[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
























                             The City of Biddeford, Maine
                             Comprehensive Waterfront Plan



                 HT
                  168
                 N2
                 C"
                 !991
                                                                                                               September 1991





 
                   
 
                     
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
                          purpose
 
 
 












                   ... like many Maine coastal communities,
                   the City of Biddeford faces the challenge
                   to manage the future of its habor and"
                   waterfront resources. This study is
                   conducted in response to the need to
                   conserve, enjoy, and utilize these
                   resources in a responsible way. Our intent
                   is to satisfy this need for present and
                   future generations who value these
                   resources. The City of Biddeford has
                   directed this plan in response to that
                   need...















                                The City of Biddeford:

                                Harbor and Waterfront Plan Committee

                                    Chairman: Clint Marshall

                                    Robert Dodge                         Ben Chretien

                                    Mark Simoneau                        Marshall Alexander

                                    Gary Plamondon                       Donald Simard


                                Plan Consultant


                                SEBAGO TEC11NICS, INC.                             SCOTT R. BROWN
                                Prime Consultant                                       Natural Resource
                                Wiffiam T. Conway                                   Planning Consultant

                                'DESIGN SERVICE, INC.             COMMUNITY DYNAMICS CORP.
                                Marine Consultant                        Inteflocal Consulting Specialist
                                Robert E. Ware                                   Sen. John J. Cleveland

                                * Sketches by Scott R. l3rown; Photos by William T. Conway
                                The Maine Coastal Program

                                "Financial assistance for preparation of this        document was
                                provided by a grant from MAINE'S COASTAL
                                PROGRAM, through funding provided by the Coastal Zone
                                Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the
                                Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,
                                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under
                                award #NA90AA-D-CZ52 1.


                                                                    US De---krtment of Commerce
                                                                          C(,astal Services Center Library
                                                                    223A- South Hobzon Avenue
                                                                    Charleston, SC 29405-2413













                       the committee wishes to acknowledge the

                       following individuals and organizations in

                       response to their interest and contributions       to

                       this plan...


                       The residents of Biddeford and Saco

                       Mayor Bonita Belanger and the Biddeford City Council

                       Members of the Biddeford Planning Board

                       Members of the Biddeford Harbor Commission

                       Biddeford High School

                       Biddeford Pool Community Club

                       Biddeford Pool Volunteer Fire Department

                       Tamara Risser, Maine Department of Community
                                       & Economic Development

                       The Maine Department of Transportation

                       The Maine Department of Conservation

                       The Maine Historic Preservation Commission

                       The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Division

                       The Friends of Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge












                                   content



                                   EXECUTIVE SUMMARY                     .......................                         Section i

                                   PROCESS         .................................                                     Section ii

                                   e facilitate public participation 9 examine waterfront zones
                                   0 identify the study area               * analysis and policy development

                                   0 determine waterfront zones            * plan implementation strategy
                                   PLANNING ZONE ONE                    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        Section I
                                   PLANNING ZONE TWO                      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      Section 2

                                   PLANNING ZONE THREE                     .....................                         Section 3

                                   PLANNING ZONE FOUR                      .....................                         Section 4

                                   PLANNING ZONE FIVE                    ......................                          Section 5

                                   IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY                           ................                    Section 6

                                   * implementation context                e recommendations summary


                                   APPENDICES            ..............................

                                         e technical and financial                 o planning grant application
                                             assistance

                                         *   interlocal ordinance                  0 literature cited





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 i-1
               executive summary 
 
 
 




                    Executive Summary

                    INTRODUCTION

                    The City of Biddeford is fortunate in that its
                    waterfront area is comprised of a series of
                    diverse physical and cultural regions.
                    Biddeford residents have the opportunity to
                    access and en oy the freshwater and tidal
                    sections of the River, as well as the coastal
                    areas of the Atlantic Ocean. Cultural settings
                    include rural farmland, urban neigborhoods,
                    and seasonal coastal villages.

                    Within the past decade, these areas have
                    witnessed signficant growth and development,
                    as well as increased demand for access and
                    recreation to water resources. While this
                    activity affects the character and image of the
                    City, a delicate balance is sought between the
                    fostering of economic vitality and the
                    protection of Biddeford's scenic and cultural
                    resources.


                    This plan is developed in response to
                    waterfront planning policies set forth by State
                    planning agencies and by the City's
                    Comprehensive Plan, completed in 1989.
                    The focus of the plan is placed upon the
                    importance of shoreline and water resource
                    management which retains the integrity of
                    natural resources and the City's historic
                    marine orientation.                                 i-2





                    In order to address the diversity of issues facing
                    waterfront areas, the recommendations contained in the
                    plan are organized by the identified sub-regions of the
                    City. It is important to recognize that these
                    recommendations are long-range goals for the City to
                    implement over time. - However, it is equally important
                    that these needs are identified at this point in time, such
                    that implementation can be phased in accordance with
                    the resources available to the City.
                    The implementation strategy is comprised of a series of
                    recommendations which are based upon the analysis and
                    policy development section of this plan. The overall
                    strategy is multifaceted as it involes the participation of
                    private landowners and land developers, as well as the
                    City itself. Furthermore, the strategy provides a
                    framework for short-term redevelopment activity, as
                    well as long-term control over waterfront and harbor
                    utilization. Finally, it is important to recognize the
                    context in which this plan has been developed.
                    The primary components of the plan are identified as
                    follows:

                    REGIONAL and INTERLOCAL COORDINATION

                    The City of Biddeford is but one community situated
                    within the watershed of the Saco River and adjacent to
                    the southern region of Maine's coastline. Accordingly,
                    political boundaries have been temporarily erased in
                    order to conduct this study.
                    Future land use and water use planning coordination
                    begins with looking at these resources on a regional and
                    inter-local basis. The plan contains specific
                    recommendations for a joint river commission,
                    including participation of members from Biddeford and
                    Saco. Under this structure, these two cities begin the
            i-3     process of future management of the river corridor.













          FUTURE LAND USE MANAGEMENT

          Historically, settlement patterns and development
          activity in the City has been focused upon waterfront
          and harbor areas. Dating back to pre-colonial times,
          the Saco River shoreline was host to significant native
          American activity. Biddeford Pool developed as a
          fishing community and later developed as a vacation
          resort community. In the present downtown Biddeford,
          mill development and shipping activity dominated the
          waterfront areas.

          These historical development patterns    are evident
          today, as the majority of waterfront areas are presently
          developed. The plan, therefore, addresses future
          "infill" development areas and the remaining natural
          resource base. Through inventory and analysis of
          existing conditions, future land use areas have been
          identified in the following categories:

          ï¿½   DEvELoPEDAREAs - The plan documents the location,
              extent and nature of land use ocurring within existing
              developed areas.

          ï¿½   NoTE= AREAs - Based upon the incidence of sensitive
              natural resources, such as wetlands and floodplain areas,
              the plan identifies those areas which are protected from
              future development by Federal, State and local regulations.

          ï¿½   DEvEwPABLEAREAs - These areas represent the remaining
              natural areas suitable for future development. Identification
              of these areas allows the City of Biddeford to project where
              future development will occur and, in so doing, to plan for
              minimizing the impacts of future growth.                     i-4















                       ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

                       This plan contains recommendations geared to promote
                       economic development within waterfront areas. While
                       market forces dictate the rate in which economic
                       progress will occur, the City has many opportunities to
                       prepare for this process.

                       Specific objectives pertaining to economic development
                       within waterfront areas include the following:


                       0   Concentration of economic growth within downtown areas,'
                           in association with City efforts to "recapture its waterfront"-
                           and the provision of waterfront access and parks to stimulate
                           this activity.

                       0   Maintain navigability and implement infrastructure
                           improvements within the Saco River to promote the
                           continuation of commercial activities dependent upon this
                           waterway.

                           Provide perpetual access to ocean waters and plan for the
                           future needs of the commercial fishing industry within
                           Biddeford.

                           Encourage tourism while conserving natural resources and
                           the character of existing coastal residential areas. Promote
                           the concept and implementation of "eco-tourism" in
                           coordination with the provision of environmental education
              i-5          facilities.







                       EDUCATION

                       Future management of harbor and waterfront
                       resources can be greatly enhanced through
                       achieving an understanding of what defines these
                       resources and what they mean to the community.
                       This understanding begins with the process of
                       education. Education can take many forms; for
                       example, education of children through school
                       programs, activities organized by the City, and by
                       the installation of interpretive signage and other
                       interpretive features within the waterfront area.
                       Identified objectives for this comprehensive
                       education program include the following:

                       ï¿½    Natural Resources

                            ï¿½ Upland environments
                            ï¿½ River environments
                            ï¿½ Coastal environments

                       ï¿½    Water Resources

                            ï¿½ Water supply systems
                            ï¿½ Impoundment and hydroelectricity
                            ï¿½ Sewerage treatment systems

                       ï¿½    Cultural Resources

                            0 Historic sites
                            o Present facili ties important to the
                              community
                       ï¿½    Navigation and Boating Safety

                            ï¿½ Saco River navigation
                            ï¿½ Boating safety and regulations


                       Linkage between these facilities is crucial to
                       gaining an understanding of the harbor and
                       waterfront as a whole. Only by experiencing
                       these ranges of conditions may one develop a total
                       understanding of these resources and their
                       importance to the community and to the region.              i-6





                                 WATERFRONT FACILITIES
                                 Waterfront facilities provide access to the waterfront and support a
                                 variety of uses. The plan has identified specific sites, both existing and
                                 proposed, which comprise the framework for future utilization of the
                                 waterfront. A summary of these facilities includes their location,
                                 function, and ownership status:
                                       NAMEOF                     PLANNING NATURE                   EXISTING           OWNER-
                                       FACILITY                      ZONE           OF USE          PROPOSED SHIP
                                 1.    Upper river canoe                 I        Recreation         Proposed          city
                                       launch facility                            Education
                                 2.    Biddeford-Saco                    2        Education          Existing          Private
                                       Water Company
                                 3.    Rotary Park                       2        Recreation         Existing          city
                                                                                  Education
                                 4.    Diamond International             2        Recreation         Proposed          city
                                       site                                       Economic
                                                                                  Development
                                 5.    W;tter Street                     2           on mic         Proposed           City/
                                       Mixed Use Site                                ve ment                           Private
                                                                                  Re rea. on
                                                                                  Ed       on
                                 6.    Treatment Plant                   2        Recrea@ion        Existing           City
                                                                                  Education
                                 7.    Rumery's                          2        Econ9mic          Existing           Private
                                                                                  Development
                                                                                  Recreation
                                 8.    St. Andres Site                   3        Recreation        Proposed           City
                                                                                  Education
                                 9.    Historic Meeting House.           3        Educaaon          Existing           City
                                                                                  Histonc
                                 10.   State Boat Ramp                   3        Recreation        Existing           State/
                                                                                  Education                            city
                                 11.   UNF,           aqility            3        Econqnuc          Proposed           Citv/
                                         unij@@k@XFaqili /
                                       M             arina                           ve       ent                      UNE
                                                                                  L'e cr 'OR omn
                                                                                  Re ea
                                 12.   Hills Be
                                               ,ach                      4        Recrea@ion        Existing           City
                                       Swimming Area                              Education
                                 13.   Mile Stretch Beach                4        Recreap*on        Existing           City
                                                                                  Education
                                 14.   Fortunes Rocks Beach              4        Recreation        Existing           City
                                                                                  Education
                                 15.   Biddeford Pool Beach              4        Recreation        Existing           City
                                                                                  Education
                                 16.   Biddeford Pool                    4        Econ9mic          Proposed           City
                                       Corntnercial Fishing                       Development
                                       Facility
                                 17.   Biddeford Pool                    4        Econ9mic          Proposed           City
                                       Mini-Park                                  Development
                                                                                  Recreation
                                 18.   Biddeford Pool                    4        Recreation        Existing           Private
                                       Yacht Club
                                 19.   East Point                        4        Recreation        Existing           Private
                    i-7                Sanctuary                                  Education





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      ii-1                  process
 
 
 





          process: A Sequential Planning Approach
          This section of the plan describes the approach taken by the Committee and the
          Consultants during the course of preparing this plan.

                    Facilitate Public Participation

                     0 Utilize local media sources
                     E Hold neighborhood meetings
                     a Organize public participation
          2.        Identify the Study Area

                                                                                   ............
                     ï¿½ Include portions of Saco
                     ï¿½ Identify limit of waterfront influence


                    Determine Waterfront Zones

                     ï¿½ Identify sub-regions within study area
                     ï¿½ Consider physical aspects and character


          4.        Examine Waterfront Zones

                     ï¿½ Identify detailed patterns
                        of existing conditions

                     ï¿½ Issue identification                                           XIX

                    Analysis and Policy Development

                     0 Regional Issues
                     0 Study Area Issues
                     n Specific Concerns within Waterfront Zones


                    Plan Implementation Strategy                                   10101 i h
                     ï¿½ Interlocal Management                                       1  1011
                     ï¿½ Implementation Strategies
                     ï¿½ Technical and Financial Assistance


                                                                                       X:X.
         ii-2








                        process:


                                   Facilitate Public Participation

                                             Utilization of local media sources has provided
                                             the general public with an understanding of the
                                             purpose of the plan, as well as proposed
                                             recommendations. Local newspapers were
                                             contacted to carry feature articles and notification
                                             of public meetings.



                                             Neighborhood meetings were held within specific
                                             areas of the waterfront. Comments were provided
                                             at these meetings which have affected
                                             recommendations contained within the plan.


                                             Public participation was further organized by
                                             contacting numerous public and private interest
                                             groups in order to obtain their interest in the plan.

                      -Waterfront plan
                        proves popular

                        By MICHELE VALWAY
                        Staff Writer

                                             A downtown park
                          BIDDEFORD
                        and a commercial fishing wharf at
                        Biddeford Pool generated the most
                        support at a public hearing on water
                                                                                               F,
                        front uses Thursday.
                          Residents embraced the wat":
                        front consultants' recommendation
                        to retain open space and promote a
                        maritime tourist center at the Sac
                                                              0
                        River's edge on Water Street.
                          "I love the plan - no           con-
                        dominiums." Andy Frechette, of
                                                                                                 q
                        Biddeford Pool, said. "There's so
                        little land on the river, it should be
                        developed into a beautiful park.
                                                                         7
                        Keep the site open."
                          Few in the audience of 53 spoke in
                        favor of developing the Water Street
                        site according to an existing 10-year-
                        old plan, which the consultants'
                        recommendation contradicts. That
                        master plan is for mixedd uses
                        retail shops, condominiums, a                                                                                                                                       fi-3
                        marim and public access.                                                                                                            CAM 0. WAL9161SION PhMWWW







          process:

          2. The Study Area

                 The political boundaries             The study area may be
                 between Biddeford and Saco           described as all continuous
                 have been temporarily erased in      lands between the Saco River
                 order to properly conduct this       or Atlantic Ocean and a
                 study.                               continuous, definable "edge".
                                                      As illustrated, historic travel
                                                      routes and downtown districts
                                                      combine to define the study
                                                      area.


                               Boom Road
                                                         Limit of Study Area
                         Hollis Road

                                                             Downtown Saco
          South  110                                             Ferry Road
          Street


          Downtown
          Biddeford

                                                           Ca
                                                               P




                                              Route 9
                 Future land use and water
                 use planning coordination
                                                                         lit
                 begins with looldng at the
                 Saco River as a shared
                 resource, rather than a
                 political boundary. Atlantic
                 coastal area planning is
                 focused solely within
                 Biddeford.
          H-4







             process:

             3. waterfront Planning Zones
                     The analysis process begins with              There are no physical or social
                     the identification of distinct                "lines' between these zones;
                     sub-regions within the study                  therefore, we recognize that
                     area, which are referred to as                there is an overlap and-
                     Oplanning zones.'                             transition area between each
                                                                   sub-region.


                                                                   VVIAle these planning zones
                                                                   comprise the total waterfront,
                                                                   each zone contains its

                                       ..XX
                                                                   individual physical and social
                                                                   character, and exhibits a
                                                                   special series of opportunities
                          .. ... . ......
                                                                   and constraints.

                                                      . . . . . . . . ....








                           I:X






                                                     X.X.....,.. .... pg:







                                                                                   V

               Waterfront Planning Zones:
                                                                                           QM.@@

                                                                                      .............
                     The Rural Riverscape                       . .....              ......
               2. The Urban Riverscape
               3. The Active Riverscape
                                                                           IK.
                                                                 ...........
               4. Biddeford Pool

               5. The Southern Coast                                                           fi-5






            process:

            4. Define Planning Units

                 ï¿½ Each waterfront planning zone is                 Through Inventory and
                   comprised of a number of                         Analysis, these differing
                   different landscape types, water                 conditions will be identified and
                   characteristics, and shoreline                   established as "Planning units."
                   edge conditions.

                 ï¿½ For example, Biddeford Pool                      Planning units, and their inter-
                   contains the Audubon                             relationships, define the visual
                   Sanctuary, seasonal residential                  character of Biddeford's
                   subdivisions, and an historic                    waterfront. This level of under-
                   fishing village. Water                           standing has allowed the
                   characteristics include                          Waterfront Committee to focus
                   freshwater ponds, a sheltered                    on specific areas and
                   harbor, and exposed open                         responsibly decide the future
                   water. Shoreline conditions                      character of the waterfront
                   range from rocky cliffs to ∧                  region.
                   beaches.












                                                              ...                                   Xx

                                                       4444:-
                              0


               I .. ... ........
                                                                                                 .. ....... .


                                                                                                  ............

                                                        fill
                                                                                 MEMOS



              . . . . . . .---- ......
                 ................
                 .................
               . ............... ......
                         X.
                 . . ...........

               .................
          Rel#f, 0)-1.A#;:*!1
                         X:


                          .X.
                                            Ink
                                              01:21






                                                                                                    X
              TTF1

                fi-6






                process:


               5. Issue Resolution
                      N   Through public participation and                             The process of understanding
                          the involvement of numerous                                  the whole by understanding its
                          interest groups, the Waterfront                              parts will provide the ability to
                          Committee has developed a                                    focus efficiently on the
                          number of issues which require                               issues at hand. For example,
                          resolution.                                                  resolution of future moorings
                                                                                       may be important at Biddeford
                                                                                       Pool but not within the
                                                                                       downtown waterfront area.

                      0 Organize a structure and                                       Once the focus of each issue is
                          process to allow the Committee                               understood, collective
                          to address these issues at                                   knowledge of existing
                          regional, local and                                          conditions will allow us to
                          neighborhood levels.                                         properly answer any question.








                                                                                                                              E
                                                                   C
                                                                                                  X
                                                                                                                C
                                                                                                  X
                                                                                                             2.2
                                                 E
                                                                   CL
                                                                         C
                                              E
                                                                   .2
                                                                       r
                                                                                                                      71
                                                    E I  .  U 2    6   '. @: 2                                                   U
                                          it U   W -  W <   LIJ                          U0 ;N 8                         U,
                       The Study Area      09         00          0    0    0     0    0010             0    0      0    0    0
                    1. Rural Riverscape    9     0    *     0          0    0          0          10                0    0    0
                    2. Urban Riverscape    0     0    0     0     0         0          0          0                 0    0    0
                    3. Active Riverscape   0     010        0.                                00        0.0.0            010,
                    4. Biddeford Pool            00         0                     0          0    0     0010             00
                        Southern Coast           00                               0               0     000              00

                                                                                                                              H-7






           process:
           6. Plan Implementation                                 Formulation of policy and
                   With the issues understood;                    implementation measures is
                   policy decisions are made which                based on three primary
                   are responsive to specific areas               criteria:
                   and are unified by an overall
                   picture of the Future                          1. CAPABILITY - Is the land
                   Biddeford Waterfront.                             or water resource capable of
                                                                     supporting the proposed
                                                                     recommendation?

                                                                  2. SUITABILITY - Is the
                                                                     proposed recommendation
                                                                     suitable within the context of
                                                                     existing physical and social
                                                                     conditions?

                                                                  3. FEASIBILITY - Is the
                                                                     proposed recommendation
                                                                     feasible in terms of
                                                                     regulatory guidelines and
                                                                     rules?









                                                                                    Oo C47
               The implementation "tool Idt"
               includes the following
               products:
                                                                                                >
               ï¿½ Future Land Use plan

               ï¿½ Zoning Amendments

               ï¿½ Biddeford-Saco Commission

               ï¿½ Specific Future Projects

           ii-8
























                                                                                  OR,




                                                            >



                                                                  Hi"frofti-Sacco                                                                                                                                     X,
                                                    0    0        ctwnmission                                                                                                                                     . . . . . . . .
                                                                  Envirritimenial
                                             0      010           Impact
                                                         4p       Future PuNic
                                                                  Access
                                             0                    E--,c
                                                                  Vitality __
                                                         t-N      Lkban Waterfront
                                                                  Development
                                                    9    0        lbrnpike
                                                                  Mderving-
                                             00          0        Rte I Bypass
                                        0         1     101       Tidal Influence
                                                                  Mter Level
                                             0 fe 10 1            C..".1 (M..)
                                                                  Vessel Septage
                                        0               101       Dispinal
                          0      0-0         00101                Wildlife Habitat
                          0      00                     10        Madvic Habitat
                                                                  Future Mmring
                          0      00                     10        Allixotion
                                                    99            Future
                                                                  Land   Lse
                                                                  cultural "efitage
                          0      0 10        0      0             Waterfront Image
                                                                  & Character







                          Planning Zone One
                          WATERFRONT UND USE

                          The Rural Riverwape

                          This section of the waterfront along the Saco
                          River is dominated by agricultural fields and
                          wooded natural areas. Historically, residential
                          homes were established along the primary travel
                          routes known as South Street and River Road.




                                                     FDIC







                                                       V11



                                         jI


                          Local infrastructure and zoning support the
                          existing land use pattern.  South Street and River
                          Road are local roads and do not experience
                          significant traffic volumes. There is no public
                          water nor sewer services, and septage disposal is
                          based upon soil suitability criteria. Zoning in
                          this area is "Rural Farm"        which restricts
                          permitted uses to those which are compatible with
                          existing uses.

                          Over time, however, additional infill residential
                          development has consumed frontage along these
                          roads, thereby decreasing the rural experience
                          when traveling through the area. More recently,
                          planned residential subdivisions have been built
                          between these travel corridors and the Saco River.
                          In this process, agricultural areas are removed
                          and existing vegetation cleared to make way. f or
                          new homes. In so doing, a pattern of "rural strip
                          development" is emerging along South Street and
                          River Road. This activity threatens the natural
                          character currently present within the river
                          corridor.















         Planning Zone One
         NATLR4L RESOURCES

         Landforin

         Topographic conditions within this section of the
         study area are best described as a series of
         rounded hills which are separated by stream
         tributaries which drain to the Saco River. These
         conditions are similar on the Saco side across the
         river.   Elevation here ranges from 50 feet to 100
         feet above sea level, containing some of the
         highest terrain within the City of Biddeford.
         Along the river itself, the degree of topographic
         enclose varies significantly, from terrain which
         is steeply sloping to the rivers edge to wide,
         level areas containing floodplain and wetland
         conditions.



              ( -1,   - @ j , -  7-     -- I        __@ '
                        V


















                            %r
               A.0



                   The Topography of the Rural Riverscape            1-2








                         Riparian Habitat

                         "Riparian habitats are areas where land and water
                         come together.     These. areas support a greater
                         diversity of wildlife than nearly all other
                         habitats.

                         In Maine, riparian areas are often associated with
                         deer wintering areas and are primarily habitat for
                         fur bearers. Riparian habitats are often used as
                         travel corridors between forested areas.
                         Development can cut off animals from winter or
                         summer ranges if travel corridors are not
                         maintained. Riparian areas also serve as natural
                         water filtration systems and maintain suitable
                         water temperatures for aquatic life."'











                                                  W.






                                     Swan Pond Brook riparian habitat
                                         is important to %ildlife.


                         Within this planning zone, numerous riparian
                         habitat areas exist and are associated with
                         drainage or stream tributaries which feed the Saco
                         River. The Maine Department of Inland FIsheries
                         and Wildlife (IFW) rates the importance of
                         riparian habitats within       Maine.     IFW has
                         identified Swan Pond Brook as  having a high value
                         rating-.  While other unnamed drainage or stream
                         tributaries were not rated by  IFW, these riparian
                         habitats represent a significant contribution to
           1-3           the overall Saco River watershed resource.










          Planning Zone One
          WET"S AND FLOODPMS


          "The city of Biddeford has an abundance of coastal
          and freshwater wetlands. They provide habitat for
          many plants and animals, including fish,
          waterfowl, shellfish and many species'at the base
          of the food chain.    Wetlands can also serve as
          water purifiers, ground water recharge areas    and
          water storage areas that reduce flooding by
          absorbing and dispersing excess rainfall-to,




                         A&-








                                       ?4' rz;*









          "Flooding is a major hazard for many coastal areas
          as well as areas located along rivers, streams and
          ponds within the City.       The National Flood
          Insurance Program has been designated to provide
          flood insurance and discourage development within
          the 100-year floodplain (the area where there is
          at least a 1% chance of a flood occurring within
          any given year). Floodplains are narrow in some
          areas due to the presence of steep slopes.       In
          other areas they are quite wide due to relatively
          low banks and broad, flat adjacent areas. Flood
          plains are often the widest where one stream or
          river converges with another body of water."'                1-4





































                          Within the study area, most of the wetlands in
                          this planning zone are concentrated along the edge
                          of the river due to the topography which confines
                          the river channel.     All wetlands are freshwater
                          wetlands and are most often associated with
                          100-year f loodplains.     The Maine Department of
                          Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (IFW) has rated all
                          wetlands associated with the Saco River as-"high
                          value" wetlands (1989 data) 2.   IFW defines a high
                          value wetland based upon the following
                          characteristics:

                                   High value as feeding, nesting or cover
                                   habitat for waterfowl.
                                9 Heavy use by ducks and/or geese.
                                . All coastal salt marshes.

                          Floodplain conditions along the upper Saco River
                          are quite varied.       On the Saco side, steep
                          topography confines the 100-year floodplain to a
                          narrow, linear area at the edge of the river. On
                          the Biddeford side, . floodplains are more
                          extensive, and are prevalent in association with
            1-5           Swan Pond Brook and-other river tributaries.




















          Planning Zone One
          I"LDUFE HUITAT

          Both the Saco River and Swan Pond Brook have been
          rated as "high value"-fisheries resources by IFW
          (1989 data). IFW defines a high value fishery as
          having the following characteristics:

                  Highly suitable habitat to support game
                  fish.
                  Contains fish species which are highly
                  -sensitive to changes in physical features,
                  water quality, or temperature.
                  Contains fish species which are rare
                  within study area.
                  Has a quality fishery in high demand.
                  Habitat area of greater than 10 acres
                  occurring within main stem of the stream.
                  High economic importance.

          In addition to fisheries resources, the upper Saco
          River provides significant wildlife habitat for
          many species.

          Existing Federal, State and local regulatory laws
          fall short of protecting important wildlife
          habitats.  To some extent, this has beendue to
          the lack of information on the location,
          characteristics and sensitivities of these areas
          as wildlife habitat.

          "Proper management of wildlife habitat assures
          that wildlife resources will survive and flourish.
          Wildlife is important for recreational enjoyment,
          including bird watching, sport fishing, hunting,
          trapping, and photography, as well as for
          maintaining species diversity and abundance.111               1-6














                          CULTURAL RESOURCES

                          There are no known buildings of architectural
                          significance nor public cultural sites within
                          Planning Zone One. As a rural area, however, the
                          older farm homesteads and agricultural fields
                          represent a cultural resource for the City of
                          Biddeford.

                          In addition, it is likely that the area contains
                          significant archaeological resources. According
                          to the Maine Historic Preservation Commission
                          (MHPC) , the river banks and floodplain of the
                          Upland Saco River zone are sensitive for
                          prehistoric archaeological sites.

                          The Biddeford and Saco Water Company facilities
                          are located on South Street below the confluence
                          of Swan Pond Brook and the river.            These
                          facilities, first established in the early 1800's,
                          have great potential as a cultural resource.
                          Although these facilities provide a crucial
                          resource to residents of Biddeford, little is
                          known about the facility and its operational
                          characteristics.







                                v






                                 . ..... '"later sujply facilities represent a
            1-7                       potentia as a cultural resource.



















          Planning Zone One
          WATER RESOURCES

          The importance of  the Saco River as a regional
          resource, including public water supply, has been
          previously discussed within this study.      Within
          Planning Zone Onef        the river exhibits
          exceptionally clean water. (Class B waters, the
          third highest rating in the state classification
          system.)

          "Threats to water quality include soil erosion and
          stormwater runoff and point discharges of
          contaminants.    Point source contamination can
          include sewage effluent, discharges from
          landfills, or toxic or hazardous materials spills.

          I'Stormwater runoff and soil erosion control
          standards can be developed to prevent excessive
          stormwater runoff and soil erosion and
          sedimentation.    Sites left either permanently
          unvegetated or bare during construction are
          susceptible to soil erosion which can result in
          sedimentation of rivers, streams and
          waterbodies.111

          The State proposal to potentially establish a
          special waste landfill within the river's
          watershed is a good example of the regional
          aspects of water resources.      Although located
          inland on the Biddeford/Arundel boundary, this
          potential site is located at the headwaters of
          Swan Pond Brook.     The water supply intake is
          located immediately downstream from the confluence
          of Swan Pond Brook and the river.        Currently,
          Biddeford and Arundel officials are coordinating
          their efforts to discourage the State from
          selecting this site as a landfill.                          1-8



















                         PUBIJC ACCESS AND RECREATION

                         on this upper section of the Saco River there are
                         no public access sites nor recreation areas.
                         There is a private campground site near the
                         crossing of Route 45 at the river.    Use of the
                         river as a recreational resource is limited to
                         boating and fishing. This navigational section of
                         the river lies between Skelton Dam upriver and
                         dams within downtown Biddeford.      The lack of
                         access sites, especially boat launch facilities,
                         promotes a low-key utilization of this section of
                         the river.















                                 7
                                1:j



                                                   77
                                             :71






            1-9           limited access promotes low-key recreational use of the river.
                                      @;! @tpft_















                          Planning Zone One
                          ANALySis An PoUCY DINELOPMEff

                          1.    control the visual impact of residential
                                strip development within the South Street and
                                River Road corridors.

                                    This objective is formulated to preserve
                                    and enhance the quality of the existing
                                    rural character when traveling along
                                    these primary roadways.      Specifically,
                                    the intent is based on the retention of
                                    naturally wooded areas adjacent to
                                    roadways and at the edge of agricultural
                                    fields.

                          2.    Control the visual and environmental impact
                                on existing and future development and
                                activity within the Saco River watershed.

                                    As a major source of public water supply,
                                    the protection of water quality is
                                    critically important. This objective can
                                    only be met through regional cooperation
                                    with municipalities "upriver" in order to
                                    control the cumulative effects of
                                    existing and future development and
                                    activity within the river watershed.
                                    Regional management may be coordinated
                                    through  the Southern Maine Regional
                                    Planning commission.

                                    The Saco River Corridor Commission is a
                                    regional agency which exercises excellent
                                    control of development activities
                                    affecting the river. Locally, the City
                                    of Biddeford should encourage greater
                                    setbacks from the river, promote open
                                    space and buffer areas along the river,
                                    and should monitor sources of
                                    environmental impact upon the river,
                                    including riparian zones such as Swan
                                    Pond Brook.











                   This section of the river af fords the
                   recreational boater,, or those who may
                   walk along the river, with an essentially
                   natural river experience.       The future
                   assurance of this experience should be
                   promoted by controlling the visual impact
                   .of development within the river corridor.
                   Development projects should be controlled
                   to minimize the disturbance of natural
                   vegetation and to limit the encroachment
                   of structures upon the riverscape.

               Pursue the development of the Biddeford and
               Saco Water Company facilities as a site where
               residents can experience educational/
               interpretive activities.

                   While privately owned, the facility has
                   great potential for tours of waterworks
                   and the water supply system. Increased
                   knowledge of and exposure to these
                   operations will enhance the appreciation
                   of the importance of water supply and
                   conservation.

               Promote low-key recreational use along      the
               river while limiting public access          and
               discouraging intensive recreational uses.

                   This objective is aimed at retaining    the
                   current natural river experience        and
                   promoting a limited increase in
                   recreation on this section of the river.
                   Rotary Park, at the low end of the river,
                   is an active recreation site which
                   provides access to the river for power
                   boats that utilize this section of the
                   river.

                   The Waterfront Committee feels that
                   additional access for power   boats should
                   be discouraged in order to    maintain the
                   existing quality of experience on the
                   river.    A public access site should be
                   developed, however, specifically for the
                   use of canoes and other non-motorized
                   light watercraft. A location should be
                   sought on the upper section of the river,
                   such that these recreational users are
                   not mixed with those at Rotary Park.
                   Additional public access to the river
                   should be encouraged in the form of
                   common open space associated with future
                   residential development projects.







                       match I e
        IN
        0                                     Protected Natural Areas      1. Light Watercraft                   City of Biddeford
                                              Agricultural Land              Launch Site                         Comprehensive
                                                                           2. Biddeford / Saco                   Waterfront
     0                                        Undeveloped Natural Areas
                                                                             Water Company                       Plan
                                                                             Facilities            WO 250 0 1000 Feet
                                              Developed Areas








                          49                                                           *.-/.-.Study Area                   .... . ..



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                         Planning Zone Two

                         WA71ERFROW tMD USE

                         Planning Zone Two is comprised of waterfront areas
                         extending f rom the Maine Turnpike to the areas
                         beyond Factory Island along the tidal section of
                         the Saco River.   This zone includes the central
                         business district of the City of Biddeford at its
                         interface with the river and the City of Saco.
                         The entire area is served by public water and
                         sewer services.


                         Rural Transition Zone

                         Beginning from   the west side, near the Maine
                         Turnpike, land uses comprise a "transition" from
                         the rural riverscape to downtown districts. South
                         Street is the major travel route from the west,
                         which feeds into Main Street, which parallels the
                         river and leads to the intersection of Route One.
                         In this area, land uses are primarily residential.
                         In the outer areas near the Turnpike, single
                         family homes dominate the landscape.         Moving
                         closer to the City, density increases with smaller
                         lot sizes and multi-family dwellings.










                                                               r6A.
                               . .......














           2-1           Main Street forms a transition from rural areas to downtown










          Planning Zone Two
          WATERFRONT LAND USE


          Rural Transition Zone

          Rotary Park, a recreational area, and the
          Biddeford High School lend to the overall
          character of this "neighborhood oriented" section
          of the City between the Main Street/South Street
          intersection and Route One. Bisecting this area
          is the Kittery to Portland section of the Boston
          and Maine Railroad,     as well as a spurline
          extending  to the Saco Brick Company across the
          river.


























          The waterfront itself is comprised of three
          district conditions. Between the Maine Turnpike
          and Rotary Park, wetlands and floodplains define
          the rivers edge.     Rotary Park, a former City
          landfill, contains approximately 3,000 linear feet
          of river frontage, as well as frontage on
          Thatcher I s Brook as it enters the river.      The
          third condition between Rotary Park and Route One,
          is a densely developed shoreline. Residential and
          commercial uses extend close to, or in some
          locations directly upon, the water.                          2-2
























                        The City of Biddeford is fortunate to own a
                        significant waterfront parcel near Horrigans court
                        and Hooper Street between Main Street and the
                        river.    This undeveloped parcel, known as the
                        Diamond Match Company site, contains approximately
                        nine acres located directly on the waterfront,
                        with 1200 linear feet of river frontage.          The
                        property is primarily vacant, with some areas of
                        pavement and related site improvements remaining.
                        This site offers great potential. for future
                        utilization, including access and recreation
                        facilities.





                                        SACO
                           Diamond
                           Match
                            Co.





                                                    L
                                                     BIDDEFORD





           23                   Location map of Diamond Match Company Site













          Planning Zone Two

          WATEMOW


          Central Business District

          The waterfront section of the central business
          district extends easterly f rom Route One to Route
          Nine and Factory Island.              Historically,
          development was concentrated on the waterfront and
          upon Spring and Factory Islands. These industrial
          mills, whose buildings exist today, were located
          to capture the hydropower generated by the rapids
          on the Saco River. The Saco River and Biddeford
          Pool served to export manufactured goods, as well
          as to import goods for residents of Biddeford and
          Saco.   While these mills served as the catalyst
          for the establishment of the City of Biddeford,
          they exact a price upon the City today.       Due to
          the proliferation and scale of these mill
          buildings, and their location directly upon the
          waterfront, the Saco River is substantially
          "invisible" and inaccessible from the City itself.




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                              . . . . . . . . .................................
                      --Mir









                                                            L


           Mill buildings restrict access and views to the river waterfront 2-4

















                         As redevelopment of the mills occurs'         great
                         opportunity exists for the provision of public
                         access to and alongside the Saco River. The first
                         floor of these buildings will eventually support
                         pedestrian-related uses, including retail stores,
                         shops and restaurants, accessible from the
                         riverfront "public way." The upper floors will
                         most likely develop as offices, residential units
                         and possibly hotel accommodations, creating a
                         significant population increase in the downtown
                         area. Inasmuch., a riverfront walkway will provide
                         passive recreation opportunities and linkage to
                         the central business district and future
                         waterfront parks. In this process, the City may
                         "recapture the urban waterfront" and stimulate
                         economic revitalization.








                               ":M 313 1 Z 3 '1 -M M .1 M



                                             2.13
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            2-5             The City may recapture the urban waterfront on the river







            Planning Zone Two
            WATERFROAT LAND USE


            Waterfront Redevelopment District

            This section of the City is located between the
            Saco River and Pool Street, extending from Main
            Street easterly to Lafayette Street.            The
            waterfront itself is located on the Saco River
            just below the dams at Factory Island. In 1980,
            the City developed the "Waterfront Redevelopment
            Plan" which focused upon a three acre site on the
            river bounded by Main Street, Water Street and the
            sewage treatment plant.  This property is locally
            referred to as the White's Wharf parcel.      Goals
            and objectives identified in the plan include the
            following:

               Improvement of project area land values.
               Preservation and rehabilitation of key
               buildings.
               Removal of unsightly structures and blight.
               Improve Main Street/Water Street intersection.
               Develop mixed uses non-competing with existing
               uses.
               Improve waterfront edge condition and open
               space.
               Recapture views of river and first impression
               of city.
















                                                   7.



                 An impressive view from Main Street to Saco River      2-6
                              September, 1991













                         Planning Zone Two

                         WATERFRONT LAND USE


                         Waterfront Redevelopment District

                         The City's 1980 "waterfront Redevelopment Plan"
                         includes recommendations for rehabilitation of
                         several structures on the lower part of "the
                         hill"', on the south side of Water Street. These
                         buildings include the Dudley Block/Green Wave
                         Tavern which are listed on the National Register
                         of Historic Places, as well as the Sullivan House
                         and Mahaney buildings.

                               A



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                           White's Wharf site and historic buildings across Water Street

                         As the City continues its redevelopment program,
                         these buildings will play a key role in the
                         revitalization process. If the White's Wharf site
                         view corridor is maintained, building construction
                         is accordingly less intensive than recommended in
                         the 1980 Redevelopment Plan. Inasmuch, these
                         historic structures harbor potential to
                         accommodate mixed uses envisioned by the 1980
           2-7           plan.



















          The City of Biddeford has demonstrated a
          commitment to this effort and has achieved many
          objectives outlined by the plan.      In the last
          decade, the City has removed several unsightly
          structures and thereby recaptured views to the
          river from Main Street and Water Street. In this
          process, a view corridor has been established, and
          should be retained through proper future
          utilization of the site.















                                               ............
                         ?

                                         ...........





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          The City's    1980 Redevelopment Plan proposes
          structures proximate to the Main Street/Water
          Street intersection which threaten this view
          corridor. Accordingly, no structures should occur
          along the Main Street frontage, and structures
          along the Water Street frontage should be
          positioned away from. the intersection to retain
          existing views.                                              2-8









                          Extending easterly f rom the three acre site known
                          as White's Wharf, waterfront land uses include the
                          sewage treatment plant, Rumery I s Boatyard, and
                          residential properties.     Shorefront and river
                          conditions between the Main Street/Route 9 bridge
                          and the Rumery's site are suitable for
                          water-dependent uses and activities. Beyond the
                          Rumery's site, steep topography and shallow river
                          depths preclude the opportunity to these uses.
                          This waterfront section, between the river and
                          Cleaves Street, is comprised of single family and
                          multi-family residential uses. Opposite this area
                          and within the river are Cow Island and Mouse
                          Island, both of which are undeveloped and
                          environmentally unsuitable for future development.


                          The Hill

                          The area between Water Street/Cleaves Street and
                          Pool Street extending from Main Street to
                          Lafayette Street is referenced to locally as "The
                          Hill".    While this area does not contain
                          waterfront upon the Saco, existing and potential
                          views-of the river are dramatic.    Land uses are
                          primarily residential, including single family and
                          multi-family dwellings.    Existing views to the
                          river are limited to streets which run
                          perpendicular to the shoreline and are further
                          limited by building heights and placement of
                          structures.







                                                                 N     mews


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                                                       V5



            2-9              View from "The Hill" to the Saco River, September 1991









             Planning Zone Two
             N4TURAL RESOURCES


             Riparian Habitat

             Located  at the east edge. of Rotary Park on the
             Saco River is Thatcher's Brook, a major tributary
             which comprises a major sub-watershed extending
             inland to the Biddeford Airport.         The Maine
             Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (IFW)
             identifies Thatcher's Brook as having a high value
             rating as a riparian habitat.


             Wetlands and Floodplains

             Wetland areas within this planning zone are
             limited primarily to the Thatcher's Brook riparian
             zone.     Remaining river shoreline areas are
             developed and contain urban soil conditions.

             Flood hazard areas, including 100-year floodplain
             zones, are more prevalent than wetland areas in
             this zone. In addition to floodplains along the
             river between the Maine Turnpike and Rotary Park,
             two urban areas are affected. These include the
             City owned Diamond International site, as well as
             the Water Street area, including a portion   of the
            ,sewage treatment plant  site.




                                               WOO







                                            MW









                                             V:,



                                             MA -t


                   Thatcher's Brook riparian zone near Rotary Park        2-10










                         Wildlire Habitat

                         IFW has rated the Saco River as a "high value"
                         fisheries resource and Thatcher's Brook as a
                         "medium value" fisheries resource. IFW defines a
                         medium value fisheries resource based on the
                         following characteristics:

                             Moderately suitable habitat to support game
                            fish.

                            Contains fish species which are moderately
                            sensitive to changes in physical features,
                            water quality, or temperature.

                            Contains fish species which are moderately
                            common within study area.

                            Has a quality fishery in moderate demand.

                            Habitat area of from 5 to 10 acres occurring
                            within main stem of the stream.

                            Moderate economic importance.

                         Although not rated by IFW as an important wildlife
                         habitat area,    it should be noted that local
                         observance of shorebird nesting and other wildlife
                         activity has been noted at Cow Island and Mouse
                         Island.   Inasmuch, the City should consider these
                         islands  as locally important wildlife habitat
                         areas.
















                                                z4,





           2-11                  Cow Island is important as a wildlife habitat






            Planning Zone Two
            CULTURAL RESOURCES

            The downtown portion of the City of Biddeford is
            rich in cultural resources available to City
            residents. These include the municipal offices
            and library, schools, financial institutions,
            theatres and playhouses, and numerous additional
            facilities. Specific to the immediate waterfront,
            however, there are no cultural resource facilities
            presently utilized.       Analysis of existing
            conditions, however, reveals great opportunity for
            future cultural experience in downtown waterfront
            areas:


            ï¿½  Existing mill structures harbor potential for
               providing historical perspective on the City's
               history.

            ï¿½  Dam structures and hydroelectric facilities may
               provide educational experiences specific to
               water control and management.

               The City's 1980 "Waterfront Redevelopment Plan"
               perhaps understated the sites' potential for
               tourism and education pertinent to the City's
               maritime heritage and shipping industries.

               The sewage treatment plant and its crucial role
               in the environmental integrity of the Saco
               River should be recognized for its importance
               within the community.
            Z 7f.




                           J J




                                                jw@




                 Mill building                                          2-12
                          ,s offer perspective on the City's history











                                                     01











                                             Sewage treatment is unrecognized for
                                             its importance to Biddeford residents.



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                                      7@Z.








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                                     Hydroelectric facilities provide educational experience
               2-13                        specific to water control and management
                                                                               Z@@
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                                                                              -it I.







           Planning Zone Two

           PUBUC ACCESS AND RECREATION

           Rotary Park, located on    South Street between
           downtown Biddeford and the Maine Turnpike, is a
           waterfront recreation area available to City
           residents.  This park, established in the early
           1970's, is located on a former landfill site on
           the Saco River. Facilities include the following:

           ï¿½ Swimming beach (90 linear feet).
           ï¿½ one changing facility.
           ï¿½ One boat ramp (unpaved).
           ï¿½ Downhill ski area    (5 acres; lift).
             Outdoor ice skating area.
           a Sledding area    (2 acres).
           . Playground   (10,000 sq. ft.).
             Picnic tables.
             Lighted softball field.

           In 1978 the City developed a master plan for the
           expansion of existing facilities; however, the
           City has not, to date, undertaken expansion
           recommendations.    In general, maintenance of
           existing facilities City-wide suffers from lack of
           funding and assigned personnel.





















                Picnic areas and mimming beach -at Rotary Park         2-14












                          Linkage and Interlocal Opportunities

                          With the exception of Rotary Park, public access
                          to and recreation facilities on the waterfront are
                          nonexistent. Inasmuch, Biddeford residents have
                          little opportunity to utilize the waterfront
                          areas, particularly within the City business
                          district.      As identified herein, future
                          opportunities exist for the development of
                          waterfront parks and recreation areas.       In this
                          light, the City may strive for linkage between
                          these facilities. Together with a linear access
                          plan along the waterfront, provisions should be
                          made for linkage between this linear system and
                          downtown neighborhood districts.




                                            rA
                                                     V
                               41
                                                     V













                                                                  ,2L





                          The Cities  of Biddeford  and Saco share the    river
                          and should coordinate inter-city access and
                          recreation planning efforts.    Particular emphasis
                          may be given to the City of Biddef ord I s White I s
                          Wharf property and Factory     Island on the Saco
                          side. In addition to pedestrian ways and parks,
                          planning objectives should include parking support
                          facilities,   complimentary rather than competing
                          facilities, and the fostering of urban
            2-15          revitalization needs for both cities.










                         Planning Zone Two

                         ANALYSIS AM POLICY DUELOPMEW

                         1.   Develop waterfront open space and parks for
                              the enjoyment of local residents, as well as
                              a means f or enhancing economic development
                              and tourism within the City of Biddeford.

                                  With the exception of Rotary Park,
                                  Biddeford residents have little
                                  opportunity to utilize the waterfront
                                  areas within the City business district.
                                  Future pedestrian linkages should be
                                  developed from urban neighborhoods to
                                  waterfront parks and open space.

                                  The City should capture the opportunity
                                  to promote economic development and
                                  tourism by developing its waterfront and
                                  increasing public access to these areas.
                                  Biddeford and Saco should coordinate an
                                  inter-city program and master plan to
                                  achieve this objective.

                                  The City has the opportunity to recover
                                  the riverfront which is presently
                                  inaccessible and "invisible" within the
                                  central, business district.

                         2.   Continue to address the adverse impacts on
                              water quality created by effluent discharge
                              into the river.

                                  The City is currently engaged in a
                                  program to separate storm drains and
                                  sewer lines which are currently combined
                                  @nd discharge to the Saco River. These
                                  improvements will improve the efficiency
                                  of the sewage treatment plant, as well as
                                  the water quality in the river.

                         3.   Capture the opportunity for educational/
                              interpretive activities associated with the
                              sewerage treatment facilities and
                              hydroelectric dams on the river.

                                  These sites play an important role on the
                                  waterfront and should be recognized for
                                  their importance in the community and the
             2-16                 residents of Biddeford.












                                                                                                                                                                                                            ............
                                                                                                                                                  ......................... ....                                ..........
                                                                                                        Saco        Study
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ... ........
                                                                                                                                    ...........

                                                                                                                                    ............
                                                                                                                                                         . ........         ....
                                                                                                                                    ...........       ............
                                                                                                                                        ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      :a
                                                                                                        Area                                                                                                      -.0 A
                                                                                                                                                                           .......                          ..... . ......
                                                                                                                                                                    ........ ........ ...... .....
                                                                                                                                                                                             ..................
                                                                                                                                             .... .......        .... . ..........         . .........
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ..........
                 3. Rotary Park Recreation Area
                                                                                                                                        .......... .......
                                                                                                                                                                                                .............
                                                                                                                                                                                                 ..........

                                                                                                                                                 ....                                 ........
                 4. Diamond International Site                                                                                          . ....
                                                                                                                                                                                                 ..........
                                                                                                                                                     . . ........... .. ....
                                                                                                            U
                                                                                                                                                                                                  ...... ....
                                                                                                                                                            ...............
                 5. Water Street Redevelopment Site
                                                                                                                                    ......   . .....
                                                                                                                                                              ...........
                                                                                                                                                                                         ..... .......
                                                                                                                                                           ... ........         ....  .......
                                                                                                                                     ..........
                                                                                                                                   . . .........   . .......
                                                                                                                                               NX:
                 6. Rumerys Boat Yard
                                                                                                                                                ....... .... ..
                                                                                                        ..........
                                                                                                                                        .. .........
                                                                                                                                                                                  ...................
                                                                                                                                                                                    .............
           0000 Biddeford Rivervwalk
                                                                                                          .....        ......                                                           ......... ........
                                                                                                                                                                                        ........... ...........
                                                                                                                                                                              ............  sa.
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                         Planning Zone Three

                         WATERMONT MD USE

                         Historically and within recent years, land use
                         development has occurred in a linear pattern,
                         concentrated within the Pool Street/Route Nine
                         corridor.    The First Parish Meeting House, the
                         original City meeting place, is located on Pool
                         Street at Meetinghouse Road.       This structure,
                         which was moved from the riverfront at Meeting
                         House Eddy, is placed on the National Register of
                         Historic Places.

                         Land uses within the Pool Street corridor are
                         predominately single family residential homes
                         oriented toward Pool Street rather than the river.
                         This pattern is created in part due to the steep
                         terrain between Pool Street and the river.        In
                         recent history, the Route Nine realignment project
                         served to create a series of neighborhoods along
                         the river. As the new alignment straightened the
                         route, the older road sections experience minimal
                         traffic, fostering pedestrian activity and a sense
                         of community within these residential areas.











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            3-1             Residential neighborhoods mithin the Pool Street corridor














          Planning Zone Three
          WATERFRONT LM USE

          Additional land uses along the river include the
          Riverwood Health Care Center and St. Andres Health
          Center and Convent. These quasi-public facilities
          exhibit a campus-like development pattern and
          contribute valuable open space to the river
          corridor.    These facilities are located on high
          bluffs along the river and provide for views from
          Route Nine to the river across the river to Saco.



























          Presently,  most of the land between Route  Nine   and
          the Saco River is developed.       In the   past   ten
          years, numerous single family houses              and
          residential developments have been established
          along the Route Nine corridor.      As this pattern
          progresses, the sense of traveling along a natural
          river corridor is compromised and similar visual
          impact is occurring within the river corridor
          itself.                                                         3-2











                          N4TURAL RESOURCES

                          Landfonm

                          In early history, Pool Street was established as
                          the route between downtown Biddeford and coastal
                          areas, following parallel to the Saco River.     The
                          route follows a linear terrace landform with
                          elevations ranging from 100 feet to 150 feet above
                          the river. In most locations between Pool Street
                          and the river, the land is relatively flat and, as
                          it approaches the river, the topography slopes
                          steeply to the water.         In some locations,
                          secondary "benches" occur between Pool Street and
                          the river.   In contrast to this basic land f orm
                          pattern is the Moors Brook drainage basin, which
                          enters the Saco near Meeting House Eddy.


                          Riparian Habitat

                          Moors Brook crosses Pool Street at the approximate
                          midpoint between downtown Biddeford and the Hills
                          Beach Road at the University of New England. The
                          Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife
                          (IFW) has rated this brook as having medium value
                          as a riparian habitat. The Moors Brook watershed
                          extends inland along the Guinea Road to West
                          Street.   As it enters the Saco, the brook and
                          river combine to create a diverse environment,
                          including freshv@ater and saltwater         wetland
                          habitats.
















                                                            ow.



            3-3                 Moors Brook at its confluencewith the Saco River












          Planning Zone Three
          N4TURAL RESOURCES

          Wetlands and noodplains

          This section of the Saco River is prolific as an
          estuary system which includes significant
          freshwater and salt water wetland areas. IFW has
          related numerous wetlands along the river as
          having high value, primarily due to the wildlife
          habitat supported by these river environments.
          Expansive salt marshes along the river are
          particularly expressive of this estuarine
          environment. Dictated by topographic conditions
          within the river corridor, floodplain areas range
          f rom narrow strips along the river to       broadly
          distributed flow areas. It'is important to note
          the active erosion occurring today at the   edge of
          the river I s salt marshes.   This erosion may be
          caused by intensive boating activity or by   natural
          processes, including spring ice floods,    or by a
          combination of these activities and events.






                                  -'61IM&M Z










                Expansive salt marshes adjacent to the Saco River       3-4


















                         Wildlife Habitat

                         This tidal section of the Saco River provides
                         extensive and significant, wildlife habitat for
                         numerous species. IFW has rated this section of
                         the river as having high value as a fisheries
                         habitat.    Fish species found in the Saco River
                         include alewives, American Shad, blueback herring,
                         rainbow smelt, Atlantic Salmon, and Striped Bass.
                         "The Saco River supports the largest Striped Bass
                         fishery in the State of Maine. All species except
                         the Atlantic Salmon migrate to spawn as far as the
                         head of the tide at Factory Island".'           Fish
                         passage facilities are presently planned at
                         existing dam barriers which will allow these
                         species to expand their breeding. . .

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                         In addition  to its value  as a fisheries habitat,
                         the Saco River provides important wildlife habitat
                         for shorebirds. These include shorebird staging
                         areas and waterfowl wintering areas, which are
                         concentrated within the rivers' salt marshes.
                         Salt marshes provide breeding habitat for numerous
                         marine species on a seasonal basis.







          Planning Zone Three
          WATER RESOURCES


          Physical Characteristics

          The State water quality classification of this
          section of the river is SC, the third highest
          classi'fication for estuary and marine waters.
          These waters should be suitable for recreation in
          and on the water, fishing and aquaculture. From
          the mouth of the river at Camp Ellis, the channel
          extends six miles inland to downtown
          Biddeford-Saco. At each incoming tide, salt water
          intrusion into the estuary extends approximately
          four miles upriver.   Mean high tide is 8.7 feet
          above the mean low water elevation and extreme low
          tide is 3.5 feet below mean low water, combining
          for a tide differential of 12.2 feet.


          River Navigation

          The Saco River channel is extremely irregular
          respective to its horizontal conf iguration, width
          and depth conditions. The river is classified as
          a navigable waterway.    The V. S. Army Corps of
          Engineers is the primary @ regulatory agency
          controlling navigation upon the river.   The Corps
          has undertaken numerous projects within the river,
          including channel dredging, establishment of
          mooring basins and the construction of the jetties
          extending into the ocean at Camp Ellis and Hills
          Beach.





               M










           jetties at Camp Ellis, a U. S. Army Corps of Engineers project
















                          The channel within the river is narrow with sharp
                          bends; however, it is well marked and easily
                          navigable. During the spring and summer of 1991,
                          the Biddeford Harbor Commission placed several "no
                          wake" buoys within the river. In accordance with
                          State boating laws, these buoys require boaters to
                          maintain headway speed within 200 feet of the
                          shoreline.    Placement of the "no wake" buoys
                          resulted from irresponsible boating activity
                          occurring within recent years.




                          F- -7.












                          In the summer of     1991, Federal funding was
                          approved for a maintenance dredging of the     Saco.
                          River channel.      This project is extremely
                          important to improve navigation and commercial
                          utilization of the river.      Currently, channel
                          depths are marginal at the mouth of the river near
                          Camp Ellis and at the head of the river near
                          Factory Island. For the Federal dredging project
                          to proceed, Biddeford and Saco must designate an
                          area or areas for the disposal of dredged
                          materials.  The City of Biddeford is coordinating
                          its White's Wharf property on Water Street for
                          this purpose, and is considering.alternative sites
            3-7           in coordination with the City of Saco.






          Planning Zone Three

          WATER RESOURCES


          River Access Facilities

          There are numerous public and private          access
          facilities which provide for commercial and
          recreational use of the river. With the exception
          of the Camp Ellis area, waterfront land uses along
          the river are primarily residential.       Inasmuch,
          there are numerous private docks on the river
          associated with these residential properties.
          Primary access sites include State, municipal and
          private facilities available for public use.        A
          sun ary of these facilities is provided herein:

          Facilities                    ownership      Location

          Rumery's Boat Yard            Private      Biddeford

          Saco Yacht Club               Private      Saco

          Meeting House Eddy
          Boat Launch Facility          State        Biddeford

          Riverside Anchorage Marina    Private      Saco

          Norwood's Marina              Private      Saco

          Camp Ellis Pier               Municipal    Saco

          In addition to these facilities, the       State is
          planning a boat launch facility at Front   Street in
          Saco with a planned capacity for approximately 25
          parking spaces. The University of New England is
          also planning an access facility in the near
          future.   In a  recent study, the State Planning
          Office conducted a State-wide mapping project
          which identified 26 potential access sites on the
          Biddeford side of the river alone. With respect
          to existing facilities, an approximation of access
          capacity may be reached. Exclusive of excursion
          boats at Camp Ellis and transient boats entering
          the river from Saco Bay, existing boat capacity is
          as follows:

               Marina Slips                    232
               Point Moorings                  165
               Private Berthings               24
               State Boat Launch               60

          Total approximate boat  capacity     481
          (Source: Aerial photographic interpretation, 1990
          photos dated 8-30-90)                                          3-8



























                                                Rumery's Boat Yard on Water Street, Biddeford









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                                                                "311





               3-9                                  The Saco Ya6t Club, established in 1878









          Planning Zone Three
          WATER RESOURCES


          Commercial Use of the River

          In the early history of the Saco River, commercial
          enterprises included commercial towing, shipping
          of import and export goods, boat yards, ice
          cutting and lumbering activities. With changing
          times and the onset of recreational boating, these
          commercial uses have subsided; however, the river
          continues to provide vital economic support to the
          communities of Biddeford and Saco.

          It is difficult to precisely determine the
          economic contribution to Biddeford and Saco
          afforded by commercial and recreational use of the
          river.    Respective to the commercial fishing
          industry, economic value is normally measured by
          volume and pricing of landed catch; however,
          reliable data is not available specific to Saco
          River. Similarly, there is no specific economic
          data available pertinent to other commercial and
          recreational entities which depend upon the river
          for their livelihood.














                                           M





                      .77--








                                               A, 'V"



                 Commercial fishing vessels at Canip Ellis, Sam        3-10











                          One measure of the economic value of the river is
                          based_upon employment. There are approximately 40
                          commercial fishing boats within the river,
                          primarily located at Camp Ellis. With each boat
                          including two working fishermen, this equates to
                          So full time jobs.     Honeycomb Systems, a maj or
                          manufacturer in Biddeford, is dependent upon the
                          river to export its products via Rumery I s Boat
                          Yard. Honeycomb Systems employs approximately 135
                          people.     Rumery's Boat Yard itself provides
                          approximately 15 full time jobs.    Excursion boats
                          of Camp Ellis provide approximately 12 jobs for 8
                          months during the year, equal to 8 full-time jobs,
                          and marina businesses on the river contribute an
                          additional 7 full time jobs.









                            "77         t @k













                          Approximately 245 people in Biddeford and  Saco are
                          dependent upon the Saco River for employment.

                          In addition to personnel increase, those people
                          support families, invest in property, and
                          contribute to the remainder of the Cities'
                          economic base. With the intense use of the river
                          by local and non-local recreational boaters
                          additional economic value is created by support of'
                          local businesses by this boating population.
                          Maintenance of the river's navigability and
                          infrastructure improvements is critical to the
                          present and future economic utilization of the
           3-11           river.






         Planning Zone Three

         WATER RESURCES

         Recreational Boating and Future Demand

         Recreational boating activity on the Saco River
         has dramatically increased in recent years,
         raising a considerable concern pertaining to
         environmental impacts, safety, and creating
         uncertainty respective to the capacity of the
         river.

         Current figures indicate there are approximately
         421 boats berthed or moored within the river; of
         these, approximately 381 are recreational boats.
         Additional boat traffic is generated by ramp
         facilities at the State launch (Meeting House Eddy
         - 60 parking spaces). and at Camp Ellis.          In
         addition, the river is a popular venue for
         transient boaters and sport fishermen. Finally,
         the City of Saco and the State are planning the
         construction of a new launch facility on Front
         Street (parking capacity is approximately 20
         vehicles).




             _7





                                            4A




                         04






         During the course of preparing this plan,   numerous
         concerns were raised by area residents and local
         officials regarding recreational boating activity
         on the river.    Many believe that excessive boat
         traffic is responsible for 'erosion of the
         shoreline, which is particularly evident within
         salt marshes along the river.     Others attribute
         this erosion to natural processes, including flood
         events and spring ice f loes; however, research
         studies which may shed light on this debate have
         yet to be undertaken.    Additional environmental
         concerns include boat-generated water pollution,
         noise, and impact of wildlife habitat.                       3-12










                          Another central issue on the river is boating
                          safety.      In recent years, Biddeford's'
                          harbormasters have witnessed increasing incidents
                          of alcohol abuse, speeding, illegal water skiing,
                          numerous' accidents, and general neglect of
                          regulations and responsible boating behavior.
                          Enforcement of these violations is difficult due
                          to limited physical and financial resources.    The
                          Biddeford Harbor Commission installed general   "no
                          wake" buoys within the river in 1991, which     are
                          reported to have improved enforcement efforts   and
                          general safety on the river.

                          While it is difficult to establish the precise
                          demand which will be placed upon the river to
                          accommodate future recreational use, it is clear
                          that these demands will increase with local and
                          regional population growth.         Locally, new
                          residents within Biddeford and Saco will continue
                          to demand access and moorage/berthing within    the
                          river..
























                          As a regional  recreation resource,  the river will
                          continue to attract boaters from inland Maine
                          communities, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts.
                          The important question facing the Cities of
                          Biddeford and Saco is not what the increased
                          demand level will be in ten years, but rather,
                          "What is the appropriate capacity within the river
                          and the desired quality of experience on the river
            3-13          in the future?"











          Planning Zone Three

          WATER RESURCES


          River Capacity and I Gain vs. [Ass"

          In order to determine the appropriate level of
          river capacity, consideration must be given to a
          complex series of factors. The process represents
          a classic example of the "gain vs. loss" method
          of decision making.   What is gained and what is
          lost depends on the factors involved; key factors
          are illustrated as follows:

             The desire to regulate and limit future
             activities within and along the river vs. the
             loss of individual property rights and
             recreational activity.

             Physical alteration of natural river and upland
             environments to accommodate increased use vs
             the loss of natural environments necessitatea
             by this action.

             Recreational benefits derived from increased
             use vs. the impact of increased use upon the
             commercial fishing industry.

             Recreational benefits derived from increased
             use vs. the impact of increased use upon the
             quality of the recreational experience existing
             today.

          Future use of the river must account for the
          physical and visual impact on the river
          environment and or adjacent land areas, as well as
          for the cultural and economic values associated
          with the river corridor.    Increased use on the
          river requires access support and parking
          facilities which, in turn, require alteration of
          the riverscape and the predominantly residential
          waterfront.    There is great cultural value
          inherent to the scenic beauty of the river, both
          to river residents and to recreational boaters
          using the river today.       Finally, increased
          recreational use may adversely impact the ability
          of commercial fishermen to operate within the
          river and adjacent harvest areas'.                          3-14












                         care ful consideration must be given to the
                         seasonal nature of recreational boating.       Local
                         harbormasters indicate that safety problems,
                         created in part by over-utilization of the river,
                         is limited to summer weekends and holidays.       At
                         these times, access and parking facilities exceed
                         capacity, and transient boating use of the river
                         is at its peak.     During off-peak times, safety
                         problems are marginal and - access/parking
                         facilities are readily    available to local and
                         non-local user  groups.






















                                                    .1 Ir









                         Consideration must     also be given to river
                         configuration and its contiguity with Saco Bay.
                         Heavy use of the river is problematic within "the
                         narrows" where the channel widths are restrictive
                         to boat traffic.      While no studies have been
                         conducted regarding traffic patterns within the
                         river, its capacity may be in part defined by
                         restricted channel widths. Also important is the
                         generally accepted principal that most - boaters
                         navigate the river in order to reach Saco Bay and
                         more distant openwater.    Inasmuch, increased use
                         of the river may be more suitable on the lower
                         sections of the river, below the narrows and
          3-15           proximate to the bay.












          Planning Zone Three
          WATER RESOURCES


          Interlocal Management

          The Saco River corridor is a singular natural
          resource bisected by a political boundary.

          Unfortunately, there is little communication nor
          coordination between Biddeford and Saco respective
          to the management of activities within and
          adjacent to the river.     Each city has its own
          harbormasters who manage their respective "sides",
          of the river within the framework of separate
          policies and objectives.    Each city has its own
          harbor ordinance with separate regulations and
          procedures. The Biddeford harbormasters report to
          their Harbor Commission; in Saco, there is no such
          advisory capacity.     In both cities, there is
          formal structure in which water-related issues are
          coordinated with land use development.

          The communication problems are  .exacerbated by the
          overlapping jurisdiction of regional, State and
          Federal agencies which play a role in the future
          of the river corridor.     They. include the Saco
          River Corridor Commission, Maine Departments of
          Marine Resources, Environmental Protection,
          Conservation, Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, as
          well as the U.S. Coast Guard and the Army Corps of
          Engineers.

          on the positive side of this      equation is the
          opportunity for Biddeford and     Saco to resolve
          their joint management challenges.        Land. use
          patterns and existing zoning provisions are
          essentially compatible within the river corridor.
          The scenic character of the corridor is largely
          intact and, through prudent interlocal efforts,
          can be maintained for future generations.       The
          river continues to support a viable commercial
          fishing industry and harbors great potential for
          future economic support for both cities. Finally,
          both cities recognize the importance of interlocal
          management to the ensured continuance of the
          mutual benefits derived from a shared resource.              3-16










                          CULTURAL RESOURCES

                          The original meeting house of the City, originally
                          situated on the shores of the river, is currently
                          located on Pool Street. This facility has great
                          potential for utilization by City residents
                          interested in historical aspects of the community.
                          In an historical context, this section of the
                          river is rich with history dating back to the
                          pre-colonial times.   Prior to historical records,
                          the Sokoki, a local indian tribe, inhabited the
                          area near the mouth of the river.         The f irst
                          recorded European visit to the Saco occurred in
                          1603, which precipitated subsequent settlement of
                          the Cities of Biddeford and Saco.



















                               The original Biddeford Meeting House on Pool Street


                          Today, observable and "hidden" cultural resources
                          exist within the river corridor.        The scenic
                          beauty of the river is valued by area residents as
                          well as visitors. From Pool street, the river is
                          visible from thehigher terrain, most notably in
                          the area adjacent,to the St. Andres property. As
                          development along - Pool Street continues, these
                          views. to the river become increasingly more
                          important.     "Hidden" - cultural resources are
                          comprised by the history of activity upon the
                          river, evidence of which is scarce today. Major
                          floods and changing land and water utilization
                          have combined to' all but erase this historical
           3-17           evidence.








          Planning Zone Three

          PUBUC ACCESS AND RECREA71ON

          The public boat launch site at Meeting House Eddy
          is an impressive facility which provides for
          access to the Saco River and open ocean waters.
          Improvements were planned and implemented in
          coordination with the State Department of
          Conservation.  As a State boat launch site, the
          ramp facilities receive heavy use by non-resident
          populations. Facilities include the following:

            Sixty parking spaces for vehicles with
            trailers.

            Dual access ramp facility with courtesy pier.

            Dinghy tie float  system.

            Public restrooms  and toilets.







                                        _44
                                         M.
                                                        M-1 Mail
                                         7=7



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               Ramp Facilities receive heavy use by non-residents.


          Since the opening of the facility, excessive use
          is normal during peak use periods. Over-flow
          parking has congested the Pool Street corridor,
          creating safety concerns and increased police
          enforcement.  As one of the f ew launch sites in
          the region providing access to salt waters, it is
          certain that extensive use of the facility will
          continue.                                                   3-18












                          Planning Zone Three
                          ANALYSIS AND POUCY DEVELOPMENT

                          1.   Control the visual impact of residential
                               strip development with the Pool Road/Route
                               Nine Corridor.

                                   While this area is primarily developed to
                                   date, significant natural areas remain
                                   which contribute to the quality of the
                                   travel experience between downtown and
                                   coastal areas.    These areas should be
                                   retained to the extent possible as future
                                   development occurs.     A bicycle route
                                   should be planned to improve the safety
                                   of the presently popular use of this
                                   route for cyclists.

                          2.   Control the visual and environmental impact
                               of existing, and future development and
                               activity upon the Saco River.

                                   Due to the topographic conditions along
                                   this section of the river, existing
                                   development is generally not intrusive
                                   upon views along the river.         Future
                                   development projects should be controlled
                                   to minimize the disturbance of natural
                                   vegetation and to limit the encroachment
                                   of structures within the river corridor.
                                   In addition to controls exercised by the
                                   Saco River Corridor Commission, the City
                                   should encourage greater setbacks from
                                   the river, promote open space and buffer
                                   areas along the river, and should monitor
                                   the courses of environmental impact upon
                                   the river.

                          3.   Implement the dredging of the entire federal
                               channel in the Saco River location downtown
                               and Camp Ellis.

                                   The commercial use of this section of the
                                   river must be ensured; Honeycomb Systems,
                                   a major employer in Biddeford, is solely
                                   dependent on river navigability to export
            3-19                   its products.
























              Discourage additional power boat access and
              use of the river between downtown and Camp
              Ellis.

                   Numerous public comments have been
                   received regarding concerns for boating
                   safety, erosion of the shoreline
                   (especially marshes and flats),
                   disturbance of wildlife habitat, and
                   general over-use of the river.      While
                   mathematical calculations of the amount
                   of use is inexact, the Waterfront
                   Committee feels that increased boat
                   traffic on the river is inappropriate. A
                   significant impact was felt by the
                   opening of the State boat launch at
                   Meetinghouse Eddy, and a similar facility
                   is proposed on the Saco side near Front
                   Street.

                   During peak use periods, additional
                   access would exacerbate existing
                   congestion and safety problems.
                   Furthermore, the river will be subject to
                   uncontrolled future use of the river by
                   transients entering the river from open
                   ocean waters. Finally, during off-peak
                   use periods, existing facilities provide
                   adequate access for area residents and
                   non-resident boaters.

         5.   Develop inter-local coordination of river
              management with the City of Saco.

                   The river corridor can only be managed
                   properly by the two cities working
                   together towards a common set of
                   objectives for the future of the river.          3-20






                                                                                      Saco         Study Area


                                                                                                ........              .......
                                                                                                                                          ...... ... . ........
                                                                                                                                ...............
                                                                                                                                              ..............
                                                                                                                                      ................

                                                                                  ...........         ......    . ............                   ..............
                                     .............
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                                                                                                                                  Route 9






                               Protected Natural Area                              7. Pool Street Open Space Site
                               Undeveloped Natural Area                            8. Historic Meeting House
                               Developed Area                                      9. State Boat Launch Facility
                               University of New England                          10. UNE Municipal Dock Facility







                                                                r                                                                    Planning Zone 4
                                                                                                                                  BWDEFORD POOL











                                                                                                                                                                . . ...... .
                                                                                                                          13


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                          Planning Zone Four
                          WATERFRONT IAM USE
                          IMe university or New England
                          The University of New England (UNE) is an
                          independent university specializing in biological
                          sciences and health. The UNE campus, located on
                          the coast at the mouth of the Saco River, includes
                          significant water frontage and potential for river
                          recreation and  education oriented activities.


                           -M M










                                din`









                          UNE's program in   marine  biology is augmented by
                          numerous marine, estuarine, and fresh water
                          habitats near the campus and available to study.
                          The student deals with such subjects as marine and
                          estuarine ecology, pollution, marine mammals,
                          ocean currents and tides and fisheries management.

                          Land use issues pertaining to UNE include future
                          expansion plans for university facilities and
                          compliance with City zoning regulations.         11UNE
                          officials have suggested a special University    Zone
                          be created to permit them to carry out normal
                          university operations".       As Hills Beach Road
                          bisects the campus, there are pedestrian safety
                          issues created by traffic destined to and from
                          Hills Beach.     In recent years, UNE and City
                          officials have explored bypass route alternatives
             4-1          from Route Nine to Hills Beach.







          Planning Zone Four

          IVATERFROAT LAAM USE

          Hills Beach Peninsula

          The peninsula is a narrow spit of land
          approximately 1k miles long, extending easterly
          and forming the west side of the channel entrance
          to Biddeford Pool. Hills Beach Road bisects the
          peninsula with densely populated residential
          development straddling the travel route. With the
          exception of the shoreline itself, the natural
          coastal landscape has been nearly         entirely
          consumed.








                                  - W_M"@















          Residential dwellings at   Hills Beach support    a
          significant seasonal population  in summer months;
          however, recent years have brought an increasing
          number of year-round conversions to the peninsula.


          Route Nine Corridor

          While devoid of water frontage and somewhat
          isolated from the coast, the Route Nine corridor
          should be considered as part of the study area.
          This route is part of the primary travel corridor-
          between downtown Biddeford and Biddeford Pool.
          Within the corridor, public water and sewer are
          not available, and much of the land is
          undeveloped. In recent years, however, sporadic
          residential development has occurred, and the
          corridor is increasingly vulnerable to strip
          development.                                                  4-2









                          Old Pool Road/Bridge Street Corridor

                          Prior to the realignment and reconstruction of
                          Route Nine, these roads formed the historic travel
                          route between the coast and Biddeford/Saco- The
                          Old Pool Road, winding through a rural landscape
                          forming the west side of Biddeford Pool, contains
                          numerous homes and forms constructed a century or
                          more ago. The Bridge Road corridor also contains
                          historic homesites and,, until recent years,
                          significant natural areas on the south side of the
                          Pool.

                          The decade of the 1980's, however, witnessed
                          significant development within the Old Pool
                          Road/Bridge Road corridor.           Residential
                          subdivisions now encroach upon the salt marshes
                          and tidal flats and have dramatically altered the
                          visual and social character of this coastal area.
                          In recent years, a major development proposal was
                          defeated on issues including traffic,
                          historical/ cultural, and environmental impacts.
                          As future development pressure within the area is
                          certain to occur, however, the remaining rural
                          character of this area will continue to be
                          threatened.









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            4-3             Future development threatens remaining rural character.






          Planning Zone Four

          WATERFRONT LAND USE

          Biddeford Pool Peninsula

          ,Originally named "Fletcher's Neck", the Biddeford
          Pool peninsula extends approximately 2 miles into
          the ocean from the mainland, terminating at two
          major headlands at East Point and South Point.
          The "entrance" to the peninsula is afforded by a
          narrow sand spit forming a natural barrier between
          the sand dune/sand beach and Biddeford Pool
          estuary.   Known locally as Mile Stretch Road, the
          route is  lined with beachfront houses, most of
          which are occupied seasonally.







                                                          -7


                           f


                                         17




                    -47 -



          Upon reaching the  main section and terminus  of  the
          peninsula, land use patterns become more diverse
          and distinct. Originally known as Winter Harbor,
          Biddeford Pool Village was established as a
          fishing community adjacent to the protected
          harbor.













                 - ---------------






          Biddeford Pool Village, originally named Winter Harbor          44









                          Water-dependent land uses adjacent to the harbor
                          include the Biddeford Pool Yacht Club, Biddeford
                          Pool Fishermen's Association Pier; the remaining
                          uses at the waterfront include a lobster pound    '
                          boat storage and repair shops, gifts shops, a
                          general store and restaurant, post office, and
                          residential homes and apartments. The remainder
                          of the village is residential and includes the
                          Biddeford Pool Community Club, the Biddeford Pool
                          Volunteer Fire Department,, a church, and the
                          clubhouse facilities of the Abenakee Club, a
                          private recreation club.    While the activities
                          within the village today are more diverse,
                          settlement patterns and architectural details
                          continue to exhibit the qualities and character of
                          a Maine Seacoast community.      The City should
                          consider designation of portions of Biddeford Pool
                          as an "historic district" in future zoning
                          studies.









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            4-5               Quality and character of a Maine Seacoast community






          Planning Zone Four

          WATERFROAT LAND USE

          I.And Use Districts %ithin Biddeford Pool

          Extending easterly and southerly from Biddeford
          Pool Village to the remainder of the peninsula are
          five distinct areas, described as follows:

               A primarily natural area between the village
               and the sandy beach contains isolated
               residential properties sited adjacent to
               freshwater ponds and wetland areas.

               A large residential area designed in a
               gridded pattern, extended towards East Point
               and South Point.    This neighborhood contains
               a mixture of permanent and seasonal single
               f amily homes, as well as a church and the
               historic Fletcher's Neck Life Saving Station.

               The Abenakee Golf Course is privately owned
               and contains approximately 50 acres of
               maintained grounds. Comprised of the highest
               terrain within the peninsula, the facility
               features excellent views of Saco Bay and open
               ocean waters. St. Martin's Church, located
               at the high point of land, is   contiguous with
               the golf course.




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                The Abenakee Goir Course and St. Martin's Church          4-6




















                               Beyond the Abenakee Golf Course and forming a
                               portion of the peninsula's north shore is a
                               cluster of residential estates, including one
                               built by former President Taft who frequented
                               the area during his presidency.

                               The East Point Sanctuary, a natural area
                               owned and managed by the Audubon Society, is
                               contiguous to the golf course and adjacent
                               residential estates.            Containing
                               approximately 9 acres and located at the
                               terminus of the peninsula at East Point, this
                               significant natural area offers views to
                               offshore islands, including the Wood Island
                               lighthouse.
                                              K,

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                            East Point Sanctuary offers gre   or educational
                                                  .,@at potential f
           4-7                 experiences associated vath tfie coastal landscape















          N4TURAL RESOURCES

          Planning Zone Four is comprised of a series of
          geologic environments exemplary of the southern
          extremity of the Maine coast.         The peninsula
          headlands, estuary systems, embayment systems and
          offshore islands combine to create a diverse
          waterfront landscape concentrated within a
          relatively small area.        These major natural
          resource systems are significant regionally and,
          in some cases, on a Statewide level.            These
          building blocks of the Biddeford waterfront
          include the following components:

               Wave-Shoal Platforms are submerged offshore
               glacial deposits found in water less than 30
               meters deep, from which islands may or may
               not project.. The major force acting on this
               depositional system is intense wave energy
               which is continually reworking and
               transporting the shoal sediments.

               Barrier Beaches exist -where off-shore
               deposits of sand and gravel, now submerged,
               have provided sufficient sediments for their
               creation. Barrier beaches are maintained by
               wave and wind action, which cyclicaly
               deposits sand (spring and summer), then
               removes these deposits (fall and winter) ,
               continuously altering the slope of the beach
               in the process.

               Tide Dominated Embayment systems are shallow
               bays where tidal action is more important
               than waves in depositional processes. Tide
               dominated embayments characteristically
               contain a number of flat environments,
               estuarine marshes along their landward
               margins, and incised channels at their
               seaward margin.

               Fine-Grained Estuaries develop at the mouths
               of rivers that have moderate to large flows
               and relatively unprotected mouths at the
               ocean.   Major sediments are silt and clay,
               transported as suspended sediments in the
               river or brought in by the tide from offshore
               depoSitS.0                                                  4-8




















                         Understanding these coastal geologic components is
                         important as they f orm the underlying structure
                         for natural processes.      For example, barrier
                         beaches are dependent upon the cyclical f low of
                         sediments; activities which interfere with the
                         normal onshore-offshore transport of sediments
                         threaten the continued existence of the entire
                         system.

                         Camp Ellis is another poignant example.        Many
                         experts believe that the man-constructed jetties
                         at the Saco River mouth deflect sediment transport
                         northward to Pine Point, starving Camp Ellis of
                         the sediment it requires for stability.         The
                         problems here are certainly more complex and, as
                         it should be, studies will be conducted in the
                         near future  to evaluate the impact of the jetties
                         upon these    geologic, components and natural
                         processes.







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                                                     7
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            4-9             Geologic environments comprising the Biddeford Coastline






          Planning Zone Four

          NATURAL RESOURCES

          Tidal Environments

          Tidal environments composing the Biddeford
          waterfront include sand dunes, sand beaches,
          cobble beaches, ledge, mud flats and salt marshes.
          As with understanding geologic systems, it is
          important to understand these basic tidal
          classifications.     In the final analysis, the
          knowledge of a tidal environment is more valuable
          than knowing that a particular wildlife species
          which lives there is rated as "significant" or
          "protected-"    While awareness   of an individual
          species may be important, one     may overlook the
          planning considerations which are critical to
          survival *of the other species and the tidal
          environment itself.
          Supratidal Environments are located above the mean high water
          mark.

          Example:  Sand dunes along Mile Stretch Road,
                    Biddeford Pool.

          Habitat:  Beach grass, beach plum, heather,
                    herring gull, killdeer, sanderling,
                    plover.

          Planning considerations: Protection of sediment
                    transport function; retention of
                    stabilizing vegetation.














                                                   X






                                                                         4-10






                           Intertidal Environments are between the average low and
                           highwater marks.

                           Example:  High Salt Marshes associated with the
                                     Saco River.

                           Habitat:  Salt marsh cord grass, black rush, snowy
                                     egret, osprey, redwing blackbird, mud
                                     snail, flatworm.

                           Planning Considerations: Important breeding
                                     grounds for marine species, flood
                                     storage, and sediment retention.
                                     Extremely sensitive to any form of
                                     activity.













                                     DPW                :7k








                           Subtidal environments are located below mean low tide mark.

                           Example: Mud flats at the extremities of
                                     Biddeford Pool.

                           Habitat:  Lobster, clams, marine works, bluefish.

                           Planning Considerations: Sensitive to dredging
                                     and subject to pollution.


                                                      A. 17:-


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                Planning Zone Four

                IVILDUFE HUITAT

                These coastal environments provide habitat f or
                numerous permanent and migratory species.
                Following is a presentation of information
                respective to significant habitat and wildlife
                species from the City's 111989 Comprehensive Plan".
                It is important to note that the information
                presented represents the level of research and
                study conducted to date and is not conclusive as
                to all aspects of wildlife habitat which may
                exist.

                Habitat Location                    Significance                  Description

                 Biddeford Pool                       Regional                     Very inportant migratory shmvbird
                                                                                   flat and salt marsh for feeding and
                                                                                   Desting. Popular place for bird
                                                                                   matchers. Also, a large tidal flat
                                                                                   that supports a number of marine
                                                                                   invertebrate species. Algal
                                                                                   diversity in rocky area is bigh.

                 Wood Island                          State                        Nesting area for black crowned
                                                                                   night her=, glossy ibis, snowy
                                                                                   egrets, little blue herons, herring
                                                                                   gulls, black backed gulls and eider
                                                                                   ducks.


                 Libbyshearr.                         TOMI                         A large seaweed covered rock
                                                                                   eqmed at low tide that is used by
                                                                                   migratory shorebirds as a resting
                                                                                   place.

                 Stage Island                         State                        A coastal island attached to the
                                                                                   mainland at 3.ov-tide and used as a
                                                                                   resting area by barbor seal
                                                                                   seagulls and shorebirds.

                 Timber Point                         Tg=1                         Typical salt marsh which is manaued
                 Salt Marsh                                                        by the Rachel Carson National
                                                                                   Wildlife Refuge.

                 Beach Island                         New England                  A small rapidly eroding island of
                                                                                   loose stones which is used by 200
                                                                                   pairs of -       terns as a summer
                                                                                   nesting site.

                 Boyt Neck                            National                     Made up of lumpy granite rock such
                                                                                   that many P03.nts below upland
                                                                                   vegetation do not get submerged.
                                                                                   It is noted for its relatively high
                                                                                   species diversity and the
                                                                                   occurrence of several notewortby
                                                                                   species including brittlestars.
                                                                                                               4-12










                Following is an excerpt from a study entitled,
                "Significant Natural Resources of Biddeford Pool,
                IM[aine,,4 . prepared by John Lortie, Wildlife
                Biologist:

                Special Status Species


                The following table lists species that use Biddeford Pool yearly
                that have been accorded special status because of non-cyclical
                population declines.





                SPECIES                                    STATUS


                Bald Eagle                           Federally Endangered
                Peregrine Falcon
                Roseate Tern
                Piping Plover                        Federally Threatened
                Least Tern                           State Endangered .
                Common Tern                          State Special Concern
                Arctic Tern
                Water Pipit
                Black-crowned HIght-Heron            State Indeterminate Status
                Horned Lark                                    W
                Snowy Egret                          State Watch List
                Glossy Ibis
                American Black Duck
                Cooper's Hawk
                Semipalmated Plover
                Black-bellied Plover
                Ruddy Turnstone
                Whimbrel
                Greater Yellovlegs
                Lesser Yellovlegs
                White-rumped Sandpiper
                Least Sandpiper
                Dunlin
                Short-billed Dovitcher
                Semipalmated Sandpiper
                SanderlIng
                Bonaparte's Bull
                Black Tern
                Sharp-tailed Sparrov









          4-13






          Planning Zone tour

          WATER RESOURCES

          Water Quality

          According to the State classification system    for
          water quality, Biddeford Pool is rated as Class SB
          waters.





























          Water pollution from sewage effluent disposal is
          the primary issue relative to water quality.
          Biddeford Pool is currently a closed shellfish
          harvest area open only to digging requiring
          pretreatment and de-puration of clams.  There are
          no septage pump-out facilities for boats within
          the harbor.     During the 19801s, the City
          implemented a comprehensive sewerage treatment
          plan for the Biddeford Pool peninsula, combining
          treatment facilities 'with on-site disposal
          systems.







                                                                       4-14









                           Biddeford Pool-Harbor

                           In the year 1616, Captain Richard Vines, agent of
                           Sir Ferdinando Gorges of the Plymouth Company,
                           discovered the sheltered anchorage while sailing
                           the coast. As cold weather descended, Vines and
                           his company anchored their ships and spent the
                           winter months at the place they named Winter
                           Harbor. Today, Biddeford Pool is one of, if not
                           the most protected harbor on the coast between
                           Kittery and Portland.



                                                                       M













                                                                          Ono










                           "The Pool" is a shallow bay making     southwestward
                           from Wood Island Harbor inside Fletcher Neck,
                           which is the south shore of Wood Island Harbor.
                           The entrance, known as "the gut", is about 50
                           yards wide.

                           A dredged anchorage basin is southwestward of
                           Fisherman's Wharf@just inside the entrance to The
                           Pool.   Depths of. six feet are available in the
                           central part of the basin, with shoaling along the
                           entire perimeter of the basin.          Three stone
                           ice-breakers along the northeastern side of the
                           basin, constructed by the U. S. Army Corps of
                           Engineers, have not worked as originally planned.

                           Small craft anchor just inside the inner end of
                           the entrance, if there is room. No attempt should
                           be made to anchor in the Gut as the tidal currents
                                  a@zia6)











                           have considerable velocity and holding ground is
          4-15             poor.









          Planning Zone Four
          WATER RESOURCES

          Harbor Access Facilities

          The Biddeford Pool Yacht Club is a privately owned
          club for members only. This facility includes a
          main float with 200 feet of tie-up space, as well
          as a "T" wharf and gas dock with 60 feet of tie-up
          space. There is a gravel launching ramp next to
          the parking lot and well maintained clubhouse on
          the pier; the facility contains about 300 feet of
          shore frontage.      The club operates a launch
          service and operates as the local center for
          transient boat mooring allocation and transient
          boater services.



                                         4.51











                                                     1-










          The Biddeford Pool Fishermen's           Association
          operates a wooden pile, wooden-plank decked pier
          about 251 x 1501 with float landings. There are
          wooden piles along the long face and berthing
          space of about 200 feet. There is electricity on
          the dock, mechanical handling equipment and night
          lighting.   There is a small one-story, wood-frame
          building abutting the pier that is used as a bait
          shed. This facility is leased from the yacht club
          for use by the fishermen of the-area, so there are
            , 17_1













          no improved public access facilities for
          commercial fishermen at "the pool".                            4-16






                                      0=5 71-4 @_m K



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                                               .....................


                                                        - 75,@



                                                   3



                               Biddeford Pool Fishennen's Association Pier, 1991

                          Biddeford Pool Mini-Park, owned by the City, is a
                          2 acre parcel located at "the gut", the entrance
                          to the inner harbor.       The site is poorly
                          maintained and underutilized as a park; however,
                          this property provides the only public access to
                          the inner harbor and to Wood Island Harbor. In
                          addition, the site affords scenic views to Saco
                          Bay and offshore islands. There is a gravel beach
                          "launching area" utilized by area fishermen who
                          are not members of the Biddeford Pool Fishermen's
                          Association.   Currently, the Biddeford Harbor
                          Commission is pursuing permits to improve the
                          launching facilities and to provide parking
                          facilities at the site.   Docking facilities are
                          also planned  to -facilitate landings for both
                          commercial and recreational boaters.









                                           A




                                                     J.,





                                                                          RE
           4-17















         Planning Zone Four

         WATER RESOURCES
         Harbor Utilization and Capacity

         Utilization and capacity of the inner and outer
         harbors at Biddeford Pool varies on a seasonal
         basis. In summer months, both moorage areas reach
         capacity. Harbor user groups include commercial
         fishermen, recreational boaters and transient
         boaters, most of which are recreationall sailing
         the coast and mooring at Biddeford Pool for an
         evening.    In most years, during the month of
         August, President Bush frequents the waters with
         his entourage of Secret Servicemen and the U. S.
         Coast Guard.

         During winter months, the inner harbor belongs to
         the commercial fishermen.   The commercial harvest
         is primarily lobster; also operating from "the
         pool" are draggers and finfishing vessels. In the
         summer, the inner harbor swells to capacity with
         recreational boats which overflow into the outer
         moorage area in Wood Island Harbor. Recreational
         boaters, including transients, utilize the launch
         service provided by the Biddeford Pool Yacht Club.
         Based on aerial photographic analysis and
         discussions with Biddeford's. harbor masters,
         harbor utilization may be approximated as follows:


                              Inner       Outer      Total
         Winter Months:       Harbor      Harbor     moorincLs
         Commercial Boats         15         0         15
         Recreational Boats        0         0          0


                                                       15


         Summer Months:


         Commercial Boats        20          5         25
         Recreational Boats      50         75        125

                                                      150               4-18




































                         Currently, the Biddeford Harbormaster indicates
                         that there are approximately 10 applications
                         placed on the waiting list for new moorings.
                         Based on physical harbor conditions, navigation
                         requirements, and commercial fishing activities,
                         there is no additional capacity in the inner nor
                         outer harbors. Although maintenance dredging is
                         performed in moorage areas, additional dredging is
                         extremely difficult to implement due to possible
                         environmental impact and stringent State policies
                         respective to alteration of intertidal and
                         subtidal zones.

                         In the future,  the City may consider the use of
                         float systems   in lieu of moorings.      As these
                         floats do not rotate with wind and currents,
                         utilization of moorage areas is more efficient.
                         In considering the provision of increased harbor
                         utilization, careful thought must be given to the
                         adequacy of the adjacent shoreline. to support
                         increased parking and access facilities.         At
                         Biddeford Pool, there is little land available and
                         suitable for these facilities. In addition, one
                         must evaluate the.environmental, visual and social
                         impacts upon the village which may be associated
           4-19          with increased parking and access facilities.






          Planning Zone Four

          CULTURAL RESOURCES

          Summary of Cultural Facilities: Planning Zone Four

          University of New England:
               Education opportunities and social programs.

          Daughters of the American Revolution Monument
          (Bridge Road):
               Historic significance and maritime education.

          Biddeford Pool Community Club:
               community awareness and social activities.

          Fletcher's Neck Life Saving Station:
               Historic and architectural significance.

          East Point Sanctuary:
                      Lmental awareness and nature study.
               Enviror

          Wood Island Lighthouse:
               Maine coastal heritage and character.

          Stage island Monument:
               Maine coastal heritage and character.

          Fletcher's Neck Life Saving station, pictured on
          the following page, was formerly operated by the
          U. S. Coast Guard. Stage Island Monument, located
          in Wood Island Harbor, was constructed in 1825 as
          a day marker for fishermen.

          Planning Zone Four contains a wealth of cultural
          resources comprised of the historic maritime
          heritage of the coast,      in " addition to these
          present day facilities available to resident
          populations.   More importantly, however, is the
          cultural value derived from the scenic beauty of
          the natural landscape and, to some extent, the
          interplay between this landscape and the built
          environment.     There is great opportunity for
          educational experience associated with the natural
          and cultural which comprise the Biddeford
          waterfront.

          Efforts to promote cultural experiences in the
          Biddeford Pool area may be attributed to the
          Audubon Society which manages the East Point
          Sanctuary.     In addition, the Rachel Carson
          National Wildlife Refuge is active in its pursuit
          to preserve natural areas for educational
          purposes.     The Biddeford Pool Improvement
          Association,  a local organization, fosters the
          preservation and proper utilization of this
          special place known as "The Pool".                             4-20







































                                                        www,






                                   Fletcher's Neck We Saving Station near South Point, 1991
















                                   wow


              4-21                      Stage Island Monument in Wood Island Harbor








         Planning Zone Four

         PtMUC ACCESS AND RECREATION

         In addition to boating access facilities
         previously described, Planning Zone Four features
         numerous recreational facilities, highlighted by
         its extensive sandy beaches.   At Hills Beach, the
         beachfront extends from the jetties at Camp Ellis
         to the headland of the peninsula.     Several dead
         end streets provide public access to the beach;
         however, public parking facilities are not
         provided. Beachfront landowners are disgruntled
         with illegal parking on these dead end streets as
         "no parking" signs are posted in numerous
         locations.    In the summer of 1990, privately
         operated parking facilities provided access to the
         beach for non-local residents.

         The Biddeford Pool Public Beach, acquired by the
         City through eminent domain, is the primary access
         facility to local beaches.      The 7 acre parcel
         includes a bath house, parking for approximately
         97 cars, and 775 feet of sand beach.










                            Or












         Extending   easterly towards South    Point, the
         abutting property, containing the    Marie Joseph
         Convent, features an undeveloped shoreline with a
         classic sand dune environment.    To the west are
         private residential homes extending along
         Biddeford Pool Public Beach, Mile Stretch Road to
         Fortunes Rocks.
                                                                      4-22













                          Parking capacity at Biddeford Pool Beach has
                          reached its limit, as the City recently expanded
                          the parking area.    Local residents opposed the
                          expansion, citing visual impacts and concern for
                          the fragile wetland environment adjacent to the
                          facilities. The remainder of the 7 acre property
                          is unsuitable for expanded parking due to the
                          presence of coastal wetlands.  In recent summers,
                          privately operated 'parking facilities have been
                          provided at Hatties Deli, across Mile Stretch Road
                          from the public beach.

                          The City also operates a small parking area with
                          access to the beach .(20 vehicles) at the
                          intersection of Bridge Street and Mile Stretch
                          Road.

                          Within the Mile Stretch Road corridor, it is
                          reported that there are numerous pedestrian rights
                          of way currently not utilized. Based on sensitive
                          environmental conditions and impacts upon
                          beachfront landowners, it would not be  appropriate
                          to suggest additional parking areas which could
                          access these rights of way; however, they
                          potentially have great value for landowners on
                          "the pool side of the stretch", as well as for
                          pedestrians, joggers and bicyclists.

















                           77f 1@@
                                                                       -Z


          4-23











          Planning Zone Four

          PUBUC ACCESS AND RECREATION

          Fortunes Rocks Beach

          At the southern extremity of the arcuate sand
          beach extending to Biddeford Pool, the beach at
          Fortunes Rocks offers many opportunities for
          recreational activities.  This beach is popular
          for its surf and is frequented by surfers during
          spring and fall months.  Ice skating is popular
          here in the winter, as the rare occurrence of
          freshwater ponds exist within a few feet of the
          sand beach.

          Public safety is a major concern at Fortunes
          Rocks. Fortunes Rocks Road is narrow as its width
          is physically restricted by the "seawall" on one
          side and the freshwater ponds on the opposite
          side.  During summer months, this narrow area
          involves two-way traffic, beach parking, bicycle
          traffic and numerous pedestrians burdened with
          beach paraphernalia.   The Fortunes Rocks Beach
          Association operates a small recreation facility
          here, creating additional pedestrian activity.










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               Public safety is a major concern at Fortunes Rocks    .4-24

















                         The seawall itself poses additional safety
                         problems at Fortunes Rocks.        Constructed of
                         irregular granite slabs, there are many voids in
                         the stones and broken glass is prevalent here.
                         The City provides a few wooden stairs over the
                         seawall; however, access to these locations is
                         difficult as pedestrians are forced to utilize the
                         linear, congested roadway.       The other choice
                         available is to unload the vehicle and scramble
                         over the seawall to the beach.         During this
                         loading/unloading process, moving traffic is only
                         a few feet away, creating particular safety
                         hazards for children unaware of danger.





















                         During  winter months,     Fortunes  Rocks is an
                         altogether different place. Major storms    unleash
                         tremendous power in wave action that effortlessly
                         toss boulder-sized stones beyond the seawall onto
                         the roadway.    Following these events, the City
                         must often remove the debris. using heavy
                         equipment. Inasmuch, any plans to improve summer
                         safety conditions must account for the winter
           4-25          storms and power of the sea.












          Planning Zone Four

          PUBUC ACCESS AND RECREATION

          Beach Access and Capacity

          It is clear that access to and parking facilities
          at Biddeford's public beaches is currently
          inadequate.   The increase in local population and
          accelerated demand placed upon these resources by
          regional populations will exacerbate the current
          situation. As the City contemplates solutions to
          this problem, careful consideration must be given
          to impacts on the natural environment and coastal
          landowners.       Most importantly, however,
          consideration must be given to the population
          capacity of beach areas. During high tides, how
          many people can the beach accommodate?           Most
          importantly, the evaluation must be made between
          the amount of access permitted weighed against the
          quality of the recreational experience upon
          arrival ............






















                   jr




          Access capacity effects the quality of the recreational experience 4-26







                         A Summer Playground

                         During summer months, Biddeford Pool is a popular
                         destination for resident and non-resident
                         populations.     Alive with boaters, beachgoers,
                         bicyclists, joggers and birdwatchers, "The Pool"
                         provides spectacular scenery and ambience in which
                         these people recreate. In addition to boating and
                         beach access facilities in the area, the following
                         sites provide for different forms of recreation:

                         Abenakee Club             a  50 acre private club
                                                      with 9 holes of golf,
                                                      tennis courts and
                                                      croquet lawns.

                         East Point Sanctuary      0  9 acre nature preserve
                                                      owned by Audubon; no
                                                      parking nor
                                                      interpretive
                                                      facilities provided.

                         Offshore Islands             Wood Island (30 acres)
                                                      with automated
                                                      lighthouse and Stage
                                                      Island (9 acres) owned
                                                      by Audubon.
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                               10

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             4-27                         East Point Sanctuary






                          Planning Zone Four

                          ANALYSIS AM POLICY DEWLOPMENT

                          1.   Ensure the perpetuity of access to coastal
                               waters for commercial fishermen.

                                   The Biddeford Pool Fishermens Association
                                   holds a long-term lease with the
                                   Biddeford Pool Yacht Club for access
                                   purposes. Facilities include a parking
                                   area, wharf and dinghy tie-up space.
                                   This lease, in effect until the year
                                   2010, does not ensure the perpetuity of
                                   access for commercial fishermen; however,
                                   the lease relationship has been generally
                                   satisfactory to both parties.

                                   A limited number of fishermen who are not
                                   members of the association currently
                                   utilize the City Landing at the Gut in
                                   Biddeford Pool.   There are no facilities
                                   at the City Landing, and area residents
                                   have complained about the litter, odors,
                                   and lack of bathroom facilities at this
                                   location.


                          2.   Plan for the future needs of recreation and
                               public access to coastal areas, while
                               minimizing the impacts associated with public
                               access upon coastal villages and
                               neighborhoods, environmentally sensitive
                               areas, and coastal waters.

                                   It is certain that the future demand for
                                   public access will continue to increase
                                   with population growth, both within
                                   Biddeford and within the New England
                                   region. It is equally certain that there
                                   is a limit to which the coastal areas can
                                   accommodate this increased demand.

                          3.   Coordinate future planning efforts with the
                               special needs and future plans of the
                               University of New England (UNE).     UNE is a
                               valuable component of this section of the
                               waterfront and its future needs should be
                               addressed by    the City,' to the extent
                               possible.

                                   Respective to public access to the
                                   waterfront,  recreation opportunities and
                                   @ducational  experience activities, there
                                   is a great  opportunity for the City and
                                   UNE to mutually benefit from planned
              4-28                 coordination efforts.

















               Improve the utilization and management of
               harbor areas and navigation areas.

                   Adequate mooring areas at Biddeford Po  ol
                   and within the Saco River are currently
                   limited, and expansion potential is
                   limited by regulatory constraints. The
                   City should maximize the use of mooring
                   areas by improving its mooring plans and
                   should consider the use of moored floats
                   and other systems which are more
                   space-efficient than point moorings.

          5.   Promote the retention of open space and the
               protection of environmentally sensitive areas
               and water quality in coastal areas.

                   The Biddeford Pool area contains unique,
                   natural resources of Statewide
                   importance, including coastal and
                   freshwater wetlands, migratory habitat,
                   and numerous marine species.    The City
                   should continue to evaluate the
                   importance of retaining these areas and
                   measure the effectiveness of development
                   regulations.as future growth continues to
                   threaten the loss of these resources.

                   The Rachel Carson National wildlife
                   Refuge has designated acquisition
                   boundaries in this area and seeks to
                   acquire land from willing landowners.
                   The Refuge is currently in the
                   preliminary planning stages of providing
                   access to sites within the Refuge for
                   environmental education facilities.     As
                   this objective is a key component of the
                   Waterfront Plan, the City should
                   coorainate its plans with those being
                   planned by the Refuge.

                   Currently polluted shellfish beds and
                   clamming areas should be managed so as to
                   improve water quality and re-open these
                   areas for recreational and commercial
                   utilization.                                      4-29,






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                                                 Stage Is.                     is.                   Ism
         Protected Natural Area                  Monument          Stage                                   East Point
         Undeveloped Natural Area
                                                                    Ism
         Developed Area                                                                                         -17
         University of N.E.
         Abenaki Recreation Area

          Camp Elli                      Basket
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                                                                                               Pond
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                                                                                              11. Hills Beach Swimming Area
                                                                                             12. Mile Stretch Beach Access
     Old
                                                                                             13- Biddeford Pool Beach
                                                                                             14. Commercial Fishing Pier
                                                                                             1S, Biddeford Pool Yacht Club
                                                        T H E                                    Biddeford City Landing
                                                                                             17. East Point Sanctuary
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                                                                                                      Planning'Zone 5
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                         Planning Zone Five

                         WATERFRONT MD USE

                         As much of this area is comprised of the Little
                         River Estuary, land uses are limited to the three
                         headlands which rise above the ocean. Hoyts Neck
                         and Granite Point, the two northernmost headlands,
                         are densely populated with year round and seasonal
                         residential homes.      Public water service is
                         available; however, septage   disposal is provided
                         by individual on-site septic systems. Due to the
                         limited areas suitable for    construction, these
                         neighborhoods are densely     developed and enjoy
                         their close proximity,to the  natural coastline.



















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                         The  third  headland,   Timber  Point,   is mostly
                         undeveloped as the majority of  land is owned by a
                         private individual. Timberland Island, offshore
                         from Timber Point, is also undeveloped.          The
                         Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge owns and
                         maintains significant conservation lands in this
            5-1          area and throughout the Little River Estuary.












           Planning Zone Five

           NATURU RESOURCES

           little River Estuary

           Differing from the Saco River with its large flow
           volumes which carry sediments to the ocean, the
           Little River is more influenced by tidal action
           which carries sediment deposits into the estuary.
           The Little River is characteristic of coarse
           grained estuaries which are composed of salt
           marshes, estuarine channels, barrier sand spits
           and flood-tidal deltas.

           While densely populated with residential homes,
           Hoyts Neck is classified as a nationally
           significant natural resource area due to the
           occurrence of numerous unusual plant and wildlife
           species. "The Hoyt Neck Marine Invertebrate Area
           is comprised of dome-like granite rock formations
           wherein many points below upland vegetation do not
           get submerged."'








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                  Tidal action carries sediment into the estuary.     5-2



















                          The supratidal, Intertidal and subtidal natural
                          resources within Planning Zone Five support a
                          wealth and diversity of plant, marine, and
                          wildlife species.     The expansive salt marshes
                          within the Little River Estuary are particularly
                          significant in this capacity.





                                                               P 7



                          -L7                                 IV









                          The Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge  manages
                          significant acres within the estuary. Similar to
                          the organization's activities in the Biddeford
                          Pool area, Rachel Carson Refuge has identified
                          acquisition boundaries within Planning Zone Five.
                          The acquisition boundary includes land owned by
                          the Refuge and land to be purchased from willing
                          sellers.    The Friends of Rachel Carson are
                          generally concerned with protecting coastal
                          wetlands and estuarine systems. This involves not
                          only protecting wetlands, but also the upland
            5-3           "critical edge."

























           Planning Zone Five

           WATER RESOURCES

           Marine resources in this area include numerous
           species, including lobster. These waters serve as
           an important commercial harvest area for local
           fishermen. The waters of Horseshoe Cove, Curtis
           Cove and New Bain Cove, however, are not suitable
           for access and mooring basins due to bottom
           conditions, wave action and currents, and exposure
           to open ocean waters.

           Water quality data is not available for this area;
           however, it is probable that pollution results
           from on-site septic systems within densely
           populated areas, particularly:at Hoyt's Neck and
           GranitePoint.



           ACCESS, RECREATION and CULTURAL RESOURCES

           Planning Zone Five does not contain public access
           to the coast, nor any public recreation or
           cultural facilities. This area, accessible only
           from Granite Point Road, an inconspicuous turn
           from Route Nine, is very much a "hidden secret"
           within Biddeford.   Given the scarcity of these
           places within Maine and its remote location within
           the City, this secret is most appropriately kept
           to those who are aware of its existence.                   5-4











                          Planning Zone Five

                          ANUYSIS AM POUCY DEVELOPMENT

                          1.    Evaluate the impact of existing and f uture
                                development upon environmentally sensitive
                                areas and coastal waters.

                                ï¿½   Granite Point and Hoyts Neck have
                                    experienced substantial development in
                                    recent years. As a long range objective,
                                    the City should consider the impact f rom
                                    septage disposal as well as other impacts
                                    associated with increased development.
                                ï¿½   The Hoyts Neck Marine Invertebrate Area
                                    is nationally significant due to its
                                    unique geological formation and
                                    associated plant and wildlife habitat.
                                    This area is vulnerable to adverse
                                    impacts due to its proximity to developed
                                    areas.


                          2.    Promote the. retention of open space        and
                                protection of environmentally sensitive
                                areas.   The coastal areas and Little River
                                estuary contain significant natural resources
                                and wildlife. habitat areas.     Several area
                                landowners, have designated land as
                                conservation easements and the Rachel Carson
                                Refuge continues to seek additional property
                                acquisition in these areas.

                                    While the City strongly encourages
                                    landowners to designate conservation
                                    areas, it is cumbersome for the City to
                                    assume control of these lands,         and.
                                    prefers that such easements are dedicated
                                    to the Rachel Carson Refuge.

                          3.    Limit public access to these areas and retain
                                the existing "hidden" nature of these areas.

                                    Because there are no public access
                                    destination points, and because most
                                    areas are comprised of residential
                                    neighborhoods or unique natural areas,
                                    access should be limited to low key
              5-5                   activities.








                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Granite                                                                                                   ..:..Timber Point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Point
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   . ............. %  ....           -X-
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ....... ...
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ..................
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .. .. ............
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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ...............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    deford
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               City of Bid
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                                                           19. Fortunes Rock Beach. Access                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       a           X.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ... .............
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Waterfront
                                                         20. 'Fortunes Rocks Beach Association                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Plan





                                    














                              
                                         plan implementation

 












                           Implementation Strategy

                           rMODUCTION

                           The implementation strategy is comprised of a
                           series of recommendations which are based upon the
                           analysis and policy development section of this
                            lan. The overall strategy is multifaceted as it
                           involves-the participation of private landowners
                           and land developers, as well as the City itself.
                           Furthermore, the strategy provides a framework for
                           short-term redevelopment activity, as well as
                           long-term control over waterfront and harbor
                           utilization.     Finally, it is important to
                           recognize the context in which this plan has been
                           developed.

                           Acceptance of this plan does not ensure that the
                           City can begin to immediately implement all of the
                           recommendations contained herein.          As this
                           document is developed as a "tool kit" for future
                           planning efforts and specific projects, many
                           recommendations are based on a long range
                           implementation process.       In addition, many
                           recommendations require further study and detailed
                           design evaluation not afforded by this effort.
                           Finally, zoning ordinance recommendations and
                           fiscal budget expenditures will be further
                           scrutinized prior to implementation and adoption
                           by the City.


                           RECOMMENDATIONS

                           Recommendations presented herein are made in
                           response to the policies set forth within the
                           plan.   Each recommendation is correlated to a
                           specific objective established by the Waterfront
                           and Harbor Management Plan Committee.             In
                           addition,  sources for technical and financial
                           assistance have been. identified to support the
             6-1           implementation efforts by the City of Biddeford.











          DESCRIPFIVE SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS


          General Recommendations

          G-1        Develop a Joint Saco River/Harbor
                     Authority with the City of Saco to
                     coordinate interlocal management of the
                     river corridor.     (See Appendices for
                     specific requirements of this
                     Authority).

          G-2        Assign the  city Planning Director with
                     the responsibility of implementation of
                     the recommendations contained herein,
                     with support from additional City
                     personnel and committees appropriate.

          G-3        Improve the maintenance of existing city
                     facilities, including public access and
                     recreation sites prior to the
                     implementation of additional facilities.

          G-4        Require the retention of natural
                     vegetation along waterfront collector
                     roads and at the edges of agricultural
                     fields, for all future development
                     projects.  In the case where no natural
                     vegetation exists, the City should
                     require a planted buffer strip utilizing
                     mixed vegetation similar to local
                     vegetation species.    This requirement
                     should apply to subdivisions of land, as
                     well as individual development projects.
                     To the extent possible, the City should
                     assist landowners in cases where planted
                     vegetation is required.

          G-5        Encourage the retention of natural
                     vegetation and limited encroachment of
                     structures along the Saco River and
                     coastal areas, including associated
                     riparian zones, wetlands and floodplains
                     in excess of Shoreland Zoning setback
                     requirements, for all new development
                     projects.     Consider the following
                     provisions as a means of promoting this
                     objective:

                     A. Cluster    development performance
                         standards.                                       6-2







                                    B.  Contract zoning incentives and
                                        agreements.
                                    C.  Transfer of Development Rights
                                        between private landowners.

                                    D.  Conservation easements f rom private
                                        landowners.


                                    E . coordination with conservation land
                                        acquisition by Federal and State
                                        agencies and private interest
                                        groups.

                          G-6       Amend the zoning ordinances to require
                                    specific sedimentation/eros ion control
                                    plans for all new development projects.
                                    Enforcement of the submitted plans
                                    should be implemented by the City; cost
                                    for inspection services should be borne
                                    by project applicants.

                          G-7       Coordinate water quality control and
                                    testing with the Saco River Corridor
                                    Commission, the Department of
                                    Environmental Protection, the City of
                                    Saco,  and "upriver" municipalities
                                    through the S.M.R.P.C.      Measure the
                                    cumulative future impact on water
                                    quality created by existing and future
                                    development, recreational power boats,
                                    and other activities on the river.

                          G@8       Coordinate tourism and economic
                                    development efforts with the City of
                                    Saco and with regional municipalities.

                          G-9       Implement a comprehensive program which
                                    promotes education and experience
                                    potential for Biddeford residents
                                    respective to the following:

                                    A. NATURAL RESOURCES


                                           Upland environments
                                           River environments
                                           Coastal environments


                                    B.  WATER RESOURCES


                                           Watersheds and regional
                                           management
             6-3                           Public water supply











                           Water impoundment and
                           hydroelectricity

                           Sewerage collection treatment

                           Navigation safety and boating
                           regulations

                    C. CULTURAL RESOURCES

                           Historic aspects of the City's
                           waterfront


                           Present facilities available to
                           residents


                           Commercial utilization of the
                           waterfront

                    Implementation components include
                    incorporation of the program within the
                    school system, utilization of media and
                    local forums, and construction of
                    facilities providing access and
                    interpretive signage.   The City should
                    coordinate these efforts with local,
                    regional and State agencies and private
                    interest groups sharing common
                    objectives.


          Planning Zone One

          1-1       Conduct a detailed si te selection study
                    to identify a public access site for
                    canoes and other light watercraft on the
                    upper section of the river.           The
                    selected site should be easily
                    accessible from South Street or River
                    Road; should be located in an
                    environmentally suitable area; and
                    should be located so as to minimize the
                    impact on adjacent landowners.

          1-2       once identified, obtain first rights of
                    refusal or purchase option for the
                    selected site.

          1-3       Pursue funding assistance and secure
                    professional design services to design
                    the access facility.         Construct,
                    maintain, and enforce regulations
                    salient to the use of the facility.                6-4







                            1-4        Contact the Biddeford-Saco Water Company
                                       to explore the potential for public
                                       access to this facility as part of the
                                       comprehensive education program for City
                                       residents. Develop a design program and
                                       use agreement with the Biddeford and
                                       Saco Water Company to implement use of
                                       the facility.


                            Planning Zone Two


                            2-1        Develop a master plan for the City-owned
                                       property on the River west of Elm
                                       Street.      (This is a 9ï¿½ acre site
                                       formerly owned by Diamond Match
                                       Company).    If the City should consider
                                       this parcel for sale and redevelopment
                                       by private investors, however, the
                                       waterfront areas should be required to
                                       maintain public access and open space.
                                       The design program should include
                                       limited parking, should be oriented to
                                       the needs of the surrounding
                                       neighborhood, and should provide for
                                       linkage with Rotary Park and downtown
                                       waterfront parks in Biddeford and in
                                       Saco.


                            2-2        Snow dump areas west of the railroad
                                       (near the Diamond parcel) pose an
                                       environmental hazard to water quality;
                                       the City should locate a new site more
                                       acceptable for snow storage.

                            2-3        Update the Master Plan for the City's
                                       Water Street Redevelopment District in
                                       coordination with the City of Saco.
                                       Incorporate the following elements into
                                       the  Master Plan:


                                       A.   This site should serve as "the heart
                                            of the Biddeford Waterfront" and
                                            should be planned as the catalyst
                                            for improvement of the Biddeford
                                            Waterfront and surrounding urban
                                            areas.


                                       B.   Utilization of the site should
                                            include attracting tourism and the
                                            promotion of economic development;
                                            however, improvements should serve
                                            the needs of the surrounding
                                            neighborhoods, as well.
               6-5









       C.  The City should consider development
           of this site with a theme such as
           "The Southern Maine Maritime Centerif
           which should be advertised through
           Statewide tourist programs and the
           Biddeford-Saco Chamber of Commerce.

       D.  The design program for the site
           should include the following
           elements:

           1)  Retain the view to the river
               from Main Street traveling
               north.

           2)* Provide limited parking and
               retain the majority of the site
               as open space and for pedestrian
               activities.

           3)  P r o v i d e  educational/
               interpretative exhibits or
               amenities which describe the
               history of the City and its
               relationship to the seacoast.

           4)  Promote seasonal events at the
               site where tourists and
               residents can witness or
               participate in activities which
               exemplify a Maine coastal
               community. Examples may include
               boat building, repair of fishing
               nets or lobster traps, or other
               activities historically
               appropriate to the City.

           5)  Include a tall ship or similar
               vessel to be moored at the site.
               If possible, retain a chartered
               vessel service where people
               could embark on cruises on the
               Saco River or further out to

               sea.


           6)  Develop a promenade at the
               water's edge, as well as boat
               slips on the water. Extend this
               promenade along the waterfront,
               including the land of the sewage
               treatment plant and connecting
               to Rum 'ery's boatyard. Assign an
               agent to control and maintain
               boat slips.                                             6-6








                                        7)   A)    Future planning of the
                                                   sewage treatment plant
                                                   should allow for
                                                   pedestrian movement at
                                                   the river's edge.

                                             B)    Dome covers should be
                                                   planned for open
                                                   treatment basins;
                                                   architectural treatment
                                                   should be compatible with
                                                   neighborhood improvement
                                                   projects.

                                        8)   Dredging of the river is
                                             necessary in the vicinity of
                                             the project site and Rumery's
                                             boatyard to ensure the safety
                                             of navigation in this area.
                                             The City should continue to
                                             pursue this matter with the U.
                                             S. Army Corps of Engineers.
                                             Consider the White's Wharf site
                                             as a dredge spoil deposit site;
                                             evaluate this consideration
                                             respective to the planned use
                                             of the property.

                                        9)   Implement a facade renovation/
                                             improvement program for the
                                             buildings on Water Street
                                             across from the project site.
                                             Through Community development
                                             Block Grants or other funding
                                             sources, restore the structures
                                             with respect for historical
                                             accuracy and style (28-35 Water
                                             Street buildings are currently
                                             on the historic register).


                          2-4       Encourage adjacent mill owners to work
                                    with the City in the future to provide"
                                    for pedestrian access along the river.
                                    Because these structures directly abut
                                    the river, efforts should be made to
                                    alter existing buildings to allow public
                                    access to the waterfront edge.      While
                                    this is a long-range and aggressive
                                    undertaking, the river would be no
                                    longer "hidden from the City".     In so
                                    doing, these buildings could support
                                    future retail shops, restaurants, or
                                    other uses to capture economic benefit.
              6-7












          2-5       The City should encourage future
                    development/renovat ion projects in the
                    High Street area ("the hill") which
                    preserves the view to the Saco River.
                    Zoning amendments to increase density,
                    establish building height restrictions
                    and view corridors should be analyzed.

          2-6       Develop an inter-city public access
                    master plan with the City of Saco. The
                    master plan should develop an overall
                    strategy for parking requirements,
                    public parks and open space, including
                    pedestrian linkage.   Within Biddeford,
                    explore the potential to implement "The
                    Riverwalk", a pedestrian/park route from
                    Rotary Park to the Water Street site or
                    "Southern Maine Maritime Center. Of
                    Encourage the development of access from
                    urban neighborhoods to the primary route
                    and waterfront parks.

          2-7       Identify the sewerage treatment plant as
                    having opportunities supportive of the
                    educational aspect of the plan.

          2-8       Identify the hydroelectric dam and
                    proposed fishways as             having
                    opportunities supportive        of the
                    educational aspect of the plan.


          Planning Zone Three

          3-1       Finalize negotiations with the U.S. Army
                    Corps of Engineers for dredging of the
                    Saco River Federal channel as this need
                    is becoming critical for commercial
                    goods exportation. Document this need
                    with facts and figures associated with
                    Honeycomb Systems and other existing and
                    potential commercial users.

          3-2       obtain rights of first refusal or a
                    purchase option for the open field
                    adjacent to St. Andres Health Care
                    Center on Route Nine.     This property
                    affords excellent views of the river
                    and, if acquired, would preserve
                    important open space and passive
                    recreation opportunities.                          6-8







                          3-3       Pursue funding assistanbe and secure
                                    professional design services to design
                                    the access facility. Construct,
                                    maintain, and enforce regulations
                                    salient to the use of the facility.

                          3-4       Identify the original City meetinghouse
                                    as an opportunity for the educational
                                    aspect of the plan. Encourage linkage
                                    via pedestrian walks between the old
                                    meetinghouse,    proposed St.     Andres
                                    acquisition site, and the State boat
                                    ramp.
                          Planning Zone Four

                          4-1       Pursue the development of a new public
                                    pier of f of Hills Beach Road near the
                                    University of New England. The City has
                                    a public  landing on the Saco River;
                                    however, additional land would be
                                    necessary for parking facilities. The
                                    City should investigate historical
                                    records pertaining to the exact
                                    configuration of Jts ownership
                                    boundaries. The City and the University
                                    should seek to develop this facility to
                                    the benefit of both parties. A portion
                                    of the site should be reserved for
                                    commercial fishermen.   The City should
                                    accelerate this project as there are
                                    still remnants of old pilings in the
                                    river and, as such, permitting may be
                                    facilitated while these pilings remain.

                          4-2       Upon reaching agreement with UNE, the
                                    City should obtain professional design
                                    services to design the access facility.
                                    Construct, and maintain the facility;
                                    enforce regulations pertinent to the use
                                    of the facility.

                          4-3       Improve public access conditions at the
                                    City Landing at Biddeford Pool.       The
                                    Biddeford Harbor Commission has
                                    developed plans to improve this site.
                                    These plans have been developed in
                                    advance of this planning effort;
                                    however, to the extent possible,
                                    proposed improvements should incorporate
                                    pedestrian access to the shoreline, as
                                    well as landscaped areas within the
                                    project site.   Public restrooms should
                                    be provided and maintained by the City.
             6-9











          4-4       Implement the use of float berthing
                    systems in lieu of point moorings to
                    increase navigation capability within
                    Biddeford Pool harbors.     Continue to
                    restrict additional use of the harbors
                    in the absence of suitable waterfront
                    sites for parking/support facilities.

          4-5       The City should periodically communicate
                    with the Biddeford Pool Fishermens
                    Association, the Biddeford Harbor
                    Commission, and local fishermen to
                    ensure adequate access to Biddeford Pool
                    for commercial fishermen.

          4-6       In planning for the future demand for
                    commercial fishing activity, the City
                    should consider the development of a
                    commercial fishing facility to ensure
                    the perpetuity of water access for
                    commercial fishermen.      The facility
                    should be located with access to the
                    inner harbor at Biddeford Pool.
                    Biddeford Pool, one of the few truly
                    protected harbors between Kittery and
                    Portland, will always attract commercial
                    users for its area of refuge from severe
                    weather.

                    At this time, environmental regulations
                    and property ownership, inhibit the
                    potential for this facility to be
                    implemented in the near future, however,
                    these conditions may improve in the
                    future.     The Waterfront Planning
                    Committee recommends that the City
                    commit itself to. ensuring the
                    opportunity for this maritime industry
                    to remain a part of Biddeford's
                    heritage.

          4-7       Restrict additional access to local
                    beaches    in accordance with the
                    objectives to avoid negative impacts on
                    the natural environment and existing
                    residential neighborhoods, to avoid
                    overcrowded beaches, and to promote the
                    high quality of recreational experience
                    available currently.



                                                                      6-10









                           4-8        Improve conditions at Fortunes Rocks
                                      swimming beach in order to maximize
                                      pedestrian safety.         The current
                                      congestion involves moving traf f ic in
                                      pedestrian areas and hazardous access to
                                      the beach over stone riprap.           The
                                      Waterfront Committee has contemplated
                                      reorganization of parking areas and
                                      development of curbing and pedestrian
                                      sidewalks; however, specific studies
                                      must be undertaken respective to storm
                                      damage and possible destruction of these
                                      improvements.

                           4-9        Numerous pedestrian right-of -ways exist
                                      along Mile Stretch Road, within
                                      Biddeford Pool and in the Fortunes Rocks
                                      area, however, are not marked or signed4
                                      The City should undertake a study of
                                      property records and should establish
                                      increased public access to waterfront
                                      areas through utilization of these
                                      right-of-ways by pedestrians,
                                      bicyclists, and area landowners.

                           4-10       The City should contact the Department
                                      of Marine Resources to arrange for
                                      periodic testing f or contamination of
                                      clam beds.     Winter months should be
                                      included in the testing program, as
                                      contamination levels may decrease at
                                      this time of year.

                                      The City should work with D.M.R. on long
                                      range plans for the removal of
                                      contamination and re-opening of the
                                      flats for commercial and recreational
                                      clamming.

                           4-11       Identify the East Point Sanctuary, Wood
                                      Island and Stage Island as having
                                      opportunities supportive of the
                                      educational aspects of the plan           '
                                      Coordinate this effort with the Audubon
                                      Society.


                           Planning Zone Five

                           5-1        The City should conduct a study of
                                      groundwater impact from septage disposal
                                      and should develop a long-range plan to
                                      provide sewage treatment for these
            6-11                      areas.









         5-2        The City should encourage additional
                    conservation easements from landowners;
                    however, should adopt a policy whereby
                    the control of such easements would be
                    assumed by non-City agencies, such as
                    the Rachel Carson Refuge.

         5-3        Identify the Hoyts Neck Marine
                    Invertebrate Area and Little River
                    Estuary as having opportunities
                    supportive of the educational aspects of
                    the plan. Coordinate this effort with
                    the Rachel Carson Refuge.







































                                                                     6-12




















                            
                                               appendices









                          Appendix A

                          TECKWAL AINb FEMICIAL ASSISTANICE


                          TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

                          Coastal commu nities working to protect water
                          dependent uses or develop other strategies to
                          implement Maine's Coastal Policies can obtain
                          technical assistance from the coastal planning
                          staff at the office of Comprehensive Planning,
                          Department of Economic and community Development,
                          Station #130, Augusta, ME 04333.  For information
                          or assistance, please contact Francine Rudoff,
                          Kirk Schlemmer, or Tamara Risser at 289-6800.
                          Additional assistance may be obtained from the
                          following organizations:

                          Southern Maine Regional Planning Commission
                          Box Q, 2 School Street
                          Sanford, ME 04073
                          Contact: Madge Baker at 324-2952

                          Other sources of technical assistance include the
                          following organizations:

                          Maine Coast Heritage Trust (MCHT)
                          P. 0. Box 416
                          Topsham, ME 04096
                          729-7366

                          or
                          P. 0. Box 426
                          Northeast Harbor, ME 04662
                          276-5156


                          MCHT promotes conservation of Maine's coastline
                          and islands by negotiating gifts of land and
                          easements to conservation organizations.      MCHT
                          offers professional advice and assistance to land
                          owners, land trusts, and municipalities.

                          Maine municipal Association (MMA)
                          Community Drive
                          Augusta, ME 04330
                          623-8428

                          MMA provides assistance to towns in developing
                          zoning ordinances, local code enforcement and
                          legal affairs.














           Financial Assistance

           A number of sources also provide financial
           assistance to Maine communities to support
           projects which enhance opportunities for
           waterfront and harbor improvements. ,

           Coastal Planning Grants are available for
           municipal waterfront and harbor planning
           activities.    These activities should result in
           implementation strategies to further Maine's
           Coastal Policies.        Contact the Office of
           Comprehensive Planning, Department of Economic and
           Community Development, 289-6800.

           Coastal Implementation Grants are available for
           the development of zoning ordinances, harbor
           ordinances, detailed public access plans, and
           other implementation efforts.   Contact the office
           of Comprehensive Planning, Department of Economic
           and Community Development, 289-6800.

           community Revitalization Grants are available,for
           downtown revitalization, housing rehabilitation
           public facility improvements, and other local
           programs that benefit low and moderate income
           people.

           For further information, contact the Office of
           Community Development, Department of Economic &
           Community Development, 289-6800.

           Land & Water Conservation Fund Grants            are
           available to support the acquisition and/or
           development of outdoor recreation facilities,
           including waterfront parks.

           For further information, contact the Office of
           Comprehensive Planning, Department of Economic &
           Community Development, 289-6800.

           Boating Facilities Program award grants for the
           acquisition development and improvement of state,
           regional or local recreational boat access sites.
           Funds for the program are derived from the state
           gasoline tax.

           For further information, contact the Bureau of
           Parks & Recreation, -Department of Conservation,
           289-3821.























                           The Xaine Department of Transportation may have
                           funding available as MDOT has conducted a
                           State-wide study of port and harbor needs which
                           places an emphasis on funding projects not
                           traditionally funded by State and Federal
                           programs.   Contact MDOT, Division of Ports and
                           Marine Transportation, 289-2841.

                           The Xaine Department of Environmental Protection
                           administers Section 205; water quality planning
                           grants for projects determining the nature, course
                           and extent of water pollution. A     local match of
                           funds is not required, but may be    helpful in,the
                           approval process.     Contact the    Maine D.E.P.,
                           289-3901.

                           The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers    funds dredging
                           projects, but requires a local match.            For
                           Congressionally authorized maintenance dredge
                           projects, the Army Corps pays 100% of the cost of
                           dredging, but the local government is responsible
                           for locating, procuring and preparing the disposal
                           site.    For improvement projects (small-scale
                           navigational dredging projects that occur outside
                           of Congressional approval), the local government
                           must share the cost of dredging as well as locate,
                           procure and prepare the disposal site. Typically,
                           the local share of dredging costs is between 20%
                           and 50%, but it can be more.     Contact the Maine
                           office at 623-8367.

                           The Economic Development Administration
                           administers public works grants, which in the past
                           have included commercial fishing piers.          EDA
                           prefers to work in conjunction with development
                           plans involving State participation. The limited
                           financial resources of the agency may preclude use
                           of this funding course at this time. Contact the
                           EDAI 623-8367.






                                              Appendix 9,

                                           CITY OF BIDDEFORD
                                COMPREHENSIVE WATERFRONT PLAN


                                        Recommendation for a Joint
                                        Saco River/Harbor Authority

               Introduction

                     Recognizing that the Saco River is an important natural resource bounded by
               the cities of Biddeford and Saco, and that the activities on the River and on the
               shoreland of each community 'affects the quality of this natural resource, and the
               benefits the River offers to the citizens of both communities, recommendations for a
               process for the unified and cooperative management of the River Corridor has been
               requested.


               Recommendation

                     A joint Saco River/Harbor Authority shall be established.


               Organizational Structure

                     The Saco River/Harbor Authority shall consist of seven (7) members. Three (3)
               members shall be nominated by the mayor's of each respective community and
               confirmed by their respective City Councils. These six (6) members shall serve three
               (3) year staggered terms. No member may serve more than two consecutive three (3)
               year terms.

                     The seventh member shall be elected by the six (6) member authority, by
               majority vote and shall serve a two year term. The seventh member's position shall
               alternate between the cities of Biddeford and Saco every two years.

                     The Authority shall annually elect a chairperson from among its members who
               shall preside at meetings of the Authority.


               Qualifications

                     Every member of the Authority must reside in the city from which they were
               appointed and be at least eighteen years of age.







                     Among the three (3) members of the Authority nominated by each mayor, at
               least one (1) member shall have experience with, or knowledge of, the commercial
               fishing industry and at least one (1) member shall have significant interest or
               experience in the recreational boating community.

               Relationship to Harbor Authorities

                     The seven (7) member Saco River/Harbor Authority shall have jurisdiction over
               the operation and management of the Saco River from its common boundary with the
               cities of Biddeford and Saco to the easterly terminus of the jetty extending from Camp
               Ellis (Sharps Ledge).

                     Outside of the common Saco River Corridor described above, the authority for
               the operation and management of the Harbors and shoreland in Biddeford or Saco
               shall reside with the three (3) members on the Authority in which the Harbor or
               shoreland exists.


               Duties and Responsibilities of the Saco RiverlHarbor Authority

                     These duties and responsibilities shall be allocated to the Saco River [Harbor
               Authority or to the three (3) members on the Authority in which jurisdiction resides
               if the Harbor or shoreland is outside the Saco River Corridor, described above.

               0     Hire the River Master(s)

               0     Hire the Harbor Master(s)

               0     Hire the Assistant Master(s)

               0     Oversee the management of the Saco River Corridor

               0     Oversee the management of the Harbor

               0     Develop a mooring plan and policies for the placement of moorings,
                     docks, piers, floats, navigational aids, etc.

               0     Hear appeals to decisions made by the River Master or Harbor Master.

               0     Recommend fees and charges for commercial and recreational moorings
                     to the City Councils.

               0     Make recommendations to the City Council's for other fees or charges as
                     appropriate for the management and operation of the River or Harbor.



                                                         2










              0      Establish no-wake zones.

              0      Review applications for the placement of any docks, floats, piers,
                     structures, etc. that will extend into the waters of the Harbor or River
                     and make recommendations to the appropriate Planning Boards and
                     City Councils before any permits are issued for these structures.

              0      Make recommendations and advise the City Councils regarding the
                     development of access areas to the River and Harbor.

              0      Oversee and manage acce   ss areas to the Saco River and Harbor.

              0      Develop policies for the marking and maintenance of channels on the
                     River and Harbor.

              0      Develop other policies and regulations, as necessary, to provide for the
                     safe navigation of the River and Harbor.

              0      Maintain, develop and update Comprehensive Plans for the River and
                     Harbor (update at least once every five years).

              0      Prepare and submit an annual budget each fiscal year, listing all
                     expected revenues and expenditures by line item to both City Councils
                     for approval.

              0      Alternate the location of meetings between Biddeford and Saco.

              o      Prepare Capital Improvements Plans (CIP's) to be submitted annually to both
                     Planning Boards and City Councils. These CIP's shall be five year plans and
                     must include the following information for each year of the plan: needed or
                     desired capital improvement; estimated costs of the capital improvement;
                     priority of the need; year to be undertakerL/completed; and expected source(s)
                     of funding. These CIPs should include plans for dredging and maintaining the
                     channels in the river and harbor, wharfs, docks, piers, access points to the
                     harbor and river, etc.


              Budget AUocation

                     For the purposes of allocating the cost to each community for operating the
              Saco River/Harbor Authority, the authority shall annually with the submittal of the
              budget to each City Council for adoption, specify the percentage of the total budget
              for the Saco River/Harbor Authority to be funded by each community.



                                                        3









                      In determining the percentage of the budget to be allocated to each community,
               the authority shall make their best efforts to determine the use of the River by
               commercial and recreational boaters from each side of the River. In making this
               determination, the Authority shall tabulate the total number of boaters who use the
               Saco River from each side of the River. This will be determined by totalling all
               moorings@ and allocating a boat usage number for all other boat access points
               including: wharfs, piers, floats, docks, and other access points. The Authority may
               also use other data consistent with the intent of this section in determining usage by
               boaters and therefore costs to the Authority. The percentage will then be determined
               by taking that portion of the total attributed to each community and dividing it by
               the total for both communities.

                      If one or both city councils should fail to adopt a mutually agreed to budget for
               the Saco River[Harbor Authority by the beginning of the fiscal year of the Authority,
               the budget authorized for the previous fiscal year shall automatically become the
               approved budget for the Authority, and each city shall be responsible for funding'the
               same percentage of the budget it funded in the previous year.





























                                                          4




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                                                                                 -UIDELINES.*,


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                   1.         Introduction:

                              The C       omprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act (30-A M.R.S.A.
                   Sec.       4301 et seq., hereafter, the Act) requires each municipality in the
                   state, except those municipalities within the jurisdiction of the Maine
                   Land Use Regulation commission, to develop a local growth management
                   program. Under the Act, a local growth management program is comprised
                   of the following:

                              a)          a comprehensive plan that complies with the provisions of
                                          the Act, and

                              b)          an implementation program that is consistent with a
                                          complying comprehensive plan.

                              Having submitted your comprehensive plan for state review and
                   comment, it is time to begin focusing your efforts on the preparation of
                   an implementation program that will enable you to achieve the goals and
                   *strategies set forth in that plan.

                              As was the case in the preparation of your comprehensive plan, the
                   Office of Comprehensive Planning (hereafter, the Office) is prepared to
                   offer technical and financial assistance as you develop your
                   implementation program. These guidelines are designed to provide you with
                   information necessary to access this assistance. The following section
                   (Section II) describes the Act's requirements for a local implementation
                   program. Section III outlines the state funded and administered
                   implementation. grant program. Section IV outlines,.the federally funded
                   coastal management grant program, a supplementar@ assistance program
                   available to coastal municipalities.


                   II. Local Implementation Program:

                              In order for your local growth management program to be
                   complete and effective, the comprehensive plan you have developed must be
                   implemented through the application of specific policies, programs,
                   regulations, ordinances, and other municipal actions. The mechanism by
                   which the implementation strategies identified in your plan are to be



                   Office of Comprehensive Planning                                                           -1-






      'achieved is known as the implementation program. At a minimum, the Act
       requires that your implementation program include the adoption of a new or
       amended zoning ordinance that is consistent with your comprehensive plan.
       However, your implementation program may be much more encompassing and in
       addition to a zoning ordinance may include activities such as the
       development of a capital improvement program, ordinances and regulations
       to guide site reviews of development projects, housing and economic
       development programs or initiatives, community land banks or land trusts,
       or interlocal agreements designed to promote local and regional policies.
       The Office encourages you to be creative in the implementation of your
       comprehensive plan.

            [FOR COASTAL MUNICIPALITIES] Local implementation programs developed
       by coastal municipalities will also consist of policies, programs,
       ordinances, regulations, and other activities that focus.on the use and
       management of coastal resources. Under the Act, coastal municipalities
       are required to develop local policies and implementation strategies that
       specify the approaches that will be taken to address Maine's nine Coastal
       Management Policies. Moreover, the Act explicitly calls for the
       development of implementation strategies that ensure the preservation of
       access to coastal waters and that discourage new development*that is
       incompatible with uses related to the marine resources industry. Thus,
       implementation programs for coastal municipalities may include, for
       example, the establishment of special waterfront zoning districts,
       development of a harbor ordinance, or preparation of a public access plan.


       III. Implementation Grant Program:

            The implementation grant        program is a state administered,
       participative grant funding program (up to 25% of the project cost*must be
       provided by the municipality) for the development and adoption of
       . plementation strategies identified in your comprehensive plan, provided
       that your plan has been determined to be consistent with the Act. The
       im

       following parameters have been established for the administration of       this
       program.

            A.    Eligible Applicantst All municipalities that have
                  submitted a comprehensive plan for review by the Office are
                  eligible to apply for an implementation     Igrant. Although
                  grant applications will be accepted and p3@bcessed-prior to
                  local adoption of a plan, no payment will'be made prior to
                  the local adoption of a consistent plant      I
            B.    Maximum Grant Amount: The maximum state    shar'e available to
                  each applicant is $12,500. Dependent upon the amount of
                  state assistance received., the required local match will be
                  0% (for requests of $2,500 or less) or 33% of the state
                  funds requested in excess of $2,500.






       Office of'Comprehensive Planning        -2-










                  Grant Amount                    Local      Match      Required


                  $    0 - $ 2,500                0%                         $0

                  $2,501 - $12,500               33-%       $     .33 - $3,333


            C.    Number of Applications per    municipality: The program is
                  designed to provide each eligible municipality with 1
                  implementation grant.

            D.    Reimbursement of Eligible Costs: You may be reimbursed for
                  eligible costs incurred after the date of your plan
                  submission. You should, however, be prudent in incurring
                  costs prior to receiving written comments on your plan from
                  the Office. The written comments received will indicate
                  whether your plan is consistent with the Act or what
                  additional actions may be necessary to make it consistent.
                  Recall from the introduction to this section that
                  implementation grants can only be used to carry out the
                  Implementation Strategies Section of a consistent plan.
                  Therefore, a town would not want to invest a lot of time,
                  energy, and finances in anticipation of reimbursement, to
                  establish an implementation program for a plan which is not
                  consistent with the Act. Municipalities that incur costs
                  prior to the adoption of a consistent plan do so at the
                  risk of not being reimbursed.

            E.    Eligible Costs: As provided for in the Act, implementation
                  grants can be used for costs directly related to the
                  preparation of policies, programs, and land use ordinances
                  directly related to the implementation of a consistent
                  plan. This makes these funds available for a variety of
                  different purposes. For example, you may want to hire or
                  retain legal or other professional services to amend or
                  develop a zoning ordinance or capital impro,-ements program.
                  Or perhaps you and a neighboring community could use your
                  implementation grants to establish an interlocal-agreement
                  instituting procedures for joint planning board reviews of
                  large subdivisions impacting a shared resource or-facility.
                  At a minimum, in order for a cost to be     .eligible it must
                  have been incurred:

                  1)   in the preparation of a program, policy, or
                       ordinance designed to carry out the
                       intent of the Implementation Strategies Section
                       of a consistent plan, and

                  2)   after the plan's submittal to the Office for
                       review and comment.





       Office of Comprehensive Planning         -3-










                 Please keep in mind that the implementation grant you may
                 receive is intended to assist you in establishing an
                 implementation program.    It is not intended to finance
                 the ongoing operation of   such a program, and therefore
                 recurring operational or   maintenance costs will not be
                 considered eligible. It    is your responsibility as the
                 applicant municipality     to document that the costs
                 associated with the proposed activities are eligible and
                 that these activities will carry out the intent of the
                 Implementation Strategies Section of the your comprehensive
                 plan.

           P.    Application Procedures: An eligible municipality wishing
                 to apply for an implementation grant must fill out the
                 required application materials as provided by the Office.
                 This will include a narrative description of the activities
                 to be undertaken, documentation that the proposed
                 activities are consistent with the intent of
                 the Implementation Strategies Section of the applicant's
                 comprehensive plan, an itemized cost schedule for each
                 activity to be undertaken, and documentation that the costs
                 are eligible.

           G.'   Payment Procedures: Upon signing a contract with the
                 Office and adopting your plan locally, you will be able to
                 submit a request for payment for all or part of the
                 eligible costs. No more than two requests for payment will
                 be processed for each implementation grant. The first of
                 these requests for payment may not exceed 90% of state
                 share. Each request for payment must be accompanied by a
                 narrative description of the work in progress. In
                 addition, the final request for payment must include a copy
                 ?f the completed activities.. It is not necessary to submit
                 invoices with requests for payment. Invoices must,
                 however, be kept on file by the town.

           H.    Local Approval for Funding: There are several local
                 approvals which must be in place prior to your receiving
                 implementation grant funds. These include the following:

                 1)   Approval for the appropriation of",your local
                      share, if any
                 2)   Pursuant to 30-A, MRSA, Section ;682,',approval
                      for the acceptance of State funds, and @

                 3)   Authorization for your town officials to enter
                      into a contract with the State.

                 Each of these approvals must be given by the local
                 legislative action appropriate to your community, either a
                 town warrant-article or a council action. These approvals



      Office of  Comprehensive Planning      -4-









                 can be issued by a single legislative vote incorporating
                 all three approvals, or by a series of legislative votes,
                 each one specific to one of the approvals listed above. In
                 addition, the Town's approval for the acceptance of State
                 funds must be on file with the Department of Finance in
                 order for the Office to process grant payments.

            1.   Role of the Regional Councils: Your regional council
                 @nay be available to assist you in the preparation of your
                 implementation programs. You should contact your regional
                 council to determine what assistance they are able to
                 provide in regard to your implementation program.

            J.   Hiring Consultants: Project funds (state and local share)
                 may be used to hire consultants to assist you in developing
                 your implementation program. As was the case with your
                 planning grant, if you plan to hire a consultant for more
                 than $1,200, you must do so by contract and preferably
                 through a competitive selection process. You must send a
                 copy of any anticipated subcontract to the Office for
                 review and comment prior to its execution. In obtaining
                 the services of a consultant, one of the following 3
                 approaches should be adhered to:

                 a)   Request for Proposal,

                 b)   Request for Qualifications, or

                 C)   Sole-Source Procurement.
                 Refer to your Planning Grant 'Guidelines or contact the
                 Office for information regarding these approaches to hiring
                 a consultant.

            K.   Record Keeping: The Office expects you to organize and
                 keep all records, documents, reports, invoices, letters, or
                 other material relating to the development of your
                 implementation program. It is advisable to maintain 'a file
                 of meeting minutes, advertisements of public meetings, and
                 correspondence with your regional councill this Office, and
                 consultants. These files shall be available at reasonable'
                 times for review, inspection, or audit by State personnel
                 and other personnel duly authorized by thiskoffice.


        IV. Coastal Management Grant Program:

            To assist each coastal municipality with implementation of the
        coastal elements of its comprehensive plan, the Office has established a
        federally funded coastal management grant program. Like the state funded
        implementation grant program, funds are available only if a local




        Office of Comprehensive Planning     -5-









       comprehensive plan has been determined to be consistent with the Act.
       Cost sharing for the coastal management grant program will be on an equal
       basis (50% federal/50% local share). The following parameters have been
       established for the administration of this program.

            A.   Eligible Applicants: All coastal municipalities that have
                 submitted a comprehensive plan for review by the Office are
                 eligible to apply'for a coastal implementation grant.
                 Although grant applications will be accepted and processed
                 prior to local adoption of a plan, no payment will be made
                 prior to the local adoption of a consistent plan.

            B.   Maximum Grant Amount: The maximum federal share available
                 to each applicant is $5000. The required local match will
                 be 50% of the total project cost. Thus, for example, a
                 $5000 federal grant would be 'matched with $5000 of local
                 funds for a total project cost of $10,000.

            C.   Number of Applications per Municipality: The program is
                 designed to provide each eligible municipality with one
                 coastal management grant.

            D.   Reimbursement of Eligible Costs: Same as Section III(D)
                 for implementation grant program.

            E.   Eligible Costs: Coastal management grants can be used for
                 costs related to the preparation of policies, programs, and
                 land use ordinances directly related to the implementation
                 of the coastal elements of a consistent plan. The Maine
                 Coastal Program, together with the federal Office of Ocean
                 and Coastal Resource Management, have identified four high
                 priority implementation areas:

                    the development or improvement of local zoning or
                    other land use ordinances to address coastal
                    issues, such as protecting water dependent uses,
                    encouraging public access to coastal waters, or
                    protecting marine water quality;

                    the development of a local harbor ordinance
                    consistent with Title 38 of the Maille Revised
                    Statutes Annotated;

                    the development of a local harbor and Waterfront
                    management plan, including a mooring plan; and

                    the development of a detailed public access plan.

                 [Note: Municipalities that accept coastal management
                 grant funds for the preparation of a harbor plan or
                 ordinance will be required to co'nsider the
                 establishment of a mooring allocation policy that does



       Office of Comprehensive Planning      -6-









                 not discriminate based on residency status.
                 municipalities may, however, charge higher fees to
                 nonresidents, limit boat size in certain areas, and
                 favor certain types of uses (e.g. commercial
                 f ishing) . ]
                 While the Office recognizes that each.comprehensive
                 plan will contain its own unique set of implementation
                 strategies and priorities, we strongly encourage
                 coastal municipalities to use coastal management grant
                 funds to address one or more of these four important
                 areas. If, however, an applicant can demonstrate that
                 these four areas have been adequately addressed or are
                 not relevant, the municipality can use coastal
                 management grant funds to work on other pieces of its
                 implementation strategy related to Maine's Coastal
                 Policies. Coastal municipalities are also encouraged
                 to join together to address shared resources, such as
                 a harbor, river, or bay.

                 As with implementation grants, in order for a cost   to
                 be eligible, it must have been incurred after the
                 plan's submittal to the Office for review and comment.
                 In addition, coastal management grants are not
                 intended to finance the ongoing operation of an
                 implementation program; therefore, recurring
                 operational or maintenance costs will not be
                 considered eligible.

            F.   Application Procedures: An eligible coastal municipality
                 wishing to.apply for a coastal management grant must fill
                 out the required application materials provided by the
                 Office. This will includd a narrative description of the
                 activities to be undertaken, documentation that the
                 proposed activities are consistent with the intent of
                 coastal implementation strategy elements of the applicant's
                 comprehensive plan, an itemized cost schedule for each
                 activity to be undertaken, and documentation that-the costs
                 are eligible. If proposed activities are not related to
                 the four priority areas listed in section IV(E) above, the
                 applicant must demonstrate that these-areas 'have been
                 adequately addressed or are not relevant. I
                 Municipal officials are encouraged ;0 co'ntact Coastal
                 Program staff at the office to discuss potential coastal
                 management activities prior to submitting an application.
                 The   office has worked with many coastal municipalities on
                 waterfront zoning, harbor management and public..access
                 projects and can assist you with the preparation of a grant
                 application.





       Office of Comprehensive Planning      -7-







            G     Payment Proce'dures:        San*e as Section III(G) for
                  implementation grant program.

            H.    Local Approval for Funding: Same as Section III(H) for
                  implementation grant program, except that the municipality
                  should approve the acceptance of federal funds as well.

            I.    Role of the  Regional Councils: Same as section III(I) for
                  implementation grant program.

            J.    Hiring Consultants: Same'as section III(J) for
                  implementation grant program.

            K.    Record Keeping: Same as section III(K) for implementation
                  grant program.


       V.   Sample Warrant Article/Resolution:

            As described in Section H above, prior to receiving an implementati       on
       grant, your municipal legislative body must vote to accept these funds.
       Provided below and on the next page are a sample warrant article and
       resolution which you can use as a basis for your article/resolution.



                                 SAMPLE WARRANT ARTICLE
               TOWN MEETING ACCEPTANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION GRANT FUNDS

       Art.         Shall the town vote to accept Implementation Grant funds as
       provided by the Maine State Legislature [or the Maine Coastal       *Program of
       the Department of Economic and Community Development], to raise the local
       funds required as a match to the grant, to appropriate the grant and
       required local matching funds for the development of an implementation
       program pursuant to the Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation
       Act, to authorize the selectmen to contract with the*State Department of
       Economic and Community Development for the grant, and to authorize the
       selectmen to contract, as necessary, for materials and services needed to
       achieve the purposes of the grant?

       INFORMATION:     Estimate amount of grant:

                        Estimated amount of local   match:     $





                                 If the town does not plan to raise new funds for
       the local match, but rather plans to borrow the necessary funds or to
       transfer the necessary funds from an existing account, it should replace
       the word "raise,' with "borrow" or "transfer from existing accounts."



       Office of Comprehensive Planning













                                    SAMPLE RESOLUTION
                 TOWN COUNCIL ACCEPTANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION GRANT FUNDS

       WHEREAS the Mai  ne State Legislature, through enactment of             the
       Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act, has recognized     that
       local comprehensive planning is necessary to guide the future growth and
       development of Maine municipalities so as to maintain and enhance the
       quality of life for Maine citizens, and has established programs to
       financially assist local comprehensive planning efforts, and

       WHEREAS the Office of Comprehensive Planning, within the State Department
       of Economic and Community Development, has offered a matching grant to the
       Town of                      to assist the Town's development of an
       implementation program in accordance with the Comprehensive Planning and
       Land Use Regulation Act,

       NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the Town of
       that the Council authorizes the Town Manager to accept an Implementation
       Grant of $           as provided by the Maine State Legislature (or a
       Coastal Management Grant as provided by the Maine Coastal Pro7ram of the
       Department of Economic and Community Development), raise $ as the
       required local match to the grant, appropriate the grant and required
       local matching funds for the development of an implementation plan
       pursuant to the Comprehensive Planning and Land Use Regulation Act,
       contract with the State Department of Economic and Community Development
       for the grant, and contract, as necessary, for materials and services
       needed to achieve the purposes of the grant.

       This the      day,of                   19_.


















                               If the town does not plan to raise new funds for
       the local match, but rather plans to borrow the necessary funds or to
       transfer the necessary funds from an existing account, it should replace
       the word "raise,, with "borrow" or "transfer from existing accounts."



       OffiCe of Comprehensive Planning      -9-










           Appendix D

           UTERATURE CITED


           1.     Maine Tomorrow,       CITY OF BIDDEFORD
                  COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.     Hallowell, ME (June
                  1988).


           2.     Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and
                  Wildlife, SIGNIFICANT FISH AND WILDLIFE
                  RESOURCES OF SOUTHERN COASTAL MAINE.
                  Augusta, ME (January 1984).


           3.     Maine State Planning Office, THE GEOLOGY OF
                  MAINE'S COASTLINE.      Augusta, ME       (June
                  1983).


           4.     John Lortie, Wildlife Biologist, SIGNIFICANT
                  NATURAL RESOURCES OF BIDDEFORD POOL, MAINE.
                  Portland, ME (May 1988).






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