    [From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

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                                                                                                                PREPARED FOR

                                                                  THE LAWRENCE PARK                             TOWNSHIP BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

                                                                                                                  PREPARED BY

                                                                     THE LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION

                                                                                                                          -and-

                                                                               THE ERIE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING

                                                                                                             September, 1983
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                                               Dept. of Eavireantootil Resoorces
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                                             MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS

                               Lawrence Park Township Board of Commissioners

                               Mr. James E. Conners, President
                              .Mr. Raymond M. DePlatchett, Vice President
                               Mr. Theodore E. Mohnkern
                               Mr. Edward P. Hughes
                               Mr. Allen C. Ogden
                               Mrs. Dolores M. Bendig, Secretary

                               Lawrence Park Townshi2 Planning Commission

                               Mrs. Janis Mahoney, Chairman
                               Mr. Charles K. Schnars
                               Mr. James Weigle
                               Mr. James Conners
                               Dr. Thomas Kalkhof
                               Mr. Robert Jaskiewicz
                               Mr. Jack Shabel
                               Mrs. Barbara J. Medwid, Secretary

                                                 CONSULTANT

                                 Erie County Department of Planning

                                 Mr. R. Lawrence Bossolt, ECDP Consultant

                      The preparation of this report was financed through the Pennsylvania
                      Coastal Zone Management Program under provisions of the Federal Coastal
                      Zone Management Act of 1972, (as amended), administered by the Coastal
                      Zone Management Office, Office of Resources Management, Pennsylvania
                      Department of Environmental Resources, and the Erie County Department
                      of Planning.

                                               TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                      Page

                       INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      1

                       BACKGROUND INFORMATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     3

                       DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     7

                       NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   22

                       TOWNSHIP FISCAL ANALYSIS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   30

                       COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES   . . . . . . . . .  41

                       LAND USE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   45

                       HOUSING PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    54

                       TRANSPORTATION PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   63

                       COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   73

                       IMPLEMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    81

                       APPENDIX A - COASTAL ZONE POLICY FRAMEWORK  &
                                    SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONCERNS   . . . . . . . . . Al-A6

                       APPENDIX B - FEDERAL AND STATE ASSISTANCE  . . . . . . . . . Bl-B23

                       APPENDIX C - 1980 CENSUS STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . .  Cl-C14

                       APPENDIX D - OPINION SURVEY AND RESPONSES  . . . . . . . . . Dl-D5

                                               INTRODUCTION

            The original comprehensive plan for Lawrence Park Township was completed in the
            year 1967 by the Erie County Planning Department. The title of the Plan was the
            Community Improvement Plan. The purpose of this Plan is to analyze the condi-
            tions which have been experienced since the last planning program and provide
            updated planning recommendations where necessary to assist the Township meet its
            contemporary community development needs. The impetus for this Comprehensive
            Plan Update came from the Lawrence Park Township Planning Commission. The
            Planning Commission has been charged with the responsibility of advising the
            Township Commissioners on future planning needs as well as making recommendations
            on how to best meet these needs. Prior to reading this Comprehensive Plan Up-
            date, the following material is offered to better explain the purpose of planning:

            What is a Comprehensive Plan!

            A comprehensive plan is a document that is designed to state basic policies and
            to guide the future growth and development of the community. It carries no
            weight of law, but it can assist decision makers. It contains no rules or regu-
            lations, but it serves as a basis for any land use provisions enacted by the
            municipality. It is broad in scope, examining the physical, social and economic
            characteristics that mesh to make the municipality of today, but it seeks to apply
            this knowledge to the future. It speaks to various issues in general terms, but it
            can also make specific recommendations. Basically, the comprehensive plan is, in
            part, a factual report that examines how the past has led to the present, as well
            as a report that can be used to chart the community's path into the future.

            What must be included in the Plan?

            The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (Act 247 of 1968, as amended) man-
            dates that the comprehensive plan contain certain basic elements. These elements
            are:

                 -  a statement of community development goals and objectives;

                 -  a land use plan-,

                 -  a transportation plan;

                 -  a community facilities plan; and

                 -  a statement of the relationship of the community's future development
                    to adjacent areas.

            The comprehensive plan is by no means limited to these elements, nor should it be.
            This Plan, for instance, contains necessary background data and a Housing Plan.

            What are the uses of the Plan?

            The comprehensive plan is an official statement setting forth basic policies con-
            cerning physical development and social and economic goals. It is typically of a
            general nature, long-range in its outlook, and considers all factors affecting

                                                   -1-

             growth and,development. While its primary function is to serve as a general guide
             or framework for the future growth and development of a municipality, there is
             nothin g to say that it cannot contain rather specific proposals where it is felt
             necessary or desirable. As such, the comprehensive plan has several uses:

                     policy determination: the plan,aids in the consideration and evalua-
                     tion of alternatives for general, long-range development policies;

                     policy.effectuation: the plan lends guidance to specific and immediate
                     programs and problems;

                     communication: the plan informs individuals of the present and future
                     growth and development policies of the community;

                     conveyance of advice to the governing body;

                     education: the plan helps'everyone who uses it to understand the
                     conditions, problems and opportunities of the community by providing
                     factual information.

                                                    -2-

                                           BACKGROUND INFORMATION

             HISTORICAL AND REGIONAL SKETCH

             Lawrence Park was established as a village within Millcreek Township in 1911,
             when the General Electric plant was constructed. The initial street pattern
             was established in the same year when Smithson, Silliman, and Rankine Avenues
             were laid out. By 1913 the community was served by city water and sewers and
             with electricity and telephone service. In 1926 the village was issued a
             charter establishing the Township of Lawrence Park. Residential development
             at that time was concentrated between Smithson Avenue and Four Mile Creek, and
             East Lake Road and Bell Street. Some additional housing was located along
             Harvey and Halley Avenues north of East Lake Road. This early pattern of develop-
             ment was recognized as one of the first and best examples of community planning
             in the United States. Since its establishment as a village in 1911, the develop-
             ment of Lawrence Park has paralleled the employment trends at the General
             Electric plant. During World War I and again during World War II, residential
             development in the Township was intense, while the Depression in the 1930's saw
             a drop in development activity. However, in the post World War II era, develop-
             ment in Lawrence Park has tended to be influenced to a greater degree by metro-
             politan forces rather than by employment fluctuations at the General Electric
             plant. In the future, metropolitan influences will continue to affect the
             economic and living environment in Lawrence Park. Therefore, it is important
             that the Township maintain a continuing and comprehensive planning program that
             is designed to channel metropolitan influences, as they apply to Lawrence Park,
             in a direction that will be beneficial to the Township.

             COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW

             Lawrence Park is an industrial-residential suburb. The major industry--General
             Electric Company--actually sponsored some of the Township's early residential
             development and the adjacent neighborhoods are still closely allied with the
             plant as many residents are part of the General Electric Company labor force.
             The plant is well buffered and separated from adjacent residential areas by
             parking areas, major roads,.parks and open space.

             The use of land and functional relationships may be best understood if the
             community is seen as having four quadrants, each distinctive in use, and each
             clearly separated from adjacent   neighborhoods by major transportation routes
             or significant natural features. Two of the quadrants are residential, one is
             industrial, and the fourth is recreational. In addition to these quadrants, a
             narrow strip of land lying to the south of the railroads and clearly separated
             from the four quadrants by the railroad is also within the Township boundaries.

             The southwestern quadrant is industrial and holds the General Electric manufac-
             turing complex. It is bounded by the major highways separating it from adjacent
             residential neighborhoods on the northeast and west, and by railroads on the
             south. Its east-west access is a boulevard which is roughly an extension of
             Main Street in Lawrence Park, and East Eighth Street from the City of Erie.
             The boulevard, however, is not open to the public and serves solely for distri-
             bution of traffic within the G.E. complex.

                                                    -3-

            Eleven (11) major manufacturing structures are located to the south of the Boulevard
            so that the heaviest land coverage and most intensive use of land is on the
            southern portion of the General Electric property adjacent to the railroads.
            Many of these structures date to World War I and earlier, and on average, are
            five stories in height. Major parking facilities are located to the east and
            to the west of this complex. To the north of the Boulevard are several newer
            manufacturing structures together with service structures, administrative
            buildings, a water cooling pond, and relative service facilities. Open lawns
            and administrative and non-manufacturing structures occupy the frontage along
            East Lake Road. Extensive off-street parking facilities are also located
            through this area.

            Principal access for employees and visitors to the plantis located at the
            eastern and western terminal of the East-West Boulevard and at the center of
            the property fronting East Lake Road. The General Electric complex embraces
            a wide variety of manufacturing operations, many of them independent of one
            another. Despite such internal diversification, the complex has a functional
            unification: the major manufacturing structures and operations are clustered
            in the center and Southern portion of the tract, the service facilities extend
            northward from these, and the whole is buffered from adjacent properties by
            peripheral parking lots, open space and administrative structures. Despite
            its size and large number of employees, it meets high standards of performance
            and has little adverse effect on adjacent residential areas from noise or
            pollutants. Major traffic arteries ringing the complex keep heavy industrial
            traffic away from adjacent residential streets.

            The southeast quadrant constitutes the major residential development of Lawrence
            Park. It is bounded on the West by the General Electric plant, on the south by
            the railroad, on the north by East Lake Road, and on the west by Harborcreek
            Township. The development of this area is closely allied with the installation
            of the General Electric Plant. It was developed in conjunction with the plant
            to provide housing for employees of the General Electric complex. The western
            portion of it, lying closest to the General Electric gate, was developed as a
            cluster plan with town houses and duplexes set on curvilinear streets, with
            open space and recreational land intertwined with the housing.

            The design concept is remarkably similar to, and undoubtedly grew from, the
            11garden cities" being proposed and developed as satellite communities near
            London. Having a mixture of Utopian and pragmatic goals, these garden cities
            were designed so that the inhabitants would have the advantages of nearness to
            work and to the countryside, inhabit good houses with gardens, enjoy healthy
            and pleasant environments and modern, urban services. This garden city move-
            ment was first manifested in the development of the town of Welwyn, twenty
            miles outside of London by Sir Ebenezer Howard, and further developed in the
            suburb of Letchworth in 1919.

            The first section of Lawrence Park to be developed just prior to World War I
            incorporated the most advanced thinking of the time. It continues to this day
            to be a stable, inviting and pleasant residential environment. Design features
            which are similar to the British garden city designs include: the continuation
            of the main axis of the General Electric plant through the residential community
            (Main Street); a wide boulevard (Iroquois Avenue) converging at an angle with
            the main axial street (Main Street); the contrast of these formal axes by the

                                                   -4-

            introduction of a curvilinear, informally designed, peripheral street system
            (Napier and Emmet Drive); the establishment of park lands around the periphery
            and extending into the residential area located along Four Mile Creek and ex-
            tending from both Napier and Emmet Drive; the establishment of a small business
            area in the center of the residential community; and the placing of garden houses--
            or town houses--so as to enhance the mixture of formality and informality. All
            of these factors are notable since it is most unusual in the United States to see
            residential development follow a comprehensive design which integrates major
            thoroughfares, residential streets, open space, parks and structures. Indeed,
            following the initial surge of development, subsequent building followed the
            more haphazard pattern that is more typical of residential development in this
            country. The business area is located in the center of this quadrant. North
            of Iroquois Avenue and west of Rankine Avenue single-family homes predominate.
            Major school tracts are also located in this quadrant together with light manu-
            facturing uses at the edges of the quadrant.

            The northwestern quadrant lying to the north of East Lake Road is a second major
            residential neighborhood comprised almost entirely of single-family dwellings.
            Most of these have been developed during the major suburban growth era following
            World War II, although a few older houses and some commercial uses are located
            along the western frontage of East Lake Road. This area comprises a total of
            385 housing units with a municipal park extending south from the lakefront
            through the center of the neighborhood. The neighborhood is bounded by Lake Erie
            on the north, East Lake Road on the south, Lawrence Park Golf Club on the east,
            and a wooded tract on the west.

            Another quadrant occupies-the northeast corner of the Township and is com-
            prised of the Lawrence Park Golf Club. A small motel and a number of single-
            family homes are located in this quadrant on the frontage of East Lake Road.
            Four Mile Creek traverses the center of this quadrant and the General Electric
          'Fishing Club is located near the point where Four Mile Creek enters Lake Erie.

            A final portion of the Township is a-strip lying south of the railroad.
            This strip, accessible only through Harborcreek Township, lies behind the
            commercial frontage on Buffalo Road and is presently utilized for light indus-
            trial uses and for a mobile home park. It should be noted that an error on
            the U.S. Census tracts in 1970 placed this parcel of land in Harborcreek Town-
            ship so that the residents of the mobile home park were not counted as residents
            of Lawrence Park Township.

            PHYSIOGRAPHY

            Lawrence Park is located on a relatively fla t lake plain along the shores of Lake
            Erie. The area south of East Lake Road (Pa.5) is flat with the exception of a
            minor depression (swale) in the vicinity of the railroad right-of-way. North of
            East Lake Road, the land has a gentle downward slope to the shores of Lake Erie.
            However, there is an escarpment at the waters edge which creates a bluff, approxi-
            mately twenty to forty feet in height. The bluff is interrupted at three points
            where Four Mile Creek, and two minor streams flow into the lake forming small
            beach areas. The only other major physical feature in the Township is the small
            valley created by Four Mile Creek.

                                                  -5-

             The subsurface conditions in the Township do not present any impediment to
             urban growth. However, subsurface drainage of building sites is required in
             some areas of the Township due to seasonally high water tables. The only
             major impediment to urban development of the Township can be found along the
             Four Mile Creek valley where certain areas are subject to flooding in periods
             of storm water runoff. The physical conditions in the Township are depicted
             on the accompanying map.

                                                   -6-

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                                               DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

              INTRODUCTION

              An understanding of the population of a community and its various       characteristics
              is an essential element of any comprehensive plan. I     'n order to develop plans and
              policies for the future of the Township, it is necessary to have an understanding
              of the characteristics of its population, past, present, and future. Based upon
              a population or demographic analysis, the quantity and quality of future township
              services and location of public facilities can be determined in a logical manner.
              The data in this section should also be helpful as an information source which the
              Township may need for the preparation of funding applications to the State and
              Federal governments.

              POPULATION TRENDS

              Lawrence Park's population has increased slightly    but steadily each decade during
              the past fifty (50) years with exception only to the 1930-1940 period. The
              steady.increase is fairly significant when one considers the fact that the Town-
              ship has minimal land area available for new subdivision growth. The following
              table traces and compares the census results of Lawrence Park with Erie County
              during the 1930-1980 period:

                                                      Table 1

                                            Population Trends  1930-1980

                                   1930        1940         1950       1960         1970        1980

              Lawrence Park
              Population           3,241       3,120       4,154       4,403       4,517      4,584
              Change in            N.A.        -121        1,034         249        114           67
              Change in %          N.A.        -3.7         33.1         6.0        2.6          1.5

              Erie County
              Population         175,277     180,889     219,388     250,682    263,654     279,780
              Change in           21,741       5,612      38,499      31,294     12,972      16,126
              Change in            14.2          3.2        21.3       14.3         5.2          6.1

              Source: U.S. Bureau of   Census, 1980 and.Erie   County Population Analysis, 1972.

              During the 1930-1980 period, an overall percentage gain of 41% was experienced by
              the Township; however, in terms of raw numbers the increase     stood at only 1,343.
              The growth experience of Erie County for the same period of     time was 60%.

              In terms of County.population rank, the 1980 Census results     placed Lawrence Park
              Township in the number nine (9) position among the County's     39 incorporated muni-
              cipalities. The eight (8) municipalities ahead of Lawrence      Park were: the City
              of Erie (119,123), Millcreek Township (44,303), Harborcreek     Township (14,644),
              Fairview Township (7,518), City of Corry (7,149), Edinboro (6,324), North East
              Township (5,750), and Summit Township (5,381). Even though several of Erie
              County's municipalities experienced higher growth rates during the 1970-80 period,,
              Lawrence Park Township's rate should be interpreted as positive and a sign of sta-
              bilized growth. The immediate regional growth situation which Lawrence Park is
              within is depicted on the following table:

                                                       -7-

                                                                      Table 2

                                                     Comparative.Population  Growth 1930-1980

                                                1930           1940           1950           1960            1970           1980

                   Lawrence Park              3,241          3,120          4,154           4,403          4,517          4,584
                   Wesleyville                2,854          2,918          4,411           3,5-34         3,920          3,998
                   Harborcreek                2,890          3,602          7,474          10,569         12,038         14,644
                                                                            17,037         28,441
                   Hillcreek                  4,865          71444                                        36,946         44,303
                   Erie County               175,277        180,889        219,388        250,682        263,654        279,780
                   Erie City                 115,967        116,955        130,BO3        138,440        129,231        119,123
                   Pennsylvania            9,631,000      9,900,000    110,498,000     11,319,000     11,794,000     11,863,895
                   United States         123,203,000    132,165,000    151,326,000    179,323,000    203,302,020    226,545,805

                   Lawrence Park
                   as a percentage
                   of Erie County             1,849%         1.725%         1.893%       ..1.756%         1.713%         1..638%

                   Source: U.S. Census

             It is interesting to note that Lawrence Park Township's most recent 10 year
             growth rate of 1.5% outpaced that of both the State and the nation (1.1%); how-
             ever, it lagged behind Erie County's (6.1%). Nearby townships (e.g. Harborcreek
             and Millcreek) have grown at a more rapid pace due to the availability of land
             and the continued county trend of suburban attraction.

             Lawrence Park's nominal population growth during the past few decades has been
             attributable to two (2) key factors: (1) limited available land resources and
             (@) a decreasing average household size. Following is a brief discussion of each
             of these factors.

             The increase in Lawrence Park's population during the last two decades has been
             a result of construction of single-family homes and the conversion of older row
             homes,into multi-unit structures. Relatively few vacant parcels of ground remain
             (with the exception of the golf course) which are suitable for new residential
             construction. A reduced rate of construction during the 1980's is already a
             reality and this is a direct result of the reduced availability of land.

             The second factor affecting growth is the reduction in the average size of the
             household. Throughout the Nation's history, there has been a continuing decrease
             in the average population per household. Historical records of the Census Bureau
             indicate that the average population per household has continually decreased from
             5.79 persons per household in 1790 to 5.55 in 1850; 4.76 in 1900; 3.52 in 1950;
             3.21 in 1970; and 2.73 in 1980. This trend is only partly attributable to changes
             in the birth rate and in the average number of children born to each family. A
             second and more critical factor reflected in these trends is the undoubling of
             families. Today, the typical family is a nuclear family,.comprised only of parents
             and dependent children; as opposed to the extended family which prevailed through-
             out most of this Nation's history. The extended family included three or more
             generations and may well have included brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles, and
             cousins. The undoubling of the family has resulted in a substantial increase in
             the one or two person family, greatly reducing the average population per house-
             hold. Within Lawrence Park, the average population per household has remained
             slightly higher than national averages, standing-at 4.92 in 1950; 3.90 in 1960;
             3.27 in 1970; and 2.82 in 1980.

             The net effect of the decline in the population per household unit would be a
             decrease in population even though the same number of families and households
             remained in the community. In the same way, it will result in the reduced rate
             of growth even where new units are being added. Since 1970, for example, the
             number of dwelling units has increased by about 22%, but the population has in-
             creased by only 2% in the Township.

             POPULATION CONPOSITION   AGE/SEX

             The 1980 Census included a precise breakdown on the population composition of the
             Township. The following table includes the complete figures for all males and
           ,.females by age via the most recent Census:

                                                    -9-

                                                     Table 3

                                             Lawrence Park Township
                                               A&e/Sex Composition
                                                      1980

                                                            Male       Female       Total

                        Under one year                       27            28         55
                        1 and 2 years                        57            60        117
                        3 and 4 years                        52            59        ill
                        5 years                              24            27         51
                        6 years                              35            30         65
                        7 to 9 years                        109            93        202
                        10 to 13 years                      148          151         299
                        14 years                             46            46         92
                        15 years                             47            43         90
                        16 years                             36            48         84
                        17 years                             44            54         98
                        18 years                             44            37         81
                        19 years                             33            36         69
                        20 years                             31            43         74
                        21 years                             38            42         80
                        22 to 24 years                      107          100         207
                        25 to 29 years                      157          163         320
                        30 to 34 years                      133          124         257
                        35 to 44 years                      193          237         430
                        45 to 54 years                      255          288         543
                        55 to 59 years                      161          186         347
                        60 and 61 years                      66            64        130
                        62 to 64 years                       72            95        167
                        65 to 74 years                      158          197         355
                        75 to 84 years                       73          116         189
                        85 years and over                    18            53         71

                        Totals                             2j164        2,420       4,584

                        Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1980.

             The median.age-of all persons,,,7ithin,the-Township;stood at 33.8 years in 1980; 36.1
             years for all females and 31.8 years for all males.. By comparison, Erie County's
             median age figures for the year 1980 indicate that a slightly younger population
             exists on the countywide level; i.e. the total County median age stood at 29.2 years
             with the female median age at 30.4 years and the male median age at 28.1 years.
             Median age is not the average age, it is the mid-point at which half of the popula-
             tion falls above and half below.

                                                    _10-

             The following table compares the 1980 and 1970 Age/Sex Population Groups of the
             Township. Data to the degree generated by the 1980 Census were-not available via
             the 1970 Census, and as such, the 1980 data were assembled to match the avail-
             able 1970 output. While the groups are broader, meaningful comparisons and
             future implications can still be drawn.

                                                      Table 4

                                          Population by Age & Sex Group
                                        Lawrence Park*Township 1970 & 1980

                                     Male    % Male     Female     % Female     Total       Total %
             Age Group               1970     1970        1970       1970       1970      of 1970 Pop.

             0-4                      173        8.2      185          7.7        @58          7.9
             5-14                     474       22.3      519         11.7        993         22.0
             15-24                    328       15.5      357         14.9        685         15.2
             25-34                    199        9.4      212          8.8        411          9.1
             35-44                    277       13.1      322         13.4,       599         13.3
             45-54                    297       14.0      311         13.0        608         13.5
             55-64                    208        9.8      229          9.6        437          9.6
             65+                    - 165        7.8    -261          10.9        426          9.4

             Total                   2,121    100.0     2,396        1.00.0     4,517         100.0

                                     Male    % Male     Female     % Female     Total       Total %
             Age Group               1980     1980        1980       1980       1980      of 1980 Pop.

             0-4                      136        6.3      147          6.1        283          6.2
             5-14                     362       16.7      347         14.3        709         15.5
             15-24                    380       17.6      403         16.7        783         17.1
             25-34                    290       13.4      287         11.9        577         12.6
             35-44                    193        8.9      237          9.8        430          9.4
             45-54                    255       11.8      288         11.9        543         11.8
             55-64                    299       13.8      345         14.3        644         14.0
             65+                      249       11.5      366         15.1        615         13.4

             Total                   2,164    100.0     2,420        100.0      4,584         100.0

             While endless conjecture and comparisons can be drawn from an      analysis of  the pre-
             cluding tables, several general but pertinent characteristics      concerning the recent
             changes and future implications of the Township's population composition stand out
             and are summarized herein. The reader should also observe Table 5 for a better
             understanding of the following summary.

                      The very young population of the Township (0-4 years) has dropped
                      off considerably (down 21%) during 1970-80. there were 75 fewer
                      children in this age group in 1980. This is an obvious parallel
                      to the national lower birth rate experience.

                                                     _11-

                - The key school-age group (5-14 years) has dropped at an alarming
                   rate. There were 284 less children within this age group in 1980.

                - Together, the 14 years and under group constituted close to 30%.
                   of the Township's 1970 population, while in 1980 this group only
                  ,accounted for about 22% of this total. This trend has already
                   affected the school system, as low enrollment figures have been
                   experienced.

                -  The Township is also losing much of its young adult population as
                   is indicated in the 1970 age "5-14" and 1980 age "15-24" age group
                   experience. Of the 993 youths aged 5-14 in 1970, the 1980 "15-24"
                   age group totaled only 783. The significance of a 210 person re-
                   duction gives evidence that the young are leaving the community.
                   Most often this move is necessitated by employment and/or education
                   needs. Fortunately for the Township, the "15-24" age group con-
                   tained close to 100 more young citizens in 1980 than it did in
                   1970. This second fact shows that in-migration is counteracting
                   the experienced out-migration in these age groups during the
                   1970-80 period.

                -  The "25-34" age group experience was similar to the previous ex-
                   planation; however, it was not as extreme. A decline of 108 persons
                   was experienced from the "15-24" age group total of 685 persons in
                   1970; however, overall the "25-34" age group grew by 166 persons.
                   This positive net gain is a healthy sign for the Township as this
                   group is an important child bearing and income producing segment
                   of the population.

                -  The second highest age group loss occurred in the age 35-44 group.
                   Numerically, there was a 169 person loss in this age group, and the
                   loss was apparently self-contained within this group as there was
                   actually a small step increase in the "25-34" age group during the
                   1970-80 period. The loss of this age group was the most devastating
                   blow to the Township's overall population total in 1980, as the de-
                   cline in the "0-4" and "5-14" age groups were also,directly affected
                   by the movement of the parent "35-44" age group. An additional loss
                   in the "45-54" age group, while not as extreme, was also experienced.

                -  The fact that Lawrence Park is retaining its older population is
                   indisputable. Due to the solid residential atmosphere of the community,
                   increased longevity, the existence of specialized elderly care in the
                   Township as well as individual economic realities and desires,
                   Lawrence Park has significantly increased its "55-64" and "65+" age
                   groups. In terms of percentages, the "55-64" age group constituted
                   9.6% in 1970 and in the most recent census this grew to 14.0%. Like-
                   wise, the 65+ senior citizen group which constituted 9.4% of the 1970
                   total population grew to 13.4% of the 1980 total population. This rate
                   exceeded that of the overall County's, which in 1980 registered 10.9%.
                   Inasmuch as these age groups, especially the 65+ group, is the
                   least mobile of all the Township's population, new service demands for
                   elderly care and housing will be placed upon the Township.

                                                 -12-

                                                                 Table 5

                                        Lawrence Park     Township Age     Group    Comparisons
                                                              1970     1980

                           Ten Year Age Group                                       Ten Year Age Group
                              Step Experience                                      Numerical Comparison

               Age  Group          1970       19-80     Change.           Age Group          1970       1980        Change

               0-4                 358         283       N.A.             0-4                 358        283=        -75

               5-14                993         709       N.A.             5-14                993        709=        -284

               15-24               685         783=      -210             15-24               685        783=           98

               25-34.,                         577=      -108             25-.34              411        577=        166

               35-44               599                       29           35-44               599        430=        @169.

               45-54               608         543=       -56             45-54               608        543=        -65
               55-64               431         644=-,        36           55-64               437        644=        207

               65+                                        178             65+                 426        615='       189

               Totals            4,517      @4,584=       N.A.            Totals            4,517      4,584=           67

               Source: 1970-and        1980 Census    and Consultant's       calculations.

               POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

               This section provides selected           characteristics of the Township's           1980 population as
               was recorded by the Census. Much of the following data will be more important for
               potential use in applying         @for state and Federal assistance than            it is for planning
               purposes. Material from the 1970 Census is used as a comparison where pertinent.
               Township officials should obtain a copy of the entire 1980 Census information data
               for future grantsmanship needs. The County Department of Planning has been desig-
               nated as a local statistical data center and is in possession of all 1980 Census
               data.

               Race

               Statistics from the 1980         Census indicate that the total 1980 population of                4,584
               was racially composed of         4,561 whites, three (3) blacks, four (4) American                Indians,
               two (2) Japanese, five (5) Chinese, five (5) Korean, one (1) Asian Indian and
               three (3) other. Lawrence Park's population was, therefore, composed of a 99.5%
               white population. This figure is higher than the total County.percentage of
               whites, which stood at 94.7%.in 1980. An additional 14 persons of Spanish origin
               were also enumerated via the 1980 Census.
                                                30=
                                        L@L
                                   a6O8        543=

                                                                -13-

             Families

             In 1980,  there were 1,237 families in the Township. This total was up by 51 from
             the 1970 Census count of 1,186. Families, according to the Census, do not neces-
             sarily imply that children are present. The average number of persons per family
             for Lawrence Park was 3.28, slightly lower than the 3.34 family size of the County
             for the Census year 1980.

             Households

             The term household, as defined by the Census, equals the number of occupied housing
             units. Statistics on households are generally important parameters for various
             housing and community service grant, programs of the state and Federal government.
             In 1980, there were 1,588 households recorded within the Township. Of this total,
             100 persons resided in group quarters, 9@ of which were 65 years and over. A
             total of 197 senior citizens (65+) were single householders; 114 seniors formed
             husband-wife households; forty (40) seniors lived with,lother relatives; two (2)
             seniors lived with nonrelative/family type households; and 170 seniors lived in
             nonfamily households.

             Persons Per Household

             The average number of  persons per occupied housing unit was 2.82 in 1980, down
             considerably from the  3.27 average established for the Township by the 1970 Census.
             The trend of a decreasing household size has been experienced in many other Erie
             County communities in recent years. Overall, Erie County's 1980 household size
             nearly matched that of the Township's at 2.81 persons. The declining birth rate
             is a primAry-reason for this reduction; this is not merely a localized trend, it
             is a nationwide experience. Persons per dwelling unit is commonly used as a mul-
             tiplier (times housing units) to determine the population base of various service
             areas within the community.

             Owner/Rental Housing

             Of the total 1980 household population, the Census revealed that 667 persons are
             housed in the rental market. The Census also revealed that there are 259 housing
             units that are renter occupied. The median contract rent for these units stood
             at $175.00 per month, slightly above the overall County median of $161.00. The
             amount of owner occupied housing units recorded for 1980 was 1,329'. It is impor-
             t.ant to note that owner occupied housing excludes the following: units at an
             address with 'two or more units, units on 10 or more acres, units with a commer-
             cial establishment on the property, and mobile homes and trailers. The median
             value of the Township occupied housing units was recorded at $38,900, slightly
             below the County and State median values of $39,700 and $39,100 respectively.

             Income

             The mean or average family income of Lawrence Park Township increased by 111.6%
             during the 1970-80 period. This rapid rise is consistent with that experienced
             at the County,. State and national levels. The 1980 Census tabulated the mean
             family income of Lawrence Park at $22,552 (up $11,894 from the 1970 Census re-
             corded mean family income of $10,658). The median family income was also up

                                                     -14-

             sharply for the Township and its 1980 rate of $19,868 was slightly above that
             of Erie County's ($19,804). However, it was slightly below that of the State
             ($19,995) and nation ($19,908).

             The median and mean household income (household income is determined by all
             persons living in a housing unit regardless of family status) of Lawrence Park
             in 1980 stood at $18,783 and $20,526 respectively. Both of these figures sur-
             passed those of Erie County ($16,760 median and $19,040 mean).

             Following is a table that illustrates the complete household and family income
             experience of the Township:

                                                    Table 6

                                            Lawrence Park Township
                                                 Income    1980

                         Range of Income                     Households       Families

                         Less than $2,500                          9               9
                         $2,500 to $4,999                        52                6
                         $5,000 to $7,499                       157              67
                         $7,500 to $9,999                       108              61
                         $10,000  to $12,499                    139             103
                         $12,500  to $14,999                    120             105
                         $15,000  to $17,499                    102              84
                         $17,500  to $19,999                    228             208
                         $20,000  to $22,499                     72              63
                         $22,500  to $24,999                     94              90
                         $25,000  to $27,499                     86              72
                         $27,500  to $29,999                    127             105
                         $30,000  to $34,999                    139             128
                         $35,000  to $39,999                     52              46
                         $40,000  to $49j999                     87              81
                         $50,000  to $74,999                     36              36
                         $75,000  or more
                         MEDIAN                               18,783         19,868
                         MEAN                                 20,526         22,552

                         Source: .1980 Census.

             Poverty

             A total of 229 persons in tbe-Townshiu-were recorded by the 1980 Census    as.living
             in poverty status (according to Federal poverty guidelines). The overall per-
             centage of poverty was, however, a low one as only 4.99% of the total Township
             population fell into this category. The rate of poverty is much higher at the
             Erie County level at 9.76% (27,326 poverty residents divided by 279,780 total
             residents).

                                                    -15-

             The 1980 Census also provided some evidence as to the age groupings of poverty
             level residents. Of the 229 poverty population, 184 were under 55 years of
             age, 14 were aged 55 to 59, and 31 were 65 years and over. It should be noted
             that an additional 100 elderly persons were tabulated by the 1980 Census as
             being residents within group/institutional quarters. This latter group is not,
             however, necessarily of poverty level status.

             Education

             Lawrence Park Township's population contains 822 persons 18 years old and over
             that do not possess at least a high school education. This figure translates
             to a 24.6% rate. The remaining 75.4% of the Township's 18 years old and over
             age group (2,516 persons) have completed four (4) years of high school at a
             minimum. Finally, 819 persons, or 24.5% of all 18 years old and over residents
             within the Township have completed one or more years of college.

             In comparison, 27.9% of Erie County's total 18 years old and over population,
             lacked a high school degree, while the remaining 72.1% completed four (4) years
             of high school; 25.5% of Erie County's 18 years old and over population com-
             pleted one or more years of college. These percentages were also calculated
             via 1980 Census raw data.

             Employment and Labor Force

             According to the 1980 Census definition of civilian labor force, there were
             1,921 persons aged 16 years and over that constituted the employed labor force.
             Of this amount, there were 1,102 males (57.4%) and 819 females (42.6%). In
             addition, a total of 160 persons were unemployed (105 male and 55 female) and
             1,437 persons aged 16 years and over were not in the labor force due to various
             reasons (1,011 females and 426 males).

             Of those persons 16 years and older that were employed, 18.8% (361 persons) held
             administrative support positions; 15.3% (293 persons) held occupations in
             assembly, machine operation or inspectors; 13.8% (266 persons) were employed
             via the precision production, craft and repair occupations; 13.2% (254 persons)
             were of the special professional occupational group; 11.1% (214 persons) were
             employed in the service occupations; 8.9% (172 persons) were employed in sales
             occupations; 7.9% (153 persons) were employed in managerial and special pro-
             fessional occupations; 3.7% (71 persons) were employed in technical and re-
             lated support occupations; 3.2% (61 persons) were employed in general labor
             occupations; 2.9% (55 persons) were employed in the transportation and material
             moving occupation group; and .8% (16 persons) were employed in the protective
             service group; and, a very small .2% (5 persons) were employed via the farming,
             forestry, and fishing occupations.

             In comparison to overall Erie County 1980 Census statistics, it is interesting
             to note that percentage wise, the number of persons employed in manufacturing
             industries is much larger in Lawrence Park, i.e. 48.1% (924 persons) of the
             Township's total employed labor force (1,921 persons) held their jobs in manu-
             facturing as compared to the 36.1% County rate. The following Table gives
             comparative data for the Township and overall County:

                                                  -16-

                                                            Table 7

                                          Ealoyed Persons (16 Years and Over)
                                      By Industry: Lawrence Park and Erie County
                                                            1980

                                                             Lawrence Park              Erie  County
                    Industry                                Persons        %                 %

                    Agriculture, Forestry,
                      Fisheries, Mining                          0                          1.8

                    Construction                               36         1.9               3.7.

                    Manufacturing:
                      Nondurable Goods                        192        10.0               8.6
                      Durable Goods                           732        38.1               27.5

                    Transportation                             51         2.7               3.0

                    Communication, Other
                      Public Utilities                         46         2.4               3.0

                    Wholesale Trade                            42         2.2               3.0

                    Retail Trade                              263        13.7               16.0

                    Finance, Insurance,
                      and Real Estate                          95         5.0.              4.6

                    Business and Repair     Services           47        @2.4               3.2-

                    Personal, Entertainment,
                      and-Recreation Services                  41         2.1               3.0

                    Professional and Related
                      Services:

                     --Health Services                        109         5.7               8.1
                     ."EducAtional Services                               9.2               7.9
                      Other Professional and
                         Related Services                      39         2.0               3.7,

                    Public Administration                      52         2.7               3.0

                    Totals                                  1,921        100.0             100.0

                    Note: Percentages may not add due to rounding.

                    Source: 1980 Census and calculations therefrom.

                                                            -17-

             Finally, out of the 1,9 21 persons that constituted the employed labor force in
             1980, 87% (1,672 persons) received wages and salaries from private sources;
             11.0% (216 persons) received their wages from working in government (Federal,
             State and local); and 2% (33 persons) received their earnings via self-employment.
             These percentages closely parallel those of Erie County.

             POPULATION PROJECTIONS

             The projection of future population is   traditionally included  in comprehensive
             planning'efforts to determine the general extent and   need for  future community
             facilities and services. There are numerous different methods which can be used
             to calculate future population. Some methods are simple, while others are ex-
             tremely complicated. All, however, provide estimates which are based upon a
             knowledge of past trends and anticipated future events. Projections of future
             population, therefore, should be taken with the proverbial "grain of salt," for
             they are only as reliable as the assumptions on which they are based. Parameters
             that obviously affect future population size include migration, family size,
             economic conditions, availability of-public water And sewer as well as the
             overall amenities and land availability of a community to attract and house
             future population.

             As mentioned earlier in this section, the two (2) major factors which will limit
             future population growth in the Township are the decreasing size of the household
             and the minimal amount of land available for new development in the Township. In
             order to give one an example of the effect that these two factors alone would
             have on the future population growth of the Township, population holding capacities
             have been developed in the following table. Various growth figures have been..
             developed as a result of using the Township's remaining land area, household.
             size (1980) and various density standards  *  Please note that the acreage.possi-
             bilities are laid out to accomm6date the potential..of,full,development (260 acres),
             golf course development only (200 acres), development of nearly all buildable
             residential lots outside of the golf course (60 acres), or a small amount of
             development (25 acres).

                                                         Table 8
                                                Lawrence Park Township
                                             Land Area Holding Capacities

                                                 Additional                    Additional          Total
                                  Additional     Potential       Average       Population        Population
                  1980             Acreage        Housing       Household           With          Holding
              Populatio            Available        Units          Size        Development        Capacity

                4,584                   25(A)         156          2.82              439           5,023
                4,584                 .60(A)          373          2.82           1,052            5,636
                4,584                 200(A)        1,245          2.82           3,510            8,094
                4,584                 260(A)        li618          2.82           4,563            9,147

                4,584                   25(B)         109          2.82              3.07          4,891
                4,584                   60(B)         261          2.82              736           5,320
                4,584                 200(B)          870          2.82           2,453            7,037
                4,584                 260(B)        1,131          2.82           3,189            7,773

                4,584                 200(C)        1,742          2.82           4,912            9,496
                4,584                 200(C)+60(A)2,115            2.82           5,964           10,548
                4,584                 200(C)+60(B)2,003            2.82           5,648           10,232

              Note:   Factors Used:

                      Minimum Lot Size                              Housing Density

                      (A) 7,000 sq. ft. lot size or                 6.22 units per acre
                      (B)10,000 sq. ft. lot size or                 4.35 units per acre
                      (C) 5,000 sq. ft. lot size or                 8.71 units per acre

              Source: Consultant's calculations.

              As can be observed, an ultimate population of 10,548 persons was the output of the
              holding capacity analysis. This figure is based upon the assumption that the
              Lawrence Park Golf Course will be fully developed at a maximum of 8.71 units per
              acre (approximately 200 acres) and that a remaining 60 acres of open land within
              the Township would be developed at a density of 6.22 units per acre in line with
              the current most liberal minimum lot size (7,000 sq. ft.) permitted via zoning.
              The size of the household and base population have been held to the 1980 Census
              experience within all holding capacity calculations.

              Obviously, these figures are not realistic for planning purposes; they do, however,
              offer maximum levels that must be tolerated by any projection methodology. A re-
              view of population projections that have been made for the Township in the past
              reveals that all projections have been within the 10,548 person holding capacity
              of the Township. The following chart compares past projections that have been
              made for the Township:

                                                         _19-

                                                     Table 9

                                          Past Population Projections
                                            Lawrence Park Township

             Source                                   1970     1980      1990     2000     2010

             Community Improvements Plan -
             Lawrence Park Township - 1967           4,825*   5,239*   5,271*       -         -

             Erie County Population
             Analysis - 1972                                  4,632*   4,682*    4,731*

             Comp. Plan - Beckman
             Associates - 1980                         -      4,800*   4,800*    4,900*    5,000*

             Actual Census Counts                    4,517    4,584        -        -         -

                Projected figures.

             Of the above, the projections contained within the Erie County Population Analysis
             (completed by the Erie County Metropolitan Planning Department in 1972) have proven
             to be closest to the Census year 1980. Compared to the official 1980 Census count
             of 4,584 persons, the projection offered by the County Planning Office was off by
             a mere 48 persons, or one (1) percent. The projection methodology used by the County
             was the Cohort-Survival method. Simply stated, this method involves the use of ex-
             isting birth and death rates for the various age-sex (cohort) groups and a deter-
             mined survival rate which is factored progressively into the future. The Cohort-
             Survival technique was based, however, upon the County as a whole. After the County
             projections were developed, regional and sub-regional (municipal) allocations were
             made based upon various growth assumptions. For Lawrence Park Township, the authors
             obviously built in a slow but progressive growth factor, which was correct.

             Due to the fact that the County projections are well within acceptable deviation
             of the 1980 Census results, and the 1980-2000 projected figures translate to a
             3.2% rate of growth which is a reasonable extension of the rate of increase ex-
             perienced by the Township during the past two (2) decades (4.1%), the population
             projections of the Erie County Population Analysis are still viable for planning
             purposes in Lawrence Park. As development of the Lawrence Park Golf Course is not
             anticipated, the population capacity identified in Table 9 is also recommended as
             a maximum growth figure for the purposes of the Plan Update. The following table
             adapts and extends the County Population Analysis projections by five (5) year
             increments to the year 2000.

                                                    -20-

                                                  Table 10

                                     Lawrence Park Township Recommended
                                 Comprehensive Plan Population Projections

                           1980          1985         1990         1995         2000

                          4,584         4,632        4,682        4,702        4,731

                          Source: Erie  County Population Analysis, Erie County
                                   Metropolitan Department.

                                                   -21-

                                               NEIGHBOR1400D ANALYSIS

             The first Neighborhood   Analysis was developed in the    1967 Community Improvement
             Plan of the-Township.    The 1967 Plan identified six neighborhood units for the
             purpose of statistical   analysis and the primary source of information was a
             field survey. In order to continue the-documentation of neighborhood planning
             indicators, the 1980 Bureau of Census and a 1983 field survey were used to pro-
             vide current insight. Due to the fact that the 1980 Census enumeration pro-
             vided statistical information on population and housing on a block-by-block
             basis, the same boundaries utilized in the 1967 Plan were used and are shown
             on the accompanying map. Comparative population and dwelling unit counts are
             made with the 1970 Census in Table 11 and land use and density figures are
             detailed in Table 12.

                                                      Table 11

                                              Lawrence Park  Township
                                 Selected Neighborhood Analysis Data Concerning
                                         Population and Housing 1970-80

                                         1        2        3          4        5         6       Total

             Population
                1980                   1,190      1       1,203     754       1,238      198     4,584

             Population
                1970a                  1,429      2       1,015     714,      1,370      117     4,634

             1970-80 Change              -239     -1       188        40       -132      81        -50

             Total Dwelling
             Units - 1980                410      1        448.     267        408       93      1,627

             Single Family               4ol      1        427      243        379       20      1,471

             2-9 Units                      9     0         19        24         27       1          80

             10+ Units                      0     0          2         0                  0           3

             Mobile Homes                   0     0          0         0          1      72          73

             Occupied Rental              18      0         46        79       101       13        257

             % of All Units
             Renter Occupied           4.39%            10.26%    29.58%     24.75%   13.97%    15.79%

             Persons Per Unit          2.90              2.68      2.82      3.03      2.12      2.82
                                                                            (2.79)b
             Total Dwelling
             Units - 1970a               388      1        328      246        401       51      1,415

             1970-80 Dwelling
             Units Change                 22               120        21          7      42        212

                                          (See next page   for footnotes)

                                                       -22-

             a
                The 1970 Census total as adjusted to correct errors in tabulation in Neighbor-
                hood Areas 4 and 6.

             b
                The figures in parenthesis represent the household size when the 100 residents
                of the Twinbrook Nursing Home are deducted from the population.

             Source: Consultant's calculations from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing
                       Block Statistics for Lawrence Park Township.and 1970 Census material.

                                                     Table 12

                                             Lawrence Park Township
                                     Neighborhood Density and Land Use Data

                                           1         2        3        4         5         6     Total
             Land Use

             Residential                   95        1        83       25        31        11     246

             Commercial                      2       0         3@       8          2        0       15

             Industrial                      0       0          0       3          4      365     372

             Public & Institutional        11       203       18       21        32         0     285

             Streets R-O-W's               25        3        33        7        18        11       97

             Vacant                        32        0        31        0        10        90     163

             Total Acres                  165       207     168        64        97       477    1,178

             1980 Gross Densitya          7.2               7-1      11.8      12.8       .42    3.89

             1970 Gross Densitya          8.6               6.0      11.2      14.1       .25    3.93
             1980 Net Densityb            12.5              14.5     30.2      39.9     18.0     18.63

             1980 Housing Densityc        4.3               5.4      10.7      13.1       8.5    6.61

             1970 Housing Densityc        4.0               4.0        9.8     12.9      4.6     5.75

             a  Gross Density is the number   of people per total acreage.

             b
                Net Density is the number of people per residential acre.
             C Housing Density is the number of dwelling units per residential acre.

             Source: Densi  ties calculated by consultant. Land Use figures via Beckman
                      and Associates, 1980.

                                                      -23-

            Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number One (1) is bounded by East Lake Road (and
            the G.E. grounds) on the south, the Lawrence Park Golf Course on the east, the
            City of Erie on the west and the Lake on the north. In terms of population
            size, this area places third to neighborhood area numbers five (5) and six (6).
            During the 1970-80 period, this neighborhood lost 239 persons which resulted
            in a 16.7% loss in total population. This represented the largest neighbor-
            hood population decline in the Township. Housing units have, however,
            slightly increased by 22 units. The reason for this loss is, therefore,
            tied to the previously described lower family size trend.

            Neighborhood Area One (1) is composed predominantly of post World War II housing
            and its overall quality is rated as excellent. The neighborhood is fortunate to
            have two (2) quality park areas within easy walking distance of all parts of
            the neighborhood. The few commercial uses that do exist are located along
            Route 5. These uses are not neighborhood oriented and are located on Route 5
            as a result of its arterial location attraction to motorists.

            No mixed land use problems were identified within the neighborhood and overall
            it has to be regarded as the most stable residential area in the Township.
            Zoning in the form of single family predominates and should be continued. No
            further commercial development along E. Lake Road past Joliette Avenue should
            be permitted as traffic movement is already a burden to access and egress
            from this residential area. Future growth will be limited to the vacant land
            which lies north of McDonalds and the Church property along the City line.
            The extension of Lakeside Drive and Cabot Avenue into this area should be con-
            sidered as well as connection to the City of Erie street system in the future
            design of the potential subdivision. Single family housing at existing density
            levels would represent the best use of this area, should this open land become
            marketable. An exception that should be considered would be use of the land
            as an elderly housing site.

            NeiShborhood Analysis Unit Number Two (2) is bounded by East Lake Road,
            Harborcreek Township, Neighborhood #1 and the Lake. The Lawrence Park Golf
            Course is the predominating use in this area, and next to the General Electric
            Company, the Golf Course is the major regional attraction within the Township.
            Its continued use as a golf course will provide the Township with protection
            of the Four Mile Creek Corridor from Lake Erie to Route 5, in addition to pro-
            viding a natural focal point for the capture of retail trade. While the goal
            of conservation should be primary, future economic realities may necessitate
            a reuse of the property. Considering the location and physiography of the
            land, the only acceptable development option which should be considered would
            be residential. While this should not be encouraged, a carefully developed
            planned residential development ordinance should be maintained that could be
            used as a discussion document between potential developers and the,
            Township. Use of cluster development approaches with mandatory open space and
            easement standards should be built into the ordinance so that future designs
            are compatible with the existing overall medium development density of the
            Township and so that the Four Mile Creek and coastal areas are fully preserved.
            Again, however, maintenance of this area as a conservation district should be
            a long-term objective of the Township.

                                                 -24-

           Neighborhood Analysis. Unit Number Three (3) is bounded by East Lake Road, the
           Golf Course, Iroquois Avenue, and Nagle Road on the Harborcreek Township line.
           This particular neighborhood is mainly constituted of older, pre-World War II
           single family and row-type housing on small lots. Overall, even though the
           housing is older, the neighborhood is very well maintained and the quality of
           housing is rated as excellent.

           Population within neighborhood three (3) has increased by 188 persons or 18.5%
           during the 1970-80 decade, due largely to new single family construction in
           the eastern portion of the neighborhood. According to Census data, there was
           a 30% increase (99 units) in dwelling units experienced during the past decade.

           While about 90% of the housing within neighborhood three (3) is owner occupied,
           17.9% of the entire Township's rental housing market is located in the neigh-
           borhood. Both population and housing density, however, are still at medium
           levels and internal density (persons per dwelling unit) is under the Township
           average.

           The predominant zoning of the neighborhood is and should continue to be R-1
           single family. Public use zoning is also concentrated within this neighborhood
           to protect Township and school district lands and facilities. The rental
           housing is fairly well contained within an R-2 residential district located
           south of Elbow Tree Park to Iroquois Avenue and from Rankine Avenue to the
           school district property east of Smithson Street. Further pressures for single
           to two family conversions, in some of the older and larger homes, could well be
           expected in areas adjacent to the R-2 District.

           Neighborhood three (3) also contains limited and specialized commercial and
           public service establishments along Iroquois Avenue, e.g. the State Police
           Barracks, a funeral home, and medical center. Future plans for the reuse of
           the Lawrence Park Primary School as an extended elderly care facility and a
           possible new regional criminal laboratory being constructed on the State Police
           property are currently being considered. Also, in proximity to the residential
           neighborhood is the Lawrence Park Branch of the County Library. All considered,
           there are no blighting influences in Neighborhood three (3).

           Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number Four (4) is a triangular area cordoned off by
           Iroquois Avenue, Main Street and Lawrence Parkway. This neighborhood has also
           witnessed a slight population increase (40 persons or 5.6% increase) during the
           past ten (10) years. Next to Neighborhood five (5), Neighborhood four (4) has
           the second highest amount of rental occupied units (79), and overall 30.7% of
           the Township's 257 rental units are found in this neighborhood. Most, if not
           all, of the 21 dwelling unit increase established by Neighborhood four (4) during
           the 1970-80 period was caused as a result of residential conversions. Much of
           the area, from Napier Avenue through Priestly Avenue, has been zoned as R-2
           which accommodates.two (2) family and multi-family conversions. This has created
           the second highest population density area in the Township. However, internal
           density (persons per unit) is still at a reasonable (and average) level.

           The predominant housing found in Neighborhood four (4) is row-type which was
           constructed prior to World War II. Half of the Township's central business
           district (CBD) is located in this neighborhood. The CBD will be discussed in
           the Land Use Plan section. Four Mile Creek Park is also located within this
           neighborhood which provides both active and passive recreational opportunities
           for the residents of the area.

                                                  -25-

            Potential problems facing Neighborhood four (4) that should cause concern on
            behalf of Township officials include continued residential conversions, ex-
            terior property maintenance, and housing deterioration via the aging process.
            These problems will create the need for combative zoning and housing code
            standards to protect the majority of investments in the area.

            Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number Five (5) is bounded by Main Street and
            Iroquois Avenue on the north, Lawrence Parkway on the west, the East Erie
            Commercial Railroad on the south and Nagle Road on the east.

            This particular neighborhood experienced the second highest population loss as
            132 persons less were recorded in 1980 than were counted in 1970. This 9.6%
            decline in population is a direct result of the smaller average family size
            experience of the Township. Even with this loss, Neighborhood five (5) is
            still the most heavily populated area in the Township (1,238 persons) and it
            also has the highest population density (12.8 persons per acre), despite the
            fact that its 408 dwelling units place only third highest (Neighborhoods 1 and
            3 are above) among the six (6) neighborhoods in the Township. The reason for
            this can be found in the 100 resident population of the Twinbrook Medical Center
            and the higher persons per unit figure which this creates. When consideration
            to this fact is given and the group home population is deducted, a more reason-
            able rate of 2.79 persons per unit is resultant, which is just under the
            Township average of 2.82 persons per unit.

            Approximately 25% of the neighborhood's 408 dwelling units are renter occupied
            and overall, the 101 rental units constitute about 40% of the total rental
            market (257 units) in the Township. Once again, the predominant housing type
            is pre-World War II row housing. It should be noted that while the exterior
            housing quality survey found this neighborhood's housing stock to be in good
            condition overall, there are several visible deteriorating structures that
            if not corrected, could be the impetus for future blight. Once again, as was
            the case in Neighborhood four (4), property maintenance is also regarded as
            an issue and the overall age of the housing stock should eventually warrant a
            conservation program.

            The neighborhood contains about a 60% to 40% mix of R-1 (single) to R-2 (multi)
            family zoning respectively and while the recent ten year period resulted in
            only seven (7) additional dwelling units being created in the neighbor-
            hood, future rental conversion pressures are a possibility. As density
            levels within this neighborhood, especially the area west of Rankine Avenue
            to Four Mile Creek Park, are already the highest in the Township, it would be
            wise to consider future limitations on new conversions that create multi-
            family structures. The net residential density of this area is approximately
            40 persons to each residential acre of land and there are 13.1 dwelling units
            per residential acre. Both of these statistics are highs for the Township
            and are reaching the point of being dangerous to overall neighborhood stability.

            The other land uses of Neighborhood five (5) are the remaining half of the
            CBD (to be discussed separately later), the Township's Four Mile Creek Park
            system, the Iroquois School District property and industrial property at the
            foot of Bell Street and at the intersection of Iroquois and Nagle Roads. While
            mixed land use problems are not obvious, the close proximity of the East Erie
            Commercial Rail'road system and the industrial use at the foot of Bell Street
            add disruptive forces to the primary residential character of the neighborhood.

                                                  -26-

             Neighborhood Analysis Unit Number Six (6) is 98% composed of the industrial'
             land holdings of the General Electric Company', the rail systems and the
             industrial property south of the tracks abutting Harborcreek Township. The
             land that remains houses the smallest amount of the Township's population and
             the predominant form of housing is the mobile home due to the location of
             Gindy's Mobile Home Park which is located south of the rail right-of-way on
             land which is,currently zoned B-1 local business. The,residents of the mobile
             home park are geographically isolated from the remainder of Lawrence Park due
             to the rail system and lack of an immediate north traffic or pedestrian way.
             Due to this factor, there is more of a local government identity with nearby
             Wesleyville Borough and Harborcreek Township on behalf of the park residents.
             Due to the addition of new mobile homes in the park, the population of
             Neighborhood six (6) increased by 81 persons during the.1970-80 period and
             this accounted for a 69.2% population increase, which percentage-wise repre-
             sented the Township's largest increase (numerically, it ranke&second to
             Neighborhood three (3).

             The remaining residential area is located north of the tracks (and south of
             Bell Street) and consists of approximately twenty (20) single family homes
             and one (1) multi-unit. More than half of these units are renter occupied.

             Future industrial use represents the most likely investments within this
             neighborhood and concern should be given to screening from adjacent neighbor-
             hoods as well as giving'pri*ority to industries that could benefit from the
             existing rail systems.

             Neighborhood Synopsis

             In order to determine the overall soundness and generally rate each neighborhood
            .in the Township, a scoring matrix was developed and applied to a number of
             variables. The following chart includes the results of the,neighborhood scoring.
             Each variable (listed in the vertical column) held a spread of points ranging
             from 0-5. The highest score possible was 40-po'ints. The first four (4) variables
             in'the chart were rated on the basis of rank while the final four (4),variables
             were rated subjectively based on in-kield survey by the consultant., Neighborhood
             number two (2) was not ranked as it is the Golf Course property.,

                                                   -27-

                                                   Table 13

                                            Lawrence Park Township
                                 Comparative Neighborhood Characteristics
                                                 Rating Matrix

                                 % of
                                Occupied       Net Density      Housing       Persons       Sub
             Neighborhood       Housing       of Po2ulation     Density      Per Unit      Total

                  1                                  5              5            1          16
                  3                 A                .4             4            4          16
                  4                 1                2              2            2            7
                  5                 2                1              1            3            7
                  6                 3                3              3            5          14

                                               Housing                      Land Use
             Neighborhood       Amenities      Quality     Aesthetics      Solidarity      Total

                  1                 5             5             5               5           20
                  3                 5             4             4               4           17
                  4                 3             3             3               3           12
                  5                 2             3             3               3           11
                  6                 1             3             3               3           10

                                Total
             Neighborhood       Points         Rank

                  1               36           First
                  3               33           Second
                  4               19           Fourth
                  5               18           Fifth
                  6               24           Third

             Source: Consultant

             It is important to note that the scoring method used is grounded in comparative
             analysis. In other words, the ranking is in relation to Lawrence Park only; the
             lowest ranked neighborhoods (Numbers 4 and 5) could well be rated much higher in
             other communities.

                                                    -28-

             Also, it is important to note that other factors, which were not readily avail-
             able on a.neighborhood basis via Census releases (such as poverty level inhabi-
             tants, value of housing, and interior housing quality), could very well-alter
             the results of this comparison. Generally, however, it is felt that the in-
             dicators used..herein are representative of meaningful neighborhood comparative
             data.

                                                  -29-

                                                  TOWNSHIP FISCAL ANALYSIS

              This  analysis presents a summary of recent trends in revenues and expenditures
              for Lawrence Park Township as wel        '1 as a projection of the short-range fiscal
              situation of the Township. The intent of this analysis is to determine the
              Township's general capability to finance future capital projects and services.

              The following table represents a simplified version of the Township's receipt
              experience for the past five (5) years. Detailed breakdowns of each category
              can be found in the respective Annual Audit and Financial Report for the given
              year in which it was prepared and submitted to the State.

                                                           Table 14

                                                      summary of Receipts
                                                   Lawrence Park Township
                                                           1978-1982

              Receipts                       1978           1979            1980             1981           1982

              Tax Receipts
              Real Estate                $   220,835      $ 220,576      $  228,986      $   249,572    $   156,382
              Occupation                                       _0.@.;          -0-             -0-           49,445
              Act 511                        395,089        411,761         475,478          437,527        421,720
              Total Taxes                    615,924      $ 632,338      $  724,464      $   687,099    $   627,547

              Other Revenue
              Licenses & Permits         $      2,890     $    3,091     $     2,818     $   12,805     $       7,566
              Fines, Forfeits,,Cost            10,174          13,160        12,.046         @12,189         12,168
              Interest & Rents               128,430        240,154         278,782          355,463        347,007
              Grants & Gifts                 171,469        165,635         182,817          174,359        195,261
              Departmental Earnings             7,325          7,030           6,394         93,696         212,354
              Special Assessments &
                   Liens                        3,787          -0-             -0-            -0-             -0-
              Miscellaneous Revenue               429       131,720          96,152          32,766
              Total Other Revenue            324,503      $ 560,789      $  579,009      $ 681,280      $   826,444

              Total Taxes &
              OtherRevenue               $   940,427      $1,193,127     $1,303,474      $1,368,379     $1,453,990
              Non-Revenuel               $   407,775      $ 380,674      $  481,284      $ 600,285      $   615,089
              Cash Balance2             ($     29,034)    $   33,075     $   67,507      $   86,251     $   118,130
              Securities &
                Investments3             $   490,798      $ 705,589      $  630,000      $ 775,000      $   895,000
              GRAND TOTAL                $lL809_,965      $2,312;465     $22482 265      $2,829,915     $3  082 210

              1   Interfund Transfers are included.
              2
              3   Cash balance from previous year.
                  Securities & Investments held at beginning of           the year.

              Note: Totals may not add exactly due to rounding.

              Source: Annual Audit and Financial Reports of Lawrence Park (1978-1982).

                                                            -30-

            RECEIPTS

            Tax Revenues of the Township come from several sources: the real estate tax,
            the occupation privilege tax, the wage or earned income tax, the real estate
            transfer tax, and the small mechanical devices tax. All but the standard real
            estate tax are products of Pennsylvania Act 511 of 1965, the Local Tax En-
            abling Act.

            By far, the largest tax receipt comes from the local wage tax. This tax comes
            from all working Township residents and is a fixed one(l) percent tax that is
            shared evenly between the Township and the School District. Over the past five
            (5) years, the wage tax has constituted 65.14% of all taxes received by the
            Township. The wage tax reached a high in 1980 when $459,367 was collected.
            Due to the recent recession, this tax resource fell by $55,135 or 12% by the
            end of 1982. The wage tax and all other Act 511 taxes are shown in the
            following table. The Occupation Privilege Tax, which is a $10.00 per head tax
            charged to all who work in Lawrence Park, is a new tax which will offer the
            Township (and the School District which shares half of the tax) some relief
            over the decreasing wage tax and its recent loss in assessed valuation caused
            by the General Electric Company's appeal.

            The real estate (deed) transfer tax generation also shows signs of being
            affected by the current recession as it is down from late 1970 decade levels.
            The transfer tax is a 2% tax which is collected by the County and split evenly
            with the State and the Township, on the occasion of real estate sales.

            The small mechanical devices tax is a flat $50.00 tax on amusement machines in
            the Township, and is the smallest tax revenue producer.

                                                  Table 15

                                       Act "511" Local Tax Generation

                         Occupation        Real Estate     Mechanical
            Year        Privilege Tax       Transfer        Devices       Wage Tax       Total

            1978            -0-              $23,691         $1,800         $3691599   $395,090
            1979            -0-              21,822          1,750          388,190    411,761
            1980            -0-              14,660          1,450          459,367    475,478
            1981            -0-              15,869          1,500          420,158    437,527
            1982         $49,445             15,088          2,400          404,232    471,165

            Source: Lawrence Park Annual Audit and Financial Reports (1978-1982).

            Next to the wage tax, the real estate property tax is the highest tax revenue source.
            This tax reached its historical high in 1981, at $249,572. However, an assessment
            appeal was made and relief was granted in County Court to the General Electric
            Company. This reduction in assessed valuation was the reason for the decline of
            close to $93,190 of real estate tax dollars in the year 1982. In terms with the
            1981 court settlement, the General Electric Company was awarded with a declining
            assessment base which will hit a low in the year 1985 and stabilize at 3.1 million
            in 1986. The following table includes the 1981 court approved General Electric

                                                   -31-

             assessment rates as well as what these annual (40% Assessed Valuation) figures
             can be expected to generate in actual taxes. Comparative, pre-court settlement,
             years of 1979 and-1980 are also included.

                                                    Table 16

                                      General Electric Company Assessment

             Tax Year             40% Assessed Valuation            Millage            Tax Levy

              1979                      $169100,000                   8.75             $157,121
              1980                      $11,300,000                   9.75             .$110,175
              1981                      $ 8,700,000                   9.75             $ 84,825
              1982                      $ 6,5009000                   9.75             $ 63,375
              1983                      $ 49700,000                   9.75             $ 45,825
              1984                      $ 39200,000                   9.75             $ 31,200
              1985                      $ 2,400,000                   9.75             $ 23,400
              1986                      $ 3,100,000                   9.75             $ 30,225

             Source: Lawrence Park Township Records, 1983.

             The above figures do not include recent real property     construction of the General
             Electric Company. The following figures represent the 40% assessed valuation
             level of the General Electric Company with new development added on top of the
             figures negotiated at the 1981 court settlement (as listed in the previous table):
             1983 - $5,760,620; 1984 - $49348,806; 1985 - $3,546,271; and 1986 - $4,246,291.

             As General Electric Company property taxes have annually (prior to 1981) averaged
             well over 50% of the total real estate tax levy of the Township, the upcoming
             court approved schedule and new method of assessing new property added at the
             General Electric plant will adversely affect the revenue producing means of the
             property tax in Lawrence Park. For example, during the year 1979, the tax levy
             on the General Electric assessed valuation was $157,121 or 69.9% of the total
             Township levy of $224,640, while during the current year 1983 (which includes an
             additional $13,648,825 in new property added at the plant), the General Electric
             levy is down to $56,166 or 37.2% of the total levy.

             The overall real estate tax situation of the Township for the past five (5) years
             is included in the following table:

                                                     -32-

                                                      Table 17

                                 Trends in Assessed Valuation & Taxes Generated
                                              Lawrence Park Township
                                                      1978-1982

                                 Assessed        Millage                     Taxes          Taxes
             Year              Valuation 40%      Rate       Tax Levy     Collected      Outstanding

             1978               $25,606,812       8.75       $224,060     $220,835          $3,175
             1979               $25,673,140       8.75       $224,640     $220,576          $1,302
             1980               $25,700,488       9.75       $250,580     $248,987          $1,453
             1981               $25,762,456       9.75       $251,186      .$249,572        $1,520
             1982               $16,234,336       9.75       $158,285     $156,382          $1,330

             Source: Lawrence Park Annual Audit and Financial Reports (1978-1982).

             Last, in relation to taxes, the Township still has much of its taxing potential
             available should future revenue needs so dictate. The accompanying table, as ex-
             tracted from the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs Taxation Manual (1980)
             is included for future reference.

                                                      Table 18

                                               First Class Townships
                        Potential Tax Sources                                     Legal  Limit1
                        GENERAL PURPOSE TAX LEVIES                                           2
                          Real Estate                                               30 Mills 2
                          Occupation                                                30 Mills
                          Act 511 Taxes
                            Per Capita                                                $10
                            Occupation   (Flat Rate)                                  $10
                            Occupation   (Millage)                                 No Limit
                            Occupational Privilege                                    $10
                            Earned Income                                               1%
                            Deed Transfer                                               1%
                            Mechanical Devices                                     No Limit
                            Amusement                                                 10%
                            Mercantile                                       1 Mill Wholesale
                                                                             l-2 Mills Retail
                            Business Privilege                                     No Limit
                        SPECIAL PURPOSE TAXES                                                3
                          Firehouses and Equipment                                   3 Mills
                          Shade Trees                                                    Mill
                          Municipal Building                                       No Limit
                          Debt Service                                             No Limit
                          Pensions and Retirement                                   1/2 Mill
                          Fire and Water District                                   2 Mills
                          Permanent Improvement Fund                                5 Mills
                          Recreation                                               No Limit
                          Library                                                   3 Mills
                          Ambulance and Rescue Squads                               1/2 Mill

                                                       -33-

                             Home rule townships may set rates higher than the limits         pro-
                             vided in state law for property@taxes and for personal taxes
                             levied on residents. They may not create-new subjects of
                             taxation.

                         2
                             Five additional mills available     with court  approval.

                         3
                             Higher rate may be approved by voters in referendum..

                         Source:, Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, Taxation
                                   Manual, 1980.

              Grants from federal, state and Erie County government also comprise a major portion
              of,the Township's revenue resources. Categorically, grants and gifts placed third
              highest in the Township's 1982 year's receipts experience. The $889,541 in grants
              that 'have been brought in during the past five (5) years has enabled the,Township
              to'directly and supplementally (with other Township finances) finance numerous
              projects. The following table includes the'components of the-annual grant re-
              sources of the Township. The two (2) major mainstay grants (State Liquid Fuels and
              Revenue Sharing) constituted 79% of all grants received in 1982, which was the high
              year for grants received. Both of these grants are based upon formulas that take
              various factors into effect. State Liquid Fuels is based upon the municipality's
              population and road mileage for the return of the state gasoline tax and revenue
              sharing is based,upon a three (3) part formula that considers population, per ,
              capita income and the expenditures of a community. It is anticipated that both
              of these grants-will be continuing.

                                                       .Table 19

                                              Grants.RecOaived by Source
                                                Lawrence Park Township@
                                                        1978-1982

                                 State       Federal     County
                                Highway      Revenue     Liquid     Public          Other
              Year               Fund        Sharing      Fuel      Utility      Grants/Gifts       Totals

              1978              $23,979    $100,071     $  4,250    $5,275         $37,844        $171,469
              1979              $24,721    $105,913         _O_*    $5,993         $29,008        $165,635
              1980              $27,678    $113,549         -0-*    $5,741         $35,850        $182,817
              1981              $24,906-   $116,165     $ 4,250     $8,305         $20,734        $174,359
             .1982              $40,563    $112,814     $13,040     $7,239         $21,605        $195,261

                 Grant held in escrow account for Township, used in 1982.

              Source: Annual Audit and Financial Reports of Township (1978-1982).

                                                         -34-

             The category entitled "Other Grants/Gifts" includes various single purpose grants
             generally always awarded for a one year period. Categorical (federal or state)
             grants are the most volatile and cannot be counted on for budgeting purposes.
             The County Liquid Fuels and Public Utility grants, while small, can, however,
             be expected to be ongoing,grant receipt resources.

             Other Revenue receipts brought into the Township are derived, in order of impor-
             tance, through: interest, departmental earnings, miscellaneous revenue, fines/
             forfeits and costs,, licenses and permits, and special assessments., The overall
             revenue category, excluding grants, has risen 412.45% during the past five (5)
             years from $153,034 in 1978 to $631,183. Interest earned by the Township has
             been the major contributor to this rapid rise as-interest has grown by $218,577
             o-r 270.19% from $128,430 in-1978 to $347,007 in 1982. Interest in 1982 accounted
             for 54.97% of the total "Other Revenue" (excluding grants). The major source of
             interest income is from the "Special Revenue Fund" which provided $229,568 in
             1982. This amount came from,thd return of interest on unclaimed wage tax receipts.

             Departmental earnings have been up the past two years due to sanitary sewer in-
             stallations and billings.  Miscellaneous revenue of $52,087 in 1982 was made up
             of $2,832'from Cable T..V., $1,817 from Fire Insurance, and $47,438 from the Police
             and Municipal Pension Funds. The remainder of the "Other Revenue" category, i.e.
             fin*es, forfeits, licenses and permits, are summarized in the table at the beginning
             of this analysis (see Table 14).

             Non-Revenue Receipts provide the final category. The majority of receipts under
             this listing do not alter the net value of Township assets, for they are mainly
             -interfund transfers. A receipt of $12,736 was, however, recorded in this cate-
             gory in 1982 via contractual payments from the Pennsylvania Department of Trans-
             portation for snow removal.

             EXPENDITURES

             The major categories of the Township's expenditure experience for the years
             1978-1982 are shown,on Table 20. Again, for a detailed breakdown of individual
             categories the reader is referred to the appropriate year's Annual Audit and
             Financial Report of the Township. The following table breaks the expenditures
             experience of the Township into two (2) basic categories: Government and
             Non-Government.

                                                   -35-

                                                     Table 20

                                             Summary of Expenditures
                                             Lawrence Park Township
                                                     1978-1982

            Expenditures             1978            1979         1980           1981          1982

            Government
            Expenditures
              Administration     $ 120,135     $    46,186    $   67,434    $    68,542    $   99,690
              Tax Collection           6,801         9,595         9,888         10,439        11,832
              Munic. Buildings       17,691         19,258        33,077         20,794        90,008
              Police                 167,059        206,034      212,325         207,166       260,633
              Fire                   20,969         50,839        56,612         19,089        20,850
              Planning-Zoning-
                 Reg.                  3,902        10,567         9,453         17,196          7,060
              Civil Defense            -0-               94        -0-                20           261
              Health &
                 Sanitation          184,031        210,283      242,982         308,473       331,259
              Highways               161,214        586,063      344,913         329,832       203,050
              Library                  3,000         3,000         3,000           3,000         3,000
              Parks &
                 Recreation          49,807         55,679        67,921         70,878        77,576
              Miscellaneous          35,688         41,214       103,732         69,214        42,605
              Interest                    774        -0-           -0-            -0-           -0-
              Municipal
                        ,  4         (6,270)         6,270        (5,738)        (5,738)       (5,738)
                Authority

            Total Government     $ 771,070     $1,245,082     $1,151,340. $1,124@643       $1,147,824
            Non-Governmentl      $ 389,006     $ 369,875      $ 469,674     $ 692,142      $ 625,775
            Cash Balance2        $   32,867    $    67,507    $   86,251    $ 118,130      $ 647,856

            Securities &
              Investments3       $ 617,022     $ 630,000      $ 775,000     $ 895,000      $1,095,000

            GRAND TOTAL          $1,809,965    $2,312,465     $2,482,265     -$2,829,915   $3,082,210

            1  Non-Governmental includes transfers to other funds.

            2
               Cash Balance left at the end of the year.
            3  Securities and Investments held at the end of the year.
            4
               Represents the Township's pledge to the Tri-Community Recreation Authority. The
               annual pledge is made via the Township's Special Reserve Fund and totals shown
               during the 1978-1982 period are included within the Recreation or Miscellaneous
               expenditure categories.

            Note: Totals may not add exactly due to rounding.

            Source: Annual Audit and Financial Reports of Lawrence Park (1978-1982).

                                                       -36-

           Government expenditures have risen $376,754 or 49% from the $771,070 spent in
           1978 to the $1,147,824 in 1982. This rate of expenditure has been well under
           the total of receipts (tax and other revenue) which rose by $513,563 or 55%
           during the same period.

           The highest annual governmental expenditures over the past five (5) years were:
           highway related expenses ($1,625,072), health and sanitation ($1,277,028) and
           police ($1,053,217). Altogether, these three (3) basic Township services
           made up 72.7% of the total government expenditures during the past five (5)
           years, with highways accounting for 29.9%, health and sanitation 23.5% and police
           19.3%. The remaining 27.3% of the Township's annual expenditures during the
           past five (5) years was not dominated by any one spending category.

           It is interesting to note that, while spending increases have occurred in most
           categories, that the record indicates numerous fluctuating (rise and fall)
           spending experiences on a year to year basis. Only two (2) categories (Health
           and Sanitation and Parks and Recreation) have exhibited straight line increases
           during the past five (5) years.

           Due to capital equipment and operating needs, annual expenses under both the
           municipal building and fire protection categories have fluctuated. The Lawrence
           Park Volunteer Fire Company annually conducts fund raising and, therefore, the
           monies shown in Table 20 represent only Township governmentts direct contribu-
           tion. For example, during the year 1982, close to $40,000 in additional revenue
           was generated by the Fire Company as a result of its fund raising activities.

           Non-Government Expenses of the Township, as was the case with most of the non-
           revenue receipts, were almost completely comprised of bookkeeping transfers and
           as such, this category of expenses is  irrelevant to the fiscal analysis.

           Cash Balances remaining at the end of  each budget year have been maintained.
           Most of the cash balance monies are a  result of the Special Reserve Fund via
           the Earned Income or Wage Tax. These   monies are normally transferred to the
           General Fund and the Investment Funds  for use in the following year. The
           Cash Balance amount at the end of the  year has been extremely important to the
           Township in the past two (2) years in  enabling it to compensate for the revenue
           decline caused by the General Electric reassessment.

           Securities and Investments of the Township have increased at a healthy rate
           during the past five (5) years to over the one million dollar mark. The
           cumulative five (5) year growth rate of 77.46% rendered an average 15.49% in-
           crease in the cash holding accounts of the Township., Of the 1982 year-end
           balance, $636,000 or 58% of the total $1,095,000 in securities and investments
           was held in the Capital Reserve Fund. The remaining investments were held in
           the six (6) other active operating funds of the Township.

           Borrowing Capacity is the term used to signal the extent to which Township
           government can incur debt. Borrowing capacity is regulated by State law and
           is determined specifically by a formula prescribed by the Pennsylvania Local
           Government Unit Debt Act. For Lawrence Park Township, borrowing capacity is
           equal to 250% of its "borrowing base". The borrowing base is the average of
           total revenues (less certain exclusions) of the General Fund for the three (3)

                                                  -37-

             most recent years, which for the period 1980-82, gave the Township a $1,191,135
             figure for the year 1983. The application of the aforementioned formula
             ($1,191,135 x 250%) renders a $2,977,838 Non-Electoral Debt Limitation for
             Lawrence Park. This figure represents the maximum aggregate indebtedness that
             the Township can accumulate at any given time without the approval of the
             electorate. As the Township has no debts incurred, it is at 100% of its
             borrowing capacity.

             FISCAL PROJECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

             In order to determine the future availability of funds for-the operating and
             capital expenditure needs of the Township, a basic projection of revenue was
             made. The primary purpose of this projection is to provide insight into the
             Township's potential financial situation for the ensuing five year period.based
             upon recent trends and known or anticipated short-term events. In order to
             project future income, a variety of methods were used. Each normal recurring
             income source included within the previous fiscal analysis was projected
             separately based upon various assumptions and/or factors. Some of the major
             assumptions and factors used in the revenue projection series are as follows:

             - Population and housing growth will be very minimal during the upcoming five
               (5) years and the bulk of new tax value added will be via commercial and
               industrial property.

             - Current (1983) tax and assessment rates have been utilized throughout the
               projection period. No County-wide reassessment is expected.

             - The General Electric Company assessment and subsequent tax take of the
               Township will be based upon 'the 1981 court settlement and the value of
               new construction added at a fixed percentage rate of 7.77% which was
               derived during the 1979-83 experience. In regards to the latter, $13,648,825
               worth of new construction was added and the 40% assessed valuation was cal-
               culated at $1,060,620 or 7.77% of total value. The 40% assessment figures
               projected for the General Electric Company are as follows: 1983    $5,760,620;
               1984 - $4,348,806; 1985 - $3,546,271; and-1986 to 1988   $4,246,271.

             - The current recession which has recently resulted-in high unemployment among
               the Township's work force will continue to affect the earned income tax re-
               ceipts of the Township through 1983, with marked improvement expected in
               1984 and thereafter.

             - The wage tax will continue to be the largest tax receipt, followed in impor-
               tance by the real estate tax, occupational privilege and remaining "existing"
               Act 511 taxes. No new taxes or higher levies in existing rates of taxation
               have been programmed.

             - Single purpose categorical grants have not been projected due to funding un-
               knowns. No substantial gain is expected in the normal formula based (i.e.
               Revenue Sharing and Liquid Fuels) grants annually received by the Township
               due to growth conditions.

                                                  -38-

                  Most of the "Other Revenue" items received by the         Township will increase
                  either proportionately to past experience or will         be maintained at an
                  average (1978-82) level.

                  Interest earned on securities and investments will continue to be a major
                  source of income to the Township. However, the increase will not be as
                  dramatic as experienced in the.1978-82 period due to less investing and
                  lower interest rates. Interest earned on the unclaimed wage tax will be
                  reduced-to around $100,000 during the 1984-88 period.

              With the preceding in view, the following income         projections   were developed    for
              the Township for the years 1983-1988:

                                                         Table 21

                                                 Lawrence Park Township
                                    Five Year ir-ojected Revenue & Other Receipts

          Revenue
          Source          1983           1984           1985          :1986           1987           198,8

          Real
          Estate     $   149,150    $   136,295    $   129,528    $ 138,198       $ 139,643      $ 141,088
          Tax*

          Act 511
          Taxes          442,000        487,000        5,04,000        546,000       574,000        594,000

          Total
          Tax        $   591,150    $   623,295    $. 633,528     $ 684,198       $ 713,643      $  735,088
          Revenue

         .Grants     $   213,890    $   186,700    $   192,650    $ 193,350       $  205,750     $  213,250

          Other
          Revenue    $   437,810    $   447;000    $   456,000    $ 475,000       $  480,000     $  510,000

          Total      $1,242,850     $1,256,995                    $1,352,548      $1,399,393     $1,458,338

          Source: Consultant's'projections.

          Overall, the above income projections indicate a slight 17.3% five (5) year increase.
          As the.current year is projected@to be under the amount of receipts generated in 1982
          ($1,453,990), the amount projected for the year 1988 indicates that the Township will
          be forced to base future budgets on a static revenue producing basis.

          The above projections do not include non-revenue transactions, cash balances or
          securities and investments held by the -Township. Currently, considering the Township's
          debt free situation and investments held, the financial health of the Township should
          be considered well above average. There is, however, cause for short-term concern,
          due mainly to the loss of General. Electric Company assessment and the anticipated
          lower rate of receipt of the unclaimed wage tax and interest earned on it, that

                                                           -39-

               should create the need for more serious financial planning by the Township in
               the future in order that needed capital projects may be implemented and that
               Township services may be continued at its current quality level.

               The following general recommendations would also benefit the Township in meeting
               its objective of fiscal responsibility:

                      (1)   Develop and annually update a local capital improvements program
                            that covers a minimum and ongoing period of five (5) years.

                      .(2)  Continue the pursuit of state and federal funds, to               aid in
                            financing necessary local projects and programs that are beyond
                            full local participation.

                      (3)   Evaluate proposals for new development in terms of additional
                            tax revenues produced versus increased costs of service to the
                            Township.

                      (4)   Adopt subdivision and land development regulations to protect
                            the Township by having the developer pay for all improvements
                            at inception.

                      (5)   Commission independent financial feasibility studies to determine
                            the cost-effectiveness of contracting versus Township operation
                            of public services, i.e. street maintenance and refuse collection.

                                                               -40-

                                 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

            The Comprehensive Plan for Lawrence  Park Township contains five basic compo-
            nents: (1) a Statement of Goals and Objectives which are the foundation of
            the Comprehensive Plan, (2) the Land Use Plan, (3) the Housing Plan, (4) the
            Transportation Plan, and (5) the Community Facilities and Utilities Plan. The
            Comprehensive Plan is a.development guide for Lawrence Park Township to the
            target year 2000. It is comprised of a series of recommendations which, if
            implemented, can assist in promoting and guiding community development. The
            power to implement the Plan recommendations rests with the elected Township
            Commissioners. It is this group of individuals that decides when and what
            recommendations are to be executed. Planning, however, is a continuing pro-
            cess and the Planning Commission, in its role as the major community advisory
            group to the Township Commissioners, must provide regular guidance to the local
            decision making process.

            COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

            Fundamentally, the community planning process involves the intelligent gui-
            dance and control of a municipality's growth and improvement.. Community
            planning is based on the premise that existing conditions can be improved,
            future needs can be fulfilled, and steps can be undertaken to.develop and
            maintain a desirable physical, social and economic environment within the
            community.

            In planning, it is an axiom that every municipality is unique, and no stan-
            dardized concepts or patterns of development can be expected to validly apply
            to all communities. Rather, it is necessary that each community decide for
            itself how it wants to grow and the kind of community it wants to be. There-
            fore, the first step in formulating a comprehensive planning program for
            Lawrence Park is to determine general goals and objectives which will reflect
            what it expects or hopes to achieve through planning.

            A goal can be defined as a desirable state toward which one is working. To
            maintain their long-term validity, the goals must be general in nature and
            reflect the desire to provide an attractive community with quality neighbor-
            hoods, schools, recreation facilities and other public facilities, plus
            employment opportunities.

            Planning objectives describe specific facets of each goal in terms of attain-
            able conditions and thereby indicate more precisely the individual components
            that make up the goal. From these plan goals and objectives, one can then
            begin to analyze a communityfs characteristics and develop specific recommen-
            dations or projects to intelligently guide and control a municipality's growth
            and improvement.

            Land Use Goal

            To maintain and perpetuate a land use pattern which includes a wide variety
            of inter-related land uses in proper proportion to the needs and land area of
            the Township, and one which provides compatibility with existing neighborhood
            development and the natural environment.

                                                  -41-

               Objectives

               (1)   Protect the existing residential neighborhoods of the Township from
                     future mixed land uses that would alter and deter the living
                     environment.

               (2)   Require high property maintenance standards of all property owners in
                     the Township.

               (3)   Limit the strip commercial development on East Lake Road to the north
                     side from the City line to Joliette Avenue.

               (4)   Maintain the pure single family residential character of neighborhood
                     unit number one (1).

               (5)   Reserve all public and institutional lands within the Township for the
                     environmental, recreation, education, aesthetic, cultural and civic
                     needs of existing and future residents.

               (6)   Limit and confine apartment and multi-family residential to its current
                     location in order to avoid high density neighborhood situations and
                     further encroachment within single family areas.

               (7)   Require that any major, new subdivision provide a density of development
                     that is consistent with adjacent neighborhoods.

               (8)   Promote the revitalization of the Central Business District by
                     encouraging private and public investments.

               (9)-  Reserve the lands south of the East Erie Commercial Railroad for future
                     industrial use, and maintain existing designated industrial zones at
                     present scale for short-term expansion needs.

               Environmental Goals

               To preserve, enhance and coordinate the natural and man-made environment of the
               Township.

               (1)   Restrict new development within the environmental corridors of the Town-
                     ship and prohibit structural development within identified flood plain
                     areas.

               (2)   Promote the use of aesthetically pleasing landscaping practices in all
                     new development.

               (3)   Encourage the elimination, isolation or screening of all scenic detriments.

               (4)   Avoid further structural encroachment on the Lake Erie bluffs.

               (5)   Control the use of signs in terms of number, size, type and location and
                     encourage attractiveness and uniformity in their design.

                                                              -42-

            (6) Promote innovative development concepts such as planned residential
                development which encourages variety in neighborhood design and man-
                dates the reservation of common open space.

            (7) Maintain and enforce provisions to accommodate the safe runoff of storm
                water and protect the storm water channels.

            Housing Goal

            Provide adequate housing for the present and future residents of Lawrence Park
            Township.

            (1) Maintain the diversity in housing types and residential neighborhoods so
                that a reasonable choice of living environment is possible.

            (2) Preserve the existing housing stock through the use of public and private
                actions and incentives that encourage housing quality and maintenance.

            (3) Eliminate substandard housing units by removing those which cannot be
                salvaged and by rehabilitating those units that can be feasibly salvaged.

            (4) To encourage residential apartment type uses at reasonable density as a
                secondary use in the Central Business District.

            (5) To assist the low and moderate income elderly of the Township and main-
                tain their residence in the community through development of public
                housing in a convenient location.

            (6) Protect and preserve structures and neighborhoods that are historically
                significant.

            (7) Restrict further apartment conversions within established single family
                dwellings.

            Transportation Goal

            To provide the safe and convenient circulation and movement of goods and people
            within the Township and to points beyond utilizing all methods practical.

            (1) Provide for the separation of through and local traffic in order to
                facilitate movement both within the community and between neighboring
                municipalities.

            (2) Coordinate and integrate the transportation systems of the Township with
                that of the region.

            (3) Protect the traffic capacity of all roads in the Township with specific
                emphasis on East Lake Road, Iroquois Avenue and Lawrence Parkway.

            (4) Promote safe and convenient internal traffic movement within the Township
                by eliminating dangerous road conditions, hazardous intersections and the
                avoidance of future indirect connections to existing highways.

                                                 -43-

             (5) Provide for pedestrian walkways wherever warranted by vehicular traffic
                 and other activities.

             (6) Provide for adequate street systems and off-street parking in all future
                 developments.

             (7) Provide for public mass transit services in conjunction with the Erie
                 Metropolitan Transit Authority.

             (8) Provide safe bikeways along the Township's major arteries that connect
                 with adjacent community bikeways.

             Public Facilities and Services Goal

             To provide for facilities, services and utilities of the quantity and quality
             necessary to meet the physical, social, safety, cultural and recreation needs
             of the Township and to do so in a fiscally responsive manner.

             (1) Maintain adequate police and fire protection throughout the community.

             (2) Provide for adequate public water and sewer services in all areas of the
                 community where existing or planned development or population densities
                 warrant such services.

             (3) Maintain a community parks and recreation system offering a wide range of
                 recreational opportunities for local residents within walking distance of
                 all neighborhoods.

             (4) Provide for orderly and timely expenditures through capital improvements
                 programming to reflect the public facility needs of the community.

             (5) Provide for adequate Township facilities for the effective management
                 of the community.

                                                  -44-

                                                                                                                           CITY   OF   ERIE

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             On the existing land use map,  these lands are depicted according to actual
             functional use. For example,  Township Parks are shown  as recreational while
             structural facilities such as  schools and churches are.designated institutional
             irregardless of ownership. The Land Use Plan (see map) accommodates most all    of
             the existing public and institutional lands as well as a few privately owned
             (e.g. the Lawrence Park Golf Course and some General Electric 'Property) lands
             under the Conservation category. The remaining public and institutional uses
             that are not included within the Conservation designation (e.g. churches) are
             uses which should blend in within any particular overall land use designation
             (e.g. residential or commercial) and should be accommodated within zoning
             policies.
             The Conservation District's maj*o'r purpose is to retain land that is necessary
             for the environmental (flood plain and storm drainage), educational, and
             recreational needs of the Township. Perhaps the most visible and necessary
             portion of the Conservation-Plan is the open space buffer between the General
             Electric Plant and the residential neighborhoods.centered on Main Street.
             Presently, zoning allows for commercial development within this area. The
             provision was incorporated to accommodate off-street parking on this site.
             While the zoning should accommodate off-street parking, it should not allow
             for potential changes to commercial. The longer term impact of the Water
             Street Expressway proposal could also exert commercial pressures in the area
             and this should not be encouraged since it would adversely affect the safety
             and traffic carrying capacity of the improved road system as well as impact
             on the adjacentresidential neighborhoods.

             Vacant

             The amount of potentially developable land that remains. in-Lawrence Park is
             limited and comprises about 163 acres or 13.8% of the total land area of the
             Township. Not all of this vacant land is residential in current or preferred
             designation via zoning. About 90-100 acres of the,total is located south'of
             the East Erie Commercial Railroad and is either owned by various rail systems
             that occupy the ar ea, the Pennsylvania Electric Company, or private concerns.

             .The Lawrence Park Golf Course, which is. categorized as a recreational land use,
             several other parks, easements and right-of-ways of utility companies are not
             included as vacant lands as all are being used according to their intended
             function.

             The ramifications of t'his'limited land situation have been discussed and were
             taken into consideration in the population analysis (see Table 8). The land
             use plan proposes that all vacant lands be developed in the future and that
             the only two (2) forms of development that are acceptable are residential and
             industrial in nature. The single family designation is recommended for all
             residential land use that is currently vacant and light industrial use is
             recommended'in'the southern portion of the Township.

             Residential

             Approximately 20.9% of the Township's total land area or 246 acres is in the
             residential designation. In 1980, the net housing density of this land was
             6.6 units per acre.

                                                   -46-

             -Approximately one-third of the total residential land area is composed of two
             and multi-family structures. The approximate 82 acres of multi-family,is con-
             centrated in the older areas of the Township in neighborhoods 4 and 5 and there
             is a need to contain future conversion activity within and adjacent to already
             established areas. The Land Use Plan map, therefore, allows for some additional
             area abutting the already existing multi-family area for future conversions and
             multi-family market needs. A comparative observation of the two (2) land use
             maps will avail the reader of these nominal but reasonable additions. Again,
             it is the position of the Township that,further infiltration of multi-family
             situations into established single-family neighborhoods must be avoided in the
             future to limit neighborhood densities and preserve traditional single-family
             investments. The low density designation (on the Land Use Plan map) is to
             accommodate the single family environment while the medium density designation
             includes two and multi-family situations as well as the mobile home park.

             in addition to this modest expansion of multi-family housing, the'remainder of
             the Township's residential land use is proposed to remain single family in its
             present form. Also, the vacant lands that do remain, that are shown on the
             existing.Land Use Map, should be developed at single family residential (low)
             densities that are compatible with adjacent neighborhoods (e.g. the land
             abutting the Lakeside Subdivision in the northwest corner of the Township).

             The major potential residential concern is the development of the Lawrence
             Park Golf Course property. While it is not anticipated that the Golf Course
             'will be abandoned for this more active (residential) use during the period
             of this comprehensive plan (to the year 2000), the fact, that the site is
             located within the urban area and has all facilities and utilities available
             would make it an attractive candidate in the future should market conditions
             for residential development increase. While it is the desire and intent of
             the Township to maintain the present joint conservation and recreation use
             of this land for.,the longer term future, it would be prudent to have immediate
             access to a contemporaryand well thought out Planned Residential Development
             Ordinance. This ordinance would specify the use, density, recreation, con-
             servation, facility and utility standards, that would constitute.the rules of
             development of this site.

            'The preparation and adoption of a traditional Subdivision and Land Development
             Ordinance would be a satisfactory management tool for the limited other possi-
             ble development situations in the Township.

             Industrial

             Approximately 372 acres are currently held under industrial use within the
             Township, making this classification the most active land use in the Township.
             This acreage represents 31.6% of the total area in the Township and the General
             Electric Company is the predominating land holder. The General Electric Com-
             pany plant is the largest industrial employer and major i'nstallation in Erie
             County. It constitutes the most intensive land use element in the community.
             The General Electric is well buffered from thecommunity by major highways
             and internal building setbacks and screening. Recent expansion activities
             and announcements of the continuing need for..an Erie based operation have
             been made by the General Electric Company. They have been well received and
             indicate with some sense of security that the General Electric will continue
             to be functioning within the Township for years to come.

                                                   -47-

             The other industrial users in the Township are the.rail systems and Penelec in
             the southern area of the Township, East Side Machine Products at Iroquois
             Avenue and Nagle Road, and Tanner Manufacturing behind the School District
             property on Bell Street.

             The Land Use Plan provides for the continuing use of all of the aforementioned,
             as well as room for new industrial expansion in the southern portion of the
             Township, where the rail facilities are advantageous and land is sectioned
             off from the remainder of the residential community. Future industrial develop-
             ment within this area should meet high standards with respect to environmental
             performance so as not to cause any adverse impact on neighboring residential
             areas. Particular attention should be devoted to screening and buffering
             around the mobile home park which is expected to be a longer.term. continuing
             use in the lower (south) portion of the Township.

             Commercial

             Only 15 acres or a small 1.3% of the total land area of the Township is actively
             devoted to commercial use. There are four (4) areas within the Township which
             either currently house commercial uses and/or could be subjected to further
             pressures for commercial zoning designations in the future: (1) East Lake
             Road, (2) Iroquois Avenue, (3) Lawrence Parkway, and (4) the Central Business
             District. Of these, the Central Business District is recognized as the major
             commercial area in the Township and its current problems demand joint public
             and private action to reverse its declining situation. A separate Central
             Business District analysis and plan immediately follow this section. Further
             .zoning policies should not provide competition to the Central Business District.
             Due to the small community atmosphere of Lawrence Park, the need to centralize
             activities should be a priority. Zoning to accommodate regional or arterial@
             pass-through trade should be downplayed in the future and as previously stated,
             no commercial development at all is recommended for Lawrence Parkway. Both
             the East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue corridors are in need of future commer-
             cial zoning containment.

             Access and egress to the residential area in the northern portion of the Town-
             ship, next to the Golf Course, is already troublesome with the high volume of
             traffic along East Lake Road, and further ribbon development past,Joliette
             Avenue would only further compound the problem. The few other existing commer-
             cial uses (hotel, restaurant and tavern) that are spotted off of East Lake Road
             (see existing land use map) should be regarded as longer term, nonconforming
             uses by the Township and zoning policies should not encourage additional commer-
             cial development next to these uses.

             Iroquois Avenue, likewise, should not be permitted to further develop commer-
             cially. The parcel that was recently rezoned (the old Primary School site) for
             an extended elderly care facility should mark the beginning of the commercial
             district which would run through to the Harborcreek Township line on the north
             side only.

                                                   -48-

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            THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

            A primary objective of the Township is to encourage the revitalization and
            development of the Central Business District (CBD). This is the major commer-
            cial land use element. Currently, the CBD contains approximately thirty(30)
            small parcels of land and runs along Main Street a couple of parcels west
            of Rankine Avenue to Iroquois Avenue. While there are a number of retail and
            institutional uses in the CBD, there is an absence of an organized theme and
            variety of retail attractions. The following list of current (1983) CBD resi-
            dents has been arranged to identify the existing downtown market mix. The
            narrative has been arranged to identify the locations on a west to east basis,
            on both sides of Main Street.

            Southern Side of Main Street

            (1) U.E. Union Hall (southeast corner of Main and Rankine).

            (2) U.E. Parking Lot (behind Union Hall on Rankine).

            (3) A large vacant building (fronting Main Street at Rankine on the southwest
                corner) which is currently being renovated as a large ethnic restaurant.
                Space is also being made available for the relocation of a local Pot Pourri
                Shop. An attached structure to the rear of the building exists and is
                abandoned.

            (4) The Lawrence Park Athletic Club (on Rankine Avenue) is located behind
                a vacant lot that is immediately adjacent to the aforementioned (#3)
                structure.

            (5) A vacant building (formerly iiousing Rainbow's End) is located on Main
                Street between the Lawrence Park Diner and the large building which is
                currently being renovated (#3). This building will shortly be put into reuse
                as a hardware store.
            (6) The Lawrence Park Diner and Parking Lot are located between #5 and #7 on
                Main Street.

            (7) The Donut Shop and a Custom Upholstery Shop are located on the corner of
                Main and Silliman.

            (8) The First National Bank and Parking Lot is located at the southeast
                corner of Main and Silliman.

            (9) The Keystone Gas Station is located next to the Bank property at the
                corner of Main and Smithson.

            (10) The Jehovah's Witnesses Kingdom Hall is located at the southwest corner
                of Main and Smithson next to School District propefty.

            Northern Side of Main Street

           (11) Ma's Place Tavern and Parking Lot (abutting #12 to the west).

           (12) Irish Cousins Tavern (northwest corner of Main and Rankine).

                                                  -49-

            (13) The Karate Spa and a Barber Shop are located on the northeast corner of
                   Main and Rankine.

            (14)   A pottery studio is located between #13 and #15.

            (15)   The Batchelor Hardware Building (between #14 and #16) which is currently vacant.

            (16)   The Mobil Service Station located at Main and Silliman with the Township
                   Building and Post Office located immediately behind it.

            (17)   The Lawrence Park Volunteer Fire Company Building and Parking Lot covering
                   two  parcels, is located at the northwest corner of Main and Silliman.

            (18)   The  Erie County School Employee's Federal Credit Union building.(between
                   #17  and #19).

            (19)   The  District Justice Office Building (next to #20).

            (20)   The  Village Grocery is located at the northwest corner of Main and
                   Smithson.

            (21)   The Count and Countess Hairstylists located at the northeast corner of
                   Main and Smithson.

            (22)   The Park Family P    ractice Building.

            (23)   The American's Realtors Building.

            (24)   Lawson's Grocery and Parking Lot (open to Iroquois and Main Street traffic).

            (25)   The Dairy Queen Drive-In fronting Iroquois Avenue.

            (26)   The ARCO Service Station located at the point of Main Street and
                   Iroquois Avenue.

            In summary, this listing indicates that the downtown is nearly void of specialized
            retail activity. This trade has been captured at nearby shopping centers. Other
            problems that are founded in the CBD include a few inherent deteriorating struc-
            tures, lack of a coordinated development theme and the existence of older buildings
            that will require fairly large amounts of capital investments to convert into new
            opportunities. Due to the fact that ample off-street parking is not available,
            the larger scale commercial investor would naturally prefer one of the nearby
            shopping locations.

            The larger of the competing shopping areas is located on Buffalo Road south of
            Lawrence Park in Harborcreek Township. This has become an expanded shopping
            center serving the east side of Erie and the eastern suburbs. These shopping
            centers contain super markets and supporting shopping facilities, together with
            junior department stores. A second shopping center is located at the northeast
            corner of the Township along East Lake Road. The Harborcreek Mall located at
            this site provides an enclosed mall and a shopping facility with some adjacent
            commercial uses. Either of these shopping centers would be adequate in size to
            replace the commercial center in Lawrence Park. Both together overwhelm the.

                                                          -50-

             prospects for a convenience  shopping center located within  the Township.   In.
             addition 'to the competition of these new,shopping centers,, the Main Street com-
             plex has the aforementioned,listed limitations which it must overcome (e.g. the
             lack of economical space for expansion, shortage of parking spaces, and obso-
             lescence of structures).

             The options for improvement  of the Central Business area are limited.    However,
             workable solutions do exist  which can foster the rejuvenation of this vital
             area. The strategy for improvement calls for building on the    strong uses which
             now exist, by installing off-street parking areas between the,business area and
             adjacent residential uses, encouraging small retail.store  s, specialized.shops
             and service establishments, construction of housing facilities for the elderly,
             and by the installation of a new Municipal Building.in the center of the area.
             Future consideration should also be given to encouraging private residential
             apartment construction above ground floor commercial uses in new as well.
             as existing buildings. An overall Central Business District Improvements-P.ro-
             gram should also be developed that provides for public action,for the spot
             acquisition and clearance of the few existing blighted or undesirable struc-
             tures, as well as providing for the rehabilitation of several-buildings (under
             common architectural facade theme).

             The off-street parking needs should  be met directly behind the businesses that
             front' the Central Business District, so as  to provide immediate pedestrian
             access. A concept plan is shown on the accompanying page. In concept, the
             plan would provide an intimate Central Business District, oriented primarily
             to pedestrians which ismore intensively built than at present and which would
             utilize landscaped parking areas as a buffer from adjacent residential areas.
             The new Municipal building would occupy the Northwest corner of Main and Silliman,
             the site presently used by the Mobile Service Station. The old,, converted house
            'which now serves inadequately as Township offices would be razed and replaced
             with off-street parking. Parking would be extended westward to Rankine.to the
             rear of the shops now fronting on Main Street.

             Off-street parking would also be provided south of Main Street to the rear of
             commercial frontage from Rankine,to Smithson. The provision of these parking
             areas serves multiple purposes. It provides an important amenity--common in
             new shopping centers, but too rare in older business-districts--,for encouraging
             and accommodating small businesses. Equally important, perhaps, is its second
             purpose, the improvement of the pedestrian values on Main Street. The.plan
             does not call for the establishment of a Mall which would close Main Street to
             traffic (such A step is simply inappropriate to the needs of Lawrence Park)
             but does'propose to emphasize the pedestrian by reducing traffic conflict and
             assigning more space to sidewalks and landscaping. The intensification of
             uses in the business district will also benefit pedestrians by eliminating
             uninteresting voids and reducing the number of potentially hazardous curb
             cuts and driveway entrances which cross pedestrian ways.

             The concept plan also shows the potential use of the present Keystone Service
             Station property which is located at the southeastern corner of Main and
             Smithson Avenue, next.to the First National Bank property, as a site for
             elderly housing. Other site options are possible, and could very well serve
             the goal of Central Business District renovation and reuse. The aspect that

                                                    -51-

             should be recognized is that the need for,a location close to or within the
             business area is just as important to the elderly as it is to  the business
             community. In addition to this mutuality of support, the new   housing con-
             struction will in itself, as the new Township building would,  improve the
             appearance of the area and further the goals of renovation.

             New commercial construction is anticipated by the plan. Good   opportunities
             for new buildings are available--particularly along the south  side of Main
             Street. with additional parking to the rear of these properties, a viable
             market for small specialized shops and services will be recognized and exploited.

             Once again, the Plan does not call for extensive downtown redevelopment,
             but rather for the spot clearance, rehabilitation and adaptation of existing
             structures, and forthe judicious investment of available public funds to en-
             tice and support private investment. A Parking Authority can easily carry
             out the acquisition and improvement of land for off-street parking, and the
             services of the Erie County Redevelopment Authority may be available for the
             few internal Central Business District acquisition and clearance needs. The
             latter, of course, would necessitate the use of Federal/State community develop-
             ment funds. This, together with the construction of the much needed Municipal
             Building, are the major expenditures to be made with public monies. The return
             in terms of enhanced living, improved environment, and stabilized property
             values, will be substantially greater than the cost.

             Summary and Listing of Other Land Use Plan Recommendations

             (1)  Amend the Zoning District Map to more closely align with the intent of
                  the Land Use Plan Map.

             (2)  Amend the Zoning Ordinance text to provide for current State Act 247
                  PA Municipalities Planning Code - standards.

             (3)  Amend the Zoning Ordinance to provide for standards governing the use
                  and location of group homes, multi-family housing and residential
                  conversions.

             (4)  Amend the Zoning Ordinance to provide for an overlay Flood Plain District,
                  as was identified in the Federal Insurance Administration's Flood Insur-
                  ance Study for Lawrence Park.

             (5)  Adopt a Planned Residential Development  Ordinance for po tential longer
                  term use in managing large scale development opportunities at Golf
                  Course property.

             (6)  Adopt a traditional (Act 247 based) Subdivision and Land Development
                  Ordinance for management of limited small scale development opportunities.

             (7)  Consider the adoption of a Local Economic Revitalization Tax Assistance
                  (LERTA) Ordinance that would provide tax abatement for a five (5) year
                  period to new development in the Central Business District. The LERTA
                  boundaries should parallel the Central Business District boundaries as
                  are depicted on the Development Concept Plan Map. The Ordinance should
                  be adopted by the Township, School District, and County for full tax
                  abatement benefit. Consideration should be given to adopting the County
                  Ordinance for'.administrative and fiscal (abatement) uniformity. The
                  County Ordinance waives the improvements of new and/or substantial re-
                  habilitation on commercial development in a certified LERTA district
                  for a period of five (5) years. Only the original (before value added)

                                                   -52-

                  property tax would,be applied to the property during the five (5) year
                  period., The basic concept behind LERTA is that the benefits gained by
                  the community in the longer term (property tax and jobs) outweigh the
                  initial short term loss of revenue to the community. The Township could
                  use LERTA as an incentive to draw in new business and rehabilitate its
                  Central Business District.

              (8) Make application for a Small Communities Development Program Planning,
                  Grant through the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs to develop
                  a complete Central Business District development program that would
                  specify the exact capital project needs and costs of property acquisi-
                  tion, clearance, and rehabilitation. The primary objective of this
                  planning project would be to firm up the actual details prior to imple-
                  mentation. The Central Business District planning process should include
                  the involvement of the Planning Commission and the local downtown mer-
                  chants, as well as identify.all future funding responsibilities and
                  sources. After the final plan is developed, then application should be
                  made to any or,all State or Federal funding sources that support economic
                  development activities. Currently, the Small Communities Program of the
                  Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs provides an economic develop-
                  ment hardware funding program of this nature. However, it is very com-
                  petitive and the awards that have been granted thus far have been to
                  those projects that average equal to greater dollar amounts of private
                  capital and create new or retain existing jobs. Other funding programs
                  may be available to the Township subsequent to final planning and those
                  that are known to be of current practicality are included within the
                  Appendix.

              (9) Continue to enforce the existing property maintenance code throughout the
                  Township on a uniform basis and update/upgrade regulations for the mobile
                  home park.

             (10) Promote the industrial development assets of the land in the southern
                  portion of the Township. The urban location, immediate availability
                  of rail and arterial access, and available labor force of the area are
                  all assets that should be conveyed to the Erie Employment Task Force
                  and Erie County Industrial Development Authority for their future re-
                  cruitment purposes. Financial programs geared to assist existing and
                  potential manufacturing industries interested in expanding or building
                  anew in Lawrence Park are described in the Appendix.

             (11) Encourage the use of historic preservation tools for the townhouses
                  located along Main Street just east of Four Mile Creek and the house located
                  on the north side of East Lake Road on the east bank of Four Mile Creek.
                  The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 provides private tax incentives to
                  spur revitalization of historic properties and neighborhoods. Ongoing
                  coordination with the Erie County Historical Society would also be
                  advantageous.

                                                   -53-

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                                               HOUSING PLAN

             During recent years it has become evident that the quality of housing has a
             definite influence on the welfare of a community and the well being of its
             residents. Housing is essentially the sheltering of people. It also provides
             a sense of place and a sense of individual and social identity. The quality
             of housing can command pride and respect or create an atmosphere of despair
             and unrest.

             The availability of safe, sound and attractive housing is a significant
             11community" resource. If a community has an adequate supply of sound housing
             and the potential to expand its housing stock according to future needs, it is
             usually considered as a desirable place to live and raise a family. However,
             if the present housing stock is physically and functionally substandard with
             minimal opportunity for rehabilitation efforts and the construction of new
             housing units, then a community or a neighborhood within a particular community
             may be considered as an undesirable living area or environment.

             Once such areas become labeled as undesirable and/or substandard, problems seem
             to multiply, i.e., physical deterioration and blight accelerate, community
             support facilities and services may diminish, overcrowding increases, and the
             area generally becomes a liability to the community. With these considerations
             in mind, it is easy to understand why a housing element is included with a com-
             prehensive plan. The Housing Plan which follows includes several basic compo-
             nents: (1) inventory of the existing housing market; (2) a field survey of
             housing conditions; (3) an identification of existing problems; (4) a projection
             of future housing needs; and (5) recommended approaches to handle existing
             problems and to meet the future needs. As noted previously in the statement of
             Goals and Objectives, the basic goal of the Housing Plan is to provide an ade-
             quate housing supply for the present and future residents of Lawrence Park Town-
             ship. The objectives listed in the overall community development statement
             represent the specific direction under which the recommendations were formulated.

             HOUSING MARKET

             supply

             The 1980 Census revealed that there were 1,627 total housing units within
             Lawrence Park. This represented an overall 212 unit gain or a 15% increase
             from the 1970 total supply of 1,415 units. Under the Bureau of Census defini-
             tion of housing unit, single-family homes, mobile homes, and units within housing
             structures (such as apartments, flats and single rooms) whether occupied or
             vacant but intended for occupancy are all taken into consideration. Of the
             total 1980 supply, 1,588 units or 97.6%, were determined to be available year-
             round units. A vacancy rate of 2.4% was tabulated based upon a count of 39
             vacant units. Of the vacant structures that were identified, ten (10) were
             for sale, 14 were for rent, 3 were held for occasional use, and 12 were cate-
             gorized as "other" vacants by the Census. Considering the type of vacancies
             revealed by the Census and the in-field inspection of housing quality in 1983,
             the Township is very fortunate to have this low vacancy rate. It is obvious
             that market conditions are quick to absorb housing when it is available for

                                                  -54-

           sale or rent and this a direct result of well maintained housing and pleasing
           neighborhoods. The Township's vacancy rate is one of the lowest in Erie County.

           According to Township records, only a handfull of building permits have been
           issued since 1980 and most of these have been for alterations and/or additions.
           The high mortgage rate situation and overall inflation that has devastated
           the housing market on the national scale has also impacted upon Lawrence Park.
           This latter statement must also be tempered with the fact that little land is
           available for new housing.

           Type

           The most predominant type of housing available within the Township is single-
           family. A total of 1,452 units of the total stock is categorized by the Census
           as one (1) unit structures. The one (1) unit structure total makes up 89.24%
           of the entire Township housing stock of 1,627 units. A total of 39 units were
           recorded as being vacant.
           Of the total one (1) unit structures, 965 units are detached and 487 units are
           attached. This is due to the large number of row houses found in the Township
           which is a unique factor in Erie County.

           The remaining 10.76% of Lawrence Park's total housing stock is composed of
           units within two (2) and multi-unit structures. The breakdown of this percen-
           tage is as follows: 63 units in two (2) family structures, 29 units in three
           (3) and four (4) family structures, and 29 units in five (5) or more structures.

           Mobile homes, due to the one mobile home park in the Township, are a relatively
           new type of housing in the Township, and it is anticipated that more of these
           units will be added in the future through park expansion activities. The 1980
          'Census recorded 54 mobile homes in the Township.

           Tenure

           In terms of tenure, Lawrence Park's housing stock is predominantly owner occupied
           (1,329 of the total 1,588 occupied units). Rental units comprise only 15.91% (259 iinits)
           of the total supply. In comparison, Erie County's supply of rental housing units
           to total supply stands at 26.9%. The Township's rental stock is primarily con-
           stituted of single-family homes. Rental housing demand could increase within the
           Township in future years as more and more families become priced out of the
           housing market. The mobile home and optional forms of multi-family housing
           represent viable alternatives to this potential rental demand.

           Age

           The age of Lawrence Park's housing stock is a good indicator of future housing
           maintenance needs. The Township's housing stock is an aged one. About 47% of
           the total housing stock was built before the year 1939 and is, therefore, in
           excess of forty (40) years in age. It is also interesting to note that of the
           259 rented units tabulated in the 1980 Census, that approximately 79% were
           constructed prior to 1939. This is a characteristic that is generally founded
           within cities or older urban communities. The following chart illustrates

                                                 -55-

             the age of  the Township's housing supply.

                                                 Age of Housing
                                             Lawrence Park Township

                  Construction Period              Total Units                   %

                    1939  or Before                    772,                    47.45
                    1940  to 1949                      205                     12.60
                    1950  to 1959                      3,19                    19.55
                    1960  to 1969                      230                     14.14
                    1970  to 1974                       82.                      5.04
                    1975  to 1978                       13                       .80
                    1979  to 1980                         7                      .43

                  Source: Bureau   of Cetsus,.1980.

             Value

             Lawrence Park Township's value of    housing increased at an astronomical rate
             during the 1970-80 period due to inflation which has affected the cost of new
             construction as well as existing housing   that is offered for sale. Between
             the two (2) census years (1970 and 1980)   a 150% increase was established in
             the median value of owner occupied housing., The 1980 Census rendered a median
             value of $38,9002 UP $23,400 from the 1970 Census established median value
             figure of $15,500. The value of Lawrence Park's owner occupied housing was
             slightly lower than.that of the County and.State median figures of $39,700 and
             $39,100 respectively. The following chart identifies the value of owner occu-
             pied housing by value for the Township:

                                        Value of Owner  Occupied-Housing
                                         Lawrence Park  Township -1980

                             Value                                         Number

                             Less than $10,000                                8
                             $10,000 to $14,999                             14
                             $15,000 to $19,999                             47
                             $20,000 to $24,999                            102
                             $25,000 to $29,999                            167
                             $30,000 to $34,999                            171
                             $35,000 to $39,999                             99
                             $40,000 to $49,999                            195
                             $50,000 to $79,999                            318
                             $80,000 to $99,999                             32
                             $100,000 to $149,999                           16
                             $150,000  to $199,999                            2
                             $200,000  or more                                0
                             Median Value                                 $38,900

                                            (See next page for footnotes)

                                                     -56-

                            Note: the above distribution is restricted to.certain
                            kinds of "owner-occupied" or "vacant for sale only" units.
                            The following are excluded from the tabulations on value:
                            (a) units at an address with two or more units; (b) units
                            on 10 or more acres; (c) units with a commercial establish-
                            ment or medical office on the property; (d) mobile homes
                            or trailers.

                            Source: Bureau of Census, 1980.

            Condition

            As part of the planning process, a field survey of housing distribution and con-
            dition was undertaken during the month of June 1983. The results of this survey
            are partially included in the Township Neighborhood Analysis chapter of this
            document. This section will focus more on the overall condition of housing.

            The field survey undertaken during 1983 was geared to accommodate comparison
            with a survey which was taken by the County Planning Department,in 1967 as part
            of the Township's original comprehensive planning program. Both surveys relied
            on in-the-field windshield surveys of external housing features. The categoriza-
            tion of housing quality via observations that are made on external features is
            not a perfect process; interior conditions may well be deficient within some
            structures that are judged to be standard which would obviously further increase
            the number of substandard housing units in the community. In any event, the
            following criteria was utilized in the 1983 survey, as it was in the 1967 survey:

                                 Criteria for Evaluation & Classification
                                      In An Exterior Structural Survey

                 Classification                    Evaluation Criteria

                 Standard                          Structure in good condition, not in need
                                                   of repairs.

                 Conservation                      Minor deficiencies requiring small expen-
                                                   ditures to raise condition of structure
                                                   to a standard condition.

                                                   Examples:

                                                      Faint Job
                                                      Pointing of bricks
                                                      Replace gutters and/or downspouts
                                                      Minor roof repairs
                                                      Rotting window sills.

                                                   -57-

                                   Criteria for Evaluation & Classification
                                       In An Exterior Structural Survey

                  Classification                     Evaluation Criteria

                  Rehabilitation                     Major deficiencies requiring large expendi-
                                                     tures to raise condition of structure to
                                                     standard condition.

                                                     However, project should not amount to the
                                                     total reconstruction of the structure. Any
                                                     two of the examples below will classify a
                                                     structure as eligible for rehabilitation.

                                                        Sagging porches
                                                        Rotting foundations
                                                        Rotting exterior steps
                                                        Loose wall and chimney bricks
                                                        Sagging roofs
                                                        Rotting siding
                                                        Rotting roofing

                  Clearance                          Structure having a number of major defi-
                                                     ciencies and is clearly unfit for habita-
                                                     tion and is structurally unsound. Three
                                                     or more of the above listed examples will
                                                     classify a structure for clearance.

            The results of the recent 1983 housing quality survey are shown in the following
            table. As can be observed, it is the general finding of the survey that housing
            conditions have actually improved during the past 16 years. The number of units
            judged to be in need of conservation has decreased substantially; a decrease of
            350 units needing conservation was established. This trend is a very positive
            sign. However, the current number of units (269) in need of conservation is
            still rather high. It should be noted that those units that were judged to be
            in need of conservation are close to being standard units.

            The 1983 survey did, however, parallel the findingsof the 1967 survey as far as
            location of the conservation needs. Neighborhoods 4 and 5 are still the most in
            need of exterior housing conservation efforts. All in all, 269 units were
            judged to be in need of conservation via the 1983 housing survey; this translates
            to 16.5% of the entire Township housing stock (1,627 units).

            The 25 units that were judged to be in need of rehabilitation were also pre-
            dominantly located in neighborhoods 5 and 6, with the only dilapidated structures
            found in neighborhood five (5). All totaled, the 27 units that were judged to
            be very substandard (rehabilitation and clearance) made up only 1.5% of the
            entire housing stock. These units would be obvious inspection targets for a
            municipal code enforcement program. In relation to the 1967 survey, the recent
            survey showed that the amount of very substandard housing has remained just
            about the same in terms of number and location.

                                                     -58-

                                                     Table 22

                                          Neighborhood Housing Quality
                                               Lawrence Park    1983

                                                     1      2      3     4       5    6       Total

             Standard
               1967                                 362     -   345      50     11    -         768
               1983                                 401     1   427     176    264    62      1,331

             Conservation
               1967                                  23     -    42     197    357    -         619
               1983                                  9      -    21      88    125    26        269

             Rehabilitation
               1967                                  0      -      0     0      33    -          33
               1983                                  0      -      0     3      17    5          25

             Clearance
               1967                                  0      -      0     0       1    -           1
               1983                                  0      -      0     0       2    0           2

             Source: Community Improvements Plan,     1967.
                       Field Survey, 1983.

             Future Housing Needs

             Utilizing the population projections contained in the Demographic Analysis, it is
             possible to project the number of new housing units that will be needed in the
             Township to accommodate the new residents. The population projection to the year
             2000 was a conservative one. Approximately 150 more persons are expected to be
             living within the Township by the turn of the century. The housing need will not,
             therefore, be substantial. The following table indicates that approximately 50-60
             additional dwelling units will be necessary to house the new population by the
             year 2000. Hence, the average annual production need from 1984 on, would be
             only about three (3) units a year. This total could easily be reached even without
             the utilization of much new land; residential conversions and the expected fill-
             in of mobile home units at the Mobile Home Park could easily meet much of this
             housing need.

                                                     Table 23

                                  Housing Need by Population & Household Size
                                        Lawrence Park Township 1980-2000

                                             Average Household Size

                                               Low    Med.      High
                                                2.5   2.8       3.1

             Year/Projection                 Required Housing Units               New Population
             1985/4,632                         19     17       14                       48
             1990/4,682                         20     18       16                       50
             1995/4,702                           8      7       6                       20
             2000/4,731                         12     10        9                       29
             Total Unit  Needs                  59     52       45                      147 (Persons)

                                                      -59-

             Source:. 'Consultant's calculations, 1983.

             Determining total housing need on the basis of popu  lation projections, however,
             does not satisfy the needs of the Township in identifying the low income housing
             needs of the community. Therefore, the preceding housing needs projections should
             be looked upon as a goal that should be met, at a minimum by the private housing
             market.

             The following statistics focus in on the needs of the low and low moderate income
             population of Lawrence Park Township:

                  -  615 persons were aged 65 years and older according to the-1980 Census.,

                  -  297 persons were aged 60-64 years, according to the 1980 Census.

                  -  Both of these age groups have substantially increased during the past
                     ten (10) years and are expected to continue to rise in number in the
                     future.

                     Of the 229 persons that were recorded as living in poverty status
                     (via the 1980 Census), 31 were aged 65 years and older, 14 were
                     in the age group 55-59, and 184 were under 55 years of age.

                     Based upon the current 1983 U.S. HUD Section #8 housing assistance
                     income limits, there are a total of 1,971 persons that form 699
                     households that are estimated to qualify for housing aid under low-
                     moderate income status in the Township.

                  -  54% of all persons estimated to qualify   for Section #8 Assistance are
                     currently considered to be of very low income status. This amounts
                     to 1,077 persons that form 382 households.

                  -  Through applying the 1980 Census percentages of non-elderly and elderly
                     poverty level income groups against the recent U.S. HUD Section #8 low-
                     moderate and very low income estimates, the following needs are pro-@
                     vided: (1) There are 266 low to moderate income elderly persons of
                     which about 144 persons are of very @ow income status and (2) 1,705
                     low to moderate income non-elderly income persons of which 933 persons
                     are of very low income status. The current Section #8 income limits
                     for Erie County are shown as follows:

                                               Income Limits by Number of Persons in Household
                     Income Classification        1 Person   2 Person    3 Person    4.Person

                         Low-Moderate               $14,000     $16,000    $18,000    $20,000
                         Very Low                     8,750      10,000     11,250    12,500

                                                  5 Person   6 Person    7 Person.  8 Person

                         Low-Moderate               $21,250    $22,500     $23,750    $25,000
                         Very Low                    13,500     14,500      15,500    16,500

                     Source: U.S. Department of H6using and Urban Development,, Section#8
                              Very Low and Low-Moderate Income Limits by County, 1983.

                                                    -60-

             HOUSING PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS

             (1)  While over  80% of the Township's housing stock is in sound condition and
                  the survey  of housing conditions indicated some improvement@ the need
                  for a basic housing code program to provide for the basic health and
                  safety needs.of shelterAs well as preserve, the aging housing stock
                  should be implemented. A regional effort with nearby communities
                  (Wesleyville and Harborcreek) would be worth exploring to provide admin
                 ,isttative economies.of scale, trained personnel And code conformity.

             (2).. The Township should actively encourage the reparcelization and sub-
                  division of the.vacant land at the northwestern portion of the Township
                  for single-family residential development. Currently, there are a few
                  elongated strips of land running from behind the@ commercial frontage of
                  East Lake Road to the Lake.. These lands will most likely never be
                  developed unless a.single 'parcel can be created.

             (3)  The Township should encourage residential apartment-development as a
                  secondary use in the Central Business District to provide more diversity
                  for existing and future residents. Ground floors should still be utilized
                  for business purposes only.

             (4)  The future stability of single-family areas should be protected through
                  limiting the conversion of single-family homes into two or.more units
                  to the areas shown as medium density on the Land Use Plan Map.

             (5)  Additional mobile home park maintenance standards should be developed     to
                  ensure a quality park environment. In line with this, new industrial
                  development abutting the mobile home park should be required to provide
                  screening which segregates the two (2) land uses.

             (6)  The low-income family  housing needs should be met through utilizing
                  existing Federal rent subsidy programs such as the Section #8 Program
                  and support to the County Housing.Authority efforts within northeastern
                  Erie County..

             (7)  The low-income,elderly' housing needs should be met through a direct
                  publicly sponsored housing project. The Township should enlist the
                  assistance of the Erie County Housing Authority to discuss the elderly
                  housing ne.eds,,Iavailable sites, and available Federal and State housing
                  programs with.potential sponsors. Based upon the' Section #8 low-income
                  needs for Lawrence,Park and surrounding area, it would appear that a 100
                  unit project is a most feasible short-term goal. Ideally, the project
                  would be paired up with rental assistance via the Federal government to
                  the benefit of the low-income elderly and the project sponsor. Optional
                  programs are described in the Appendix.

                                                    -61-

                 The Planning Commission's first priority site is the old Priestly School
                 Site@ located on a block by itself between Priestly and Napier Avenues.
                 This particular site has the advantage of already being publicly owned, it
                 lies along a regular Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority bus line, it is
                 adjacent to Four Mile Creek Park and lies within a good residential
                 neighborhood that is within easy walking distance of the Township's Central
                 Business District.

                 The Planning Commission's second priority site, located directly within the
                 Central Business District, is the property currently held by the Keystone
                 Service Station on Main Street and Smithson Avenue. This site holds similar
                 locational assets and would directly fit into the Central Business District
                 revitalization plans.

            (8)  For the Township's long-term resident ial needs, a Planned Residential
                 Development Ordinance should be developed. It should be adopted only
                 if and when the Golf Course property ceases its operation.as a recreation
                 resource.

            (9)  The Township should actively cooperate with the Erie County Redevelopment
                 Authority and/or directly apply for State/Federal funds to develop a low-
                 interest revolving loan fund for a low-moderate and low-income family
                 rehabilitation program. This program would put the needed financial
                 encouragement side by side with the enforcement end of the housing code
                 program.

                                                  -62-

                                           TRANSPORTATION PLAN

           A community's transportation system is one of its most important resources. The
           local road system should enable residents to move throughout the community and
           its adjacent surroundings safely and with ease and efficiency. The local road
           system is part of, and connected to, a regional highway system that provides
           contacts with "other regions" that supply goods and/or services to the Township.
           A workable and efficient transportation system is a major need of commerce and
           industry, both existing and potential.

           The Transportation Plan is an integral component of the Comprehensive Plan. This
           Plan complements and supplements the Future Land Use Plan by providing the ration-
           ale and recommendations for improving the flow of.traffic between various land use/
           development situations.

           The Transportation Plan consists of three parts: (1) establishing a functional
           classification system to classify various local and State maintained roads accord-
           ing to the function(s) they should perform as well as the function(s) the actually
           perform; (2) an inventory of the local system and identification of problem areas;
           and, (3) to develop a listing of recommended improvements that should be made by
           the Township or State to minimize the potential for accidents and improve traffic
           flow.

           As noted previously in the statement of Community Development Goals and Objectives,
           the basic goal of the Transportation Plan is to provide for the safe and convenient
           movement of goods and people within the community and to points beyond utilizing
           all methods practical.

           FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

           The Federal and State governments maintain a classification system for all roads
           throughout the Commonwealth. This system is called the Federal Functional Classifi-
           cation System. Federal funding and in many cases State funding priorities for high-
           ways are allocated according to this system.

           The functional classification system is also an aid to correlating the land use
           planning and thoroughfare (traffic) planning functions of the Comprehensive Plan.
           Proper recognition of the principal function that a highway, road, or street is
           intended to serve can reduce potential conflicts between land use activities and
           traffic movements. For example, from a theoretical or ideal standpoint, commercial
           and residential development should not be permitted or encouraged to indiscrimi-
           nately locate along major arterial highways or roads. The opportunity for land
           use/traffic conflicts is obvious. The need for direct access to residential pro-
           perties or commercial uses causes numerous left turn and crossover movements as
           well as ingress/egress movements, all ofwhich slow and/or interrupt the smooth
           flow of traffic.and, at the same time, substantially increase the potential for
           accidents to both pedestrians and vehicles.

           The functional classification that has been developed for Lawrence Park Township
           is shown on the following chart and map. The classification system is discussed
           in the following paragraphs.

                                                 -63-

            Principal Arterial

            This class of highways provides quick and efficient movement between major communi-
            ties and/or provides direct access to major traffic generators such as shopping
            centers, large industries or recreation areas.

            Minor Arterial

            This class of highway serves both traffic movement and land service with some empha-
            sis placed on mobility. Minor arterials receive traffic from lesser streets as well
            as provide interconnection and support the major arterials. They generally connect
            the Township with immediately surrounding areas. East Lake Road is an example.

            Major Collector

            This class of streets also serves a middling function, but places some emphasis
            on land access. Major collectors generally serve areas within the Township and
            constitute those streets on which travel distances are somewhat shorter than on
            the minor arterials, and also,provide some interconnection to the larger highway
            network. There are no examples of a major collector in the Township.

            Minor Collector

            This class of streets serves the internal movement of the highway network. This
            classification does not generally handle through trips, but supplies abutting
            property with access, while at the same time provides local traffic movement.
            Nagle Road and Lakeside/Lakecliff Loop are designated as minor collectors.

            Local

            The primary function of this classification is to provide access to immediately
            adjacent land. These roads carry a small proportion of the vehicle miles of
            travel but make up a large percentage of the total street mileage within the
            Township. The local system offers the lowest degree of mobility and through
            traffic is usually deliberately discouraged.

                                           Lawrence Park Township
                                         Designated Federal Highway
                                      Functional Classification System

                 Designation                         Roads

                 Principal Arterial                  Franklin Avenue

                 Minor Arterial                      East Lake Road, Lawrence Parkway,
                                                     Iroquois Avenue, and Main Street

                 Minor Collector                     Nagle Road and the Lakeside/
                                                     Lakecliff Loop off of East Lake Road

                 Local                               All other roads.

                                                   -64-

             AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC (ADT) COUNTS

             The Average Daily Traffic (ADT) count is a system for expressing the number of
             vehicles which use roa   ds on a daily average. The Pennsylvania Department of
             Transportation maintains a record of ADT volumes by means of portable automatic
             traffic counters and computer projections. The most recent ADT figures for the
             Township are included on the following table. Only state roads-are calculated
             for the Township by PaDOt. As can be observed from the table, all but one (1)
             road has experienced increases in traffic volume during the 1967 to 1980 period.

                                                       Table 24

                                  Comparative Average Daily    Traffic (ADT) Counts
                                               Lawrence Park   Township

                                                           1967         1980          Change     Change
             East Lake Road

             Nagle to Iroquois Avenue                   6,700         7,700           1,000         15%
             Iroquois to Lawrence Parkway               12,200       11,800              400          3%
             Lawrence Parkway to Franklin Avenue 14,500              18,800           4,300         30%

             Iroquois Avenue

             Nagle to Main Street                       4,800         8,900           4,190         85%
             Main to East Lake Road                     4,300         6,100           1,800         42%

             Nagle Road

             East Lake Road to Iroquois                     500          950             450        90%

             Lawrence Parkway

             Buffalo Road to Main Street                6,500        12,200           5,700-        88%
             Main to East Lake Road                     3,400         8,500           5,100        150%

             Franklin Avenue

             G.E. Entrance to East Lake Road            9,300        10,500           1,200         13%
             G.E. Entrance to 12th Street              .13,100       19,200           6,100         47%

             Main Street

             Lawrence Parkway to Iroquois Avenue        3,900         4,300              400        10%

             Source: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation - District 1-0 Road Log Print-
                       out for 1982 and Lawrence Park Community Improvements Plan of 1967 pre-
                       pared by the Erie County Planning Department.

             The increases in traffic volume have been most significant on Lawrence Parkway,
             Franklin Avenue, Iroquois Avenue and East Lake Road from Lawrence Parkway to
             Franklin Avenue. It must be noted that the major traffic generator in the

                                                        -65-

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             Township--the G.E.--is primarily responsible for much of the change in ADT levels.
             The commercial development in nearby Harborcreek Township is also drawing new pass-
             through traffic that,was not experienced in the late 1960's. Even though the State
             roads in the Township are well travelled, most roads are still well within the desig-
             nated carrying capacity established by PaDOT.- The following table shows the capacity
             and other characteristics of the existing highway system.

                                                       Table 25

                                            Existing Highway System Data
                                               Lawrence,Park Township

                                                           Widths                               1980 ADT as
             Street/Segment                       Cartway      R.O.W.         Capacity       % of Capacity

             Eastlake Road

             Nagle to Iroquois                      24'          50'           19,000               41%
             Iroquois to Lawrence Parkway           661        1001,           38,300               31%
             Lawrence Parkway to Franklin           68'        120'            40,100               47%

             Iroquois Avenue

             Nagle to Main Street                   55'        120'            45,200               20%
             Main to East Lake Road                 55'        100,            45,200               13%

             Nagle Road

             East Lake Road to Iroquois             18'          50'           14,600                 7%

             Lawrence Parkway

             Buffalo Road to Main                   32'          50'           13,300               92%
             Main to East Lake Road                 24'          50'              9,500             89%

             Franklin Avenue

             South end of viaduct to
             . north end                            28'          50'           10,100               N.A.
             North end of viaduct.to 12th St.       281          95'           10,100               N.A.
             12th St. to G.E. entrance              401        100,            28,100               68%
             G.E. entrance to East Lake Road        40f        100,            20,900               50%

             Main Street

             Lawrence Parkway to Iroquois           56'          80,           13,500               32%

             Source: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation            Road Log Printout and calcula-
                        tions made therefrom by consultant.

             From the above calculations, Lawrence Parkway exhibits the most immediate potential
             to reach or exceed its carrying capacity. Improvements in the short-range future
             are a high priority need, and will be explained in the next section.

                                                         -66-

             Overall, it is felt that ADT levels for all other state and local roads in the
             Township will stay within the respective carrying capacity level to the year
             2000. Ongoing structural maintenance and intersectional improvements will, how-
             ever, be necessary.

             TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

             The recommendations within this Plan are based upon (1) the Citizen's Survey of'
             1983, (2) past engineering reports, (3) County and State plans, and (4) an in-
             field survey of highway and intersection situations by the Consultant.

             Following then, is a listing and basic discussion of the problems underlying each
             situation.

             1. Lawrence Parkway and East Lake Road

             Traffic volumes have increased on both of these arterials at a healthy rate during
             the period.of analysis and there is an obvious need to facilitate turning movements
             during peak hour traffic situations. The need for an improved right hand turn onto
             Lawrence Parkway from East Lake Road and improved right and left hand turns onto
             East Lake Road from the Parkway can be met through adding a new southbound right
             hand lane with increased turning radius on East Lake Road and a new northbound
             (also right hand) turn lane on the Parkway to East Lake Road.

             2. Lawrence Parkway and Main Street/G.E. Entrances

             The presence of an entrance/exit to the G.E. parking lot on the west side of the
             intersection causes this intersection to experience turning problems during peak
             conditions. The left turn from the southern approach of the Parkway into the
             parking lot during peak conditions significantly reduces capacity since there is
             only one lane on this approach. In order to alleviate this situation, a new
             right hand turn lane is recommended to be implemented on the Parkway northbound
             to Main Street.. This new lane would free the current one lane situation for left
             turn needs in peak situations.

             3. Nagle Road and East Lake Road

             This "T" type intersection actually involves multi-turn access and egress situations
             to the Harborcreek Mall which is situated on the north side of East Lake Road.
             Traffic is currently controlled by only a stop sign which faces northbound Nagle
             Road traffic. Left hand westbound turns onto East Lake Road from Nagle Road are
             compounded by road grade and sight problems and both east and west, as well as
             straight across (to the Mall) traffic, are all jeopardized by high-speed traffic
             on East Lake Road. The need for overhead lighted traffic signalization to control
             the situation appears to be warranted. The actual type of signalization should be
             subject to traffic engineering study and the Township should request feasibility
             via PaDOT as soon as possible.

                                                  -67-

             4. Nagle Ro!@d/Rail R-O-W Reopening

             In 1957, the Nagle Road crossing was closed by order of the Public Utilities
             Commission (P.U.C.) at the initiation of the New York Central Railroad (N.Y.C.R.R.).
             The closing of the crossing served to expedite the servicing of trains in the
             Lawrence Park yard by the N.Y.C.R.R. Since this time, however, the needs of the
             railroads involved are not the same and new development along both sides of Nagle
             Road and new regional shopping and recreational (YMCA/Tri-Community Pool) facili-
             ties have located along Routes 5 and 20 which demand a reconsideration of the
             closing by the P.U.C. In 1982, a study was prepared by the Township's Engineerst
             (Urban Engineering, Inc.) which made the following conclusions:

                 A.   The crossing will provide a short, direct and safer 0.4 mile
                      access for vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians between a
                      community now separated by railroad tracks and forced to use
                      a two mile route for vehicles only with no provision for
                      bicycle or pedestrians.

                 B.   The proposed crossing has the potential for conservation of
                      200,000 gallons of fuel and $250,000 saving to community
                      drivers annually excluding savings in tires, oil, time and
                      hazard of 2,400,000 miles of travel and 80% less air pollution.

                 C.   The proximity of the proposed roadway at the crossing to the
                      bicycle and pedestrian pathway, parallel to each other, pro-
                      vides safety by surveillance of the passing traffic. This
                      eliminates the present hazardous dirt path around barricades
                      and over unprotected tracks by day or night as at present.

                 D.   The crossing will restore a now needed road to a fully developed
                      community. This alternate route to Buffalo Road will ease the
                      peak hour traffic congestion on Water Street and speed its
                      movement.

                 E.   The Nagle crossing will relieve the congestion at the Buffalo
                      Road and Water Street intersection in Wesleyville.

                 F.   The crossing would provide an emergency route when the underpass
                      of the Water Street route is flooded.

                 G.   The crossing provides access to 34 acres of Lawrence Park, now
                      separated from its community by the tracks, for the residents
                      and for fire and police protection. Also, it provides access
                      to 20 acres, now isolated between Conrail and East Erie Commer-
                      cial Railroad for future industrial development and better
                      police surveillance, fire protection and community service.

                 H.   The crossing will provide a short convenient access for the
                      Harborcreek and Lawrence Park residents north of the tracks
                      to the business and recreation center south of the tracks, the
                      shopping plazas, restaurants, YMCA, Tri-Community Pool. Also,
                      residents south of the tracks will have direct access to the
                      Harborcreek Mall and County Library, Medical Center and State
                      Police. It will provide direct and more responsive access for
                      the State Police to reach and serve the southern area.

                                                   -68-

             Based upon the Nagle Road Study, it is recommended that Harborcreek and Lawrence
             Park Township and Wesleyville Borough make joint application to the P.U.C. for
             the reopening of the Nagle Road crossing for vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians.
             The crossing should be protected by railroad gates and lights. Other consider-
             ations which should be taken into account as a result of the opening include the
             need for curbing, storm sewers and sidewalks along both sides of Nagle Road from
             East Lake Road to Iroquois Avenue and traffic signalization controls at East Lake
             Road and Iroquois Avenue.

             5. Water Street Expressway

             This expressway is a connecting arterial between the proposed Bayfront and Southern
             Tier highways and the existing Interstate 90 and it represents one of the major
             longer term plans of the Erie Area Transportation Study (EATS). Current plans for
             the expressway show the alignment of the road to approximately follow Lawrence
             Parkway in a refined curvilinear pattern. Plan schematics indicate that it will
             cross Buffalo Road about 600 feet to the east of its present intersection with
             Lawrence Parkway, proceed north across the railroad tracks on a raised viaduct,
             and proceed north on an alignment close to the current Parkway.

             As a result of the local involvement in review of the plans for this major new
             highway, plans have been revised to provide for a link between Water Street and
             the residential section of Lawrence Park. The proposal shown on the Thoroughfare
             Plan would extend Field Street across Four Mile Creek and under the viaduct carrying
             the new highway, so that Field Street will tie into Water Street.

             Detailed plans have also been prepared to improve traffic flow along East Lake Road
             from the Water Street Expressway eastward. The improvements include traffic islands
             to control turning movements at that intersection, and traffic through the inter-
             section with Iroquois Avenue.

             6. East-West Light Rail Mass Transit

             The longer term potential construction of the U.S. Steel Mill in western Erie County
             would cause numerous transportation needs. The prospects of providing light rail
             service along existing rail lines between the City of Erie and the new steel mill
             have been discussed as a means to combat potential east-west circulation needs and
             provide an alternative to auto travel. Should such service be initiated, it can
             and should be extended to Lawrence Park to provide an additional transportation
             facility to the General Electric work force. As such, a potential transit terminal
             location for such a facility is indicated in proximity to the east gate of the
             General Electric on the Transportation Plan map. The facility would also prove
             convenient to Lawrence Park residents by providing improved mass transit facilities
             to western Erie County.

             7. Bikeway Construction

             An overall regional plan for bikeways has been developed by the Erie Area Trans-
             portation Study (EATS) Committee and the Township's engineers have developed de-
             tailed drawings for Lawrence Park Township's portion of the system along East Lake
             Road and Iroquois Avenue. The first phase of the system should get underway shortly,
             pending financial assistance from the State/Federal governments, and will consist
             of a Class I (off-road) facility using existing sidewalks, curb-cuts, marking and
             signing along the entire stretch of East Lake Road and Iroquois Avenue, where connec-
             tions will be made to the City and Harborcreek systems along the same routes.

                                                   -69-

             Subsequent to this first phase and the Nagle Foad reopening, the Township should con-
             sider a north-south bikeway connecting East Lake Road to Buffalo Road along Nagle Road.
             Also, future consideration should be given to modifying the area-wide bikeway plan that
             calls for construction of a bikeway along the new Water Street Expressway. This should
             only be considered if full and complete,auto-bike segregation is built into the project
             design. A better approach to providing this north-south bikeway would involve use of
             Napier Avenue and extension west from Field Street to the abandoned portion of Lawrence
             Parkway to Buffalo Road.

             8. Local Road Reconstruction

             Due to present structural conditions, the following roads have been recommended for
             reconstruction within the short-range future:

                  A.  Bell Street (full length)
                  B.  Rankine Avenue (full length)
                  C.  Smithson Avenue (from Main Street to Bell Street)
                  D.  Newton Avenue (from Main Street to Napier Avenue)
                  E.  Napier Avenue (from Iroquois Avenue to Field Street)
                  F.  Frontenac Drive (full length)
                  G.  Joliette Avenue to Putnam Drive (on Dobbins Road)

             The above projects should be prioritized locally, based upon actual road use, conditions
             and capital budgeting. Some of the work on the above roads will also require new curbing
             and drainage facilities.

             9.  Lakecliff Drive/East Lake Road

             In order to facilitate safe and convenient travel across the westbound lane of East Lake
             Road onto eastbound travel on East Lake Road, it is recommended that the median strip
             be reduced to provide a limited eastbound lane which would channelize into the current
             two (2) lane eastbound traffic flow. An example of this proposal is present at the cur-
             rent Harvey Avenue and East Lake Road intersection.

             10. Extension of Lakeside Drive

             Should the property in the northwest portion of the Township be subdivided in the future,
             Lakeside Drive should be extended and connected into the City of Erie local street sys-
             tem at Euclid Avenue and Lakeside Drive. A southerly local connector with East Lake Road
             should be discouraged due to proximity with the Franklin Avenue and East Lake Road inter-
             section and the existing commercial frontage along East Lake Road. An interior loop with
             two (2) tiers of lots is suggested as a potential subdivision layout. The extension of
             Cabot Avenue would be ideal. However, houses are now present and block access.

             11. Iroquois Avenue and East Lake Road Intersection Improvement

             This intersection is burdened by a ninety (90) degree angle for traffic movement access
             to a very well travelled East Lake Road as well as cross turning movements onto Iroquois
             Avenue from East Lake Road. Also, the close proximity to Lawrence Parkway and current
             traffic lighting controls further compound the problem. As a high priority intersection
             improvement project, two (2) potential solutions should be considered. First and fore-
             most, Township officials should request that the intersection undergo an ECONS cost-
             benefit analysis through the District 1-0 Office of the PaDOT and County Planning.
             Pending favorable findings of their analysis in the area of fuel savings and pollution
             control, improvements could be made to the current overhead traffic control lights to
             better direct traffic at this intersection. Secondly, consideration and follow-up
             traffic engineering analysis should focus on using the Township owned property at the
             point of Iroquois Avenue and East Lake Road, for a more direct (T type) connection
             to East Lake Road.

                                                   -70-

             IMPLEMENTATION

             Erie Area Transportation Study

             The Erie Area Transportation Study (EATS) was initiated in 1963 through a coopera-
             tive agreement between Federal, State and local agencies. The study design is in
             accordance with guidelines issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation for a
             continuing, comprehensive and coordinated transportation planning program in urban-
             ized areas, as required by the 1962 Federal Highway Act. By satisfying these.re-
             quirements,-EATS assures the area continued Federal Aid for transportation
             improvements.

             The study is carried on under the direction of Coordinating and Technical Committees
             which are composed of City, County, State and Federal officials. The Technical Com-
             mittee oversees technical analysis and presents its findings to the Coordinating
             Committee with recommendations for action. The Coordinating Committee is the policy
             making body for the study, directs its overall program, and makes final decisions
             on plans and programs.

             Representation on the highly influential Coordinating Committee is available to the
             officials of Lawrence Park Township as a voting member. It is, therefore, strongly
             recommended that the Township continue participation in EATS to promote the inclu-
             sion of needed highway improvement projects involving problem areas within the
             Township.

             Priority and Responsibility

             The priority system utilized through the remainder of the transportation plan is
             based on the concept of practicality and feasibility. This concept produces the
             greatest improvements for the public investment in the shortest time. Consequently,
             the priority system includes three stages of implementation which are:

                  1.  High Priority: From an immediate to a five year completion target
                      date including relatively low investment recommendations to correct
                      minor and/or long standing deficiencies in the present transporta-
                      tion system.

                  2.  Medium Priority: From a five to ten (5 to 10) year completion
                      target date including the higher  investment safety deficiency and
                      the least costly circulation recommendations.

                  3.  Long Range: A completion target date span of from ten to twenty
                      (10 to 20) years including necessary, but costly, circulation improve-
                      ment recommendations.

             With the above in view, the following project prio  -rities and responsibilities are
             recommended:

                                                    -71-

                           Project                                       Priority             Responsibility/Funding

               (1)   Lawrence Parkway and East Lake                   High Priority           EATS/PaDOT
                     Road Intersection

               (2)   Lawrence Parkway & Main Street                   High Priority           EATS/PaDOT

               (3)   Nagle Road & East Lake Road
                     Signalization                                    High Priority           EATS/PaDOT

               (4)   Nagle Road Reopening and
                     Related Improvements                             High Priority           P.U.C./Harborcreek,
                                                                                              Lawrence Park &
                                                                                              Wesleyville Borough

               (5) Water Street Expressway                            Long Range              EATS/PaDOT & U.S. DOT/
                                                                                              UMTA

               (6) East-West Light Rail                               Long Range              EATS/PaDOT & U.S. DOT/
                                                                                              UMTA

             (7A)    Iroquois Avenue Bikeways                         High Priority           Lawrence Park & PaDOT

             (7B)    Nagle Road Bikeway                               Medium Priority         Lawrence Park & PaDOT

             (7C)    Napier/Field/Lawrence
                     Parkway Bikeway                                  Long Range              Lawrence Park & PaDOT

               (8)   Local Reconstruction and
                     Repavement                                       To Be Determined        Lawrence Park &
                                                                                              Liquid Fuels

               (9)   Lakeeliff Drive/East Lake
                     Road Median Strip Channel                        Medium Priority         PaDOT

             (10)    Lakeside Drive Extension                         Pending Subdivision     Private
                                                                      Activity

             (11)    Iroquois Avenue and                              High Priority           PaDOT & Lawrence Park
                     East Lake Road Intersection

               All projects are identified on the accompanying Transportation Plan Map according to
               number.

                                                            -72-

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                                       COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN

            The Community Infrastructure Plan is the fourth and final component of the Compre-
            hensive Plan. It includes analysis and recommendations for improving existing
            facilities as well as providing new facilities where necessary. The Plan is
            divided into five basic subsections: (1) education, (2) recreation, (3) public
            utilities, (4) municipal buildings, and (5) fire and police protection. Communi-
            ty infrastructure items are a most appropriate item for comprehensive planning as
            the health, safety, welfare and quality of life of the community's residents de-
            pend upon the various community systems and services provided. For the most part,
            these facilities are in place and meet high standards in Lawrence Park.

            EDUCATION

            The Iroquois School District, which includes the neighboring community of Wesleyville,
            serves Lawrence Park. The School. District presently operates three schools, two of
            which 'are in Lawrence Park. The largest is the Iroquois Junior-Senior High School
            located on a twenty-six acre site adjacent to Lawrence Park's business area. It is
            an excellent facility completed in the mid-sixties and having a field house and out-
            door recreation facilities on the same site.

            The District has two elementary schools. The Wesleyville School is the oldest of
            the structures and is handicapped by a relatively small site (2.3 acres) in a com-
            pactly developed area, but--as the only school located near Wes@eyville children--
            it is being improved and will be retained.

            The Lawrence Park Elementary School is sited across Iroquois Avenue from the Junior-
            Senior High on an attractive and centrally located tract of ten acres. This school,
            dating originally from 1924, has had several enlargements and renovations with the
            latest being in 1980.

            Enrollments have been dropping in the School District and are projected to continue
            to decrease. Past trends and projections are summarized on the accompanying Table,
            and show a substantial decrease in all grades. The decrease results in part from
            the general reduction in the birth rate which has been a national phenomenon, and
            in part from the aging of the resident population. Even if a major change in the
            birth rate experience should occur, the smaller proportion of young families in
            the Iroquois District would result in a reduced student load.

                                                  -73-

                                                     Table 26

                                             School Enrollment Trends
                                             Iroquois School District
                                                     1964-1989

                                           GRADES                                 SUB TOTALS
                                                                                                     - GRAND
      @ar* K       1    2    3    4@    5   67     7    8     9   10   11    12             7-91 1102  TOTAL

      )64 188 165    174 175    161  142  146 152    146 159    141 162    126   702 449    457  429    2037

      )69  169 173   155  156   174  169  174   187  202   174  170  177   176   653   517  563  523    2256

      )74  162 131   149  156   126  150  166   168  132   204  187  195   195   569   442  504  577    2121

      )79  134 134   111  111   136  131  119   139  140   144  150  161   150   490   386  423  461    1761

        84  92 116   108  113     67 120  128   103  105   134  128  116   132   429   345  342  376    1492

      '89  110  112  114  112   110    92 116   108  113     97 120  128   103   448   318  318  351    1435

       School Year  Ending. SOURCE: Enrollments     and Projections  by Iroquois School District.

             The Primary School is in excellent structural condition and considering its convenient
             location, this structure has already been scheduled and designed for reuse as an ex-
             tended elderly care center. The School District's recent sale of this property in-
             cluded an additional small piece of property which included a portion of the football
             field necessitates a slight relocation of the field to the north. The rezoning de-
             cision to enable the renovation of the Primary School Building to the Extended
             Elderly Care Center was approved in 1983.

             Since the Iroquois School District is the responsible agency for planning and imple-
             menting the educational needs of the Township, no attempt will be made herein to dupli-
             cate its efforts. There should, however, be a close level of coordination between the
             Township government and the School District in certain areas and as such, the
             following general planning recommendations are made:

             (1)   All physical facility development plans of the School District should be
                   reviewed by the Township Planning Commission and Board of Commissioners
                   for coordination with the Township Comprehensive Plan.

             (2)   Act 247, Section 305 requires that at least thirty (30) days prior to the
                   execution of any relocation, demolition, removal or sale of any school
                   district structure or land, that the school district must submit its
                   proposed actions to the Township and County Planning Commission for review
                                                                                   03
                                                                                 7 2  441
                                                                                          9
                                                                                 6513  517

                   and recommendation.

                                                       -74-

             (3) The planning and programming of recreational facilities and services is an
                 area which deserves close coordination between the District and Township.
                 A certain percentage of School Board representation on the Township Recrea-
                 tion Commission should be maintained to provide for this ongoing need.

             (4) Problems relating to road conditions, intersection deficiencies, signing
                 and signalization that are faced by the District's transportation system
                 deserve high priority treatment and an open door to communication between
                 the Township and School District must always be maintained.

             RECREATION

             Lawrence Park holds within its name a promise that is well kept. One of the objec-
             tives of Lawrence Park is that no child should have to walk more than one-quarter
             mile to a playground. The park locations shown on the adjacent map show that the
             community is very close to meeting this objective. Parks are conveniently located
             to all residential districts, and are well improved with recreational equipment.
             Indeed, the only dwellings which do not enjoy walking access to a community park
             are those in the mobile home park south of the railroad; this can be solved with
             the opening of Nagle Road as explained in the Transportation Plan.

             The park system along Four Mile Creek provides the most diverse and complete recrea-
             tional facilities within the Township. The park itself serves as a buffer between
             the residential neighborhood and the General Electric Plant and utilizes and con-
             serves the creek as a natural element interspersed within the developed area. Since
             this creek is also the area most prone to flooding in the community, its use for
             recreational purposes serves the public goal of protecting properties from natural
             hazard. The west side of the creek is used for a community playfield with baseball
             diamonds as the major use. The east side of the creek contains central playground
             facilities including play apparatus, shelters for picnicking and craft programs,
             and tennis courts. The park extends from East Lake Road south to the railroads,
             but most of the facilities are located north of Main Street. Bank erosion along
             the entire length of the recreational area has occurred during periods of heavy
             runoff and has damaged the playground area. Steps must be taken to stabilize the
             bank to prevent further damage to this facility. As of this writing, a funding
             application has been submitted and approved by the Pennsylvania Department of
             Community Affairs (DCA) to implement this necessary project.

             As was recommended in the Transportation Plan, the rerouting of the Bikeway from
             Lawrence Parkway to Napier Avenue on the east side of Four Mile Creek Park would
             further enhance the recreational use of the Park as well as provide safety due
             to the longer-range programmed Water Street Expressway.

             An expansion of the Park along Four Mile Creek is possible on the former site of
             the first public school in Lawrence Park. This school sat on the small block
             surrounded by Napier, Priestley,Morse and Draper. The site is a little more
             than two acres in area and has been acquired by the Township from the School
             District. The site is level and wooded and is used for passive and creative
             recreation even though no improvements have yet been made to the site. Due to
             its ownership, location and past favorable comments by the U.S. Department of
             Housing and Urban Development, the Planning Commission considers that a portion
             of this site should be reserved for the Elderly Housing Project, as was discussed
             in the Housing Plan. Should this site be approved for such purposes, it is
             recommended that the western half of the block be retained as much as possible

                                                  -75-

            in an undeveloped state for the passive recreation needs of the elderly and as a
            connecting buffer to Four Mile Creek Park.

            The Lakeside Township Park is located in the center of the residential neighbor-
            hood north of East Lake Road. This park extends south from Lake Erie across
            Lakeside Drive and continues between Putnam Drive and Joliette Avenue to Dobbins
            Road. Playground apparatus and a tennis court are located in the southern portion
            of the park which centrally locates them to the area residents. Restructuring of
            this recreational area is necessary to eliminate overlapping usage for baseball
            and playground areas. The addition of a second tennis court is also desirable.
            The Township has a launching ramp on Lake Erie for use by residents. The ramp
            is made of concrete. However, it is in very poor condition and should be recon-
            structed. This park is centered on a drainage course which allows a more gentle
            grade for an approach to the Lake than is possible anywhere else in the Township
            other than Four Mile Creek. Since the Lake is an exceptional asset for the Town-
            ship, every effort should be made to utilize it. This should include an expansion
            of the area adjacent to the Lake to include recreational facilities in addition to
            the reconstructed boat launching ramp.

            In 1982 the Township, via a Coastal Zone Management grant, had its engineers
            develop an updated Design Study of the Lakeside Recreation Area. The final recom-
            mendations of this Study are shown in a phased approach on the two (2) accompanying
            plates. These plates were extracted from the Lakeside Feasibility and Design Study
            as prepared by Urban Engineers, Inc. in September 1982, and represent the Township's
            long-range plan for this park. A full explanation of the phased approach is in-
            cluded within the aforementioned study.

            Elbow Tree Park, located on a block of its own (surrounded by Emmet Drive, Rankine
            Avenue, Smithson Avenue and Niagara Place) as well as the three (3) small trian-
            gular parks located along Iroquois Avenue are parks that should continue to be
            used for passive recreation use.

            Finally, the School District provides numerous recreational facilities that com-
            plement the Township's program. There are recreational facilities located at the
            Junior-Senior High School. Playground equipment is located on the western edge
            of the school property, tennis courts on the eastern edge and three baseball
            fields along the southern boundary. There is a very active youth baseball program
            that utilizes these fields but there are no sanitary facilities at the present time.
            Provisions were made in the construction of the school bus garage to facilitate
            the addition of these facilities at a later date. The addition of these facilities
            in the near future should be considered. The High School area also contains a
            large "green" area between the school building and the athletic field. The usage
            of this area is severely hampered by a runoff creek that flows through the center
            of this area. This small creek should be tubed and the area leveled over to make
            it possible to better utilize this spot for recreational purposes.

            Adjacent to the elementary school is another primary recreational area. This area
            includes a playground, two softball fields, a football field and an ice skating
            pond with a changing and warming building. The expansion of the playground to
            include a total play facility which develops physical fitness and creative develop-
            ment would give the Township a unique play facility which would be more creative,

                                                   -76-

            safer and more beneficial to the children of the community than a conventional
            playground incorporating individual play apparatus. This is the best location
            for this facility as it is the most centrally located to the community and the
            elementary school. Joint planning and financing by the School District and Town-
            ship is recommended for this improvement.

            UTILITIES

            The current network of public utilities is shown on the accompanying map. Unlike
            most communities in Erie County, Lawrence Park is totally served by public water
            and sewer service. No on-lot systems are necessary. Private extensions to the
            two (2) development opportunity tracts (the Golf Course and the northwest section
            of the Township) can be made off of existing major distribution lines on East
            Lake Road.

            Both water and sanitary sewers are extensions of the City of Erie's systems. Im-
            provements to the Township's system will be limited to the replacement of old
            water.mains and the addition of new lines to complete loops which will ensure
            even pressure for increased fire protection. The Township's Engineers have iden-
            tified a number of existing six (6) inch water line deadends which need to be
            converted into loops to provide better pressure. The City plans to improve water
            service to the area by the installation of a twenty-four inch main along East Lake
            Road into Harborcreek Township, and by a thirty inch line along Buffalo Road.

            Minor problems occur in the sanitary sewerage system and this is a dual result
            of the age of the sewer lines and needs created by additional development outside
            of the Township. The most immediate problem that the Township must solve is
            founded within a 290 foot section of fifteen (15) inch sewer pipe, immediately
            north of Wesleyville Borough on Lawrence Parkway. A recent television camera
            inspection revealed sections of pipe that were missing, crushed and cracked
            with some badly off-set joints throughout this span. As this sewer line is the
            only transmission line carrying Wesleyville sewage to the City-of Erie's Waste-
            water Treatment Plant, the project is a joint priority. A project funding appli-
            cation has been submitted by both municipalities to the Pennsylvania Department
            of Commerce for a Community Facilities (Harness Racing Bill) grant to match local
            funds to implement the renovation of this line. The Township's Engineers have
            identified the eventual replacement of the remaining 15 inch line along Lawrence
            Parkway to be an upcoming capital need of the Township.

            The need to construct a new and continuous twelve (12) inch sewer interceptor
            line along Iroquois Avenue, from Main Street to East Lake Road, to improve collec-
            tion in the southern portion of the Township has also been identified as a long-
            range need by the Township Engineers. Other project needs of a long-range nature
            include the construction of a new lift station at East Lake Road and Iroquois
            Avenue with the addition and update of existing pumping facilities.

            The use of a television camera inspection program (as was used along Lawrence
            Parkway) is recommended to be utilized for an update program on the eight (8)
            inch lines which serve the majority of the local system.

                                                  -77-

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             MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS

             The governmental offices of Lawrence Park Township are housed in a converted
             dwelling on Silliman Street between Iroquois and Main. The structure is inade-
             quate and does not meet acceptable safety standards for a public building. It
             is located on a parcel containing three lots. The structure must also provide
             offices for the police as well as other Township purposes. The space is inade-
             quate for these needs. There is no space for meetings of the Commissioners and
             other boards. An unmanned post office is located on the same site, and is con-
             venient to the residents of the Township.

             A fire station owned by the Township is sited across the street from the
             Township Building on the northeast corner of Main and Silliman. In addition to
             providing for the garaging of fire fighting equipment, the structure provides
             meeting rooms for the firemen. This space, in the absence of adequate room in
             the Township Building, also provides for meetings of the Township Boards.

             As this situation is far from ideal, the plan calls for the construction of a
             new Township Building on the northwest corner of Main and Silliman. The struc-
             ture would occupy a site presently utilized by a gas station. The site abuts the
             three lots already owned by the Township so that ample parking can be provided,
             serving the needs of the post office, the volunteer firemen and the business
             district in addition to those of the police and Township administration.

             A structure of approximately 6,000 square feet should be ample for the needs of
             the Township. The new Township Building is also intended to provide an important
             element in the revitalization of the business district. Its central location,
             open space, landscaping, off-street parking facilities, and--most importantly--
             its indication of community commitment to an improved Lawrence Park should combine
             to stimulate other investment to help revitalize the central business district.

             PROTECTION

             The Township of Lawrence Park is fortunate to have a very active and committed
             Volunteer Fire Company. This observation is also shared by the community as the
             recent opinion survey of the Planning Commission found that approximately 91%
             of all respondents had rated fire protection as either good or excellent in the
             Township.

             The Volunteer Fire Company currently (1983) consists of about 30 volunteers from
             the Township. A reciprocal assist relationship with the nearby volunteer companies
             of Wesleyville, Fairfield, Harborcreek and Brookside is in place to provide for
             additional firefighting capacity as needed. The Volunteers have been very active
             as of late in fire prevention education programming and this has spanned the
             schools to the business community.

             The Company has recently solicited bids for its major capital needs, i.e. a 1500
             gallon per minute pumper/tanker. This major rolling stock addition will be added
             to the existing equipment and no further additions are felt to be necessary in
             the short-range future.

                                                   -78-

            The major problem facing the fire company is the settling of fire hydrants through-
            out the community which can in emergency situations hamper or make it nearly im-
            possible to hook up hosing without on-the-spot (and timely) excavating. As such,
            it is recommended that an early action program be undertaken by the Township to
            correct this most serious safety problem.

            Police protection in the Township is provided by a small Township force and it
            should be noted that the State Police Barracks is also housed within the Township.
            Local law enforcement constitutes an area of municipal services vital to every
            citizen. Municipalities must be prepared to provide a range and level of police
            service that will make citizens feel secure in their homes and communities.

            The primary purpose of a police department is to provide a service to its community
            that ensures preservation of peace, the protection of life and property against
            attacks by criminals, and protection against injury by the careless and inadvertent
            offender.

            If a police department is to maintain its effectiveness or achieve a level of
            acceptable effectiveness, it must be able to meet certain standards. Accompanying
            this section is a check list for evaluating police capabilities, services rendered
            and supportive services. This check list was derived from a 1974 study conducted
            by the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs.

            It is suggested that Lawrence Park officials and the Police Department utilize
            the check list to determine the Department's overall effectiveness. If they are
            not satisfied with the results of their evaluation, then it is suggested that
            both groups undertake the necessary corrective actions to eliminate areas of con-
            cern or deficiency. Finally, it should be noted that the Pennsylvania Department
            of Community Affairs' (DCA) Bureau of Local Government Services provides a police
            management technical assistance program for communities interested in receiving
            outside recommendations. Should the Commissioners be interested, their requests
            should be made through the Erie Regional Office of the DCA.

                                                  -79-

                                       Police Service Evaluation Checklist

             This checklist was prepared to aid local officials in evaluating their pre-sent police services In
        light of standards expressed by professionals in the law enforcement field, municipal officials, and
        the public.
             Local law enforcement constitute@. an area of municipal services vital to every citizen.
        Municipalities must beprepared to provide a range and level of poli                       Ice services that will make
        citizens feel   'secure In their homes and communities. For a police department to maintain opera-
        tional effectiveness it must be able to meet the following standards; If it cannot, there is a serious
        deficiency in the service it provides. The methods outlined in the article should then be utilized to
        improve the police department's service.
        Grade
        Points                   Municipal Police Standards (Capabilities)
                                 1.)   Provide 24-hour coverage for police services.
                                 2.)   Potential for back-up support for police officers on duty.
                                 3.)   Provide preventive patrols to minimize crime, traffic accidents, violations of the law.
                                 4.)   Professionally staffed communications system.
                                 5.)   Capability for continuous communication with adjacent law enforcement agencies.
                                 6.)   EffectivecommunicabonvAth the public to keep them informed of procedures by which
                                       the police may be called for assistance.during emergencies.
                                 7.)   An efficient records system.
                                 8.)   Cooperative police community relations programs.
                                 9.)   Capability to plan for a variety of emergencies such as civil disorders, riots, and major
                                       disasters.
                                 10.)  Efficient use of available resources to keep costs at reasonable levels.
                                 Municipal Police Standards (Services Rendered)
                                 11.)  Arrest of persons who violate the various federal, state, and local laws; the service of
                                       summonses and citations instead of arrest; and the giving of warnings instead of
                                       summonses and citations.
                                 12.)  Obtain evidence lawfully; protect, gather and preliminarily process evriden        ce at the
                                       scene of a crime: and forward evidence to a crime laboratory for analysis.
                                 13.)  Investigate complaints from the public; conduct preliminary and continuing investiga-
                                       tions-, and receive assistance from state and federal agencies when necessary.
                                 14.)  Interview complaintants and witnesses professionally with regard for civil rights of
                                       prisoners/suspects.
                                 15.)  Selectively enforce juvenile laws; operate within department guidetnes when it is
                                       necessary to interview, warn, or refer a child to a representative of the juvenile court.
                                 16.)  Appear as a witness in court; cooperate with the district attorney, coroner, parole or
                                       probation officer or other court officials.
                                 17.)  Enforce traffic laws; direct traffic, investigate traffic accidents; give traffic information,
                                       and test for the influence of alcohol or drugs.
                                 18.)  Provide temporary custody and detention for all prisoners in accordance with special
                                       requirements for women and juveniles.
                                 19.)  Restrain criminals and those of unsound mind with use of only necessary force.
                                 20.)  Attempt to settle all disputes peacefully, taking legal action as a last resorL
                                 21.)  Prevent street disorders from becoming riotous conditions through prompt police
                                       action.
                                 Municipal Police Standards (Supportive Services)
                                 22.)  Assistance to persons who are mentally ill. -
                                 23.)  Give first aid to those who are injured in traffic or other accidents.
                                 24.)  Coordinate emergency action in a variety -of circumstances. relating to dangerous
                                       conditions.
                                 25.)  Maintain liaison with community agencies capable of providing assistance to persons
                                       who need medical or financial help.
                                 26.)  Protect minors found living under circimstances indicating that they are in danger of
                                       abuse or neglect; notifying parents, guardians, appropriate child welfare or religious
                                       agencies.
          Rating             Accumulated Grade Points
          Excellent         23 1o26          Good       - 20 to 22           Fa ir      - 17 to 19           Poor           0 to 16
          SOURCE:       PA Department of Comunity Affairs                         -8o-

                                              IMPLEMENTATION

            The implementation of the Lawrence Park Township Plan will require concerted action
            by many agencies, groups and officials. The purpose of this section is to provide
            an overall summary of the major projects, programs and opportunities as well as
            identify the means through which they can be implemented.

            LAND USE CONTROLS

            The majority of the land use recommendations can be implemented without major cost
            to the Township through updating and preparing new land use controls. The update
            of the Township's Zoning Ordinance to put the Land Use Plan in motion should be the
            first priority of the Township. The adoption of a Subdivision and Land Development
            Ordinance and a Planned Residential Ordinance should also be pursued in the short-
            range future (within five years) with priority given to the Subdivision Ordinance
            first, as small scale developments are more apt to occur during this period.

            While the Township Planning Commission is fairly familiar with the Zoning and Sub-
            division tools, it should not underestimate the longer range importance of the
            Planned Residential Development Ordinance should the Golf Course cease its opera-
            tions and development pressures increase.

            The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (Act 247) provides the enabling
            legislation for local governments to enact Planned Residential Development (PRD)
            Ordinances, which combine elements of both the zoning and the subdivision and land
            development ordinances into a more flexible and innovative design approach. The
            purposes for adopting a PRD ordinance include:

                 a.  To meet the growing demand for all housing types.
                 b.  To add design flexibility.
                 c.  To encourage innovations in residential development.
                 d.  To encourage a more efficient use of land and public services.
                 e.  To provide a procedure which can relate the type, design, and
                     layout of the development to the site.

            Basically, PRD regulations establish certain overall standards for density, water
            supply, sewage disposal, percentage of open space, and so on. The developer is per-
            mitted considerable flexibility within these established criteria, given the approval
            of PRD plans by the electorate. PRD is, however, only an option which is available
            to the developer meeting certain criteria.

            Properly designed and administered, a PRD can benefit both the developer and the
            municipality. The PRD generally permits the developer to increase his overall
            density in return for a percentage of total land used for and devoted to common
            open space. The developer benefits by having increased design flexibility and fewer
            roads and utility lines. The municipality benefits by a centralization of service
            areas, less maintenance, more beneficial use of developable land area, and the
            reservation of common open space.

            CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT REVITALIZATION

            As stated in the Central Business District Plan and the Community Development
            Goals and Objectives, the revitalization of the Central Business District is
            the major land use element- The necessity of a joint public and private program
            is most apparent. The Central Business District Plan offered general recom'menda-
            tions and alternatives to meet the revitalization objective. Specifics should,
            however, be worked out by the Township and as such it is highly recommended that
            an overall Central Business District design and cost feasibility study be pre-
            pared, with the participation of the local business community, in the immediate
            future. As suggested in the Plan, DCA planning monies should be pursued for
            this project. The assistance of the County Planning Department staff and/or a
            professional grantsman is warranted for application purposes. However, a proven
            economic development specialist with hands-on CBD experience should be procured
            to develop the final plan.

            The details of the LERTA Ordinance should also be firmed up by the Township within
            the short-range future and this will require communication with the County Board
            of Assessment and the School District.

            Finally, the Appendix includes several land use'related Federal/State grant pro-
            grams that should be pursued during the implementation stage.

            HOUSING CONSERVATION PROGRAM

            instituting a,conservation program to preserve Lawrence Park's housing stock is
            an essential element of the Housing Plan. Recognizing that the majority of the
            Township's housing stock is in sound condition means that conservation practices
            are.the foundation of the Housing Plan. 'Priority should be given to Neighborhoods
            4, 5 and 6, since most of these areas meet1the following criteria which consti-
            tutes a conservation program.

                  (A)  Time - The length of time the present land use pattern should
                       continue in an area is an essential criteria in determining
                       whether it should receive a high or low priority for treatment
                       utilizing housing law enforcement to maintain minimum standards
                       and protect general health and safety. Since all of the pre-sent
                       residential neighborhoods are proposed to continue as residential
                       areas, a conservation program is essential to conserve/preserve
                       the existing sound structures and ensure the rehabilitation/
                       removal of substandard structures to prevent the spread of
                       blight.

                  (B)  Condition and Type of Structures - If the structures in the area
                       are in such a dilapidated condition that they are not worth saving,
                       then the area does not warrant conservation action. Obviously,
                       this is not the case in La'wrence Park as the overwhelming majority
                       of its housing is sound.

                                                   -82-

                  (C)  Use - The use designated by the community comprehensive plan or as
                       dictated by strong community factors may determine whether particular
                       structures should be preserved. Since this comprehensive plan
                       basically proposes the continuation of the Township's present residen-
                       tial areas,. there is no doubt that existing, sound residential struc-_
                       tures should be preserved.

                  (D)  Land Coverage   If the structures are so large and so placed upon
                       their lots as to create  a density that exceeds acceptable standards,
                       conservation would only  tend to preserve this undesirable density.
                       While there are some isolated situations where such conditions exist,
                       it is expected that the Township can effectively deal with these situa-
                       tions on a case-by-case basis to minimize future problems as well as
                       control further density increases via zoning.

             In order to implement a meaningful and effective housing conservation program, an
             overall code enforcement program will eventually be required. A housing code is
             the legal tool for ensuring that residential structures meet basic health and safety
             standards to serve not only the welfare of the occupant, but'also, adjoining pro-
             perty owners and the community at large. A Code Enforcement Program need not be
             so comprehensive in scope that it becomes an overwhelming.administrative and com-
             pliance nightmare.

             Another important component of any conservation program is financial in nature. One
             barrier to code compliance is generally the fear of property reassessment, due to the
             present tax structure. As such, property tax valuations should not be increased
             upon completion of work done specifically to meet code standards. In line with this
             policy, the municipality seeking to enforce codes successfully should publicly adver-
             tise a list of improvements which would not result in any increased assessment.
             Another method which could beutilized in a conservation effort is a,tax credit as
             an incentive to encourage owners of homes to bring them up to housing code standards.
             For example, a tax credit of 10% on repairs up to $3,000 per dwelling could be granted
             for a period of 2 or 3 years if the work was accomplished within that period. The
             specific parameters of this program would be determined by the Township depending
             upon what it estimates it can afford in discounted tax receipts. In making this de-
             cision, local officials should consider that for every $1,000 of credit, $10,000
             worth of improvements will.have been made, contributing a great deal to the overall
             housing quality.

             Conservatio'n and code enforcement must also be tempered with the knowledge that low
             income and elderly live.in some of the units which do not meet minimum standards.
             They either cannot afford to do the necessary repairs themselves or they cannot
             afford the higher rents which would often accompany repair. For this reason, housing
             code enforcement must be coupled with some form of assistance when dealing with these
             cases. As such, governmental.rehabilitation financial programs should be used in
             combination with code enforcement.

             Considering the current state of flux, uncertainty and potential funding reductions
             within Federal housing assistance pr ograms, one option to consider in meeting the
             financial needs of the low income and elderly within the Township is the development
             of a locally subsidized housing "rehab" program. The program would be ideally spon-
             sored at the County level for all communities, with the administrative and technical
             support of the County Redevelopment Authority. Under such a program, the Township
             would create a special housing "rehab" fund and at the same time arrange for a line
             of credit at a cooperating bank. By pre-arranged agreement the Township would be

                                                   -83-

             permitted to make loans to qualified home owners by drawing from its line of credit.
             A portion of the "rehab" fund would then be used to discount the interest on the
             homeowners loan.

             It is probable 'that the Township could induce the cooperating bank to authorize
             loans at below-market rates. While the homeowner would be the ultimate recipient
             of the loan, the loan would actually be made to the Township. Thus, the interest
             earned by the bank would be tax-free, and therein lies the inducement of the bank
             to cooperate in the program. As a further inducement to encourage homeowner's par-
             ticipation in the "rehab" loan-program, the municipality would subsidize a portion
             of the already below-market rate--say one or two percent--and that subsidy (aiffer7,
             en'tial) would be paid to the bank in a lump sum immediately upon the execution of
             the loan to the homeowner. As a service to the Township and the loan recipient, the
             cooperating bank would service the loan papers; however, the homeowner would remain
             responsible to the municipality.

             One other option that could be used immediately,  while the previous items are being
             worked out and coordinated, involves the use of voluntary improvements. "Clean-up,
             Fix-up and Paint-up" campaigns can be effective methods of initiating voluntary
             improvement programs and frequently many owners make an honest attempt to equal or
             better the requirements established by a community. However, the problem lies with,
             those owners who cannot afford to make the recommended or required improvements or
             refuse to do so. The only solution in this instance involves the implementation of
             all or part of the preceding conservation program.

             HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY

             As indicated in the Housing Plan, there is a strong desire and need to provide for
             housing for the elderly in the Township. The implementation of this project will
             requirea sponsor; whether the sponsor is public, non-profit or private will'be
             determined by the availability of grant and/or loan money-under one or. more of@the
             housing programs listed in the Appendix.

             While elderly need was determined in the Housing Plan, based upon current Federal
             housing assistance standards, it is recommended that the Township once again survey
             the needs of its elderly to determine real world demand.' Secondly, the Township
             should communicate with various Federal housing program managers and private de-
             velopers to explain its elderly housing needs and potential sites listed in the
             Housing Plan. Coordination should also be made with the Erie County Housing
             Authority, for potential direct public sponsorship and/or technical assistance in
             dealing with the State and Federal bureaucracy in identifying other project
             funding packages.

             CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAMMING

             In order to implement the identified capital projects listed as Township responsi-
             bilities under the Transportation, Housing and Infrastructure Plans, capital im-
             provements programming is strongly recommended.

                                                   -84-

            The objective of capital improvement programming (CIP) is threefold: (1) Identify
            all capital spending projects (new building and new equipment, road paving, parks
            improvements, etc.) by scope and cost, (2) determine priorities in line with real-
            istic needs, and (3) budget the priorities within the framework of available
            finances. The CIP process should cover a period of no more than six (6) years and
            should be updated annually. The CIP process is essentially a framework for evaluation
            and use of the Township Commissioners. It should provide a basis for the capital pro-
            gramming decisions of the Township. Based upon the updated results of the CIP process
            an annual capital budget should be prepared at the same time as the general operating
            budget. Capital improvement programming also aids in the following:

                 (1) To assist government in presenting a comprehensive picture of
                      capital projects for which public funding is needed.

                 (2)  To assure that projects are well thought out preceding
                      construction.

                 (3)  To assure that projects will be discharged in order of their
                      predetermined priority and to plan in advance for the
                      funding required.

                 (4)  To help in the coordination of projects to avoid waste and
                      duplication of effort.

                 (5)  To permit better use of State and Federal funding.

                 (6)  To protect the Township from undue influence of special
                      interest groups in pet projects.

                 (7)  To aid in encouraging a balanced, predetermined order of
                      development, thus avoiding impetuous actions.

            REGIONAL COOPERATION

            Lawrence.Park has recently joined together with several other communities to discuss
            potential joint roles and relationships. In Pennsylvania, there are three (3) main
            approaches to intergovernmental cooperation: -the agreement, the joint authority,
            and voluntary councils of government. Examples of past regional cooperation in
            eastern Erie County is limited. However, the tri-party authority between Lawrence
            Park, Harborcreek, and Wesleyville, that led to the construction of the swimming
            pool complex at the suburban YMCA site is a good example of what can be accomplished
            when there is a common goal.

            Various subject areas that can and should be considered as potential regional roles
            ,for Lawrence Park Township include code enforcement, ordinance administration,
            refuse collection and disposal, police protection, grantsmanship activities, and
            .joint purchasing. The form and substance of regional cooperation should be deter-
            mined by Township officials in the immediate future.so that new and more cost-
            effective regional approaches may be implemented. Technical assistance in forming
            the most ideal intergovernmental agreement can be made available through the
            Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs' Bureau of Local Government Services.

                                                   -85-

                                               APPENDIX

                                                to the

                                        LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP

                                       COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE

                            APPENDIX A 'COASTALIZONE POLICY FRAMEWORK AND
                                           SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONCERNS

                            APPENDIX B FEDERAL AND STATE ASSISTANCE

                            APPENDIX C 1980 CENSUS STATISTICS

                            APPENDIX D OPINION SURVEY AND RESPONSES

                                                                                APPENDIX A

                                       COASTAL ZONE POLICY FRAMEWORK

              I. COASTAL HAZARD AREAS

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to require municipalities
              with bluff recession hazard areas along the Lake Erie Shoreline as determinedin
              @the "Shoreline Erosion and Flooding - Erie County" report of 1975 to enact set-
              back ordinances affecting stationary structures. These ordinances will regulate
              construction within a specified distance from the edge of the bluff.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to regulate, through
              permit, the siting of any water obstruction or encroachments along Lake Erie,
              to assure proper planning, design, construction, maintenance and monitoring,
              in order to prevent unreasonable interference with water flow (which includes
              sediment laden beach enriching littoral currents) and the protect navigation.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to assist Erie County
              and affected coastal municipalities in the preparation (individually or jointly
              on a watershed basis) of stormwater management plans and.in the implementation
              of the plans by assisting them in adopting or amending codes, regulations, and
              ordinances to regulate development in such a manner as to mitigate the adverse
              impacts to Lake Erie bluffs due to increased rates of stormwater runoff.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to provide technical
              assistance and advice concerning the design of structural and nonstructural
              methods for shore protection and bluff stabilization.

              In addition, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to continue
              to support scientific research on shore protection, recession rates, littoral
              transport and other aspects of the coastal environment of Lake Erie.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program acting through the
              Department of Environmental Resrouces and in concert with the Department of
              Community Affairs to actively assist and to help ensure that identified flood
              prone'coastal municipalities develop state approved floodplain management
              regulations that incorporate at a minimi- the requirements of the National
              Flood Insurance Program and the requirements of the State Floodplain Management
              Act. In addition, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to
              regulate the construction of or substantial improvement to various types of
              structures and obstructions in the designated floodplains in order to:
              (i) encourage planning and development in floodplains which are consistent with
              sound land use practices; (ii) protect people and property in floodplains from
              the dangers and damage of floodwaters and from materials carried by such flood-
              waters; (iii) prevent and eliminate urban and rural blight which results from
              the damages of flooding; Uv) implement a comprehensive and coordinated program
              of floodplain management, based upon the National Flood Insurance Program,
              designed to preserve and restore the efficiency and carrying capacity of the
              streans and floodplains of the Commonwealth; (v) assist municipalities in
              qualifying for the National Flood Insurance Program; (vi) provide for and en-
              courage local administration and management of floodplains; and (vii) minimize
              the expenditure of public and private funds for flood control projects and for
              relief, rescue and recovery efforts.

                                                    A-1

             Furthermore, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to assist
             local municipalities in the amelioration of periodic flooding due to increased
             surface runoff from areas adjacent to the floodway by encouraging the develop-
             ment, on a watershed basis, of comprehensive stormwater management plans that
             prevent increased rates of runoff.

             II. DREDGING AND SPOIL DISPOSAL

             It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure that dredging
             and spoil disposal and related activities including the recovery of commercially
             valuable sand and gravel in the coastal zones will be regulated to protect
             against obstruction to navigation, reductions in flood flow capacity, and
             damages to the public interest, as well as minimize harmful impacts to fish and
             wildlife habitats.

             it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to recommend that
             hydraulic dredging be used instead of mechanical dredging, whenever feasible.

             III. FISHERIES MANAGEIIENT

             It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure that, to the
             extent of intrastate control, that coastal*waters shall not contain substances
             attributable to point or nonpoint source waste discharges in concentration or
             amounts sufficient to be inimical or harmful to the water uses to be protected
             or to human, animal, plant or aquatic life including cold-water fish, warm-water
             fish, or migratory fish.

             It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to manage the Commonwealth's
             coastal waters in such a manner as to augment native stocks and introduce appro-
             priate species, only after careful evaluation, such as muskellunge in the Dela-
             ware Estuary and salmonids in Lake Erie in order to provide diverse, unique,
             and bountiful catches for the Commonwealth's coastal fishermen.

             It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to improve access to
             the Delaware Estuary and the Lake Erie waterfronts through the acquisition of
             new sites and/or the expansion of existing sites.

             It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to undertake detailed
             technical studies of coastal fisheries, their aquatic habitats and associated
             issues that impact their management.

             IV. WETLANDS

             It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to preserve, protect
             and, where possible, enhance or restore the remaining tidal and freshwater wet-
             lands within the Commonwealth's coastal areas by regulating through permit:
             draining, dredging, filling, and other activities that affect water quality
             course, current or cross section of any water course, floodway or body of water.
             This includes regulated activities in or otherwise affecting any important
             wetland.' This will ensure the consideration of the wetlands' public values

                                                   A-2

              such as: areas of fish and wildlife habitat, including endangered species as
              identified in the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, storage areas.for flood
              waters, buffers against shorelineerosion, and water purification areas.

              Furthermore, it is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to protect
              wetlands from cumulative impacts associated with increased runoff from develop-
              ment and other activities occurring in adjacent areas by encouraging the develop-
              ment of comprehensive stormwater management plans, that regulate surface runoff
              and the resultant introduction of sediment, pesticides, salts, and toxic materials
              into wetlands.

              V. PUBLIC ACCESS FOR RECREATION

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to provide addi  tional
              public access opportunities along the waterfronts of Lake Erie and the Delaware
              River for active recreation such as swimming, fishing, and boat launching, as
              well as for more passive activities such as sightseeing and picnicking.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to give high pr  iority
              to acquisition and/or development of GAPC's, nominated as areas of significant.
              natural value, and areas of historical, cultural or recreational significance,
              to provide public access opportunities for active and/or passive forms of recrea-
              tion.

              VI. HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to assist the Pennsylvania
              Historical and Museum Commission in,the  'identification, restoration, and preser-
              vation of archaeologically, architecturally and historically significant sites
              and structures in the Commonwealth's coastal zones.

              VII. PORT ACTIVITIES

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to actively attract and'
              encourage the siting of port dependent economic activities in the Commonwealth's
              coastal ports.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to utilize its fiscal
              and other pertinent resources to support long-range, comprehensive planning for
              the future development and growth of the Port of Erie and the Pennsylvania
              Ports of the Delaware Estuary, which encourages the attraction, enhancement, and
              development of water dependent economic activities.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to utilize fiscal and
              other available management resources to: encourage the enhancement of current
              viable economic activities, encourage the attraction of new economic activities
              which adapt to the areas' changing needs, and encourage improvements in the
              areas' infrastructure to provide a strong economic base for the urbanized sec-
              tions of the Commonwealth's coastal zones.

                                                     A-3

              VIII. ENERGY FACILITY SITING

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure through regula-
              tions, by permit, that energy facilities such as oil and gas refineries, electric
              generating stations (coal, hydro, oil and gas), electric generating substations,
              gas drilling, and liquification of natural gas operations locating in the coastal
              areas are sited in such a manner that the coastal areas ecosystems are not un-
              reasonably adversely affected.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to facilitate the pro-
              duction of natural gas supplies in Lake Erie using proper environmental safe-
              guards that are designed to minimize adverse air and water quality impacts
              associated with resource exploration and development.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to utilize Coastal
              Zone Management funds and provide other pertinent assistance, to encourage
              coastal municipalities to amend their comprehensive plans to reflect the recom-
              mendations contained in the energy facility siting planning process developed
              by the Coastal Zone Management Program, which among-other things recommends
              that whenever feasible, new energy facilities are located adjacent to existing
              ones.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to support the develop-
              ment of outer continental shelf oil and gas resources through all available
              means, provided that the necessary environmental safeguards are enforced
              through regulation by the appropriate federal and state agencies to ensure that
              the integrity'of the adjacent fish and wildlife habitat is not irreparably
              damaged due to drilling and other development activities.

              IX. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION

              It is the policy of the Coasta@l Zone Management Program to initiate a program
              of "State Consistency" to ensure that all state administrative departments and
              independent administrative boards and commissions and other state agencies shall
              enforce and act consistently with the enforceable policies of the Pennsylvania
              Coastal Zone Management Program.

              It it the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to adopt by reference,
              the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act (P.L. 95-217, as amended) and
              to incorporate these requirements into the Commonwealth's Coastal Zone Manage-
              ment Program.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to adopt by reference,
              the requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act and to incorporate these require-
              ments into the Commonwealth's Coastal Zone Management Program.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to periodically initiate,
              coordinate, and participate in comprehensive studies aimed at improving the
              regulatory permitting process in the Commonwealth's coastal zones.

                                                    A-4

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to embrace the concepts
              set forth by "choices" and to promote the policy objectives and policies of
              19choices" in the Commonwealth's coastal zones; to the extent permitted by the
              Coastal Zone Management Program's coordinative mechanisms and implementation
              resources.

                   Choices for Pennsylvanians Objectives

                   1.0  To permanently strengthen Pennsylvania's economic base through
                        innovation and modernization.
                   2.0  To promote the birth and expansion of innovative small businesses.
                   3.0  To make Pennsylvania a better place to-do business.
                   4.0  To. more effectively match people with jobs.
                   5.0  To revitalize Pennsylvania's urban and rural centers.
                   6.0  To strengthen intergovernmental partnerships for-planning and
                        implementing sound development strategies.
                   1.0  To utilize natural resources in a manner which conserves energy
                       .and protects the environment.

              X. PUBLIC IWOLVEMENT

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to ensure that all
              meetings, where formal action is to be taken, be open to the public, preceeded
              by public notice and held in reasonably accessible locations.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to provide citizens,
              special interest groups, and all other segments of the public with opportuni-
              ties for early and continuous involvement a nd participation in the Co=onwealth's
              Coastal Zone Management Program, through the development of effective communica-
              tion and participation measures.

              It is the policy of the Coastal Zone Management Program to   establish a Coastal
              Zone Advisory Committee whose purpose will be to: provide    a forum from which to
              address state and local coordination on coastal issues, periodically review the
              Coastal Zone Management Program with respect to public responsiveness and meet-
              ing the needs of the Co    n ealth, and to advise the Environmental Quality Board
              on regulations affecting coastal resources.

                                                     A-5

                                         SPECIAL MANAGEMENT CONCERNS

            The National Coastal Zone Management Act, while noting the importance of the entire
            coastal zone, declares that certain areas are of greater significance. As a require-
            ment for program approval, the Act requires "an inventory and designation of areas of
            particular concern within the coastal zone".

            There are two types of Geographic Areas of Particular Concern (GAPC's) identified for
            the Lake Erie coastal zone. These are Designated GAPC and Nominated GAPC. High and
            low priorities of use for both types of GAPC have been recommended by the Coastal
            Zone Management Program.

            Designated GAPC

            Designated GAPC within Lawrence Park Township and the guidelines on priorities of
            use are as follows:

                 The Bluff Hazard Recession Area along Lake Erie is managed by the authority
                 of the Bluff Recession and Setback Act. This area is a natural value area
                 which has an even greater than normal degree of sensitivity caused by the
                 bluff recession problem. Highest priority uses are to protect the natural
                 values of the bluffs by requiring a minimum setback distance for all struc-
                 tures built within bluff recession hazard areas. The results will prevent
                 and eliminate urban and rural blight which results from the damages from
                 bluff recession, and protect people and property in bluff areas from the
                 damages of bluff recession. Low priority uses are any activities that would
                 disrupt the natural dynamics in a way that would lead to increased bluff
                 recession rates.

                 Coastal floodplains are managed under the Authority of the Floodplain Manage-
                 ment Act and the Clean Streams Law. These areas are managed in a manner that
                 enhances or maintains their natural function of handling flood flow. H  'igh
                 priority uses are recreational or development activities, which meet the
                 requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program and the State Act, and
                 does not adversely impact the area's function as a floodplain. Low priority
                 uses are any uses which would exacerbate flooding by impacting the area's
                 natural function as a floodplain. Bluff recession leads to a loss of public
                 investment as a result of flooding.

            Nominated GAPC

            Nominated GAPC are those areas which the public, State, and Federal agencies, inter-
            est groups, and other affected parties identified as deserving special management
            attention during implementation of the Pennsylvania Coastal Zone Management Program.
            Priorities of use in Nominated GAPC are not binding because the State does not con-
            trol them through direct ownership or regulation of specified resource areas such as
            bluff hazard areas, coastal floodplains and coastal wetlands.

                 There are no Nominated GAPC within Lawrence Park Township.

                                                   A-6

                                                                          APPENDIX B

                                        FEDERAL AND STATE ASSISTANCE

             The following appendix includes a listing and general description of available
             Federal and State grant and loan programs that may be potential sources to imple-
             ment the community development and housing recommendations of the Plan.

             In the listing of housing programs, it should be noted that some of the specific
             interest rates and terms have changed since the original printing. However, the
             basic purpose, eligibility and subsidy explanations are still current. Also, the
             funding allocations for each program are subject to annual change.

             In the area of public housing, the two (2) major funding sources are the U.S. De-
             partment of Housing and Urban Development's Federal Housing Administration and
             the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farmers Home Administration. In order to
             develop low or moderate income subsidized housing in a communfty, an eligible
             sponsor from within the public or private sector must be utilized. Under the
             Housing Authorities Law of 1937 (P.L. 955) as amended, the State enacted the neces-
             sary legislation for cities and counties to create public housing authorities. For
             Lawrence Park, the Erie County Housing Authority is the appropriate public sponsor.

             Another organization that provides funds for housing is the Pennsylvania Housing
             Finance Agency. This Agency was created by the Housing Finance Agency Law of 1959
             (P.L. 1688) as amended, with the similar objective of providing appropriately
             priced housing for low and moderate income families and individuals. It seeks to
             accomplish this by the use of mortgage loans financed through the sale of tax exempt
             bonds. The tax exempt status of the bonds permits a reduced interest rate on them;
             and therefore, a lower interest rate on the mortgages financed through the bonds.
             Both public and private sponsors can be used under the PHFA Program.

                                                   B-1

                 THE -SMALL COMMUNITIES-PROGRAM
                 PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CON M ITY AFFAIRS

                 Pennsylvania's Small Communities Program (SCP) has been designed to
                 provide assistance that helps to promote decent housing and a suitable
                 living environment within eligible communities. It is also intended to
                 provide for expanding economic development opportunities.

                 Federal law requires that SCP funded activities give maximum feasible
                 priority towards meeting one or more of the following objectives:

                 0   To principally benefit low- to moderate-income persons and families;

                     To aid in the prevention or elimination of slums or blight; and

                 0   To eliminate urgent existing conditions which pose a serious or
                     imminent threat to.the health and welfare of the community (HOWEVER:
                     SCP funds may be used for this last objective only when a community
                     can document that no other financial resources are available to meet
                     suchneeds).

                 Pennsylvania's Small Communities Program has Incorporated these three
                 Federal statutory objectives in its design aimed primarily at community
                 conservation and economic development. To achieve these two aims, the SCP
                 cdntains six program objectives as a further refinement of the Federal
                 objectives:

                 1.  To assist Pennsylvania communities in their efforts to meet the needs
                     of their low- to moderate-income residents.

                 2.  To assist Pennsylvania communities in their efforts to eliminate or
                     lessen local blight.

                 3.  To encourage and assist Pennsylvania communities to pursue economic
                     development activities through public/private investment initiatives
                     and the creation of new jobs.

                 4.  To stimulate and assist Pennsylvania communities to undertake needed
                     commercial revitalization efforts through public/private investment
                     Initiatives and the creation of new jobs.

                 5.  To assist Pennsylvania communities in undertaking community facilities
                     improvements vital to the health, safety and welfare of their
                     residents.

                 6. To assist Pennsylvania communities in addressing necessary housing

                ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES

                SCP applications may be submitted only for the purposes and activities
                defined below:

                (1) the acquisition of real property (including air rights, water rights,
                and other interests therein) which Is (A) blighted, deteriorated,
                deteriorating, undeveloped, or inappropriately developed from the
                standpoint of sound community development and growth; (B) appropriate for
                rehabilitation or conservation activities; (C) appropriate for the

                                                 B-2

                    preservation or restoration of historic sites, the beautification of urban
                    land, the conservation of open spaces, natural resources, and scenic areas,
                    the provision of recreational opportunities, or the guidance of urban
                    development; (D) to be used for the provision of public works, facilities,
                    and improvements eligible for assistance under this title; or (E) to be
                    used for other public purposes;

                    (2) the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, or installation
                    (including design features and improvements with respect to such
                    construction, reconstruction, or installation which promote energy
                    efficiency) of public works, facilities and site or other improvements --
                    including neighborhood facilities using renewable resource energy system),
                    streets, street lights, water and sewer facilities, foundations and
                    platforms for air rights sites, pedestrian malls and walkways, and parks,
                    playgrounds, and recreation facilities (including parks, playgrounds, and
                    recreation facilities established as a result of reclamation and other
                    construction activities carried out in connection with a river and land
                    adjacent thereto where assistance under other Federal laws or programs is
                    determined to be unavailable), flood and drainage facilities in cases where
                    assistance for such facilities under other Federal laws or programs is
                    determined.to be unavailable and parking facilities, solid waste disposal
                    facilities which are located in or which serve designated community
                    development areas;

                    (3) code enforcement in deteriorated or deteriorating areas in which such
                    enforcement, together with public improvements and services to be provided,
                    may be expected to arrest the decline of the area;

                    (4) clearance, demolition, removal, and rehabilitation (including
                    rehabilitation which promotes energy efficiency) of buildings and
                    improvements (including interim assistance, and financing public or private
                    acquistion for rehabilitation, and rehabilitation, of privately owned
                    properties and including the renovation of closed school buildings);

                    (5) special projects directed to the removal of material and architectural
                    barriers vhich restrict the mobility and accessibility of elderly and
                    handicapped persons;

                    (6) payments to housing owners for losses of rental income incurred
                    in holding for temporary periods housing units to be utilized for the
                    relocation of individuals and families displaced by activities under this
                    title;

                    (7) disposition (through sale, lease, donation, or otherwise) of any real
                    property acquired pursuant to this title or its retention for public
                    purposes;

                    (8) provisions of public services, including but not limited to those
                    concerned with employment, crime prevention, child care, health, drug
                    abuse, education, energy conservation, welfare or recreation needs, if such
                    services have not been provided by the unit of general local government
                    (through funds raised by such unit, or received by such unit from the State
                    in which it is located) during any part of the twelve-month period

                immediately preceding the date of submission of the statement with respect
                to which funds are to be made available under this title, and which are to
                be used for such services, unless the Secretary finds that the
                discontinuation of such services was the result of events not within the
                control of the unit of general local government, except that not more than
                10 per centum of the amount of any assistance to a unit of general local
                goverment under this title may be used for activities under this
                paragraph;

                (9) payment of the non-Federal share required in connection with a Federal
                grant-in-aid program undertaken as part of activities assisted under this
                title;

                (10) payment of the cost of completing a project funded under Title I of
                the Housing Act of 1949;

                (11) relocation payments and assistance for displaced individuals,
                families, businesses, organizations, and farm operations, when determined
                by the grantee to be appropriate;

                (12) activities necessary (A) to develop a comprehensive community
                development plan, and (B) to develop a policy-planning management capacity
                so that the recipient of assistance under this title may More rationally
                and effectively (1) determine its needs, (ii) set long-term goals and
                short-term objectives, (III) devise programs and activities to meet these
                goals and objectives, (iv) evaluate the progress of such programs in
                accomplishing these goals and objectives, and (v) carry out management,
                coordination, and monitoring of activities necessary for effective planning
                implementation;

                (13) payment of reasonable administrative costs and carrying charges
                related to the planning and execution of community development and housing
                activities, including the provision of information and resources to
                residents of areas in which community development and housing activities
                are to be concentrated with respect to the planning and execution of such
                activities and including the carrying out of activities as described in
                section 701(e) of the Housing Act of 1954 on the date prior to the date of
                enactment of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1981;

                (14) activities which are carried out by public or private nonprofit
                entities, including (A) acquisition of real property; (B) acquisition,
                construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or installation of (I) public
                facilities, site Improvements, and utilities, and (ii)-comme rcial or
                industrial buildings or structures and other commercial or industrial real
                property Improvements; and (C) planning;

                (15) grants to neighborhood-based nonprofit organizations, local
                development corporations, or entities organized under section 301(d) of the
                Small Business Investment Act of 1958 to carry out a neighborhood
                revitalization or community economic development or energy conservation
                project in furtherance of the objectives of section 101(c);

                                                 B-4

                  (16) activities necessary to the development of comprehensive
                 community-wide energy use strategy, which may include items such as --

                       (A) a description of energy use and projected demand by sector, by
                       fuel type, and by geographic area;

                       (B) an analysis of the options available to the community to conserve
                       scarce fuels and encourage use of renewable energy resources;

                       (C) an analysis of the manner in, and the extent to, which the
                       community's neighborhood revitalization, housing, and economic
                       development strategies will support its energy conservation strategy;

                       (D) an analysis of the manner in, and the extent to, which energy
                       conservation objectives will be integrated into local government
                       operations, purchasing and service delivery, capital improvements
                       budgeting, land use planning and zoning, and traffic control, parking,
                       and public transportation functions;

                       (E) a statement of the actions the community will take to foster energy
                       conservation and the use'of renewable energy resources in the private
                       sector, including the enactment and enforcement of local codes and
                       ordinances to encourage or mandate energy conservation or use of
                       renewable energy resources, financial and other assistance to be
                       provided (principally for the benefit of low- and moderate-income
                       persons) to make energy conserving improvements to residential
                       structures, and any other proposed energy conservation activities;

                       (F) appropriate provisions for energy emergencies;

                       (G) identification of the local governmental unit responsible for
                       administering the energy use strategy;

                       (H) provision of a schedule for implementation of each element in the
                       strategy; and

                       (I) a projection of the savings in scarce fossil fuel consumption and
                       the development and use of renewable energy resources that will result
                       from implementation of the energy use strategy; and

                    (17) provision of assistance to private, for-profit entities, when the
                   assistance is necessary or appropriate to carry out an economic development
                   project.

                                                 B-5

                                          HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
                               PENNSYLVANIA DFPARTMFNT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
                                     BUREAU OF HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT

                The Housina Assistance oroaram, administered by DCA's Bureau of Housing and
          Development, is authorized under the Housing and Redevelopment Assistance Law of
          1955 as amended. The Section of the Law that ooverns the Housina Assistance
          program provides for state assistance to contribute to the development of low
          and moderate income housing.     Projects assisted with State funds are tied to
          HUD or FmHA housina proarams. The aids available to sponsors are:

                (1)  Direct grants - provided to sponsors who demonstrate that the
                     housina project would be financially infeasible without state
                     assistance. Grants are limited to 10% of the projects total
                     development costs.

                (2)  Seed Money Loans - provided to cover costs associated with
                     pre-development expenses necessary to obtain federal subsidy
                     fundina, The loans are repaid when construction begins.
                     Pre-development costs may include items such as land options,
                     leqal fees, test borings and application fees to the federal
                     agency.

          Eligible Applicants

                There are three types of eligible applicants for State Housing Assistance
          funds:

                (1) a private   nonprofit corporation

                (2) governmental agencies

                (3) authorities

                In recent years the Aeneral Assembly has appropriated $16 million for both
          the Housing and Redevelopment Assistance proqrams.      Commitments for program
          funds are made by each DCA Renional Office to eligible projects in their area.
          Applications for state funds are channeled through both the Housing and
          Development Divisions for funding decisions.

          Anplication Procedures

                (1)  Eligible applicants may submit a letter of intent to the appropriate
                     DCA Regional nffice. It is recommended that the letters be submitted
                     prior to the start of the State Fiscal Year, July 1. (However,
                     applications may be submitted throughout the proaram year).

                (2)  Proposals are invited and reviewed by DCA Regional Office Staff and
                     recommended to the Central Bureau for approval/disapproval.

                (3)  Final fundina approval is determined by the DCA Executive Office.

                                                      B-6

                          GUIDE TO FARMER'S HOME ADMINISTRATION HOUSING PROGRAMS

                            HOMEOWNERSHIP LOAN                     HOMEOWNERSHIP GUARANTEED LOAN

                               (Section 502)                                  (Section 502)

                  To buy, build, rehabilitate, improve,        To buy, build, rehabilitate, improve,
                  or relocate a house which will be the        or-relocate a house which will be the
                  residence of an eligible family.             residence of an eligible family.

            C)
                  To install  water and waste disposal         Loans  are made by private lenders and
                  on a building site.                          guaranteed by FmHA.

                                  11 1/2%
                       (as low as 1% with subsidy)             Interest rate will be   negotiated
                                                               between family and lender.     It cannot
              cc
                                                               exceed the interest being charged in
                                                               area for other similar    loans'.

                  Maximum loan term is 33 years.               Maximum loan term is 33   years.
           CD UJ  On an existing house, term will be           On an existing house, term will be
           ..J @-
                  less.                                        less.
                 .Families (or   individuals) with adjust-     No subsidy is available under this
                  ed annu'al incomes below,$11,200 may         program.
            >_    be eligible for interest credit (sub-
            2     sidy). Subsidy will reduce the month-
            Co    ly payment to 20% of 'family's. adjusted
            V)    monthly income or payment to principal,
                  interest at 1%, taxes, insurance--
                  whichever is higher.
                  Families (or individuals) who want to        Families (or individuals) who do not
                  be homeowners and do not already own         already own standard housing and have
                  standard housing and have adjusted           adjusted annual incomes between
            >_    annual incomes below $15,600.                $15,600 and $ 30,000

                  Must have enough income to repay the         Must have enough income to repay the
                  loan; be unable to get other afford-         loan; be unable to get other afford-
                  able financing; and be citizens or           able financing; be citizens or legal
              J
            UJ    legal aliens.                                aliens; be able to make downpayment
                                                               of at least 3% of the cost of house.

                  There is no mortgage limit. Each             There is no mortgage limit. Each
                  loan is based on the applicant's             family's loan amount will be based
                  ability to repay. House cannot be            on ability to repay. House cannot
                  larger than 1300 square feet of living       be larger than 1400 square feet of
                  area (except for very large families)        living area (except for very large
                                                               families).
            X

            _J

                                                        B-7

                                                FmHA PROGRAMS

                         HOME REHABILITATION LOAN                   HOME REPAIR LOAN AND GRANT

                         (Section 502 Incentive)                         (Section 504)

                   To rehabilitate or repair a home           Tomake minor repairs to homes to
                   to bring the structure to a structur-      make them safe and sanitary and to
                   ally sound and functionally adequate       remove hazards to the family or
                   condition. Can include adding rooms        community. Funds can be used for
                   and plumbing.                              repairing roofs, screens, structural
                                                              items, putting in plumbing, and
                                                              paying utility connection fees.

                   Interest rate varies. See subsidy            %
            W LU
                   section below for breakdown.

                   $2500 loan           10 years              $1500 loan -         10 years
            C> UJ  $2501 - $5000         15 years
                                                                       $2500       .15 years
                   $5001 - $7000         25 years             $2501    $5000       20.years
                   Interest rat6--is based on family's        All loans are  made at 1%.
                   adjusted annual income:
                                                              Elderly families eligible  for grants
                   1% - if income is $3000  or less
             V)
             co
                   2% - if income between  $3001 and $5000

                   3% - if income between  $5001 and $7000

                   Low income families (or  individuals)      Very low income families (or indivi-
                   who own structurally sound homes which     duals) who own their own homes.
                   need repair or rehabilitation.             Must have enough dependable income
                   Family must:                               to repay the loan and must be citizen
                     have enough income to repay loan;        or legal alien.
                     be unable to get other financing
             cc
             I-
                       on affordable terms;                   Applicants who are  62-or over may be
             __J     be citizens or legal aliens.,            eligible for grant  or combination
                                                              loan and grant.

                 'No family may receive more than $7000       No family may receive more than
                   at one time.                               $5000 in qrants or $7500 in loans.

                                                              Funds cannot be used simply to
                                                              improve a house's appearance.

                                                    B-8

                                              FmHA PROGRAMS

                         FARM LABOR HOUSING LOAN                     RURAL RENTAL HOUSING
                               AND GRANT
                           (Section 514/516)                             (Section 515)

                 To buy,  build, repair, or  improve        To build, rehabilitate, improve,  or
                 housing  and related facilities            buy rental housing for rural famili-es
            uj   for domestic farm labor.                   or individuals.

            C>

           UJ UJ 1%

           LU
                                                                           10 3/4%

           cc    33 years
           C>W                                              UP to 50 years
           _J I---

                 The rent  to the tenant is lowered by      Interest rate can be subsidized down
                ,reducing  development costs through        to as low as 1%, depending on, type of
                 combination of the 514 loan and the        borrower and loan option selected.
            Ca
                 516 grant.   This reduces the loan         Tenants can be further subsidized in
                 amount to as little as 10% of develop-     some projects with FmHA's Rental
                 ment cost.                                 Assistance Program or with Section 8.
                                                            permitting them to pay abou tL 25% of
                                                            their adjusted income for rent.

                 Tenants: Farm laborers   and their         Tenants: depends on the type of
                    families are to be given highest          project, i.e., subsidized or unsub-
                    priority.                                 sidized.
                 Borrowers:  Farm owners, associations      Borrowers:  Individuals, partnerships,
                    of farmers, nonprofit organizatinns       profit, nonprofit, and limited pro-
            Co      and housing authorities, unable to        fit operations, housing authorities
            Cm      provide the housing through private       Only nonprofits and limited profits
            _J      financing.   Only nonprofit organ-        are eligible for interest subsidies
            UJ      izations and Lhousing authorities
                    are eligible for grants.

                 No maximum mortgage amount
                                                                                 No limit on total
                                                            but over $1.5 million must be approved
                                                            by National Office.

                                                    B-9

                                                 FmHA PROGRAMS

                     SITE DEVELOPMENT LOAN/TA GRANT                    SITE DEVELOPMENT LOAN
                          FOR SELF HELP HOUSING
             CL.
                                (Section 523)                              (Section 524)

                  Loan:   to buy a tract of land and    dev-   To buy a tract of-land and develop
                     elop it as building sites for self-       it as building sites. Work could
                     help housing. Could include engi-         include engineering, subdivision,
             C)      neering, subdivision, installing          installing streets, curbs, gutters,
                                                               sidewalks, water, sewer, electricity,
             C4      streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,
                                                               and gas as required by FmHA and the
             CL      utilities.
                  Grant: to hire a qualified person to         municipality.
                     supervise a nonprofit association
                     of self-help families

           Uj Uj
           Uj <c  3%                                                        TO 3/4Z

                  2 years                                      2 years
           C) LU
           _j

                  All loans are subsidized to 3%               None

             co

             V)

                  Borrowers: nonprofit associations of         Nonprofit corporations or housing
                     families engaged in development of.       authorities. Sites may be sold to
                     self-help housing, or housing auth-       any buyer, regardless of@income.
                     orities on behalf of such families
                  Families: 502-eligible families with
                     low income interested in b ildinj
             co                                  u
                     their home through self-help method
                     The mortgages on the individual
                     homes are.provided by the Section
                     502 program.

                  Loan amounts greater than $100,000           Loans greater than $100,000 require
                  require National Office approval.            National Office approval.

                  The supervisor provides technical
                  assistance in construction, work allo-
                  cation, and h -elps families secure 502
                  permanent financing. Grant amount
             _j   for.this person may vary.

                                                      B-10

                                       bUIUL 1U HUD HOUSING PRUGRAMS

                      HOMEOWNERSHIP INSURED LOAN                     HOMEOWNERSHIP INSURED LOAN
                               MIDDLE INCOME                           LOW-TO-MODERATE INCOME
                             (Section 203(b))                               (Section 235)

                  Provides Tnsurance for private lenders        Provides insuranc.e for private
                  to provide loans to families to pur-          lenders to provide loans to families
            LU    chase new and existing homes.                 to purchase new or rehabilitated
            LA                                                  homes.

                                                                Could be subsidized to as low as
           LU W
                                                                4%
            UJ
                                 11 1/2%

                                                                30 years maximum
                  30 years maximum

                  None                                          @omeowners  pay 20% of   adjusted
                                                                income or the payment    to principal,
                                                                interest at 4%, insurance, mortgag     e
                                                                insurance (.7% of Mortgage), and
            ca                                                  taxes--whichever is higher.

            V1

                  Family must have good credit rating           Family must have   an income of no
                  and ability to repay.                         greater than 95/00 of the area median
                                                                (this.varies from county to county)
                  Must be able to make   a downpayment   of
                  3% of the first $25,000 and 5% of the         Family must be   able to  make downpay-
                  amount over $25,000.                          ment of 3% of the cost    of the house.

            0-4
            -3
            UJ

                  Maximum amount that can be borrowed           Maximum amount that can    be borrowed
                     $67,500, but can be increased              is $44,000,
                  75% in high cost areas.
            C)
                                                                Income is reviewed every year.

                                                       B-11

                                                nuu rKUUKAII@)

                            MOBILE HOME LOAN                          HOME IMPROVEMENT LOAN

                              (Section 201)                               (Section 201)

                 Provides  insu-rance for private 1 .enders   Provides 'insuranqe for private
                 to provide loa.ns to families to pur-        lenders to provide loans to families
            Ui   chase new or used mobile homes.              to improve their homes and increase
            Ln                                                the basic livability or utility of
                                                              the property, including mobile homes.
                                                              Eligible work includes plumbing,
                                                              structural items, wiring, eneryL
                                                              conservation.

          UJLU       16 1/2% for mobile homes

          Uj Cr
          I--- cc
                     16 %  for home/lot combinations                 16 1/2%

                 15 years  for single-wide
          CD LU  20 years  for double-wide                    15 years
          _j

                 none                                         none

            Co

                 Family must have acceptable credit           Family must have acceptable credit.
                 rating and ability to repay.                 rating and ability to repay.

                 Must have a downpayment of 5% of first
                 $6,000 and 10% of amount over $6,000.
            LM

            _j

                 Mobile home must be used for principal       Maximum amount that can   be borrowed
                 residence of the borrower. Maximum           is $15,000.
                 amount, that can be borrowed -is $27,000
                 for a double-wide home; $18,000 for
                 single-wide.

                                                      B-12

                                                 HUD PROGRAMS

                    COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT                HOME REHABILITATION LOAN
                                 PROGRAM
                           (Rehab Loans/Grants)                             (Section 312)

                  Provides loan and/or grant funds             Provides loans fo.r home rehabilita-
                  for home  rehabilitation to families         tion to families who cannot afford
                  who cannot afford to fix up their            to fix up their homes through any
                  homes any other way.                         other means.
            CD

           Uj Uj  Depends on local program                     3%
            Uj

                                                               20 years  or 3/4 of remaining life
           Co Uj  Depends on  local program                    of property,'whichever is less.

                  Depends on local program                     reduced interest rate

            cc

                  Depends on local program.                    Family must be owner-occupants
                                                               living in certain neighborhoods
                  Generally, eligible applicants     will      designated by the city for upgrading
                  be low to moderate income families
            _j
            0.4   living in certain target neighborhoods
            co
                  selected by the city for upgrading.

            _j
            LU

            Ln    Determined by the City.                      Maximum amount than can be borrowed
                                                               per family is $27,000.
            2

                                                       B-13

                                                HUD PROGRAMS

                      RENTAL HOUSING INSURED LOAN                  RENTAL HOUSING   INSURED LOAN
                              MIDDLE INCOME                               MODERATE  INCOME
                              (Section 207)                               (Section 221(d)(4))

                  Provides insurance to private lenders       Provides insurance for loans made by
                  to provide loans to build new rental        private lenders for building or
            UJ    housing.                                    buying and rehabilitating-rental
            V)                                                housing for moderate income families.
            Co
            CL

            CA.

            LU La

            W
                                                                                13%
                                  13%

           CD UJ  40 years                                    40 years

                  none                                        none

                                                              (Section 8 New Construction Housing
            ca
                                                              Assistance Payments may be piggy-
                                                              backed with this program)

                  Any profit-motivated borrower               Any private or public for-profit, non-
                  with ability.to repay loan.                 profit, or limited profit entity.
                  No eligibility requirements   for           No eligibility requirements for
                  tenants.                                    tenants.

            cc
            0-4                                               Priority in occupancy is given.to
                                                              anyone displaced by government action..
            UJ

                  Loans must be for 8 or more units.          Nonelevator per unit limits:
            in    Developers must contribute 10%              OBR-$19,406; IBR-$22,028; 2BR-$26,625;
            2     of development cost.                        3BR-$33,420; 4+BR-$37,870
            I---  Nonelevator per unit limit:
            cc
                  OBR-$19,500; 1BR-$21,600; 2BR-$25,800;      Loan cannot be used to acquire exist-
                  3BR-$31,800; 4+BR-$36,000.                  ing project without intent of doing
                                                              substantial rehabilitation.

                                                     B-14

                                                  HUD PROGRAMS

                       ELDERLY.HOUSING INSURED LOAN                   ELDERLY/HANDICAPPEDIHOUSING
            LU
            M                                                                  DIRECT LOAN
            >_                                                                (Section 202)
                                (Section 231)

                  Provides insurance to private      lenders     Provides financing for construction
                  to make loans for construction or              of new units for the elderly, dis-
                  substantial rehabilitation of 8 or             abled, or handicapped. Section 8
            0@    more units of detached, semi-detached,         Housing Assistance Payments are
            0.
                  row, walk-up, or elevator type multi-          automatically linked to the program.
            CL.   family structures for the elderly and
                  handicapped.

                                13%                              The current average market i.nterest
                                                                 rate on outstanding U.S. Treasury
                                                                 obligations.

           C1 W   40 years maximum                               40 years

                  none                                           Section 8 hew Construction housing
                                                                 assistancepayments provide subsid-
                  (Section 8 New Construction Housing            ies to eligible tenants.
                  Assistance Payments may be piggy-
            C3
                  backed with this program)                      Borrower gets below market interest
                                                                 rate on financing.

                  Any  private or public   for..-profit, non-    Borrower:    nonprofit corporations    and
                  profit, or limited profit entity.                  cooperatives are only eligible
                                                                     borrowers.
                  At least 50% of tenants must be elder-         Tenants:   .persons or families with a
                  ly or handicapped.                                 member who is 62 or over or is
            co                                                       handicapped or disabled.
                  No income limitations.
            CM
                                                                 Income limits same as Section 8
            _j
            LU                                                   limits.

                  Nonelevator per unit-limits:                   Nonelevator per unit limits:
                  OBR-$14,450; 1BR-$20,625;. 2BR-$24,630.        OBR-$19,000; IBR-$21,500; 2BR-$25,000

                                                                 Elevator:
                                                                 OBR-$21,700; IBR-$24,900; 2BR-$30,800

                                                        B-15

                                               HUD PROGRAMS

            LU
            C1.
                       LOW RENT  PUBLIC HQUSING             HOUSING ASSISTANCE PAYMENT PROGRAM
                                                                          (Section 8)

                 To build, rehabilitate, improve or         Provides housing,assistance payments
                 buy rental housing for independent         to owners of new, substantially
            LU   living for occupancy by low income         rehabilitated, or existing housing
            C@   families.                                  on behalf of eligible tenant
            CL                                                                             -fami-
            ce.                                             lies.
                                                            This is a subsidy  program, not a
                                                            financing program.

                 N/A
                                                            N/A

                                                            Existing:   depends on lease
          C) UJ  40   60 years
          _J I---                                           New Construction:    20 to 40 ye-ars
                                                            depending on financing method.

                 Family pays 25% of their adjusted          Family pays 25% of net or 15% of
                 monthly.income for rent and utilities.
                                                            gross income, 'whichever is higher,
            >_                                              for rent and utilities.   HUD pays
                 Operating subsidies are provided to        difference between family's share of
                 housing authorities to make up differ-     rent and contract rent.   (Fair Market
            ca
                 ence between rent collected and opera-     Rents for New Construction are high-
            V),  ting costs.                                er than for Existing)

                 Borrower: Local Housing Authority          Owners can be private  or public,
                 Tenants: Must meet LHA's definition        profit or nonprofit.'
                 of family and have an income no great-     @ligible tenants are those with
            >_   er than 72% of the area median.            incomes of less'than  80% of the
            !7   Income limits vary from community tiD      area median.
             J
            b@   community.

            CM

            _J

                 Local housing authorities have an
                 asset limitation for admission and
                 a preference rating. Families are
                 taken in this order:
            CC.  displaced families, disabled or handi-
                 capped, elderly, veterans, other.

                                                    B-16

                                   PENNSYLVANIA INDUSTRIAL
                                    DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
                                          (P.I.D.A.)

        ADVANTAGES         0 Lowest interest rate currently available
                           � Loans are long term
                           � P.I.D.A. financing may be used in combination with
                           .other Local, State and Federal loan programs

        USAGE               Can be used for:
                           0 Purchase and renovate existing building
                           0 Construct new buildings
                           0 Land acquisiton and preparation, including associated
                           0 Engineering and legal fees
                           0 Cannot be used for machinery and equipment

        ELIGIBILITY        0 Manufacturing
                           * Research and development
                           0 Warehouse, distribution, terminal
                           0 Industrial enterprises
                           0 Facilities which create significant employment
                            .opportunities
                          .0 Pollution control projects
                           0 One job should be created for every $15,000 loaned
                           0 Cannot be used for retail establishments, restaurants
                            or recreational facilities

        AMOUNT OF          0 $1,000,000 loan ceiling
        LOAN               * P.I.D.A. portion of loan cannot exceed 702 of cost
                            and building for land

        INTEREST           0 3% (until April 1984)
        RATE               a Application and closing fee

        MATURITY           0 P.I.D.,A. portion cannot exceed 15 years or term of
                            conventional loau, whichever is shorter

        SPECIAL            *Provides 70% of building cost
        CONDITIONS
                            Balance for land and buildings from lending institution
                            at prevailing interest

        GEI,'F:RAL         GConstruction financing required
                           0 P.I.D.A. portion takes 6-12 months for loan closing
                           *For additional information regarding this particular
                            funding program, contact the         County Development
                            Corporation or your local industustrial 4.qvelopment
                            corporation

                                                 B-17

                                      INDUSTRIAL REVENUE BONDS
                                         AND MORTGAGE (IRB)

         ADVANTAGES           Local financing and processing
                              No costs incurred for registering bond with mortgage
                              departmeTat

         USAGE                Can be used*for:
                              All P.I.D.A. eligible items, Plus
                            *Machinery and equipment (only if used in conjunction with
                              construction of new or additional facilities, improvements to
                              existing space or initial occupancy of existing space
                            a Cannot be used for working capital or inventory

         ELIGIBILITY        0 Manufa cturing
                            0 Research and development
                            0 Warehouse, distribution, terminal
                            0 Pollution control equipment
                            0 Financing may be used by qualified developer to construct
                              industrial or commercial facilities for leasing
                            0 Cannot be used for restaurants or recreation facilities
                            'OPLIC JtYb st@vald be created fer every $15,009 leaned

         AMOUNT-6F LOAN     0 Can finance up to 100Z of project cost
                            0 $10 million maximum capital investment, unless project
                              involves UDAG or pollution control

         INTEREST RATE      0 Interest rates pegged to prime (65-80% of prime)
                            0 Application, closing and annual fees

         MATURITY           0 Loan period cannot exceed useful life of asset

         SPECIAL            0 Loan conditions vary and are determined by lending
         CONDITIONS           institutions

         GENERAL            e Processing requires public hearing and approval by County
                              Commissioners

                            0 For additional information regarding this particular
                              funding program, contact the       . County Development
                              Corporation or your local industrial development
                              corporation

                                                  B-18

                              SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (SBA)

      WVANTAGES            Available to those unable to obtain funds from private
                           sources
                         e Can be used for working capital

      ISAGE                Can be used to:
                         0 Construct, expand or convert   facilities
                         * Purchase buildings, equipment or materials
                         * Working capital

       IGIBILITY         e Any $mall business use including manufacturing, wholesale,
                           service, retailing, construction and agriculture

      14OUNT OF LOAN     e Direct SBA loans - $150,000 rj-ximum
                         & SBA bank guaranteed loans -- 90% of loan, or $500,000
                           maximum, whichever is less

      NTEREST RATE       * Direct SBA loans -- below prevailing market rates
                         * SBA bank guaranteed loans -- above prevailing market rates
                         o Application and closing fees

      ATURITY            o Regular business loans      10 years
                         e Working capitalloans         7 years
                         * Construction or real estate acqui-sit-lon'loans      20 years
                         * Economic opportunity loans - 15 years
                         * Handicapped assistance loans -- 15 years
                         * Displaced business.loans.- 30 years

      PECIAL             * Applicant must have applied to, and been rejected by,
      JND1T1ONS            at least one lending institution
                         0 May, require personal guarantee of owner

      2,14ERAL             SBA offers two. basic types of loans:
                           1.  Loans by private lenders and guaranteed by SBA. Funds
                               appropriated by Congress. SBA can,guarantee up to 90%.
                           2.  Loans made direct by SBA. Also appropriated funds.
                               Granted primarily to small firms having difficulty -
                               raising funds in private market.
                         * For additional information regarding    this particular
                           funding program, contact the       @ .. County Development
                           Corporation or your local industrial development
                           corporation

                                                      B-19

                                SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (SBA)
                                              503 LOAN

       ADVANTAGES-           Interest rates below conventional sources
                           *Most universally applicable loan program for job creating
                             projects

       USAGE                 Can be used for:
                           0 Land and building acquisition

                           e Construction

                           0 Renovation or expansion
                           0 Machinery and equipment
                           0 Leasehold improvements
                           0 Reasonable contingencies

       ELIGIBILITY         0 One job should be created or retained for every $15,000
                             loaned
                           0 For profit company whose net worth.cannot exceed $6,000,000
                             -- with after tax profits not more than $2,000,000
                           0 Industrial, commercial and retail projects eligible

       AMOUNT OF LOAN      0 Each loan can have.diffexent.interest.rate
                             (usually 4-6% below conventional rates)
                           0 App@ication and closing fees

       MATURITY            0 15, 20, 25 years depending upon project

       SPECIAL             0 Provides 40% of total need
       CONDITIONS          0 Private financing (can  include IRB financing) 50%
                           0 Applicant provides 10%
                           o SBA loan portion requires sale of bonds

       GENERAL             ID Federal fund dispersement upon project completion
                           o For additional information regarding this particular
                             funding program, contact the'         County Development
                             Corporation or your local industrial development
                             corporation

                                                     B-20

                                  NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA REGIONAL
                                  PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COWLISSION
                                          REVOLVING LOAN FUND

          ADVANTAGES          0 Funds can be obtained in 4-6 weeks
                              0Can be combined with any other loan, intluding P.I.D.A., IRB,
                               etc.

          USAGE                Can be used for:
                              o Building construction and/or renovation
                              e Machinery and equipment, including engineering costs
                              0 Land acquisition and preparation including associated
                               engineering and legal fees
                              9 Working capital
                              a Interim loan in anticipation of permanent financing
                              e Energy related product development and energy construction
                               projects

          ELIGIBILITY         * Small manufacturing
                              0 Fewer than 20 employees

          AMOUNT OF LOAN      0 $50,000 maximum for any one project
                              9 Applicant must provide minimum of 10% from own resources
                              * Loan cannot exceed 1/3 of project cost

          INTEREST RATE       * Interest rate based on 60% of prime (rounded to nearest 1/4%)
                               on date of approval -- remains fixed throughout term of loan
                              & Application and closing fees

          MATURITY            0 Land and buildings -- up to 20 years
                              * Machinery and equipment - up to 10 years
                              0 Working capital -- up to 5 years

          SPECIAL             *All conditions set by Northeastern Pennsylvania Regional
          CONDITIONS           Planning and Development Commission

          GENERAL              Similar loan programs also offered by.some communities
                              oProgram subject to availability of funds
                              eFor additional information regarding this particular
                               funding program, contact the'        County Development
                               Corporation or your local industrial development
                               corporation

                                                    B-21

                                     U.S. DEPART11ENT OF COMMERCE
                                  TITLE II, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
                            ADMINISTRATION, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT LOANS

         ADVANTAGES         e Widest range of applicability

         USAGE               Can be used for:
                            0Land, building, machinery and equipment
                            *Working capital

         ELIGIBILITY        aMust be in EDA  certified development area

         AMOUNT OF LOAN     0No established  minimums or maximums    range from $200,000 to
                             $5.2 million

         INTEREST RATE      0Direct loans:
                             Below prevailing market rates

                            9 Guaranteed loans:
                             Above prevailing market rates
                            0 Application and closing fees

         MATURITY         .9 Direct loans:
                             Fixed assets -- up to 25 years

                             Guaranteed loans:
                             Fixed assets -- up to 25 years

         SPECIAL            e Provides 65% of total need
         CONDITIONS         9 Private financing 35%
                            9 Applicant equity 10%

         GENERAL            *Project must be in an EDA-designated EDD or redevelopment
                             area

                            * Requires extended processing time
                            o Dependent upon availability of funds
                            *For additional information regarding -this particular
                             funding program, contact the         County Development
                             Corporation or your local industrial development
                             corporation

                                                   B-22

                                U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN
                                DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACTION
                                     GRANTS (U.D.A.G.)

          ADVANTAGES         0 Low interest rate

                             0 Loans are long term
                             @e Funds can be used for broad range of projects

          USAGE               Can be used for:
                             0Land, buildings, machinery and equipment
                             *Working capi tal

          ELIGIBILITY        0Available only in eligible communities
                             0Community Development Office is first contact

          AMOUNT OF LOAN     9Cannot exceed 1/4 of project costs
                             0No limit on total amount of project

          INTEREST RATE      0Set by Federal government
                             e.Generally below market rates

          MATURITY           0 Set by Federal government

                             0 Federal grant program is extended to community
          CONDITIONS         0 Community in turn loans funds to developer

          GENERAL            9 Program is most often linked with IRB
                             *Requires extended processing time
                             0Dependent upon available funds
                             0For additional information regarding this particular
                              funding program, contact the        County Development
                              Corporation or your local industrial development
                              corporation

                                                  B-23

                                                                                                               1980 CENSUS            OF POPOLAIJUN - CHAkACIERISIICS OF VEHISWIS
                       LAINP(ENCE PARK
                                                                              GE06kAPHV: SIAIE-: 112                                  SmSAt 2360                     COUNTY: 049                       mcii: 105                     PLACt          @700
                                                                                                      TRACTI 0114                     ULOCKI                         Fu:                            ilA                          CU:

                       1. PERSUN5 bY.Uk6AN AND RURAL RE$IDENCE                                                        1    2, FAkILIEb                                                                     1237            1     3. huuStt1uLuS (1)                                                           1 st"I
                                                                                                                      1                                                                                                    1
                       TOTAL                                                                          4584            1--------------------------------------------                                                        I------------------                      ft -----------------------
                       INSIDE URHANIZED AREAS                                                         45811           1    4. PERSONS 13Y SEX                                                                              I     S. NEI)JAN AGE OF PtHS0j,-8 bY SEX
                       OTHER UkRAN
                       RURAL                                                                                          I    MALL                                                                            2164            1     TOTAL                                                                           33.8
                       -----------------                    m   ---------------------                          -I          FEMALE                                                                          24i!0           1     0 ALF                                                                           31.8
                                                                                                                      I                                                                                                    I     F E;.i ALL                                                                      36.1
                       3A. PERSONS PEk HUOSEHOLD (7)                                                  2.82            1                                                                                                    1
                       -m  ----     m ...............                       -----------                               I--------------------------------------------                                                        I------------                 -----------------------------
                       6, PENSUNS by RACE                                                                             1    1. PERSONS HY 5PAf4I3m UNIGIN                                                                   1     8. pEmSuriS 14Y SEX fty Ai,k
                       V4H I TE                                                                       4561            :    NUT Of SPANISH ORIGIN                                                           4570            :                                                               II)TAL            FENALE
                       BLACK                                                                                   3      1    MEXICAN                                                                                         I
                       AMtHICAN INDIAN                                                                         4      1    PUfkTO RICAN                                                                             I      I     UNOLH LINE YEAR                                                    55               2N
                       ESP, 1 (111.1                                                                                  1    CUdAN                                                                                           I     I   ANO 2 YEARS                                               117                   60
                       ALEUT                                                                                          I    OTHER SPANISH                                                                            7      1     3 APil) 4 YEARS                                               III                   S9
                       JAPANESL                                                                                2      1                                                                                                    1     N   YEAPS                                                          51               27
                       CHINFSE                                                                                 5      1-------------------------                              w  ----------            m  -------          1     6   YEARS                                                          bs               10
                       FILIPINU                                                                                       1    9. PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY RACE                                                            1     7   Ili 9       YEARS                                         ?0?                   143
                       AORE AN                                                                                 5      1                                                                                                    1     10     11) 13      YEARS                                      299                 Ist
                       AbIAN INDIA(i                                                                           I      I    TOIAL                                                                                    14     1     14     YEARS                                                       q.-              146
              0        VIETNAMESE                                                                                     I    wHiTE                                                                                    13     1     15     YEARS                                                       9.1              113
              H,       H A e@ A I I A vo                                                                              I    8LACA                                                                                           1     16     YEARS                                                       h 4              4#8
                       GUAmANIAN                                                                                      I    AMERICAN INDIAN, ESKIMO, ALEUT AND                                                              1     17     YEARS                                                       91.3             Sit
                                                                                                                      I      ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANUEN (4)                                                                1     18     YEARS
                       SA11;UAN                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    .11              37
                       01 PIER       (3)                                                                       3      1    OTHER        (3)                                                                         1      1     19     YEARS                                                       h9               36
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ?0     YEARS                                                       7.'11            43-
                       ----------            w  ...............................                                       --------------------------------------------                                                         1     21     YLAkS                                                                        42
                       tO. PERSONS Ply AGE BY RACE                                                                                                                                                                         1     22     Ili      24 YEARS                                      4?   1              Ion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1     25     10       29 YEARS                                      3(00                163                   13
                                                                                                                                 Uf'4DLR             5 TO 17                18 Ili 64             t)S YLAkS                1     30     10       3S YEARS                                      e    1              124
                                                                                                                               5 YEARS                  YEARS                 YEARS               ANU OVER                 1     35     TO       (J4 YEAR$                                     4    o              237
                                                                                                                             ********* ********* ********* *********                                                       I     a5     ILI      54 Y f A R S                                  5 4j 3              2sh
                       I V I A L                                                                                                        '283                     901                  27U5                    615          1     S5     10       59 YEARS                                      3411                t8h
                       INhI TE                                                                                                            281                    972                  2694                    619          11    60     ANU 61 YEARS                                           15f)                  (I
                       HLALK                                                                                                                                                                                               I     t,2    I (o     64 YEARS                                      Ib   '7               95
                       AMEkILAw INDIAN. ESKIMO Atilt ALEIJ7                                                                                                                                                                1     65     10       74 YFANS                                      313s                197
                       ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANOEk (4)                                                                                                                                                                      1     75     TO       b4 YEARS                                      1069                116
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1     A5     YtAkb       ANU UvEli                                       /1               94
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ------------------------------------------ -
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 12. vEwbur4S 15 YtAkb Aiiij llkifti
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I            bY SEX by ;AARIIAL. Sfo,T(J.4
                                                                                                                                 UNVER               5 It) 17             18 If# hAl            65 YEAJI@i                 I
                                                                                                                               5 YEAR$                  YEARS               YEAHS               AWO NVEH                   i                                                                 1,111-F         Ftf-'ALE              til
                       70TAL                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           I     sit-GLF.                                                           S11            4uj
                       :'AH1 TE                                                                                                                                                                                            I     t-AlihjEV, EX SEPA14100)                                    1111@1              1042
                       13L ALK
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1                                                                        71             295
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    sit            1()6

                       NOIESt             A. NumbERS IN PAF-'ErjIHE.5I$ AR@ FOOINIIIE i4omotRs.                                                      SEE t0tlhlf)[@. Pj.(4t-.
                                          0. BLANK CELLS INOICATF I-IT#-IEH IHAI FH@, @Jtv`tjfi? I.'.) "o" 1.)k frik VAIA Aof:@

                                                     1980 CEwSUS tIF POPULATION -; CMANACFERISJICS OF 111JUSEHOLLIS AND FAI,-ILIES
               LAi-RFWCE PAKK
      C)       GE1114PAPIIY: STATE:    42   SNiSs% :236U  cOupil Y :   ouy   f-Ic 1) 3105  PLACEI      5100   TRACT: 0114      ULUCK I        LOI        UA:            CO:
               1, TOIAL PERSONS                              4584    1   2. IUIAL FAMILIES                           1237     1 30 TOTAL HOU8fHULbS (1)                        1  8
               --------------------------       m............................................................                 I..........................................
               4. PERSUNb 15 VEAkS AND 114F-k hY SEX MY f6iAkIIAL bIAfOS                                                      1 5, PERSONS BY AGE bY IlUUSEMULU         TYPE.
                                                                                                        MALF       FEMALE     1                                          65 YEARS
                                                                                                                                                                TOTAL AND OVER
                                                                                                            4*; *******4*U;
               5 1 NUL E                                                                           *******3
               NUvy 14ARRIEO, EXCEPT SEPARAIti)                                                         1091         1092     1 FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS1
               SEPAHATEU                                                                                    17           32   1  HOUSEHOLDER                     1231          197
               I% I Put-1 11                                                                                71        295     1  SPOUSE                          I oo I        Ila
               0 1 vfjtCE u                                                                                 so        106     1  OTHER RELATIVES (5)           174W 0             40
                                                                                                                              1  NONRLLATIVE (6)                     24           2
                                -k                                                                                            I NUNFAMILY MOUSEHOLUSS
                  ANU hOUSEffoLf) TYPE (7)                           1     TYPE ANU RELATIONSHIP                              I  NALE MOUSEHOLOLK                  136            313
                                                                     1                                                           FEMALE HOUSEIMULDEW               215         127
               1 Pfk3ON%                                             1   1114 muUSEHOLD8                                         fif.IrvRELATIVE (6)                 47           5
                MALE. HU08FtILILDEN                           III    I   HOUSEHULDER OR SPOUSE                                I Ify GkOUP (JUAkfERS:
                FFIAALE fIU05LHIILDLk                         203    1   Uv4i4 Ctill-0 OF HOUSEHOLDERI (8)                    1  114MATE. OF INSTITUTION           100            92
               2 OH @--OWF- Pkk3ONS:                                 I   IN PARRIEU-COUPLE FAOILY                    1037     1  UJHE.R
                MAkRIEU-C11UPLE FAMILY                       1uhl    I   IN OTHER FAMILY (MALE OR       FEMALE                I................................         ---------
                0ImEW FAMILY:                                        I    HOUSEHOLUEW, NO SPOUSE PRESEW)              155     1 8. RELATED CmILDREN IIY AGE (8)
                 @IALL HUUSEWILUER, 14U alf-F                  Ito   I   OTOER RELATIVES (5)                             63   1
                 FEMALE HOUSEHOLUEN, 1,40 HUSHANU             157    1   NU14RELAIIVES (6)                               9    1 ONDER 5 YEARS                                  2M0
                NOfjF4mlLY H(JUSEHOLUI                               I   IN GROUP QUANTEkSg                                   1 5 TO 17 YEAkS                                  975
                 PwALt 11OUSEHOLUE-14                          25    1   INMAIE OF INSTITUTION                                I..............  ft --------------   -    .........
          C)     @LNALL 11OU5EhULUEk                           12    1   (1 rMEk                                              1 11. HOUSEHOLDS V-ITH 014 ON MmRE
           I   ------------------------------------------            I---------------------    m ----------------------       I      NOWNELATIVE5 PRESENT                         55
          NJ   9. MOUSE1101.0S i9j7h ONE (114 ALINt PkRSUNS          1   10. HOUSEHOLDS V-ITH ONE OR muRE PERSOr4S            I------------------------------------------
                  UoUE0 Ih YEARS IiY HOUSLIWI-0 IYPE                 1      60 AND 65 YEARS AAD OVER HY PERSONS               1 12. OCCUPIED H0UJJi,4G 101118 BY TENuHt
                                                                     I      IN HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSEHOLD        TYPE            I    HY RACE OF HIJUSLHOLDtk
               NAI@I,IIEV-CUUPLE FAmILY                       522    1                             60 YLAWS     65 YEARS      I
               (IThEN FAMILY:                                                                      ANU UVER     AND OVER      I                                 TLIT AL   OCCUPIED
                MPL@, HUUbEkIa;L1lFk, NO   vIFF                                                    *********  *********       I                             *********   *********
                fEHALE i1UV,%LHf'L0tk, NO ftIj3tAAb            ql    I   I Ptkbuftl                         It$8      160     1 NMI TE                           1584          256
               NONFANILY mOUSEHIJI-0                            Z    1   2 OR NIURE PERSUiISI                                 I bLACK
                       Ali ---- - -----                ----------        FAMILY WIUSEHOLU                   385       24?     1 AME@ILAN INUIAN,
                3. 8   '7;H         N                                    NUNFAMILY HOUSEHOLD                             6    1  tSklPfU AIYD ALEUT                   I
                               OR767   HIIU   017; H
                    IEWURL klY RACE OF HUIJS@1-1111-004              I............................................            I ASIAN AND PACIFIC
                                                          WEMTER     1   14. oCCUPTED HUUS114G UNITS BY TENUHF MY             I    ISLANIiER (4)                      2
                                                 Itt.  uCCuPIEU      I      PEkSOI\IS 114 Will (7)                            1 oftLR (3)                             1
                                         *******,k* *********        I                                             RENTER     I------------------------------------------
               TOTAL                               4                 1                                  TOTAL   OCCUPIED      1 15, PtRSONS IN M1JU4I`t4OI-Ij MY JEWURE (10)
               t%Hj IE                             4                 1                             *********  *********       I
               HLACK                                                 I   IetpsuN                            314          61   1 TUTAL                                          aqaa
                                                     ------------    1   2PENSONS                           519          56   1 RENTEk OCCUPIED                                667
                                                       Ijm@. ilk     1   3PEN SOWS                          270          51)  1........ w ---------------------------------
                    PUIIE PLkSuNS 155 YEAI?% lAi.-I; 1,10-k( L)Y     1   4FlEksWIS                          250          45   1 18. OCCUPIED HOUSJNI; U14ITS bY TEs1IUmE bY
                    TEAU14L bY A6E OF M0I)SLj1ULt+m                  1   5ptpsoijs                          143          17   1      PERSONS PLH RUOP.
                                                          PEI,jEk    1   6OW 1114E  Vk It SONS              92           8    1                                             REPITER
                                              Wl AL    I-ICCUPiLu    1   o*0160%: PERSO143 114 U,.\IIT  e.42          i@,/A   I                                  TOTAL    OCCUPIED
                                                                     I--------------------------------------------            I
                                                                     1   17. i-.tAW fIO'4tJFk OF PI:1481.048 PEK Ot;CUPlLu    1 1.00 ON LESS                     1569          256
               -UI,'UF,R 65 YF.AkS                 14                1      HIJUS11,11, Ur-IT (7)                    2.82     1 1.01 To 1.50                         19           3
                65 YEARS A,.tl OVER              -joi'2       rl I   I                                                        1 1.51 tip PuNk

               N(IlEss   A. -4lJIhFkS J.y Pu@E.,.ImtSt:S Ato- FinW,OJE                 Sr.F. F0oji,,uIF 1,Ai;F..
                         It. bt.Al@;K CELLS I-'--,1jJLIlJIi-@J[@:Fii ItIAT thli o%-u-,hEk IS "a)" 1)w ]HE DATA AkE 3UPPkESSED.
                                                                                                                                                                                             10

                                                                                                  19dO CE14SIJS (IF POPIJLm1If1N AND HOUSING - CHARACTE141STICS OF HWISING UNITS
                             LAofiEuCE PARK
                                      GEOURAPHYt STATE: M2                                 SVSAI @360                   CUUNFYI 049                     MCD 1          105          PLACEs 5700                     TRACT: 0114                           MLOCK 1                                1)                  IJAI                      Cut

                             1. TOTAL PERSONS                                                                      41SA4            1       2. HUUSING UNITS (INCLUOIN6 SEASONAL'                                                                   1     3. YEAR WUUNIJ HUOSING UNITS HY
                             ..........................................                                                             I              AND 1,4I(;kAroRy UNITS) dy ukHAw                                                                 I            UCCUPANCY STATUS (1)
                             4. YEAk-ROUijD HOUSING UNI(S dY ROOMS                                                                  I              ANU RURAL (2)                                                                                    1     TUIAL                                                                                       162S
                             I  ROOM                                                                                      9         1       r(j rAL                                                                                 Ihz7            I     OCCUPIED                                                                                    1588
                             2  ROOMS                                                                                     5         1       11481DE URMAN AREAS                                                                     1627            1     VACANT                                                                                            37
                             3  RUIJMS                                                                                  33          1       RURAL                                                                                                   1.  .................                        ft  ----------------------                                                   C)
                             4  RUIpA3                                                                                158           1          ....................................                                                                 1     6. At;I;RFGATE NU1103ER OF ROOMS IN YL414-
                             5  RUOAS                                                                                 320           1       S. YEAH-WOUND HOUSING UNITS BY UNITS                                                                    I            NUUND HOUSIN6 UNITS BY Tki!URE ANL)
                             6  OR mf)HE ROOMS                                                                     1100             1              AT ADORLSS                                                                                       I            VACA14CY STATUS (10)
                             MEDIAN RLIUMS                                                                            S.6           1       1                                                                                       1470            1     TOTAL                                                                                       9904
                                                                                                                                                   1 9                                                                                  #3 0        1     RENTER OCCUPIED                                                                             J397
                                                                                                                                    11      2101(cow FAME                                                                                    2      1     VACANT FOR SALL                        UioL Y                                                     814
                             T@tAL                                                                                 IS86             I       MOBILE HOVE OR THAILL14                                                                     73          1     VACANT FOR RENT                                                                                   66
                             RENTER LICCUPIED                                                                         299           1                                                                                                               1     OTHER VACANT (9)                                                                                  41
                                                                                 -- - ----------                                    I--------------------------------------------                                                                   I------------------------------------------
                                                                              HUU;;i..;                                             1       9. SPECIFIED 0oiNER-OCCUPIEU                                                                            1     10, SPECIFIED HE141fk-LJCCUPIEv HUOSING
                                  UNITS BY VACANCY 3TA7US                                                                           I              NUNCONUUMINIUM HOUSING                                                                           I              UP!IT8 BY CONTHACT RENT (12)
                             FOR SALE UNLY                                                                              14          1              UNITS BY VALUE (11)                                                                              1     WITH CASH HENrt
                             FOR RLNI                                                                                   14          1       LESS 7HAN S10vo00                                                                                8      1         LESS THAN $50                                                                                 2
                             HELD FOR OCCASIONAL USE                                                                      2         1       SIU,o00          TU      $14.999                                                            14          1         $50 To 199                                                                                    13
                             OTHER VACANT (9)                                                                             7         1       $15,000          1 (J    $19,999                                                            U7          1         stoo          To    stig                                                                      Is
                                                                                                                                    1       %20,000          TO      $24,999                                                            102         1         3,120         TO    1139                                                                      23
                             7 7         ;N' : x- @: t-, D_       r-i _N i-, 0-i ; (-47 _u   t'l,"i I-) ; 7 1-4 u- N- -1 _T 's      1       $25,000          10      $29,999                                                            167         1         1140          TO    1149                                                                      8
                                      tiY TENURE AND VACANCY SJAIUS                                                                 I       SA0,000          TO      %3'1,999                                                           171         1         1150          TO    $159                                                                      29
               cl            TOTAL                                                                                                  1       $35,000          70      $39,999                                                            99          1         $160          TO    1169                                                                      16
          C I                RkfjJFR OCCUPIED                                                                                       1       $46,000          in      *49,999                                                            IYS         I         SJ70          10    $199                                                                      14 1
                             VACAIIJ FOR SALE                     ONLY                                                              1       150,000          TO      $79,999                                                            31h         1         $200          10    $249                                                                      37
                             OTHER VACANT (9)                                                                                       1       ih0,000          Tfl     $99,999                                                            32          1         $250          TO    $294                                                                      7
                                                                                                                                                                            4            9                                              16          1         $300          TO    $399                                                                      3
                                                                                                                                            $8 11 So tot I) Ou .0 T7 0 * 119 99 * 99 99 9                                                    2      1         1400          10    1499                                                                      1
                                      FLIR-SALE ONLY HOUSING IINIIS HY (jCCU-                                                       1       $200,00() (IR MoRE                                                                                      1         $500          ItR   MORE                                                                      2
                                      PANLY STATUS BY CONDOMINIUM STATUS(II)i                                                               ME01AN VALUE                                                                 1        313900            1         mEDIAW CUNINACI NE,4T                                                                   17S
                                                                                   UANER             VACANT FOR                     I                                                                                                               I     til) CASH RENT                                                                                    I'S
                                                                              OCCOP I @ 1)             SALL UN0                     I-----------------------                                      v   -------------------                                     ft ---------------------------                                         -------          7-:
                                                                                                                                    1       13. YEAR-PLIONO HOUSING UNIIS BY ]EIjUkE Aill) OCCUPANCY                                                                                                                   TOT i,                 RLN E
                             NnNCIINDUMINIUM:                                                                                       I              SIA10S BY PLUMBING FACILITIES                                                                                                                 TIAAL          ficcupIF0                 nCCt.ipIEp
                                IU74L                                                   )111                            13          J
                                IVLA14 VALVE                                  $       43313                       3259b             I       COmPLLIF PLUOHING FOR EXCLUSIVE USE                                                                                                                  1617                     Isfp                        254
                             CUNUOHINIU(Ils                                                                                         I       LA(;KIK-G ComPLETE PLUMBING FOR EXCLUSIVE USE                                                                                                                8                                                  5
                                rufAL                                                                                               ------------------------------------------                                                               ft  ------       ft ---------------------                                               .........
                                f1fAN VALUE                                                                                         1       15. OCCUPIP(I HUOSING UNITS PPITH 1.01 Olt                                                              1     16. PERS014S 114 (JC(;IJPIEfl HOUSI-off; ONITS
                             ------------------------------------------                                                             I              ri-LINE PLRSIINS PER Uf*I1 BY TLNURE.                                                            I              LACKIN6 CW;PLFfk PLUmhIN1'.,'FACILI7IES
                             14. SPECIFIED HE.14TEH-OCCUP(Lij PAYIN(i                                                               I              PERSONS, AND PLUMBING FACILITIES(13)                                                             I              Ftik EXCLUSIVE I)SE (13)                                                                 12
                                      CASH RENT ANU VACANT-POR-oErif HLIUS-                                                         I                                                                                          RFNfLR               I---------------------------------                                               ----------
         C@                           ING UNITS BY UCCUPANCY STAIUS                                                                 I                                                                    IOTAL            UCCUPILD                  1     17. VACANT UN17S
                                                                                      PEI;11@k                 VALANI               I                                                         ********* *********                                   I
                                                                                 (IC(A)PIE@1i            F(lk VE,11                 I       w,fTs LACKIN(i C(it"ILLIE                                                                                     Y@AV-140111`10 WHICh AkE BOAR061i UP
                                                                                                                                    I       PLUM01fif; FtIR L)(CLU-                                                                                 I     FOP ktmT, Atil0i HAVE bft;J vAC4oT
                             TUTAL                                                           237                        14          1       SIVE USE                                                                                                I       f!.)H 2 OR MORE I-16,It-IIHS                                                                    7
                             MEAN C014TRAcr RENT                                             173                      151           1       vEkstje@s I"', ONITS                                              1414                      23          1     FOR SALF ONLY WHICH HAVE bEE@
                             ------------------------------------------                                                             I       14111ki CONPLVTF l"LU,VAING                                       1411                      i,/A        I       VACAI!;1 POR 6 OR MORe 1'014143                                                                                   C
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                                                                                                                                          C         C

                                                                              APPENDIX D

                                  LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY
                                                   1983

            Dear Lawrence Park Resident:

                  The Planning Commission of Lawrence Park Township is in the midst of reviewing,

            updating, improving and revising short and long range plans, zoning and subdivision

            ordinances and other concerns necessary to assure that our Township will remain a

            "good place to live.". With that in mind, weaskyou, a resident and one who i-s

            familiar with your neighborhood and its characteristics, for your thoughts and

            opinions on the items included on the following pages.

                  A similar survey was conducted 11 years ago by the East Lake Jaycees in

            cooperation with Lawrence Park Township. Several items, which were concerns of

            yoursat that time, have now been corrected or improved - thanks to your guidance.

            it is the hope of the Planning Commission that similar items will be called to

            our attention as a result of this survey and that our planning efforts will benefit

            from your suggestions.

                  This survey was delivered to you by a Lawrence Park resident. She will

            return to your house on                               to pick up your completed

            survey. This method will assure us of a high return   factor. If you will not be

            home this day, please put the survey form in your door or drop it off at the

            Township Office at 864 Silliman Avenue.

                  If you have any questions concerning the survey, please call Jim Weigle

            at 899-8552 or Jack Shabel at 899-1640.

                  Thank you for your cooperation.
                                                    Sincerely,,_
                                                    ian*is44Mahoney, Chairman
                                                    Lawrence Park Township
                                                    'Planning-Commission

                                                    D-1

                                    LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY
        TOTAL                                        1981

       Part A       WHATJS YOUR OPINION ON   THE FOLLOWING FACILITIES AND SERVICES?
                                                             Excellent     Good         Average   Poor     No
                                                                                                           Comment
           1.    Street conditions are                            55       323          223       49       19
           2.    Police protection is                             208      311          110       23       17
           3.    Fire protection is                               412      222          14        1        20
           4.    Ambulance service is                             433      193          14        1        2&
           5.    Justice of the Peace  services are               77       294          128       54       116
           6.    Erie City Bus service is                         80       351          145       ?,A
           7.    In your area, playgrounds are                    53       306          113       5f;      141
           8.    The Napier Avenue Park is                        50       264          87        19       249
           9.    The Morse Street.Park is                         36       237          116       23       25*7'
          10.    The Lake Cliff Park is                           29       251          135       36       218
          11.    The Twp. boat ramp at L.  Cliff is               22       152          144       74       277
          12.    Supervision of playgrounds in summer,  is        59       238          115       32       .225
          13.    The pressure of city water is                    96       391          109       52       21
          14.    Garbage and refuse collection  is                347      274          34        5        9
          15.    Sewers in your area are                          124      405          91        25       24
          16.    Parkinq in the Business  District is             35       274          216       96       48
          17.    Traffic movement in the  Tn. is                  56       407          137       26       43
          18.    The general appearance of your area   is.        127      383          ins       36       15
          19.    The general appearance of L.P. is                54       413          151       27       24
          20.    Traffic signals & signs in L.P. are              46       408          155       29   1   31
          21.    Snow removal is                                  195      309          114       33       18
          22.    Street lighting  is                              116      383          133       22       15
                 Maintenance of streets is                        88       340          175       40       26
          24.    Zoning ordinances in the Twp. are                39       285          160       32       153
          25.    Enforcement of zoning ordinances is              30       252          150       50       187
          26.    Local news coverage by  newspaper is             20       205          241       146      57
          27.    Local news coverage by  radio is                 17       186          243--     138      90
          28.    Local news coverage by  T.V. is                  24       184          240       131      90
          29.    L.P. Elementary School:   staff is               68       217          104       14       266
          30.    Building and equipment  is                       74       265          77        1-3      40
          31.    Quality of Educational  Program is               79       224          112       22       32
          32.    Discipline in the school is                      37       185  1       155       41       51
          33.    I-roquois .:High School :staff is                56       226          120       18       49
          34.    Buildinq and equipment is                        86       279          77        5        22
          35.    Quality of Educational Program is                65       217          126       26
                                                                                                           4

                                                                                                           3

                                                                                                           5

                                                                                                           4
                                                                                                           0

                                                                                                           2

                                                                                                           9

                                                                                                           22

          36.    Discipline in the school is                      39       151          155       59       6-5
          37.    Communication between'school & com-              51       225          161                0
                 munity is                                                                        62  7 or
                                                      D-2

                                    LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY
                                                    1983

        TOTAL

        Part B                   WHAT ARE YOUR FEELINGS ABOUT THE FOLLOWING:

                                                                                   Yes         No         No
                                                                                                       Comment

            1.   Did you attend the Erie Playhouse   within the last year?         160         499        10

            2.   Is there noticeable air pollution   in your area?                 237         399        33

            3.   Do you favor the elimination of outside trash burning?            292         362        15

            4.   Do you approve of offshore drilling in Lake Erie?                 188         416        65

            5.   Are there disturbing noises in your area?                         246         394        29

            6.   Should Nagle Road, between Iroquois Avenue & Buffalo
                 Road be reopened?                                                 548         80         41

            7.   Should there be more traffic control at Harborcreek Mall?         384         241        44

            8.   Should the intersection at East Lake Road & Iroquois Ave.
                 be redesigned to allow a safertraffic pattern?                    476         153        40
            9.   Do you use the Tri-Commnity swimming pool?                        141         517        11
           10.   Is Lawrence Park a good place to live?                            635         12         22
           11.   Are you satisfied with the political make up of the Twp.?         504         95         70
           12.   Should senior citizen housing be constructed in L.P.?             471         119        79

           13.   Should "Sex Education" be included in the curriculum
                 from grades K thru 12?                                            438         135        96

           14.   Are the L.P. schools, in conjunction with the Lions Club &
                 L.P. Fire Dept. giving adequate attention to safety educatioil    510         34        125

           15.   Should the School Board communicate more than 3 times per
                 year with the residents and "Information Bulletin"?               283         297        89

           16.   Should Iroquois have a year-round school program with
                 students required to attend a minimum of 9 months?                238         311       120

           17.   Should there be a community building which would have commun..
                 ity meeting rooms and house the Township offices?                 275         305        89

           18.   For safety and traffic control, should the light at Main &
                 Rankine be moved to Main and Smithson?                            182         373       114

           19.   Should th e School'Board continue to mail the "Information"
                 Bulletin" to all residents?                                       581         40         48

           20.   Shou lda plan be developed to beautify Main Street?               507         106        56
           21. JShould a county wide reassessment occur in the near                294         271

                                    LAWRENCE PARK TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY
              TOTAL                                  1983
              Part C
                     1. Please check (%/) the area in  which you live:
                  138        South of Main Street between Water Street and Iroquois Avenue.
                   91     -  Between Main Street and Iroquois Avenue.
                  238        Between Iroquois Avenue and the lake.
              1   185      1 Lake Cliffarea.         F     17         No Comment

                     2. How  old is the building you live in?
                    1        Less than 3 years             78         11 - 20years
                    5        3 - 5 years                 307          21 - 50 years
                   21        6 - 10 years                244          over 50 years             No Comment

                     3. What is the age of the head of your    household?
                   14        18 - 24 years               106          45 - 54 years
                   88        25 - 34 years               168          55 - 64 years
                  102        35 - 44 years               187          65 and over               No Comment

              Part D                           PERSONAL PROFILE
                                                                             Yes          No    No Comment
                1.  Have you lived in Lawrence Park five or more years?      594          72           3
                2.  Do you own yojur home (including buying)?                606          62           1
                3.  Are there school age children in your family?            231          432          6
                4.  Would you be interested in living in senior              246          366         57
                    citizen housing in Lawrence Park Township?
                5.  Are you or any member of your family currently
                    receiving unemployment compensation or have you            68         590         11
                    already exhausted benefits?

              PART E                        OPEN END QUESTIONS

              1. WHAT RETAIL BUSINESSES WOULD YOU SUPPORT IN LAWRENCE PARK?

              2.  PLEASE IDENTIFY ANY EXISTING OR POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS TRAFFIC/
                  PEDESTRIAN SITUATIONS IN THE TOWNSHIP:

              3.  IN YOUR OPINION WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS WHICH NEED
                  TO BE DONE TO MAKE THIS A BETTER COMMUNITY?

                                                      D-4

                       TOTAL

                       PART E

                       TOP ANSWERS:

                       Question #1

                       Hardware Store                          117
                       Grocery Store                           66
                       5 & 10 Store                            48
                       Variety Store                           34
                       Drug Store                              30
                       Bakery                                  25
                       Department  Store                       24
                       Cleaners                                23
                       Shoe Store                              19
                       None                                    18
                       Fast Food Restaurant                    10
                       General Store                             9

                       Question #2

                       Iroquois/E. Lake Road                   88
                       Nagle/E. Lake Road                      38
                       Visibility - Main/Smithson              24
                       Speeding Iroquois, Nagle, etc.          21
                       Harborcreek Mall Entrance               15
                       Iroquois/Nagle Road                     11
                       G. E. Traffic                             7

                       Question #3

                       Improve Main Street                     85
                       Repair Sidewalks                        43
                       Control Dogs/Cats                       42
                       Clean up yards, trash, etc.             33
                       Open Nagle crossing                     18
                       Repair Streets                          15
                       Upgrade Academics                       14
                       Better Street Lighting                   6

                                                     D-5

                                                                             3 6668 14102 7013