AREAS, IS PRO-
                          HIBITED.


          Explanation of Policy:

          The undeveloped condition of the North Greenbush waterfront, in
          conjunction with land ownership and access patterns, seems to
          invite unauthorized dumping of household and commercial solid
          wastes, particularly along the rail line and especially near the
          wetland. This activity not only creates visual blight, but also
          increases the potential for physical and chemical degradation of
          the wetland. It is the intention of the Town of North Greenbush
          to pursue restoration of these illegal dumping areas and to prevent
          future dumping  at any location in the waterfront area.


          POLICY 40       THE STATE COASTAL POLICY REGARDING EFFLUENT
                          DISCHARGED FROM MAJOR STEAM ELECTRIC GENERATING AND
                          INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES IS NOT APPLICABLE TO THE TOWN
                          OF NORTH GREENBUSH.


          POLICY  41      LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENT IN THE COASTAL AREA WILL NOT
                          CAUSE NATIONAL OR STATE AIR QUALITY TO BE VIOLATED.

          Explanation of  Polic :


          New York's Coastal Management Program incorporates the air quality
          policies and programs developed for the State by the Department of
          Environmental Conservation pursuant to the Clean Air Act and State
          laws on air quality. The requirements of the clean Air Act are the
          minimum air quality control requirements applicable within the
          waterfront area.


          Expansion of the Town's existing industrial district is proposed
          within the waterfront    area.    Uses prohibited in the industrial
          district are specified by type, such as brewing, manufacture of
          certain food products,   chemicals, petroleum, and metals, building
          material processing and commercial laundries.      Such industries can
          degrade the environment through production of excessive air pollu-
          tants or noise, and can create a large risk of fire, explosion,
          radiation or other physical hazards.

          The sewage treatment plant, located outside of the industrial zone,
          will not, by its operation, cause deterioration of the existing air
          quality ratings for the North Greenbush waterfront area.

          However, intermittent odor problems occur at this plant and at the
          Albany County sewage treatment plant across the river. These odors
          could impair the use and enjoyment of the Town's waterfront.
          Therefore, the plants must be managed and monitored so as to
          mitigate odors to the maximum extent practicable. Actions which



                                           111-32










          cause further odors or deterioration in air quality are incon-
          sistent with this policy.

          POLICY 42       COASTAL MANAGEMENT POLICIES WILL BE CONSIDERED IF
                          THE STATE RECLASSIFIES LAND AREAS PURSUANT TO THE
                          PREVENTION OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION REGULATIONS
                          OF THE FEDERAL CLEAN AIR ACT.


          gxplanation of Policy:

          The policies of the State and local coastal management         programs
          concerning proposed land and water uses and the protection and
          preservation of special management areas will be taken into account
          prior to any action to change prevention of significant deterio-
          ration land classifications in coastal regions or adjacent areas.
          In addition, the Department of State will provide the Department
          of Environmental    Conservation with recommendations for proposed
          prevention of significant deterioration land classification
          designations based upon State and local coastal management
          programs.


          POLICY 43       LAND USE OR DEVELOPMENT IN THE COASTAL AREA MUST NOT
                          CAUSE THE GENERATION OF SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF THE
                          ACID RAIN PRECURSORS: NITRATES AND SULFATES.


          XxPlanatio_n of Policy:

          The New York Coastal Management Program incorporates the State I s
          policies on acid rain.     As such, the Coastal Management Program
          will assist in the State's efforts to control acid rain. These
          efforts to control acid rain will enhance the continued viability
          of coastal fisheries, wildlife, agricultural, scenic and water
          resources.


          POLICY 44       PRESERVE AND PROTECT TIDAL AND FRESHWATER WETLANDS
                          AND PRESERVE THE BENEFITS DERIVED FROM THESE AREAS.


          ExplanatiorA of Policy

          Freshwater wetlands include marshes, swamps, bogs, and flats
          supporting aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation and other wetlands
          so defined in the NYS Freshwater Wetlands Act and the NYS
          Protection of Waters Act. One Class II freshwater wetland has been
          delineated in the Town, TS-105.

          No tidal wetlands are delineated on the Hudson River north of the
          Tappan Zee Bridge.








                                           111-33











         The benefits from the preservation of wetlands include, but are not
         limited to:


              a.    Habitat for wildlife and fish and contribution to
                    associated aquatic food chains;

              b.    Erosion, flood and storm control;

              C.    Natural pollution treatment;

              d.    Groundwater protection;

              e.    Recreational opportunities;

              f.    Educational and scientific opportunities; and

              9-    Aesthetic open space in developed areas.

         Wetland restoration shall be undertaken in accordance with a plan
         which adheres to the objectives of the State Freshwater Wetlands
         Law and is reviewed by appropriate authorities at the State
         Department of Environmental Conservation or the Department of
         State. The plan should consider the following: (a) enhancement
         of water circulation and selective deepening of existing wetland
         areaS to favor indigenous plant species (e.g. cattails rather than
         purple loosestrife);     (b) excavation of gravelly. upland areas
         surrounding wetlands to create new, shallow open water areas which
         could serve as habitat   for appropriate plant and animal species.


         New roads and walkways which would traverse wetlands should be
         elevated wherever possible so that water circulation is not
         impeded. The maintenance or upgrading of existing roads and rail
         lines should not impinge in any way upon wetlands either by
         widening the existing right-of-way or releasing deleterious
         materials and substances.


         Areas adjacent to wetlands shall be designed so as to:

              a.    Maximize pervious land surface and vegetative cover to
                    minimize stormwater runoff and to prevent polluted waters
                    from reaching adjacent waters and wetlands;

              b.    Direct runoff away from adjacent waters and wetlands, to
                    the extent feasible, by site grading or other methods;
                    and


              C.    Remove runoff from parking lots, maintenance, fueling and
                    wash-down areas in a manner that will prevent oils,
                    grease, and detergents from reaching adjacent waters and
                    wetlands.



                                        111-34






  0























                                    SECTION IV



                           PROPOSED LAND AND WATER USES


                                       AND
   0                            PROPOSED PROJECTS











   0












        IV. PROPOSED LAND AND WATER USES AND PROPOSED PROJECTS


        The waterfront area in the Town of North Greenbush is an isolated
        enclave in contrast to the urbanized waterfronts in communities to
        the north and south.    The land use plan and supporting projects
        included in this LWRP are intended to expand use of, and access to,
        this area while protecting its unique characteristics.

        A.   LAND USE PLAN (SEE MAP NO. 7)

             The Land Use Plan designates six categories of land use, as
             described below. These are based on a combination of existing
             use, physical constraints and development objectives.        The
             categories were not directly comparable to zoning districts
             but, in several instances, required revisions in the text
             and/or map of the-Town's zoning laws. These land use objec-
             tives are reflected in the applicable policies of Section III.


             1.    Escarpment Conservatio


                   This classification applies to the steep, relatively
                   unstable slopes which separate the river flats from the
                   upland plateau.      The only appropriate uses are
                   preservation of natural features and non-intensive
                   recreation uses   such as hiking, nature walks, etc.
                   Development of an access road from the plateau to the
                   waterfront through this area is also appropriate, if
                   developed in accord with the policies dealing with
                   erosion control and preservation of natural features and
                   subject to the use of design techniques based on the
                   unique characteristics of this area. Further discussion
                   of this road is included in item B. below.


             2.    Public Utility


                   This description appl ies to the area occupied by the
                   Rensselaer County sewage treatment plant, the Conrail
                   tracks and the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation
                   transmission lines. In addition to these principal uses,
                   other uses such as hiking trails, boat launches and
                   passive recreation facilities which are compatible with
                   the principal uses are appropriate.

             3.    Planned Waterfront Development


                   All land between the railroad and the water's edge, south
                   of the Town Park land, with approximately 4,000 feet of
                   waterfront and a depth ranging between 600 and 1,000
                   feet, is included in this classification. Although this
                   area has limitations in terms of both access and
                   environmental features, it offers a unique opportunity



                                             IV-3











                     to develop access to the waterfront and to integrate
                     upland and water-related uses.

                     A variety of water-dependent and water enhanced uses are
                     permitted in this area, subject to development standards
                     and a review process which ensures that environmental
                     resources are protected, under a new zoning district es-
                     tablished for only this area. Since this entire area is
                     owned by one entity, the RPI Technical Park, it is
                     intended that the development plan for the entire area
                     include a mixture of the permitted uses (see below) to
                     create a total integrated environment based on use of,
                     and proximity to, the river.

                     Permitted uses will consist of a combination of the
                     following:

                     a.   Marinas, boat launches, docking and similar uses.

                     b.   Conferences centers, offices, restaurants and sup-
                          porting facilities.

                     C.   Cultural, educational, or scientific uses which
                          utilize the coastal resources.


                     d.   Uses which require water transportation.

                     e.   Residential uses which by site design, supporting
                          facilities or other means utilize the particular
                          advantages of a waterfront site.

                     Standards and procedures to be followed for development
                     of the permitted uses will be included in the provisions
                     of a new Planned Waterfront Development District (see
                     Exhibit V-A).

                4.   Light Industrial


                     The lands at the end of Glenmore Road would receive this
                     designation.   This area, which includes the New York
                     State Armory and WRPI radio tower, is the only substan-
                     tial portion of the proposed waterfront area on the
                     upland plateau.   Light industrial, research and office
                     uses are appropriate here.     Such a designation would
                     require a rezoning from "AR" Agricultural Residential to
                     "G" Industry.

                5.   Park/Recreatio

                     Although recreational uses are appropriate throughout the
                     waterfront area, only the land dedicated to the Town of
                     North Greenbush by RPI, just south of the Niagara Mohawk


                                               IV-4










                      transmission line, is specifically designated for such
                      use. The site should be devoted to active and passive
                      water- dependent and related uses and serve as the
                      primary public access to the river.       To the extent
                      possible, the use of this area should be planned to
                      complement uses in the adjacent Planned waterfront
                      Development District.



           B.    PROPOSED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PROJECTS


           The following projects are proposed to implement certain aspects
           of policies set forth in Section III.        These projects do not
           include private development activities such as conference centers,
           offices., etc. which will be included in the land use plan and
           governed by the proposed zoning controls and the criteria
           established in the LWRP policies.

                 1.   Riverfront Access Roa


                      A road providing vehicular access to the riverfront is
                      essential to the Town's policies and objectives for
                      utilizing its waterfront resources.    Such a road would
                      allow development of water-dependent and enhanced uses
                      by the RPI Tech Park, in accord with the Planned
                      Waterfront Development District, and would provide access
                      to the Town-owned waterfront lands.


                      Due to the sensitive nature of the steep hillside between
                      the river flats and the escarpment above, as discussed
                      in Section II, the location and design of an access road
                      must recognize and mitigate potential impacts of its
                      construction.   In order to analyze the nature of the
                      problem and identify a feasible location and necessary
                      design criteria, a study was undertaken by a soils
                      engineer familiar with the site. This study is attached
                      as Appendix A.

                      The study evaluated the existing surface and sub-surface
                      soils conditions, geology, and groundwater conditions.
                      Three alternate alignments (see Map No. 8) for an access
                      road were analyzed, based on these factors, to determine
                      how each would impact the marginally stable side slopes.

                      The analysis revealed that an alignment along the bottom
                      of the ravine just south of the power lines (Route B)
                      would substantially reduce problems of stability as
                      opposed to alignments traversing the sides of the ravine
                      (A or C).   By f illing in the bottom of the ravine, a
                      roadway of adequate width could be created with a rela-
                      tively moderate grade of 6-7%. This alignment has the
                      further advantages of providing erosion protection at the

                                                IV-5











                  bottom of the ravine and allowing more efficient use of
                  the land on top of the plateau.

                  Design considerations are simplified by the alignment at
                  the bottom of the ravine. Since there would be little
                  need for cut, extensive areas of raw soil would not be
                  exposed and subject to erosion. Areas of fill would not
                  require retention, since they would be placed at the
                  bottom of the existing ravine. Conventional methods of
                  erosion sedimentation control can be used to prevent
                  adverse impacts.

                  The feasibility study demonstrates that the proposed
                  access road can be designed and constructed in a manner
                  that will not adversely impact the fragile hillside.

            2.    Development of Town Par


                  The waterfront site dedicated to the Town by RPI should
                  be developed as a multi-use riverfront park. Boating and
                  fishing would be the principal active recreation empha-
                  sized here;   opportunities for picnics, concerts and
                  other forms of passive recreation would also abound.
                  From this focal point, other areas of the waterfront,
                  including hiking, biking, exercise and cross-country
                  skiing trails, and nature study areas would be
                  accessible.


            3.    Wetlands Enhancement/Greenway Trails/Nature Study Areas


                  Restoration and enhancement of the wetland habitat for
                  both wildlife and passive recreation is a unique
                  opportunity which can be realized in the waterfront area.
                  Opportunity exists to regrade barren gravel areas on both
                  the Town Park land and RPI property to form shallow
                  waterways and ponds, perhaps 3 to 4 f eet in depth, for
                  waterfowl habitat; and to seed and plant surrounding open
                  areas with appropriate grasses, legumes, and shrubs that
                  will provide additional forage and ground cover for small
                  mammals and birds.


                  A perimeter trail around the wetlands to accommodate
                  joggers, bikers, hikers and skiers to be connected to a
                  trail system along the escarpment as part of a "greenway"
                  system extending to the north and south is also possible.
                  A small-scale interpretative nature study center/observa-
                  tion deck area is also possible. At appropriate points
                  among the cottonwoods which surround the wetland area,
                  as well as along the seawall overlooking the Hudson,
                  clusters of picnic tables and benches could be placed.





                                            IV-6











                4.   Dredaing and Excavation f or Karina Develoipment an
                     Bulkhead Improvement


                     Dredging and excavation to create an inland marina with
                     a navigable depth of 8 to 10 feet will provide a
                     protected small boat harbor accessible from both the
                     proposed Riverfront Park and the RPI lands.            spoil
                     material generated will be utilized for initial develop-
                     ment of the Town Park and nature study sites and as
                     other-wise practical throughout the waterfront area to
                     accommodate the uses intended.       Where necessary for
                     stabilization, riprapping of the marina embankment would
                     occur, as well as repair of the bulkhead.

                     This work will require a permit under Article 15 of the
                     Environ-mental Conservation Law and probably Article 24.
                     An Army Corps of Engineers permit will also be required.
                     This work which must be carefully planned and scheduled
                     to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on the adjacent
                     wetlands and riverfront environment.














































                                                IV-7











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                                                                                                                                      Planned Waterfront Develc,,,@t

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                                                                                                       AA A                           Proposed Coastal Boundary


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                                                                                                       A., EW
                                                                                                               ATER USES



                                                                                 LOCAL                 WATERFRONT           REVITALIZATION                   PROGRAM
                                                                              TOWN OF NOPTH 'GREENBUSH
                                                                                                                       11WI

                                                                              Shuster Associates                                              Planning Consultants






   0



                                        I














                                     SECTION V



                                    TECHNIQUES

                                        FOR
   0                           LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION
                                         OF



                                    THE PROGRAM



























   0












          V.   TECHNIQUES FOR LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROG

          This section describes the local techniques --legal, administrative,
          managerial and financial--required to carry out the LWRP.

          Part A describes local legislation which will help to implement the
          program. Part B sets forth specific implementing actions. Part
          C describes the management structure to coordinate the program.
          Part D indicates the financial resources needed and, where pos-
          sible, available to carry out specific proposed actions.

          A.   LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS


               1.    Existing Laws and Reciulations,

                     The following existing laws and regulations are used by
                     the Town to regulate or review land use and development
                     activity in the waterfront area:

                     Chaipter 51. "Buildina Construction. 11 adopted by the Town
                     Board in August 1965, reaffirming the applicability of
                     the NYS Building Construction Code in the Town and
                     providing for a Building official empowered to enforce
                     the State Code and all other applicable laws, ordinances,
                     rules and regulations relating to construction in the
                     Town of North Greenbush.


                     Chapter 65. "Environmgntal Quality Review. 11 Local Law No.
                     2-1977, adopted by the Town Board to locally implement
                     Article 8 of the Environmental Conservation Law (State
                     Environmental Quality Review Act) in accordance with the
                     provisions of Part 617 of Title 6, NYCRR.

                     Chapter 70. "Flood Damacie Prevention Law. Town of North
                     Greenbush, New York, 11 Local Law No. 2-1980, adopted by
                     the Town Board in compliance with the requirements of the
                     National Flood Insurance Program.        As discussed in
                     Section III, this local law provides uniform standards
                     and review procedures for building construction, site
                     improvements, and utility installations within special
                     flood hazard areas. This law applies to virtually all
                     of the area in the river flats.


                     Chapteg 73. "Freshwater Wetlands Protection Law of the
                     Town of North Greenbush, New York", Local Law No. 4-
                     1976, adopted by the Town Board to exercise its authority
                     pursuant to Article 24 of the New York State Environ-
                     mental Conservation Law. As also discussed in Section
                     III, all regulated activity within any freshwater wetland
                     or adjacent area is subject under this Local Law to
                     permit approval by the Town Planning Board, after review
                     and recommendation by the "Environmental Council," as

                                          v-3











                    established by the Town Board in August 1978 and provided
                    for in Chapter 5 of the Town Code. This law applies to
                    wetland area TS-105 on the final wetland maps filed for
                    Rensselaer County.

                    Chat)ter 97A. "Site Plan Review and APProvAl Law." Local
                    Law No. 3-1981, adopted by the Town Board, and requiring
                    site plan review and approval by the Planning Board prior
                    to "issuing of building permits for construction in the
                    BN - Neighborhood Business, BG - General Business, or IG
                    - Industrial zoning Districts" or for "buildings to be
                    occupied or used by governmental, institutional, frater-
                    nal and religious organiza-tions, no matter where
                    located." This law now applies only to a small portion
                    of the waterfront area where the 1IG1 District extends
                    within 2,000 feet of the river.

                    Chapter 116. "The CoMprehensive Zoning LAw of the Town
                    of North Greenbush. New York." Local Law No. 1-1976,
                    adopted by the Town Board as a comprehensive amendment
                    to Local Law No. 2-1971, and from time to time amended
                    since 1976. This Local Law divides the Town into zoning
                    districts and provides uniform regulations regarding land
                    use and development standards within each zoning
                    district. Current zoning designations in the waterfront
                    area are 1AR1- Agricultural and Residential and 1IG1
                    Industry.

                    ChaRter A120. "Land Subdivision Regulations, Town of
                    North Greenbush, New York", adopted by the Planning Board
                    and approved by the Town Board in May 1976 as a compre-
                    hensive amendment to land subdivision regulations in
                    effect within the Town since 1964.


                    Qhapter 63. "Dumps and Dumping" -, regulates dumping and
                    waste disposal throughout the Town.

               2.   Additional Legislation Adopted

                    The following legislation is required either to provide
                    the administrative framework for implementing the LWRP
                    or to establish specific regulations to ensure that
                    coastal policies are implemented.

                    a.   Local Consistency Law

                         A local law was enacted by the Town.to require that
                         all local boards, agencies, commissions and
                         departments act consistently with the policies
                         established in the LWRP.




                                         V-4












                    b.    Zoning Amendments

                          (1)  An amendment to the Zoning Law created a
                               Planned Waterfront Development District to
                               establish standards and criteria for the
                               development of the land along the river owned
                               by RPI. (See Appendix B and Maps 7 and 10).

                          (2)  Rezoning the lands at the end of Glenmore Road
                               for industrial use, as included in the Land and
                               Water Use Plan. Action on this change will be
                               deferred until alignment of the new Route 9
                               connector has been agreed upon.

                    C.    Site Plan Revie


                          T',he Site Plan Review Law was amended to include
                          development in the Planned Waterfront District as
                          requiring site plan approval and to include the
                          standards of best management practices to control
                          E:osion and sedimentation.


         B.    OTHER ACTIONS

         Development of the Waterfront Park and related recreational
         facilities in the waterfront area requires development of the
         proposed waterfront acces, road.       Although this road is on RPI
         property and will primarily serve its future use of the area,
         cooperation between the Town and the owner is required in view of
         the joint uses proposed.      Design, scheduling and agreement as to
         joint public-private participation and maintenance should be
         initiated as soon as possible.

         C.    MANAGEMENT ï¿½TRUCTURE TO IMPLEMENT THE PROGRAM

         A small Waterfront Advisory Task Force was formed to evaluate the
         problems, and possibilities facing the waterfront area.             Upon
         adoption of the LWRP, however, its task was completed.               The
         continued responsibility to monitor and coordinate implementation
         of the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program was assumed by the
         Town Board, through the.Supervisor, as chief administrator. The
         Board will require the advice and assistance of the Planning Board
         and other involved agencies as appropriate to accomplish the
         following  tasks:

               1.   Establish implementation priorities, work assignments,
                    timetables, and budgetary requirements of the program.

               2.   Review applications for coastal development permits,
                    zoning changes, subdivision and public works projects in
                    the waterfront area and advise the appropriate agency.


                                          V-5












               3.    Make application for funding from state, federal, or
                     other sources to finance projects under the LWRP.

               4.    Maintain liaison with related Town bodies, including, but
                     not limited to, the Planning and Zoning Boards, and with
                     concerned non- governmental bodies, in order to further
                     the implementation of the LWRP.

               5.    Evaluate in timely fashion proposed actions of State
                     agencies within the coastal zone in order to assure
                     consistency of such actions with policies of the LWRP,
                     advise the Board of any conflicts, and participate in
                     discussion to resolve such conflicts.


               6.    Review proposed federal actions referred to it by the
                     Department of State and advise the DOS as to its opinion
                     concerning the consistency of the action with local
                     coastal policies.

               7.    Develop   and   maintain    liaison   with    neighboring
                     municipalities, and with county agencies.

               8.    Perform other functions regarding the coastal zone as may
                     be appropriate from time to time.

          The Town Board will be responsible for initiating and coordinating
          actions necessary to implement the LWRP and determining consistency
          of local, state and federal actions with the policies of the LWRP.


          D.   FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO IMPLEMENT THE LWRP


          Financial resources in varying amounts are required to implement
          the three types of actions in the LWRP--legal, administrative and
          physical projects.      Resources necessary for the first two
          categories are relatively small and can be included in normal
          annual budget allocations.

          Although the list of physical projects has been intentionally
          limited to those of highest priority, several are beyond the normal
          financial capacity of the Town.

          Section VI indicates various State and federal programs which may
          affect implementation of the LWRP, including some potential funding
          sources for specific physical projects. However, it is recognized
          that such funding is limited and competition for available funds
          is intense.


          E.   REVIEW OF PROPOSED STATE AND FEDERAL ACTIONS

          The Town will review proposed State and Federal actions within the
          waterfront area in accordance with procedures established by the
          New York State Department of State. Such procedures are set forth
          in Appendix C.


                                         V-6








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                     ZONING DISTRICTS KEY-

                             AR AGRICULTURAL&RE51DENTIAL
                                                                                                     WWAAS
                                 RESIDENT -SINGLE FAMLY
                                                                         J                            65

                             RM RESIDENT -MULTIPLE

                             BN NEIGHBORHOOD BUSINE.55


                             BG GENERALBUNNESS


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                .ZONING DISTRICTS KEY-
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                       RM RESIDENT -MULTIPLE              0000", 0
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                                     LOCAL   WATERFRONT     REVITALIZATION    PROGRAM
                                   TOWN OF NORTH GREENBUSH
                                   Shuster Associates                 Planning Consultants






  0

































                                    SECTION VI
   0                        FEDERAL AND STATE PROGRAMS
                         LIKELY TO AFFECT IMPLEMENTATION
































   0












         State and Federal actions will affect and be affected by implemen-
         tation of the LWRP.     Under State law and the U.S Coastal Zone
         Management Act, certain State and Federal actions within or
         affecting the local waterfront area must be "consistent" or
         "consistent to the maximum extent practicable" with the enforceable
         policie@s@,and purposes of the LWRP.   This consistency requirement
         makes the'LWRP a unique, intergovernmental mechanism for setting
         policy and making decisions and helps to prevent detrimental
         actions from occurring and future options from being needlessly
         foreclosed. At the same time, the active participation of State and
         Federal agencies is also likely to be necessary to implement
         specific provisions of the LWRP.

         The first part of this section identifies the actions and programs
         of State and Federal agencies which should be undertaken in a
         manner consistent with the LWRP. This @is a generic list of actions
         and programs, as identified by the NYS Department of State;
         therefore, some of the actions and programs listed may not be
         relevant to this LWRP.         Pursuant to the State Waterfront
         Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act (Executive
         Law, Article 42), the Secretary of State individually and
         separately notifies affected State agencies of those agency actions
         and programs which are to be undertaken in a manner consistent with
         approved LWRPs.    Similarly, Federal agency actions and programs
          ubject to consistency requirements are identified in the manner
         prescribed by the U.S. coastal Zone Management Act and its
         s

         implementing regulations. The lists of State and Federal actions
         and programs included herein are informational only and do not
         represent or substitute for the required identification and
         notification procedures. The current official lists of actions
         subject to State and Federal consistency requirements may be
         obtained from the NYS Department of State.

         The second part of this section is a mo  re focused and descriptive
         list of State and Federal agency actions which are necessary to
         further implementation of the LWRP.    It is recognized that a State
         or Federal agency's ability to undertake such actions is subject
         to a variety of factors and considerations; that the consistency
         provisions referred to above,      may not apply;     and that the
         consistency requirements can not be used to require a state or
         Federal agency to undertake an action it could not undertake
         pursuant to other provisions of law. Reference should be made to
         Section IV and Section V, which also discuss State and Federal
         assistance needed to implement the LWRP.












                                         VI-3














           A.    STATE AND FEDERAL ACTIONS AND PROGRAMS WHICH SHOULD BE
                 UNDERTAKEN IN A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THE LWRP


           1.    state Agencies


           OFFICE FOR THE AGING


           1.00 Funding and/or approval programs for the establishment of new
                 or expanded facilities providing various services for the
                 elderly.

           DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS


           1.00 Agricultural Districts Program.

           2.00 Ru-ral development programs.

           3.00  Farm worker services programs.

           4.00  Permit and approval programs:

                 4.01 Custom Slaughters/Processor Permit
                 4.02 Processing Plant License
                 4.03 Refrigerated Warehouse and/or Locker Plant License

           DIVISION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL/STATE LIQUOR AUTHORITY

           1.00  Permit and approval programs:

                 1.01 Ball Park - Stadium License
                 1.02 Bottle Club License
                 1.03 Bottling Permits
                 1.04 Brewer's Licenses and Permits
                 1.05 Brewer's Retail Beer License
                 1.06 Catering Establishment Liquor License
                 1.07 Cider Producer's and Wholesaler's Licenses
                 1.08 Club Beer, Liquor, and wine Licenses
                 1.09 Distiller's Licenses
                 1.10 Drug Store, Eating Place, and Grocery Store Beer Licenses
                 1.11 Farm Winery and Winery Licenses
                 1.12 Hotel Beer, Wine, and Liquor Licenses
                 1.13 Industrial Alcohol Manufacturer's Permits
                 1.14 Liquor Store License
                 1.15 On-Premises Liquor License
                 1.16 Plenary Permit (Miscellaneous-Annual)
                 1.17 Summer Beer and Liquor Licenses
                 1.18 Tavern/Restaurant and Restaurant Wine Licenses
                 1.19 Vessel Beer and Liquor Licenses
                 1.20 Warehouse Permit
                 1.21 Wine Store License
                 1.22 Winter Beer and Liquor Licenses
                 1.23 Wholesale Beer, wine, and Liquor Licenses

                                              VI-4












          DIVISION OF ALCOHOLISM AND ALCOHOL ABUSE


          1.00 Facilities     construction,    rehabilitation,     expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.

          2.00  Permit and approval programs:

                2.01 Letter Approval for Certificate of Need
                2.02 Operating Certificate (Alcoholism Facility)
                2.03 Operating Certificate - Community Residence
                2.04 Operating Certificate (outpatient Facility)
                2.05 Operating Certificate (sobering-Up Station)


          COUNCIL ON THE ARTS


          1.00 Facilities     construction,    rehabilitation, expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.

          2.00 Architecture and environmental arts program.


          DEPARTMENT OF BANKING


          1.00  Permit and approval programs:

                1.01 Authorization   Certificate (Bank Branch)
                1.02 Authorization   Certificate (Bank Change of Location)
                1.03 Authorization   Certificate (Bank Charter)
                1.04-Authorization Certificate (Credit Union Change of
                     Location)
                1.05 Authorization   Certificate (Credit Union Charter)
                1.06 Authorization   Certificate (Credit Union Station)
                1.07 Authorization   Certificate (Foreign Banking Corporation
                     change of Location)
                1.08 Authorization Certificate (Foreign Banking Corporation
                     Public Accommodations office
                1.09 Authorization Crtificate (Investment Company Branch)
                1.10 Authorization   Certificate (Investment Company change of
                     Location)
                1.11 Authorization   Certificate (Investment Company charter)
                1.12 Authorization Certificate (Licel-rsed Lender Change of
                     Location)
                1.13 Authorization   Certificate (Mutual Trust Company Charter)
                1.14 Authorization   Certificate (Private Banker Charter)
                1.15 Authorization   Certificate  (Public Accommodation office -
                      Banks)
                1.16 Authorization   Certificate   (Safe Deposit Company Branch)
                1.17 Authorization   Certificate (Safe Deposit Company Change
                     of Location)
                1.18 Authorization   Certificate  (Safe Deposit Company Charter)
                1.19 Authorization   Certificate   (Savings Bank Charter)
                1.20 Authorization   Certificate (Savings Bank De Novo Branch
                     office)

                                            VI-5











               1.21  Authorization     Certificate     (Savings     Bank     Public
                     Accommodations Office)
               1.22  Authorization Certificate (Savings and Loan Association
                     Branch)
               1.23  Authorization Certificate (Savings and Loan Association
                     Change of Location)
               1.24  Authorization Certificate (Savings and Loan Association
                     Charter)
               1.25  Authorization Certificate (Subsidiary Trust Company
                     Charter)
               1.26  Authorization Certificate (Trust Company Branch)
               1.27  Authorization Certificate (Trust Company-Change of
                     Location)
               1.28  Authorization Certificate (Trust Company Charter)
               1.29  Authorization     Certificate     (Trust    Company     Public
                     Accommodations Office)
               1.30  Authorization to Establish a Life Insurance Agency
               1.31  License as a Licensed Lender
               1.32  License for a Foreign Banking Corporation Branch

          CAPITAL DISTRICT TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY [regional agency]

          1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other
               activities related to the management of land under the
               jurisdiction of the Authority.

          2.00 Facilities construction,        rehabilitation, expansion, or
               demolition.


          DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE


          1.00 Preparation or revision of statewide or specific plans to
               address State economic development needs.

          @.00 Allocation of the state tax-free bonding reserve.

          DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONAL SERVICES


          1.00 Facilities    construction,     rehabilitation,    expansion,     or
               demolition or the funding of such activities.


          DORMITORY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK


          1.00 Financing of higher education and health care facilities.

          2.00 Planning and design services assistance program.

          EDUCATION DEPARTMENT


          1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, demolition
               or the funding of such activities.



                                           VI-6











          2.00 Permit and approval programs:

               2.01  Certificate of Incorporation (Regents Charter)
               2.02  Private Business School Registration,
               2.03  Private School License
               2.04  Registered Manufacturer of Drugs and/or Devices
               2.05  Registered Pharmacy Certificate
               2.06  Registered Wholesaler of Drugs and/or Devices
               2.07  Registered Wholesaler-Repacker of Drugs and/or Devices
              .2.08  Storekeeper's Certificate


          ENERGY PLANNING BOARD AND ENERGY OFFICE


          1.00 Preparation and revision of the State Energy Master Plan.

          NEW YORK STATE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY


          1.00 Issuance of revenue bonds to finance pollution abatement
               modifications in power-generation facilities and various
               energy projects.


          DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION


          1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other
               activities related to the management of lands under the
               jurisdiction of the Department.

          2.00 Classification of Waters Program; classification of land areas
               under the Clean Air Act.


          3.00 Facilities    construction,    rehabilitation,     expansion,     or
               demolition or the funding of such activities.

          4.00 Financial assistance/grant programs:

               4.01  Capital projects for limiting air pollution
               4.02  Cleanup of toxic waste dumps
               4.03  Flood control, beach erosion and other water resource
                     projects
               4.04  Operating    aid   to    municipal   wastewater     treatment
                     facilities
               4.05  Resource recovery and solid waste management capital
                     projects
               4.06  Wastewater treatment facilities


          5.00 Funding assistance for issuance of permits and other
               regulatory activities (New York City only).

          6.00 Implementation of the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1972,
               including:

               (a) Water Quality Improvement Projects


                                           VI-7











                (b)  Land Preservation and Improvement Projects including
                     Wetland Preservation and Restoration Projects, Unique             41
                     Area Preservation Projects, Metropolitan Parks Projects,
                     Open Space Preservation Projects and Waterways Projects.

          7.00 Marine Finfish and shellfish Programs.

          8.00 New York Harbor Drift Removal Project.

          9.00 Permit and approval programs:

                9.01 Certificate of Approval for Air Pollution Episode Action
                     Plan
                9.02 Certificate of compliance for Tax Relief - Air Pollution
                     Control Facility
                9.03 Certificate     to   operate:       Stationary     Combustion
                     Installation;     Incinerator;     Process,     Exhaust     or
                     Ventilation System
                9.04 Permit for Burial of Radioactive Material
                9.05 Permit for Discharge of Radioactive Material to Sanitary
                     Sewer
                9.06 Permit for Restricted Burning
                9.07 Permit    to   Construct:       a   Stationary     Combustion
                     Installation; Incinerator; Indirect Source of Air
                     Contamination; Process, Exhaust or Ventilation System
                9.08 Approval of Plans and Specifications for Wastewater
                     Treatment Facilities.
                9.09 Certificate to Possess and Sell Hatchery Trout in New
                     York State
                9.10 Commercial Inland Fisheries Licenses
                9.11 Fishing Preserve License
                9.12 Fur Breeder's License
                9.13 Game Dealer's License
                9.14 Licenses to Breed Domestic Game Animals
                9.15 License to Possess and Sell Live Game
                9.16 Permit to Import, Transport and/or Export under Section
                     184.1 (11-0511)
                9.17 Permit to Raise and Sell Trout
                9.18 Private Bass Hatchery Permit
                9.19 Shooting Preserve Licenses
                9.20 Taxidermy License
                9.21 Certificate of Environmental Safety (Liquid Natural Gas
                     and Liquid Petroleum Gas)
                9.22 Floating Object Permit
                9.23 Marine Regatta Permit
                9.24 Mining Permit
                9.25 Navigation Aid Permit
                9.26 Permit to Plug and Abandon (a non-commercial oil, gas or
                     solution mining well)
                9.27 Permit to Use Chemicals for the Control or Elimination
                     of Aquatic Insects



                                            VI-8












               9.28 Permit to Use Chemicals for the Control or Elimination
                    of Aquatic Vegetation
               9.29 Permit to Use Chemicals for the Control or Extermination
                    of Undesirable Fish
               9.30 Underground Storage Permit (Gas)
               9.31 Well Drilling Permit (Oil, Gas, and solution Salt Mining)
               9.32 Digger's Permit (Shellfish)
               9.33 License of Menhaden Fishing Vessel
               9.34 License for Non-Resident Food Fishing Vessel
               9.35 Non-Resident Lobster Permit
               9.36 Marine Hatchery and/or Off-Bottom Culture Shellfish
                    Permits
               9.37 Permits to Take Blue-Claw Crabs
               9.38 Permit to Use Pond or Trap Net
               9.39 Resident Commercial Lobster Permit
               9.40 Shellfish Bed Permit
               9.41 Shellfish Shipper's Permits
               9.42 Special Permit to Take Surf Clams from Waters other than
                    the Atlantic ocean
               9.43 Approval  - Drainage Improvement District
               9.44 Approval  - Water (Diversions for) Power
               9.45 Approval  of Well System and Permit to Operate
               9.46 Permit    Article 15, (Protection of Water) -Dam
               9.47 Permit    Article 15, (Protection of Water) -Dock, Pier
                    or Wharf  - Repealed in 1983.
               9.48 Permit  - Article 15, (Protection of water) -Dredge or
                    Deposit Material in a Waterway
               9.49 Permit - Article 15, (Protection of Water) -Stream Bed
                    or Bank Disturbances
               9.50 Permit - Article 15,    Title 15 (Water Supply)
               9.51 Permit - Article 24,    (Freshwater wetlands)
               9.52 Permit - Article 25,    (Tidal Wetlands)
               9.53 River Improvement District approvals
               9.54 River Regulatory District approvals
               9.55 Well Drilling Certificate of Registration
               9.56 Permit to Construct and/or operate a Solid Waste
                    Management Facility
               9.57 Septic Tank  cleaner and Industrial Waste Collector Permit
               9.58 Approval of Plans for Wastewater Disposal Systems
               9.59 Certificate of Approval of Realty Subdivision Plans
               9.60 Cartificate    of    Compliance    (Industrial     Wastewater
                    Treatment Facility)
               9.61 Letters of Certification for Major Onshore Petroleum
                    Facility Oil Spill Prevention and Control Plan
               9.62 Permit - Article 36, (Construction in Flood Hazard Areas)
               9.63 Permit for State Agency Activities for Development in
                    Coastal Erosion Hazards Areas
               9.64 Permit Granted (for Use of State Maintained Flood Control
                    Land)
               9.65 State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES)
                    Permit
               9.66 401 Water Quality Certification


                                          VI-9










          10.00      Preparation and revision of Air Pollution State
                     Implementation Plan.

          11.00      Preparation and revision of Continuous Executive Program
                     Plan.

          12.00      Preparation and revision of Statewide Environmental Plan.

          13.00      Protection of Natural and Man-made Beauty Program.

          14.00      Urban.Fisheries Program.

          15.00      Urban Forestry Program.

          16.00      Urban Wildlife Program.


          ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITIES CORPORATION

          1.00 Financing program for pollution control facilities for
                industrial firms and small businesses.


          FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION


          1.00 Facilities construction,       rehabilitation,     expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.


          OFFICE OF GENERAL SERVICES


          1.00  Administration of the Public Lands Law for acquisition and
                disposition of lands,   grants of land and grants or easement
                of land under water, issuance of licenses for removal of
                materials from lands under water, and oil and gas leases for
                exploration and development.

          2.00  Administration of Article 4-B, Public Buildings Law, in regard
                to the protection and management of State historic and
                cultural properties and State uses of buildings of historic,
                architectural or cultural significance.

          3.00 Facilities      construction,  rehabilitation,     expansion,    or
                demolition.


          DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH


          1.00 Facilities     construction,   rehabilitation, expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.

          2.00 Permit and approval programs:

                2.01 Approval of Completed Works for Public Water Supply
                     Improvements
                2.02 Approval of Plans for Public Water Supply Improvements.


                                           VI-10












               2.03  Certificate of Need (Health Related Facility - except
                     Hospitals)
               2.04  Certificate of Need (Hospitals)
               2.05  operating  Certificate (Diagnostic and Treatment Center)
               2.06  operating  Certificate (Health Related Facility)
               2.07  operating  Certificate (Hospice)
               2.08  operating  Certificate (Hospital)
               2.09  operating  Certificate (Nursing Home)
               2.10  Permit  to Operate a Children's Overnight or Day Camp
               2.11  Permit  to Operate a Migrant Labor Camp
               2.12  Permit  to Operate as a Retail Frozen Dessert Manufacturer
               2.13  Permit  to operate a Service Food Establishment
               2.14  Permit  to Operate a Temporary Residence/Mass Gathering
               2.15  Permit  to Operate  or Maintain a Swimming Pool or Public
                     Bathing Beach
               2.16  Permit to Operate Sanitary Facilities for Realty
                     Subdivisions
               2.17  Shared Health Facility Registration Certificate

         DIVISION OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL and its subsidiaries and
         affiliates


         1.00 Facilities     construction,     rehabilitation,    expansion, or
               demolition.


         2.00  Financial assistance/grant programs:

               2.01  Federal Housing Assistance Payments Programs (section 8
                     Programs)
               2.02  Housing Development Fund Programs
               2.03  Neighborhood Preservation Companies Program
               2.04  Public Housing Programs
               2.05  Rural Area Revitalization Program
               2.06  Rural Preservation Companies Program
               2.07  Rural Rental Assistance Program
               2.08  Urban Initiatives Grant Program
               2.09  LOW Income Housing Trust Fund

         3.00 Preparation and implementation of plans to address housing and
               community renewal needs.

         HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY


         1.00 Funding programs for the construction, rehabilitation, or
               expansion of facilities.

         2.00 Affordable Housing Corporation


         JOB DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY


         1.00 Financing assistance programs for commercial and industrial
               facilities.


                                           VI-11















           MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES FINANCING AGENCY


           1.00 Financing of medical care facilities.


           OFFICE OF MENTAL HEALTH


           1.00 Facilities     construction,   rehabilitation, expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.

           2.00 Permit and approval programs:

                2.01 Operating Certificate (Community Residence)
                2.02 operating Certificate (Family Care Homes)
                2.03 Operating Certificate (Inpatient Facility)
                2.04 operating Certificate (outpatient Facility)


           OFFICE OF MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENT DISABILITIES


           1.00 Facilities     construction,   rehabilitation,     expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.

           2.00 Permit and approval programs:

                2.01 Establishment and Construction Prior Approval
                2.02 operating Certificate Community Residence
                2.03 outpatient Facility Operating Certificate

           DIVISION OF MILITARY AND NAVAL AFFAIRS


           1.00 Preparation and implementation of the State Disaster
                Preparedness Plan.


           NATURAL HERITAGE TRUST


           1.00 Funding program for natural heritage institutions.

           OFFICE OF PARKS, RECREATION AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION (including
           Regional State Park Commissions)-

           1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement or other
                activities related to the management of land tinder the
                jurisdiction of the Office.

           2.00 Facilities     construction,   rehabilitation,     expansion, or
                demolition or the funding of such activities.

           3.00 Funding program for recreational boating, safety and
                enforcement.

           4.00 Funding program for State and local historic preservation
                projects.


                                            VI-12











            5.00 Land and Water Conservation Fund programs.

            6.00  Nomination of properties to the Federal and/or State Register
                  of Historic Places.

            7.00  Permit and approval programs:

                  7.01 Floating objects Permit
                  7.02 Marine Regatta Permit
                  7.03 Navigation Aide Permit
                  7.04 Posting of signs Outside State Parks

            8.00  Preparation and revision of the Statewide Comprehensive
                  Outdoor Recreation Plan and the Statewide Comprehensive
                  Historic Preservation Plan and other plans for public access,
                  recreation, historic preservation or related purposes.

            9.00 Recreation services programs.

            10.00 Urban Cultural Parks Program.


            POWER AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK


            1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other
                  activities related to the management of land under the
                  jurisdiction of the Authority.

            2.00  Facilities construction,       rehabilitation,    expansion, or
                  demolition.


            NEW YORK STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION


            1.00 Corporation for Innovation Development Program.

            2.00 Center for Advanced Technology Program.


            DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES


            1.00 Facilities     construction,    rehabilitation,    expansion, or
                  demolition or the funding of such activities.

            2.00 Homeless Housing and'ASsistance Program.

            3.00  Permit and approval programs:

                  3.01 Certificate of Incorporation (Adult Residential care
                       Facilities)
                  3.02 Operating Certificate (Children's Services)
                  3.03 Operating Certificate (Enriched Housing Program)
                  3.04 Operating Certificate (Home for Adults)
                  3.05 Operating Certificate (Proprietary Home)
                  3.06 Operating Certificate (Public Home)

                                             VI-13











             3.07 operating Certificate (Special Care Home)
             3.08 Permit to Operate a Day Care Center


       DEPARTMENT OF STATE


       1.00 Appalachian Regional Development Program.

       2.00  Coastal Management Program.

       3.00  Community Services Block Grant Program.

       4.00  Permit and approval programs:

             4.01 Billiard Room License
             4.02 Cemetery Operator
             4.03 Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code


       STATE UNIVERSITY CONSTRUCTION FUND


       1.00 Facilities construction,       rehabilitation,    expansion, or
             demolition or the funding of such activities.


       STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK


       1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other
             activities related to the management of land under the
             jurisdiction of the University.

       2.00 Facilities construction,       rehabilitation, expansion, or
             demolition.


       DIVISION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES


       1.00 Facilities     construction,   rehabilitation,    expansion,     or
             demolition or the funding of such activities.

       2.00 Permit and approval programs:
             2.01 Certificate of Approval(Substances         Abuse Services
                  Program)


       DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION


       1.00 Acquistion, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other
             activities related to the management of land under the
             jurisdiction of the Department.

       2.00  Construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition of
             facilities, including but not limited to:

             (a) Highways and parkways
             (b) Bridges on the State highways system
             (c) Highway and parkway maintenance facilities

                                        VI-14











                 (d) Barge Canal
                 (e) Rail facilities

           3.00  Financial assistance/grant programs:

                 3.01  Funding programs for construction/reconstruction and
                       reconditioning/preservation of municipal streets and
                       highways (excluding routine maintenance and minor
                       rehabilitation)
                 3.02  Funding programs for development of the ports of Albany,
                       Buffalo, Oswego, Ogdensburg and New York
                 3.03  Funding programs for rehabilitation and replacement of
                       municipal bridges
                 3.04  Subsidies program for marginal branchlines abandoned by
                       Conrail
                 3.05  Subsidies program   for passenger rail service

           4.00 Permits and approval programs:

                 4.01  Approval of applications for airport improvements
                       (construction projects)
                 4.02  Approval of municipal applications for section 18 Rural
                       and small Urban Transit Assistance Grants (construction
                       projects)
                 4.03  Approval   of   municipal    or   regional    transportation
                       authority applications for funds for design, construction
                       and rehabilitation of omnibus maintenance and storage
                       facilities
                 4.04  Approval   of   municipal    or   regional    transportation
                       authority   applications    for   funds   for   design    and
                       construction of rapid transit facilities
                 4.05  Certificate of Convenience and Necessity to Operate a
                       Railroad
                 4.06  Highway Work Permits
                 4.07  License to Operate Major Petroleum Facilities
                 4.08  Outdoor Advertising Permit (for off-premises advertising
                       signs adjacent to interstate and primary highway)
                 4.09  Permits for Use and Occupancy of N.Y. State Canal Lands
                       [except Regional Permits (Snow Dumping)]
                 4.10  Real Property Division Permit for Use of State-Owned
                       Property

           5.00  Preparation or revision of the Statewide Master Plan for
                 Transportation and sub-area or special plans and studies
                 related to the transportation needs of the State.
                                                  1

           6.00  Water Operation and. Maintenance Program- -Act iv ities related
                 to the containment of petroleum spills and development of an
                 emergency oil-spill control network.





                                            VI-15













         URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION and its subsidiaries


         1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other
              activities related to the management of land under the
              jurisdiction of the Corporation, if any.

         2.00 Planning,    development,    financing,     construction,     major
              renovation or expansion of commercial, industrial and civic
              facilities and the provision of technical assistance or
              financing for such activities---including, but not limited to,
              actions under its discre-tionary economic development programs.

         3.00 Administration of special projects.

         4.00 Administration/of State-funded capital grant programs.


         DIVISION OF YOUTH


         1.00 Facilities    construction,    rehabilitation,     expansion,     or
              demolition and the funding or approval of such activities.



         2.   Federal Agencies


         DIRECT FEDERAL ACTIVITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS


         DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE


         National Marine Fisheries Services


         1.00 Fisheries Management Plans


         DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE


         Army Cor-ps of Engineers


         1.00 Proposed authorizations for dredging, channel improvements,
              breakwaters, other navigational works, or erosion control
              structures, beach replenishment, dams or flood control works,
              ice management practices and activities, and other projects
              with potential to impact coastal lands and waters.

         2.00 Land acquisition for spoil disposal or other purposes.

         3.00 Selection of open water disposal sites.

         Army, Navy and Air Force

         4.00 Location, design, and acquisition of new or expanded defense
              installations (active or reserve status, including associated
              housing, transprotation or other facilities).



                                          VI-16











          5.00 Plans, procedures and facilities for landing or storage use
               zones.


          6.00 Establishment of impact, compatability or restricted use
               zones.


          DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY


          1.00 Prohibition orders.


          GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

          1.00 Acquisition, location and design of proposed Federal
               Government property or buildings, whether leased or owned by
               the Federal Government.


          2.00 Disposition of Federal surplus lands and structures.


          DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR


          Fish and Wildlife Service


          1.00 Management of National Wildlife refuges and proposed
               acquisitions.

          Mineral Management Service

          2.00 OCS lease sale activities including tract selection, lease
               sale stipulations, etc.


          National Park Service


          3.00 National   Park   and   Seashore   management   and    proposed
               acquisitions.


          DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION


          Amtrak, Conrail


          1.0,0 Expansions, curtailments, new cons truct. ion, upgradings or
               abandonments of railroad facilities or services, in or
               affecting the State's coastal area.

          Coast Guard


          2.00 Location and design, construction or enlargement of Coast
               Guard stations, bases, and lighthouses.

          3.00 Location, placement or removal of navigation devices which are
               not part of the routine operations under the Aids to
               Navigation Program (ATON).



                                         VI-17











         4.00 Expansion, abandonment, designation or anchorages, lightering
               areas or shipping lanes and ice management practices and
               activities.


         rederal Aviation Administration

         5.00 Location and design, construction, malintenance, and demolition
               of Federal aids to air navigation.

         Federal Highway Administration

         6.00 Highway construction.

         St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation

         7.00 Acquisition, location, design, improvement and construction
               of new and existing facilities for the operation of the
               Seaway, incuding traffic safety, traffic control and length
               of navigation season.



         FEDERAL LICENSES AND PERMITS


         DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE


         Army  Corps of Engineers

         1.00  Construction of dams, dikes or ditches across navigable
               waters, or obstruction or alteration of navigable waters
               required under Sections 9 and 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act
               of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 401, 403).

         2.00  Establishment of harbor lines pursuant to Section 11 of the
               Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 404, 405).

         3.00  Occupation of seawall, bulkhead, jetty, dike, levee, wharf,
               pier, or other work built by the U.S. pursuant to Section 14
               of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 408).

         4.00  Approval of plans for improvements made at private expens        e
               under USACE supervision pursuant to the Rivers and Harbors Act
               of 1902 (33 U.S.C. 565).

         5.00  Disposal of dredged spoils into the waters of the U.S.,
               pursuant to the Clean Water Act, Section 404, (33 U.S.C.
               1344).

         6.00  All actions for which permits are required pursuant to Section
               103 of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of
               1972 (33 U.S.C. 1413).




                                          VI-18












           7.00 Construction of artificial islands and fixed structures in
                 Long Island Sound pursuant to Section 4(f) of the River and
                 Harbors Act of 1912 (33 U.S.C.).

           DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY


           Economic Regulatory Commission

           1.00 Regulation of gas pipelines, and licensing of import or export
                 of natural gas pursuant to the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717)
                 and the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974.

           2.00 Exemptions from prohibition orders.

           Federal Enercfy Recrulatory Commission

           3.00  Licenses for non-Federal hydroelectric proj.ects and primary
                 transmission lines under Sections 3(11), 4(e) and 15 of the
                 Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(11), 797(11) and 808).

           4.00  Orders for interconnection of electric transmission facilities
                 under Section 202(b) of the Federal Power Act (15 U.S.C.
                 824a(b)).

           5.00  Certificates for the construction and operation of interstate
                 natural gas pipeline facilities, including both pipelines and
                 terminal facilities under Section 7(c) of the Natural Gas Act
                 (15 U.S.C. 717f(c)).

           6.00  Permission and approval f@_,r the abandonment of natural gas
                 pipeline facilities under Section 7(b) of the Natural Gas Act
                 (15 U.S.C. 717f(b)).


           ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


           1.00  NPDES permits and other permits for Federal installations,
                 discharges in contiguous zones and ocean waters, sludge runoff
                 and aquaculture permits pursuant to Section 401, 4021 403,
                 405, and 318 of the Federal water Pollution Control Act of
                 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1341, 1342, 1343, and 1328).

           2.00 Permits pursuant to the Resources Recovery and Conservation
                 Act of 1976.


           3.00  Permits pursuant to the underground injection control program
                 under Section 1424 of the Safe Water Drinking Water Act
                 (42 U.S.C. 300h-c).

           4.00  Permits pursuant to the Clean Air Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C.
                 1857).




                                           VI-19














         DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR


         Fish and Wildlife Services

         1. 00 Endangered species permits pursuant to the Endangered species
               Act (16 U.S.C. 153(a)).

         mineral Management Service


         2.00  Permits to drill, rights of use and easements for construction
               and maintenance of pipelines, gathering and flow lines and
               associated structures pursuant to 43 U.S.C. 1334, exploration
               and development plans, and any other permits or authorizations
               granted for activities described in detail in OCS exploration,
               development, and production plans.

         3.00  Permits required for pipelines crossing federal lands,
               including OCS lands, and associated activities pursuant to the
               OCS Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1334) and 43 U.S.C. 931 (c) and 20
               U.S.C. 185.


         INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION


         1.00 Authority to abandon railway lines (to the extent that the
               abandonment involves removal of trackage and disposition of
               right-of-way); authority to construct railroads; authority to
               construct coal slurry pipelines.


         NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION


         1.00 Licensing and certification of the siting, construction and
               operation of nuclear power plans pursuant to Atomic Energy Act
               of 1954, Title II of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 and
               the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.


         DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION


         Coast Guard


         1.00 Construction or modification of bridges, causeways or
               pipelines over navigable waters pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 1455.

         2.00 Permits for Deepwater Ports pursuant to the Deepwater Ports
               Act of 1974 (33 U.S.C. 1501).

         Federal Aviation Administration

         3.00 Permits and licenses for construction, operation or alteration
               of airports.





                                          VI-20









          FEDERAL ASSISTANCE*

          DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

               10.068     Rural Clean Water Program
               10.409     Irrigation, Drainage, and other Soil and Water
                          Conservation Loans
               10.410     Low to Moderate Income Housing Loans
               10.411     Rural Housing Site Loans
               10.413     Recreation Facility Loans
               10.414     Resource Conservation and Development Loans
               10.415     Rural Rental Housing Loans
               10.416     Soil and Water Loans
               10.418     Water and Waste Disposal Systems for Rural
                          Communities
               10.419     Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Loans
               10.422     Business and.Industrial Loans
               10.423     Community Facilities Loans
               10.424     Industrial Development Grants
               10.426     Area Development Assistance Planning Grants
               10.429     Above Moderate Income Housing Loans
               10.430     Energy Impacted Area Development Assistance Program
               10.901     Resource Conservation and Development
               10.902     Soil and Water Conservation
               10.904     Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention
               10.906     River Basin Surveys and Investigations


          DEPARTMENT OF  COMMERCE


               11.300     Economic Development - Grants and Loans for Public
                          Works and Development Facilities
               11.301     Economic    Development        Business    Development
                          Assistance
               11.302     Economic Development          Support for Planning
                          organizations
               11.304     Economic Development - State and Local Economic
                          Development Planning
               11.305     Economic Development - State and Local Economic
                          Development Planning
               11.307     Special   Economic    Development    and    Adjustment
                          Assistance    Program     -   Long    Term     Economic
                          Deterioration
               11.308     Grants to States for  Supplemental and Basic Funding
                          of Titles I, II, III, IV, and V Activities
               11.405     Anadromous and Great Lakes Fisheries Conservation
               11.407     Commercial Fisheries Research and Development
               11.417     Sea Grant Support
               1.1.427    Fisheries Development and Utilization - Research
                          and Demonstration Grants and Cooperative Agreements
                          Program .
               1.1.501    Development and Promotion of Ports and Intermodal
                          Transportation  VI-21











               11.509    Development and Promotion of Domestic Waterborne
                         Transport Systems

         DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT


               14.112    Mortgage Insurance - Construction or Substantial
                         Rehabilitation of Condominium Projects
               14.115    Mortgage Insurance - Development of sales Type
                         Cooperative Projects
               14.117    Mortgage Insurance     Homes
               14.124    Mortgage Insurance    Investor Sponsored Cooperative
                         Housing
               14.125    Mortgage Insurance       Land Development and New
                         Communities
               14.126    Mortgage Insurance      Management Type Cooperative
                         Projects
               14.127    Mortgage Insurance     Mobile Home Parks
               14.218    community Development Block Grants/Entitlement
                         Grants
               14.219    Community Development Block Grants/Small Cities
                         Program
               14.221    urban Development Action Grants
               14.223    Indian Community Development Block Grant Program


         DEPARTMENT OF  INTERIOR


               15.400    outdoor Recreation     Acquisition, Development and
                         Planning
               15.402    outdoor Recreation     Technical Assistance
               15.403    Disposal of Federal Surplus Real Property for Parks,
                         Recreation, and Historic Monuments
               15.411    Historic Preservation Grants-In-Aid
               15.417    Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Program
               15.600    Anadro mous Fish Conservation
               15.605    Fish Restoration
               15.611    Wildlife Restoration
               15.613    Marine Mammal Grant Program
               15.802    Minerals Discovery Loan Program
               15.950    National Water Research and Development Program
               15.951    Water Resources Research and Technology - Assistance
                         to State Institutes
               15.592    Water Research and Technology - Matching Funds to
                         State Institutes


         DEPARTMENT OF  TRANSPORTATION


               20.102    Airport Development Aid Program
               20.103    Airport Planning Grant Program
               20.205    Highway Research, Planning, and Construction
               20.309    Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement - Guarantee
                         of obligations



                                         VI-22









               20.310     Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement - Redeemable
                          Preference Shares
               20.506     Urban Mass Transportation Demonstration Grants
               20.509     Public Transportation for Rural and small Urban
                          Areas


          GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

               39.002     Disposal of Federal Surplus Real Property

          COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION


               49.002     Community Action
               49.011     Community Economic Development
               49.013     State Economic opportunity offices
               49.017     Rural Development Loan Fund
               49.018     Housing and Community Development (Rural Housing)

          SMALL BUSINESS  ADMINISTRATION


               59.012     Small Business Loans
               59.013     State and Local Development company Loans
               59.024     Water Pollution Control Loans
               59.025     Air Pollution Control Loans
               59.031     Small Business Pollution Control Financing Guarantee


          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY


               66.001     Air Pollution Control Program Grants
               66.418     Construction Grants for Wastewater Treatment works
               66.426     Water Pollution Control - State and Areawide Water
                          Quality Managment Planning Agency
               66.451     Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Program Support
                          Grants
               66.452     Solid Waste Management Demonstration Grants
               66.600     Environmental Protection Consolidated Grants Program
                          Support   Comprehensive    Environmental     Response,
                          Compensation and Liability (Super Fund)


               Numbers refer to the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Programs, 2980 and Its two subsequent updates.





















                                         VI-23












         B.   STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS NECESSARY TO FURTHER'THE LWRP


         1.   state Actions and Programs Necessary to Further the LWRP


              a.    Department of Environmental Conservation

                    (1) Permits for Transportation of Water by Vessel and
                         Apr)roval of Plans for Wastewater Treatment:       if
                         issued in conformance with LWRP policies will help
                         preserve the quality of the Hudson River.

              b.    office of Parks. Recreation and Historic Preservation


                    (1) Land and Water Conservation Funds: Can be used to
                         develop or improve facilities at the Town Park.

              C.    Deipartment of State

                    (1)  Funds for LWRP Implementation: Can be used for pre-
                         construction activities such as the design planning
                         and development of the Town Park, a habitat enhan-
                         cement study for the wetland and a detailed design
                         study and development of a riverfront access road,
                         and feasibility studies for system of hiking trails.

              d.    office of General Services

                    Prior to any development occurring in the water or on the
                    immediate waterfront, OGS should be consulted for
                    determination of the State's interest in underwater or
                    formerly underwater lands and for authorization to use
                    and occupy lands.

         2.   Federal Actions and Procirams-


              a.    Department of Defense, Army Cor'ps of Engineers


                    (1) Dredging Channel Improvements, etc: Funding and/or
                         approval to maintain navigation in the Hudson River
                         and to repair deteriorated bulkheads along the river
                         and improve shoreline facilities.

              b.    Department of the Intgrior

                    (1)  Outdoor Recreation--Acguisition, __Revelopment an
                         Planning:   Such assistance could be used to aid in
                         the preparation of a master plan for the Town's
                         riverfront park and for development of improvements
                         in accord with the plan.

              C.    Department of Transiportatio
                    (1) Approval of joint use of Conrail right-of-way to
                         permit construction of access road.






                                        VI-24






   0































                                    SECTION VII



                              CONSULTATION WITH OTHER


                                      AGENCIES




























   0












        vii. CONSULTATION WITH OTHER AFFECTED FEDERAL, STATE, REGIONAL AND
             LOCAL AGENCIES.


        A.   LOCAL CONSULTATION


             Consultation has consisted of maintaining liaison with Town
             agencies whose action or functions may be affected by the
             LWRP. Two members of the Town Board served on the Waterfront
             Advisory committee.    several public informational meetings
             were held.


        B.   ]REGIONAL CONSULTATIO

             1.   CaPital District Transportation Committee:

                  Contact was made to ascertain the present legal and
                  programming    Istatus   of   proposed   highway     system
                  improvements in North Greenbush.

             2.   Rensselaer County Health Department:

                  Information was provided on public water supply and
                  groundwater characteristics.

        C.   REVIEW OF DRAFT LWRP BY STATE, EEDERAL AND LOCAL AGENCIES

             The Draft LWRP (with Draft EIS) was reviewed and approved by
             the Town Board and forwarded to the NYS Department of State
             (DOS). The DOS then initiated a 60-day review of the Draft
             LWRP/DEIS pursuant to the Waterfront Revitalization and
             Coastal Resources Act and State Environmental Quality Review
             Act. Copies of the Draft LWRP and DEIS were distributed by
             DOS to all potentially affected State and Federal agencies,
             Rensselaer County, adjacent waterfront municipalities, andthe
             Capital District Regional Planning Board. Comments received
             on the Draft LWRP/DEIS were reviewed by DOS and the Town and
             resultant changes were made to the LWRP, which are detailed
             in the Final Environmental Impact Statement.



















                                       VII-3






   0




























                                      SECTION VIII


                                    LOCAL COMMITMENT
   0











   0














          VIII.     LOCAL COMMITMENT


          From the inception of the LWRP, it was recognized that involvement
          and commitment by both local officials and citizens was essential
          to the development of an effective program and to carrying out the
          various tasks to achieve its implementation.        The program to
          achieve local commitment is described below:


          A.   WATERFRONT ADVISORY COMMITTEE


          The first action taken following approval of the LWRP preparation
          grant was to invite interested citizens and members of local boards
          to participate in the program.        The appointment of a Town
          Waterfront Advisory Committee was made from this group.          The
          committee included two members of the North Greenbush Town Board,
          a representative of the RPI Technical Park, and members of other
          local boards, business, civic, planning and environmental groups.

          The Committee was assigned major responsibility for guiding and
          developing the program.    During the initial planning period the
          Committee met at least once a month. Subcommittees were formed to
          discuss policy, consider* alternative approaches and recommend
          specific actions.


          B.   PUBLIC MEETINGS


          The general public has been informed of the planning process
          through periodic releases and through participation in two public
          meetings in the initial stages of the program. The first meeting
          was held soon after the start of the program to determine public
         .concerns, to explain the purpose of the program and its potential
          benefits and to set forth the schedule and procedures to be
          followed. The second meeting was held at a point when the policies
          had been established and a program determined, but when modifica-
          tions were still possible based on public response. A final public
          hearing was held prior to approval by the Town Board.














                                          REFERENCES


           Carroll, D., Rensselaer County Health Department, Troy. NY. Phone
                 conversation, December 1987.       Discussion of groundwater and
                 water supply characteristics in North Greenbush.

           Elam, J.G. , 1960, Geology of the Troy South and East Greenbush
                 Ouadrangles, 1:24,000.       Doctoral dissertation, Rensselaer
                 Polytechnic Institute.

           Fisher, C. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic
                 Preservation,     Albany.       Correspondence     and     telephone
                 conversation, December 1987.      Discussion regarding archaeo-
                 logical potential of North Greenbush riverfront.

           Fisher, D.W. , Isachsen, Y.W. , and Rickard, L.V. , 1970, Geologic Map
                 of New York State, Hudson-Mohawk sheet, New York State Museum
                 and Science Service (NYSMSS) Map and Chart Series No. 15,
                 1:250,000.

           Gione, C., Engineer, Rensselaer County Highway Department.
                 Telephone conversation, June 1987.       Obtained information on
                 county roads.

           Hamlin, J., Consolidated Rail Corporation, Selkirk, NY. Telephone
                 conversation, August 1987. Discussion of freight activity on
                 Troy-Greenbush rail line.

           LaFleur, R.G., 1965, Glacial-- Geology of the Troy, New York
                 Quadrangle, NYSMSS Map and Chart Series No. 7.

           Leone, R., New York State Department of Environmental Conversation
                 (NYSDEC), Albany. Telephone conversation July 1987. Discus-
                 sion of air quality characteristics in North Greenbush area.

           C.T.  Male Associates, P.C. and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
                 April 1981, Master Plan and Environmental Assessment Report
                 for the R.P.I. University Park at North Greenbush.

           C.T.  Male Associates, P.C., and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
                 July 1981., Amendment to Master Plan and Environmental
                 Assessment Report, for the RPI University Park at North
                 Greenbush.


           Ozard, J. NYSDEC, Delmar, New York.          Correspondence July 1987.
                 Information on wetland TS-105.


           Pleuthner, R. NYSDEC, Delmar.       Correspondence July 1987.       Infor-
                 mation on habitat value of wetland TS-105.


           Poorman, J., Planner, Capital District Transportation Committee,
                 Colonie. Telephone conversation, August 1987. Discussion of
                 planning and funding of proposed arterial highway in North
                 and East Greenbush.











         Robak, T.J. and Fickies, R.H. , 1983, Landslide Susceptibility
              within the Lake Clays of the Hudson Valley, New York, NYSMSS,
              Open File Report No. 504.024, 2 Sheets.

         St. Lucia, C., NYSDEC, Albany. Telephone conversation, July 1987.
              Discussion of water quality of Hudson River and tributaries
              in North Greenbush.


         Saratoga Associates, P.C. , 1984, Preliminary Draft, Local water-
              front Revitalization Program: Town of North GreenbusFi-.

         Smith, R, Rensselaer County Soil Conservation Service, Troy. Cor-
              respondence, July 1987. Information provided on updated soil
              series nomenclature.

         Tripp, N., NYSDEC, Region 4 Office, Schenectady.          Telephone
              conversation July 1987. Discussion on wetland regulations and
              mapping.






 - 0




                                                                 I
                                                                 I






   0                                  APPENDIX A
                    GEOTECHNICAL REPORT -- RENSSELAER TECHNOLOGY


                                PARK CONNECTOR ROADWAY




























  1 0









               RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                 Page I





               INTRODUCTION:



               It is our understanding that the client proposes to
               construct a "Connector Roadway" from the upper plateau of
               the Technology Park to the proposed development area along
               t-he Hudson River south of the existing Treatment Plant. The
               elevations in the upper plateau are commonly 200 (M. S. L.)
               or higher and the elevations along the existing railroad
               track near the proposed lower level development are near 20
               (M. S. L.) or lower.

               The area being considered for the proposed Connector Roadway
               would be generally bounded on the north by the existing
               Niagara Mohawk Power Company right of way and on the south
               by the finger of upland bounding the southern edge of the
               major ravine or canyon which parallels the power company
               right of way just south of the power lines. We have
               indicated alternate general routes designated by the letters
               A, B, and C on the diagram (Figure 1). The routes marked A
               and C along the tops of the slopes were indicated to us as
               of primary interest, and the route B along the invert or
               bottom of the canyon was indicated as a possible route.

               We have assumed for the purposes of this study that a
               60-foot right of way would be adequate for the roadway
               contemplated.

               We also understand that possible building development of the
               land surface just south of the proposed route A is of
               interest to the client.

               The purpose of this report is to describe the preliminary
               investigation conducted and to present our preliminary
               recommendations for selection of the proposed route for the
               Connector Roadway.

               INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES:

               No boring or laboratory testing work was performed
               specifically for this project.    The results of earlier
               investigations conducted' throughout the Technology Park have
               been utilized in performing the preliminary analyses
               conducted.

               Our primary field investigation procedure was to walk over
               the proposed routes. We examined the surface conditions
               including the condition of trees, vegetation, and the
               topography.









            RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                 Page 2



            The balance of our investigation included the preliminary
            stability analysis of the slopes along the proposed routes
            and consideration of the drainage and grading aspects of the
            potential designs.

            SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS AND GEOLOGY:


            The important geology for the Technology Park as it bears on
            this study is glacial geology. The soils of greatest
            interest are the lucustrine clays and silts which are
            prevalent throughout the park. These glacial lake clays
            were deposited during the late glacial period in what is
            known as glacial Lake Albany. These soils cover the upper
            plateau area of the Technology Park. The erosion through
            centuries has dissected this clay plateau forming the
            canyons or ravines which drain westerly to the Hudson River.
            The continuing erosion of these canyons has resulted in
            continuing instability of the sides of the canyons.

            The glacial lake clays and silts rest on relatively dense
            glacial till or hardpan formations and the glacial tills in
            turn rest on bedrocks which are primarily shales in this
            area. The glacial tills and shales can be observed in the
            bottoms of some of the canyons or ravines.

            The clay and silt deposits are known to have effect-ive
            friction angles varying between about 23 degrees and 28
            degrees in the weaker layers. The long-term cohesion values
            are quite low and can be assumed to be in the 25 psf to 100
            psf range for the purposes of this preliminary study.

            The key factor in the relative stability of the slopes and
            the clays on the site are the prevailing high groundwater
            tables. When the groundwater tables rise to very shallow
            levels the stable slopes can approach one half the friction
            angle in surface gradient. When the slopes are well drained
            the stable slopes can approach the friction angle itself in
            surface gradient.

            The slopes in most of the canyons or ravines in the subject
            study area are marginally stable and locally unstable. Dead
            trees and fallen trees along with numerous tension cracks
            and scarp faces can be seen throughout the sloping areas
            indicating continuing shallow slope failures. These have
            occurred over decades and centuries. There is reason to
            believe that the works of man since the 17th Century have
            accelerated the erosion and with it the slope instability.

            The gently rolling lands (shaped like fingers in the plan
            view) lying between these generally parallel canyons or
            ravines are very stable except for the edges adjacent to the









            RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                  Page 3


            slopes described above. Failures occur along the edges
            periodically. These failures tend to disturb narrow strips
            of ground surface 10 to 30 feet wide or even less. Deep
            failures which would affect larger amounts of ground surface
            at the tops of slopes are apparently unusual or rare. The
            typical failures are surface or shallow failures typical of
            frictional materials rather than the very deep failures
            which can occur    in soft, highly cohesive @oils.

            GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS:


            Our observations and experience with the groundwater       levels
            in this area indicate that the depth to the general
            groundwater table varies widely. Groundwater levels       are
            generally closer to the surface and may be at.the surface in
            the 'Lower parts of the slopes and at the bottoms of the
            ravines. The groundwater tables near the western ends of
            the fingers of land tend to be lower and therefore the
            ground surface is more stable than in the eastern ends of
            these fingers of land where they join the mass of the upper
            plateau. The in-feed of groundwater into these clay
            deposits is largely horizontal from east to west. The
            horizontal permeability of the ground is much greater than
            the vertical permeability. The infiltration of surface
            water is relatively small on the sloping clay ground except
            for water which penetrates   'seasonal desiccation cracks that
            form in the upper 10 to 15 feet of the profile.

            ANALYSIS:


            General:


            As indicated in the discussion above, the entire area of the
            side slopes of the canyon in the study area can be
            considered as marginally stable or unstable. This is also
            true of the strips of land along the tops of the slope.

            The central portions of the wider finger or strip of land
            south of proposed Route "A" would be relatively stable due
            to the distance from the tops of the slopes flanking to the
            north and south.

            The very bottom of the canyon along the proposed Route B
            would be relatively stable by its position at the lowest
            elevation or bottom of the slopes.

            The existing unstable and marginally stable slopes can be
            stabilized, if necessary, by either flattening the slopes or
            improving the drainage. Flattening would typically be
            accomplished by adding material to the toe of the slope or
            removing material from the top of the slope or a









         RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                 Page 4


         combination. Drainage would be accomplished by installing
         drains aligned up and down the slope or across contour at a
         depth great enough to lower or limit the rise of the
         groundwater.

         In the project area the slopes are ranging up to 100 to 120
         feet in height and up to 400 to 500 feet in horizontal
         distance from the top of slope to the bottom. Stabilizing
         such extensive slopes is a relatively expensive project.
         Therefore, the routes along the wider strips of land or at
         the inverts or bottoms of the canyons or ravines is favored
         in terms of cost.

         The disadvantage of utilizing the wider strips of land such
         as that south of the Route "A" is that otherwise available
         building space would be used by the roadway. Also, the
         likely routes down at the west end of the finger are steep
         and will require extensive grading. A long stretch of
         relatively steep grade would be required.

         Stability Analyses:

         Stability analyses were performed at four representative
         cross sections or profiles along the south slope of the
         canyon or ravine between proposed Routes A and B. This
         slope can be assumed to be generally similar in behavior and
         characteristics to the other side of the same canyon between
         proposed Routes B and C. Further these analyses provide
         some indication of the effect of grading and drainage on the
         safety factors of other slopes in the Tech Park.

         These profiles analyzed are shown in Figure 1 in the plan.
         Additionally.analyses of altered sections were performed.
         These were the same profiles as cross sections with about 10
         feet of cut removed at the top of the slope and about       15
         feet added as fill at the toe of slope. In those altered
         cross sections the stability was re-examined using
         historically high water table information gained from
         analyzing the existing natural profiles. The effect on the
         safety factor and stability of the slope with material
         removed from the top; added to the bottom; or, with improved
         drainage near the toe of the slope has been determined       for
         the assumed conditions.

         The technique used was to assume an existing safety factor
         of 1.0 based on the apparent instability indicated by tree
         growth and surface topograhy. Using the known range of soil
         strength values the historically high water tables were
         established in the form of pore pressure ratios. Then the
         slopes were reanalyzed using the altered surface topography
         with the derived groundwater data. A further extension of








                  RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                 Page 5


                  this procedure was to analyze the same cross sections with
                  improved drainage near the toe of the slope where the water
                  table is commonly observed to come close to the ground
                  surface.

                  The soil cohesion was asumed to be 25 psf. This is
                  conservative, but in the range of the very low values found
                  to prevail for long term stability of similar local slopes.
                  The friction angle of the soil was assumed to be 24 degrees.
                  The total unit weight of the soil was assumed to be 120 pcf.

                  Results of Slope Stability Analysis:

                  1. The historically high pore pressures ratios determined
                       using the assumed soil conditions are shown below for
                       each of the four profiles analyzed. A value of ru=0.50
                       would be complete saturation of the failure mass.


                       Profile


                       1. 0.48
                       2.   0.44
                       3.   0.34
                       4.   0.26 (Note much better drainage near west end of
                                  finger of upland compated to the easterly
                                  slope)

                  2. The required safe building setbacks from the existing
                       top of slope for each of the first 3 profiles.
                       (Minimum F.S. = 1.3).

                       Profile


                       1. 60'
                       2. 601
                       3. 80'

                  3. The required safe building setbacks measured from the
                       same point (existing top of slope) after cuts and fills
                       are made at top and bottom. (F.S. = 1.3)

                       Profile


                       1.     of
                       2.   301
                       3.   301








             RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                  Page 6


             4. The same safe setback as in "3" with drains at the toe.
                 (F.S. = 1.3)
                       P,

                  Profile


                  1. -301
                  2. -301
                  3.   10,


             The relative gain in stable or buildable land in the strip
             along the top of the slope can be seen from these results.
             These results are preliminary, but will serve as a guide.

             RECOMMENDATIONS:


             Proposed Route A

             Analysis of the stability of cross sections of the slope
             along and to the north of the proposed Route A indicate that
             without any grading or alteration of the terrain that the
             safe setback distance from the top of the slope for such a
             roadway would be between 60 and 80 feet.     Using this
             setback, a 60-feet roadway, and a similar    setback required
             along the south edge of the same strip of    land, the
             remaining land for development would vary    from 0 to 200
             feet. This is a relatively narrow strip of land and limits
             the use of the area. Flattening the slope by removing
             material from the proposed alignment of Route A at the top
             of slope or by adding material at the bottom of the slope
             allows the construction of the road closer to the top of the
             slope. Improved drainage allows a further reduction in the
             required setback.

             Proposed Route B

             The problem of stability is substantially less with the
             proposed Route B along the bottom or invert of the canyon.
             The effect of filling at the bottom is stabilizing to both
             sides of the canyon. The remaining stability problem is the
             problem of any further sloughing of slope materials down to
             the roadway below. This is less difficult to deal with.

             It appears that 10 to 15 feet of fill at the bottom of the
             ravine would result in a roadway width of 60 feet depending
             on the local topography. The available roadway building
             space can be widened by increasing the depth of the fill
             placed. Sufficient width would need to be provided for
             drainage swales along each side of the roadway as well as
             space for a conduit to handle the upstream drainage run off








      RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway                  Page 7
    &  hich now passes through the canyon on the way to the Hudson
      River.

      Material for filling the proposed Route B could be obtained
      from the proposed Route A area along the top of the slope
      which would provide flattening of the slope by cutting at
      the top as well as filling at the bottom. Alternatively, it
      could be gained from other upland areas. Taking material
      from a bench cut at the top of the slope may provide for a
      second service road at the top.

      The existing average gradient of the proposed Route B is
      approximately 6 to 7% This is a relatively moderate grade
      compared to the grades which would be needed to descend .
      efficiently from elevation 150, plus or minus, to the bottom
      levels along the proposed Route A as indicated above.

      The use of Route B would accomplish erosion protection of
      the bottom of the ravine protecting the slopes on both
      sides.

      Proposed Route C

      It is our recommendation that the proposed Route C not be
      further considered at this time. The-existing Jeep trail
    G
       nd alignment of the existing sewer occupy a relatively
       arrow ridge flanked on both sides by unstable slopes with
      continuing erosion of both canyon bottoms or stream bottoms
      at the foot of each slope. With the passing of time the
      instability of these slopes will tend to narrow the width of
      the bench at the top. A recent failure just east of the
      Niagara Mohawk tower can be seen where a strip along the
      north edge of the trail dropped several feet as a result of
      a slope failure toward the north.

      Summary of Route Recommendations:

      We recommend that the proposed Route B holds the most
      promise at this stage of our investigation. The ability to
      generate a relatively gentle gradient of 6 to 7% while not
      using available building land south of the proposed Route A
      makes this route more attractive than Route A itself    *
      Development of the Route along A would require either the
      removal of some materials from the route itself or the
      placement of material along the Route B at the slope bottom
      or a combination. The only alternative would be to move
      Route A well out on the open land decreasing building space.

      The proposed Route B seems to us more practical. Detailed
      Cost studies and planning studies would be needed before a
      decision could be made.







              RPI Technology Park Connector Roadway              Page 8



              The scope of this study does not include detailed
              recommendations for construction of the proposed roadway.
              Such detailed recommendations can be developed after a
              consideration of the contents of this report and a selection
              of routes for further study by the client. At that further
              stage of investigation a program of borings and soil testing
              along with additional stability analysis would be conducted.
              This work would be used to determine the extent of grading
              and drainage work required to construct the proposed
              Connector Road.


              Additional Recommendations:

              We would like to point out that the development of a roadway
              along the proposed Route B at the bottom of the canyon would
              provide an oppportunity to arrest the continuing erosion
              along the bottom of that water course. This continuing
              erosion could eventually cause serious instabilities along
              the existing sewer alignment as well as instabilities along
              the edge of the potentially developable land south of the
              proposed Route A. A sufficiently-sized stormwater conduit
              could be constructed along Route B so that major amounts of
              stormwater from future development at the upper level could
              be safely conducted to the river.  This approach could
              control erosion of this ravine and other ravines should
              water be diverted from those other ravines. Increasing
              development will inevitably increase the amount of erosion
              in all of the parallel ravines draining the upper Tech Park.
              It may become necessary locally to stabilize the bottoms of
              some of these canyons to stabilize the slopes which rise
              from these drainage courses. The recent instability along
              Route C is a case in point.











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                 VERNON HOFFMAN PE
                 SOIL AND FOUNDATION
                 ENGINEERINGE
                 118 SOUTH FERRY STREET
                         ]SCHENECTADY NY 12305
                 5183a2-0207





      October 14, 1988






      Rensselaer Technology Park
      Att: Michael H. Wacholder, Dir.
      100 Jordan Road
      Troy, NY    12180

      Gentlemen:


      Re: The letter of August 29, 1988 from Michael Wacholder
           regarding additional recommendations desired by
           Daniel Schuster of Schuster Associates - File No. 3318


      INTRODUCTION:


      The information provided in this letter is to be regarded as
      supplementary to the recommendations included in our Report
      dated July 22, 1988.

      I refer also to the letter dated August 4, 1988 from Schuster
      Associates which was enclosed with the letter from the
      Technology Park.

      The items of additional information or recommendations desired
      were designated in the Schuster letter as follows:

      Item 5 - Design criteria: Discussion of criteria and
      techniques regarding grading, slope stabilization, erosion and
      siltation control and landscaping to assure that adverse
      impacts will not result from construction and use of the road.

      Item 6 - Typical design: Diagrams of typical roadway cross
      sections and profiles and any other typical details to
      illustrate application of the design criteria.

      Recommendations:

      Item 5 - Design Criteria:
                                                       V
                                                                 T 1988


                                                          ..F
                                                            _LAER TECI









             Rensselaer Technology Park Connector Road        Page 2 10/14/88


             At this stage of a preliminary design study, it should be
             adequate to address these matters of techniques for grading,,
             slope stabilization, erosion and siltation control as well.as
             lands 'caping in general terms as far as our geotechnical study
             is concerned.    Detailed recommendations such as percentage of
             compaction; or   the location and spacing of.silt barriers; or
             the details of   any proposed landscaping would best be done
             under a design   study. It is common practice for the site
             designer to address these matters utilizing geotechnical
             recommendations. My earlier report addressed in some detail
             the matter of slope stability in itself.

             It can be said that the soils on the site are typically varved
             silts and clays with surface topsoils and the subsoils derived
             through the weathering of the varved silt and clay deposit.
            .Locally, there are outcroppings of rock and of the underlying
             glacial till. The typical silty and clayey soils on the site
             are probably average for the general area in their suscepti-
             bility to erosion. Clay soils are more resistant to erosion
             than silty or fine sandy soils found elsewhere in the area
             which do not have the plasticity and cohesion to resist wind
             and water erosion that clays do. The vegetative cover and the
             ability of the site soils to support vegetative growth is
             good.

             Normal care during construction including      the use of hay
             bales, silt fences, and possibly sedimentation basins at the
             bottoms of slopes or swales to clean runoff water of sediment
             would be adequate. The use of mulch, erosion fabric and rip
             rap in critical areas along with timely seeding of vegetative
             cover are recommended.

             The recommended design approach of following the bottom of the
             existing ravine with the road alignment would tend to minimize
             the need to expose long slopes with the regrading of those
             slopes.

             Cut-and-fill slopes should not exceed 2.0:1.0 (horizontal/
             vertical) without special design attention regarding erosion.
             Normallyr slopes on this site need to be flatter than this for
             stability reasons.

             Roadway design and   site layout design are not among iny areas
             of specialization. However, I routinely make recommendations
             regarding pavement   thickness designs and recommendations for
             stability of slopes and similar recommendations.

             The cross section and profile of a proposed roadway aligned
             along the bottom of the ravines would not be unusual. They
             would be similar to any highway alignment descending/ascending
             in a cut section.








         Rensselaer Technology Park Connector Road   Page 3 10/14/88



         1 have enclosed a conceptual cross section of a roadway which
         is similar to other roadways within the park. It is not
         intended for detailed design and does not necessarily include
         all the required features of a final design on the site.

         If there are any questions with regard to this letter, or any
         other matter, please do not hesitate to contact me. If You
         feel that any additional roadway cross sections or profiles
         for the roadway need to be performed, I will contact a site
         designer to obtain a cost estimate for submitting such plans.

         Yours truly,
         lez@                   f2
         Vernon C. Hoffman, Jr.
         N.Y.P.E. 44363



         Enc.
         cc:. Percy Cotton, Percy B. Cotton Assoc.






   0                               APPENDIX B

                 PLANNED WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT ZONING DISTRICT


























   0











   0













                                                 Town of.North Greenbush


                                                 Shust er Associates
                                                 October 12, 1989
                                                 Revised April 23, 1990
                                                 Revised May 11, 1990
        3Z) ]E>, A


        XL JPI 97 JE C:: TI. IE X7 J1



             1:)i JE _c3 'T' ]P_ JE C: ']U



        A.   Purpose


             To encourage a mix of water dependent and enhanced uses which
             benefit from or take advantage of proximity to the river.
             Development of these uses will be subject to standards and a
             review process which provide that: (1) environmental fea-
             tures, including steep escarpments and ravines, wetlands,
             riverflats, and indigenous vegetation are protected and (2)
             opportunities for public access to the riverfront are retain-
             ed and enhanced.


        B.   District Boundary


             The district shall include all lands within the Town between
             the eastern shore of the Hudson River and the 150 foot contour
             line or a line 2,000 feet from the eastern shore, whichever
             is closest to the shoreline, as shown on the Zoning Map.


       C.    Uses


             1.   Uses Permitted by Right

                  The following uses are permitted by right upon approval
                  of site plans in accord with the standards and proced-
                  ures set forth below:


                  a.   Marinas, boat launches, docks and similar public
                       and private recreational uses.

                  b.   Facilities for the transfer of passengers between
                       water borne transportation and 'other means of
                       transportation.

                  C.   Hotels, conference centers, offices, restaurants
                       and supporting facilities.

                  d.   Cultural, educational and scientific uses.












                      e    Navigational aids and shoreline protection struc-
                           tures.


                2.    Uses Permitted Subiect to a Special Permit

                      The following uses are permitted subject to issuance of
                      a special permit by the Zoning Board of Appeals, subject
                      to the criteria set forth in F. below:


                      a.   Residential uses.


                      b.   Uses not listed in 1. above which support or are
                           deemed appropriate as part of the total site
                           development master plan.

           D.   Development Standards

                1.    No structure shall exceed 40 feet in height except that
                      structures up to 80 feet may be permitted if the dis-
                      tance from the river's edge is at least three times the
                      height of the structure and the Town official respon-
                      sible for fire prevention certifies that the Town has
                      appropriate equipment to provide adequate fire fighting
                      services for such structures.


                2.    All structures shall be set back at least 40 feet from
                      the river's edge except for those structures which are
                      associated with water dependent uses as defined in the
                      Town of North Greenbush Local waterfront Revitalization
                      Program.

                3.    Total coverage by roads, roofs tops, parking lots or
                      other impermeable surfaces shall not exceed one-third of
                      the gross site area of all lands west of the railroad
                      held in single ownership on the effective date of this
                      local law. This ratio shall be maintained regardless of
                      future subdivision of the site.


                4.    With the exception of one access road and related
                      improvements no permanent structure shall be located in
                      any area where the average grade for a distance of 50
                      feet exceeds 10%.

                5.    Parking shall be provided in accord with the following
                      standards:


                      a.   Marinas: two spaces for every three slips.

                      b.   Hotels and Conferences Centers: 1.5 spaces per room.

                      C.   Residentigl: 1.5 spaces per dwelling unit.

                      d.   Uses not listed: based on analysis of the specific
                           use and its traffic generating characteristics.












                     e     loint Use of spac-es: In the case of two or more uses
                           located on the same site, the   ' sum of the space
                           required for all uses individually may be reduced
                           to an amount no less than 125 percent of
                           the largest number of spaces required by any single-
                           use, upon a determination by the Planning Board that
                           such a reduced amount of parking space will be ade-
                           quate to serve all uses on the lot due to their dif-
                           ferent character and hours of operation.

                6.   No sign shall be visible from beyond the site with the
                     exception of one, unlighted, sign not to exceed twenty
                     square feet in area or ten feet in height.

           E.   site Planning and Design Guidelines


                Site plans for all uses shall be required in accord with the
                provisions of chapter 97A, Site Plan Review and Approval, of
                the Town Code.


                In its review of site plans, the Planning Board shall consider
                the following guidelines:

                1.   The location, design, color and materials of buildings
                     should be such as to minimize their visibility from the
                     river and the opposite shore.

                2.   Existing vegetation should be preserved-to the greatest
                     extent feasible where it provides natural screening, con-
                     tributes to wetland or wildlife resources or is a sig-
                     nificant or unusual species.      New plantings should be
                     indigenous and blend with vegetation to remain and should
                     be used to maintain the natural, informal aspect of the
                     site.


                3.   All utilities shall be placed underground to the maximum
                     extent feasible.

                4.   Lighting should be spaced, shielded and directed to
                     minimize glare and visibility from the river and the
                     opposite shore.

                5.   Marina design should consider prevailing winds and naviga-
                     tion patterns, include at least one boat launching facility
                     and utilize natural vegetation and existing waterways as
                     appropriate to minimize disturbance along the river shore.
                     Marinas shall be designed to maintain proper circulation
                     and flushing and avoid creation of "dead" areas.       Marine
                     sanitation pumpout facilities shall be provided in any
                     marina; rest rooms available to the public shall be
                     provided in any marina open to the general public.








        6.    A public walkway shall be provided from the Town Park through
              the site to the City of Rensselaer line.    Such walkway shall be
              within a 30 foot easement generally         located between the
              developed portion of the site (buildings    and parking lots) and
              the water Is edge, shall be integrated with natural features such
              as  mature   vegetation    and  wetlands,    and  shall    provide
              opportunities for views to the river and the wetlands. Walkways
              shall be screened from adjacent service areas, shall be suitably
              surfaced for pedestrian use and shall be provided with benches
              and observation points at appropriate locations.

       F.     Criteria for S7pecial Permit Uses

        in addition to the criteria set forth in ï¿½116-61, the following
        criteria shall apply to uses listed in paragraph C-2. above.

        1.    All uses permitted subject to a special permit shall comprise
              no more than 20% of the gross occupied floor area on the site
              at any time.

        2.    Any use not specifically listed as permitted by right shall only
              be allowed upon a finding that it is integrally related to other
              site uses, consistent with the purpose of this district and
              conforms to the schematic master plan for the site.

       G.     Environmental Review


        No site plan shall be approved for any uses which will result in
        cumulative development in the district exceeding 5,000 square feet
        of floor area or 25 parking spaces until the following actions have
        been  completed:

        1.    A schematic site master plan has been prepared for the entire
              site held in single ownership on the effective date of this
              local law indicating the approximate size, height and location
              of structures, systems of vehicular and pedestrian circulation
              and parking, the location and general character of open space
              and recreation facilities, and the general design and location
              of utility systems. The purpose of the schematic master plan
              is to provide a sufficient basis for evaluation of potential
              environmental effects as required in 2. below.         It is not
              intended to be a detailed design but, rather, to establish the
              basic parameters within which future detailed design and
              development will take place.

        2.    A Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) shall have been
              prepared based on the schematic site master plan and including
              at least the following elements:

              a.   An analysis of the impact on the wetlands and wildlife
                   habitats, including plans to restore and/or enhance
                   existing features, and measures to mitigate identified
                   impacts.











               b    Analysis of the visual impact of development as viewed from
                    the Hudson River and the opposite shore.

               C.   Evaluation of the impacts of site disturbance, drainage
                    patterns, erosion protection measures, and site maintenance
                    and usage on water quality in the river.

               d.   Analysis -of the impacts of road construction, drainage
                    improvements and vegetation removal on the unstable soils
                    of the steep slopes above the river and mitigation measures
                    to prevent adverse impacts.






  0                                 APPENDIX C

                      GUIDELINES FOR COORDINATING REVIEWS OF


                        PROPOSED STATE AND FEDERAL ACTIONS










               I





  0











   0









                Procedural Guidelines for Coordinating.NYS DOS & LWRP
                    Consistency Review of Federal Agency Actions

       DIRECT  ACTIONS

       1.      After acknowledging the receipt of a consistency determination
               and supporting documentation from a federal agency, DOS will
               forward copies of the determination and other descriptive
               information on the proposed action to the program coordinator
               (of an approved LWRP) and other interested parties.

       2.      This notification will indicate the date by which all comments
               and recommendations must be submitted to DOS and will identify
               the Department's principal reviewer for the proposed action.

       3.      The review period will be about twenty-five (25) days.        if
               comments and recommendations are not received by the date
               indicated in the notification, DOS will Presume that the
               municipality has "no opinion" on the consistency of the proposed
               direct federal agency action with local coastal policies.

       4.      if DOS does not fully concur with and/or has any questions on
               the comments and recommendations submitted by the municipa-
               lity, DOS will contact the municipality to discuss any
               differences of opinion or questions Prior to agreeing or
               disagreeing with the federal agency's consistency 'determination
               on the proposed direct action.

       5.      A copy of DOS' "agreement" or "disagreement" letter to the
               federal agency will be forwarded to the local program
               coordinator.


       PERMIT  AND LICENSE ACTIONS


       1.      DOS will acknowledge the receipts of an applicant's consistency
               certification and application materials. At that time, DOS will
               forward a copy of the submitted documentation to the program
               coordinator and will identify the Department's principal
               reviewer for the proposed action.

       2.      Within thirty (30) days of receiving such information, the
               program coordinator will contact the principal reviewer for DOS
               to discuss: (a) the need to request additional information for
               review purposes; and (b) any possible problems pertaining to the
               consistency of a proposed action with local coastal policies.

       3.      When DOS and the program coordinator agree that additional
               information is necessary, DOT will request the applicant to
               provide the information.   A copy of this information will be
               provided to the program coordinator upon receipt.

       4.      Within thirty (30) days of receiving the requested additional
               information or discussing possible problems of a proposed action
               with the principal reviewer for DOS, whichever is later, the











               program coordinator will notify DOS of the reasons why a
               proposed action may be inconsistent or consistent with local
               coastal policies.

        5.     After that notification, the program coordinator will submit
               the municipality's written comments and recommendation on a
               proposed permit action to DOS before or at the conclusion of
               the official public comment period.       If such comments and
               recommendations are not forwarded to DOS by the end of the
               public comment period, DOS will Presume that the municipality
               has "no opinion" Prior to issuing a letter of   "concurrence" or
               "objection" letter to the applicant will be     forwarded to the
               program coordinator.

        6.     If DOS does not fully concur with and/or has    any questions on
               the comments and recommendations submitted by   the municipality
               on a proposed permit action, DOS will contact the program
               coordinator to discuss any differences of opinion Prior to
               issuing a letter of "concurrence" or "objection" letter to the
               applicant will be forwarded to the program coordinator.

        7.     A copy of DOS' "concurrence" or "objective" letter to the
               applicant will be forwarded to the program coordinator.

        FINANCIAL ASSISTANCg ACTIONS

        1.     Upon receiving notification of a proposed federal financial
               assistance action, DOS will request information on the action
               from the applicant for consistency review purposes.            As
               appropriate, DOS will also request the applicant to provide a
               copy of the application        documentation to the program
               coordinator.   A copy of this letter will be forwarded to the
               coordinator and will serve as notification that the proposed
               action may be subject to a review.

        2.     D08 will acknowledge the receipt of the requested information
               and provide a copy of this acknowledgement to the program
               coordinator. DOS may, at this time, request the applicant to
               submit additional information for review purposes.

        3.     The review period will conclude thirty (30) days after the date
               on.DOS' letter of ackno@iledgement or the receipt of requested
               additional information, whichever is later. The review period
               may be extended for major financial assistance actions.

        4.     The program coordinator must submit the municipality's comments
               and recommendations on the proposed action to DOS within twenty
               days (or other time agreed to by DOS and the program
               coordinator) form the start of the review period received within
               this period, DOS will Presume that the municipality has "no
               opinion" on the consistency of the proposed financial assistance
               action with local coastal policies.










         5.     If DOS does not fully concur with and/or has any questions on
                the comments and recommendations submitted by the municipa-
                lity, DOS will contact the program coordinator to discuss any
                differences of opinion or questions prior to notifying the
                applicant of DOS' consistency decision.

         6.     A copy of DOS' consistency decision letter to the applicant will
                be forwarded to the program coordinator.













                          NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
                               COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM


           Guidelines for Notification and Review of State Agency Actions
            Where Local Waterfront Revitalization Programs are in Effect

               PURPOSES Of GUIDELINfiS

          A.   The Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act (Article
               42 of the Executive Law) and the Department of State's
               regulations (19 NYCRR Part 600) require certain state agency
               actions identified by the Secretary of State to be consistent
               to the maximum extent practicable with the policies and purposes
               of approved Local Waterfront Revitalization Programs (LWRPs).
               These guidelines are intended to assist state agencies in
               meeting that statutory consistency obligation.

          B@   The Act also requires that state agencies provide timely notice
               to the situs local government whenever an identified action will
               occur within an area covered by an approved LWRP.              These
               guidelines   describe    a -process   for   complying   with    this
               notification requirement.       They also provide procedures to
               assist   local. governments     in  carrying   out   their    review
               responsibilities in a timely    manner.

          C.   The Secretary of the State is   required by the Act to confer with
               state agencies and local governments when notified by a local
               government that aproposed -state agency action may conf 1 ict with
               the policies and purposes of its approved LWRP.                These
               guidelines establish a procedure for resolving such conflicts.

        Ii.    DEFINITIONS


          A.   Action means/.


               1.   A ItType 1.11 or "Unlisted" action as defined by the State
                    Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQR);

               2.   occurring within the boundaries of an approved LWRP; and

               3.   Being taken pursua  nt to a state agency program or activity
                    which has been identified /by the Secretary of State as
                    likely to affect the policies and purposes of the LWRP.

          B.   Consistent to the maximum extent practicable means that an
               action will not substantially hinder the achievement of any of
               the policies and purposes of an approved LWRP and, whenever
               practicable, will advance one or more of such policies. If an.
               action will substantially hinder any of,the policies or purposes
               of an approved LWRP, then the action must be one:

               1.   For which no reasonable alternatives exist that would avoid
                    or overcome any substantial hindrance;












              purposes of its approved LWRP, it should inform the state agency
              in writing of its finding.          upon receipt of the local
              government's finding, the state agency may proceed with its
              consideration of the proposed action in accordance with 19 NYCRR
              Part 600.


         C.   If the situs local government does not notify the state agency
              in writing of its finding within the established review period,
              the state agency may then presume that the proposed action does
              not conflict with the policies and purposes of the munici-
              pality's approved LWRP.

        D.    If the situs local government notifies the state agency in
              writing that the proposed action does conflict with the policies
              and/or purposes of its approved LWRP, the state agency shall not
              proceed with its consideration of, or decision on, the proposed
              action as long as the Resolution of Conflicts procedure estab-
              lished in V below shall apply.       The local government shall
              forward a copy of the identified conflicts to the Secretary of
              State at the time when the state agency is notified.              In
              notifying the state agency, the local government shall identify
              the specific policies and purposes of the LWRP with which the
              proposed action conflicts.


      V.      RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS


        A.    The following procedure applies whenever a local government has
              notified the Secretary of State and state agency that a proposed
              action conflicts with the policies and purposes of its approved
              LWRP.


              1.   Upon receipt of notification from a local government that
                   a proposed action conflicts with -its approved LWRP, the
                   state agency should contact the local LWRP official to
                   discuss the content of the identified conflicts and the
                   means for resolving them. A meeting of state agency and
                   local government representatives my be necessary to discuss
                   and resolve the identified conflicts.        This discussion
                   should take place within 30 days of the receipt of a
                   conflict notification from the local government.

              2.   If the discussion between the situs local government and
                   the state agency results in the resolution of              the
                   identified conflicts, then, within seven days of           the
                   discussion, the situs local government shall notify        the
                   state agency in writing, with a copy forwarded to          the
                   Secretary of State, that all of the identified conflicts
                   have been resolved. The state agency can then proceed with
                   its consideration of the proposed action in accordance with
                   19 NYCRR Part 600.


                   If the consultation between the situs local government and
                   the state agency does not lead to the resolution of the
                   ident-if ied conflicts, either party may request, in writing,












                     the assistance of the Secretary of State to resolve any or
                     all of the identified conflicts.       This request must be
                     received by the Secretary within 15 days following the
                     discussion between the situs local government and the state
                     agency.    The party requesting the assistance of the
                     Secretary of State shall forward a copy of their request
                     to the other party.

                4.   Within 30 days following the receipt of a request for
                     assistance, the Secretary or a Department of State official
                     or employee designated by the Secretary, will discuss the
                     identified conflicts and circumstances preventing their
                     resolution with appropriate representatives from the state
                     agency and situs local government.

                5.   If agreement among all parties cannot be reached during
                     this discussion, the Secretary shall, within 15 days,
                     notify    both    parties    of    his/her    findings      and
                     recommendations.


                6.   The stage agency shall not proceed with its consideration
                     of, or decision on, the proposed action as long as the
                     foregoing Resolution of Conflicts procedures shall apply.































































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