[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
ocr office of ocean and Coastal ResourrX ffienva=d Wckshington, D.C. 20235, ,to; PREPARED FOR THE LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS PREPARED BY THE LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION -and- THE ERIE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING September, 1983 a -a sh P@i !,I Funned and CaMinated throvo Dept. of Eavireantootil Resoorces Office 3.0 Rojeorcis VanAgnmint US Department of Comrnc--,-- -e-, Coastal zone Management Office NOAA Ccastal Services Cc--.t--, -:7 2-2- !- South Hobson I.-, one Charleston$ SC MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS Lawrence Park Township Board of Commissioners Mr. James E. Conners, President .Mr. Raymond M. DePlatchett, Vice President Mr. Theodore E. Mohnkern Mr. Edward P. Hughes Mr. Allen C. Ogden Mrs. Dolores M. Bendig, Secretary Lawrence Park Townshi2 Planning Commission Mrs. Janis Mahoney, Chairman Mr. Charles K. Schnars Mr. James Weigle Mr. James Conners Dr. Thomas Kalkhof Mr. Robert Jaskiewicz Mr. Jack Shabel Mrs. Barbara J. Medwid, Secretary CONSULTANT Erie County Department of Planning Mr. R. Lawrence Bossolt, ECDP Consultant The preparation of this report was financed through the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program under provisions of the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, (as amended), administered by the Coastal Zone Management Office, Office of Resources Management, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, and the Erie County Department of Planning. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 TOWNSHIP FISCAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . 41 LAND USE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 HOUSING PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 TRANSPORTATION PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 IMPLEMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 APPENDIX A - COASTAL ZONE POLICY FRAMEWORK & SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONCERNS . . . . . . . . . Al-A6 APPENDIX B - FEDERAL AND STATE ASSISTANCE . . . . . . . . . Bl-B23 APPENDIX C - 1980 CENSUS STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . Cl-C14 APPENDIX D - OPINION SURVEY AND RESPONSES . . . . . . . . . Dl-D5 INTRODUCTION The original comprehensive plan for Lawrence Park Township was completed in the year 1967 by the Erie County Planning Department. The title of the Plan was the Community Improvement Plan. The purpose of this Plan is to analyze the condi- tions which have been experienced since the last planning program and provide updated planning recommendations where necessary to assist the Township meet its contemporary community development needs. The impetus for this Comprehensive Plan Update came from the Lawrence Park Township Planning Commission. The Planning Commission has been charged with the responsibility of advising the Township Commissioners on future planning needs as well as making recommendations on how to best meet these needs. Prior to reading this Comprehensive Plan Up- date, the following material is offered to better explain the purpose of planning: What is a Comprehensive Plan! A comprehensive plan is a document that is designed to state basic policies and to guide the future growth and development of the community. It carries no weight of law, but it can assist decision makers. It contains no rules or regu- lations, but it serves as a basis for any land use provisions enacted by the municipality. It is broad in scope, examining the physical, social and economic characteristics that mesh to make the municipality of today, but it seeks to apply this knowledge to the future. It speaks to various issues in general terms, but it can also make specific recommendations. Basically, the comprehensive plan is, in part, a factual report that examines how the past has led to the present, as well as a report that can be used to chart the community's path into the future. What must be included in the Plan? The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (Act 247 of 1968, as amended) man- dates that the comprehensive plan contain certain basic elements. These elements are: - a statement of community development goals and objectives; - a land use plan-, - a transportation plan; - a community facilities plan; and - a statement of the relationship of the community's future development to adjacent areas. The comprehensive plan is by no means limited to these elements, nor should it be. This Plan, for instance, contains necessary background data and a Housing Plan. What are the uses of the Plan? The comprehensive plan is an official statement setting forth basic policies con- cerning physical development and social and economic goals. It is typically of a general nature, long-range in its outlook, and considers all factors affecting -1- growth and,development. While its primary function is to serve as a general guide or framework for the future growth and development of a municipality, there is nothin g to say that it cannot contain rather specific proposals where it is felt necessary or desirable. As such, the comprehensive plan has several uses: policy determination: the plan,aids in the consideration and evalua- tion of alternatives for general, long-range development policies; policy.effectuation: the plan lends guidance to specific and immediate programs and problems; communication: the plan informs individuals of the present and future growth and development policies of the community; conveyance of advice to the governing body; education: the plan helps'everyone who uses it to understand the conditions, problems and opportunities of the community by providing factual information. -2- BACKGROUND INFORMATION HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL SKETCH Lawrence Park was established as a village within Millcreek Township in 1911, when the General Electric plant was constructed. The initial street pattern was established in the same year when Smithson, Silliman, and Rankine Avenues were laid out. By 1913 the community was served by city water and sewers and with electricity and telephone service. In 1926 the village was issued a charter establishing the Township of Lawrence Park. Residential development at that time was concentrated between Smithson Avenue and Four Mile Creek, and East Lake Road and Bell Street. Some additional housing was located along Harvey and Halley Avenues north of East Lake Road. This early pattern of develop- ment was recognized as one of the first and best examples of community planning in the United States. Since its establishment as a village in 1911, the develop- ment of Lawrence Park has paralleled the employment trends at the General Electric plant. During World War I and again during World War II, residential development in the Township was intense, while the Depression in the 1930's saw a drop in development activity. However, in the post World War II era, develop- ment in Lawrence Park has tended to be influenced to a greater degree by metro- politan forces rather than by employment fluctuations at the General Electric plant. In the future, metropolitan influences will continue to affect the economic and living environment in Lawrence Park. Therefore, it is important that the Township maintain a continuing and comprehensive planning program that is designed to channel metropolitan influences, as they apply to Lawrence Park, in a direction that will be beneficial to the Township. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW Lawrence Park is an industrial-residential suburb. The major industry--General Electric Company--actually sponsored some of the Township's early residential development and the adjacent neighborhoods are still closely allied with the plant as many residents are part of the General Electric Company labor force. The plant is well buffered and separated from adjacent residential areas by parking areas, major roads,.parks and open space. The use of land and functional relationships may be best understood if the community is seen as having four quadrants, each distinctive in use, and each clearly separated from adjacent neighborhoods by major transportation routes or significant natural features. Two of the quadrants are residential, one is industrial, and the fourth is recreational. In addition to these quadrants, a narrow strip of land lying to the south of the railroads and clearly separated from the four quadrants by the railroad is also within the Township boundaries. The southwestern quadrant is industrial and holds the General Electric manufac- turing complex. It is bounded by the major highways separating it from adjacent residential neighborhoods on the northeast and west, and by railroads on the south. Its east-west access is a boulevard which is roughly an extension of Main Street in Lawrence Park, and East Eighth Street from the City of Erie. The boulevard, however, is not open to the public and serves solely for distri- bution of traffic within the G.E. complex. -3- Eleven (11) major manufacturing structures are located to the south of the Boulevard so that the heaviest land coverage and most intensive use of land is on the southern portion of the General Electric property adjacent to the railroads. Many of these structures date to World War I and earlier, and on average, are five stories in height. Major parking facilities are located to the east and to the west of this complex. To the north of the Boulevard are several newer manufacturing structures together with service structures, administrative buildings, a water cooling pond, and relative service facilities. Open lawns and administrative and non-manufacturing structures occupy the frontage along East Lake Road. Extensive off-street parking facilities are also located through this area. Principal access for employees and visitors to the plantis located at the eastern and western terminal of the East-West Boulevard and at the center of the property fronting East Lake Road. The General Electric complex embraces a wide variety of manufacturing operations, many of them independent of one another. Despite such internal diversification, the complex has a functional unification: the major manufacturing structures and operations are clustered in the center and Southern portion of the tract, the service facilities extend northward from these, and the whole is buffered from adjacent properties by peripheral parking lots, open space and administrative structures. Despite its size and large number of employees, it meets high standards of performance and has little adverse effect on adjacent residential areas from noise or pollutants. Major traffic arteries ringing the complex keep heavy industrial traffic away from adjacent residential streets. The southeast quadrant constitutes the major residential development of Lawrence Park. It is bounded on the West by the General Electric plant, on the south by the railroad, on the north by East Lake Road, and on the west by Harborcreek Township. The development of this area is closely allied with the installation of the General Electric Plant. It was developed in conjunction with the plant to provide housing for employees of the General Electric complex. The western portion of it, lying closest to the General Electric gate, was developed as a cluster plan with town houses and duplexes set on curvilinear streets, with open space and recreational land intertwined with the housing. The design concept is remarkably similar to, and undoubtedly grew from, the 11garden cities" being proposed and developed as satellite communities near London. Having a mixture of Utopian and pragmatic goals, these garden cities were designed so that the inhabitants would have the advantages of nearness to work and to the countryside, inhabit good houses with gardens, enjoy healthy and pleasant environments and modern, urban services. This garden city move- ment was first manifested in the development of the town of Welwyn, twenty miles outside of London by Sir Ebenezer Howard, and further developed in the suburb of Letchworth in 1919. The first section of Lawrence Park to be developed just prior to World War I incorporated the most advanced thinking of the time. It continues to this day to be a stable, inviting and pleasant residential environment. Design features which are similar to the British garden city designs include: the continuation of the main axis of the General Electric plant through the residential community (Main Street); a wide boulevard (Iroquois Avenue) converging at an angle with the main axial street (Main Street); the contrast of these formal axes by the -4- introduction of a curvilinear, informally designed, peripheral street system (Napier and Emmet Drive); the establishment of park lands around the periphery and extending into the residential area located along Four Mile Creek and ex- tending from both Napier and Emmet Drive; the establishment of a small business area in the center of the residential community; and the placing of garden houses-- or town houses--so as to enhance the mixture of formality and informality. All of these factors are notable since it is most unusual in the United States to see residential development follow a comprehensive design which integrates major thoroughfares, residential streets, open space, parks and structures. Indeed, following the initial surge of development, subsequent building followed the more haphazard pattern that is more typical of residential development in this country. The business area is located in the center of this quadrant. North of Iroquois Avenue and west of Rankine Avenue single-family homes predominate. Major school tracts are also located in this quadrant together with light manu- facturing uses at the edges of the quadrant. The northwestern quadrant lying to the north of East Lake Road is a second major residential neighborhood comprised almost entirely of single-family dwellings. Most of these have been developed during the major suburban growth era following World War II, although a few older houses and some commercial uses are located along the western frontage of East Lake Road. This area comprises a total of 385 housing units with a municipal park extending south from the lakefront through the center of the neighborhood. The neighborhood is bounded by Lake Erie on the north, East Lake Road on the south, Lawrence Park Golf Club on the east, and a wooded tract on the west. Another quadrant occupies-the northeast corner of the Township and is com- prised of the Lawrence Park Golf Club. A small motel and a number of single- family homes are located in this quadrant on the frontage of East Lake Road. Four Mile Creek traverses the center of this quadrant and the General Electric 'Fishing Club is located near the point where Four Mile Creek enters Lake Erie. A final portion of the Township is a-strip lying south of the railroad. This strip, accessible only through Harborcreek Township, lies behind the commercial frontage on Buffalo Road and is presently utilized for light indus- trial uses and for a mobile home park. It should be noted that an error on the U.S. Census tracts in 1970 placed this parcel of land in Harborcreek Town- ship so that the residents of the mobile home park were not counted as residents of Lawrence Park Township. PHYSIOGRAPHY Lawrence Park is located on a relatively fla t lake plain along the shores of Lake Erie. The area south of East Lake Road (Pa.5) is flat with the exception of a minor depression (swale) in the vicinity of the railroad right-of-way. North of East Lake Road, the land has a gentle downward slope to the shores of Lake Erie. However, there is an escarpment at the waters edge which creates a bluff, approxi- mately twenty to forty feet in height. The bluff is interrupted at three points where Four Mile Creek, and two minor streams flow into the lake forming small beach areas. The only other major physical feature in the Township is the small valley created by Four Mile Creek. -5- The subsurface conditions in the Township do not present any impediment to urban growth. However, subsurface drainage of building sites is required in some areas of the Township due to seasonally high water tables. The only major impediment to urban development of the Township can be found along the Four Mile Creek valley where certain areas are subject to flooding in periods of storm water runoff. The physical conditions in the Township are depicted on the accompanying map. -6- FPAMWN AVE. 7, 0 MALLEY AV E. AVE. VEY n AVE !lb PUTNAM DR. 0 ZA z 0 > LASALLE z GRIFFIN :b !n LAKE CLIF DR. 0 Q CD LAWRENCE PARKWAY 'b ID 0 RANKINE AVE. M 1 C3 PI. CD /A o" SILLMAN > y _@D s m 0 T.S.. L@EE A@L AVE. I (D F-7 P, CD CUNNI DR. ct its 0 DR, CROTTY DR. L AVE. BURKHART 4 CD 0 13 > 3 q 0 0 m 0 1-0- 0 0 CD CID o 0 0 m CD F 0 a > F -0- q (D cc CD 0 0 0 9 0 (D IM cc DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION An understanding of the population of a community and its various characteristics is an essential element of any comprehensive plan. I 'n order to develop plans and policies for the future of the Township, it is necessary to have an understanding of the characteristics of its population, past, present, and future. Based upon a population or demographic analysis, the quantity and quality of future township services and location of public facilities can be determined in a logical manner. The data in this section should also be helpful as an information source which the Township may need for the preparation of funding applications to the State and Federal governments. POPULATION TRENDS Lawrence Park's population has increased slightly but steadily each decade during the past fifty (50) years with exception only to the 1930-1940 period. The steady.increase is fairly significant when one considers the fact that the Town- ship has minimal land area available for new subdivision growth. The following table traces and compares the census results of Lawrence Park with Erie County during the 1930-1980 period: Table 1 Population Trends 1930-1980 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Lawrence Park Population 3,241 3,120 4,154 4,403 4,517 4,584 Change in N.A. -121 1,034 249 114 67 Change in % N.A. -3.7 33.1 6.0 2.6 1.5 Erie County Population 175,277 180,889 219,388 250,682 263,654 279,780 Change in 21,741 5,612 38,499 31,294 12,972 16,126 Change in 14.2 3.2 21.3 14.3 5.2 6.1 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980 and.Erie County Population Analysis, 1972. During the 1930-1980 period, an overall percentage gain of 41% was experienced by the Township; however, in terms of raw numbers the increase stood at only 1,343. The growth experience of Erie County for the same period of time was 60%. In terms of County.population rank, the 1980 Census results placed Lawrence Park Township in the number nine (9) position among the County's 39 incorporated muni- cipalities. The eight (8) municipalities ahead of Lawrence Park were: the City of Erie (119,123), Millcreek Township (44,303), Harborcreek Township (14,644), Fairview Township (7,518), City of Corry (7,149), Edinboro (6,324), North East Township (5,750), and Summit Township (5,381). Even though several of Erie County's municipalities experienced higher growth rates during the 1970-80 period,, Lawrence Park Township's rate should be interpreted as positive and a sign of sta- bilized growth. The immediate regional growth situation which Lawrence Park is within is depicted on the following table: -7- Table 2 Comparative.Population Growth 1930-1980 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 Lawrence Park 3,241 3,120 4,154 4,403 4,517 4,584 Wesleyville 2,854 2,918 4,411 3,5-34 3,920 3,998 Harborcreek 2,890 3,602 7,474 10,569 12,038 14,644 17,037 28,441 Hillcreek 4,865 71444 36,946 44,303 Erie County 175,277 180,889 219,388 250,682 263,654 279,780 Erie City 115,967 116,955 130,BO3 138,440 129,231 119,123 Pennsylvania 9,631,000 9,900,000 110,498,000 11,319,000 11,794,000 11,863,895 United States 123,203,000 132,165,000 151,326,000 179,323,000 203,302,020 226,545,805 Lawrence Park as a percentage of Erie County 1,849% 1.725% 1.893% ..1.756% 1.713% 1..638% Source: U.S. Census It is interesting to note that Lawrence Park Township's most recent 10 year growth rate of 1.5% outpaced that of both the State and the nation (1.1%); how- ever, it lagged behind Erie County's (6.1%). Nearby townships (e.g. Harborcreek and Millcreek) have grown at a more rapid pace due to the availability of land and the continued county trend of suburban attraction. Lawrence Park's nominal population growth during the past few decades has been attributable to two (2) key factors: (1) limited available land resources and (@) a decreasing average household size. Following is a brief discussion of each of these factors. The increase in Lawrence Park's population during the last two decades has been a result of construction of single-family homes and the conversion of older row homes,into multi-unit structures. Relatively few vacant parcels of ground remain (with the exception of the golf course) which are suitable for new residential construction. A reduced rate of construction during the 1980's is already a reality and this is a direct result of the reduced availability of land. The second factor affecting growth is the reduction in the average size of the household. Throughout the Nation's history, there has been a continuing decrease in the average population per household. Historical records of the Census Bureau indicate that the average population per household has continually decreased from 5.79 persons per household in 1790 to 5.55 in 1850; 4.76 in 1900; 3.52 in 1950; 3.21 in 1970; and 2.73 in 1980. This trend is only partly attributable to changes in the birth rate and in the average number of children born to each family. A second and more critical factor reflected in these trends is the undoubling of families. Today, the typical family is a nuclear family,.comprised only of parents and dependent children; as opposed to the extended family which prevailed through- out most of this Nation's history. The extended family included three or more generations and may well have included brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles, and cousins. The undoubling of the family has resulted in a substantial increase in the one or two person family, greatly reducing the average population per house- hold. Within Lawrence Park, the average population per household has remained slightly higher than national averages, standing-at 4.92 in 1950; 3.90 in 1960; 3.27 in 1970; and 2.82 in 1980. The net effect of the decline in the population per household unit would be a decrease in population even though the same number of families and households remained in the community. In the same way, it will result in the reduced rate of growth even where new units are being added. Since 1970, for example, the number of dwelling units has increased by about 22%, but the population has in- creased by only 2% in the Township. POPULATION CONPOSITION AGE/SEX The 1980 Census included a precise breakdown on the population composition of the Township. The following table includes the complete figures for all males and ,.females by age via the most recent Census: -9- Table 3 Lawrence Park Township A&e/Sex Composition 1980 Male Female Total Under one year 27 28 55 1 and 2 years 57 60 117 3 and 4 years 52 59 ill 5 years 24 27 51 6 years 35 30 65 7 to 9 years 109 93 202 10 to 13 years 148 151 299 14 years 46 46 92 15 years 47 43 90 16 years 36 48 84 17 years 44 54 98 18 years 44 37 81 19 years 33 36 69 20 years 31 43 74 21 years 38 42 80 22 to 24 years 107 100 207 25 to 29 years 157 163 320 30 to 34 years 133 124 257 35 to 44 years 193 237 430 45 to 54 years 255 288 543 55 to 59 years 161 186 347 60 and 61 years 66 64 130 62 to 64 years 72 95 167 65 to 74 years 158 197 355 75 to 84 years 73 116 189 85 years and over 18 53 71 Totals 2j164 2,420 4,584 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980. The median.age-of all persons,,,7ithin,the-Township;stood at 33.8 years in 1980; 36.1 years for all females and 31.8 years for all males.. By comparison, Erie County's median age figures for the year 1980 indicate that a slightly younger population exists on the countywide level; i.e. the total County median age stood at 29.2 years with the female median age at 30.4 years and the male median age at 28.1 years. Median age is not the average age, it is the mid-point at which half of the popula- tion falls above and half below. _10- The following table compares the 1980 and 1970 Age/Sex Population Groups of the Township. Data to the degree generated by the 1980 Census were-not available via the 1970 Census, and as such, the 1980 data were assembled to match the avail- able 1970 output. While the groups are broader, meaningful comparisons and future implications can still be drawn. Table 4 Population by Age & Sex Group Lawrence Park*Township 1970 & 1980 Male % Male Female % Female Total Total % Age Group 1970 1970 1970 1970 1970 of 1970 Pop. 0-4 173 8.2 185 7.7 @58 7.9 5-14 474 22.3 519 11.7 993 22.0 15-24 328 15.5 357 14.9 685 15.2 25-34 199 9.4 212 8.8 411 9.1 35-44 277 13.1 322 13.4, 599 13.3 45-54 297 14.0 311 13.0 608 13.5 55-64 208 9.8 229 9.6 437 9.6 65+ - 165 7.8 -261 10.9 426 9.4 Total 2,121 100.0 2,396 1.00.0 4,517 100.0 Male % Male Female % Female Total Total % Age Group 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 of 1980 Pop. 0-4 136 6.3 147 6.1 283 6.2 5-14 362 16.7 347 14.3 709 15.5 15-24 380 17.6 403 16.7 783 17.1 25-34 290 13.4 287 11.9 577 12.6 35-44 193 8.9 237 9.8 430 9.4 45-54 255 11.8 288 11.9 543 11.8 55-64 299 13.8 345 14.3 644 14.0 65+ 249 11.5 366 15.1 615 13.4 Total 2,164 100.0 2,420 100.0 4,584 100.0 While endless conjecture and comparisons can be drawn from an analysis of the pre- cluding tables, several general but pertinent characteristics concerning the recent changes and future implications of the Township's population composition stand out and are summarized herein. The reader should also observe Table 5 for a better understanding of the following summary. The very young population of the Township (0-4 years) has dropped off considerably (down 21%) during 1970-80. there were 75 fewer children in this age group in 1980. This is an obvious parallel to the national lower birth rate experience. _11- - The key school-age group (5-14 years) has dropped at an alarming rate. There were 284 less children within this age group in 1980. - Together, the 14 years and under group constituted close to 30%. of the Township's 1970 population, while in 1980 this group only ,accounted for about 22% of this total. This trend has already affected the school system, as low enrollment figures have been experienced. - The Township is also losing much of its young adult population as is indicated in the 1970 age "5-14" and 1980 age "15-24" age group experience. Of the 993 youths aged 5-14 in 1970, the 1980 "15-24" age group totaled only 783. The significance of a 210 person re- duction gives evidence that the young are leaving the community. Most often this move is necessitated by employment and/or education needs. Fortunately for the Township, the "15-24" age group con- tained close to 100 more young citizens in 1980 than it did in 1970. This second fact shows that in-migration is counteracting the experienced out-migration in these age groups during the 1970-80 period. - The "25-34" age group experience was similar to the previous ex- planation; however, it was not as extreme. A decline of 108 persons was experienced from the "15-24" age group total of 685 persons in 1970; however, overall the "25-34" age group grew by 166 persons. This positive net gain is a healthy sign for the Township as this group is an important child bearing and income producing segment of the population. - The second highest age group loss occurred in the age 35-44 group. Numerically, there was a 169 person loss in this age group, and the loss was apparently self-contained within this group as there was actually a small step increase in the "25-34" age group during the 1970-80 period. The loss of this age group was the most devastating blow to the Township's overall population total in 1980, as the de- cline in the "0-4" and "5-14" age groups were also,directly affected by the movement of the parent "35-44" age group. An additional loss in the "45-54" age group, while not as extreme, was also experienced. - The fact that Lawrence Park is retaining its older population is indisputable. Due to the solid residential atmosphere of the community, increased longevity, the existence of specialized elderly care in the Township as well as individual economic realities and desires, Lawrence Park has significantly increased its "55-64" and "65+" age groups. In terms of percentages, the "55-64" age group constituted 9.6% in 1970 and in the most recent census this grew to 14.0%. Like- wise, the 65+ senior citizen group which constituted 9.4% of the 1970 total population grew to 13.4% of the 1980 total population. This rate exceeded that of the overall County's, which in 1980 registered 10.9%. Inasmuch as these age groups, especially the 65+ group, is the least mobile of all the Township's population, new service demands for elderly care and housing will be placed upon the Township. -12- Table 5 Lawrence Park Township Age Group Comparisons 1970 1980 Ten Year Age Group Ten Year Age Group Step Experience Numerical Comparison Age Group 1970 19-80 Change. Age Group 1970 1980 Change 0-4 358 283 N.A. 0-4 358 283= -75 5-14 993 709 N.A. 5-14 993 709= -284 15-24 685 783= -210 15-24 685 783= 98 25-34., 577= -108 25-.34 411 577= 166 35-44 599 29 35-44 599 430= @169. 45-54 608 543= -56 45-54 608 543= -65 55-64 431 644=-, 36 55-64 437 644= 207 65+ 178 65+ 426 615=' 189 Totals 4,517 @4,584= N.A. Totals 4,517 4,584= 67 Source: 1970-and 1980 Census and Consultant's calculations. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS This section provides selected characteristics of the Township's 1980 population as was recorded by the Census. Much of the following data will be more important for potential use in applying @for state and Federal assistance than it is for planning purposes. Material from the 1970 Census is used as a comparison where pertinent. Township officials should obtain a copy of the entire 1980 Census information data for future grantsmanship needs. The County Department of Planning has been desig- nated as a local statistical data center and is in possession of all 1980 Census data. Race Statistics from the 1980 Census indicate that the total 1980 population of 4,584 was racially composed of 4,561 whites, three (3) blacks, four (4) American Indians, two (2) Japanese, five (5) Chinese, five (5) Korean, one (1) Asian Indian and three (3) other. Lawrence Park's population was, therefore, composed of a 99.5% white population. This figure is higher than the total County.percentage of whites, which stood at 94.7%.in 1980. An additional 14 persons of Spanish origin were also enumerated via the 1980 Census. 30= L@L a6O8 543= -13- Families In 1980, there were 1,237 families in the Township. This total was up by 51 from the 1970 Census count of 1,186. Families, according to the Census, do not neces- sarily imply that children are present. The average number of persons per family for Lawrence Park was 3.28, slightly lower than the 3.34 family size of the County for the Census year 1980. Households The term household, as defined by the Census, equals the number of occupied housing units. Statistics on households are generally important parameters for various housing and community service grant, programs of the state and Federal government. In 1980, there were 1,588 households recorded within the Township. Of this total, 100 persons resided in group quarters, 9@ of which were 65 years and over. A total of 197 senior citizens (65+) were single householders; 114 seniors formed husband-wife households; forty (40) seniors lived with,lother relatives; two (2) seniors lived with nonrelative/family type households; and 170 seniors lived in nonfamily households. Persons Per Household The average number of persons per occupied housing unit was 2.82 in 1980, down considerably from the 3.27 average established for the Township by the 1970 Census. The trend of a decreasing household size has been experienced in many other Erie County communities in recent years. Overall, Erie County's 1980 household size nearly matched that of the Township's at 2.81 persons. The declining birth rate is a primAry-reason for this reduction; this is not merely a localized trend, it is a nationwide experience. Persons per dwelling unit is commonly used as a mul- tiplier (times housing units) to determine the population base of various service areas within the community. Owner/Rental Housing Of the total 1980 household population, the Census revealed that 667 persons are housed in the rental market. The Census also revealed that there are 259 housing units that are renter occupied. The median contract rent for these units stood at $175.00 per month, slightly above the overall County median of $161.00. The amount of owner occupied housing units recorded for 1980 was 1,329'. It is impor- t.ant to note that owner occupied housing excludes the following: units at an address with 'two or more units, units on 10 or more acres, units with a commer- cial establishment on the property, and mobile homes and trailers. The median value of the Township occupied housing units was recorded at $38,900, slightly below the County and State median values of $39,700 and $39,100 respectively. Income The mean or average family income of Lawrence Park Township increased by 111.6% during the 1970-80 period. This rapid rise is consistent with that experienced at the County,. State and national levels. The 1980 Census tabulated the mean family income of Lawrence Park at $22,552 (up $11,894 from the 1970 Census re- corded mean family income of $10,658). The median family income was also up -14- sharply for the Township and its 1980 rate of $19,868 was slightly above that of Erie County's ($19,804). However, it was slightly below that of the State ($19,995) and nation ($19,908). The median and mean household income (household income is determined by all persons living in a housing unit regardless of family status) of Lawrence Park in 1980 stood at $18,783 and $20,526 respectively. Both of these figures sur- passed those of Erie County ($16,760 median and $19,040 mean). Following is a table that illustrates the complete household and family income experience of the Township: Table 6 Lawrence Park Township Income 1980 Range of Income Households Families Less than $2,500 9 9 $2,500 to $4,999 52 6 $5,000 to $7,499 157 67 $7,500 to $9,999 108 61 $10,000 to $12,499 139 103 $12,500 to $14,999 120 105 $15,000 to $17,499 102 84 $17,500 to $19,999 228 208 $20,000 to $22,499 72 63 $22,500 to $24,999 94 90 $25,000 to $27,499 86 72 $27,500 to $29,999 127 105 $30,000 to $34,999 139 128 $35,000 to $39,999 52 46 $40,000 to $49j999 87 81 $50,000 to $74,999 36 36 $75,000 or more MEDIAN 18,783 19,868 MEAN 20,526 22,552 Source: .1980 Census. Poverty A total of 229 persons in tbe-Townshiu-were recorded by the 1980 Census as.living in poverty status (according to Federal poverty guidelines). The overall per- centage of poverty was, however, a low one as only 4.99% of the total Township population fell into this category. The rate of poverty is much higher at the Erie County level at 9.76% (27,326 poverty residents divided by 279,780 total residents). -15- The 1980 Census also provided some evidence as to the age groupings of poverty level residents. Of the 229 poverty population, 184 were under 55 years of age, 14 were aged 55 to 59, and 31 were 65 years and over. It should be noted that an additional 100 elderly persons were tabulated by the 1980 Census as being residents within group/institutional quarters. This latter group is not, however, necessarily of poverty level status. Education Lawrence Park Township's population contains 822 persons 18 years old and over that do not possess at least a high school education. This figure translates to a 24.6% rate. The remaining 75.4% of the Township's 18 years old and over age group (2,516 persons) have completed four (4) years of high school at a minimum. Finally, 819 persons, or 24.5% of all 18 years old and over residents within the Township have completed one or more years of college. In comparison, 27.9% of Erie County's total 18 years old and over population, lacked a high school degree, while the remaining 72.1% completed four (4) years of high school; 25.5% of Erie County's 18 years old and over population com- pleted one or more years of college. These percentages were also calculated via 1980 Census raw data. Employment and Labor Force According to the 1980 Census definition of civilian labor force, there were 1,921 persons aged 16 years and over that constituted the employed labor force. Of this amount, there were 1,102 males (57.4%) and 819 females (42.6%). In addition, a total of 160 persons were unemployed (105 male and 55 female) and 1,437 persons aged 16 years and over were not in the labor force due to various reasons (1,011 females and 426 males). Of those persons 16 years and older that were employed, 18.8% (361 persons) held administrative support positions; 15.3% (293 persons) held occupations in assembly, machine operation or inspectors; 13.8% (266 persons) were employed via the precision production, craft and repair occupations; 13.2% (254 persons) were of the special professional occupational group; 11.1% (214 persons) were employed in the service occupations; 8.9% (172 persons) were employed in sales occupations; 7.9% (153 persons) were employed in managerial and special pro- fessional occupations; 3.7% (71 persons) were employed in technical and re- lated support occupations; 3.2% (61 persons) were employed in general labor occupations; 2.9% (55 persons) were employed in the transportation and material moving occupation group; and .8% (16 persons) were employed in the protective service group; and, a very small .2% (5 persons) were employed via the farming, forestry, and fishing occupations. In comparison to overall Erie County 1980 Census statistics, it is interesting to note that percentage wise, the number of persons employed in manufacturing industries is much larger in Lawrence Park, i.e. 48.1% (924 persons) of the Township's total employed labor force (1,921 persons) held their jobs in manu- facturing as compared to the 36.1% County rate. The following Table gives comparative data for the Township and overall County: -16- Table 7 Ealoyed Persons (16 Years and Over) By Industry: Lawrence Park and Erie County 1980 Lawrence Park Erie County Industry Persons % % Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Mining 0 1.8 Construction 36 1.9 3.7. Manufacturing: Nondurable Goods 192 10.0 8.6 Durable Goods 732 38.1 27.5 Transportation 51 2.7 3.0 Communication, Other Public Utilities 46 2.4 3.0 Wholesale Trade 42 2.2 3.0 Retail Trade 263 13.7 16.0 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 95 5.0. 4.6 Business and Repair Services 47 @2.4 3.2- Personal, Entertainment, and-Recreation Services 41 2.1 3.0 Professional and Related Services: --Health Services 109 5.7 8.1 ."EducAtional Services 9.2 7.9 Other Professional and Related Services 39 2.0 3.7, Public Administration 52 2.7 3.0 Totals 1,921 100.0 100.0 Note: Percentages may not add due to rounding. Source: 1980 Census and calculations therefrom. -17- Finally, out of the 1,9 21 persons that constituted the employed labor force in 1980, 87% (1,672 persons) received wages and salaries from private sources; 11.0% (216 persons) received their wages from working in government (Federal, State and local); and 2% (33 persons) received their earnings via self-employment. These percentages closely parallel those of Erie County. POPULATION PROJECTIONS The projection of future population is traditionally included in comprehensive planning'efforts to determine the general extent and need for future community facilities and services. There are numerous different methods which can be used to calculate future population. Some methods are simple, while others are ex- tremely complicated. All, however, provide estimates which are based upon a knowledge of past trends and anticipated future events. Projections of future population, therefore, should be taken with the proverbial "grain of salt," for they are only as reliable as the assumptions on which they are based. Parameters that obviously affect future population size include migration, family size, economic conditions, availability of-public water And sewer as well as the overall amenities and land availability of a community to attract and house future population. As mentioned earlier in this section, the two (2) major factors which will limit future population growth in the Township are the decreasing size of the household and the minimal amount of land available for new development in the Township. In order to give one an example of the effect that these two factors alone would have on the future population growth of the Township, population holding capacities have been developed in the following table. Various growth figures have been.. developed as a result of using the Township's remaining land area, household. size (1980) and various density standards * Please note that the acreage.possi- bilities are laid out to accomm6date the potential..of,full,development (260 acres), golf course development only (200 acres), development of nearly all buildable residential lots outside of the golf course (60 acres), or a small amount of development (25 acres). Table 8 Lawrence Park Township Land Area Holding Capacities Additional Additional Total Additional Potential Average Population Population 1980 Acreage Housing Household With Holding Populatio Available Units Size Development Capacity 4,584 25(A) 156 2.82 439 5,023 4,584 .60(A) 373 2.82 1,052 5,636 4,584 200(A) 1,245 2.82 3,510 8,094 4,584 260(A) li618 2.82 4,563 9,147 4,584 25(B) 109 2.82 3.07 4,891 4,584 60(B) 261 2.82 736 5,320 4,584 200(B) 870 2.82 2,453 7,037 4,584 260(B) 1,131 2.82 3,189 7,773 4,584 200(C) 1,742 2.82 4,912 9,496 4,584 200(C)+60(A)2,115 2.82 5,964 10,548 4,584 200(C)+60(B)2,003 2.82 5,648 10,232 Note: Factors Used: Minimum Lot Size Housing Density (A) 7,000 sq. ft. lot size or 6.22 units per acre (B)10,000 sq. ft. lot size or 4.35 units per acre (C) 5,000 sq. ft. lot size or 8.71 units per acre Source: Consultant's calculations. As can be observed, an ultimate population of 10,548 persons was the output of the holding capacity analysis. This figure is based upon the assumption that the Lawrence Park Golf Course will be fully developed at a maximum of 8.71 units per acre (approximately 200 acres) and that a remaining 60 acres of open land within the Township would be developed at a density of 6.22 units per acre in line with the current most liberal minimum lot size (7,000 sq. ft.) permitted via zoning. The size of the household and base population have been held to the 1980 Census experience within all holding capacity calculations. Obviously, these figures are not realistic for planning purposes; they do, however, offer maximum levels that must be tolerated by any projection methodology. A re- view of population projections that have been made for the Township in the past reveals that all projections have been within the 10,548 person holding capacity of the Township. The following chart compares past projections that have been made for the Township: _19- Table 9 Past Population Projections Lawrence Park Township Source 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Community Improvements Plan - Lawrence Park Township - 1967 4,825* 5,239* 5,271* - - Erie County Population Analysis - 1972 4,632* 4,682* 4,731* Comp. Plan - Beckman Associates - 1980 - 4,800* 4,800* 4,900* 5,000* Actual Census Counts 4,517 4,584 - - - Projected figures. Of the above, the projections contained within the Erie County Population Analysis (completed by the Erie County Metropolitan Planning Department in 1972) have proven to be closest to the Census year 1980. Compared to the official 1980 Census count of 4,584 persons, the projection offered by the County Planning Office was off by a mere 48 persons, or one (1) percent. The projection methodology used by the County was the Cohort-Survival method. Simply stated, this method involves the use of ex- isting birth and death rates for the various age-sex (cohort) groups and a deter- mined survival rate which is factored progressively into the future. The Cohort- Survival technique was based, however, upon the County as a whole. After the County projections were developed, regional and sub-regional (municipal) allocations were made based upon various growth assumptions. For Lawrence Park Township, the authors obviously built in a slow but progressive growth factor, which was correct. Due to the fact that the County projections are well within acceptable deviation of the 1980 Census results, and the 1980-2000 projected figures translate to a 3.2% rate of growth which is a reasonable extension of the rate of increase ex- perienced by the Township during the past two (2) decades (4.1%), the population projections of the Erie County Population Analysis are still viable for planning purposes in Lawrence Park. As development of the Lawrence Park Golf Course is not anticipated, the population capacity identified in Table 9 is also recommended as a maximum growth figure for the purposes of the Plan Update. The following table adapts and extends the County Population Analysis projections by five (5) year increments to the year 2000. -20- Table 10 Lawrence Park Township Recommended Comprehensive Plan Population Projections 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 4,584 4,632 4,682 4,702 4,731 Source: Erie County Population Analysis, Erie County Metropolitan Department. -21- NEIGHBOR1400D ANALYSIS The first Neighborhood Analysis was developed in the 1967 Community Improvement Plan of the-Township. The 1967 Plan identified six neighborhood units for the purpose of statistical analysis and the primary source of information was a field survey. In order to continue the-documentation of neighborhood planning indicators, the 1980 Bureau of Census and a 1983 field survey were used to pro- vide current insight. Due to the fact that the 1980 Census enumeration pro- vided statistical information on population and housing on a block-by-block basis, the same boundaries utilized in the 1967 Plan were used and are shown on the accompanying map. Comparative population and dwelling unit counts are made with the 1970 Census in Table 11 and land use and density figures are detailed in Table 12. Table 11 Lawrence Park Township Selected Neighborhood Analysis Data Concerning Population and Housing 1970-80 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Population 1980 1,190 1 1,203 754 1,238 198 4,584 Population 1970a 1,429 2 1,015 714, 1,370 117 4,634 1970-80 Change -239 -1 188 40 -132 81 -50 Total Dwelling Units - 1980 410 1 448. 267 408 93 1,627 Single Family 4ol 1 427 243 379 20 1,471 2-9 Units 9 0 19 24 27 1 80 10+ Units 0 0 2 0 0 3 Mobile Homes 0 0 0 0 1 72 73 Occupied Rental 18 0 46 79 101 13 257 % of All Units Renter Occupied 4.39% 10.26% 29.58% 24.75% 13.97% 15.79% Persons Per Unit 2.90 2.68 2.82 3.03 2.12 2.82 (2.79)b Total Dwelling Units - 1970a 388 1 328 246 401 51 1,415 1970-80 Dwelling Units Change 22 120 21 7 42 212 (See next page for footnotes) -22- a The 1970 Census total as adjusted to correct errors in tabulation in Neighbor- hood Areas 4 and 6. b The figures in parenthesis represent the household size when the 100 residents of the Twinbrook Nursing Home are deducted from the population. Source: Consultant's calculations from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing Block Statistics for Lawrence Park Township.and 1970 Census material. Table 12 Lawrence Park Township Neighborhood Density and Land Use Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Land Use Residential 95 1 83 25 31 11 246 Commercial 2 0 3@ 8 2 0 15 Industrial 0 0 0 3 4 365 372 Public & Institutional 11 203 18 21 32 0 285 Streets R-O-W's 25 3 33 7 18 11 97 Vacant 32 0 31 0 10 90 163 Total Acres 165 207 168 64 97 477 1,178 1980 Gross Densitya 7.2 7-1 11.8 12.8 .42 3.89 1970 Gross Densitya 8.6 6.0 11.2 14.1 .25 3.93 1980 Net Densityb 12.5 14.5 30.2 39.9 18.0 18.63 1980 Housing Densityc 4.3 5.4 10.7 13.1 8.5 6.61 1970 Housing Densityc 4.0 4.0 9.8 12.9 4.6 5.75 a Gross Density is the number of people per total acreage. b Net Density is the number of people per residential acre. C Housing Density is the number of dwelling units per residential acre. Source: Densi ties calculated by consultant. Land Use figures via Beckman and Associates, 1980. -23- Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number One (1) is bounded by East Lake Road (and the G.E. grounds) on the south, the Lawrence Park Golf Course on the east, the City of Erie on the west and the Lake on the north. In terms of population size, this area places third to neighborhood area numbers five (5) and six (6). During the 1970-80 period, this neighborhood lost 239 persons which resulted in a 16.7% loss in total population. This represented the largest neighbor- hood population decline in the Township. Housing units have, however, slightly increased by 22 units. The reason for this loss is, therefore, tied to the previously described lower family size trend. Neighborhood Area One (1) is composed predominantly of post World War II housing and its overall quality is rated as excellent. The neighborhood is fortunate to have two (2) quality park areas within easy walking distance of all parts of the neighborhood. The few commercial uses that do exist are located along Route 5. These uses are not neighborhood oriented and are located on Route 5 as a result of its arterial location attraction to motorists. No mixed land use problems were identified within the neighborhood and overall it has to be regarded as the most stable residential area in the Township. Zoning in the form of single family predominates and should be continued. No further commercial development along E. Lake Road past Joliette Avenue should be permitted as traffic movement is already a burden to access and egress from this residential area. Future growth will be limited to the vacant land which lies north of McDonalds and the Church property along the City line. The extension of Lakeside Drive and Cabot Avenue into this area should be con- sidered as well as connection to the City of Erie street system in the future design of the potential subdivision. Single family housing at existing density levels would represent the best use of this area, should this open land become marketable. An exception that should be considered would be use of the land as an elderly housing site. NeiShborhood Analysis Unit Number Two (2) is bounded by East Lake Road, Harborcreek Township, Neighborhood #1 and the Lake. The Lawrence Park Golf Course is the predominating use in this area, and next to the General Electric Company, the Golf Course is the major regional attraction within the Township. Its continued use as a golf course will provide the Township with protection of the Four Mile Creek Corridor from Lake Erie to Route 5, in addition to pro- viding a natural focal point for the capture of retail trade. While the goal of conservation should be primary, future economic realities may necessitate a reuse of the property. Considering the location and physiography of the land, the only acceptable development option which should be considered would be residential. While this should not be encouraged, a carefully developed planned residential development ordinance should be maintained that could be used as a discussion document between potential developers and the, Township. Use of cluster development approaches with mandatory open space and easement standards should be built into the ordinance so that future designs are compatible with the existing overall medium development density of the Township and so that the Four Mile Creek and coastal areas are fully preserved. Again, however, maintenance of this area as a conservation district should be a long-term objective of the Township. -24- Neighborhood Analysis. Unit Number Three (3) is bounded by East Lake Road, the Golf Course, Iroquois Avenue, and Nagle Road on the Harborcreek Township line. This particular neighborhood is mainly constituted of older, pre-World War II single family and row-type housing on small lots. Overall, even though the housing is older, the neighborhood is very well maintained and the quality of housing is rated as excellent. Population within neighborhood three (3) has increased by 188 persons or 18.5% during the 1970-80 decade, due largely to new single family construction in the eastern portion of the neighborhood. According to Census data, there was a 30% increase (99 units) in dwelling units experienced during the past decade. While about 90% of the housing within neighborhood three (3) is owner occupied, 17.9% of the entire Township's rental housing market is located in the neigh- borhood. Both population and housing density, however, are still at medium levels and internal density (persons per dwelling unit) is under the Township average. The predominant zoning of the neighborhood is and should continue to be R-1 single family. Public use zoning is also concentrated within this neighborhood to protect Township and school district lands and facilities. The rental housing is fairly well contained within an R-2 residential district located south of Elbow Tree Park to Iroquois Avenue and from Rankine Avenue to the school district property east of Smithson Street. Further pressures for single to two family conversions, in some of the older and larger homes, could well be expected in areas adjacent to the R-2 District. Neighborhood three (3) also contains limited and specialized commercial and public service establishments along Iroquois Avenue, e.g. the State Police Barracks, a funeral home, and medical center. Future plans for the reuse of the Lawrence Park Primary School as an extended elderly care facility and a possible new regional criminal laboratory being constructed on the State Police property are currently being considered. Also, in proximity to the residential neighborhood is the Lawrence Park Branch of the County Library. All considered, there are no blighting influences in Neighborhood three (3). Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number Four (4) is a triangular area cordoned off by Iroquois Avenue, Main Street and Lawrence Parkway. This neighborhood has also witnessed a slight population increase (40 persons or 5.6% increase) during the past ten (10) years. Next to Neighborhood five (5), Neighborhood four (4) has the second highest amount of rental occupied units (79), and overall 30.7% of the Township's 257 rental units are found in this neighborhood. Most, if not all, of the 21 dwelling unit increase established by Neighborhood four (4) during the 1970-80 period was caused as a result of residential conversions. Much of the area, from Napier Avenue through Priestly Avenue, has been zoned as R-2 which accommodates.two (2) family and multi-family conversions. This has created the second highest population density area in the Township. However, internal density (persons per unit) is still at a reasonable (and average) level. The predominant housing found in Neighborhood four (4) is row-type which was constructed prior to World War II. Half of the Township's central business district (CBD) is located in this neighborhood. The CBD will be discussed in the Land Use Plan section. Four Mile Creek Park is also located within this neighborhood which provides both active and passive recreational opportunities for the residents of the area. -25- Potential problems facing Neighborhood four (4) that should cause concern on behalf of Township officials include continued residential conversions, ex- terior property maintenance, and housing deterioration via the aging process. These problems will create the need for combative zoning and housing code standards to protect the majority of investments in the area. Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number Five (5) is bounded by Main Street and Iroquois Avenue on the north, Lawrence Parkway on the west, the East Erie Commercial Railroad on the south and Nagle Road on the east. This particular neighborhood experienced the second highest population loss as 132 persons less were recorded in 1980 than were counted in 1970. This 9.6% decline in population is a direct result of the smaller average family size experience of the Township. Even with this loss, Neighborhood five (5) is still the most heavily populated area in the Township (1,238 persons) and it also has the highest population density (12.8 persons per acre), despite the fact that its 408 dwelling units place only third highest (Neighborhoods 1 and 3 are above) among the six (6) neighborhoods in the Township. The reason for this can be found in the 100 resident population of the Twinbrook Medical Center and the higher persons per unit figure which this creates. When consideration to this fact is given and the group home population is deducted, a more reason- able rate of 2.79 persons per unit is resultant, which is just under the Township average of 2.82 persons per unit. Approximately 25% of the neighborhood's 408 dwelling units are renter occupied and overall, the 101 rental units constitute about 40% of the total rental market (257 units) in the Township. Once again, the predominant housing type is pre-World War II row housing. It should be noted that while the exterior housing quality survey found this neighborhood's housing stock to be in good condition overall, there are several visible deteriorating structures that if not corrected, could be the impetus for future blight. Once again, as was the case in Neighborhood four (4), property maintenance is also regarded as an issue and the overall age of the housing stock should eventually warrant a conservation program. The neighborhood contains about a 60% to 40% mix of R-1 (single) to R-2 (multi) family zoning respectively and while the recent ten year period resulted in only seven (7) additional dwelling units being created in the neighbor- hood, future rental conversion pressures are a possibility. As density levels within this neighborhood, especially the area west of Rankine Avenue to Four Mile Creek Park, are already the highest in the Township, it would be wise to consider future limitations on new conversions that create multi- family structures. The net residential density of this area is approximately 40 persons to each residential acre of land and there are 13.1 dwelling units per residential acre. Both of these statistics are highs for the Township and are reaching the point of being dangerous to overall neighborhood stability. The other land uses of Neighborhood five (5) are the remaining half of the CBD (to be discussed separately later), the Township's Four Mile Creek Park system, the Iroquois School District property and industrial property at the foot of Bell Street and at the intersection of Iroquois and Nagle Roads. While mixed land use problems are not obvious, the close proximity of the East Erie Commercial Rail'road system and the industrial use at the foot of Bell Street add disruptive forces to the primary residential character of the neighborhood. -26- Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number Six (6) is 98% composed of the industrial' land holdings of the General Electric Company', the rail systems and the industrial property south of the tracks abutting Harborcreek Township. The land that remains houses the smallest amount of the Township's population and the predominant form of housing is the mobile home due to the location of Gindy's Mobile Home Park which is located south of the rail right-of-way on land which is,currently zoned B-1 local business. The,residents of the mobile home park are geographically isolated from the remainder of Lawrence Park due to the rail system and lack of an immediate north traffic or pedestrian way. Due to this factor, there is more of a local government identity with nearby Wesleyville Borough and Harborcreek Township on behalf of the park residents. Due to the addition of new mobile homes in the park, the population of Neighborhood six (6) increased by 81 persons during the.1970-80 period and this accounted for a 69.2% population increase, which percentage-wise repre- sented the Township's largest increase (numerically, it ranke&second to Neighborhood three (3). The remaining residential area is located north of the tracks (and south of Bell Street) and consists of approximately twenty (20) single family homes and one (1) multi-unit. More than half of these units are renter occupied. Future industrial use represents the most likely investments within this neighborhood and concern should be given to screening from adjacent neighbor- hoods as well as giving'pri*ority to industries that could benefit from the existing rail systems. Neighborhood Synopsis In order to determine the overall soundness and generally rate each neighborhood .in the Township, a scoring matrix was developed and applied to a number of variables. The following chart includes the results of the,neighborhood scoring. Each variable (listed in the vertical column) held a spread of points ranging from 0-5. The highest score possible was 40-po'ints. The first four (4) variables in'the chart were rated on the basis of rank while the final four (4),variables were rated subjectively based on in-kield survey by the consultant., Neighborhood number two (2) was not ranked as it is the Golf Course property., -27- Table 13 Lawrence Park Township Comparative Neighborhood Characteristics Rating Matrix % of Occupied Net Density Housing Persons Sub Neighborhood Housing of Po2ulation Density Per Unit Total 1 5 5 1 16 3 A .4 4 4 16 4 1 2 2 2 7 5 2 1 1 3 7 6 3 3 3 5 14 Housing Land Use Neighborhood Amenities Quality Aesthetics Solidarity Total 1 5 5 5 5 20 3 5 4 4 4 17 4 3 3 3 3 12 5 2 3 3 3 11 6 1 3 3 3 10 Total Neighborhood Points Rank 1 36 First 3 33 Second 4 19 Fourth 5 18 Fifth 6 24 Third Source: Consultant It is important to note that the scoring method used is grounded in comparative analysis. In other words, the ranking is in relation to Lawrence Park only; the lowest ranked neighborhoods (Numbers 4 and 5) could well be rated much higher in other communities. -28- Also, it is important to note that other factors, which were not readily avail- able on a.neighborhood basis via Census releases (such as poverty level inhabi- tants, value of housing, and interior housing quality), could very well-alter the results of this comparison. Generally, however, it is felt that the in- dicators used..herein are representative of meaningful neighborhood comparative data. -29- TOWNSHIP FISCAL ANALYSIS This analysis presents a summary of recent trends in revenues and expenditures for Lawrence Park Township as wel '1 as a projection of the short-range fiscal situation of the Township. The intent of this analysis is to determine the Township's general capability to finance future capital projects and services. The following table represents a simplified version of the Township's receipt experience for the past five (5) years. Detailed breakdowns of each category can be found in the respective Annual Audit and Financial Report for the given year in which it was prepared and submitted to the State. Table 14 summary of Receipts Lawrence Park Township 1978-1982 Receipts 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Tax Receipts Real Estate $ 220,835 $ 220,576 $ 228,986 $ 249,572 $ 156,382 Occupation _0.@.; -0- -0- 49,445 Act 511 395,089 411,761 475,478 437,527 421,720 Total Taxes 615,924 $ 632,338 $ 724,464 $ 687,099 $ 627,547 Other Revenue Licenses & Permits $ 2,890 $ 3,091 $ 2,818 $ 12,805 $ 7,566 Fines, Forfeits,,Cost 10,174 13,160 12,.046 @12,189 12,168 Interest & Rents 128,430 240,154 278,782 355,463 347,007 Grants & Gifts 171,469 165,635 182,817 174,359 195,261 Departmental Earnings 7,325 7,030 6,394 93,696 212,354 Special Assessments & Liens 3,787 -0- -0- -0- -0- Miscellaneous Revenue 429 131,720 96,152 32,766 Total Other Revenue 324,503 $ 560,789 $ 579,009 $ 681,280 $ 826,444 Total Taxes & OtherRevenue $ 940,427 $1,193,127 $1,303,474 $1,368,379 $1,453,990 Non-Revenuel $ 407,775 $ 380,674 $ 481,284 $ 600,285 $ 615,089 Cash Balance2 ($ 29,034) $ 33,075 $ 67,507 $ 86,251 $ 118,130 Securities & Investments3 $ 490,798 $ 705,589 $ 630,000 $ 775,000 $ 895,000 GRAND TOTAL $lL809_,965 $2,312;465 $22482 265 $2,829,915 $3 082 210 1 Interfund Transfers are included. 2 3 Cash balance from previous year. Securities & Investments held at beginning of the year. Note: Totals may not add exactly due to rounding. Source: Annual Audit and Financial Reports of Lawrence Park (1978-1982). -30- RECEIPTS Tax Revenues of the Township come from several sources: the real estate tax, the occupation privilege tax, the wage or earned income tax, the real estate transfer tax, and the small mechanical devices tax. All but the standard real estate tax are products of Pennsylvania Act 511 of 1965, the Local Tax En- abling Act. By far, the largest tax receipt comes from the local wage tax. This tax comes from all working Township residents and is a fixed one(l) percent tax that is shared evenly between the Township and the School District. Over the past five (5) years, the wage tax has constituted 65.14% of all taxes received by the Township. The wage tax reached a high in 1980 when $459,367 was collected. Due to the recent recession, this tax resource fell by $55,135 or 12% by the end of 1982. The wage tax and all other Act 511 taxes are shown in the following table. The Occupation Privilege Tax, which is a $10.00 per head tax charged to all who work in Lawrence Park, is a new tax which will offer the Township (and the School District which shares half of the tax) some relief over the decreasing wage tax and its recent loss in assessed valuation caused by the General Electric Company's appeal. The real estate (deed) transfer tax generation also shows signs of being affected by the current recession as it is down from late 1970 decade levels. The transfer tax is a 2% tax which is collected by the County and split evenly with the State and the Township, on the occasion of real estate sales. The small mechanical devices tax is a flat $50.00 tax on amusement machines in the Township, and is the smallest tax revenue producer. Table 15 Act "511" Local Tax Generation Occupation Real Estate Mechanical Year Privilege Tax Transfer Devices Wage Tax Total 1978 -0- $23,691 $1,800 $3691599 $395,090 1979 -0- 21,822 1,750 388,190 411,761 1980 -0- 14,660 1,450 459,367 475,478 1981 -0- 15,869 1,500 420,158 437,527 1982 $49,445 15,088 2,400 404,232 471,165 Source: Lawrence Park Annual Audit and Financial Reports (1978-1982). Next to the wage tax, the real estate property tax is the highest tax revenue source. This tax reached its historical high in 1981, at $249,572. However, an assessment appeal was made and relief was granted in County Court to the General Electric Company. This reduction in assessed valuation was the reason for the decline of close to $93,190 of real estate tax dollars in the year 1982. In terms with the 1981 court settlement, the General Electric Company was awarded with a declining assessment base which will hit a low in the year 1985 and stabilize at 3.1 million in 1986. The following table includes the 1981 court approved General Electric -31- assessment rates as well as what these annual (40% Assessed Valuation) figures can be expected to generate in actual taxes. Comparative, pre-court settlement, years of 1979 and-1980 are also included. Table 16 General Electric Company Assessment Tax Year 40% Assessed Valuation Millage Tax Levy 1979 $169100,000 8.75 $157,121 1980 $11,300,000 9.75 .$110,175 1981 $ 8,700,000 9.75 $ 84,825 1982 $ 6,5009000 9.75 $ 63,375 1983 $ 49700,000 9.75 $ 45,825 1984 $ 39200,000 9.75 $ 31,200 1985 $ 2,400,000 9.75 $ 23,400 1986 $ 3,100,000 9.75 $ 30,225 Source: Lawrence Park Township Records, 1983. The above figures do not include recent real property construction of the General Electric Company. The following figures represent the 40% assessed valuation level of the General Electric Company with new development added on top of the figures negotiated at the 1981 court settlement (as listed in the previous table): 1983 - $5,760,620; 1984 - $49348,806; 1985 - $3,546,271; and 1986 - $4,246,291. As General Electric Company property taxes have annually (prior to 1981) averaged well over 50% of the total real estate tax levy of the Township, the upcoming court approved schedule and new method of assessing new property added at the General Electric plant will adversely affect the revenue producing means of the property tax in Lawrence Park. For example, during the year 1979, the tax levy on the General Electric assessed valuation was $157,121 or 69.9% of the total Township levy of $224,640, while during the current year 1983 (which includes an additional $13,648,825 in new property added at the plant), the General Electric levy is down to $56,166 or 37.2% of the total levy. The overall real estate tax situation of the Township for the past five (5) years is included in the following table: -32- Table 17 Trends in Assessed Valuation & Taxes Generated Lawrence Park Township 1978-1982 Assessed Millage Taxes Taxes Year Valuation 40% Rate Tax Levy Collected Outstanding 1978 $25,606,812 8.75 $224,060 $220,835 $3,175 1979 $25,673,140 8.75 $224,640 $220,576 $1,302 1980 $25,700,488 9.75 $250,580 $248,987 $1,453 1981 $25,762,456 9.75 $251,186 .$249,572 $1,520 1982 $16,234,336 9.75 $158,285 $156,382 $1,330 Source: Lawrence Park Annual Audit and Financial Reports (1978-1982). Last, in relation to taxes, the Township still has much of its taxing potential available should future revenue needs so dictate. The accompanying table, as ex- tracted from the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs Taxation Manual (1980) is included for future reference. Table 18 First Class Townships Potential Tax Sources Legal Limit1 GENERAL PURPOSE TAX LEVIES 2 Real Estate 30 Mills 2 Occupation 30 Mills Act 511 Taxes Per Capita $10 Occupation (Flat Rate) $10 Occupation (Millage) No Limit Occupational Privilege $10 Earned Income 1% Deed Transfer 1% Mechanical Devices No Limit Amusement 10% Mercantile 1 Mill Wholesale l-2 Mills Retail Business Privilege No Limit SPECIAL PURPOSE TAXES 3 Firehouses and Equipment 3 Mills Shade Trees Mill Municipal Building No Limit Debt Service No Limit Pensions and Retirement 1/2 Mill Fire and Water District 2 Mills Permanent Improvement Fund 5 Mills Recreation No Limit Library 3 Mills Ambulance and Rescue Squads 1/2 Mill -33- Home rule townships may set rates higher than the limits pro- vided in state law for property@taxes and for personal taxes levied on residents. They may not create-new subjects of taxation. 2 Five additional mills available with court approval. 3 Higher rate may be approved by voters in referendum.. Source:, Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, Taxation Manual, 1980. Grants from federal, state and Erie County government also comprise a major portion of,the Township's revenue resources. Categorically, grants and gifts placed third highest in the Township's 1982 year's receipts experience. The $889,541 in grants that 'have been brought in during the past five (5) years has enabled the,Township to'directly and supplementally (with other Township finances) finance numerous projects. The following table includes the'components of the-annual grant re- sources of the Township. The two (2) major mainstay grants (State Liquid Fuels and Revenue Sharing) constituted 79% of all grants received in 1982, which was the high year for grants received. Both of these grants are based upon formulas that take various factors into effect. State Liquid Fuels is based upon the municipality's population and road mileage for the return of the state gasoline tax and revenue sharing is based,upon a three (3) part formula that considers population, per , capita income and the expenditures of a community. It is anticipated that both of these grants-will be continuing. .Table 19 Grants.RecOaived by Source Lawrence Park Township@ 1978-1982 State Federal County Highway Revenue Liquid Public Other Year Fund Sharing Fuel Utility Grants/Gifts Totals 1978 $23,979 $100,071 $ 4,250 $5,275 $37,844 $171,469 1979 $24,721 $105,913 _O_* $5,993 $29,008 $165,635 1980 $27,678 $113,549 -0-* $5,741 $35,850 $182,817 1981 $24,906- $116,165 $ 4,250 $8,305 $20,734 $174,359 .1982 $40,563 $112,814 $13,040 $7,239 $21,605 $195,261 Grant held in escrow account for Township, used in 1982. Source: Annual Audit and Financial Reports of Township (1978-1982). -34- The category entitled "Other Grants/Gifts" includes various single purpose grants generally always awarded for a one year period. Categorical (federal or state) grants are the most volatile and cannot be counted on for budgeting purposes. The County Liquid Fuels and Public Utility grants, while small, can, however, be expected to be ongoing,grant receipt resources. Other Revenue receipts brought into the Township are derived, in order of impor- tance, through: interest, departmental earnings, miscellaneous revenue, fines/ forfeits and costs,, licenses and permits, and special assessments., The overall revenue category, excluding grants, has risen 412.45% during the past five (5) years from $153,034 in 1978 to $631,183. Interest earned by the Township has been the major contributor to this rapid rise as-interest has grown by $218,577 o-r 270.19% from $128,430 in-1978 to $347,007 in 1982. Interest in 1982 accounted for 54.97% of the total "Other Revenue" (excluding grants). The major source of interest income is from the "Special Revenue Fund" which provided $229,568 in 1982. This amount came from,thd return of interest on unclaimed wage tax receipts. Departmental earnings have been up the past two years due to sanitary sewer in- stallations and billings. Miscellaneous revenue of $52,087 in 1982 was made up of $2,832'from Cable T..V., $1,817 from Fire Insurance, and $47,438 from the Police and Municipal Pension Funds. The remainder of the "Other Revenue" category, i.e. fin*es, forfeits, licenses and permits, are summarized in the table at the beginning of this analysis (see Table 14). Non-Revenue Receipts provide the final category. The majority of receipts under this listing do not alter the net value of Township assets, for they are mainly -interfund transfers. A receipt of $12,736 was, however, recorded in this cate- gory in 1982 via contractual payments from the Pennsylvania Department of Trans- portation for snow removal. EXPENDITURES The major categories of the Township's expenditure experience for the years 1978-1982 are shown,on Table 20. Again, for a detailed breakdown of individual categories the reader is referred to the appropriate year's Annual Audit and Financial Report of the Township. The following table breaks the expenditures experience of the Township into two (2) basic categories: Government and Non-Government. -35- Table 20 Summary of Expenditures Lawrence Park Township 1978-1982 Expenditures 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Government Expenditures Administration $ 120,135 $ 46,186 $ 67,434 $ 68,542 $ 99,690 Tax Collection 6,801 9,595 9,888 10,439 11,832 Munic. Buildings 17,691 19,258 33,077 20,794 90,008 Police 167,059 206,034 212,325 207,166 260,633 Fire 20,969 50,839 56,612 19,089 20,850 Planning-Zoning- Reg. 3,902 10,567 9,453 17,196 7,060 Civil Defense -0- 94 -0- 20 261 Health & Sanitation 184,031 210,283 242,982 308,473 331,259 Highways 161,214 586,063 344,913 329,832 203,050 Library 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Parks & Recreation 49,807 55,679 67,921 70,878 77,576 Miscellaneous 35,688 41,214 103,732 69,214 42,605 Interest 774 -0- -0- -0- -0- Municipal , 4 (6,270) 6,270 (5,738) (5,738) (5,738) Authority Total Government $ 771,070 $1,245,082 $1,151,340. $1,124@643 $1,147,824 Non-Governmentl $ 389,006 $ 369,875 $ 469,674 $ 692,142 $ 625,775 Cash Balance2 $ 32,867 $ 67,507 $ 86,251 $ 118,130 $ 647,856 Securities & Investments3 $ 617,022 $ 630,000 $ 775,000 $ 895,000 $1,095,000 GRAND TOTAL $1,809,965 $2,312,465 $2,482,265 -$2,829,915 $3,082,210 1 Non-Governmental includes transfers to other funds. 2 Cash Balance left at the end of the year. 3 Securities and Investments held at the end of the year. 4 Represents the Township's pledge to the Tri-Community Recreation Authority. The annual pledge is made via the Township's Special Reserve Fund and totals shown during the 1978-1982 period are included within the Recreation or Miscellaneous expenditure categories. Note: Totals may not add exactly due to rounding. Source: Annual Audit and Financial Reports of Lawrence Park (1978-1982). -36- Government expenditures have risen $376,754 or 49% from the $771,070 spent in 1978 to the $1,147,824 in 1982. This rate of expenditure has been well under the total of receipts (tax and other revenue) which rose by $513,563 or 55% during the same period. The highest annual governmental expenditures over the past five (5) years were: highway related expenses ($1,625,072), health and sanitation ($1,277,028) and police ($1,053,217). Altogether, these three (3) basic Township services made up 72.7% of the total government expenditures during the past five (5) years, with highways accounting for 29.9%, health and sanitation 23.5% and police 19.3%. The remaining 27.3% of the Township's annual expenditures during the past five (5) years was not dominated by any one spending category. It is interesting to note that, while spending increases have occurred in most categories, that the record indicates numerous fluctuating (rise and fall) spending experiences on a year to year basis. Only two (2) categories (Health and Sanitation and Parks and Recreation) have exhibited straight line increases during the past five (5) years. Due to capital equipment and operating needs, annual expenses under both the municipal building and fire protection categories have fluctuated. The Lawrence Park Volunteer Fire Company annually conducts fund raising and, therefore, the monies shown in Table 20 represent only Township governmentts direct contribu- tion. For example, during the year 1982, close to $40,000 in additional revenue was generated by the Fire Company as a result of its fund raising activities. Non-Government Expenses of the Township, as was the case with most of the non- revenue receipts, were almost completely comprised of bookkeeping transfers and as such, this category of expenses is irrelevant to the fiscal analysis. Cash Balances remaining at the end of each budget year have been maintained. Most of the cash balance monies are a result of the Special Reserve Fund via the Earned Income or Wage Tax. These monies are normally transferred to the General Fund and the Investment Funds for use in the following year. The Cash Balance amount at the end of the year has been extremely important to the Township in the past two (2) years in enabling it to compensate for the revenue decline caused by the General Electric reassessment. Securities and Investments of the Township have increased at a healthy rate during the past five (5) years to over the one million dollar mark. The cumulative five (5) year growth rate of 77.46% rendered an average 15.49% in- crease in the cash holding accounts of the Township., Of the 1982 year-end balance, $636,000 or 58% of the total $1,095,000 in securities and investments was held in the Capital Reserve Fund. The remaining investments were held in the six (6) other active operating funds of the Township. Borrowing Capacity is the term used to signal the extent to which Township government can incur debt. Borrowing capacity is regulated by State law and is determined specifically by a formula prescribed by the Pennsylvania Local Government Unit Debt Act. For Lawrence Park Township, borrowing capacity is equal to 250% of its "borrowing base". The borrowing base is the average of total revenues (less certain exclusions) of the General Fund for the three (3) -37- most recent years, which for the period 1980-82, gave the Township a $1,191,135 figure for the year 1983. The application of the aforementioned formula ($1,191,135 x 250%) renders a $2,977,838 Non-Electoral Debt Limitation for Lawrence Park. This figure represents the maximum aggregate indebtedness that the Township can accumulate at any given time without the approval of the electorate. As the Township has no debts incurred, it is at 100% of its borrowing capacity. FISCAL PROJECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In order to determine the future availability of funds for-the operating and capital expenditure needs of the Township, a basic projection of revenue was made. The primary purpose of this projection is to provide insight into the Township's potential financial situation for the ensuing five year period.based upon recent trends and known or anticipated short-term events. In order to project future income, a variety of methods were used. Each normal recurring income source included within the previous fiscal analysis was projected separately based upon various assumptions and/or factors. Some of the major assumptions and factors used in the revenue projection series are as follows: - Population and housing growth will be very minimal during the upcoming five (5) years and the bulk of new tax value added will be via commercial and industrial property. - Current (1983) tax and assessment rates have been utilized throughout the projection period. No County-wide reassessment is expected. - The General Electric Company assessment and subsequent tax take of the Township will be based upon 'the 1981 court settlement and the value of new construction added at a fixed percentage rate of 7.77% which was derived during the 1979-83 experience. In regards to the latter, $13,648,825 worth of new construction was added and the 40% assessed valuation was cal- culated at $1,060,620 or 7.77% of total value. The 40% assessment figures projected for the General Electric Company are as follows: 1983 $5,760,620; 1984 - $4,348,806; 1985 - $3,546,271; and-1986 to 1988 $4,246,271. - The current recession which has recently resulted-in high unemployment among the Township's work force will continue to affect the earned income tax re- ceipts of the Township through 1983, with marked improvement expected in 1984 and thereafter. - The wage tax will continue to be the largest tax receipt, followed in impor- tance by the real estate tax, occupational privilege and remaining "existing" Act 511 taxes. No new taxes or higher levies in existing rates of taxation have been programmed. - Single purpose categorical grants have not been projected due to funding un- knowns. No substantial gain is expected in the normal formula based (i.e. Revenue Sharing and Liquid Fuels) grants annually received by the Township due to growth conditions. -38- Most of the "Other Revenue" items received by the Township will increase either proportionately to past experience or will be maintained at an average (1978-82) level. Interest earned on securities and investments will continue to be a major source of income to the Township. However, the increase will not be as dramatic as experienced in the.1978-82 period due to less investing and lower interest rates. Interest earned on the unclaimed wage tax will be reduced-to around $100,000 during the 1984-88 period. With the preceding in view, the following income projections were developed for the Township for the years 1983-1988: Table 21 Lawrence Park Township Five Year ir-ojected Revenue & Other Receipts Revenue Source 1983 1984 1985 :1986 1987 198,8 Real Estate $ 149,150 $ 136,295 $ 129,528 $ 138,198 $ 139,643 $ 141,088 Tax* Act 511 Taxes 442,000 487,000 5,04,000 546,000 574,000 594,000 Total Tax $ 591,150 $ 623,295 $. 633,528 $ 684,198 $ 713,643 $ 735,088 Revenue .Grants $ 213,890 $ 186,700 $ 192,650 $ 193,350 $ 205,750 $ 213,250 Other Revenue $ 437,810 $ 447;000 $ 456,000 $ 475,000 $ 480,000 $ 510,000 Total $1,242,850 $1,256,995 $1,352,548 $1,399,393 $1,458,338 Source: Consultant's'projections. Overall, the above income projections indicate a slight 17.3% five (5) year increase. As the.current year is projected@to be under the amount of receipts generated in 1982 ($1,453,990), the amount projected for the year 1988 indicates that the Township will be forced to base future budgets on a static revenue producing basis. The above projections do not include non-revenue transactions, cash balances or securities and investments held by the -Township. Currently, considering the Township's debt free situation and investments held, the financial health of the Township should be considered well above average. There is, however, cause for short-term concern, due mainly to the loss of General. Electric Company assessment and the anticipated lower rate of receipt of the unclaimed wage tax and interest earned on it, that -39- should create the need for more serious financial planning by the Township in the future in order that needed capital projects may be implemented and that Township services may be continued at its current quality level. The following general recommendations would also benefit the Township in meeting its objective of fiscal responsibility: (1) Develop and annually update a local capital improvements program that covers a minimum and ongoing period of five (5) years. .(2) Continue the pursuit of state and federal funds, to aid in financing necessary local projects and programs that are beyond full local participation. (3) Evaluate proposals for new development in terms of additional tax revenues produced versus increased costs of service to the Township. (4) Adopt subdivision and land development regulations to protect the Township by having the developer pay for all improvements at inception. (5) Commission independent financial feasibility studies to determine the cost-effectiveness of contracting versus Township operation of public services, i.e. street maintenance and refuse collection. -40- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The Comprehensive Plan for Lawrence Park Township contains five basic compo- nents: (1) a Statement of Goals and Objectives which are the foundation of the Comprehensive Plan, (2) the Land Use Plan, (3) the Housing Plan, (4) the Transportation Plan, and (5) the Community Facilities and Utilities Plan. The Comprehensive Plan is a.development guide for Lawrence Park Township to the target year 2000. It is comprised of a series of recommendations which, if implemented, can assist in promoting and guiding community development. The power to implement the Plan recommendations rests with the elected Township Commissioners. It is this group of individuals that decides when and what recommendations are to be executed. Planning, however, is a continuing pro- cess and the Planning Commission, in its role as the major community advisory group to the Township Commissioners, must provide regular guidance to the local decision making process. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Fundamentally, the community planning process involves the intelligent gui- dance and control of a municipality's growth and improvement.. Community planning is based on the premise that existing conditions can be improved, future needs can be fulfilled, and steps can be undertaken to.develop and maintain a desirable physical, social and economic environment within the community. In planning, it is an axiom that every municipality is unique, and no stan- dardized concepts or patterns of development can be expected to validly apply to all communities. Rather, it is necessary that each community decide for itself how it wants to grow and the kind of community it wants to be. There- fore, the first step in formulating a comprehensive planning program for Lawrence Park is to determine general goals and objectives which will reflect what it expects or hopes to achieve through planning. A goal can be defined as a desirable state toward which one is working. To maintain their long-term validity, the goals must be general in nature and reflect the desire to provide an attractive community with quality neighbor- hoods, schools, recreation facilities and other public facilities, plus employment opportunities. Planning objectives describe specific facets of each goal in terms of attain- able conditions and thereby indicate more precisely the individual components that make up the goal. From these plan goals and objectives, one can then begin to analyze a communityfs characteristics and develop specific recommen- dations or projects to intelligently guide and control a municipality's growth and improvement. Land Use Goal To maintain and perpetuate a land use pattern which includes a wide variety of inter-related land uses in proper proportion to the needs and land area of the Township, and one which provides compatibility with existing neighborhood development and the natural environment. -41- Objectives (1) Protect the existing residential neighborhoods of the Township from future mixed land uses that would alter and deter the living environment. (2) Require high property maintenance standards of all property owners in the Township. (3) Limit the strip commercial development on East Lake Road to the north side from the City line to Joliette Avenue. (4) Maintain the pure single family residential character of neighborhood unit number one (1). (5) Reserve all public and institutional lands within the Township for the environmental, recreation, education, aesthetic, cultural and civic needs of existing and future residents. (6) Limit and confine apartment and multi-family residential to its current location in order to avoid high density neighborhood situations and further encroachment within single family areas. (7) Require that any major, new subdivision provide a density of development that is consistent with adjacent neighborhoods. (8) Promote the revitalization of the Central Business District by encouraging private and public investments. (9)- Reserve the lands south of the East Erie Commercial Railroad for future industrial use, and maintain existing designated industrial zones at present scale for short-term expansion needs. Environmental Goals To preserve, enhance and coordinate the natural and man-made environment of the Township. (1) Restrict new development within the environmental corridors of the Town- ship and prohibit structural development within identified flood plain areas. (2) Promote the use of aesthetically pleasing landscaping practices in all new development. (3) Encourage the elimination, isolation or screening of all scenic detriments. (4) Avoid further structural encroachment on the Lake Erie bluffs. (5) Control the use of signs in terms of number, size, type and location and encourage attractiveness and uniformity in their design. -42- (6) Promote innovative development concepts such as planned residential development which encourages variety in neighborhood design and man- dates the reservation of common open space. (7) Maintain and enforce provisions to accommodate the safe runoff of storm water and protect the storm water channels. Housing Goal Provide adequate housing for the present and future residents of Lawrence Park Township. (1) Maintain the diversity in housing types and residential neighborhoods so that a reasonable choice of living environment is possible. (2) Preserve the existing housing stock through the use of public and private actions and incentives that encourage housing quality and maintenance. (3) Eliminate substandard housing units by removing those which cannot be salvaged and by rehabilitating those units that can be feasibly salvaged. (4) To encourage residential apartment type uses at reasonable density as a secondary use in the Central Business District. (5) To assist the low and moderate income elderly of the Township and main- tain their residence in the community through development of public housing in a convenient location. (6) Protect and preserve structures and neighborhoods that are historically significant. (7) Restrict further apartment conversions within established single family dwellings. Transportation Goal To provide the safe and convenient circulation and movement of goods and people within the Township and to points beyond utilizing all methods practical. (1) Provide for the separation of through and local traffic in order to facilitate movement both within the community and between neighboring municipalities. (2) Coordinate and integrate the transportation systems of the Township with that of the region. (3) Protect the traffic capacity of all roads in the Township with specific emphasis on East Lake Road, Iroquois Avenue and Lawrence Parkway. (4) Promote safe and convenient internal traffic movement within the Township by eliminating dangerous road conditions, hazardous intersections and the avoidance of future indirect connections to existing highways. -43- (5) Provide for pedestrian walkways wherever warranted by vehicular traffic and other activities. (6) Provide for adequate street systems and off-street parking in all future developments. (7) Provide for public mass transit services in conjunction with the Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority. (8) Provide safe bikeways along the Township's major arteries that connect with adjacent community bikeways. Public Facilities and Services Goal To provide for facilities, services and utilities of the quantity and quality necessary to meet the physical, social, safety, cultural and recreation needs of the Township and to do so in a fiscally responsive manner. (1) Maintain adequate police and fire protection throughout the community. (2) Provide for adequate public water and sewer services in all areas of the community where existing or planned development or population densities warrant such services. (3) Maintain a community parks and recreation system offering a wide range of recreational opportunities for local residents within walking distance of all neighborhoods. (4) Provide for orderly and timely expenditures through capital improvements programming to reflect the public facility needs of the community. (5) Provide for adequate Township facilities for the effective management of the community. -44- CITY OF ERIE MALLEY WE. A@E. C9 L7 111F 11 LAWMN E Y IF 0 Ps SET AVE 11c, H MEWYM @@z RAE SILLIMAN AVE. @SMITMWN AVE. TYOALL 1111, Rm H Ill, I I NRIA-E WARSONCREEK TO"s.Ip 0 z 3 m CT -u (D co CD S, > co 0 m CD x 0 CID On the existing land use map, these lands are depicted according to actual functional use. For example, Township Parks are shown as recreational while structural facilities such as schools and churches are.designated institutional irregardless of ownership. The Land Use Plan (see map) accommodates most all of the existing public and institutional lands as well as a few privately owned (e.g. the Lawrence Park Golf Course and some General Electric 'Property) lands under the Conservation category. The remaining public and institutional uses that are not included within the Conservation designation (e.g. churches) are uses which should blend in within any particular overall land use designation (e.g. residential or commercial) and should be accommodated within zoning policies. The Conservation District's maj*o'r purpose is to retain land that is necessary for the environmental (flood plain and storm drainage), educational, and recreational needs of the Township. Perhaps the most visible and necessary portion of the Conservation-Plan is the open space buffer between the General Electric Plant and the residential neighborhoods.centered on Main Street. Presently, zoning allows for commercial development within this area. The provision was incorporated to accommodate off-street parking on this site. While the zoning should accommodate off-street parking, it should not allow for potential changes to commercial. The longer term impact of the Water Street Expressway proposal could also exert commercial pressures in the area and this should not be encouraged since it would adversely affect the safety and traffic carrying capacity of the improved road system as well as impact on the adjacentresidential neighborhoods. Vacant The amount of potentially developable land that remains. in-Lawrence Park is limited and comprises about 163 acres or 13.8% of the total land area of the Township. Not all of this vacant land is residential in current or preferred designation via zoning. About 90-100 acres of the,total is located south'of the East Erie Commercial Railroad and is either owned by various rail systems that occupy the ar ea, the Pennsylvania Electric Company, or private concerns. .The Lawrence Park Golf Course, which is. categorized as a recreational land use, several other parks, easements and right-of-ways of utility companies are not included as vacant lands as all are being used according to their intended function. The ramifications of t'his'limited land situation have been discussed and were taken into consideration in the population analysis (see Table 8). The land use plan proposes that all vacant lands be developed in the future and that the only two (2) forms of development that are acceptable are residential and industrial in nature. The single family designation is recommended for all residential land use that is currently vacant and light industrial use is recommended'in'the southern portion of the Township. Residential Approximately 20.9% of the Township's total land area or 246 acres is in the residential designation. In 1980, the net housing density of this land was 6.6 units per acre. -46- -Approximately one-third of the total residential land area is composed of two and multi-family structures. The approximate 82 acres of multi-family,is con- centrated in the older areas of the Township in neighborhoods 4 and 5 and there is a need to contain future conversion activity within and adjacent to already established areas. The Land Use Plan map, therefore, allows for some additional area abutting the already existing multi-family area for future conversions and multi-family market needs. A comparative observation of the two (2) land use maps will avail the reader of these nominal but reasonable additions. Again, it is the position of the Township that,further infiltration of multi-family situations into established single-family neighborhoods must be avoided in the future to limit neighborhood densities and preserve traditional single-family investments. The low density designation (on the Land Use Plan map) is to accommodate the single family environment while the medium density designation includes two and multi-family situations as well as the mobile home park. in addition to this modest expansion of multi-family housing, the'remainder of the Township's residential land use is proposed to remain single family in its present form. Also, the vacant lands that do remain, that are shown on the existing.Land Use Map, should be developed at single family residential (low) densities that are compatible with adjacent neighborhoods (e.g. the land abutting the Lakeside Subdivision in the northwest corner of the Township). The major potential residential concern is the development of the Lawrence Park Golf Course property. While it is not anticipated that the Golf Course 'will be abandoned for this more active (residential) use during the period of this comprehensive plan (to the year 2000), the fact, that the site is located within the urban area and has all facilities and utilities available would make it an attractive candidate in the future should market conditions for residential development increase. While it is the desire and intent of the Township to maintain the present joint conservation and recreation use of this land for.,the longer term future, it would be prudent to have immediate access to a contemporaryand well thought out Planned Residential Development Ordinance. This ordinance would specify the use, density, recreation, con- servation, facility and utility standards, that would constitute.the rules of development of this site. 'The preparation and adoption of a traditional Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance would be a satisfactory management tool for the limited other possi- ble development situations in the Township. Industrial Approximately 372 acres are currently held under industrial use within the Township, making this classification the most active land use in the Township. This acreage represents 31.6% of the total area in the Township and the General Electric Company is the predominating land holder. The General Electric Com- pany plant is the largest industrial employer and major i'nstallation in Erie County. It constitutes the most intensive land use element in the community. The General Electric is well buffered from thecommunity by major highways and internal building setbacks and screening. Recent expansion activities and announcements of the continuing need for..an Erie based operation have been made by the General Electric Company. They have been well received and indicate with some sense of security that the General Electric will continue to be functioning within the Township for years to come. -47- The other industrial users in the Township are the.rail systems and Penelec in the southern area of the Township, East Side Machine Products at Iroquois Avenue and Nagle Road, and Tanner Manufacturing behind the School District property on Bell Street. The Land Use Plan provides for the continuing use of all of the aforementioned, as well as room for new industrial expansion in the southern portion of the Township, where the rail facilities are advantageous and land is sectioned off from the remainder of the residential community. Future industrial develop- ment within this area should meet high standards with respect to environmental performance so as not to cause any adverse impact on neighboring residential areas. Particular attention should be devoted to screening and buffering around the mobile home park which is expected to be a longer.term. continuing use in the lower (south) portion of the Township. Commercial Only 15 acres or a small 1.3% of the total land area of the Township is actively devoted to commercial use. There are four (4) areas within the Township which either currently house commercial uses and/or could be subjected to further pressures for commercial zoning designations in the future: (1) East Lake Road, (2) Iroquois Avenue, (3) Lawrence Parkway, and (4) the Central Business District. Of these, the Central Business District is recognized as the major commercial area in the Township and its current problems demand joint public and private action to reverse its declining situation. A separate Central Business District analysis and plan immediately follow this section. Further .zoning policies should not provide competition to the Central Business District. Due to the small community atmosphere of Lawrence Park, the need to centralize activities should be a priority. Zoning to accommodate regional or arterial@ pass-through trade should be downplayed in the future and as previously stated, no commercial development at all is recommended for Lawrence Parkway. Both the East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue corridors are in need of future commer- cial zoning containment. Access and egress to the residential area in the northern portion of the Town- ship, next to the Golf Course, is already troublesome with the high volume of traffic along East Lake Road, and further ribbon development past,Joliette Avenue would only further compound the problem. The few other existing commer- cial uses (hotel, restaurant and tavern) that are spotted off of East Lake Road (see existing land use map) should be regarded as longer term, nonconforming uses by the Township and zoning policies should not encourage additional commer- cial development next to these uses. Iroquois Avenue, likewise, should not be permitted to further develop commer- cially. The parcel that was recently rezoned (the old Primary School site) for an extended elderly care facility should mark the beginning of the commercial district which would run through to the Harborcreek Township line on the north side only. -48- CITY ERIE F F3 KALLEY Me. RVEY AVE. C9 29 C4 29 QO C9 JL7 TT i LAWIMM41 PAPAWAY Y AVE. NEWTO Aft. RAMINE AVE. J, SILLIMAN AVE. mi AVE, CROTT, -1Y. T,:mPos"IF 0 CD r- , CD o cr La. r- -91 = CL > z co ca m 0 go. THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT A primary objective of the Township is to encourage the revitalization and development of the Central Business District (CBD). This is the major commer- cial land use element. Currently, the CBD contains approximately thirty(30) small parcels of land and runs along Main Street a couple of parcels west of Rankine Avenue to Iroquois Avenue. While there are a number of retail and institutional uses in the CBD, there is an absence of an organized theme and variety of retail attractions. The following list of current (1983) CBD resi- dents has been arranged to identify the existing downtown market mix. The narrative has been arranged to identify the locations on a west to east basis, on both sides of Main Street. Southern Side of Main Street (1) U.E. Union Hall (southeast corner of Main and Rankine). (2) U.E. Parking Lot (behind Union Hall on Rankine). (3) A large vacant building (fronting Main Street at Rankine on the southwest corner) which is currently being renovated as a large ethnic restaurant. Space is also being made available for the relocation of a local Pot Pourri Shop. An attached structure to the rear of the building exists and is abandoned. (4) The Lawrence Park Athletic Club (on Rankine Avenue) is located behind a vacant lot that is immediately adjacent to the aforementioned (#3) structure. (5) A vacant building (formerly iiousing Rainbow's End) is located on Main Street between the Lawrence Park Diner and the large building which is currently being renovated (#3). This building will shortly be put into reuse as a hardware store. (6) The Lawrence Park Diner and Parking Lot are located between #5 and #7 on Main Street. (7) The Donut Shop and a Custom Upholstery Shop are located on the corner of Main and Silliman. (8) The First National Bank and Parking Lot is located at the southeast corner of Main and Silliman. (9) The Keystone Gas Station is located next to the Bank property at the corner of Main and Smithson. (10) The Jehovah's Witnesses Kingdom Hall is located at the southwest corner of Main and Smithson next to School District propefty. Northern Side of Main Street (11) Ma's Place Tavern and Parking Lot (abutting #12 to the west). (12) Irish Cousins Tavern (northwest corner of Main and Rankine). -49- (13) The Karate Spa and a Barber Shop are located on the northeast corner of Main and Rankine. (14) A pottery studio is located between #13 and #15. (15) The Batchelor Hardware Building (between #14 and #16) which is currently vacant. (16) The Mobil Service Station located at Main and Silliman with the Township Building and Post Office located immediately behind it. (17) The Lawrence Park Volunteer Fire Company Building and Parking Lot covering two parcels, is located at the northwest corner of Main and Silliman. (18) The Erie County School Employee's Federal Credit Union building.(between #17 and #19). (19) The District Justice Office Building (next to #20). (20) The Village Grocery is located at the northwest corner of Main and Smithson. (21) The Count and Countess Hairstylists located at the northeast corner of Main and Smithson. (22) The Park Family P ractice Building. (23) The American's Realtors Building. (24) Lawson's Grocery and Parking Lot (open to Iroquois and Main Street traffic). (25) The Dairy Queen Drive-In fronting Iroquois Avenue. (26) The ARCO Service Station located at the point of Main Street and Iroquois Avenue. In summary, this listing indicates that the downtown is nearly void of specialized retail activity. This trade has been captured at nearby shopping centers. Other problems that are founded in the CBD include a few inherent deteriorating struc- tures, lack of a coordinated development theme and the existence of older buildings that will require fairly large amounts of capital investments to convert into new opportunities. Due to the fact that ample off-street parking is not available, the larger scale commercial investor would naturally prefer one of the nearby shopping locations. The larger of the competing shopping areas is located on Buffalo Road south of Lawrence Park in Harborcreek Township. This has become an expanded shopping center serving the east side of Erie and the eastern suburbs. These shopping centers contain super markets and supporting shopping facilities, together with junior department stores. A second shopping center is located at the northeast corner of the Township along East Lake Road. The Harborcreek Mall located at this site provides an enclosed mall and a shopping facility with some adjacent commercial uses. Either of these shopping centers would be adequate in size to replace the commercial center in Lawrence Park. Both together overwhelm the. -50- prospects for a convenience shopping center located within the Township. In. addition 'to the competition of these new,shopping centers,, the Main Street com- plex has the aforementioned,listed limitations which it must overcome (e.g. the lack of economical space for expansion, shortage of parking spaces, and obso- lescence of structures). The options for improvement of the Central Business area are limited. However, workable solutions do exist which can foster the rejuvenation of this vital area. The strategy for improvement calls for building on the strong uses which now exist, by installing off-street parking areas between the,business area and adjacent residential uses, encouraging small retail.store s, specialized.shops and service establishments, construction of housing facilities for the elderly, and by the installation of a new Municipal Building.in the center of the area. Future consideration should also be given to encouraging private residential apartment construction above ground floor commercial uses in new as well. as existing buildings. An overall Central Business District Improvements-P.ro- gram should also be developed that provides for public action,for the spot acquisition and clearance of the few existing blighted or undesirable struc- tures, as well as providing for the rehabilitation of several-buildings (under common architectural facade theme). The off-street parking needs should be met directly behind the businesses that front' the Central Business District, so as to provide immediate pedestrian access. A concept plan is shown on the accompanying page. In concept, the plan would provide an intimate Central Business District, oriented primarily to pedestrians which ismore intensively built than at present and which would utilize landscaped parking areas as a buffer from adjacent residential areas. The new Municipal building would occupy the Northwest corner of Main and Silliman, the site presently used by the Mobile Service Station. The old,, converted house 'which now serves inadequately as Township offices would be razed and replaced with off-street parking. Parking would be extended westward to Rankine.to the rear of the shops now fronting on Main Street. Off-street parking would also be provided south of Main Street to the rear of commercial frontage from Rankine,to Smithson. The provision of these parking areas serves multiple purposes. It provides an important amenity--common in new shopping centers, but too rare in older business-districts--,for encouraging and accommodating small businesses. Equally important, perhaps, is its second purpose, the improvement of the pedestrian values on Main Street. The.plan does not call for the establishment of a Mall which would close Main Street to traffic (such A step is simply inappropriate to the needs of Lawrence Park) but does'propose to emphasize the pedestrian by reducing traffic conflict and assigning more space to sidewalks and landscaping. The intensification of uses in the business district will also benefit pedestrians by eliminating uninteresting voids and reducing the number of potentially hazardous curb cuts and driveway entrances which cross pedestrian ways. The concept plan also shows the potential use of the present Keystone Service Station property which is located at the southeastern corner of Main and Smithson Avenue, next.to the First National Bank property, as a site for elderly housing. Other site options are possible, and could very well serve the goal of Central Business District renovation and reuse. The aspect that -51- should be recognized is that the need for,a location close to or within the business area is just as important to the elderly as it is to the business community. In addition to this mutuality of support, the new housing con- struction will in itself, as the new Township building would, improve the appearance of the area and further the goals of renovation. New commercial construction is anticipated by the plan. Good opportunities for new buildings are available--particularly along the south side of Main Street. with additional parking to the rear of these properties, a viable market for small specialized shops and services will be recognized and exploited. Once again, the Plan does not call for extensive downtown redevelopment, but rather for the spot clearance, rehabilitation and adaptation of existing structures, and forthe judicious investment of available public funds to en- tice and support private investment. A Parking Authority can easily carry out the acquisition and improvement of land for off-street parking, and the services of the Erie County Redevelopment Authority may be available for the few internal Central Business District acquisition and clearance needs. The latter, of course, would necessitate the use of Federal/State community develop- ment funds. This, together with the construction of the much needed Municipal Building, are the major expenditures to be made with public monies. The return in terms of enhanced living, improved environment, and stabilized property values, will be substantially greater than the cost. Summary and Listing of Other Land Use Plan Recommendations (1) Amend the Zoning District Map to more closely align with the intent of the Land Use Plan Map. (2) Amend the Zoning Ordinance text to provide for current State Act 247 PA Municipalities Planning Code - standards. (3) Amend the Zoning Ordinance to provide for standards governing the use and location of group homes, multi-family housing and residential conversions. (4) Amend the Zoning Ordinance to provide for an overlay Flood Plain District, as was identified in the Federal Insurance Administration's Flood Insur- ance Study for Lawrence Park. (5) Adopt a Planned Residential Development Ordinance for po tential longer term use in managing large scale development opportunities at Golf Course property. (6) Adopt a traditional (Act 247 based) Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance for management of limited small scale development opportunities. (7) Consider the adoption of a Local Economic Revitalization Tax Assistance (LERTA) Ordinance that would provide tax abatement for a five (5) year period to new development in the Central Business District. The LERTA boundaries should parallel the Central Business District boundaries as are depicted on the Development Concept Plan Map. The Ordinance should be adopted by the Township, School District, and County for full tax abatement benefit. Consideration should be given to adopting the County Ordinance for'.administrative and fiscal (abatement) uniformity. The County Ordinance waives the improvements of new and/or substantial re- habilitation on commercial development in a certified LERTA district for a period of five (5) years. Only the original (before value added) -52- property tax would,be applied to the property during the five (5) year period., The basic concept behind LERTA is that the benefits gained by the community in the longer term (property tax and jobs) outweigh the initial short term loss of revenue to the community. The Township could use LERTA as an incentive to draw in new business and rehabilitate its Central Business District. (8) Make application for a Small Communities Development Program Planning, Grant through the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs to develop a complete Central Business District development program that would specify the exact capital project needs and costs of property acquisi- tion, clearance, and rehabilitation. The primary objective of this planning project would be to firm up the actual details prior to imple- mentation. The Central Business District planning process should include the involvement of the Planning Commission and the local downtown mer- chants, as well as identify.all future funding responsibilities and sources. After the final plan is developed, then application should be made to any or,all State or Federal funding sources that support economic development activities. Currently, the Small Communities Program of the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs provides an economic develop- ment hardware funding program of this nature. However, it is very com- petitive and the awards that have been granted thus far have been to those projects that average equal to greater dollar amounts of private capital and create new or retain existing jobs. Other funding programs may be available to the Township subsequent to final planning and those that are known to be of current practicality are included within the Appendix. (9) Continue to enforce the existing property maintenance code throughout the Township on a uniform basis and update/upgrade regulations for the mobile home park. (10) Promote the industrial development assets of the land in the southern portion of the Township. The urban location, immediate availability of rail and arterial access, and available labor force of the area are all assets that should be conveyed to the Erie Employment Task Force and Erie County Industrial Development Authority for their future re- cruitment purposes. Financial programs geared to assist existing and potential manufacturing industries interested in expanding or building anew in Lawrence Park are described in the Appendix. (11) Encourage the use of historic preservation tools for the townhouses located along Main Street just east of Four Mile Creek and the house located on the north side of East Lake Road on the east bank of Four Mile Creek. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 provides private tax incentives to spur revitalization of historic properties and neighborhoods. Ongoing coordination with the Erie County Historical Society would also be advantageous. -53- (Late LAMMEWE AIMW eftp c"Ast HAR902=1111 AVE lot EAST E AOAD 'LACE STRE IMEMINAL W97W co". MAIN 11TREET RELO sy@ l"T 1019 COMMILIMAL RAI, IMMMFOLK WaTum CITY W ERIE WESILEWILLE somoue" HAAOORCREEK TOMSHIP LAWRNHUE RUE IrOMNSHOP RROPIRTY owl 0 500 1000, mum COUNTY, MMSYLVANUA VL--j r ing Pos OF@I@@ A L3 U2 @Ah r- OFF 4Ww Parking Parking MAIN STREET 110* AMIN" L@RTA DISTRICT BOUNDARY Parki I I lit T M F@ ED L z w m- 0 E3 :3 z Fp -o 76L co z 3: > U t uj zj z 61 co L3 Li iqt Lill lf') Pol z cc CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT N 0 rth LL-j 100 0 300 @mmmmmm,;@ HOUSING PLAN During recent years it has become evident that the quality of housing has a definite influence on the welfare of a community and the well being of its residents. Housing is essentially the sheltering of people. It also provides a sense of place and a sense of individual and social identity. The quality of housing can command pride and respect or create an atmosphere of despair and unrest. The availability of safe, sound and attractive housing is a significant 11community" resource. If a community has an adequate supply of sound housing and the potential to expand its housing stock according to future needs, it is usually considered as a desirable place to live and raise a family. However, if the present housing stock is physically and functionally substandard with minimal opportunity for rehabilitation efforts and the construction of new housing units, then a community or a neighborhood within a particular community may be considered as an undesirable living area or environment. Once such areas become labeled as undesirable and/or substandard, problems seem to multiply, i.e., physical deterioration and blight accelerate, community support facilities and services may diminish, overcrowding increases, and the area generally becomes a liability to the community. With these considerations in mind, it is easy to understand why a housing element is included with a com- prehensive plan. The Housing Plan which follows includes several basic compo- nents: (1) inventory of the existing housing market; (2) a field survey of housing conditions; (3) an identification of existing problems; (4) a projection of future housing needs; and (5) recommended approaches to handle existing problems and to meet the future needs. As noted previously in the statement of Goals and Objectives, the basic goal of the Housing Plan is to provide an ade- quate housing supply for the present and future residents of Lawrence Park Town- ship. The objectives listed in the overall community development statement represent the specific direction under which the recommendations were formulated. HOUSING MARKET supply The 1980 Census revealed that there were 1,627 total housing units within Lawrence Park. This represented an overall 212 unit gain or a 15% increase from the 1970 total supply of 1,415 units. Under the Bureau of Census defini- tion of housing unit, single-family homes, mobile homes, and units within housing structures (such as apartments, flats and single rooms) whether occupied or vacant but intended for occupancy are all taken into consideration. Of the total 1980 supply, 1,588 units or 97.6%, were determined to be available year- round units. A vacancy rate of 2.4% was tabulated based upon a count of 39 vacant units. Of the vacant structures that were identified, ten (10) were for sale, 14 were for rent, 3 were held for occasional use, and 12 were cate- gorized as "other" vacants by the Census. Considering the type of vacancies revealed by the Census and the in-field inspection of housing quality in 1983, the Township is very fortunate to have this low vacancy rate. It is obvious that market conditions are quick to absorb housing when it is available for -54- sale or rent and this a direct result of well maintained housing and pleasing neighborhoods. The Township's vacancy rate is one of the lowest in Erie County. According to Township records, only a handfull of building permits have been issued since 1980 and most of these have been for alterations and/or additions. The high mortgage rate situation and overall inflation that has devastated the housing market on the national scale has also impacted upon Lawrence Park. This latter statement must also be tempered with the fact that little land is available for new housing. Type The most predominant type of housing available within the Township is single- family. A total of 1,452 units of the total stock is categorized by the Census as one (1) unit structures. The one (1) unit structure total makes up 89.24% of the entire Township housing stock of 1,627 units. A total of 39 units were recorded as being vacant. Of the total one (1) unit structures, 965 units are detached and 487 units are attached. This is due to the large number of row houses found in the Township which is a unique factor in Erie County. The remaining 10.76% of Lawrence Park's total housing stock is composed of units within two (2) and multi-unit structures. The breakdown of this percen- tage is as follows: 63 units in two (2) family structures, 29 units in three (3) and four (4) family structures, and 29 units in five (5) or more structures. Mobile homes, due to the one mobile home park in the Township, are a relatively new type of housing in the Township, and it is anticipated that more of these units will be added in the future through park expansion activities. The 1980 'Census recorded 54 mobile homes in the Township. Tenure In terms of tenure, Lawrence Park's housing stock is predominantly owner occupied (1,329 of the total 1,588 occupied units). Rental units comprise only 15.91% (259 iinits) of the total supply. In comparison, Erie County's supply of rental housing units to total supply stands at 26.9%. The Township's rental stock is primarily con- stituted of single-family homes. Rental housing demand could increase within the Township in future years as more and more families become priced out of the housing market. The mobile home and optional forms of multi-family housing represent viable alternatives to this potential rental demand. Age The age of Lawrence Park's housing stock is a good indicator of future housing maintenance needs. The Township's housing stock is an aged one. About 47% of the total housing stock was built before the year 1939 and is, therefore, in excess of forty (40) years in age. It is also interesting to note that of the 259 rented units tabulated in the 1980 Census, that approximately 79% were constructed prior to 1939. This is a characteristic that is generally founded within cities or older urban communities. The following chart illustrates -55- the age of the Township's housing supply. Age of Housing Lawrence Park Township Construction Period Total Units % 1939 or Before 772, 47.45 1940 to 1949 205 12.60 1950 to 1959 3,19 19.55 1960 to 1969 230 14.14 1970 to 1974 82. 5.04 1975 to 1978 13 .80 1979 to 1980 7 .43 Source: Bureau of Cetsus,.1980. Value Lawrence Park Township's value of housing increased at an astronomical rate during the 1970-80 period due to inflation which has affected the cost of new construction as well as existing housing that is offered for sale. Between the two (2) census years (1970 and 1980) a 150% increase was established in the median value of owner occupied housing., The 1980 Census rendered a median value of $38,9002 UP $23,400 from the 1970 Census established median value figure of $15,500. The value of Lawrence Park's owner occupied housing was slightly lower than.that of the County and.State median figures of $39,700 and $39,100 respectively. The following chart identifies the value of owner occu- pied housing by value for the Township: Value of Owner Occupied-Housing Lawrence Park Township -1980 Value Number Less than $10,000 8 $10,000 to $14,999 14 $15,000 to $19,999 47 $20,000 to $24,999 102 $25,000 to $29,999 167 $30,000 to $34,999 171 $35,000 to $39,999 99 $40,000 to $49,999 195 $50,000 to $79,999 318 $80,000 to $99,999 32 $100,000 to $149,999 16 $150,000 to $199,999 2 $200,000 or more 0 Median Value $38,900 (See next page for footnotes) -56- Note: the above distribution is restricted to.certain kinds of "owner-occupied" or "vacant for sale only" units. The following are excluded from the tabulations on value: (a) units at an address with two or more units; (b) units on 10 or more acres; (c) units with a commercial establish- ment or medical office on the property; (d) mobile homes or trailers. Source: Bureau of Census, 1980. Condition As part of the planning process, a field survey of housing distribution and con- dition was undertaken during the month of June 1983. The results of this survey are partially included in the Township Neighborhood Analysis chapter of this document. This section will focus more on the overall condition of housing. The field survey undertaken during 1983 was geared to accommodate comparison with a survey which was taken by the County Planning Department,in 1967 as part of the Township's original comprehensive planning program. Both surveys relied on in-the-field windshield surveys of external housing features. The categoriza- tion of housing quality via observations that are made on external features is not a perfect process; interior conditions may well be deficient within some structures that are judged to be standard which would obviously further increase the number of substandard housing units in the community. In any event, the following criteria was utilized in the 1983 survey, as it was in the 1967 survey: Criteria for Evaluation & Classification In An Exterior Structural Survey Classification Evaluation Criteria Standard Structure in good condition, not in need of repairs. Conservation Minor deficiencies requiring small expen- ditures to raise condition of structure to a standard condition. Examples: Faint Job Pointing of bricks Replace gutters and/or downspouts Minor roof repairs Rotting window sills. -57- Criteria for Evaluation & Classification In An Exterior Structural Survey Classification Evaluation Criteria Rehabilitation Major deficiencies requiring large expendi- tures to raise condition of structure to standard condition. However, project should not amount to the total reconstruction of the structure. Any two of the examples below will classify a structure as eligible for rehabilitation. Sagging porches Rotting foundations Rotting exterior steps Loose wall and chimney bricks Sagging roofs Rotting siding Rotting roofing Clearance Structure having a number of major defi- ciencies and is clearly unfit for habita- tion and is structurally unsound. Three or more of the above listed examples will classify a structure for clearance. The results of the recent 1983 housing quality survey are shown in the following table. As can be observed, it is the general finding of the survey that housing conditions have actually improved during the past 16 years. The number of units judged to be in need of conservation has decreased substantially; a decrease of 350 units needing conservation was established. This trend is a very positive sign. However, the current number of units (269) in need of conservation is still rather high. It should be noted that those units that were judged to be in need of conservation are close to being standard units. The 1983 survey did, however, parallel the findingsof the 1967 survey as far as location of the conservation needs. Neighborhoods 4 and 5 are still the most in need of exterior housing conservation efforts. All in all, 269 units were judged to be in need of conservation via the 1983 housing survey; this translates to 16.5% of the entire Township housing stock (1,627 units). The 25 units that were judged to be in need of rehabilitation were also pre- dominantly located in neighborhoods 5 and 6, with the only dilapidated structures found in neighborhood five (5). All totaled, the 27 units that were judged to be very substandard (rehabilitation and clearance) made up only 1.5% of the entire housing stock. These units would be obvious inspection targets for a municipal code enforcement program. In relation to the 1967 survey, the recent survey showed that the amount of very substandard housing has remained just about the same in terms of number and location. -58- Table 22 Neighborhood Housing Quality Lawrence Park 1983 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Standard 1967 362 - 345 50 11 - 768 1983 401 1 427 176 264 62 1,331 Conservation 1967 23 - 42 197 357 - 619 1983 9 - 21 88 125 26 269 Rehabilitation 1967 0 - 0 0 33 - 33 1983 0 - 0 3 17 5 25 Clearance 1967 0 - 0 0 1 - 1 1983 0 - 0 0 2 0 2 Source: Community Improvements Plan, 1967. Field Survey, 1983. Future Housing Needs Utilizing the population projections contained in the Demographic Analysis, it is possible to project the number of new housing units that will be needed in the Township to accommodate the new residents. The population projection to the year 2000 was a conservative one. Approximately 150 more persons are expected to be living within the Township by the turn of the century. The housing need will not, therefore, be substantial. The following table indicates that approximately 50-60 additional dwelling units will be necessary to house the new population by the year 2000. Hence, the average annual production need from 1984 on, would be only about three (3) units a year. This total could easily be reached even without the utilization of much new land; residential conversions and the expected fill- in of mobile home units at the Mobile Home Park could easily meet much of this housing need. Table 23 Housing Need by Population & Household Size Lawrence Park Township 1980-2000 Average Household Size Low Med. High 2.5 2.8 3.1 Year/Projection Required Housing Units New Population 1985/4,632 19 17 14 48 1990/4,682 20 18 16 50 1995/4,702 8 7 6 20 2000/4,731 12 10 9 29 Total Unit Needs 59 52 45 147 (Persons) -59- Source:. 'Consultant's calculations, 1983. Determining total housing need on the basis of popu lation projections, however, does not satisfy the needs of the Township in identifying the low income housing needs of the community. Therefore, the preceding housing needs projections should be looked upon as a goal that should be met, at a minimum by the private housing market. The following statistics focus in on the needs of the low and low moderate income population of Lawrence Park Township: - 615 persons were aged 65 years and older according to the-1980 Census., - 297 persons were aged 60-64 years, according to the 1980 Census. - Both of these age groups have substantially increased during the past ten (10) years and are expected to continue to rise in number in the future. Of the 229 persons that were recorded as living in poverty status (via the 1980 Census), 31 were aged 65 years and older, 14 were in the age group 55-59, and 184 were under 55 years of age. Based upon the current 1983 U.S. HUD Section #8 housing assistance income limits, there are a total of 1,971 persons that form 699 households that are estimated to qualify for housing aid under low- moderate income status in the Township. - 54% of all persons estimated to qualify for Section #8 Assistance are currently considered to be of very low income status. This amounts to 1,077 persons that form 382 households. - Through applying the 1980 Census percentages of non-elderly and elderly poverty level income groups against the recent U.S. HUD Section #8 low- moderate and very low income estimates, the following needs are pro-@ vided: (1) There are 266 low to moderate income elderly persons of which about 144 persons are of very @ow income status and (2) 1,705 low to moderate income non-elderly income persons of which 933 persons are of very low income status. The current Section #8 income limits for Erie County are shown as follows: Income Limits by Number of Persons in Household Income Classification 1 Person 2 Person 3 Person 4.Person Low-Moderate $14,000 $16,000 $18,000 $20,000 Very Low 8,750 10,000 11,250 12,500 5 Person 6 Person 7 Person. 8 Person Low-Moderate $21,250 $22,500 $23,750 $25,000 Very Low 13,500 14,500 15,500 16,500 Source: U.S. Department of H6using and Urban Development,, Section#8 Very Low and Low-Moderate Income Limits by County, 1983. -60- HOUSING PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS (1) While over 80% of the Township's housing stock is in sound condition and the survey of housing conditions indicated some improvement@ the need for a basic housing code program to provide for the basic health and safety needs.of shelterAs well as preserve, the aging housing stock should be implemented. A regional effort with nearby communities (Wesleyville and Harborcreek) would be worth exploring to provide admin ,isttative economies.of scale, trained personnel And code conformity. (2).. The Township should actively encourage the reparcelization and sub- division of the.vacant land at the northwestern portion of the Township for single-family residential development. Currently, there are a few elongated strips of land running from behind the@ commercial frontage of East Lake Road to the Lake.. These lands will most likely never be developed unless a.single 'parcel can be created. (3) The Township should encourage residential apartment-development as a secondary use in the Central Business District to provide more diversity for existing and future residents. Ground floors should still be utilized for business purposes only. (4) The future stability of single-family areas should be protected through limiting the conversion of single-family homes into two or.more units to the areas shown as medium density on the Land Use Plan Map. (5) Additional mobile home park maintenance standards should be developed to ensure a quality park environment. In line with this, new industrial development abutting the mobile home park should be required to provide screening which segregates the two (2) land uses. (6) The low-income family housing needs should be met through utilizing existing Federal rent subsidy programs such as the Section #8 Program and support to the County Housing.Authority efforts within northeastern Erie County.. (7) The low-income,elderly' housing needs should be met through a direct publicly sponsored housing project. The Township should enlist the assistance of the Erie County Housing Authority to discuss the elderly housing ne.eds,,Iavailable sites, and available Federal and State housing programs with.potential sponsors. Based upon the' Section #8 low-income needs for Lawrence,Park and surrounding area, it would appear that a 100 unit project is a most feasible short-term goal. Ideally, the project would be paired up with rental assistance via the Federal government to the benefit of the low-income elderly and the project sponsor. Optional programs are described in the Appendix. -61- The Planning Commission's first priority site is the old Priestly School Site@ located on a block by itself between Priestly and Napier Avenues. This particular site has the advantage of already being publicly owned, it lies along a regular Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority bus line, it is adjacent to Four Mile Creek Park and lies within a good residential neighborhood that is within easy walking distance of the Township's Central Business District. The Planning Commission's second priority site, located directly within the Central Business District, is the property currently held by the Keystone Service Station on Main Street and Smithson Avenue. This site holds similar locational assets and would directly fit into the Central Business District revitalization plans. (8) For the Township's long-term resident ial needs, a Planned Residential Development Ordinance should be developed. It should be adopted only if and when the Golf Course property ceases its operation.as a recreation resource. (9) The Township should actively cooperate with the Erie County Redevelopment Authority and/or directly apply for State/Federal funds to develop a low- interest revolving loan fund for a low-moderate and low-income family rehabilitation program. This program would put the needed financial encouragement side by side with the enforcement end of the housing code program. -62- TRANSPORTATION PLAN A community's transportation system is one of its most important resources. The local road system should enable residents to move throughout the community and its adjacent surroundings safely and with ease and efficiency. The local road system is part of, and connected to, a regional highway system that provides contacts with "other regions" that supply goods and/or services to the Township. A workable and efficient transportation system is a major need of commerce and industry, both existing and potential. The Transportation Plan is an integral component of the Comprehensive Plan. This Plan complements and supplements the Future Land Use Plan by providing the ration- ale and recommendations for improving the flow of.traffic between various land use/ development situations. The Transportation Plan consists of three parts: (1) establishing a functional classification system to classify various local and State maintained roads accord- ing to the function(s) they should perform as well as the function(s) the actually perform; (2) an inventory of the local system and identification of problem areas; and, (3) to develop a listing of recommended improvements that should be made by the Township or State to minimize the potential for accidents and improve traffic flow. As noted previously in the statement of Community Development Goals and Objectives, the basic goal of the Transportation Plan is to provide for the safe and convenient movement of goods and people within the community and to points beyond utilizing all methods practical. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM The Federal and State governments maintain a classification system for all roads throughout the Commonwealth. This system is called the Federal Functional Classifi- cation System. Federal funding and in many cases State funding priorities for high- ways are allocated according to this system. The functional classification system is also an aid to correlating the land use planning and thoroughfare (traffic) planning functions of the Comprehensive Plan. Proper recognition of the principal function that a highway, road, or street is intended to serve can reduce potential conflicts between land use activities and traffic movements. For example, from a theoretical or ideal standpoint, commercial and residential development should not be permitted or encouraged to indiscrimi- nately locate along major arterial highways or roads. The opportunity for land use/traffic conflicts is obvious. The need for direct access to residential pro- perties or commercial uses causes numerous left turn and crossover movements as well as ingress/egress movements, all ofwhich slow and/or interrupt the smooth flow of traffic.and, at the same time, substantially increase the potential for accidents to both pedestrians and vehicles. The functional classification that has been developed for Lawrence Park Township is shown on the following chart and map. The classification system is discussed in the following paragraphs. -63- Principal Arterial This class of highways provides quick and efficient movement between major communi- ties and/or provides direct access to major traffic generators such as shopping centers, large industries or recreation areas. Minor Arterial This class of highway serves both traffic movement and land service with some empha- sis placed on mobility. Minor arterials receive traffic from lesser streets as well as provide interconnection and support the major arterials. They generally connect the Township with immediately surrounding areas. East Lake Road is an example. Major Collector This class of streets also serves a middling function, but places some emphasis on land access. Major collectors generally serve areas within the Township and constitute those streets on which travel distances are somewhat shorter than on the minor arterials, and also,provide some interconnection to the larger highway network. There are no examples of a major collector in the Township. Minor Collector This class of streets serves the internal movement of the highway network. This classification does not generally handle through trips, but supplies abutting property with access, while at the same time provides local traffic movement. Nagle Road and Lakeside/Lakecliff Loop are designated as minor collectors. Local The primary function of this classification is to provide access to immediately adjacent land. These roads carry a small proportion of the vehicle miles of travel but make up a large percentage of the total street mileage within the Township. The local system offers the lowest degree of mobility and through traffic is usually deliberately discouraged. Lawrence Park Township Designated Federal Highway Functional Classification System Designation Roads Principal Arterial Franklin Avenue Minor Arterial East Lake Road, Lawrence Parkway, Iroquois Avenue, and Main Street Minor Collector Nagle Road and the Lakeside/ Lakecliff Loop off of East Lake Road Local All other roads. -64- AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT) COUNTS The Average Daily Traffic (ADT) count is a system for expressing the number of vehicles which use roa ds on a daily average. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation maintains a record of ADT volumes by means of portable automatic traffic counters and computer projections. The most recent ADT figures for the Township are included on the following table. Only state roads-are calculated for the Township by PaDOt. As can be observed from the table, all but one (1) road has experienced increases in traffic volume during the 1967 to 1980 period. Table 24 Comparative Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Counts Lawrence Park Township 1967 1980 Change Change East Lake Road Nagle to Iroquois Avenue 6,700 7,700 1,000 15% Iroquois to Lawrence Parkway 12,200 11,800 400 3% Lawrence Parkway to Franklin Avenue 14,500 18,800 4,300 30% Iroquois Avenue Nagle to Main Street 4,800 8,900 4,190 85% Main to East Lake Road 4,300 6,100 1,800 42% Nagle Road East Lake Road to Iroquois 500 950 450 90% Lawrence Parkway Buffalo Road to Main Street 6,500 12,200 5,700- 88% Main to East Lake Road 3,400 8,500 5,100 150% Franklin Avenue G.E. Entrance to East Lake Road 9,300 10,500 1,200 13% G.E. Entrance to 12th Street .13,100 19,200 6,100 47% Main Street Lawrence Parkway to Iroquois Avenue 3,900 4,300 400 10% Source: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation - District 1-0 Road Log Print- out for 1982 and Lawrence Park Community Improvements Plan of 1967 pre- pared by the Erie County Planning Department. The increases in traffic volume have been most significant on Lawrence Parkway, Franklin Avenue, Iroquois Avenue and East Lake Road from Lawrence Parkway to Franklin Avenue. It must be noted that the major traffic generator in the -65- 00000001E] 10,500 19,200 AVE AVE HARVEY AVE. Z, 1@ DR. PUTNAM -4 M 0 a LASALLE 0 0 ci z 3 GRIFFIN OR C9 ........ . LAKE,,CLIFF DR. 8,500 -_@!RENCE P-A.RK.WAY R cl 12,2 0 0 NEWTON AVE rAlE E VE. oo- 0 AV E. KAY (01!7WAY ITHSON AV o SM LciEf-LAL CUNNINGHAM DR. IsNoopy CROTTY DR. la CROT DR. AVE, TYNDAI I CROT @EO AVE, RIJAKHART AVE. Z; co oo- NAGLE RD. 0 Tu 950 C > < m T cq Tu vo CD 2E Township--the G.E.--is primarily responsible for much of the change in ADT levels. The commercial development in nearby Harborcreek Township is also drawing new pass- through traffic that,was not experienced in the late 1960's. Even though the State roads in the Township are well travelled, most roads are still well within the desig- nated carrying capacity established by PaDOT.- The following table shows the capacity and other characteristics of the existing highway system. Table 25 Existing Highway System Data Lawrence,Park Township Widths 1980 ADT as Street/Segment Cartway R.O.W. Capacity % of Capacity Eastlake Road Nagle to Iroquois 24' 50' 19,000 41% Iroquois to Lawrence Parkway 661 1001, 38,300 31% Lawrence Parkway to Franklin 68' 120' 40,100 47% Iroquois Avenue Nagle to Main Street 55' 120' 45,200 20% Main to East Lake Road 55' 100, 45,200 13% Nagle Road East Lake Road to Iroquois 18' 50' 14,600 7% Lawrence Parkway Buffalo Road to Main 32' 50' 13,300 92% Main to East Lake Road 24' 50' 9,500 89% Franklin Avenue South end of viaduct to . north end 28' 50' 10,100 N.A. North end of viaduct.to 12th St. 281 95' 10,100 N.A. 12th St. to G.E. entrance 401 100, 28,100 68% G.E. entrance to East Lake Road 40f 100, 20,900 50% Main Street Lawrence Parkway to Iroquois 56' 80, 13,500 32% Source: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Road Log Printout and calcula- tions made therefrom by consultant. From the above calculations, Lawrence Parkway exhibits the most immediate potential to reach or exceed its carrying capacity. Improvements in the short-range future are a high priority need, and will be explained in the next section. -66- Overall, it is felt that ADT levels for all other state and local roads in the Township will stay within the respective carrying capacity level to the year 2000. Ongoing structural maintenance and intersectional improvements will, how- ever, be necessary. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations within this Plan are based upon (1) the Citizen's Survey of' 1983, (2) past engineering reports, (3) County and State plans, and (4) an in- field survey of highway and intersection situations by the Consultant. Following then, is a listing and basic discussion of the problems underlying each situation. 1. Lawrence Parkway and East Lake Road Traffic volumes have increased on both of these arterials at a healthy rate during the period.of analysis and there is an obvious need to facilitate turning movements during peak hour traffic situations. The need for an improved right hand turn onto Lawrence Parkway from East Lake Road and improved right and left hand turns onto East Lake Road from the Parkway can be met through adding a new southbound right hand lane with increased turning radius on East Lake Road and a new northbound (also right hand) turn lane on the Parkway to East Lake Road. 2. Lawrence Parkway and Main Street/G.E. Entrances The presence of an entrance/exit to the G.E. parking lot on the west side of the intersection causes this intersection to experience turning problems during peak conditions. The left turn from the southern approach of the Parkway into the parking lot during peak conditions significantly reduces capacity since there is only one lane on this approach. In order to alleviate this situation, a new right hand turn lane is recommended to be implemented on the Parkway northbound to Main Street.. This new lane would free the current one lane situation for left turn needs in peak situations. 3. Nagle Road and East Lake Road This "T" type intersection actually involves multi-turn access and egress situations to the Harborcreek Mall which is situated on the north side of East Lake Road. Traffic is currently controlled by only a stop sign which faces northbound Nagle Road traffic. Left hand westbound turns onto East Lake Road from Nagle Road are compounded by road grade and sight problems and both east and west, as well as straight across (to the Mall) traffic, are all jeopardized by high-speed traffic on East Lake Road. The need for overhead lighted traffic signalization to control the situation appears to be warranted. The actual type of signalization should be subject to traffic engineering study and the Township should request feasibility via PaDOT as soon as possible. -67- 4. Nagle Ro!@d/Rail R-O-W Reopening In 1957, the Nagle Road crossing was closed by order of the Public Utilities Commission (P.U.C.) at the initiation of the New York Central Railroad (N.Y.C.R.R.). The closing of the crossing served to expedite the servicing of trains in the Lawrence Park yard by the N.Y.C.R.R. Since this time, however, the needs of the railroads involved are not the same and new development along both sides of Nagle Road and new regional shopping and recreational (YMCA/Tri-Community Pool) facili- ties have located along Routes 5 and 20 which demand a reconsideration of the closing by the P.U.C. In 1982, a study was prepared by the Township's Engineerst (Urban Engineering, Inc.) which made the following conclusions: A. The crossing will provide a short, direct and safer 0.4 mile access for vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians between a community now separated by railroad tracks and forced to use a two mile route for vehicles only with no provision for bicycle or pedestrians. B. The proposed crossing has the potential for conservation of 200,000 gallons of fuel and $250,000 saving to community drivers annually excluding savings in tires, oil, time and hazard of 2,400,000 miles of travel and 80% less air pollution. C. The proximity of the proposed roadway at the crossing to the bicycle and pedestrian pathway, parallel to each other, pro- vides safety by surveillance of the passing traffic. This eliminates the present hazardous dirt path around barricades and over unprotected tracks by day or night as at present. D. The crossing will restore a now needed road to a fully developed community. This alternate route to Buffalo Road will ease the peak hour traffic congestion on Water Street and speed its movement. E. The Nagle crossing will relieve the congestion at the Buffalo Road and Water Street intersection in Wesleyville. F. The crossing would provide an emergency route when the underpass of the Water Street route is flooded. G. The crossing provides access to 34 acres of Lawrence Park, now separated from its community by the tracks, for the residents and for fire and police protection. Also, it provides access to 20 acres, now isolated between Conrail and East Erie Commer- cial Railroad for future industrial development and better police surveillance, fire protection and community service. H. The crossing will provide a short convenient access for the Harborcreek and Lawrence Park residents north of the tracks to the business and recreation center south of the tracks, the shopping plazas, restaurants, YMCA, Tri-Community Pool. Also, residents south of the tracks will have direct access to the Harborcreek Mall and County Library, Medical Center and State Police. It will provide direct and more responsive access for the State Police to reach and serve the southern area. -68- Based upon the Nagle Road Study, it is recommended that Harborcreek and Lawrence Park Township and Wesleyville Borough make joint application to the P.U.C. for the reopening of the Nagle Road crossing for vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians. The crossing should be protected by railroad gates and lights. Other consider- ations which should be taken into account as a result of the opening include the need for curbing, storm sewers and sidewalks along both sides of Nagle Road from East Lake Road to Iroquois Avenue and traffic signalization controls at East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue. 5. Water Street Expressway This expressway is a connecting arterial between the proposed Bayfront and Southern Tier highways and the existing Interstate 90 and it represents one of the major longer term plans of the Erie Area Transportation Study (EATS). Current plans for the expressway show the alignment of the road to approximately follow Lawrence Parkway in a refined curvilinear pattern. Plan schematics indicate that it will cross Buffalo Road about 600 feet to the east of its present intersection with Lawrence Parkway, proceed north across the railroad tracks on a raised viaduct, and proceed north on an alignment close to the current Parkway. As a result of the local involvement in review of the plans for this major new highway, plans have been revised to provide for a link between Water Street and the residential section of Lawrence Park. The proposal shown on the Thoroughfare Plan would extend Field Street across Four Mile Creek and under the viaduct carrying the new highway, so that Field Street will tie into Water Street. Detailed plans have also been prepared to improve traffic flow along East Lake Road from the Water Street Expressway eastward. The improvements include traffic islands to control turning movements at that intersection, and traffic through the inter- section with Iroquois Avenue. 6. East-West Light Rail Mass Transit The longer term potential construction of the U.S. Steel Mill in western Erie County would cause numerous transportation needs. The prospects of providing light rail service along existing rail lines between the City of Erie and the new steel mill have been discussed as a means to combat potential east-west circulation needs and provide an alternative to auto travel. Should such service be initiated, it can and should be extended to Lawrence Park to provide an additional transportation facility to the General Electric work force. As such, a potential transit terminal location for such a facility is indicated in proximity to the east gate of the General Electric on the Transportation Plan map. The facility would also prove convenient to Lawrence Park residents by providing improved mass transit facilities to western Erie County. 7. Bikeway Construction An overall regional plan for bikeways has been developed by the Erie Area Trans- portation Study (EATS) Committee and the Township's engineers have developed de- tailed drawings for Lawrence Park Township's portion of the system along East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue. The first phase of the system should get underway shortly, pending financial assistance from the State/Federal governments, and will consist of a Class I (off-road) facility using existing sidewalks, curb-cuts, marking and signing along the entire stretch of East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue, where connec- tions will be made to the City and Harborcreek systems along the same routes. -69- Subsequent to this first phase and the Nagle Foad reopening, the Township should con- sider a north-south bikeway connecting East Lake Road to Buffalo Road along Nagle Road. Also, future consideration should be given to modifying the area-wide bikeway plan that calls for construction of a bikeway along the new Water Street Expressway. This should only be considered if full and complete,auto-bike segregation is built into the project design. A better approach to providing this north-south bikeway would involve use of Napier Avenue and extension west from Field Street to the abandoned portion of Lawrence Parkway to Buffalo Road. 8. Local Road Reconstruction Due to present structural conditions, the following roads have been recommended for reconstruction within the short-range future: A. Bell Street (full length) B. Rankine Avenue (full length) C. Smithson Avenue (from Main Street to Bell Street) D. Newton Avenue (from Main Street to Napier Avenue) E. Napier Avenue (from Iroquois Avenue to Field Street) F. Frontenac Drive (full length) G. Joliette Avenue to Putnam Drive (on Dobbins Road) The above projects should be prioritized locally, based upon actual road use, conditions and capital budgeting. Some of the work on the above roads will also require new curbing and drainage facilities. 9. Lakecliff Drive/East Lake Road In order to facilitate safe and convenient travel across the westbound lane of East Lake Road onto eastbound travel on East Lake Road, it is recommended that the median strip be reduced to provide a limited eastbound lane which would channelize into the current two (2) lane eastbound traffic flow. An example of this proposal is present at the cur- rent Harvey Avenue and East Lake Road intersection. 10. Extension of Lakeside Drive Should the property in the northwest portion of the Township be subdivided in the future, Lakeside Drive should be extended and connected into the City of Erie local street sys- tem at Euclid Avenue and Lakeside Drive. A southerly local connector with East Lake Road should be discouraged due to proximity with the Franklin Avenue and East Lake Road inter- section and the existing commercial frontage along East Lake Road. An interior loop with two (2) tiers of lots is suggested as a potential subdivision layout. The extension of Cabot Avenue would be ideal. However, houses are now present and block access. 11. Iroquois Avenue and East Lake Road Intersection Improvement This intersection is burdened by a ninety (90) degree angle for traffic movement access to a very well travelled East Lake Road as well as cross turning movements onto Iroquois Avenue from East Lake Road. Also, the close proximity to Lawrence Parkway and current traffic lighting controls further compound the problem. As a high priority intersection improvement project, two (2) potential solutions should be considered. First and fore- most, Township officials should request that the intersection undergo an ECONS cost- benefit analysis through the District 1-0 Office of the PaDOT and County Planning. Pending favorable findings of their analysis in the area of fuel savings and pollution control, improvements could be made to the current overhead traffic control lights to better direct traffic at this intersection. Secondly, consideration and follow-up traffic engineering analysis should focus on using the Township owned property at the point of Iroquois Avenue and East Lake Road, for a more direct (T type) connection to East Lake Road. -70- IMPLEMENTATION Erie Area Transportation Study The Erie Area Transportation Study (EATS) was initiated in 1963 through a coopera- tive agreement between Federal, State and local agencies. The study design is in accordance with guidelines issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation for a continuing, comprehensive and coordinated transportation planning program in urban- ized areas, as required by the 1962 Federal Highway Act. By satisfying these.re- quirements,-EATS assures the area continued Federal Aid for transportation improvements. The study is carried on under the direction of Coordinating and Technical Committees which are composed of City, County, State and Federal officials. The Technical Com- mittee oversees technical analysis and presents its findings to the Coordinating Committee with recommendations for action. The Coordinating Committee is the policy making body for the study, directs its overall program, and makes final decisions on plans and programs. Representation on the highly influential Coordinating Committee is available to the officials of Lawrence Park Township as a voting member. It is, therefore, strongly recommended that the Township continue participation in EATS to promote the inclu- sion of needed highway improvement projects involving problem areas within the Township. Priority and Responsibility The priority system utilized through the remainder of the transportation plan is based on the concept of practicality and feasibility. This concept produces the greatest improvements for the public investment in the shortest time. Consequently, the priority system includes three stages of implementation which are: 1. High Priority: From an immediate to a five year completion target date including relatively low investment recommendations to correct minor and/or long standing deficiencies in the present transporta- tion system. 2. Medium Priority: From a five to ten (5 to 10) year completion target date including the higher investment safety deficiency and the least costly circulation recommendations. 3. Long Range: A completion target date span of from ten to twenty (10 to 20) years including necessary, but costly, circulation improve- ment recommendations. With the above in view, the following project prio -rities and responsibilities are recommended: -71- Project Priority Responsibility/Funding (1) Lawrence Parkway and East Lake High Priority EATS/PaDOT Road Intersection (2) Lawrence Parkway & Main Street High Priority EATS/PaDOT (3) Nagle Road & East Lake Road Signalization High Priority EATS/PaDOT (4) Nagle Road Reopening and Related Improvements High Priority P.U.C./Harborcreek, Lawrence Park & Wesleyville Borough (5) Water Street Expressway Long Range EATS/PaDOT & U.S. DOT/ UMTA (6) East-West Light Rail Long Range EATS/PaDOT & U.S. DOT/ UMTA (7A) Iroquois Avenue Bikeways High Priority Lawrence Park & PaDOT (7B) Nagle Road Bikeway Medium Priority Lawrence Park & PaDOT (7C) Napier/Field/Lawrence Parkway Bikeway Long Range Lawrence Park & PaDOT (8) Local Reconstruction and Repavement To Be Determined Lawrence Park & Liquid Fuels (9) Lakeeliff Drive/East Lake Road Median Strip Channel Medium Priority PaDOT (10) Lakeside Drive Extension Pending Subdivision Private Activity (11) Iroquois Avenue and High Priority PaDOT & Lawrence Park East Lake Road Intersection All projects are identified on the accompanying Transportation Plan Map according to number. -72- FRANKLIN AVE. MALLEY AV E. AVE. AVE 00 > PUTNAM DR. z LASALLE 0 AVE. 7- z GRIFFIN :b LAKE CLIFF DR. LAWRENCE PARKWAY (71 'b RU CA Go x 'd z PRIESTLEY E. AVE. co SILLMAN AVE@ c o SMITHSON AVE IDEE JAY AVE. OD CUNNINGHAM DR. JISN(IOPY CROTTY DR. CROTTY DR TYNDALL -j H L-E=0 A-VE- BURKHART -4 > -100@ 0 CD > 0) CD 0 % 0 0 po 0 CD Co) r- 0 0 x 0 0 r =2: m > 0 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN The Community Infrastructure Plan is the fourth and final component of the Compre- hensive Plan. It includes analysis and recommendations for improving existing facilities as well as providing new facilities where necessary. The Plan is divided into five basic subsections: (1) education, (2) recreation, (3) public utilities, (4) municipal buildings, and (5) fire and police protection. Communi- ty infrastructure items are a most appropriate item for comprehensive planning as the health, safety, welfare and quality of life of the community's residents de- pend upon the various community systems and services provided. For the most part, these facilities are in place and meet high standards in Lawrence Park. EDUCATION The Iroquois School District, which includes the neighboring community of Wesleyville, serves Lawrence Park. The School. District presently operates three schools, two of which 'are in Lawrence Park. The largest is the Iroquois Junior-Senior High School located on a twenty-six acre site adjacent to Lawrence Park's business area. It is an excellent facility completed in the mid-sixties and having a field house and out- door recreation facilities on the same site. The District has two elementary schools. The Wesleyville School is the oldest of the structures and is handicapped by a relatively small site (2.3 acres) in a com- pactly developed area, but--as the only school located near Wes@eyville children-- it is being improved and will be retained. The Lawrence Park Elementary School is sited across Iroquois Avenue from the Junior- Senior High on an attractive and centrally located tract of ten acres. This school, dating originally from 1924, has had several enlargements and renovations with the latest being in 1980. Enrollments have been dropping in the School District and are projected to continue to decrease. Past trends and projections are summarized on the accompanying Table, and show a substantial decrease in all grades. The decrease results in part from the general reduction in the birth rate which has been a national phenomenon, and in part from the aging of the resident population. Even if a major change in the birth rate experience should occur, the smaller proportion of young families in the Iroquois District would result in a reduced student load. -73- Table 26 School Enrollment Trends Iroquois School District 1964-1989 GRADES SUB TOTALS - GRAND @ar* K 1 2 3 4@ 5 67 7 8 9 10 11 12 7-91 1102 TOTAL )64 188 165 174 175 161 142 146 152 146 159 141 162 126 702 449 457 429 2037 )69 169 173 155 156 174 169 174 187 202 174 170 177 176 653 517 563 523 2256 )74 162 131 149 156 126 150 166 168 132 204 187 195 195 569 442 504 577 2121 )79 134 134 111 111 136 131 119 139 140 144 150 161 150 490 386 423 461 1761 84 92 116 108 113 67 120 128 103 105 134 128 116 132 429 345 342 376 1492 '89 110 112 114 112 110 92 116 108 113 97 120 128 103 448 318 318 351 1435 School Year Ending. SOURCE: Enrollments and Projections by Iroquois School District. The Primary School is in excellent structural condition and considering its convenient location, this structure has already been scheduled and designed for reuse as an ex- tended elderly care center. The School District's recent sale of this property in- cluded an additional small piece of property which included a portion of the football field necessitates a slight relocation of the field to the north. The rezoning de- cision to enable the renovation of the Primary School Building to the Extended Elderly Care Center was approved in 1983. Since the Iroquois School District is the responsible agency for planning and imple- menting the educational needs of the Township, no attempt will be made herein to dupli- cate its efforts. There should, however, be a close level of coordination between the Township government and the School District in certain areas and as such, the following general planning recommendations are made: (1) All physical facility development plans of the School District should be reviewed by the Township Planning Commission and Board of Commissioners for coordination with the Township Comprehensive Plan. (2) Act 247, Section 305 requires that at least thirty (30) days prior to the execution of any relocation, demolition, removal or sale of any school district structure or land, that the school district must submit its proposed actions to the Township and County Planning Commission for review 03 7 2 441 9 6513 517 and recommendation. -74- (3) The planning and programming of recreational facilities and services is an area which deserves close coordination between the District and Township. A certain percentage of School Board representation on the Township Recrea- tion Commission should be maintained to provide for this ongoing need. (4) Problems relating to road conditions, intersection deficiencies, signing and signalization that are faced by the District's transportation system deserve high priority treatment and an open door to communication between the Township and School District must always be maintained. RECREATION Lawrence Park holds within its name a promise that is well kept. One of the objec- tives of Lawrence Park is that no child should have to walk more than one-quarter mile to a playground. The park locations shown on the adjacent map show that the community is very close to meeting this objective. Parks are conveniently located to all residential districts, and are well improved with recreational equipment. Indeed, the only dwellings which do not enjoy walking access to a community park are those in the mobile home park south of the railroad; this can be solved with the opening of Nagle Road as explained in the Transportation Plan. The park system along Four Mile Creek provides the most diverse and complete recrea- tional facilities within the Township. The park itself serves as a buffer between the residential neighborhood and the General Electric Plant and utilizes and con- serves the creek as a natural element interspersed within the developed area. Since this creek is also the area most prone to flooding in the community, its use for recreational purposes serves the public goal of protecting properties from natural hazard. The west side of the creek is used for a community playfield with baseball diamonds as the major use. The east side of the creek contains central playground facilities including play apparatus, shelters for picnicking and craft programs, and tennis courts. The park extends from East Lake Road south to the railroads, but most of the facilities are located north of Main Street. Bank erosion along the entire length of the recreational area has occurred during periods of heavy runoff and has damaged the playground area. Steps must be taken to stabilize the bank to prevent further damage to this facility. As of this writing, a funding application has been submitted and approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs (DCA) to implement this necessary project. As was recommended in the Transportation Plan, the rerouting of the Bikeway from Lawrence Parkway to Napier Avenue on the east side of Four Mile Creek Park would further enhance the recreational use of the Park as well as provide safety due to the longer-range programmed Water Street Expressway. An expansion of the Park along Four Mile Creek is possible on the former site of the first public school in Lawrence Park. This school sat on the small block surrounded by Napier, Priestley,Morse and Draper. The site is a little more than two acres in area and has been acquired by the Township from the School District. The site is level and wooded and is used for passive and creative recreation even though no improvements have yet been made to the site. Due to its ownership, location and past favorable comments by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Planning Commission considers that a portion of this site should be reserved for the Elderly Housing Project, as was discussed in the Housing Plan. Should this site be approved for such purposes, it is recommended that the western half of the block be retained as much as possible -75- in an undeveloped state for the passive recreation needs of the elderly and as a connecting buffer to Four Mile Creek Park. The Lakeside Township Park is located in the center of the residential neighbor- hood north of East Lake Road. This park extends south from Lake Erie across Lakeside Drive and continues between Putnam Drive and Joliette Avenue to Dobbins Road. Playground apparatus and a tennis court are located in the southern portion of the park which centrally locates them to the area residents. Restructuring of this recreational area is necessary to eliminate overlapping usage for baseball and playground areas. The addition of a second tennis court is also desirable. The Township has a launching ramp on Lake Erie for use by residents. The ramp is made of concrete. However, it is in very poor condition and should be recon- structed. This park is centered on a drainage course which allows a more gentle grade for an approach to the Lake than is possible anywhere else in the Township other than Four Mile Creek. Since the Lake is an exceptional asset for the Town- ship, every effort should be made to utilize it. This should include an expansion of the area adjacent to the Lake to include recreational facilities in addition to the reconstructed boat launching ramp. In 1982 the Township, via a Coastal Zone Management grant, had its engineers develop an updated Design Study of the Lakeside Recreation Area. The final recom- mendations of this Study are shown in a phased approach on the two (2) accompanying plates. These plates were extracted from the Lakeside Feasibility and Design Study as prepared by Urban Engineers, Inc. in September 1982, and represent the Township's long-range plan for this park. A full explanation of the phased approach is in- cluded within the aforementioned study. Elbow Tree Park, located on a block of its own (surrounded by Emmet Drive, Rankine Avenue, Smithson Avenue and Niagara Place) as well as the three (3) small trian- gular parks located along Iroquois Avenue are parks that should continue to be used for passive recreation use. Finally, the School District provides numerous recreational facilities that com- plement the Township's program. There are recreational facilities located at the Junior-Senior High School. Playground equipment is located on the western edge of the school property, tennis courts on the eastern edge and three baseball fields along the southern boundary. There is a very active youth baseball program that utilizes these fields but there are no sanitary facilities at the present time. Provisions were made in the construction of the school bus garage to facilitate the addition of these facilities at a later date. The addition of these facilities in the near future should be considered. The High School area also contains a large "green" area between the school building and the athletic field. The usage of this area is severely hampered by a runoff creek that flows through the center of this area. This small creek should be tubed and the area leveled over to make it possible to better utilize this spot for recreational purposes. Adjacent to the elementary school is another primary recreational area. This area includes a playground, two softball fields, a football field and an ice skating pond with a changing and warming building. The expansion of the playground to include a total play facility which develops physical fitness and creative develop- ment would give the Township a unique play facility which would be more creative, -76- safer and more beneficial to the children of the community than a conventional playground incorporating individual play apparatus. This is the best location for this facility as it is the most centrally located to the community and the elementary school. Joint planning and financing by the School District and Town- ship is recommended for this improvement. UTILITIES The current network of public utilities is shown on the accompanying map. Unlike most communities in Erie County, Lawrence Park is totally served by public water and sewer service. No on-lot systems are necessary. Private extensions to the two (2) development opportunity tracts (the Golf Course and the northwest section of the Township) can be made off of existing major distribution lines on East Lake Road. Both water and sanitary sewers are extensions of the City of Erie's systems. Im- provements to the Township's system will be limited to the replacement of old water.mains and the addition of new lines to complete loops which will ensure even pressure for increased fire protection. The Township's Engineers have iden- tified a number of existing six (6) inch water line deadends which need to be converted into loops to provide better pressure. The City plans to improve water service to the area by the installation of a twenty-four inch main along East Lake Road into Harborcreek Township, and by a thirty inch line along Buffalo Road. Minor problems occur in the sanitary sewerage system and this is a dual result of the age of the sewer lines and needs created by additional development outside of the Township. The most immediate problem that the Township must solve is founded within a 290 foot section of fifteen (15) inch sewer pipe, immediately north of Wesleyville Borough on Lawrence Parkway. A recent television camera inspection revealed sections of pipe that were missing, crushed and cracked with some badly off-set joints throughout this span. As this sewer line is the only transmission line carrying Wesleyville sewage to the City-of Erie's Waste- water Treatment Plant, the project is a joint priority. A project funding appli- cation has been submitted by both municipalities to the Pennsylvania Department of Commerce for a Community Facilities (Harness Racing Bill) grant to match local funds to implement the renovation of this line. The Township's Engineers have identified the eventual replacement of the remaining 15 inch line along Lawrence Parkway to be an upcoming capital need of the Township. The need to construct a new and continuous twelve (12) inch sewer interceptor line along Iroquois Avenue, from Main Street to East Lake Road, to improve collec- tion in the southern portion of the Township has also been identified as a long- range need by the Township Engineers. Other project needs of a long-range nature include the construction of a new lift station at East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue with the addition and update of existing pumping facilities. The use of a television camera inspection program (as was used along Lawrence Parkway) is recommended to be utilized for an update program on the eight (8) inch lines which serve the majority of the local system. -77- FRANKLIN AVE AVE HARVEY E. C@ AvE PUTNAM DR, z 0 a LAS LE 0 P GRIFFIN !n 90 LAKE CLIFF DR. LAWRENCE PARKWAY :b 2t R iz, 'A NEWTON All -4 F N F- - - - - I PRIESTLEY AVE nl I AVE. SILLMAN AVE. Y SMITHSON AVE.. CUNNINGHAM DR. cP SNOOPY CROTTY DR. CROTTY DR. TYNDALL LE ve 0 BURKHART AVE. 8 NAGLE RD. 0 D 0 0 D 0 D > 0 0 0 c ca CD 90 CD 01 0 CD * CD 9 Q - @E ?- 01 CD 10 CD Con (D (D (D gD @E w m (D Q ca 0 CD -9 CD so 0 CL to (D (D -0. 0 0 0, C 0 0 CD LID. LA. 0 0 0 (D Q MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS The governmental offices of Lawrence Park Township are housed in a converted dwelling on Silliman Street between Iroquois and Main. The structure is inade- quate and does not meet acceptable safety standards for a public building. It is located on a parcel containing three lots. The structure must also provide offices for the police as well as other Township purposes. The space is inade- quate for these needs. There is no space for meetings of the Commissioners and other boards. An unmanned post office is located on the same site, and is con- venient to the residents of the Township. A fire station owned by the Township is sited across the street from the Township Building on the northeast corner of Main and Silliman. In addition to providing for the garaging of fire fighting equipment, the structure provides meeting rooms for the firemen. This space, in the absence of adequate room in the Township Building, also provides for meetings of the Township Boards. As this situation is far from ideal, the plan calls for the construction of a new Township Building on the northwest corner of Main and Silliman. The struc- ture would occupy a site presently utilized by a gas station. The site abuts the three lots already owned by the Township so that ample parking can be provided, serving the needs of the post office, the volunteer firemen and the business district in addition to those of the police and Township administration. A structure of approximately 6,000 square feet should be ample for the needs of the Township. The new Township Building is also intended to provide an important element in the revitalization of the business district. Its central location, open space, landscaping, off-street parking facilities, and--most importantly-- its indication of community commitment to an improved Lawrence Park should combine to stimulate other investment to help revitalize the central business district. PROTECTION The Township of Lawrence Park is fortunate to have a very active and committed Volunteer Fire Company. This observation is also shared by the community as the recent opinion survey of the Planning Commission found that approximately 91% of all respondents had rated fire protection as either good or excellent in the Township. The Volunteer Fire Company currently (1983) consists of about 30 volunteers from the Township. A reciprocal assist relationship with the nearby volunteer companies of Wesleyville, Fairfield, Harborcreek and Brookside is in place to provide for additional firefighting capacity as needed. The Volunteers have been very active as of late in fire prevention education programming and this has spanned the schools to the business community. The Company has recently solicited bids for its major capital needs, i.e. a 1500 gallon per minute pumper/tanker. This major rolling stock addition will be added to the existing equipment and no further additions are felt to be necessary in the short-range future. -78- The major problem facing the fire company is the settling of fire hydrants through- out the community which can in emergency situations hamper or make it nearly im- possible to hook up hosing without on-the-spot (and timely) excavating. As such, it is recommended that an early action program be undertaken by the Township to correct this most serious safety problem. Police protection in the Township is provided by a small Township force and it should be noted that the State Police Barracks is also housed within the Township. Local law enforcement constitutes an area of municipal services vital to every citizen. Municipalities must be prepared to provide a range and level of police service that will make citizens feel secure in their homes and communities. The primary purpose of a police department is to provide a service to its community that ensures preservation of peace, the protection of life and property against attacks by criminals, and protection against injury by the careless and inadvertent offender. If a police department is to maintain its effectiveness or achieve a level of acceptable effectiveness, it must be able to meet certain standards. Accompanying this section is a check list for evaluating police capabilities, services rendered and supportive services. This check list was derived from a 1974 study conducted by the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. It is suggested that Lawrence Park officials and the Police Department utilize the check list to determine the Department's overall effectiveness. If they are not satisfied with the results of their evaluation, then it is suggested that both groups undertake the necessary corrective actions to eliminate areas of con- cern or deficiency. Finally, it should be noted that the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs' (DCA) Bureau of Local Government Services provides a police management technical assistance program for communities interested in receiving outside recommendations. Should the Commissioners be interested, their requests should be made through the Erie Regional Office of the DCA. -79- Police Service Evaluation Checklist This checklist was prepared to aid local officials in evaluating their pre-sent police services In light of standards expressed by professionals in the law enforcement field, municipal officials, and the public. Local law enforcement constitute@. an area of municipal services vital to every citizen. Municipalities must beprepared to provide a range and level of poli Ice services that will make citizens feel 'secure In their homes and communities. For a police department to maintain opera- tional effectiveness it must be able to meet the following standards; If it cannot, there is a serious deficiency in the service it provides. The methods outlined in the article should then be utilized to improve the police department's service. Grade Points Municipal Police Standards (Capabilities) 1.) Provide 24-hour coverage for police services. 2.) Potential for back-up support for police officers on duty. 3.) Provide preventive patrols to minimize crime, traffic accidents, violations of the law. 4.) Professionally staffed communications system. 5.) Capability for continuous communication with adjacent law enforcement agencies. 6.) EffectivecommunicabonvAth the public to keep them informed of procedures by which the police may be called for assistance.during emergencies. 7.) An efficient records system. 8.) Cooperative police community relations programs. 9.) Capability to plan for a variety of emergencies such as civil disorders, riots, and major disasters. 10.) Efficient use of available resources to keep costs at reasonable levels. Municipal Police Standards (Services Rendered) 11.) Arrest of persons who violate the various federal, state, and local laws; the service of summonses and citations instead of arrest; and the giving of warnings instead of summonses and citations. 12.) Obtain evidence lawfully; protect, gather and preliminarily process evriden ce at the scene of a crime: and forward evidence to a crime laboratory for analysis. 13.) Investigate complaints from the public; conduct preliminary and continuing investiga- tions-, and receive assistance from state and federal agencies when necessary. 14.) Interview complaintants and witnesses professionally with regard for civil rights of prisoners/suspects. 15.) Selectively enforce juvenile laws; operate within department guidetnes when it is necessary to interview, warn, or refer a child to a representative of the juvenile court. 16.) Appear as a witness in court; cooperate with the district attorney, coroner, parole or probation officer or other court officials. 17.) Enforce traffic laws; direct traffic, investigate traffic accidents; give traffic information, and test for the influence of alcohol or drugs. 18.) Provide temporary custody and detention for all prisoners in accordance with special requirements for women and juveniles. 19.) Restrain criminals and those of unsound mind with use of only necessary force. 20.) Attempt to settle all disputes peacefully, taking legal action as a last resorL 21.) Prevent street disorders from becoming riotous conditions through prompt police action. Municipal Police Standards (Supportive Services) 22.) Assistance to persons who are mentally ill. - 23.) Give first aid to those who are injured in traffic or other accidents. 24.) Coordinate emergency action in a variety -of circumstances. relating to dangerous conditions. 25.) Maintain liaison with community agencies capable of providing assistance to persons who need medical or financial help. 26.) Protect minors found living under circimstances indicating that they are in danger of abuse or neglect; notifying parents, guardians, appropriate child welfare or religious agencies. Rating Accumulated Grade Points Excellent 23 1o26 Good - 20 to 22 Fa ir - 17 to 19 Poor 0 to 16 SOURCE: PA Department of Comunity Affairs -8o- IMPLEMENTATION The implementation of the Lawrence Park Township Plan will require concerted action by many agencies, groups and officials. The purpose of this section is to provide an overall summary of the major projects, programs and opportunities as well as identify the means through which they can be implemented. LAND USE CONTROLS The majority of the land use recommendations can be implemented without major cost to the Township through updating and preparing new land use controls. The update of the Township's Zoning Ordinance to put the Land Use Plan in motion should be the first priority of the Township. The adoption of a Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance and a Planned Residential Ordinance should also be pursued in the short- range future (within five years) with priority given to the Subdivision Ordinance first, as small scale developments are more apt to occur during this period. While the Township Planning Commission is fairly familiar with the Zoning and Sub- division tools, it should not underestimate the longer range importance of the Planned Residential Development Ordinance should the Golf Course cease its opera- tions and development pressures increase. The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (Act 247) provides the enabling legislation for local governments to enact Planned Residential Development (PRD) Ordinances, which combine elements of both the zoning and the subdivision and land development ordinances into a more flexible and innovative design approach. The purposes for adopting a PRD ordinance include: a. To meet the growing demand for all housing types. b. To add design flexibility. c. To encourage innovations in residential development. d. To encourage a more efficient use of land and public services. e. To provide a procedure which can relate the type, design, and layout of the development to the site. Basically, PRD regulations establish certain overall standards for density, water supply, sewage disposal, percentage of open space, and so on. The developer is per- mitted considerable flexibility within these established criteria, given the approval of PRD plans by the electorate. PRD is, however, only an option which is available to the developer meeting certain criteria. Properly designed and administered, a PRD can benefit both the developer and the municipality. The PRD generally permits the developer to increase his overall density in return for a percentage of total land used for and devoted to common open space. The developer benefits by having increased design flexibility and fewer roads and utility lines. The municipality benefits by a centralization of service areas, less maintenance, more beneficial use of developable land area, and the reservation of common open space. CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT REVITALIZATION As stated in the Central Business District Plan and the Community Development Goals and Objectives, the revitalization of the Central Business District is the major land use element- The necessity of a joint public and private program is most apparent. The Central Business District Plan offered general recom'menda- tions and alternatives to meet the revitalization objective. Specifics should, however, be worked out by the Township and as such it is highly recommended that an overall Central Business District design and cost feasibility study be pre- pared, with the participation of the local business community, in the immediate future. As suggested in the Plan, DCA planning monies should be pursued for this project. The assistance of the County Planning Department staff and/or a professional grantsman is warranted for application purposes. However, a proven economic development specialist with hands-on CBD experience should be procured to develop the final plan. The details of the LERTA Ordinance should also be firmed up by the Township within the short-range future and this will require communication with the County Board of Assessment and the School District. Finally, the Appendix includes several land use'related Federal/State grant pro- grams that should be pursued during the implementation stage. HOUSING CONSERVATION PROGRAM instituting a,conservation program to preserve Lawrence Park's housing stock is an essential element of the Housing Plan. Recognizing that the majority of the Township's housing stock is in sound condition means that conservation practices are.the foundation of the Housing Plan. 'Priority should be given to Neighborhoods 4, 5 and 6, since most of these areas meet1the following criteria which consti- tutes a conservation program. (A) Time - The length of time the present land use pattern should continue in an area is an essential criteria in determining whether it should receive a high or low priority for treatment utilizing housing law enforcement to maintain minimum standards and protect general health and safety. Since all of the pre-sent residential neighborhoods are proposed to continue as residential areas, a conservation program is essential to conserve/preserve the existing sound structures and ensure the rehabilitation/ removal of substandard structures to prevent the spread of blight. (B) Condition and Type of Structures - If the structures in the area are in such a dilapidated condition that they are not worth saving, then the area does not warrant conservation action. Obviously, this is not the case in La'wrence Park as the overwhelming majority of its housing is sound. -82- (C) Use - The use designated by the community comprehensive plan or as dictated by strong community factors may determine whether particular structures should be preserved. Since this comprehensive plan basically proposes the continuation of the Township's present residen- tial areas,. there is no doubt that existing, sound residential struc-_ tures should be preserved. (D) Land Coverage If the structures are so large and so placed upon their lots as to create a density that exceeds acceptable standards, conservation would only tend to preserve this undesirable density. While there are some isolated situations where such conditions exist, it is expected that the Township can effectively deal with these situa- tions on a case-by-case basis to minimize future problems as well as control further density increases via zoning. In order to implement a meaningful and effective housing conservation program, an overall code enforcement program will eventually be required. A housing code is the legal tool for ensuring that residential structures meet basic health and safety standards to serve not only the welfare of the occupant, but'also, adjoining pro- perty owners and the community at large. A Code Enforcement Program need not be so comprehensive in scope that it becomes an overwhelming.administrative and com- pliance nightmare. Another important component of any conservation program is financial in nature. One barrier to code compliance is generally the fear of property reassessment, due to the present tax structure. As such, property tax valuations should not be increased upon completion of work done specifically to meet code standards. In line with this policy, the municipality seeking to enforce codes successfully should publicly adver- tise a list of improvements which would not result in any increased assessment. Another method which could beutilized in a conservation effort is a,tax credit as an incentive to encourage owners of homes to bring them up to housing code standards. For example, a tax credit of 10% on repairs up to $3,000 per dwelling could be granted for a period of 2 or 3 years if the work was accomplished within that period. The specific parameters of this program would be determined by the Township depending upon what it estimates it can afford in discounted tax receipts. In making this de- cision, local officials should consider that for every $1,000 of credit, $10,000 worth of improvements will.have been made, contributing a great deal to the overall housing quality. Conservatio'n and code enforcement must also be tempered with the knowledge that low income and elderly live.in some of the units which do not meet minimum standards. They either cannot afford to do the necessary repairs themselves or they cannot afford the higher rents which would often accompany repair. For this reason, housing code enforcement must be coupled with some form of assistance when dealing with these cases. As such, governmental.rehabilitation financial programs should be used in combination with code enforcement. Considering the current state of flux, uncertainty and potential funding reductions within Federal housing assistance pr ograms, one option to consider in meeting the financial needs of the low income and elderly within the Township is the development of a locally subsidized housing "rehab" program. The program would be ideally spon- sored at the County level for all communities, with the administrative and technical support of the County Redevelopment Authority. Under such a program, the Township would create a special housing "rehab" fund and at the same time arrange for a line of credit at a cooperating bank. By pre-arranged agreement the Township would be -83- permitted to make loans to qualified home owners by drawing from its line of credit. A portion of the "rehab" fund would then be used to discount the interest on the homeowners loan. It is probable 'that the Township could induce the cooperating bank to authorize loans at below-market rates. While the homeowner would be the ultimate recipient of the loan, the loan would actually be made to the Township. Thus, the interest earned by the bank would be tax-free, and therein lies the inducement of the bank to cooperate in the program. As a further inducement to encourage homeowner's par- ticipation in the "rehab" loan-program, the municipality would subsidize a portion of the already below-market rate--say one or two percent--and that subsidy (aiffer7, en'tial) would be paid to the bank in a lump sum immediately upon the execution of the loan to the homeowner. As a service to the Township and the loan recipient, the cooperating bank would service the loan papers; however, the homeowner would remain responsible to the municipality. One other option that could be used immediately, while the previous items are being worked out and coordinated, involves the use of voluntary improvements. "Clean-up, Fix-up and Paint-up" campaigns can be effective methods of initiating voluntary improvement programs and frequently many owners make an honest attempt to equal or better the requirements established by a community. However, the problem lies with, those owners who cannot afford to make the recommended or required improvements or refuse to do so. The only solution in this instance involves the implementation of all or part of the preceding conservation program. HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY As indicated in the Housing Plan, there is a strong desire and need to provide for housing for the elderly in the Township. The implementation of this project will requirea sponsor; whether the sponsor is public, non-profit or private will'be determined by the availability of grant and/or loan money-under one or. more of@the housing programs listed in the Appendix. While elderly need was determined in the Housing Plan, based upon current Federal housing assistance standards, it is recommended that the Township once again survey the needs of its elderly to determine real world demand.' Secondly, the Township should communicate with various Federal housing program managers and private de- velopers to explain its elderly housing needs and potential sites listed in the Housing Plan. Coordination should also be made with the Erie County Housing Authority, for potential direct public sponsorship and/or technical assistance in dealing with the State and Federal bureaucracy in identifying other project funding packages. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAMMING In order to implement the identified capital projects listed as Township responsi- bilities under the Transportation, Housing and Infrastructure Plans, capital im- provements programming is strongly recommended. -84- The objective of capital improvement programming (CIP) is threefold: (1) Identify all capital spending projects (new building and new equipment, road paving, parks improvements, etc.) by scope and cost, (2) determine priorities in line with real- istic needs, and (3) budget the priorities within the framework of available finances. The CIP process should cover a period of no more than six (6) years and should be updated annually. The CIP process is essentially a framework for evaluation and use of the Township Commissioners. It should provide a basis for the capital pro- gramming decisions of the Township. Based upon the updated results of the CIP process an annual capital budget should be prepared at the same time as the general operating budget. Capital improvement programming also aids in the following: (1) To assist government in presenting a comprehensive picture of capital projects for which public funding is needed. (2) To assure that projects are well thought out preceding construction. (3) To assure that projects will be discharged in order of their predetermined priority and to plan in advance for the funding required. (4) To help in the coordination of projects to avoid waste and duplication of effort. (5) To permit better use of State and Federal funding. (6) To protect the Township from undue influence of special interest groups in pet projects. (7) To aid in encouraging a balanced, predetermined order of development, thus avoiding impetuous actions. REGIONAL COOPERATION Lawrence.Park has recently joined together with several other communities to discuss potential joint roles and relationships. In Pennsylvania, there are three (3) main approaches to intergovernmental cooperation: -the agreement, the joint authority, and voluntary councils of government. Examples of past regional cooperation in eastern Erie County is limited. However, the tri-party authority between Lawrence Park, Harborcreek, and Wesleyville, that led to the construction of the swimming pool complex at the suburban YMCA site is a good example of what can be accomplished when there is a common goal. Various subject areas that can and should be considered as potential regional roles ,for Lawrence Park Township include code enforcement, ordinance administration, refuse collection and disposal, police protection, grantsmanship activities, and .joint purchasing. The form and substance of regional cooperation should be deter- mined by Township officials in the immediate future.so that new and more cost- effective regional approaches may be implemented. Technical assistance in forming the most ideal intergovernmental agreement can be made available through the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs' Bureau of Local Government Services. -85- APPENDIX to the LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE APPENDIX A 'COASTALIZONE POLICY FRAMEWORK AND SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONCERNS APPENDIX B FEDERAL AND STATE ASSISTANCE APPENDIX C 1980 CENSUS STATISTICS APPENDIX D OPINION SURVEY AND RESPONSES APPENDIX A COASTAL ZONE POLICY FRAMEWORK I. COASTAL HAZARD AREAS It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to require municipalities with bluff recession hazard areas along the Lake Erie Shoreline as determinedin @the "Shoreline Erosion and Flooding - Erie County" report of 1975 to enact set- back ordinances affecting stationary structures. These ordinances will regulate construction within a specified distance from the edge of the bluff. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to regulate, through permit, the siting of any water obstruction or encroachments along Lake Erie, to assure proper planning, design, construction, maintenance and monitoring, in order to prevent unreasonable interference with water flow (which includes sediment laden beach enriching littoral currents) and the protect navigation. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to assist Erie County and affected coastal municipalities in the preparation (individually or jointly on a watershed basis) of stormwater management plans and.in the implementation of the plans by assisting them in adopting or amending codes, regulations, and ordinances to regulate development in such a manner as to mitigate the adverse impacts to Lake Erie bluffs due to increased rates of stormwater runoff. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to provide technical assistance and advice concerning the design of structural and nonstructural methods for shore protection and bluff stabilization. In addition, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to continue to support scientific research on shore protection, recession rates, littoral transport and other aspects of the coastal environment of Lake Erie. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program acting through the Department of Environmental Resrouces and in concert with the Department of Community Affairs to actively assist and to help ensure that identified flood prone'coastal municipalities develop state approved floodplain management regulations that incorporate at a minimi- the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the requirements of the State Floodplain Management Act. In addition, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to regulate the construction of or substantial improvement to various types of structures and obstructions in the designated floodplains in order to: (i) encourage planning and development in floodplains which are consistent with sound land use practices; (ii) protect people and property in floodplains from the dangers and damage of floodwaters and from materials carried by such flood- waters; (iii) prevent and eliminate urban and rural blight which results from the damages of flooding; Uv) implement a comprehensive and coordinated program of floodplain management, based upon the National Flood Insurance Program, designed to preserve and restore the efficiency and carrying capacity of the streans and floodplains of the Commonwealth; (v) assist municipalities in qualifying for the National Flood Insurance Program; (vi) provide for and en- courage local administration and management of floodplains; and (vii) minimize the expenditure of public and private funds for flood control projects and for relief, rescue and recovery efforts. A-1 Furthermore, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to assist local municipalities in the amelioration of periodic flooding due to increased surface runoff from areas adjacent to the floodway by encouraging the develop- ment, on a watershed basis, of comprehensive stormwater management plans that prevent increased rates of runoff. II. DREDGING AND SPOIL DISPOSAL It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure that dredging and spoil disposal and related activities including the recovery of commercially valuable sand and gravel in the coastal zones will be regulated to protect against obstruction to navigation, reductions in flood flow capacity, and damages to the public interest, as well as minimize harmful impacts to fish and wildlife habitats. it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to recommend that hydraulic dredging be used instead of mechanical dredging, whenever feasible. III. FISHERIES MANAGEIIENT It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure that, to the extent of intrastate control, that coastal*waters shall not contain substances attributable to point or nonpoint source waste discharges in concentration or amounts sufficient to be inimical or harmful to the water uses to be protected or to human, animal, plant or aquatic life including cold-water fish, warm-water fish, or migratory fish. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to manage the Commonwealth's coastal waters in such a manner as to augment native stocks and introduce appro- priate species, only after careful evaluation, such as muskellunge in the Dela- ware Estuary and salmonids in Lake Erie in order to provide diverse, unique, and bountiful catches for the Commonwealth's coastal fishermen. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to improve access to the Delaware Estuary and the Lake Erie waterfronts through the acquisition of new sites and/or the expansion of existing sites. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to undertake detailed technical studies of coastal fisheries, their aquatic habitats and associated issues that impact their management. IV. WETLANDS It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to preserve, protect and, where possible, enhance or restore the remaining tidal and freshwater wet- lands within the Commonwealth's coastal areas by regulating through permit: draining, dredging, filling, and other activities that affect water quality course, current or cross section of any water course, floodway or body of water. This includes regulated activities in or otherwise affecting any important wetland.' This will ensure the consideration of the wetlands' public values A-2 such as: areas of fish and wildlife habitat, including endangered species as identified in the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, storage areas.for flood waters, buffers against shorelineerosion, and water purification areas. Furthermore, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to protect wetlands from cumulative impacts associated with increased runoff from develop- ment and other activities occurring in adjacent areas by encouraging the develop- ment of comprehensive stormwater management plans, that regulate surface runoff and the resultant introduction of sediment, pesticides, salts, and toxic materials into wetlands. V. PUBLIC ACCESS FOR RECREATION It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to provide addi tional public access opportunities along the waterfronts of Lake Erie and the Delaware River for active recreation such as swimming, fishing, and boat launching, as well as for more passive activities such as sightseeing and picnicking. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to give high pr iority to acquisition and/or development of GAPC's, nominated as areas of significant. natural value, and areas of historical, cultural or recreational significance, to provide public access opportunities for active and/or passive forms of recrea- tion. VI. HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to assist the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in,the 'identification, restoration, and preser- vation of archaeologically, architecturally and historically significant sites and structures in the Commonwealth's coastal zones. VII. PORT ACTIVITIES It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to actively attract and' encourage the siting of port dependent economic activities in the Commonwealth's coastal ports. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to utilize its fiscal and other pertinent resources to support long-range, comprehensive planning for the future development and growth of the Port of Erie and the Pennsylvania Ports of the Delaware Estuary, which encourages the attraction, enhancement, and development of water dependent economic activities. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to utilize fiscal and other available management resources to: encourage the enhancement of current viable economic activities, encourage the attraction of new economic activities which adapt to the areas' changing needs, and encourage improvements in the areas' infrastructure to provide a strong economic base for the urbanized sec- tions of the Commonwealth's coastal zones. A-3 VIII. ENERGY FACILITY SITING It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure through regula- tions, by permit, that energy facilities such as oil and gas refineries, electric generating stations (coal, hydro, oil and gas), electric generating substations, gas drilling, and liquification of natural gas operations locating in the coastal areas are sited in such a manner that the coastal areas ecosystems are not un- reasonably adversely affected. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to facilitate the pro- duction of natural gas supplies in Lake Erie using proper environmental safe- guards that are designed to minimize adverse air and water quality impacts associated with resource exploration and development. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to utilize Coastal Zone Management funds and provide other pertinent assistance, to encourage coastal municipalities to amend their comprehensive plans to reflect the recom- mendations contained in the energy facility siting planning process developed by the Coastal Zone Management Program, which among-other things recommends that whenever feasible, new energy facilities are located adjacent to existing ones. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to support the develop- ment of outer continental shelf oil and gas resources through all available means, provided that the necessary environmental safeguards are enforced through regulation by the appropriate federal and state agencies to ensure that the integrity'of the adjacent fish and wildlife habitat is not irreparably damaged due to drilling and other development activities. IX. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION It is the policy of the Coasta@l Zone Management Program to initiate a program of "State Consistency" to ensure that all state administrative departments and independent administrative boards and commissions and other state agencies shall enforce and act consistently with the enforceable policies of the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program. It it the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to adopt by reference, the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act (P.L. 95-217, as amended) and to incorporate these requirements into the Commonwealth's Coastal Zone Manage- ment Program. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to adopt by reference, the requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act and to incorporate these require- ments into the Commonwealth's Coastal Zone Management Program. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to periodically initiate, coordinate, and participate in comprehensive studies aimed at improving the regulatory permitting process in the Commonwealth's coastal zones. A-4 It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to embrace the concepts set forth by "choices" and to promote the policy objectives and policies of 19choices" in the Commonwealth's coastal zones; to the extent permitted by the Coastal Zone Management Program's coordinative mechanisms and implementation resources. Choices for Pennsylvanians Objectives 1.0 To permanently strengthen Pennsylvania's economic base through innovation and modernization. 2.0 To promote the birth and expansion of innovative small businesses. 3.0 To make Pennsylvania a better place to-do business. 4.0 To. more effectively match people with jobs. 5.0 To revitalize Pennsylvania's urban and rural centers. 6.0 To strengthen intergovernmental partnerships for-planning and implementing sound development strategies. 1.0 To utilize natural resources in a manner which conserves energy .and protects the environment. X. PUBLIC IWOLVEMENT It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure that all meetings, where formal action is to be taken, be open to the public, preceeded by public notice and held in reasonably accessible locations. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to provide citizens, special interest groups, and all other segments of the public with opportuni- ties for early and continuous involvement a nd participation in the Co=onwealth's Coastal Zone Management Program, through the development of effective communica- tion and participation measures. It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to establish a Coastal Zone Advisory Committee whose purpose will be to: provide a forum from which to address state and local coordination on coastal issues, periodically review the Coastal Zone Management Program with respect to public responsiveness and meet- ing the needs of the Co n ealth, and to advise the Environmental Quality Board on regulations affecting coastal resources. A-5 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONCERNS The National Coastal Zone Management Act, while noting the importance of the entire coastal zone, declares that certain areas are of greater significance. As a require- ment for program approval, the Act requires "an inventory and designation of areas of particular concern within the coastal zone". There are two types of Geographic Areas of Particular Concern (GAPC's) identified for the Lake Erie coastal zone. These are Designated GAPC and Nominated GAPC. High and low priorities of use for both types of GAPC have been recommended by the Coastal Zone Management Program. Designated GAPC Designated GAPC within Lawrence Park Township and the guidelines on priorities of use are as follows: The Bluff Hazard Recession Area along Lake Erie is managed by the authority of the Bluff Recession and Setback Act. This area is a natural value area which has an even greater than normal degree of sensitivity caused by the bluff recession problem. Highest priority uses are to protect the natural values of the bluffs by requiring a minimum setback distance for all struc- tures built within bluff recession hazard areas. The results will prevent and eliminate urban and rural blight which results from the damages from bluff recession, and protect people and property in bluff areas from the damages of bluff recession. Low priority uses are any activities that would disrupt the natural dynamics in a way that would lead to increased bluff recession rates. Coastal floodplains are managed under the Authority of the Floodplain Manage- ment Act and the Clean Streams Law. These areas are managed in a manner that enhances or maintains their natural function of handling flood flow. H 'igh priority uses are recreational or development activities, which meet the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the State Act, and does not adversely impact the area's function as a floodplain. Low priority uses are any uses which would exacerbate flooding by impacting the area's natural function as a floodplain. Bluff recession leads to a loss of public investment as a result of flooding. Nominated GAPC Nominated GAPC are those areas which the public, State, and Federal agencies, inter- est groups, and other affected parties identified as deserving special management attention during implementation of the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program. Priorities of use in Nominated GAPC are not binding because the State does not con- trol them through direct ownership or regulation of specified resource areas such as bluff hazard areas, coastal floodplains and coastal wetlands. There are no Nominated GAPC within Lawrence Park Township. A-6 APPENDIX B FEDERAL AND STATE ASSISTANCE The following appendix includes a listing and general description of available Federal and State grant and loan programs that may be potential sources to imple- ment the community development and housing recommendations of the Plan. In the listing of housing programs, it should be noted that some of the specific interest rates and terms have changed since the original printing. However, the basic purpose, eligibility and subsidy explanations are still current. Also, the funding allocations for each program are subject to annual change. In the area of public housing, the two (2) major funding sources are the U.S. De- partment of Housing and Urban Development's Federal Housing Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farmers Home Administration. In order to develop low or moderate income subsidized housing in a communfty, an eligible sponsor from within the public or private sector must be utilized. Under the Housing Authorities Law of 1937 (P.L. 955) as amended, the State enacted the neces- sary legislation for cities and counties to create public housing authorities. For Lawrence Park, the Erie County Housing Authority is the appropriate public sponsor. Another organization that provides funds for housing is the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency. This Agency was created by the Housing Finance Agency Law of 1959 (P.L. 1688) as amended, with the similar objective of providing appropriately priced housing for low and moderate income families and individuals. It seeks to accomplish this by the use of mortgage loans financed through the sale of tax exempt bonds. The tax exempt status of the bonds permits a reduced interest rate on them; and therefore, a lower interest rate on the mortgages financed through the bonds. Both public and private sponsors can be used under the PHFA Program. B-1 THE -SMALL COMMUNITIES-PROGRAM PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CON M ITY AFFAIRS Pennsylvania's Small Communities Program (SCP) has been designed to provide assistance that helps to promote decent housing and a suitable living environment within eligible communities. It is also intended to provide for expanding economic development opportunities. Federal law requires that SCP funded activities give maximum feasible priority towards meeting one or more of the following objectives: 0 To principally benefit low- to moderate-income persons and families; To aid in the prevention or elimination of slums or blight; and 0 To eliminate urgent existing conditions which pose a serious or imminent threat to.the health and welfare of the community (HOWEVER: SCP funds may be used for this last objective only when a community can document that no other financial resources are available to meet suchneeds). Pennsylvania's Small Communities Program has Incorporated these three Federal statutory objectives in its design aimed primarily at community conservation and economic development. To achieve these two aims, the SCP cdntains six program objectives as a further refinement of the Federal objectives: 1. To assist Pennsylvania communities in their efforts to meet the needs of their low- to moderate-income residents. 2. To assist Pennsylvania communities in their efforts to eliminate or lessen local blight. 3. To encourage and assist Pennsylvania communities to pursue economic development activities through public/private investment initiatives and the creation of new jobs. 4. To stimulate and assist Pennsylvania communities to undertake needed commercial revitalization efforts through public/private investment Initiatives and the creation of new jobs. 5. To assist Pennsylvania communities in undertaking community facilities improvements vital to the health, safety and welfare of their residents. 6. To assist Pennsylvania communities in addressing necessary housing ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES SCP applications may be submitted only for the purposes and activities defined below: (1) the acquisition of real property (including air rights, water rights, and other interests therein) which Is (A) blighted, deteriorated, deteriorating, undeveloped, or inappropriately developed from the standpoint of sound community development and growth; (B) appropriate for rehabilitation or conservation activities; (C) appropriate for the B-2 preservation or restoration of historic sites, the beautification of urban land, the conservation of open spaces, natural resources, and scenic areas, the provision of recreational opportunities, or the guidance of urban development; (D) to be used for the provision of public works, facilities, and improvements eligible for assistance under this title; or (E) to be used for other public purposes; (2) the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, or installation (including design features and improvements with respect to such construction, reconstruction, or installation which promote energy efficiency) of public works, facilities and site or other improvements -- including neighborhood facilities using renewable resource energy system), streets, street lights, water and sewer facilities, foundations and platforms for air rights sites, pedestrian malls and walkways, and parks, playgrounds, and recreation facilities (including parks, playgrounds, and recreation facilities established as a result of reclamation and other construction activities carried out in connection with a river and land adjacent thereto where assistance under other Federal laws or programs is determined to be unavailable), flood and drainage facilities in cases where assistance for such facilities under other Federal laws or programs is determined.to be unavailable and parking facilities, solid waste disposal facilities which are located in or which serve designated community development areas; (3) code enforcement in deteriorated or deteriorating areas in which such enforcement, together with public improvements and services to be provided, may be expected to arrest the decline of the area; (4) clearance, demolition, removal, and rehabilitation (including rehabilitation which promotes energy efficiency) of buildings and improvements (including interim assistance, and financing public or private acquistion for rehabilitation, and rehabilitation, of privately owned properties and including the renovation of closed school buildings); (5) special projects directed to the removal of material and architectural barriers vhich restrict the mobility and accessibility of elderly and handicapped persons; (6) payments to housing owners for losses of rental income incurred in holding for temporary periods housing units to be utilized for the relocation of individuals and families displaced by activities under this title; (7) disposition (through sale, lease, donation, or otherwise) of any real property acquired pursuant to this title or its retention for public purposes; (8) provisions of public services, including but not limited to those concerned with employment, crime prevention, child care, health, drug abuse, education, energy conservation, welfare or recreation needs, if such services have not been provided by the unit of general local government (through funds raised by such unit, or received by such unit from the State in which it is located) during any part of the twelve-month period immediately preceding the date of submission of the statement with respect to which funds are to be made available under this title, and which are to be used for such services, unless the Secretary finds that the discontinuation of such services was the result of events not within the control of the unit of general local government, except that not more than 10 per centum of the amount of any assistance to a unit of general local goverment under this title may be used for activities under this paragraph; (9) payment of the non-Federal share required in connection with a Federal grant-in-aid program undertaken as part of activities assisted under this title; (10) payment of the cost of completing a project funded under Title I of the Housing Act of 1949; (11) relocation payments and assistance for displaced individuals, families, businesses, organizations, and farm operations, when determined by the grantee to be appropriate; (12) activities necessary (A) to develop a comprehensive community development plan, and (B) to develop a policy-planning management capacity so that the recipient of assistance under this title may More rationally and effectively (1) determine its needs, (ii) set long-term goals and short-term objectives, (III) devise programs and activities to meet these goals and objectives, (iv) evaluate the progress of such programs in accomplishing these goals and objectives, and (v) carry out management, coordination, and monitoring of activities necessary for effective planning implementation; (13) payment of reasonable administrative costs and carrying charges related to the planning and execution of community development and housing activities, including the provision of information and resources to residents of areas in which community development and housing activities are to be concentrated with respect to the planning and execution of such activities and including the carrying out of activities as described in section 701(e) of the Housing Act of 1954 on the date prior to the date of enactment of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981; (14) activities which are carried out by public or private nonprofit entities, including (A) acquisition of real property; (B) acquisition, construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or installation of (I) public facilities, site Improvements, and utilities, and (ii)-comme rcial or industrial buildings or structures and other commercial or industrial real property Improvements; and (C) planning; (15) grants to neighborhood-based nonprofit organizations, local development corporations, or entities organized under section 301(d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 to carry out a neighborhood revitalization or community economic development or energy conservation project in furtherance of the objectives of section 101(c); B-4 (16) activities necessary to the development of comprehensive community-wide energy use strategy, which may include items such as -- (A) a description of energy use and projected demand by sector, by fuel type, and by geographic area; (B) an analysis of the options available to the community to conserve scarce fuels and encourage use of renewable energy resources; (C) an analysis of the manner in, and the extent to, which the community's neighborhood revitalization, housing, and economic development strategies will support its energy conservation strategy; (D) an analysis of the manner in, and the extent to, which energy conservation objectives will be integrated into local government operations, purchasing and service delivery, capital improvements budgeting, land use planning and zoning, and traffic control, parking, and public transportation functions; (E) a statement of the actions the community will take to foster energy conservation and the use'of renewable energy resources in the private sector, including the enactment and enforcement of local codes and ordinances to encourage or mandate energy conservation or use of renewable energy resources, financial and other assistance to be provided (principally for the benefit of low- and moderate-income persons) to make energy conserving improvements to residential structures, and any other proposed energy conservation activities; (F) appropriate provisions for energy emergencies; (G) identification of the local governmental unit responsible for administering the energy use strategy; (H) provision of a schedule for implementation of each element in the strategy; and (I) a projection of the savings in scarce fossil fuel consumption and the development and use of renewable energy resources that will result from implementation of the energy use strategy; and (17) provision of assistance to private, for-profit entities, when the assistance is necessary or appropriate to carry out an economic development project. B-5 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PENNSYLVANIA DFPARTMFNT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS BUREAU OF HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT The Housina Assistance oroaram, administered by DCA's Bureau of Housing and Development, is authorized under the Housing and Redevelopment Assistance Law of 1955 as amended. The Section of the Law that ooverns the Housina Assistance program provides for state assistance to contribute to the development of low and moderate income housing. Projects assisted with State funds are tied to HUD or FmHA housina proarams. The aids available to sponsors are: (1) Direct grants - provided to sponsors who demonstrate that the housina project would be financially infeasible without state assistance. Grants are limited to 10% of the projects total development costs. (2) Seed Money Loans - provided to cover costs associated with pre-development expenses necessary to obtain federal subsidy fundina, The loans are repaid when construction begins. Pre-development costs may include items such as land options, leqal fees, test borings and application fees to the federal agency. Eligible Applicants There are three types of eligible applicants for State Housing Assistance funds: (1) a private nonprofit corporation (2) governmental agencies (3) authorities In recent years the Aeneral Assembly has appropriated $16 million for both the Housing and Redevelopment Assistance proqrams. Commitments for program funds are made by each DCA Renional Office to eligible projects in their area. Applications for state funds are channeled through both the Housing and Development Divisions for funding decisions. Anplication Procedures (1) Eligible applicants may submit a letter of intent to the appropriate DCA Regional nffice. It is recommended that the letters be submitted prior to the start of the State Fiscal Year, July 1. (However, applications may be submitted throughout the proaram year). (2) Proposals are invited and reviewed by DCA Regional Office Staff and recommended to the Central Bureau for approval/disapproval. (3) Final fundina approval is determined by the DCA Executive Office. B-6 GUIDE TO FARMER'S HOME ADMINISTRATION HOUSING PROGRAMS HOMEOWNERSHIP LOAN HOMEOWNERSHIP GUARANTEED LOAN (Section 502) (Section 502) To buy, build, rehabilitate, improve, To buy, build, rehabilitate, improve, or relocate a house which will be the or-relocate a house which will be the residence of an eligible family. residence of an eligible family. C) To install water and waste disposal Loans are made by private lenders and on a building site. guaranteed by FmHA. 11 1/2% (as low as 1% with subsidy) Interest rate will be negotiated between family and lender. It cannot cc exceed the interest being charged in area for other similar loans'. Maximum loan term is 33 years. Maximum loan term is 33 years. CD UJ On an existing house, term will be On an existing house, term will be ..J @- less. less. .Families (or individuals) with adjust- No subsidy is available under this ed annu'al incomes below,$11,200 may program. >_ be eligible for interest credit (sub- 2 sidy). Subsidy will reduce the month- Co ly payment to 20% of 'family's. adjusted V) monthly income or payment to principal, interest at 1%, taxes, insurance-- whichever is higher. Families (or individuals) who want to Families (or individuals) who do not be homeowners and do not already own already own standard housing and have standard housing and have adjusted adjusted annual incomes between >_ annual incomes below $15,600. $15,600 and $ 30,000 Must have enough income to repay the Must have enough income to repay the loan; be unable to get other afford- loan; be unable to get other afford- able financing; and be citizens or able financing; be citizens or legal J UJ legal aliens. aliens; be able to make downpayment of at least 3% of the cost of house. There is no mortgage limit. Each There is no mortgage limit. Each loan is based on the applicant's family's loan amount will be based ability to repay. House cannot be on ability to repay. House cannot larger than 1300 square feet of living be larger than 1400 square feet of area (except for very large families) living area (except for very large families). X _J B-7 FmHA PROGRAMS HOME REHABILITATION LOAN HOME REPAIR LOAN AND GRANT (Section 502 Incentive) (Section 504) To rehabilitate or repair a home Tomake minor repairs to homes to to bring the structure to a structur- make them safe and sanitary and to ally sound and functionally adequate remove hazards to the family or condition. Can include adding rooms community. Funds can be used for and plumbing. repairing roofs, screens, structural items, putting in plumbing, and paying utility connection fees. Interest rate varies. See subsidy % W LU section below for breakdown. $2500 loan 10 years $1500 loan - 10 years C> UJ $2501 - $5000 15 years $2500 .15 years $5001 - $7000 25 years $2501 $5000 20.years Interest rat6--is based on family's All loans are made at 1%. adjusted annual income: Elderly families eligible for grants 1% - if income is $3000 or less V) co 2% - if income between $3001 and $5000 3% - if income between $5001 and $7000 Low income families (or individuals) Very low income families (or indivi- who own structurally sound homes which duals) who own their own homes. need repair or rehabilitation. Must have enough dependable income Family must: to repay the loan and must be citizen have enough income to repay loan; or legal alien. be unable to get other financing cc I- on affordable terms; Applicants who are 62-or over may be __J be citizens or legal aliens., eligible for grant or combination loan and grant. 'No family may receive more than $7000 No family may receive more than at one time. $5000 in qrants or $7500 in loans. Funds cannot be used simply to improve a house's appearance. B-8 FmHA PROGRAMS FARM LABOR HOUSING LOAN RURAL RENTAL HOUSING AND GRANT (Section 514/516) (Section 515) To buy, build, repair, or improve To build, rehabilitate, improve, or housing and related facilities buy rental housing for rural famili-es uj for domestic farm labor. or individuals. C> UJ UJ 1% LU 10 3/4% cc 33 years C>W UP to 50 years _J I--- The rent to the tenant is lowered by Interest rate can be subsidized down ,reducing development costs through to as low as 1%, depending on, type of combination of the 514 loan and the borrower and loan option selected. Ca 516 grant. This reduces the loan Tenants can be further subsidized in amount to as little as 10% of develop- some projects with FmHA's Rental ment cost. Assistance Program or with Section 8. permitting them to pay abou tL 25% of their adjusted income for rent. Tenants: Farm laborers and their Tenants: depends on the type of families are to be given highest project, i.e., subsidized or unsub- priority. sidized. Borrowers: Farm owners, associations Borrowers: Individuals, partnerships, of farmers, nonprofit organizatinns profit, nonprofit, and limited pro- Co and housing authorities, unable to fit operations, housing authorities Cm provide the housing through private Only nonprofits and limited profits _J financing. Only nonprofit organ- are eligible for interest subsidies UJ izations and Lhousing authorities are eligible for grants. No maximum mortgage amount No limit on total but over $1.5 million must be approved by National Office. B-9 FmHA PROGRAMS SITE DEVELOPMENT LOAN/TA GRANT SITE DEVELOPMENT LOAN FOR SELF HELP HOUSING CL. (Section 523) (Section 524) Loan: to buy a tract of land and dev- To buy a tract of-land and develop elop it as building sites for self- it as building sites. Work could help housing. Could include engi- include engineering, subdivision, C) neering, subdivision, installing installing streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, water, sewer, electricity, C4 streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and gas as required by FmHA and the CL utilities. Grant: to hire a qualified person to municipality. supervise a nonprofit association of self-help families Uj Uj Uj <c 3% TO 3/4Z 2 years 2 years C) LU _j All loans are subsidized to 3% None co V) Borrowers: nonprofit associations of Nonprofit corporations or housing families engaged in development of. authorities. Sites may be sold to self-help housing, or housing auth- any buyer, regardless of@income. orities on behalf of such families Families: 502-eligible families with low income interested in b ildinj co u their home through self-help method The mortgages on the individual homes are.provided by the Section 502 program. Loan amounts greater than $100,000 Loans greater than $100,000 require require National Office approval. National Office approval. The supervisor provides technical assistance in construction, work allo- cation, and h -elps families secure 502 permanent financing. Grant amount _j for.this person may vary. B-10 bUIUL 1U HUD HOUSING PRUGRAMS HOMEOWNERSHIP INSURED LOAN HOMEOWNERSHIP INSURED LOAN MIDDLE INCOME LOW-TO-MODERATE INCOME (Section 203(b)) (Section 235) Provides Tnsurance for private lenders Provides insuranc.e for private to provide loans to families to pur- lenders to provide loans to families LU chase new and existing homes. to purchase new or rehabilitated LA homes. Could be subsidized to as low as LU W 4% UJ 11 1/2% 30 years maximum 30 years maximum None @omeowners pay 20% of adjusted income or the payment to principal, interest at 4%, insurance, mortgag e insurance (.7% of Mortgage), and ca taxes--whichever is higher. V1 Family must have good credit rating Family must have an income of no and ability to repay. greater than 95/00 of the area median (this.varies from county to county) Must be able to make a downpayment of 3% of the first $25,000 and 5% of the Family must be able to make downpay- amount over $25,000. ment of 3% of the cost of the house. 0-4 -3 UJ Maximum amount that can be borrowed Maximum amount that can be borrowed $67,500, but can be increased is $44,000, 75% in high cost areas. C) Income is reviewed every year. B-11 nuu rKUUKAII@) MOBILE HOME LOAN HOME IMPROVEMENT LOAN (Section 201) (Section 201) Provides insu-rance for private 1 .enders Provides 'insuranqe for private to provide loa.ns to families to pur- lenders to provide loans to families Ui chase new or used mobile homes. to improve their homes and increase Ln the basic livability or utility of the property, including mobile homes. Eligible work includes plumbing, structural items, wiring, eneryL conservation. UJLU 16 1/2% for mobile homes Uj Cr I--- cc 16 % for home/lot combinations 16 1/2% 15 years for single-wide CD LU 20 years for double-wide 15 years _j none none Co Family must have acceptable credit Family must have acceptable credit. rating and ability to repay. rating and ability to repay. Must have a downpayment of 5% of first $6,000 and 10% of amount over $6,000. LM _j Mobile home must be used for principal Maximum amount that can be borrowed residence of the borrower. Maximum is $15,000. amount, that can be borrowed -is $27,000 for a double-wide home; $18,000 for single-wide. B-12 HUD PROGRAMS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT HOME REHABILITATION LOAN PROGRAM (Rehab Loans/Grants) (Section 312) Provides loan and/or grant funds Provides loans fo.r home rehabilita- for home rehabilitation to families tion to families who cannot afford who cannot afford to fix up their to fix up their homes through any homes any other way. other means. CD Uj Uj Depends on local program 3% Uj 20 years or 3/4 of remaining life Co Uj Depends on local program of property,'whichever is less. Depends on local program reduced interest rate cc Depends on local program. Family must be owner-occupants living in certain neighborhoods Generally, eligible applicants will designated by the city for upgrading be low to moderate income families _j 0.4 living in certain target neighborhoods co selected by the city for upgrading. _j LU Ln Determined by the City. Maximum amount than can be borrowed per family is $27,000. 2 B-13 HUD PROGRAMS RENTAL HOUSING INSURED LOAN RENTAL HOUSING INSURED LOAN MIDDLE INCOME MODERATE INCOME (Section 207) (Section 221(d)(4)) Provides insurance to private lenders Provides insurance for loans made by to provide loans to build new rental private lenders for building or UJ housing. buying and rehabilitating-rental V) housing for moderate income families. Co CL CA. LU La W 13% 13% CD UJ 40 years 40 years none none (Section 8 New Construction Housing ca Assistance Payments may be piggy- backed with this program) Any profit-motivated borrower Any private or public for-profit, non- with ability.to repay loan. profit, or limited profit entity. No eligibility requirements for No eligibility requirements for tenants. tenants. cc 0-4 Priority in occupancy is given.to anyone displaced by government action.. UJ Loans must be for 8 or more units. Nonelevator per unit limits: in Developers must contribute 10% OBR-$19,406; IBR-$22,028; 2BR-$26,625; 2 of development cost. 3BR-$33,420; 4+BR-$37,870 I--- Nonelevator per unit limit: cc OBR-$19,500; 1BR-$21,600; 2BR-$25,800; Loan cannot be used to acquire exist- 3BR-$31,800; 4+BR-$36,000. ing project without intent of doing substantial rehabilitation. B-14 HUD PROGRAMS ELDERLY.HOUSING INSURED LOAN ELDERLY/HANDICAPPEDIHOUSING LU M DIRECT LOAN >_ (Section 202) (Section 231) Provides insurance to private lenders Provides financing for construction to make loans for construction or of new units for the elderly, dis- substantial rehabilitation of 8 or abled, or handicapped. Section 8 0@ more units of detached, semi-detached, Housing Assistance Payments are 0. row, walk-up, or elevator type multi- automatically linked to the program. CL. family structures for the elderly and handicapped. 13% The current average market i.nterest rate on outstanding U.S. Treasury obligations. C1 W 40 years maximum 40 years none Section 8 hew Construction housing assistancepayments provide subsid- (Section 8 New Construction Housing ies to eligible tenants. Assistance Payments may be piggy- C3 backed with this program) Borrower gets below market interest rate on financing. Any private or public for..-profit, non- Borrower: nonprofit corporations and profit, or limited profit entity. cooperatives are only eligible borrowers. At least 50% of tenants must be elder- Tenants: .persons or families with a ly or handicapped. member who is 62 or over or is co handicapped or disabled. No income limitations. CM Income limits same as Section 8 _j LU limits. Nonelevator per unit-limits: Nonelevator per unit limits: OBR-$14,450; 1BR-$20,625;. 2BR-$24,630. OBR-$19,000; IBR-$21,500; 2BR-$25,000 Elevator: OBR-$21,700; IBR-$24,900; 2BR-$30,800 B-15 HUD PROGRAMS LU C1. LOW RENT PUBLIC HQUSING HOUSING ASSISTANCE PAYMENT PROGRAM (Section 8) To build, rehabilitate, improve or Provides housing,assistance payments buy rental housing for independent to owners of new, substantially LU living for occupancy by low income rehabilitated, or existing housing C@ families. on behalf of eligible tenant CL -fami- ce. lies. This is a subsidy program, not a financing program. N/A N/A Existing: depends on lease C) UJ 40 60 years _J I--- New Construction: 20 to 40 ye-ars depending on financing method. Family pays 25% of their adjusted Family pays 25% of net or 15% of monthly.income for rent and utilities. gross income, 'whichever is higher, >_ for rent and utilities. HUD pays Operating subsidies are provided to difference between family's share of housing authorities to make up differ- rent and contract rent. (Fair Market ca ence between rent collected and opera- Rents for New Construction are high- V), ting costs. er than for Existing) Borrower: Local Housing Authority Owners can be private or public, Tenants: Must meet LHA's definition profit or nonprofit.' of family and have an income no great- @ligible tenants are those with >_ er than 72% of the area median. incomes of less'than 80% of the !7 Income limits vary from community tiD area median. J b@ community. CM _J Local housing authorities have an asset limitation for admission and a preference rating. Families are taken in this order: CC. displaced families, disabled or handi- capped, elderly, veterans, other. B-16 PENNSYLVANIA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (P.I.D.A.) ADVANTAGES 0 Lowest interest rate currently available � Loans are long term � P.I.D.A. financing may be used in combination with .other Local, State and Federal loan programs USAGE Can be used for: 0 Purchase and renovate existing building 0 Construct new buildings 0 Land acquisiton and preparation, including associated 0 Engineering and legal fees 0 Cannot be used for machinery and equipment ELIGIBILITY 0 Manufacturing * Research and development 0 Warehouse, distribution, terminal 0 Industrial enterprises 0 Facilities which create significant employment .opportunities .0 Pollution control projects 0 One job should be created for every $15,000 loaned 0 Cannot be used for retail establishments, restaurants or recreational facilities AMOUNT OF 0 $1,000,000 loan ceiling LOAN * P.I.D.A. portion of loan cannot exceed 702 of cost and building for land INTEREST 0 3% (until April 1984) RATE a Application and closing fee MATURITY 0 P.I.D.,A. portion cannot exceed 15 years or term of conventional loau, whichever is shorter SPECIAL *Provides 70% of building cost CONDITIONS Balance for land and buildings from lending institution at prevailing interest GEI,'F:RAL GConstruction financing required 0 P.I.D.A. portion takes 6-12 months for loan closing *For additional information regarding this particular funding program, contact the County Development Corporation or your local industustrial 4.qvelopment corporation B-17 INDUSTRIAL REVENUE BONDS AND MORTGAGE (IRB) ADVANTAGES Local financing and processing No costs incurred for registering bond with mortgage departmeTat USAGE Can be used*for: All P.I.D.A. eligible items, Plus *Machinery and equipment (only if used in conjunction with construction of new or additional facilities, improvements to existing space or initial occupancy of existing space a Cannot be used for working capital or inventory ELIGIBILITY 0 Manufa cturing 0 Research and development 0 Warehouse, distribution, terminal 0 Pollution control equipment 0 Financing may be used by qualified developer to construct industrial or commercial facilities for leasing 0 Cannot be used for restaurants or recreation facilities 'OPLIC JtYb st@vald be created fer every $15,009 leaned AMOUNT-6F LOAN 0 Can finance up to 100Z of project cost 0 $10 million maximum capital investment, unless project involves UDAG or pollution control INTEREST RATE 0 Interest rates pegged to prime (65-80% of prime) 0 Application, closing and annual fees MATURITY 0 Loan period cannot exceed useful life of asset SPECIAL 0 Loan conditions vary and are determined by lending CONDITIONS institutions GENERAL e Processing requires public hearing and approval by County Commissioners 0 For additional information regarding this particular funding program, contact the . County Development Corporation or your local industrial development corporation B-18 SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (SBA) WVANTAGES Available to those unable to obtain funds from private sources e Can be used for working capital ISAGE Can be used to: 0 Construct, expand or convert facilities * Purchase buildings, equipment or materials * Working capital IGIBILITY e Any $mall business use including manufacturing, wholesale, service, retailing, construction and agriculture 14OUNT OF LOAN e Direct SBA loans - $150,000 rj-ximum & SBA bank guaranteed loans -- 90% of loan, or $500,000 maximum, whichever is less NTEREST RATE * Direct SBA loans -- below prevailing market rates * SBA bank guaranteed loans -- above prevailing market rates o Application and closing fees ATURITY o Regular business loans 10 years e Working capitalloans 7 years * Construction or real estate acqui-sit-lon'loans 20 years * Economic opportunity loans - 15 years * Handicapped assistance loans -- 15 years * Displaced business.loans.- 30 years PECIAL * Applicant must have applied to, and been rejected by, JND1T1ONS at least one lending institution 0 May, require personal guarantee of owner 2,14ERAL SBA offers two. basic types of loans: 1. Loans by private lenders and guaranteed by SBA. Funds appropriated by Congress. SBA can,guarantee up to 90%. 2. Loans made direct by SBA. Also appropriated funds. Granted primarily to small firms having difficulty - raising funds in private market. * For additional information regarding this particular funding program, contact the @ .. County Development Corporation or your local industrial development corporation B-19 SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (SBA) 503 LOAN ADVANTAGES- Interest rates below conventional sources *Most universally applicable loan program for job creating projects USAGE Can be used for: 0 Land and building acquisition e Construction 0 Renovation or expansion 0 Machinery and equipment 0 Leasehold improvements 0 Reasonable contingencies ELIGIBILITY 0 One job should be created or retained for every $15,000 loaned 0 For profit company whose net worth.cannot exceed $6,000,000 -- with after tax profits not more than $2,000,000 0 Industrial, commercial and retail projects eligible AMOUNT OF LOAN 0 Each loan can have.diffexent.interest.rate (usually 4-6% below conventional rates) 0 App@ication and closing fees MATURITY 0 15, 20, 25 years depending upon project SPECIAL 0 Provides 40% of total need CONDITIONS 0 Private financing (can include IRB financing) 50% 0 Applicant provides 10% o SBA loan portion requires sale of bonds GENERAL ID Federal fund dispersement upon project completion o For additional information regarding this particular funding program, contact the' County Development Corporation or your local industrial development corporation B-20 NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COWLISSION REVOLVING LOAN FUND ADVANTAGES 0 Funds can be obtained in 4-6 weeks 0Can be combined with any other loan, intluding P.I.D.A., IRB, etc. USAGE Can be used for: o Building construction and/or renovation e Machinery and equipment, including engineering costs 0 Land acquisition and preparation including associated engineering and legal fees 9 Working capital a Interim loan in anticipation of permanent financing e Energy related product development and energy construction projects ELIGIBILITY * Small manufacturing 0 Fewer than 20 employees AMOUNT OF LOAN 0 $50,000 maximum for any one project 9 Applicant must provide minimum of 10% from own resources * Loan cannot exceed 1/3 of project cost INTEREST RATE * Interest rate based on 60% of prime (rounded to nearest 1/4%) on date of approval -- remains fixed throughout term of loan & Application and closing fees MATURITY 0 Land and buildings -- up to 20 years * Machinery and equipment - up to 10 years 0 Working capital -- up to 5 years SPECIAL *All conditions set by Northeastern Pennsylvania Regional CONDITIONS Planning and Development Commission GENERAL Similar loan programs also offered by.some communities oProgram subject to availability of funds eFor additional information regarding this particular funding program, contact the' County Development Corporation or your local industrial development corporation B-21 U.S. DEPART11ENT OF COMMERCE TITLE II, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT LOANS ADVANTAGES e Widest range of applicability USAGE Can be used for: 0Land, building, machinery and equipment *Working capital ELIGIBILITY aMust be in EDA certified development area AMOUNT OF LOAN 0No established minimums or maximums range from $200,000 to $5.2 million INTEREST RATE 0Direct loans: Below prevailing market rates 9 Guaranteed loans: Above prevailing market rates 0 Application and closing fees MATURITY .9 Direct loans: Fixed assets -- up to 25 years Guaranteed loans: Fixed assets -- up to 25 years SPECIAL e Provides 65% of total need CONDITIONS 9 Private financing 35% 9 Applicant equity 10% GENERAL *Project must be in an EDA-designated EDD or redevelopment area * Requires extended processing time o Dependent upon availability of funds *For additional information regarding -this particular funding program, contact the County Development Corporation or your local industrial development corporation B-22 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACTION GRANTS (U.D.A.G.) ADVANTAGES 0 Low interest rate 0 Loans are long term @e Funds can be used for broad range of projects USAGE Can be used for: 0Land, buildings, machinery and equipment *Working capi tal ELIGIBILITY 0Available only in eligible communities 0Community Development Office is first contact AMOUNT OF LOAN 9Cannot exceed 1/4 of project costs 0No limit on total amount of project INTEREST RATE 0Set by Federal government e.Generally below market rates MATURITY 0 Set by Federal government 0 Federal grant program is extended to community CONDITIONS 0 Community in turn loans funds to developer GENERAL 9 Program is most often linked with IRB *Requires extended processing time 0Dependent upon available funds 0For additional information regarding this particular funding program, contact the County Development Corporation or your local industrial development corporation B-23 1980 CENSUS OF POPOLAIJUN - CHAkACIERISIICS OF VEHISWIS LAINP(ENCE PARK GE06kAPHV: SIAIE-: 112 SmSAt 2360 COUNTY: 049 mcii: 105 PLACt @700 TRACTI 0114 ULOCKI Fu: ilA CU: 1. PERSUN5 bY.Uk6AN AND RURAL RE$IDENCE 1 2, FAkILIEb 1237 1 3. huuStt1uLuS (1) 1 st"I 1 1 TOTAL 4584 1-------------------------------------------- I------------------ ft ----------------------- INSIDE URHANIZED AREAS 45811 1 4. PERSONS 13Y SEX I S. NEI)JAN AGE OF PtHS0j,-8 bY SEX OTHER UkRAN RURAL I MALL 2164 1 TOTAL 33.8 ----------------- m --------------------- -I FEMALE 24i!0 1 0 ALF 31.8 I I F E;.i ALL 36.1 3A. PERSONS PEk HUOSEHOLD (7) 2.82 1 1 -m ---- m ............... ----------- I-------------------------------------------- I------------ ----------------------------- 6, PENSUNS by RACE 1 1. PERSONS HY 5PAf4I3m UNIGIN 1 8. pEmSuriS 14Y SEX fty Ai,k V4H I TE 4561 : NUT Of SPANISH ORIGIN 4570 : II)TAL FENALE BLACK 3 1 MEXICAN I AMtHICAN INDIAN 4 1 PUfkTO RICAN I I UNOLH LINE YEAR 55 2N ESP, 1 (111.1 1 CUdAN I I ANO 2 YEARS 117 60 ALEUT I OTHER SPANISH 7 1 3 APil) 4 YEARS III S9 JAPANESL 2 1 1 N YEAPS 51 27 CHINFSE 5 1------------------------- w ---------- m ------- 1 6 YEARS bs 10 FILIPINU 1 9. PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY RACE 1 7 Ili 9 YEARS ?0? 143 AORE AN 5 1 1 10 11) 13 YEARS 299 Ist AbIAN INDIA(i I I TOIAL 14 1 14 YEARS q.- 146 0 VIETNAMESE I wHiTE 13 1 15 YEARS 9.1 113 H, H A e@ A I I A vo I 8LACA 1 16 YEARS h 4 4#8 GUAmANIAN I AMERICAN INDIAN, ESKIMO, ALEUT AND 1 17 YEARS 91.3 Sit I ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANUEN (4) 1 18 YEARS SA11;UAN I .11 37 01 PIER (3) 3 1 OTHER (3) 1 1 19 YEARS h9 36 ?0 YEARS 7.'11 43- ---------- w ............................... -------------------------------------------- 1 21 YLAkS 42 tO. PERSONS Ply AGE BY RACE 1 22 Ili 24 YEARS 4? 1 Ion 1 25 10 29 YEARS 3(00 163 13 Uf'4DLR 5 TO 17 18 Ili 64 t)S YLAkS 1 30 10 3S YEARS e 1 124 5 YEARS YEARS YEARS ANU OVER 1 35 TO (J4 YEAR$ 4 o 237 ********* ********* ********* ********* I a5 ILI 54 Y f A R S 5 4j 3 2sh I V I A L '283 901 27U5 615 1 S5 10 59 YEARS 3411 t8h INhI TE 281 972 2694 619 11 60 ANU 61 YEARS 15f) (I HLALK I t,2 I (o 64 YEARS Ib '7 95 AMEkILAw INDIAN. ESKIMO Atilt ALEIJ7 1 65 10 74 YFANS 313s 197 ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANOEk (4) 1 75 TO b4 YEARS 1069 116 1 A5 YtAkb ANU UvEli /1 94 ------------------------------------------ - 12. vEwbur4S 15 YtAkb Aiiij llkifti I bY SEX by ;AARIIAL. Sfo,T(J.4 UNVER 5 It) 17 18 If# hAl 65 YEAJI@i I 5 YEAR$ YEARS YEAHS AWO NVEH i 1,111-F Ftf-'ALE til 70TAL 3 I sit-GLF. S11 4uj :'AH1 TE I t-AlihjEV, EX SEPA14100) 1111@1 1042 13L ALK 1 71 295 sit 1()6 NOIESt A. NumbERS IN PAF-'ErjIHE.5I$ AR@ FOOINIIIE i4omotRs. SEE t0tlhlf)[@. Pj.(4t-. 0. BLANK CELLS INOICATF I-IT#-IEH IHAI FH@, @Jtv`tjfi? I.'.) "o" 1.)k frik VAIA Aof:@ 1980 CEwSUS tIF POPULATION -; CMANACFERISJICS OF 111JUSEHOLLIS AND FAI,-ILIES LAi-RFWCE PAKK C) GE1114PAPIIY: STATE: 42 SNiSs% :236U cOupil Y : ouy f-Ic 1) 3105 PLACEI 5100 TRACT: 0114 ULUCK I LOI UA: CO: 1, TOIAL PERSONS 4584 1 2. IUIAL FAMILIES 1237 1 30 TOTAL HOU8fHULbS (1) 1 8 -------------------------- m............................................................ I.......................................... 4. PERSUNb 15 VEAkS AND 114F-k hY SEX MY f6iAkIIAL bIAfOS 1 5, PERSONS BY AGE bY IlUUSEMULU TYPE. MALF FEMALE 1 65 YEARS TOTAL AND OVER 4*; *******4*U; 5 1 NUL E *******3 NUvy 14ARRIEO, EXCEPT SEPARAIti) 1091 1092 1 FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS1 SEPAHATEU 17 32 1 HOUSEHOLDER 1231 197 I% I Put-1 11 71 295 1 SPOUSE I oo I Ila 0 1 vfjtCE u so 106 1 OTHER RELATIVES (5) 174W 0 40 1 NONRLLATIVE (6) 24 2 -k I NUNFAMILY MOUSEHOLUSS ANU hOUSEffoLf) TYPE (7) 1 TYPE ANU RELATIONSHIP I NALE MOUSEHOLOLK 136 313 1 FEMALE HOUSEIMULDEW 215 127 1 Pfk3ON% 1 1114 muUSEHOLD8 fif.IrvRELATIVE (6) 47 5 MALE. HU08FtILILDEN III I HOUSEHULDER OR SPOUSE I Ify GkOUP (JUAkfERS: FFIAALE fIU05LHIILDLk 203 1 Uv4i4 Ctill-0 OF HOUSEHOLDERI (8) 1 114MATE. OF INSTITUTION 100 92 2 OH @--OWF- Pkk3ONS: I IN PARRIEU-COUPLE FAOILY 1037 1 UJHE.R MAkRIEU-C11UPLE FAMILY 1uhl I IN OTHER FAMILY (MALE OR FEMALE I................................ --------- 0ImEW FAMILY: I HOUSEHOLUEW, NO SPOUSE PRESEW) 155 1 8. RELATED CmILDREN IIY AGE (8) @IALL HUUSEWILUER, 14U alf-F Ito I OTOER RELATIVES (5) 63 1 FEMALE HOUSEHOLUEN, 1,40 HUSHANU 157 1 NU14RELAIIVES (6) 9 1 ONDER 5 YEARS 2M0 NOfjF4mlLY H(JUSEHOLUI I IN GROUP QUANTEkSg 1 5 TO 17 YEAkS 975 PwALt 11OUSEHOLUE-14 25 1 INMAIE OF INSTITUTION I.............. ft -------------- - ......... C) @LNALL 11OU5EhULUEk 12 1 (1 rMEk 1 11. HOUSEHOLDS V-ITH 014 ON MmRE I ------------------------------------------ I--------------------- m ---------------------- I NOWNELATIVE5 PRESENT 55 NJ 9. MOUSE1101.0S i9j7h ONE (114 ALINt PkRSUNS 1 10. HOUSEHOLDS V-ITH ONE OR muRE PERSOr4S I------------------------------------------ UoUE0 Ih YEARS IiY HOUSLIWI-0 IYPE 1 60 AND 65 YEARS AAD OVER HY PERSONS 1 12. OCCUPIED H0UJJi,4G 101118 BY TENuHt I IN HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSEHOLD TYPE I HY RACE OF HIJUSLHOLDtk NAI@I,IIEV-CUUPLE FAmILY 522 1 60 YLAWS 65 YEARS I (IThEN FAMILY: ANU UVER AND OVER I TLIT AL OCCUPIED MPL@, HUUbEkIa;L1lFk, NO vIFF ********* ********* I ********* ********* fEHALE i1UV,%LHf'L0tk, NO ftIj3tAAb ql I I Ptkbuftl It$8 160 1 NMI TE 1584 256 NONFANILY mOUSEHIJI-0 Z 1 2 OR NIURE PERSUiISI I bLACK Ali ---- - ----- ---------- FAMILY WIUSEHOLU 385 24? 1 AME@ILAN INUIAN, 3. 8 '7;H N NUNFAMILY HOUSEHOLD 6 1 tSklPfU AIYD ALEUT I OR767 HIIU 017; H IEWURL klY RACE OF HUIJS@1-1111-004 I............................................ I ASIAN AND PACIFIC WEMTER 1 14. oCCUPTED HUUS114G UNITS BY TENUHF MY I ISLANIiER (4) 2 Itt. uCCuPIEU I PEkSOI\IS 114 Will (7) 1 oftLR (3) 1 *******,k* ********* I RENTER I------------------------------------------ TOTAL 4 1 TOTAL OCCUPIED 1 15, PtRSONS IN M1JU4I`t4OI-Ij MY JEWURE (10) t%Hj IE 4 1 ********* ********* I HLACK I IetpsuN 314 61 1 TUTAL aqaa ------------ 1 2PENSONS 519 56 1 RENTEk OCCUPIED 667 Ijm@. ilk 1 3PEN SOWS 270 51) 1........ w --------------------------------- PUIIE PLkSuNS 155 YEAI?% lAi.-I; 1,10-k( L)Y 1 4FlEksWIS 250 45 1 18. OCCUPIED HOUSJNI; U14ITS bY TEs1IUmE bY TEAU14L bY A6E OF M0I)SLj1ULt+m 1 5ptpsoijs 143 17 1 PERSONS PLH RUOP. PEI,jEk 1 6OW 1114E Vk It SONS 92 8 1 REPITER Wl AL I-ICCUPiLu 1 o*0160%: PERSO143 114 U,.\IIT e.42 i@,/A I TOTAL OCCUPIED I-------------------------------------------- I 1 17. i-.tAW fIO'4tJFk OF PI:1481.048 PEK Ot;CUPlLu 1 1.00 ON LESS 1569 256 -UI,'UF,R 65 YF.AkS 14 1 HIJUS11,11, Ur-IT (7) 2.82 1 1.01 To 1.50 19 3 65 YEARS A,.tl OVER -joi'2 rl I I 1 1.51 tip PuNk N(IlEss A. -4lJIhFkS J.y Pu@E.,.ImtSt:S Ato- FinW,OJE Sr.F. F0oji,,uIF 1,Ai;F.. It. bt.Al@;K CELLS I-'--,1jJLIlJIi-@J[@:Fii ItIAT thli o%-u-,hEk IS "a)" 1)w ]HE DATA AkE 3UPPkESSED. 10 19dO CE14SIJS (IF POPIJLm1If1N AND HOUSING - CHARACTE141STICS OF HWISING UNITS LAofiEuCE PARK GEOURAPHYt STATE: M2 SVSAI @360 CUUNFYI 049 MCD 1 105 PLACEs 5700 TRACT: 0114 MLOCK 1 1) IJAI Cut 1. TOTAL PERSONS 41SA4 1 2. HUUSING UNITS (INCLUOIN6 SEASONAL' 1 3. YEAR WUUNIJ HUOSING UNITS HY .......................................... I AND 1,4I(;kAroRy UNITS) dy ukHAw I UCCUPANCY STATUS (1) 4. YEAk-ROUijD HOUSING UNI(S dY ROOMS I ANU RURAL (2) 1 TUIAL 162S I ROOM 9 1 r(j rAL Ihz7 I OCCUPIED 1588 2 ROOMS 5 1 11481DE URMAN AREAS 1627 1 VACANT 37 3 RUIJMS 33 1 RURAL 1. ................. ft ---------------------- C) 4 RUIpA3 158 1 .................................... 1 6. At;I;RFGATE NU1103ER OF ROOMS IN YL414- 5 RUOAS 320 1 S. YEAH-WOUND HOUSING UNITS BY UNITS I NUUND HOUSIN6 UNITS BY Tki!URE ANL) 6 OR mf)HE ROOMS 1100 1 AT ADORLSS I VACA14CY STATUS (10) MEDIAN RLIUMS S.6 1 1 1470 1 TOTAL 9904 1 9 #3 0 1 RENTER OCCUPIED J397 11 2101(cow FAME 2 1 VACANT FOR SALL UioL Y 814 T@tAL IS86 I MOBILE HOVE OR THAILL14 73 1 VACANT FOR RENT 66 RENTER LICCUPIED 299 1 1 OTHER VACANT (9) 41 -- - ---------- I-------------------------------------------- I------------------------------------------ HUU;;i..; 1 9. SPECIFIED 0oiNER-OCCUPIEU 1 10, SPECIFIED HE141fk-LJCCUPIEv HUOSING UNITS BY VACANCY 3TA7US I NUNCONUUMINIUM HOUSING I UP!IT8 BY CONTHACT RENT (12) FOR SALE UNLY 14 1 UNITS BY VALUE (11) 1 WITH CASH HENrt FOR RLNI 14 1 LESS 7HAN S10vo00 8 1 LESS THAN $50 2 HELD FOR OCCASIONAL USE 2 1 SIU,o00 TU $14.999 14 1 $50 To 199 13 OTHER VACANT (9) 7 1 $15,000 1 (J $19,999 U7 1 stoo To stig Is 1 %20,000 TO $24,999 102 1 3,120 TO 1139 23 7 7 ;N' : x- @: t-, D_ r-i _N i-, 0-i ; (-47 _u t'l,"i I-) ; 7 1-4 u- N- -1 _T 's 1 $25,000 10 $29,999 167 1 1140 TO 1149 8 tiY TENURE AND VACANCY SJAIUS I SA0,000 TO %3'1,999 171 1 1150 TO $159 29 cl TOTAL 1 $35,000 70 $39,999 99 1 $160 TO 1169 16 C I RkfjJFR OCCUPIED 1 $46,000 in *49,999 IYS I SJ70 10 $199 14 1 VACAIIJ FOR SALE ONLY 1 150,000 TO $79,999 31h 1 $200 10 $249 37 OTHER VACANT (9) 1 ih0,000 Tfl $99,999 32 1 $250 TO $294 7 4 9 16 1 $300 TO $399 3 $8 11 So tot I) Ou .0 T7 0 * 119 99 * 99 99 9 2 1 1400 10 1499 1 FLIR-SALE ONLY HOUSING IINIIS HY (jCCU- 1 $200,00() (IR MoRE 1 $500 ItR MORE 2 PANLY STATUS BY CONDOMINIUM STATUS(II)i ME01AN VALUE 1 313900 1 mEDIAW CUNINACI NE,4T 17S UANER VACANT FOR I I til) CASH RENT I'S OCCOP I @ 1) SALL UN0 I----------------------- v ------------------- ft --------------------------- ------- 7-: 1 13. YEAR-PLIONO HOUSING UNIIS BY ]EIjUkE Aill) OCCUPANCY TOT i, RLN E NnNCIINDUMINIUM: I SIA10S BY PLUMBING FACILITIES TIAAL ficcupIF0 nCCt.ipIEp IU74L )111 13 J IVLA14 VALVE $ 43313 3259b I COmPLLIF PLUOHING FOR EXCLUSIVE USE 1617 Isfp 254 CUNUOHINIU(Ils I LA(;KIK-G ComPLETE PLUMBING FOR EXCLUSIVE USE 8 5 rufAL ------------------------------------------ ft ------ ft --------------------- ......... f1fAN VALUE 1 15. OCCUPIP(I HUOSING UNITS PPITH 1.01 Olt 1 16. PERS014S 114 (JC(;IJPIEfl HOUSI-off; ONITS ------------------------------------------ I ri-LINE PLRSIINS PER Uf*I1 BY TLNURE. I LACKIN6 CW;PLFfk PLUmhIN1'.,'FACILI7IES 14. SPECIFIED HE.14TEH-OCCUP(Lij PAYIN(i I PERSONS, AND PLUMBING FACILITIES(13) I Ftik EXCLUSIVE I)SE (13) 12 CASH RENT ANU VACANT-POR-oErif HLIUS- I RFNfLR I--------------------------------- ---------- C@ ING UNITS BY UCCUPANCY STAIUS I IOTAL UCCUPILD 1 17. VACANT UN17S PEI;11@k VALANI I ********* ********* I (IC(A)PIE@1i F(lk VE,11 I w,fTs LACKIN(i C(it"ILLIE Y@AV-140111`10 WHICh AkE BOAR061i UP I PLUM01fif; FtIR L)(CLU- I FOP ktmT, Atil0i HAVE bft;J vAC4oT TUTAL 237 14 1 SIVE USE I f!.)H 2 OR MORE I-16,It-IIHS 7 MEAN C014TRAcr RENT 173 151 1 vEkstje@s I"', ONITS 1414 23 1 FOR SALF ONLY WHICH HAVE bEE@ ------------------------------------------ I 14111ki CONPLVTF l"LU,VAING 1411 i,/A I VACAI!;1 POR 6 OR MORe 1'014143 C I J_AC6jjq(; C(IAIPLETE I I PL ki '-H i III; W A I NLIJESI A. NUMbERS IN Pfkf'F;%1JHESl:S A14 F001-11F J1_jf,-FRS. SEI- @0011401f P14GL. ti. bLAWK CFLLS 1@'JJICATF lt,Al 1-It Nilt,14LP IS "0" 01@ Itik PAIA A;4_ C.) r) 0 0 (p 'in io @p ( .0 60 Go .40 to fo r, T (a Go IA W WGP n6m W to 60 wo ro f(A r- I- m m kfl 4A w ru f" lu r" r" -A Ln 2: w ftj w fu -4 tn u m 3w 3D. 0 0 LA 0 ru C. 0 LAM - 'm Ln 0 -4 - - - -4 %.R rw o @j - . - x 0 COO, . . . . . . . . . . . C3, %A Z@ Q C) o 0 %A 0 Ln 0 Ln CD LP = 0 C@ 0 a CD 0 CD 0 0, 0 <21 0 40 CD 0 CD m z CD @b CD@ @m CD CD, 0 CD .0 Cb C3, C@ 0 CD, -0 0 C@ = C) cl C, CD C, C, C) c 10 C. C, CD 0 -4 z W)z 0 'o = 0 4" x C, CD 42 C. 0 CD C). Co @o -0 C, CD x n m n -4 -4 @ -4 -4 -4 -4 @ -4 lp 10 m 0 -4-4-4 -4 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 z z m rq 40 41 3p. 3@ w to .0 0 -4 0. %n M@ w W:. 0 4* 0 to -4 A- W W W 'a W W 101, 10 @o i a @o 4D @o Z@ ru 40 0,4 .0,0,0 -4,0 .0 4 C, 'o 'o 'a 0 a a 10 10 10 -4 1* !D lCr a 410 4D -4 -4 a .0 10 .0 .4 .0 a 4D "a .0 4) Q @4 co .0-0-0.0 .0 10 10 a .0 .0 10 a .0 .0 10 v @v -4 Z ND m rl 40 we CD ut 11, ru rw -C m 0 CD mo In .. ru 10 vu QD w 0 Ir w fu 0 @o -4 fu @m N w 0 w la m Lpi 0' '16 W D -412- J-- N M W C3, C W -4 N 0 0 CA z CA 40 fo z 4040 30. qo 3 fu ru 0. cc r.; o LA -I M. %A cD ru ru (it w -4 N N a, N N m r- kn al w 0 4:@ Vo -4 4 lv@ C@ %A aw a- C, Q@ w sk 0@ w @ft m 40 fu Im 41- - cp@ CD n fu 0 Ud (13 IA 4A -4 ce co -4 V C40 m 0 a a f- X fa 11 0 0 0: t a r- V r1cozz'" zz 11 ka m IA w ru ru @;;:Jf m & m *A . IV AV @ #A r" Ud Cl Q r- cl m -4 30 m 0 2. . 0 %A w 0 go 31 1A 0. V M w x z 9) z - CA z 40 C, Z,?. efe- 'Al 10 m rrv = 4* i$ 0 C, 0 a C. C@Co x 1" .0 p 4m 4@ 0 cbo 0 Iel r- rm r, 3. 10 CD 40 C@ C2, C@ -0 0 -4 0 )w 0 10 .0 @o 10 4* -0 C) -4 x r" CA ce 0 V 0 a) 0 C@ 0 10 CD 0 = c x C. @o @* C@ @* 0 x 3 3C -4 m MIL-cez m mmco ca -4 -4 30- co ;@ -4-43M. n 18 z m CA m -4:4 f- zm 0 -4 -4 -.4 -6 -4 z f" 0 .4 -4 -4 -4 -4 z V z 0 in 31. -" rn co Go Cl) x X MOCCOO - z to @ 4= r, cr 8 z r" lp 00 0 M 61 " " m (a z r" -4 r f- IF m W (a -4 Ul r an 40 em . Ln co At z -C z J@: 'a Jb .0 At Co M 3E m 10 &@ Mr .0 10 a 9: CD@ IP ; z -C n 0 r- M, C, 0, z n Omo -cm a 'o ID 'o 10 '00 0 " -.4 M -4 6 10 110 6 '00 '00 a= - -M m XZ-< a a .0 @& CD x .0 a @o 10 10 m 0 X 10,010,010 421,010 .0 a c m n z 0 mm M m = x -4 m -4 0 Cb -4 -4 04 z w fu 2 10 CD 10 No to lp z to x m C@ -4 1010 r- - %A LA 49: .4 Lo LA @o CD 'D LA to Pi 0 %AD 0 a. 0. -4 m -.6 z fu a. --A %A W ru W -4 %A m I- z 0 b. X -4 Go 40 Go wo w " 40 mm A. m fu ft; m m N tv J-- 10 C> - IV w - z 0@ co CD a Pi lu 3* z M 0-4 co z -4 Pi Z m MWO 00 -4 0 0. z -- z -4 z -1 0 us -4 M 3W x =ON f" 21. m M f- 0 m .a V = 0 Co 7. m m I* z f" m xxm xm -4 V" I a nz -4 3 'm m 0 r" x x 0-4 W 10 0 0 n C 6.4 w co m m m x " x ;; - om -4 -4 on F" m 0 r* n c f" z V. Co m 54 CA x z 0 co Go m Go 40 m m -4 30 f" 0 z im. Ln 31. co z m -6 m @@ cc r- -C " 2@ -4 -4 " -40 ob rn z ce z x IP co 30 n z .c ::.co X -4 x z zm lp mm z "n co 3m. CA 10 m T" -4 0@ 9@ 49: r- Z M 3W z -C :; fie 40 40 -4 Go 40 m wo es"a Go Go 3. 3@ -C -q r- z rv lu "a M;@ X Z 4 V. 0 4D C, -4-4 -4 C. m n z ri W N -4 M & c IM %.n IA a co )p u 42, 2: 3 w -4 C2. %A m ,or. 0 f) 1-) 1) 0 I'D ID .--d Lj -4 7z-c ZZ-c Z Z M -4 @ 2 2 -4 C f- -4 - Z Z 0 -4 @ 7 Z -4 0 r- 0 ca In x_ccmx 0==xMx 1=1=XT= ccmm- I" -;: m ;D =-mmm=cMM M O--mM MOMMm, r" 'r Im rr 3@ r- M r c xx a xxx xc xz z c mm x x -4 rr, -4 Ln @m W 0 m r- -4 m -4 M 3@ M -4 TI m -4 - In 3@ M. c P" c mM -4&cpf" -4c,&rmc -4ip.&rm -4(PC'r-M I- W v M -c I" (a r- M T. m W T m @ '0 D. 3 im, @ m zmzw -ccm@ -c ]@@-c mm@ -4@w Mm -ZWW mz =x z m M r, M W C', C, n ;vv MOD. 3@ PID-0 0 W -c C, W cc to 0 w cc W M m m m = r- -4 T I" m x T *0 - c x x -c = - -1 M 0 0 0 0 Mo 0 01 n 0 v mco CA co CA co co m 0 clj a z T 3w - M C C J@ - M ID, x 0 c IV x Ic m 10 = -c v -4 M (A z z z r* x z z 2 r- m z 0 Coom oc@@Mm Colb-m C C > -4. 0 U @ - f- V V - v -c 0 cl Z Z Z X M Z Z a r-,Z. C, Z Z Z f- W C, 2 Z x 1@ C, 46 m -c -c -c v -c I" z . T f- r- f- V@ OW" -4 rn M 3. X M - .< < -c - m -c r- M f- z f- 0-4 1- f- -4 M C r- 0, m m M - 1- -4- M m -c 0 0 T- 0 z r* 0 z f- W z I- z M CA m m M m - M X m -4- M = -4- M X -4 a-- V CA Oc r" -c a M. a <m -c M -c fu W. -4 M z M cc z Mz M W W V m -MM mcm z el m x m -4 r- ca 0 fTl -c cc 3W M M Im. V zi- m f" CA m -4 V z a) -1 0@ cl ;c Ift 0 ru Ul &A W m -c M m VA r_- OD c@ 0 W A-, a %A 4p. -4 0@ J-' a (0 40 a z m el co a ce z z W lw 3@ cc 7- -4 CP' -c T f- 7 0 tA Ln %A ift 0- - V Z 0. - V Z (P - Z M 2- " -4 M M z MZCI-4]w m a c c3l 0 - Z C - X M r- cc 0 M MO -c -4 m T -c -4 T Z. M 7 cc @ m -c m m lw -w z mommmcmmmom 0 -c lo 4@ z c x D. 1* -4 m z U. 3W x 2. -1 c M- c T 7 7 M ce fA .0' m Im a. -c _Z4 m 01 W W 'o @ r- fucaim mwr_m f- x I" W I- $A 0-4 f- n z -V -M z M ca Z m -4 so -< M 32. -c 1" 7 D. -4 0 0 z ;v (A o 3m. V z I* r" zm-cvzm MzMx r- 30 W - z ED - n - V. M m 0 v lw m M 0 V. M M, 0 Im. 0-4 -c M 3o. zoo o CA GI) mrlm WCz =M M -c 3. - 3Mb r- z x < Mo- ow now< OWC m z 0 z < "a CA CD V9 M z -c V. I" -c M, - -c Ic ce CP )w c n f" -c W 'm --to M ZZM mom M -4 z co &- M @ m 0 --4 W -4 4* m m 11, z 11, To -Z -c -c -.0 'a 3o m zom x a z t- -4 - -c -0 oo In 3@ co co -c z (A MV z a C M IV r, 3D- M " -4 m 0 M 3w -c -c M @ 3: F" z lw 'a r" f" - < Z 0.4 = r- M 0 CA -4 -4 -4 -c M C V I.- 3D. r- m 3* 4) C (0-4 -4 3M- M cr z -4 CA r" -c = a 0 1* n it -c rn 0 a -4 -c M 0 < r- CD co I M fu ru M m -c CD A- - N r" x -c Mx -0 $4 --c M I C, ru LA r- -4 M -4 (7-0 f- -4 M - m 0 *. - ru A-- M x -4 to M m CD %A - a 01-4 2 CD 10 & rj co lw 0 x a z M, z co m r, I* m -4 C W x cc 0 C 4D @W M MI -4 -c Cxz C'm 13 0 r" M m -I M m -c r, -c rm r- M ru ru MZO Mxc rA -.c M f9m CA IV ru r- -4 N, JU - r- -4 W LP Ln Go I f- M W DID -c 0 CD -c ru vi 0@ 47, VA m z m (P. cP, %A a mzmzmzmzmz OD X-4-M mar" %n 0 %A z cmMnMmMnmn m x -4 r- 0 m z r- 0 < m = 0 m 0 x C < 0 r M V, I- V 3- -4 -4 fin mxnmnTmTMx -CM M X --C -4 -< IM, M -4 1@ - X M MCC= "M M mmmmmmmmmm .0 r" M r" MMM-4mm zloom 3. z W M v -4 z z Z -4 -4 -4 M n 3. cp i@ r9n 0 v -4 c m m a- %A kn m - -c N -4 m -4 W -4 = -c W a M rA lwm motA @Q C40 w W J-- @D Ul Cc 0 rTl M M rl, m 0 3 co m cc n 31. M C 4D M 0 r- c. 0 -4 a -4 0 -4 r- r- - 3 Z x n -c x omxz Im. -c -c -c -4 30 z M mvlnrlq@rno &I " co r- x M @ M -C C W z Mm M 10 -4 W < M r" M rri c W - Z 3@ r, r, 0 X. I- D. M MM'MMVMVMM M m 0 0 " z x m cc m I" r- X C Z Z Z C Z 1- -4 0 c 0 W W c rrv z 0 to CA co -c x 0 n @c @- -c in - a M -c @ m 3D. M M ; M M -4 m cp. W CA In M 3* z Z z x m m tn M -c xr M > m 0Mz a -4 -4 01 -4 -q M -4 x Cc 3 M c x lp -< -c -c 3w C c C Iwo S. 1, z 3 X r, z r, 7 r, 0 M -c VM m q m 0 m z r" M M 0 M M 'a <- -4 0 )w X < ca r C D. M C M ru M<m M M. m -c m c -c f- Z: I- %A C -c M < M = f- X VA <Mo < M m N In m -c 3w --4 M 4- ru W - M m -c M x -4 -4 M -4 -c x 0 m fu 0 f- -4 M m -4 lu a, 10 - rl jh m & 4 -c m co z -4 c CA C -4 ca 3@ r, co -4 co 1* M -4 " M -4 > r c cc r_ z f- 0 m 3w -.4 r" < M "a W a) M -c M -4 c z CD c M r, <Mr a co Ul & ru 0 - M X 3 W %A a N a W a z LO - QD r -4 1 0 -4 ca 1-1 47, ib -c z WA IC. - @Dl ID Q 10 0 0 0 0 (D 0 9-D r- Z r- X z z r- x z 0 0 cn ]*I. 1* 0 M 3- v-!! 0 n 1- 3. m 0 n lw 1@ v. 0 n lo. v. n V. w. -4 C M I-.- M M z -4 c M " m w lo -4 c M o- M 0 M @ C M " M M n --4 C M @ m M " m M 3* zm<xc" Zx<xOr- MD - r" m ca MID@MM".@mm"mmn@mmpmz-"Mm@M=-"MM MX- zxr-rlo xzxrlr-o zxrr-c7 30-ZZI- 0 ZZI-r-O zmrl;:o w m r" n, cc" ITI Vo- "Z -CC- 'TIZ Vc- -M VC" 'vo" cc om rrl-<]xl"3Orr,.CX-MOvrr-cloMc f-f-.cv.,MD r-r-cipmo r r- -< iw m lw 0 0 3oOMzczm.v-OrnzOm 3.oMZCM"jwCM20M lpomzcm 3-OMZCM nz MV M-czp MM-M-co MM'am-cu MMzM-cv mn W-40 Mn W-<= =CID M fA A. D. o M r- n M 0 0 M r- M r" 30- C f" r, rl M 0 a r" f- cl) m om r- n m om r- n r" 0 'a = :10 0 3. M- " M 0 W m - MM 0 Is. m- " m 0 lo, m - ;ID 0 1- M - m 0 lo M M 3D- - M x coz CD C40 z OD Co - to co 3w CD ca cp co OD (A C) z C@ r, a 0 0 0 z 0 0 M 0 M V 30P M m z m . m m 0 :0 -c z w m 31. m M m M m m m ce ca M (a M C) Z n 'Tl 0 to cl -M n q -4 'D )w -4 i M M M 0 - f" x M 0 M 0 31- W M lo- ca m co M m m m -4 z ce -4 n z n r- x n 0 cll C " r" m 30- fwl 3w r" M M ca co lw r, z z co 0 "a M r- co ru f... sp 3c -mo z J@-- 3w " C ru @D C3, V- 0 M ca Z ul fu " M x z ca w 3W -4 M 0 -c - cc ru ca M M Lld x -4 1w lb = m 0 A r" M IA L" a M z cl ca c co z 3DP -4 vo '"MM n-4 0 31. V to x -4 x V m lp CA V ID M D. cc -4 ?"'V I" jw PJ 0 rn 1" 0 Z V CD r" Z 2 m 3W M 3W M M M M M M M 0 10 M n V X Z M f- M 7 c X. M M a w " 3w V. 3o r- 3 z m 2 c 0 0 " z 3@ M m n 3 m a @ @c x r, n x 0 M 3@ -rmnr-@-M MM -M '0 z Mlxw-4-wmzM Mr-w"zvwcM-mMc < x r- [email protected] z -M 3pn z 0 Z"M c M al x c r" -4 @Xnw .M3@wmm "a MMZO"QMM-4M" "nw-4m "a I- x X.M"C" M-Inf-cacb. -r WOMMO. M-4m-ca n lwfA@" 1- 31. V V x 0 0 m 0 CO (a 0 m -4 MM-41*-4 WC-IMC ZO cam ca Z '". @ -4 31- f- " -C 3W @O X -4 M t- cz M T OZM- ZM )PIP-3W M-400rW"WM o -< . 0 -c X m ". OMI- Cs P4 Z 0 I'm m - w M I- m [email protected]@-40M-O- M c fTl -amr"Mo D. 3N. Z - r" CY 0 z -c xQ z M M r- r--4zQMwM= 0"0 ZZX- ca a M-qMl"mMx c -4 z co ]w lw 3o C7 z ce 3 "Mca @ -4 a 3. ZOVOO " M -4 0 - m P. a w 0 w 0 " Go lo, #- 0 z -C M co < co 'an 3@ 0 M m m V 2 Co 0 20 M C 0 3@ 0 0 --4 M M M -C . I- x 0 M jw i- Z co -0 - - M M ZZMM ]w M 0 " M -C M z -4 x c m v M x f" )w M ca M C5, z < -4 0 xncmw 0 -4 v z 0 z M m C"n-<-4@cc z (a IV M Ln v Io. a M 3. M z ta I- lw n co 0 ca - (A x 3. M 0 -4. " I- (a O.M"m W z ]w M -4 (A > mm"- M x -4 coo M 2 0 V. @ 3@ v in 0 c " cc 0 0 = o. Z r- 0 MMZX M 3D Z zo..40zmm 'a m 3. @ -4 1" z "a clo, W -n 0 M f- < 3 m -C W Ozoo v M 0 3o M M co r* a cc z I- cc Jw " M ca 3@ Mim. 0 r- M r 3w 0 W cc I- V c 7 -4n z M z 'a n lo cc ce M m X. " "d -4 w " -4 31- -4 0 M M-4 m a a r- -4 Co. M " Cl -4 -4 z -4 - " C. M z 3@ CP -4 Z 0 CA- < to r" f" M m C.0 -4 M @ -C -C 0 0-4 0 x 0 V. 0 m 3 IP w x 0 ca Mz -C M m rr, -4 C"b z Z " CD =," " z -4 . 1@ M M M 0 M 3-f- a -0 z M M Go m x r- lo v ca mr-r" - C) I- C 3b- 3W m 4D 3. > "0 0 W M f- )w C '0 -4 Z W co CD -4 m -43. 2 Ce 3P, 31- z 0 M - 3. V n 0- LID Z 10 0 -C 9) M M x< 00 z MM I"n z in M-"= x a) -4 M" 0 -4 ca M co f- z z r" M c (A " 3- M CZ -4 MOOMM c M a 3w f- 3@ r -4 3. M IM co "C cc f- 'V r- n x M -4 m M- jw r" M 'a -4 M -4 a LA W -4-0 A@' 4D %A 40 4 w co n " x m 0 m co IV -4 OL W 4v CP - N N 43@ m ol m z r r" N. ca 3w CO cp "a CA 0 0 f" m x a ca r ca," v m C" 7 Z z f" 0 -4 M m & M Z -4 0 z V f- M ID. 0 z m x -4 x C X 31- -R 3- -4 M ca ID C*A f- r- r Lw "" a) - I f- M m 3b CD I" M 2. C " lo. 0 . m r" cm ]w -4 -c zw7lzuDw ap 0 m 3 a) 4p r m CZ OZ - 7 lp 0 a M r- z rm rx -ZOC- r- -c -c 9) 7 f- 0 C) 3. M 0 WE I" x 0 M M c 1@ it- -c M 7 M M x - 0 Z CO m m < 0 CA M 0 m m rm = r -M- -c 0 x x m CID no f- x a, M r" z V. 0 '"M m"" M m V " xzzzxz In M a MO M M 1- 0 0--4-4ma M m z M z M 0 rn m m z v co Cl rl z z lp X X X X -4fA cc M Cv. M a M m T" M c 0 30. m z trzGO xxxxar 70 --c x x 0 3w M -4 M M IP. M r" x m m r z z m x -< lw M W M x m ru ru lu ru -n r" M W (P Ln @c 0@ - - CP -4 .4 ul %n 0 z m a. 0 S-- (3. FU 9: W z v 31- CA z 3D- z M -4 3. fn m -fu co CP- w .4 ul 0@ (A M C w fu & ib .4 S:l %A -4 Q@ m W 41- ul -4 N IL 0; C) 0 0 0 0 0 0 n 3W CO Z- 3W 00 X z " w 'V rA r, x 0 D. r-O zz -4 V 3.!@ 31 ce z 2.- n cz-x-4oz:co or-O z m MD M M M mm"a z x M r, V M CD M V M 10 x M f- " ozm 0 co = = nzm Z: z rrl 0 z Mf-X Xr, zr,3@-" -:c = = Mm 0.< x m m x 3. X. 0 m M n -00:; 'a C Cc M M 2 0 'a C Ce = ]o C C CC Z Z W c M zr--< zr,-<Moo- m T- f- 0 0 31 C6 0 r, 0 C) 0 &a 0 0 or"m ommr o Mr- z r, z m "a z m -< r- -) r- , M -4 x (A M rA @ 10 z A. W M. a- 3W M CA 31- A 0 M Z ca mm z c M 0 0100 z -0 z wo r, wo r-o oz; ::m c z w "m w xx .0 X0 ca 3,-.4 ce IN- r- = @ z !@ 3zw a :0 C w O"m z a z c x 0 mzx z -4 -4 0 r- M M z 0 "1 0 0 < 0 r- V A. 31- M M 39- ca mm CI go 0 M M m m z CA m m -4 0 0 r- r' 31, r- @ ca ca lw n cc n m n 3p . M z @c -.4 r" m 3@ M w CA -4 ]w 0 r- 's 0 M C, -4 r- 30 1* 0 c- w 0 M jw z M C, m = 6 co 31, "" 3. m --* M 013. V to 3w W V. M r- IP ru 0 tr"O W nz m M Z a M mmo " z mor, 00 V. 0 x n -0 00 r, -C -C ca 3, = ca r- M 3W -6 M -4 a m M 2. 4 -4 co a ce z to ce n m jw x W 0 m ra 0 ma r- M MM %n Ln 0 w x a r- z UIZ -40. -4 r- 0 ca M m co 0 M a 0 a -40 0 -4 z -4 0 -4 z co 0 m mm nx M zx & Cft r, 46n 0 " .4 r- a -4 0 @ m V 2 M r, M 0 S.- r, 0. mm 0 z x 0 0 M 0 r- x r-W mm M 0 c Ift V z MOMMO M n ca V -C -0 M om < a, ( m 0 a a ;F a 0 3. W z a V M mmoomocz MM M m r- r, c 7 3 wM m wn -4 T m 330 Mm 0-4 lw '0 3 0 ]M. V 3 w 0 ca x 3w 'a w mw- x w x IW V W CI CP, M M 3. w x -4 M mm m -C -4 0 m r- 0 0 ce a w co 0 to & X. 2 m -C n " z r" m M M M a M W z m -C 0 -4 x -C z m -4 -4 0 c z m W 3W a. r, -.4 x CA M M r, M " 0 co W V. M cc - 2 Co -4 m m- r" C. fu c ]WO- " - m z m -C M co ce o = m CD -C X - )* r, M ce B. w 0 m to (a co am 0 cl z -C a CD w CA -.4 n 0 0 0 3W C 0 M ca 0 1. no x -C - r- z n . M " M ce M x om x @ X. a CD z 10 lb 0 CD 0 3@ -4 cc m V 0 3* -4 m m 0 r- = onx z r, a 00 -< w ca Q r, -4 co = " m V. CO (A 0 mo M -4 M n &DO 0 n @-4 z -4 3W 0 00 0 x r- M z )@ X 'C r- x r- LW -C r, r- - 0-4 V CA mw ca V 0 ru ru M x M w lp 1- 0 0 3. M 0 M M 30- MW 10 z W 0 fA z -4 z -4 3. .V. 01-4 -4 3w c 0 M 3-0 0 ca M M m -4 CO M x c z M n 3W x -4 00 r, M n mm CA 0 ru & 41, W -C ru Ud M -4 IP m a r- 13, = 14 fu kw Q m V LA - Ln -4 Ap M -C M ca M M 30. V. x cc M m =MW M n xmx n 0 M T 0 M lp r- Omm r- Omm r- 0 m --4 r, r". lb. r* -C -4 r- -C -4 X 3 Z -< -4 r- -C -4 X X " -C -4 r- -< X I X -C -4 r-C -4 X 3 M -< f- X 3 r' WD M rporrmo, M Mor"mo MMMOMMO M-MCMMC M-MOMMO M M w z 30. lo- 0 1- w z 3@ ID. 0 1- ca z D. 0 Im. co z 30 0 2. co 7 w n -.4 Z M = w n -I z m w M = w n -4 m w M = w n -4 m w M = w m -4 W co V. a ca (a x ID. CO CO x 3@ ce ra x 3@ cc ca = 2. Mo -C = --Cc=@ -C -<cm < -C 0 m -C -C 0 = V. z M 0 M M c -C V 0 M M 0 -C z 0 M M a -C cm M 0 0 r" M 0 -C = 0 a W. r- I- 3W r' W 3W 10 r- co = - m z - - ca 0 ca (A 30, x w ca X W fA x ce ce C@ 0 Ln M n M MM M M rA M CO m It. x x z fA coo 2. 0 m r- 0 c z r- M to ru W@! WN *) a a Im a- %A fti L" - IY- @n W LA M (a C,9 co ;ro z Coco 0 r" IV "V XmccDc-4Mcvmmz a z co ca -4 W cc z r" m am lux a ms M20-01M.10. r" rn 0 @ m 3@ 0 -4 0 -1 Z; 2 r- 0 0 m T z r- n r- v r" m m rn m m m m m 2 r- w X Im. CD M m m"X2-X1pn"=M m r3Wr2-Mr-l@r'IPZ@"WW M-cm oz m mr, "o-ID-OX03. ZXCA :0 r-xr-;K r,2Kr-;K rA mm v::-cm5z3Xxwzm P.-Z x 3w w 11% r, 1@ = = 0 0 3 z X-Co a- U. z 0 z r" I' zrnmrn,,- -4z m w z 1@ W4, m z z Cl) z ozmzzczmz 2 r, -4 z z m -4-OZ-. it: rq W -40 00-40 ale '" -C M CA lp lo- :1 M -4 n -4 CIO r-Xr-C r-Mr-C x c It X m -.4 w 31P @ m - )@ 3. " m " X 3p W x X rl OD z (A co m -C -4 CO r'W 0 -4 CO r- CO M -9 z 0 C) wra 'u-4 =r-xm xrxz To m < Z 3W X m lp lp 31 31 r co m ozw a, z r-z ..rlz . Z" 'm ca 'A,. fA A m r) r-O r"lof-o m ca m M m -4 ;a m , @4 = 0 -4 m X co lp ca co -C ;It -4 mm mc fq m lb m t- " z mzz ip r- z -C %A z 0 z co 0 D. im V m .4 r, -4 0 fu - 31- 2-0 " -C 0 z m ift a = co x m zom - %A Co - xom co C") Z -4 0A -4 X X z m -4 M CD Co M CA 31- X -C 10, m -4 -.4 M - co m m co Z CD Z 30 -C " 0 0 a) m co c m L14 -C Cl - ru W om lp, 0 -4 lp ru rv ru 0. fu - -C 3w 10 C) )w omm a- %a a ru FW cy, w ru rp w @a La -4 m 2D m z m m rri Cy. 10 LW sk w (Yj a & ru 0. w fu 4:p, -4 v co z 0 ell Go co Im. z z -4 0 w z z CP cc m z V 0 M -C M oz@c 0 co z CP CD 0 w " 2. 0 w 0 to lp 0 -4 m m z LO - -1 -4 0 z -4 z 0 a v m 3M- m 0 cc 30.'" X mooo -4 r, 30@ @ = M 0 m -4 -4 M M X 0 c N co z z 4- 1- 3 m m rn = = m @ " r, COM Z r 0 0 m Ca 3 Z MLZ M )@ r" 0 0 0'"" 3 m r"m V - Z Z Z -C M -0 Co " = lw n " lw Z-- 'M z Z 'n - Jw -4 (A M M owczmmmm mX mm 9) r" b4 m 30- z = co z m 10 a )@ZCZW "Mo-mwl. W m -4-4-1-4m mnmo om z3w@- mm z 3p. x m = f- m "C'm mwzmrnzjD-X @ Ce X X X X Co rn 0 Z a @ 0 UD Z 2 -.4 co 30 z V- 10 r" OD 3010 m ZXCD3-(AX m Orcn- 00 mm-4zc-4w 00 CD W mo z Im. 0 z z lp coo r -4 r" co mmmz3pwwz-4m 3-Z m z 03-Z30-4z m mz 0 0 40 co z oz ooz z n " z amm )* X -4 X m M z ca MCD-4-4 -4x z (a w lw 04 -4 (A 02 X:o W", 0 Z IA' r" n Z-4 mrl-co 4m ZCPMIP CPI cc)-400 X z z r" -4 co 0 a F" L" - '" -4 (D -4 x -4 -4 z co z X In -C 0@ m -0 c co D. m m --c = -4 m = m -4 0 z r- M C (A 3@ - " (A co - C3. IP 3@ z r" -C -4 m f" X m m m x m z -C m 2 co .0 - Z 3m. 2 CLa a- m r- -1 -4 - r" mo z mm mmrn c co tn w m4m;-Q.o-,W3 -4 30. r" -C a. (a z -q 3w m 0 m a r" 2 " r" 9A CD 3@ ca L" :0 X fin -4 -4 0 moo V r, X " z rn I O'D Z - 30, -40 IM lace V. m m 0 0 m = 0 om m 030 'n - - -4 -4 -4 - (a r" Ic owcoom 0 r- a - 0 4) Ln - Ln 3. Lq 2. m -4 co C O'D C C 0 - -4 31- co co @o r" m 0 -4 10 z z 'a C -,Dc a w r7l C') " -.4 -4 fa -4 0 -4 V 'a Co - - "Q L - f" Z 3W ka -4 -4 z LA M r" W - - CO CO 0.4 - C2 0 z co 3C M "1 -4 In z m 0 -4 102. CD -.4 m -4 1@ cr CD V. :0 n :9 m ca Ln Go ru ru -4 -4 V. = -4 9t C. C2, N N 0 W -A 0. C- to 0 %R - m a CP ru Cb -4 -4 CD nj CP go op a op al O@ a. - a. -4 -Ic co rn CA co M cc m 2 3-1 ZE X CT z -C I- 0 -0 Z " @ a 0 C " 3@ CD 0 M -4 cr -4 v 0 -2 -1 x w = m M -C z -4 CD " - "M XCM-4 = m r, f- rri -4 < r" 9) f- r D c ocz c-qm r wz mcpwl@z- n m m -C m - M z w 3@ 3@ " -C 0 m -C - lw 3b- 0 7 30.10 m @ -4 )@ m co m z X V m z m z -3E 2 T -4 M -C mz -4 -C m 7 CN - X-- V@ M. m LA M z m -4 r- z (71 w m 0 m o r 30 m T- ca 2 m m cc ".Cmv. ca - Z = 0 o " z ]w @ m 1* -4 f- ce m 0 ED N -4 w I* z IP 0 CD M E " 3@z co C, z z - 3@ C") -4 3w -4 M -q," M M 0 0-4 CA co f- z co 0 a "Mm n" "C M 3W -C -4 m -4 r v om m ca -4 co m -03 co " ;@ ;: OD M ma )w I m m -4 -C - Ic. m 0 m - CC w 0 m m r- z lp -< z 2 n ob @ @4 2 m cc -C -1 - ca --4 30- 0 M t- 3M, 3w m o -4 0 c -a r 3 m -4 r, z Cl) z 3@ (A C -4 -4 r, m W 'M m V 7"- -C -C v -< ca c r- rn z CD m " M 0 - cc m 3. n CA X -4 co z 0 z z m -4. M W co lp Im. (a -C m Z co m ru r z m M, -.4 --4 (A 'm m ra & -C V. z z -4 m co 3. w 10 fu (q z A.2 ru N m CP. I* @o m: 9: ru 0@ f- Ud Mi z cc 03 -4 OD 0 ;D 0@ A-, ftJ Ud M 'D 0 0 0 6-0 x 0 SE n 2 x z z x c -4 V. a M v lw %A 000 0 z V ul Oz 7 M, ru Coc"o -4 M w -4 0 rM MM M V z m M M M W X:Ezx M co M x 7 A z ST r- x x Z 19 Ix M M co 0x vnomm M 0 V v 0 0 z rn iw mo cc M m fln 9) c 0 m 0 040 00 0 z C a M. M V M M Mv 0 M M "a a M M M M 30. M 0 -4 r, D. M z x cc- @xw V @ ;K x Ccmz 0 M 4 3@ z M r, x (A r" Mcz In m ZODOr- z r" za z M M= _4@ 0 Z r- lw 0. -0 M -4-4 60 M Owcfln z -M OMcz -M -4 -" n -C z M s.. x rD _c z z 0 &a M (a -4-4=M w w @a -4 .4 @ M :0 M ca 3 rA fa W V. 3@ 0 CA r" 0 M a - M ca @ cc z x r" COM v r- 0 -4 -4 -0 M X M -4 - 00 = - ZO" -4 3W Q- z 0 rl M lp _q A. V. x x m z M M J-_Q. 0 -c X CO )0 cl. D. z n 0@ -M-4 -4 -.*a. c - 0 -c x 30- M M:w @_m n -4 m - -C M m M cr M n -c Z;o 0 r- -< o- M_ .c 0. 0 M " M m w 3p m m r" a, V r- M 0 ca 0 n M -4 z V. M S. ca M- Ic 3w Z r- M ];., CIO -.4 w M M 3 ca M M -4 3. m < M ra a -.00 W m ce ca CA 3@ r, ca M fA z -4 M I" M z ca -4 0 M )w M z m -4 m lw r" D. 'M - lp -4 rA M -C X. z zM r, z m T_ z M Fq z co oo m z f- 0 M M M M rv 3w x 0 m 0 0 r." z M z c 0 C M m -C n n m Ic M m M V- M ca z M n-4 M m x ca m _c 0 lw M cc w _c _c C - X Go M ho co f" r, LW lp a- n C2, n x M cc z m f" M m M r" lu CPI am 10 lu 0. z M ru 00 kw rv 4: 02 0 Ow 0 w 0 N to -j co A: CP Ln -4 .4 M .0 @ft C3. X: Zk Ln -10 M 0 a co IW -4 z W>Vwv -4 ul Mm v(Axr=zo 0 0 zz z z z 2 mowockn= f" lw-mp"m-4 @ c " z a 0 V. -4 ca & M z Z 10. M 0 -.4 J.. J. Z 0 0 " M r 0 A@ w lu z 0 -4 -4-4 -4 -4 r_ ce z c "Z ;Kmzrl cmv @m -4 X lp 1-10 1 # M 1 r" < -4 2, M00000 c 3 CA - M r M mzzcxmw 10 M, 0 -0 -V -0 3. = 0 -4 x M x Q. z M Moz Do MM Mmmmv. z ]b. M -'z M M z M rn 0 m ca T-r--4mc 0 ca I ZzlZr -C M lb O'D 4. O'D & m:v 0 'V. M @00 2@0 xz." =0 xWWWO OMM -C = " 'Z m CP 0 z rA x 3@ M x z -C z w -9 T"O M z z 0000Z r, M Mmxxxxxx 30. M Z ca -1 @ n (0 ca x co 0309-M 0 C& MzZZM M co f- -4 Go Al m 0 M 0 322MZZ-1 co M nnn M X - z 40 -*a- 30-4m n a- 30. M. V. X -1 a. 3@ m m no m M w M M m r" M m z x z f- _c M'v 10 IV M."Wwwww C M 0.4 M m @a m n .4 M W m 0000 r- z M m m M 02. -4 r T_ V. -!& 3w M -4 Z -4 W. 0000 M 0 V. -4 CO V. c- C 0 0 z a M z r r r- M M 0 M X. fA Cb c _< w axw ca n " -4 7 M -4 M aE W c n z -4 m Z 3W 0 z 0 m -C lo. ca V. V. 0 3w 0 Z )w 0 m z z lw z -4 xMV " 0 c 0 IM co z D. M M M 10 lp x W-4 V. z m 10 M .4- M -.4 M M 3.0 M M w w m .4 M M lp x ru co .0 -4 0 -4 -4 V 0 z Ln m z -4 to -4 -40 D. -4 ca o n :M M m 0 V. M cc M Oze m x V M - Z 0 00 _c f%; ru 1w r- LA x am -4 ru r ru .0 z CA M .0 m -4 Fu 0 ru m W un 10 ru cv@ kw 0 V@ 0 w -4 0. vi ru tu Q ca M acc M 2 -.4 W OU M np & %A (A -IV D %R ca w z ZZ ru 'ace mr I a 40 M V. -4 IM .0 a -4 CD, CN. c V. - m A. " -1 0 3@ -4 lp M A _43.. M C-4-4-1 to a M"a Z - x M C- Wc -C -C 0 3@ coo coo I- M 2 m z M m M M T mmm m ru _c ru < M = 000 mv= M. 3@ M 0 M m m 0. al to 3@ L" - ce _c _< _c X f- W z z Z@c M ""c 0 x 10 10 fu 7 10 10 pu x 3F a 0 M m M voc 00 @n -0 m M n V cc a 0 x 0 m -.4 z 000 r- _< z M 00 r- " r, r- " M Is x Ix M mx :F x Iz M 10 CA o"X CA ". 10 z M M m M M x m m r" M. x Mm M m x - L" - _c fTl 0 A. 0 co co 0 0 xMMM M x m M r" M Ln Z - S.. M C V. x x x V w 7 x x 0 -4-4 -417, Z @ 'Z -C - 3w x CC (A fA (A ca CA z Z " 2. C) - c 0 cc _< O-C W 3W C _MM 2 M V. n M (0 -4 10 x s- T ft J@ z CA 0 o -4 M 0 T - M _c - X M z M 10(s)w M S. M 10 rA ca @ r- 0 CD 0 LO -C mmm -4 = f- T M r M 3@ m x -4 3@ 3. 3.0 a M a -<CZ wX(O z nz. xMz z x CA 0 M CA CD 0 r" v IM. C -c - m V. a c m _< - M r- a -4 _c -4 r- M S. M x CD x to CD x m M r- cc M 2* ru 4A w .00.u@p 0 M fTl CA M M M,M V M-4 M M ca X co x J. mx z :Dzm M _Z M M M CA 0 MOZ rr -TI ;K x x M M x M 'TI M. coo c x M M z M r - x x I - - %A -A -4,LA" M. M zmm ru 01 L" 2) 30 ri :D X 43 *1 j J d d -J OT-D z 7 Z- z Z- a) -4 0 fr w M 3- r, T x z @z OMMMMM-4 r" I- M Tr -4 2 T 01 7 9 r- 2 z x r_ a"" xmmmmm3. mv mz=mmrl -x I" m fr, 7-@Cmr- zmmcamx rr. m 40 CO CM 4tr. CA x < m 0 3W r x c Z M I'. G, M X = c z rn c rl r" m m r- r" r, z 0 a 0 = C C; = Ir rr, m Z x -C 7 m x c W 'a 1- 0 ]P. I. S. co xzzzzz_ cc cm 3@ -.1 "1 CA M -qX=X-4,q c- -4 -4 3 0 W ;a w -n , z C7 w -4 -4 ca -"o =to r- c "Z m M V m M. x - - z v fq 3 :0 D. 3. x o to = r- - x - T 3 V. ca r" -4 c 7 m r, "o m zz mc W- a CO= v xx x In x c r" m z ca x r, x -C ca x -C (A co -C C m z V 77 r- - -4 = 0 C - M x CO 3 r 0 F" r" a, m r Im .!t: MaNce z (A z v x X w 0) -C w x ; 'o co CA 0 , m m 'X N 0 to V 1@ (A V. CA C CD - -4 r m ID cy co z T c r- CA C W -K 3@ M = 'n T m co ru V. CA T z m C v fr. f- z CA 0 v ;a ca m r- M m z m CA W -4 m ru co = 4A c cr, 3@ m f- 0 m C fA z V I- ru -4 @o ru N N 0 w a, n co < ONN "W-40@ NW-401000 0 c w C@ .0 %RW- N%A=& WOWIC-4&W -4 C W Z -4 -C "n -4 V x m co sp w -4 C@ c T X 'r -s W x3f- "" -szx a %n M z M m. 11. 1- M 2 3W M- " x m w lp 2. m mIP IN. ID. x M x I- 31-@ x M"x 1- 1%. -4 z a C 3 r, z c x " r- 10, 11 3 - r, z = mr n CM . r, m -4 a x r, m 3p r, c T W )@ M - 0 0"" 1" 7 0 lp- M M M@ W ]w M x co).'"m m M 0 lb, M = I- CD 11 lb, V x w mr-r" @WCDr-f" (IDrIm @O=r-m -- mrm @"Mf-rn @- p -C 3. X -4 M OD r" lpr" XMX)PM TfMV-IPM xml.3pm mm lwm xm iwm xm 3 :9 C) - Z m ;v z V=O z "a 0 10 z leco @ = @ 0 oz = :0 OMMCA vxmc a T- lp r- - Z CO -0 o r" co m m rA m ca r" W r" CA .0 m ca 11 -C Cl) --c -C m as m 0 vcwmo m - m, r, a CA ;a (A r" x C ;a com Ix a -4 x o z < _q Cie r" M Z 0 V - f"m Z C min M M Z 0 V- r"m 2 0 V M M Z O'D m F"z C -0 -C )p c L" 02. - 2m 0 = -4f- r Z W X-4f- f- @?A 7 -4r- f- 1@ 0 X --4q-r- W X -4 1- f- CO X -4 rr V z a z r, mc om f"c a M fr, C 0 m z f" a 0 r" mo a r" mo om m V ca x " M z r- m -Zf- rm M r- M . Z f- r" z I- r" 2 r- rri r" 'D 0 M. -40 M" IP -4 0 m I" cl -4 a m In M -4 0 m V m 1% -4 V = I" - Ce X r, C c M - lo, z M - F. M 0 V. Co r" . lw M - 3w M - IN.. w MC J@ co co x x -C m T @ m x 7 = x m 70 . 1@ r- cl " -4 4 Z @ z - co . Z"@ -Z @ - Z Z -ZO M Z B. X 0 r, m z 0 t- r- z 0 r-r z0 r- = e r- z c r- -4 " Ca - 0 -4 0 z 0 o -C lp a -C 0 0 -C 0 -C CD -C a M -4 z cc rrr 0 m m V 2)-4 0 -42. m 4* 3W r, m 1 0 CA I cl co m x z m -4 co r" X 0-4 z z m 0 n J@ In m n mm CA -4 t, w St z z CA 0 fr, m m -4 m m r Cl) M im m IA mo cc x W Cy- w z w LPd a z IP V 3 W lp N. 0 z -4 r"CID-Z x3w -4 -V@4wm M,r-xc M-4-4"X"= 2P-'M- W - 0 M 3W @ -4 W = X -4 M -4 M Z Z f- 2. X M M -4 IP ommmDIX" r) -I co < " 2@ = " - 7 m r, cmz Z===Z m x -C a co = :9 m 32. 0 co I I a 0 0 "'D cr X V'J@ C 3@ n z m n -4 2 2 1 r- m In )w MZ- Z r" -" czel 0 3@ cl c x 0 2. c 3@ a M-"Ox = miwx mm r@ a I- x J@ =I- r- x w n c mz@ " 'a a Z ca Z " - oozm=m zcr 0 IWMO moc- mr- m -.v rn Z 30 0 co ud M CA z r- -0 x M 0 lp M f-m CA 0 m fvt Z a z m -C -4 CO 2 C.0 m f- m n co X X M z m c cm -mv 31, - " CO x ru 0 CD f- ud w z -C IV I. TT-D OT M," to -C C 0 m 0 fr c @Mcc 0 lo. m c ZP C ; 7 ;: 2 -4 x r, = X n M -4 0 Is X fr ]C, c m c CP -C 30. c 3@ C Im o 3@ CO x C f" rr r- M T m W @ M. 7 IV r, m v r x r Nmc rr c J. X z 11-1 fr V. IP n rr, 7 to o c cl, z cc z C Z r, -410 x x c w w m rl c c x @ a z x c C - C rri z z m z z C: z z un n r, ce c IP -C no lo. z x X rn c ca co c3 -C c C'm - co to r" c z z cc a, z 0 T cc 3C- fu c r" rr. 0 4VC o n rr, Z cc r CA c c z ru z CD 00 CA Im x co IP co z 2 ru c w z 0. Ul Ln a- N 0 10 4-1 m - W w ru ru a, ru N Q OD fu w -4 -.60, -4 -4 m z n cc c c c cc rr ? mv kl.N--" xurww--fmr MOWN- -.4 -4 c 31. = c lp o -4 m 0 lo- co M, r- c 2 z m " Z = 30 C Z X Z 31- fr, " M 2 o 0 f- c fr, c Q - V, f- C - rr. - f fr X r @ M, c - n 31- C S: c T N @ :c m "s -4 --1 fr. "-.4 mm -4-CM3 -4 n w co @c c cc c ca I c x: YP M. w c 0 It- c 0 s: o on a J:@ M. o cc" f- - nnnxx n n 0 x m fli m IV z 2 3. 2 xxnam x x a c m = x o M. 0 'm -4 0 fr r" c x fr, fr, IV x m fvl z r, n @ rm, 0 c m m - rn m a 0 az a ca m -C 31- Z - Z (A 2 x C Z@ c fr 0 m c - -4 en C o -4 1,, 0 Q 10, cc m cn x z z -1 z Cc @ o 31. o I. C 0 z W'm z -a 3Pb f- n r, C m f" f" r p W CA -4 z - -4 c z o z 2 M 0-4 o w C M r Im -K r- r- -4 Z .4 ca -C -C o -4 -C r -C x x -4 A o to I fu z rr. o = I LQ z z m c z c == z mm D. 2 -4 m m -C CA V 4n 3 M - m -4 -4 3. c m x x z c 0 - J-- 10 = W m n C: ru ru rv LP x: on N ru o a 3, kA MP N a, m 0@ C) ce - CO kw-ON%.. 41-4-%fQ?U to r- CM) m a 30- z z 0 rr 0 LA IV c; cc x z 30- m 2. lu f- fr 3:- r. ;K L.. Oa -4-4-4Z@. &LPIY -4-4@4'3"*W& LAO- -4-4 .4 o o ]D. z x f" @ - CA ZCC0=010m4c o Q 0 O'D r 4 = 0 0 r- (A " = z 0 C) c w rr, X 2 Z rp r, c fr = = x a 0 0 o M 3 m M m z zOccccccmccc=ccmmcc=ccc c z =I= W - x m M n c I o M n rr - - - - - x a M - - - - - X -4 n X > C o @0,0,0 Z 4 o M > -0,0 4 4 -4 0 cnc rv 2 Ic I LF. 0@ -4 -4 z -4 @ X S@ 0 & -4 -4 Z m c c jt@ r o 2 r Z I a F-IOZIO&MO M"c z c o M z X rr, o c C") Z - a M z c; "r > @l x - !@ Tc - M rr - Z a .0 -4 x cc CD r, c o c CA -.4 CA fr, -4 --4 = m C 3D. c c fr, LQ 10 a W Lq CP -4 a, ca ;c a- M m m o -C rr -- m ID. z .0-4 -.4 - CO ru N -4 ru w ru z m 0 w -4 0 - W CD Ul Q@ x m z A: w ev a w C. fu w -4 N 0 CD 0 N w -4 -4 C-10 0 4m -C m ZT-0 FU Z Ul P- to fu Z C 0 cc Lo pi 2. n 'V V, @c M = r- M C03M x 1- 3. a x rr cn 3 m It. m x :r -C r, @@ C, rr C.,z I c r"c M n C, 3. c . r m M S. fr X c x 2. m M z c M. CD c a M I T IM r, .4 _4 = M 10 1 m z 0 M co M rr M . - )@ 1 3'! i M @ T -4,3 --4 z = z z M Ul 0 m I- - C M ct n c 0 c r c -c x: cD v- c x X rl M z a. 3. < z - x cr c --4 - r- c @ r" r x x 10. C) Z M x -4 x c z 3@ 03 co to m c r C 10 - -4 z C fa -C z n CA cc Ca m 0 M 12 7 z -4 ZZ z -4--f rv 3. a a C ca M Cc -.4 rv w 0 3 -6 4@ % LW -4 ca ID a: w cr w 0 c & " c IM co rr -4 OD 0 rv a, ru N ru ru m z -C 3 cn M ca C; n a c M rA n -4 -4 z m -6 c ri z 2 M 1, 30 3@ c M. c -4 m ol > ru m -4 = 0 M fto LA X: K; lu z m o cc -4 w IV M r- M m - - ud - a, m z a, fu OD w a Fu a, fu a, 0 z x C 3@ c M. cc 0 z 3 z c x 0 ca m C co ce c Q z .4. z -4 a, tv -I Q ru U. m Ck _4 C fU m z m c M L. a, cc -4 - w N .0 z 2c ca 3 -4 m z M - z C, z it z M m CD c z 0 x M M M a z "flZM Momncp a cz C, r r- - r- @f- 0 @ 0 - c c I- C@ C, a V - C C -rr- " r- M - uq W c xmf"-- M03.mrn-.I- 2c=cccc=Mzm -C z :rmr-n-r- M C r, r, M -4 f- mzmxxzcmm-3:. M -r-- ac cz@f-@ r) c c x -4 r, - x c -110 z x x M r M, X rr, --4 M ZM -4 = n rr COMM" on Z. r, 3L 2 m rn U*l 03. 2rr, r- - = --C r, _ - 0 < c n Z"- C, n M 31. M M 3D, 3@ z c cl. IV n - ;K C I- n cc c l- n it- JD. m 2. c M z @ M = @ C.Q. "-40 'o c --I - --1 0 @ v n. -40 rM M m -4 " r- p a ; I "a ci 3p cn- @3.x. ca -4 3@ > Z - co t- 0 s- V. W m fr f- 3@ f- a r- x @ Z rA ;, m @ZCA o fr. M x x --c z co x m M. M M --4 rr x C a-, C 3@ CA cc z c m X c c x rn M 71 m 0 W cc cc a %. x -4 c n - -.4 -4 M - - 3b. -4 m z m z B. Z @p 11 Z -3141.7 Z c r. fu c z a 3. 2 e c 0-4 CA IV -4 fr C < M 'a - X. a M n M. - r- c x M r- m a x @ @ x x z C. C ca z 0 co c fr, m mr z m 0 V. V. - @6 WMIV % Mc 3@ x -c w M z -4 M co n cc 3@ V. M m M I- M al M. -4 M -4 z r- M -4 'X c z r -4 z P. -4 0 co n m - L4 3@ X co rr @a a, OD CA M cr CA rv rl Z z 7 z S. M M C ru a f- < M -4 C, x 0 rr M c f- c rr. M M M, CO T 3@ = rn --4 m M = n r- @ -< r$ fr. fr co 2. C r- z V. Ir m r- 0 C r, m M 0 -4 ca c x - o x v r m c cc c f- -4 C - > fr of M c ca I = m 't 10 m "C M fr r- fA r" x z z s w z < z c WX - 10 r cn 7 m lo. c Ln cm Z= f". rr ca M c c z r c -4 2 w r- c rr, C fr X -f- Z z c rr 27 z M-< = X 3 flr rr x rr M ;c t- 4r. 2 Irl cr c rM a M c 7 C CA w 'r rr CA c r_ c -" C X W 0 co 1:11 a ca M z z z 1@ M 1-2 0 r. - z co w X" -<O -XMC cc fr z c r- z c z > -4 0 c fr CP z z z c 0, n CO c M. -.4 cr -4 z CA -4 Z T fr 3. C., ca ru f- --c cr z c -C 1@ a- m C3 .4 - z ul x m rr. CA 3. z V. < IP tv -4 M ru M.1 0 & M M = M -4 m 43@ 01-S. a OD M ca alto r, 4 -4 a 'a '0 '0 M& [email protected] Ln c@ -4 x za C. CA In ca 3, -w=z-w fr M, c V -) T m M 'I 3@ 3@ -- m m rl C --4 C C -9 Z C -4 C m Z C rc nz --4zcccm zmcon 0 rr --4 wn m =,a zx xx -W M= VA m m P. x > f, rr > 3 J@ z 10 --q -< Q z c 1@ T m M z D. z z m m m z P. 9 z U. - = RI. 71 zw 40 4 M. -4 M M -I V. xc Z@c xc z x 0 = I *,.'I C A f- c a x m CA z M. XM- MM. m x M M I" z :@ x w r- rn X. 0 z M z Vr- CA Z ca X X"v m '0 "D m x V OD m V = r" - w M. C. w m lb. w r" 0 w " rA MM = IV 3@ C, CA CM a m 0 0 m V c z -C 1 -4 z to z w M "n z r- lw m rA 0 c ra a n -4 r- z A z = .c Z; (a z (A 'm w CA (a ca m I- -C m a (A -4 s -C m -4 V -< r" ca 00- wzz z Om c -4 c -4 2- 00 ca z z m > Zzm x T CA = .!@ 4 1 %on, r, m -4 z CA cm x -.4 z m 0 w =? A- --I m wm -4 z m m (a a 11 co c z -.0 ry cc m &a -:- C Z LA 6.1 40 40 I- to rr. OD -4 a- V IV ru W W cc -0 rn Z Z z m ru 9 m *I A@ J:: -.0 M 12., LOCO Z w C@ m 0 'Wi ru W Lfi LW co 0 z 0 x z 4 c ce r* D- M- MIS -4 W 2. D- X 2 -4 CO 3@ X. M M I- $ 'D (A x rl x 0 0@ 'D 40 3: r- X 0 %.fl IV ca :K r, x 3w M z ip Im. ]w -4 z 0 @ z -4 rp M. Z n -4 IW M v 3 3 = "a M Z - N r" @ T ="a M 0 0 z m ca I- n ro r, M. ca rl n el 0 ra r, m - Z CA z m r- n x X. IV. mmcm x D. 01 C evi C n -C - z z xx ma zz xr- mc zz ca 3 c t- oo Z. = m 3 " 2, =,a w m V 0 z -C m z V cmz@@ -C ;;; %a M 0 4 - .0 Z ca m 0 z m m 3. 0 m 10 0 A - x = W "n- 03. V os. r, 10. ; lp -4 ; D. m n I" x r, a Z r- it. M z m IN-. 0 z m m J. 0 V. ca w Ozzma - O;vcna _Inc n I- n r" J. 0 rvi M I* n - W -IP n- ;, - M Z 2@ z ca z M C, -4 r* - z ca 0-4 -C @; 4 z -C M = - Z z M z 0-4.) M-40 0 M r- 3 m r- x m r- x ru co @ 0 ;; c m V. 3. z z M;; c V n z m z Owzoz nz. lw (A z -0 3@ V. 0 3. = lp TV c - r" 0 3@ z 0@ 010. -4 rzy CA TZ ., -4 M r, 10 w -4 M r- m m rr, W 0 CO x m -'V f- C fA m m Wow x c IP 0 z a X. -4 m c X m CA m zz x z 2 --f x z cz Ce M- -- r"" om@ 3@ x -4 V &a x -4 COC X -4 x -4 n m m X'V n x x LW n x n = -4 10. r- a r, 04- - = = m 0 cm -an -C ca 0 0 rAc z CA 0 =7 3 = 7 x C@x c V 0 V M = mr- - m rl r- W ZZ m z r" -4 Im 4D 10 10 0 am z M fO w W 7 -4 as r r- 7 0 Mra"Wmlw@ z r, 2@ x m 3. m -4 0 00 P.. a- Z I-- X r- "-4"X @='v wz mo ou-momm = -4 -4 r, &0 m 0 3, ON- c n z = x C, 3. - = @ ; M MZ- 2 CA m -4 M c m M IW -4 m W X J, -n r- ca c m 3w a T m xv m -- z z z -4 m z Vv V. 0 z z Z"MTW m rr. z --'Z =- -4 - z mo_-z c X,.r ca z 0 In z z 10 rr n @, z -C Om -4 2 m r, r- 0 Z Z-:: Z - n c =-M= Omm 94) Tl@ CA 0 e P V-4 CR r '7T-D -A to fi* " fo V, " 40 .0 r- 2 i" ie &I lo w fo em ift 4w r, r, z @a 0 X: A:: Wkw M=;m- @O 3 3. xM ru 3@ m mz co co x r, n3@ 3@ " C, Q c cc X :9 n co z z z n -c ca v. v. CA m to 2 0 -4 - --4 --4 fr -r tR b" im -A Im to -A 2 x 3 z m z @A @* @ol It -A A -A cn n 4 fn N rv x L. mi tv z z -4 z .0 'O.-c 91 fr z fr 11 X z z 11, .c M. 'mx > 0 Co @4 fr-M n -_I M7X M A.Z - Cl. 1 -4 c M @ 0 m Xv x M Z" 0 m 2 m 0 rr fr z rj) 7 4A Z M fA @ rA 3@ r, clr C. ca I co m ca i@ on ru c cc = ca Z C fu Go 6. 4A (A 66 m z @! -4 'D Pvz; z @; @j @r r, @ rn c kr cD tr CA rr rr, cr. 1@ ID o 0 Q ch X M -4 -4 z 2'. x r" cr = fr, Z w@ 4. wl 4p C, rn ca NO ru & x: & m &I vi ru rT%4 Ln v ru W 0 Ul %.n o c A@ ru a j- c Q Q o Q 7. rr z x z Lw ftj ru r- z va ru IV r, CA b. t. w a V. o, Cl 0 0 "v ca r x ftj & & w OD o lu 'D -6 Cc M -4 2p -4 -4 a- IV mom m W m m C. 3@ fA - Xm &A T, Z. fr, Z W n m ru 2 m n IV x = z T fr It: 41- 3@ (A n 'V fr. s, Im. V m z zc cz z cz z -4 m M m fu m mm(v v m r- x m " @ 1. z &r mm 0 c m M r. IT In, mmm -40 m n n z v - m 2 x cA 3, 2 c - X 3 x CD m m It m - m r" -4 z - ;: x cc cf) z -4 n 0 x. v z z r" 0 c w x z z m I" z m < j, 3@ znm -4-4 X z 4r: C -4 fr. z F" z z -.4 m m n 3 z M n M z -4 z z 0 r" I" cm m T" z ce Lr M z 2m z = -c " X rr v z -c z -4 n CA 1- .01 z c- IV = 3. m n r- n , c 1@ lp r c D z x ca n 2 n n riom 2@ cA Z'V c c cl m m ell m .4 Z r" m 2 z 2 X M 0 ca z m M rr, " 7 11 V T coj C, r z I Im. V @ = M r" r') a M co x @ I& F W (A c z Go ca -0 X. M Lel CA ca n Lql (a a r- r- c* -4 -40 C@ -4 co r" fA :n M o W Z ca - -4 1@1 cc o = c x .7 v ca z m c z to CA ru 1w 3@ D lo 0 0 D. :& @ N 44 c 0@ z CA x z CI 3 m ca cD -4 z r -4 > z z ID z x z m z m kA Ln ca co rr. c 0 (A ID. CA w 'ca z x Do m M CA pj c c o -4 c -4o -c -< m, rr 0 07 '0 "c @O 0 ru 0 r, - fu a,- @c @ GI) C4 4D -4 x GF w tv @O 7 -4 10 a J-- C3 fr, - OD L.4 o co o 0 - -4 M. x -4 - z cc cl, G') r, C om -4 -c 4o, o z z T @; c> 2 3 c c, n wo 3w 0 Go '0 'D ca '0a Go W C m '0 'S ru 'a Im 4D -4 3 -47 ru ru z @O -4 1". w z -4 z io o 21 9) C) %A V- OD 0 Ol .4 n fj Im 0 c LQ 7' m z m z to I== m C. ka cc &I LA -.4 cm -0 V r" z 3@ -Do L x -1 -4 M ;ooww 4-4 T GA LP am -4 Lw (lk c C kA j. x z 0 0 0 0 o A ca M fr, m ru m Pi X, 0 C. 0 o r, lo 0 C. co m 0 a (A z rn n qp c CA x v o ;a -4 z 0 cD 0 413@ w m rr, m rr, r. c fr 3p -4 -4 z ru ca r" 0 0 12 0 C C APPENDIX D LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY 1983 Dear Lawrence Park Resident: The Planning Commission of Lawrence Park Township is in the midst of reviewing, updating, improving and revising short and long range plans, zoning and subdivision ordinances and other concerns necessary to assure that our Township will remain a "good place to live.". With that in mind, weaskyou, a resident and one who i-s familiar with your neighborhood and its characteristics, for your thoughts and opinions on the items included on the following pages. A similar survey was conducted 11 years ago by the East Lake Jaycees in cooperation with Lawrence Park Township. Several items, which were concerns of yoursat that time, have now been corrected or improved - thanks to your guidance. it is the hope of the Planning Commission that similar items will be called to our attention as a result of this survey and that our planning efforts will benefit from your suggestions. This survey was delivered to you by a Lawrence Park resident. She will return to your house on to pick up your completed survey. This method will assure us of a high return factor. If you will not be home this day, please put the survey form in your door or drop it off at the Township Office at 864 Silliman Avenue. If you have any questions concerning the survey, please call Jim Weigle at 899-8552 or Jack Shabel at 899-1640. Thank you for your cooperation. Sincerely,,_ ian*is44Mahoney, Chairman Lawrence Park Township 'Planning-Commission D-1 LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY TOTAL 1981 Part A WHATJS YOUR OPINION ON THE FOLLOWING FACILITIES AND SERVICES? Excellent Good Average Poor No Comment 1. Street conditions are 55 323 223 49 19 2. Police protection is 208 311 110 23 17 3. Fire protection is 412 222 14 1 20 4. Ambulance service is 433 193 14 1 2& 5. Justice of the Peace services are 77 294 128 54 116 6. Erie City Bus service is 80 351 145 ?,A 7. In your area, playgrounds are 53 306 113 5f; 141 8. The Napier Avenue Park is 50 264 87 19 249 9. The Morse Street.Park is 36 237 116 23 25*7' 10. The Lake Cliff Park is 29 251 135 36 218 11. The Twp. boat ramp at L. Cliff is 22 152 144 74 277 12. Supervision of playgrounds in summer, is 59 238 115 32 .225 13. The pressure of city water is 96 391 109 52 21 14. Garbage and refuse collection is 347 274 34 5 9 15. Sewers in your area are 124 405 91 25 24 16. Parkinq in the Business District is 35 274 216 96 48 17. Traffic movement in the Tn. is 56 407 137 26 43 18. The general appearance of your area is. 127 383 ins 36 15 19. The general appearance of L.P. is 54 413 151 27 24 20. Traffic signals & signs in L.P. are 46 408 155 29 1 31 21. Snow removal is 195 309 114 33 18 22. Street lighting is 116 383 133 22 15 Maintenance of streets is 88 340 175 40 26 24. Zoning ordinances in the Twp. are 39 285 160 32 153 25. Enforcement of zoning ordinances is 30 252 150 50 187 26. Local news coverage by newspaper is 20 205 241 146 57 27. Local news coverage by radio is 17 186 243-- 138 90 28. Local news coverage by T.V. is 24 184 240 131 90 29. L.P. Elementary School: staff is 68 217 104 14 266 30. Building and equipment is 74 265 77 1-3 40 31. Quality of Educational Program is 79 224 112 22 32 32. Discipline in the school is 37 185 1 155 41 51 33. I-roquois .:High School :staff is 56 226 120 18 49 34. Buildinq and equipment is 86 279 77 5 22 35. Quality of Educational Program is 65 217 126 26 4 3 5 4 0 2 9 22 36. Discipline in the school is 39 151 155 59 6-5 37. Communication between'school & com- 51 225 161 0 munity is 62 7 or D-2 LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY 1983 TOTAL Part B WHAT ARE YOUR FEELINGS ABOUT THE FOLLOWING: Yes No No Comment 1. Did you attend the Erie Playhouse within the last year? 160 499 10 2. Is there noticeable air pollution in your area? 237 399 33 3. Do you favor the elimination of outside trash burning? 292 362 15 4. Do you approve of offshore drilling in Lake Erie? 188 416 65 5. Are there disturbing noises in your area? 246 394 29 6. Should Nagle Road, between Iroquois Avenue & Buffalo Road be reopened? 548 80 41 7. Should there be more traffic control at Harborcreek Mall? 384 241 44 8. Should the intersection at East Lake Road & Iroquois Ave. be redesigned to allow a safertraffic pattern? 476 153 40 9. Do you use the Tri-Commnity swimming pool? 141 517 11 10. Is Lawrence Park a good place to live? 635 12 22 11. Are you satisfied with the political make up of the Twp.? 504 95 70 12. Should senior citizen housing be constructed in L.P.? 471 119 79 13. Should "Sex Education" be included in the curriculum from grades K thru 12? 438 135 96 14. Are the L.P. schools, in conjunction with the Lions Club & L.P. Fire Dept. giving adequate attention to safety educatioil 510 34 125 15. Should the School Board communicate more than 3 times per year with the residents and "Information Bulletin"? 283 297 89 16. Should Iroquois have a year-round school program with students required to attend a minimum of 9 months? 238 311 120 17. Should there be a community building which would have commun.. ity meeting rooms and house the Township offices? 275 305 89 18. For safety and traffic control, should the light at Main & Rankine be moved to Main and Smithson? 182 373 114 19. Should th e School'Board continue to mail the "Information" Bulletin" to all residents? 581 40 48 20. Shou lda plan be developed to beautify Main Street? 507 106 56 21. JShould a county wide reassessment occur in the near 294 271 LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY TOTAL 1983 Part C 1. Please check (%/) the area in which you live: 138 South of Main Street between Water Street and Iroquois Avenue. 91 - Between Main Street and Iroquois Avenue. 238 Between Iroquois Avenue and the lake. 1 185 1 Lake Cliffarea. F 17 No Comment 2. How old is the building you live in? 1 Less than 3 years 78 11 - 20years 5 3 - 5 years 307 21 - 50 years 21 6 - 10 years 244 over 50 years No Comment 3. What is the age of the head of your household? 14 18 - 24 years 106 45 - 54 years 88 25 - 34 years 168 55 - 64 years 102 35 - 44 years 187 65 and over No Comment Part D PERSONAL PROFILE Yes No No Comment 1. Have you lived in Lawrence Park five or more years? 594 72 3 2. Do you own yojur home (including buying)? 606 62 1 3. Are there school age children in your family? 231 432 6 4. Would you be interested in living in senior 246 366 57 citizen housing in Lawrence Park Township? 5. Are you or any member of your family currently receiving unemployment compensation or have you 68 590 11 already exhausted benefits? PART E OPEN END QUESTIONS 1. WHAT RETAIL BUSINESSES WOULD YOU SUPPORT IN LAWRENCE PARK? 2. PLEASE IDENTIFY ANY EXISTING OR POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS TRAFFIC/ PEDESTRIAN SITUATIONS IN THE TOWNSHIP: 3. IN YOUR OPINION WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS WHICH NEED TO BE DONE TO MAKE THIS A BETTER COMMUNITY? D-4 TOTAL PART E TOP ANSWERS: Question #1 Hardware Store 117 Grocery Store 66 5 & 10 Store 48 Variety Store 34 Drug Store 30 Bakery 25 Department Store 24 Cleaners 23 Shoe Store 19 None 18 Fast Food Restaurant 10 General Store 9 Question #2 Iroquois/E. Lake Road 88 Nagle/E. Lake Road 38 Visibility - Main/Smithson 24 Speeding Iroquois, Nagle, etc. 21 Harborcreek Mall Entrance 15 Iroquois/Nagle Road 11 G. E. Traffic 7 Question #3 Improve Main Street 85 Repair Sidewalks 43 Control Dogs/Cats 42 Clean up yards, trash, etc. 33 Open Nagle crossing 18 Repair Streets 15 Upgrade Academics 14 Better Street Lighting 6 D-5 3 6668 14102 7013