[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]






















                         USE AND PEOPLE'S
                          PERCEPTIONS OF
                      WATERFRONT WALKWAYS

                        THREE CASE STUDIES
                           IN WISCONSIN:
                      MANITOWOC, SHEBOYGAN
                          AND MILWAUKEE











                                     COASTAL ZONE

                                   INFORMATION CENTER





                        WSMNSIN COASTAL
                        NMAGEmENT.NoGRAm



     HT
     167.5
      w6
     H47
     1990





















                                      USE AND PEOPLE'S

                                       PERCEPTIONS OF

                                  WATERFRONT WALKWAYS



                                     THREE CASE STUDIES

                                         IN WISCONSIN:
                                  MANITOWOC, SHEBOYGAN
                                       AND MILWAUKEE







                                                BY
                                   OSCAR HERRERA, ECONOMIST

                                               1990





    

                                     U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
                                     COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
                                     2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                                     CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413



                                        property of CSC Library
 









                                           TABLE OF CONTENTS


                EXECUTIVE   SUMMARY   ...........................       I........... .4


                  I. INTRODUCTION       ........................................      1

                 II. THE    RESEARCH QUESTION      .............................      3
                       Operatio*nal Definitions       ...........................     3


                III.   DESIGN   OF  THE  STUDY   ...............................      5

                       Methodology   ........   ....................    o ........... 5.

                       Procedures   ........       ........                         *.7

                       Selection of Subjects       ............................      11


                 IV.   ANALYSIS OF DATA      .................................       13

                       Manitowoc   .................    I......   ................   13

                       Summary  ..........................        ......    ........ A9

                       Sheboygan   ..........................                   ..... 57

                       Summary  ................................        ............ 87%

                       Milwaukee   .........................................         94

                       Summary  ....................    .......       ..........    122


               V.,CONCLUSIONS    ............                  .................    128


              'AP PENDIX   ...............................................          131













                                     EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



               The purpose of this document was to obtain information about

               the effectiveness of federal and state expenditures for

               construction of waterfront walkways as part of Wisconsin's

               coastal communities waterfront redevelopment efforts.



               Many of the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program funds have

               been directed to support waterfront redevelopment in the

               coastal communities of Wisconsin (Lake Michigan and Lake

               Superior) and to increase public access in the coastal zone.

               Specifically, many of the funds from this program have been

               allocated for the construction of public.waterfront

               walkways.



               Three locations where the Wisconsin Coastal Management

               Program has allocated federal and state funds for

               construction of waterfront walkways were analyzed.

               (Manitowoc, Sheboygan and Milwaukee).



               To obtain information about the use of these facilities,

               counts of people using the walkways during the summer on

               different days, at different locations, and at different
               times of the day were taken for each community. To'obtain

               people's perceptions of the facilities, random interviews of

               walkway users and local business owners were conducted.













               The information gathered from this research showed that in

               all of the communities, each of the waterfront walkways was

               extensively used. The main difference in the amount of use

               depends basically on the location of a particular segment of

               the walkway. In general, the more attractions Provided, the

               more use the particular segment received.



               The waterfront improvements in all of the communities,

               specifically the waterfront walkways, are highly appreciated

               by the users of the facilities. People using the waterfront

               walkways and merchants of the area thought the waterfront

               improvements are indeed an important asset for the

               community.



              @The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program was proud to learn

               that Program funds are assisting in the economic

               revitalization of Wisconsin's coastal communities. The

               waterfront access projects are used and appreciated by the

               public. These projects contribute to the overall economic

               well-being of the recipient communities, enhance the area

               and attract tourists.














               I. INTRODUCTION




               The WCMP first received funds earmarked for waterfront

               redevelopment projects in FY 1986. Since that year, in

               average, over 50% of the total monies available for coastal

               grants have been allocated for construction projects.



               Eligible projects under these grants must be within the

               parameters set under Section 306A of the Coastal Zone

               Management Act. These funds, also'known as low-cost

               construction grants, may be used for non-capital intensive

               projects. Examples of eligible projects for construction

               grants are: Improvements to waterfront parks  construction

               of waterfront walkways, boatramp construction and

               rehabilitation, and other low-cost construction projects

               which provide public ac.cess*to the waterfront. Ever since

               the WCMP made monies available for construction projects,

               many of these grants have been allocated for developing

               walkways along the waterfront, which 1ocal communities feel

               are essential elements for waterfront development efforts.



               There has been some concern about the extent of use and the

               importance of walkways along the waterfront which are funded

               by the WCMP. Questions have been raised whether this is the
               best allocation of WCMP grants, or whether these funds might

               better be spent on other types of projects.












               The intention of this document is to provide the WCM Council

               with some data gathered at three sites where the WCMP has

               allocated grants for construction of waterfront walkways.

               The chosen sites were Milwaukee, Sheboygan and Manitowoc.

               Milwaukee was chosen because the city is planning a major

               riverfront walkway development, of which the WCMP has

               already been a part. Milwaukee also represents an urban area
               in a downtown location. The other two sites, Sheboygan and

               Manitowoc, were chosen because the WCMP has allocated a

               large amount of funds in developing the,walkways along the

               waterfront in these areas. These locations also represent

               sites that are basically tourist-oriented.



               The reader must be aware that the data presented in this

               study refers only to events recorded on specific days during

               July, August and September. This may represent a typical

               behavior of events that occur during the summer. However, by

               no means are we suggesting that extrapolating the data

               gathered would give an accurate description of events that

               happen throughout the year. In order to achieve this, we

               would need a different research methodology which would

               include statistically accurate sampling tools and other

               types of data collection techniques.










                                          2














               II. THE RESEARCH QUESTI





               The WCMP has funded several waterfront walkways in coastal

               communities. These walkways are part of the communities,

               overall waterfront redevelopment efforts.



               The question to be addressed in this study is the following:

               How much are walkways funded by the WCMP used,.and what is

               the significance of these facilities to the users and to

               members of the community?





               Operational Definitions



               To create a uniform criteria for the issues:which ate going

               to be analyzed, there must be a common understanding of main

               terms used. In research methodology in social sciences, this

               set'of definitions is known as operational definitions. In

               this study, the operational definitions in the research

               question are the following:



               WalkwaV or Walk: A passage for walking or jogging along a

               riverfront, lakefront or in an area close to the waterfront.








                                          3












               The use of walkways: The physical count of people using the

               walkways at different times of day, at different locations

               and at different sections of the walkway-



               In this study, the walkways analyzed were divided into

               sections. This was done so that counts could be taken in

               specific locations. For example, a walkway that was about

               one mile long was divided into four.segments. Counts could

               then be taken at each of the four segments at different

               times on different days.



               Regarding the use of the walkways, we can surely affirm that

               there is no "average." use of these types of facilities. An

               average use is unknown and very difficult to attempt to

               define. Variables such as community attractions, day of

               week, time of the day and weather, among others, will affect
               the use of the walkways. Walkways may be' used less on a

               Tuesday morning than on a Friday afternoon; however.. this

               may differ considerably from the use the facility may get  on

               a weekend or a holiday. The location of the'segment of the

               walkway will also affect the amount of use of the

               facilities. The facility may be more heavily-used closer to

               where other amenities exist and lesser-used the farther one

               moves away from the major attraction of the area.








                                           4











               Significance: The expression of a reason for having

               something, which in this study is having the walkways in the


               area.




               The significance of walkways was accounted for in the

               following terms: 1) The opportunity cost of the investment
               of the facility (the shadow price of the investment). This

               was measured in terms of the perceptions of the people of

               the location for having walkways in their area as opposed to

               not having them. 2) The return for the investment. This was

               measured by perceptions of area merchants of business they

               may obtain because of the existence of the facilities.






               III. DESIGN OF THE STUDY




               Methodolo

               Two of the main problems encountered when conducting social

               research are: 1) the issue of choosing an appropriate

               research methodology to address the specific question to be

               analyzed, and 2) the time.and resources available when

               conducting the research. There may not be a single research

               method which can be perfectly applied to the problem to be

               studied. While some methods concentrate on gathering data

               concerning a few factors from a large number of social

               units, others make an intensive study of a limited number of

               units. Time and resources necessary.to conduct the research


                                           5












               are also determining factors on the type of research chosen

               to analyze the problem. Usually, the more time and resources

               available, the more thorough a study.



               Several research methods were considered for' this study:

               correlation studies, trend studies, path analysis studies,

               survey studies, forecast studies, etc. For the type of

               problem and time-available for the research, the multiple

               case study method was felt most appropriate to analyze this

               problem.



               The multiple case.study is a variation of the case study

               method. The case study method refers to the investigation of

               a particular unit. The case method employs as a unit of

               analysis a situation, an individual, or in our case, a

               walkway in a community. The case study method is a scheme of

               organizing specific data of a unit that explains the current

               situation of the unit under analysis. The advantage of the

               case study method over other methods is that it takes into

               consideration the time involved in the study. The analysis

               done with this method will specifically refer to the series

               of events studied at the units of analysis at that

               particular time, in this case from July to September.



               The case study method usually collects data through verbal

               and non-verbal acts. Verbal acts are the expressions and

               feelings about a particular issue or thing. Non-verbal acts


                                          6











               can be characterized by the behavior or reaction of a person

               with respect to something in particular.






               Procedures




               As a means of gathering data for this study, interviews and

               structured observation (methods used to analyze information

               in the case study method), prove to be reliable and useful

               techniques. Many people are more willing to communicate

               orally than in writing, and therefore will provide more data

               readily and fully in an interview than on a questionnaire.

               Indeed,.several advantages accrue from the friendly

               interaction in an interview that can not be obtained in a

               limited, impersonal questionnaire contact. The interviews

               for this research were conducted by a University of

               Wisco nsin student who in a face-to-face meeting was able to

               encourage subjects and to probe more deeply into an issue.

               The interviewer acquired information that many times would

               not have been conveyed in written replies. By asking leading

               questions, through a guided conversation, structured

               interviewing led to obtaining the information and data

               needed for this study.



               By using comments such as- "could you repeat that, could

               you tell me more about that" - the student encouraged

               interviewees to relate their impressions in their own words.


                                          7












               Interviewing served best to obtain information, impression,

               perceptions and feelings that could be verbally reported.



               The main issues discussed with the users of the walkways

               during the guided conversation were: origin-of the

               interviewees (residence), main reason for being at the

               location, how often the interviewee visited the site (times

               per year), plans for their stay in the area, interviewee's

               awareness and opinion of the waterfront (especially of the

               walkway), perceptions of the walkway, having the walkway

               versus not having it, etc.



               The main issues discussed during the guided conversation

               with the local merchants were: awareness of the waterfront,

               opinion.of the walkways, how they felt the waterfront

               affected their business, etc. Similar to the interviews with

               the users of the walkway, the interviews with the merchants

               were done on a random basis. Managers or owners of the

               businesses were interviewed, rather than store clerks.

               Interviews with merchants at the three locations took place

               on a weekday when the interviewer felt they would be more

               responsive and not too busy with normal business activities.

               In general, most of the business people interviewed were

               very cooperative; however, some of the merchants were very

               sensitive talking about their business.






                                          8











               observation is. a tool that is complementary to interview ing,

               and very helpful in our case to account for the amount of

               use the walkways receive. Structured observation was used to

               obtain information about use of the facilities. Structured

               observation was used to record those variables important to

               the study. In this case, the structured observation took

               account of those people using the facilities for any

               purpose. For example, recorded observations included the use

               of the walkways for walking, biking, jogging, watching

               boats, reading, taking pictures, skateboarding, etc.



































                                          9











                The chronological field research included the following site
                visits:


                             Date           Day            Location

                           July 2          Sunday          Manitowoc
                           July 3          Monday          Manitowoc
                           July 4          Tuesday         Manitowoc

                           July 15         Saturday        Sheboygan
                           July 16         Sunday          Sheboygan

                           July 20         Thursday        Manitowoc
                           July 21         Friday          Manitowoc

                           July 26         Wednesday       Sheboygan,
                           July 27         Thursday        Sheboygan

                           August 1        Tuesday         Milwaukee
                           August  2       Wednesday       Milwaukee

                           August  12      Saturday        Manitowoc
                           August  13      Sunday          Manitowoc

                           August  19      Saturday        Milwaukee
                           August  20      Sunday          Milwaukee

                           August  24      Thursday        Milwaukee
                           August  25      Friday          Milwaukee

                           August  30      Wednesday       Manitowoc
                           August  31      Thursday        Manitowoc

                           September  2    Saturday        Sheboygan
                           September  3    Sunday          Sheboygan
                           September  4    Monday          Sheboygan



                To record  the number of people using the walks, a     two hour

                count was  considered for any given site. observation forms

                used to record the use of the walkways appear in the

                appendix of the study.










                                             10













               Selection of Subjects



               The target approach technique was felt to be most

               appropriate to obtain information from the subjects of

               analysis. The target approach involves interviewing and

               observing those people who are directly involved in the

               research question, i.e., walkway users and local

               businessmen. Interviews to uncover the perception of the

               walkways were made on a'random basis with the users of the

               walkways. Interviews and observation took place at the three

               locations (Sheboygan, Manitowoc, and Milwaukee). Interviews

               of walkway users and counts of the users took place at

               different segments of the walkways at different dates and

               different times. Interviews with the merchants were done

               with the businesses of the area. The interviews made by the

               field researcher were done on a random basis. This means

               that whenever the interviewer felt there was an opportunity

               for an interview, the researcher made an attempt to get an

               interview. While most of the interviewees were very

               cooperative and to a certain degree excited to participate

               in the research and express their opinions, some other (very

               few) subjects rejected the interviewer. The main reason for

               rejection was lack of time available.



               It is very important to mention that for the first site

               visits (that is, three site visits to Manitowoc, two to












               Sheboygan and one to Milwaukee), the'interviewer did not

               specifically pay attention to those handicapped people using

               the walkways. In retrospect, the field researcher does not

               recall observing obviously handicapped people, or

               interviewing any of them, during those site visits. From the

               seventh site visit on, the field researcher was instructed

               to pay attention to handicapped people using the walkways,

               or as an alternative, to people using strollers, who may

               also appreciate handicapped facilities.




































                                          12














               IV. ANALYSIS OYDATA




               MANITOWOC




               The waterfront walkway in Manitowoc is about 1.3 miles long.

               It starts at the busiest area of the waterfront, the

               Maritime Museum. The walkway runs along the waterfront of a

               recently built hotel, the waterfront of the YMCA, through a

               small beach, along Manitowoc's marina, along highway 42

               through a park, into a nature area and ends at a main avenue

               almost perpendicular to Highway 42.



               For the study, the walkway was divided in four segments.



               Segment Number 1 (Museum Section)

               This first segment includes the portion from the Maritime

               Museum to the waterfront section of the Inn on Maritime Bay

               Hotel. (About 1,400 feet.)



               Segment Number 2 (Marina Section)

               This section includes the portion of the walkway from the

               YMCA to the end of the Marina. This segment crosses a small

               beach near the YMCA. (About 2,300 feet.)



               Segment Number__3 (Shelter Section)

               This section includes. the walkway from the end of the marina

               to where the walkway crosses Highway 42. This portion of the



                                            13












               walkway goes through a waterfront park which has a shelter,

               picnic amenities, a large parking lot etc. Right across the

               picnic area there is breakwater which projects into lake

               Michigan. This is a major attraction of the area.

               (The length of this segment of the walkway is about 2,200

               feet.)



               Segment Number 4 (Nature Section)

               This portion of the segment includes where the walkway

               starts on the west side of Highway 42. The walkway goes by a

               picnic shelter, through a nature area to where the walkway

               meets Waldo Boulevard. (About 1,050 ft.)






























                                           14









                                                                                                                              X



                                              Waldo Boulevard






                                        Nature
                                        Area


                                                                                                             K:


                                                                                                    . ..... ........ . . . . .
                                                                                           .. ..................... .. I


                                                                                                             .."I.I.I.I.I., . . . . . . . . . . .

                                                                                                          ......                                .....

                                Picnic Shelter
                                                                                               ...........   ....                               X


                                                                                               x.


                                                                                                          ............





                                                                            Parkin




                                                                              Park
                                                                                             .. ............ . . . . . . . . . .



                                                                                               . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




                                                                              Marina                                                            X
                                                                                                                                                 ............
                                                                                                                                             ..... .... ..I
                                                                                                     .........
                                                                                                 .. ...........
                                                                                                    ............                            . ......
                                                                                                                      I..: X.







                                                                                                                 ...........

                                                                                                                   1 mj:@ i


                                                             YMCA

                                                                                    .. .......
                                         Parki                                ....... . .
                                                Mg
                                                                              ........... sm,
                                                                                      I  X.
                                                             Hotel
                                                                                     .........
                                                                             ..............
                               Museum

                                                                                                  X,
                                                                             ..............
                                                                                                                                                  ... XX
                                                                           .............                        X

                                         . . .......... .
                                             ..........
                                                                  . ..............

                                                      X                       .. ........
                                                                              ........ ..
                                      .............                        .. .. ........
                                       .............. . ........
                                           .... . .. ... .
                              . ...... .................
                                                                        ... ................

                                               ......... .......
                                                          ..........        ...
                                                           ...               . ...........................
                                                                                            ... ....  .....
                                                                               ...........
                                                                              ...........................          ...

                                                                . .... . .
                                                                         . ........ . .
                                                                                                ........                       ....
                                                                                                                          ......... .... .. ..
                                                                                                                   .................................
                                                                                                                   ...................................
                                                                                                                      ...................
                                                                                                                      . .. .. ..... ...............
          ...                                                                               ..                     . .........
                                                        ..................................... .
                                                      . ....................... .. .........
                                                                                                                   ........ ............... ....... .... .. ........ .....
                                                      I I ....................................I                    ..... ................
                                                                                                                   .... .................  ......
                                                                                                                      %? ......... ..............
                                                      ............ ... ..... ..... III
                                                                                                                      ..........;........... . ... I.'. .......


                                                                                 15













               To obtain a better picture of how much use the walkway in

               Manitowoc receives-, four site visits were scheduled. One

               site visit included the 4th of July weekend. The other three

               were randomly dispersed during the summer, with an attempt

               to sample every day of the week.


               The site visit days were the following:

                            DAY                    DATE

                           Sunday                July 2
                           Monday                July 3     (holiday
                           Tuesday               July 4      weekend)

                           Thursday              July 20
                           Friday                July 21

                           Saturday              August 12
                           Sunday                August 13

                           Wednesday             August 30
                           Thursday              August 31



               Observation of the use of the walkways was performed

               randomly. Observation took place at all sections of the

               walkway at different times of day. Each count was recorded

               during a two hour time period. Note that the information

               reported below refers to those counts recorded at each

               segment of the walk; the information does not represent the

               total number of users at all segments of the. walkway on a

               given day.









                                            16













                July 2, 3 and 4 (Sunday   TuesdaV)



                During the 4th of July weekend a total'of 18 hours of

                observation was recorded. The information obtained was the

                following:


                   Date         Total hours        Total Users of the Walkway
                                 Observed            at Different Segments

                Sunday July 2       4                448 (Inf. recorded at
                                                          Shelter and
                                                          Museum segments)

                Monday July 3       8                341 (Inf. recorded at
                                                          all 4 segments)

                Tuesday July 4      6                452 (Inf. recorded at
                                                          Nature, Marina and
                                                          Shelter segments)


                The highest count was recorded at the Shelter segment, which

                is where most of the picnic amenities are located. There is

                an area at this segment of the walkway which seems to be

                very attractive to the people. From the walkway there is   a

                breakwater which projects into thewaters of Lake Michigan.

                From the information gathered, it appears that this spot is

                heavily used. People using the walkway want to get close to

                the water by walking on the breakwater. Detailed information

                about where,the data was recorded, the time of the day and

                the precise activity of the users of the walkway during the

                four th of July weekend is presented in tables 1, 2 and 3.








                                             17










                                                    Table Number 1

                                               Manitowoc -- July 2,1989

                                                   Two Hour Totals

                         Sunday, July 2 (Segment 3-Shelter)                12:40 - 2:40 Rm

                         Adu Its                                      Children

                         103 going/coming from water           22  going/coming from water
                         50  walking                           12  walking
                         15  biking                            10  biking
                         22. watching water                     2  watching water
                         18  picnic                             5  picnic
                          2  jogging                            1  playing frisbee
                          1  playing frisbee
                          2  getting out fishing gear          F2

                         213

                                                                                  TOTAL 265


                         Sunday, July 2 (Segment 1 -Museum)                 3:30'- 5:30 Rm

                         Adults                                      Children
                         125 walking                           29 walking
                         14 biking                              7 biking
                          4 looking at water
                          4 taking family picture              56-

                         147

                                                                                  TOTAL 183


                                             SundayTotal (4hours) .448















                                                          18










                                                   Table Number 2

                                               Manitowoc -- July 3,1989

                                                   Two Hour Totals

                        Monday, July 3 (Segment 3-Sheiter)                 10:00 - 12:00 am
                        Adults                                        Children'
                        71  going/coming from water           33  going/coming from water
                        21  walking                           11  walking
                        25  biking                            17  biking
                         3  picnic                               1picnic
                         8  watching water                       1watching water
                         1  sorting fishing gear              F3
                        129                                                      TOTAL 192

                        Monday, July 3 (Segment 2-Marina)                 12:30 - 2:30 pm
                        Adults                                        Children
                        32  walking (beach area)                 8 walking (beach area)
                        12  walking (past marina)             .4 walking (past marina)
                         3  *biking (beach area)              10 biking
                         3 biking (past marina)               22-
                        50

                                                                                 TOTAL 72

                        Monday, July 3 (Segment 4-Naturp)                  3:30 - 5:30 prn
                        Adults                                        Children
                         6 walking                               3walking
                         1 jogging                               1biking
                         1 walking/biking

                         8

                                                                                 TOTAL 12

                        Monday, July 3 (Segment 1-Museum)                 6:15 - 8:15 prn
                        Adults                                        Children

                        .38 walking                           15 walking
                         4 biking                                7 biking
                         1 taking picture
                                                              22
                        43

                                                                                 TOTAL 65

                 "NOTE: it began to rain at 7:25 p.m.
                                            Monday Total (8 hours) 341


                                                             19










                                                   Table Number 3

                                              Manitowoc -- July 4,1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals

                        Tuesday, July 4 (Segment 4-Nature)                9:00 - 11:00 am,

                        Adults                                      Children
                        19 walking                             4' walking
                         3 jogging                             I biking
                         6 biking
                                                               5
                        28

                                                                                TOTAL 33


                        Tuesday, July 4 (Segment 2-Marina)                11:15 - 1:15 pm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        67  walking (beach area)               4 walking (beach area)
                        20  walking (past marina)              4 biking (past marina)
                         2  biking (beach area)                3 biking (beach area)
                        14  biking (past marina)
                         1  watching water                     11

                        104

                                                                                TOTAL 115


                        Tuesday, July 4 (Segment 3-Shelter)               2:00 - 4:00 Rm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        181 going/doming from water           42  going/coming from water
                        17  walking                            2  walking
                        12  picnic                             7  picnic
                        12  biking                             6  biking
                        18  watching water                     2  getting out fishing gear
                         2  enjoying shade
                         1  sunbathing                        9-9
                         1  taking pictures

                        245


                                                                                TOTAL 304

                                            Tuesday Total (6 hours) 452







                                                       20












               Interviews with Walkway Users



               During the fourth of July weekend spent in Manitowoc, we

               conducted several interviews with walkway users. Interviews

               were made on a random basis. A total of 19 interviews were


               conducted.




               Even though interviews were structured to obtain information,

               relevant to the research, interviews were open ended. A wide

               range of information was recorded, especially that

               pertaining to people's perceptions of.the waterfront and.

               walkway.-The information gathered in the interviews was

               summarized into what we thought was the most useful data for

               the research question. The main issues obtained during the

               interviews were the following:



               1 Origin of  the interviewee or permanent residence.

               2. Main reason for visiting the site.

               3. How often the interviewee visited the community.

               4. If the interviewee was a tourist, what else he, she

                  or they would do while staying in the area.

               5. Awareness of the waterfront.

               6. Interviewee's opinion of the waterfront.

               7. Perceptions of the walkway.



               Of the 19 people interviewed, seven people were from the

               City of Manitowoc, four were from within Wisconsin and eight'


                                           21












               from out of State. The people from out of state came from

               all parts of the country.



               In general, interviewees, opinions and perceptions of the

               facilities were very positive. It is especially important to
               note that both visitors and'residents were extremely

               impressed with the waterfront development that exists in the

               community. Many of those interviewed stated that the

               waterfront development is definitely an asset for the.

               community and was a reason for their visit. Some of the

               residents of the community stated that they were  aware of

               how the waterfront had experienced a tremendous

               transformation. It was'also interesting to hear that

               visitors from out of State thought that the waterfront

               facilities compare to or surpass those of other better-known

               communities throughout the country.



               The reader will find information gathered from the

               interviews on the following pages. The information is very

               interesting and sometimes amusing. We tried to keep the

               information in its original form as much as possible, so

               that the reader can get the same perception of the comments

               made by the interviewees as when the actual interview was

               done.











                                            22










                                                      Manitowoc Interviews

                                                          July 2 - 4,1989

                          1 - Residence/Origin

                                 Manitowoc              Wisconsin                Out of State
                                    7                   1 -Little Chute          2-Chicago, IL
                                                        1-N. Fond du Lac         1 -Tescott, KS
                                                        1-Oregon                 1-Hoffman Estates, IL
                                                        1 -Fort Atkinson         1-Minnesota
                                                                                 1-Grays Lake, IL
                                                                                 1-San Francisco, CA
                                                                                 I-San Diego, CA


                          2 - Reason for visiting site

                               3 - It's cooler here
                               3 - Relatives live here
                               2 - Fishing
                               2 - Exercise
                               1 - To get away, relax (had picnic, saw lake)
                               1 - Looking at town for place to retire
                               1 - Live here
                               1 - Using marina, taking an evening walk by the lake
                               1 - "Running away" -getting away from the city
                               .1 - Just traveling; stopped to have a picnic
                               1 - I was born on Lake Michigan. I'm a water/boat nut. I've been to
                                  most all ports around the lake.
                               1 - We had time to kill. There are a lot of things going on so we took a
                                  Sunday drive.
                               1 - My husband wanted to walk on the pier.

                               How often do you come here?

                               5 - First time
                               3 - 2-3 times per week
                               3 - 1-2 times per year
                               2 - 2-3 times per year
                               2 - 4 times per year
                               1 - First time in 2 years
                               I - First time in 5 years
                               'I - First time in 6 years
                               1 - Live across from marina

                          4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?

                               8 - Not applicable (live here)
                               2 - Visit Door Co.
                               1 - Visit relatives
                               1 - Sail at marina
                               1 - Fish in Lake Michigan
                               1 - Visit Fox Hills, Mishicot
                               1 - Fish, tour sub marine, take care of injured nephew
                               1 - Go camping, see submarine
                               1 - Sightsee around the area


                                                              23










                                                 Manitowoc interviews

                                                     July 2 - 4,1989

                                                      (Continued)

                            1 - Saw museum, marina
                            1 - Visit lake/beach in Two Rivers


                        5 - Awareness of waterfront

                            8 - Live here
                            3 - Drove along lake and came across
                            1 - Relatives live here
                            1 - Have a boat at marina
                            1 - Brought house boat up Lake Michigan - hitting every port
                            1 - Fishing, been coming here for years
                            1 - Fishing, fish boils; mom and dad came here for years
                            1 - Friends told about area
                            1 - Watched walkway being built
                            1 - Dad used to bring me here when it was undeveloped

                        6 - Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                            5 - Nice
                            2 - Beautiful
                            1 - Wonderful
                            1 - Great. It's really nice and clean. It's well kept up.
                            1 - Greatest development Manitowoc has had.
                            1 - I'm very impressed. I like the development. The walkway adds to
                                the area. I have been to other areas where lakefronts just have
                                parking lots and a rundown downtown. The walkway connects
                                different things on the lakefront, the museum, marina, etc.
                            1 - It's great
                            1 - Very nice. It's surprising what they have done. We can be proud of
                                it.
                            1 - Pretty. Looks nice.
                            1 - They fixed it up really nice.
                            1 - Very nice. It's a big improvement over what it used to be.
                            1 - Nice, definitely beneficial
                            1 - It's okay
                            1 - They made a lot of improvements in the last 10 years. It's a nice
                                thing.

                        7 - Perception of walkway

                            1 - I have mixed feelings. The state and federal government spends a
                                lot of money. It's nice and convenient but I question paying when
                                it's only used 3 or 4 months in the summer for most of the activities.
                                It's a year round investment.
                            1 - It's an improvement, but I don't know if it's worth the money. I don't
                                know why they went to these lengths.
                            1 - I wish they'd do more development. They should improve the south
                                beach (Red Arrow/Silver Creek) area.
                            1 - It's worth the money spent. It will benefit Manitowoc in the future, if
                                it hasn't already. It's nice the way they're developing the lakefront
                                and the marina.

                                                         24










                                                Manitowoc Interviews

                                                   July 2 - 4,1989

                                                     (Continued)

                           1 - I think it is worth the money. It's much better than it was before.
                           1 - Comparing it to the San Diego walkway which is closer to the water
                               it's nice this way because people can come closer to the water if
                               they want to. I think it benefits the community.
                           1 - It's a lot different from Chicago. We can come and enjoy it. It's not
                               too crowded, even on a holiday.
                           1 - It's definitely worth the money. If we moved here we would utilize it.
                           1 - It's nice. I've been many places where there was no access to the
                               water like there is here. It's definitely beneficial.
                           1 - Definitely a very good improvement. You can't imagine the
                               difference from before. It's very good for tourism. I have received
                               very good comments from tourists about the area. I know of a man
                               who has come 6 years in a row to visit.
                           1 -When I came here 5 years ago it looked a lot different. It's definitely
                               worth the spending as long as they take care of it. The State of
                               Wisconsin spends a lot of money foolishly for things like welfare. I'd
                               rather see the money spent like this. I wish they'd take care of Lake
                               Winnebago like this.
                           1 - It's a vast improvement. It's well worth it. We have brought friends
                               from Montana up to this site, that's how nice we think it is.
                           1 - It's beneficial to the area.
                           1 - It's nicer than before. It's worth the investment.
                           1 - In my opinion you -can't spend enough on development. The
                               docking/launching fees are more than respectable. In Chicago
                               they're $10, in Calumet they're $2. Boaters use gas, restaurants, etc.
                               and create money for the community. Wisconsin caters to the
                               tourist-that's good. They make it nice for the boating public-
                               Chicago doesn't. There are nice hotels on the lake. Racine is
                               beautiful. Go to Racine, it's top shelf. Don't go to Chicago for
                               boater facilities. That's why a lot of people from Illinois come up
                               here.
                           1 - This used to be a slum area part of town. This is really an
                               improvement. It has done a lot for Manitowoc. I love to live in this
                               part of town. I feel safe here. I would not feel that way in other parts
                               of town. I love to sit in my front room and look down on the. marina
                               and all the people. The walkway seems to be really busy on
                               Sundays.













                                                       25











               JulV 20 and 21 (ThursdaV and Friday)





               This second trip to Manitowoc was conducted about 10 days

               after the first visit. To obtain information on different

               days of the week, the site visit was deliberately scheduled

               for a Thursday and Friday. Also, in order to achieve a

               comprehensive picture of walkway usage, we recorded data at

               different times than on the fourth,of July weekend. For

               example, if we had recorded information at the Museum

               segment in the afternoon on the earlier visit, this time we

               recorded the information at that segment in the morning. The

               same was done for the other segments of the walk.



               On the first day of the visit, we recorded information at

               the four segments of the walkway. We had a total count of 8

               hours, with counts of two hours at each segment. Friday we

               recorded information at three sites with a total count of

               six hours. The information obtained was the following:


                    Date         Total Hours     Total Users of the Walkway
                                  Observed         at Different Segments

               Thursday July 20     8             274 (Inf. recorded at
                                                       all 4 segments)

               Friday July 21       6             237 (Inf. recorded at
                                                       Museum, Marina and
                                                       Shelter segments)







                                           26












               The usage of the walkway seems to be equally distributed on

               these two days of the week. Even though we recorded more

               people using the walkway on Thursday, the reader must

               remember that two more hours were spent by the researcher

               on this day than on Friday.



               As on the fourth of July weekend, the most popular sites

               along the walk seem to be the Museum (Segment 1) and the

               Shelter (Segment 3). People at the Museum segment seem to be
               interested'in taking a leisurely stroll while looking at the

               submarine outside the museum or after visiting the museum.

               People at the Shelter segment seemed to enjoy being close to

               the water; most of them walked back and forth.on the

               breakwater here. As on the fourth of July weekend, the least

               used segment of the walk was the Nature area.



               Precise information on the time of day the information was

               recorded and the activity of the users is presented in

               tables 4 and 5.























                                           27










                                               Table Number 4

                                           Manitowoc -- July 20,1989

                                               Two Hour Totals

                      Thursday, Ju ly 20 (Segment 1 -Museum)         10:00 - 12:00 am

                      Adults                                    Children.

                      108 walking                         14 walking
                         2 jogging                         9  biking

                      110                                 T3-

                                                                           TOTAL 133


                      Thursday, July 20 (Segment 2-Marina)            1:15 - 3:15 Pm

                      Adults                                    Children
                      13 walking (past marina)             1 walking (past marina)
                         7 walking (beach area)          20 biking
                      10 biking                            5 skateboarding

                      30                                 T6-

                                                                           TOTAL 56


                      Thursday, July 20 (Segment 4-Nature)           3:45 - 5:45 pm

                      Adults                                    Children
                         5 walking                        4 biking
                         1 biking
                         1 jogging                        4

                         7

                                                                           TOTAL-11

                      Thursday, July 20 (Segment 3-Shelter)          6:00 - 8:00 pm

                      Adults                                   Children
                      15  walking                         4 walking
                      24  going/coming from water        11 going/coming from water
                      11  biking                          1  biking
                         9jogging
                      11  watching water from car        16
                         2taking pictures

                      78

                                                                           TOTAL.94

                                        Thursday Total (8 hours) 274

                                                   28










                                                  Table Number 5

                                             Manitowoc -- July 21, 1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals

                        Friday, July 21 (Segment 2-Marina)                8:00 - 10:00 am

                        Adults                                      Children
                        18 walking (past marina)               3 walking 0
                        23 walking (beach area)                I biking
                         3 biking
                         2 jogging                             4

                        46

                                                                                TOTAL 50


                        Friday,J ly2l (Segment 3-Sheiter)                11:00 - 1:00 Pm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        20  going/coming from water          20 going/coming from water
                        10  walking                            6 walking
                         6  biking                           10 biking
                         8  jogging                            1 picnic
                        11  watching water from car
                         1  taking pictures                  5_7
                         1  mowing lawn
                         4  picnic

                        63

                                                                                TOTAL 100


                        Friday, July 21 (Segment 1 -Museum)               1:05 - 3:05 gm

                        Adults                                      Children

                        66 walking                           17 walking
                         1 jogging                             2 biking
                                                               1 roller-skating

                        67                                   2-0

                                                                               TOTAL 87

                                             Friday Total (6 hours) 237







                                                       29












               Interviews with WalkwaV Users



               Five interviews were conducted during this site visit. All

               of the people interviewed were from within the state of

               Wisconsin, and one was from the City of Manitowoc. People's

               perceptions of the waterfront and specifically of the

               walkway were very positive in each of the interviews. Most

               of the people expressed admiration for the beauty of the


               area.




               As in every walkway user interview, interviewees were

               randomly selected. It seems that people who visit Manitowoc

               during the week are mostly residents from the State who take

               a vacation and want to see a different environment and

               scenery than where they live.



               Information from the people in terviewed is described on the

               following page.




















                                           30










                                                   Manitowoc Interviews

                                                     July 20 and 21, 1989


                         1 - Residence/Origin

                               Manitowoc             Wisconsin              Out of State
                                  1                  1-Two Rivers                0
                                                     I -Menomonee Falls
                                                     1-Milwaukee
                                                     1-Hudson
                                                     '4

                         2 - Reason for visiting site

                             1 - To take a walk along the lake
                             I - Walking from museum to car
                             1 - Taking a mini-vacation
                             1 - Came to see lake and show it to sons
                             1 - I enjoy walking

                         3 - How often do you come here?

                             2 - First time
                             1 - 2nd time this year
                             1 - I come for events at the museum
                             1 - 5 days a week

                        -4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?

                             3 - Visiting museum
                             2 - Not applicable (lives nearby)

                         5 - Awareness of waterfront

                             3 - Followed path out of museum
                             1 - A friend told us about the Maritime Inn
                             1 - Live here

                         6 - Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                             1 - It's very lovely. Last week we were up in LaCrosse they have a
                                walkway like this. It's very nice.
                             1 - It's beautiful. I really like it.
                             1 - It's nice. I really like the way its all grassy and green. It's very neat
                                and clean.
                             1 - It's lovely. Really nice. They should have one in Milwaukee.
                             1 - It's fine. Very nice.

                         7 - Perception of walkway

                             1 - It was definitely worth the investment for the Maritime Inn.
                             1 - I'm happy to see this land used this way.
                             1 - It was well worth the investment.




                                                           31












                August 12 and 13 (Saturday and Sunday)





                During this visit we recorded a total of 14 hours of

                observation: six hours on Saturday and eight hours on

                Sunday. We scheduled this visit on these dates to observe

                the use of the waterfront walkway during a normal (non-

                holiday) weekend. As much as possible, as in the previous

                visits, we tried to schedule the observation on the segments

                of the walk at different times than previously. The

                information recorded was the following:.


                   Date           Total Hours     Total Users of the Walkway
                                   Observed         at Different S  egments

                Saturday August 12      6          261 (Inf. recorded at
                                                        Marina, Shelter and
                                                        Nature segments)

                Sunday August 13        8          374 (Inf. recorded at
                                                         all 4 segments)



                On Sunday, it seems, people are out enjoying the outdoors

                and using the walkway facilities. From the information

                recorded, an outstanding number of users were at the Shelter

                segment. From 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m., we recorded a total of

                212 users at that segment. Again, the activity that seems

                most attractive to the people is to walk back and forth on

                the breakwater situated here. The next most popular spot

                during the weekend (as in the previous site visits) was the

                Museum segment. The least popular site was again the Nature



                                            32











               segment. Precise information gathered during this weekend is

               presented in tables 6 and 7.


















































                                           33










                                                   Table Number 6

                                            Manitowoc -- August 12,1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals

                        Saturday, August 12  (Segment 4-Naturp)           8:30 - 10:30 am

                        Adults                                      Children
                        16 walking                          None

                                                                                TOTAL 16


                        Saturday, August 12 (Segment 3-Shelter)           11:45 - 1:45 prn

                        Adults                                      Children
                        70  going/coming from water           17  going/coming from water
                        12  walking                            4  walking
                         4  biking                            13  biking
                        14  picnic                             9  picnic
                         2  jogging
                         4  watching water                    43
                         1  reading in shelter

                        107

                                                                                TOTAL 150


                        Saturday, August 12 (Segment 2-Marina)            3:40 - 5:40 pm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        43  walking (beach area)              12 walking (beach area)
                        16  walking (past marina)              6 walking (past marina)
                         7  biking (past marina)               4 biking (past marina)
                         2  biking (beach area)
                         2  jogging (beach area)              22
                         3  jogging (past marina)

                        73

                                                                                TOTAL 95


                                           Saturday Total (6 hours) 261









                                                       34










                                                   Table Number 7

                                            Manitowoc -- August 13,1989

                                                   Two Hour Totals

                        Sunday, August 13   (Segment 1 -Museum)           10:30 - 12:30 pm

                        Adults                                      Children

                        59 walking                            22 walking
                          3 biking                              6 biking
                        62                                    2-8

                                                                                TOTAL 90


                        Sunday, August 13 (Segment 2-Marina)              12:35 - 2:35 pm**

                        Adults                                      Children
                        40 walking (beach area)                 1 walking (beach area)
                          7 walking (past marina)
                          1 biking (past marina)                1

                        48
                        "NOTE: it rained for 36 minutes of the two hours        TOTAL-49

                        Sunday, August 13 (Segment 3-Shelter)             4:00 - 6:00 Pm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        144 going/coming from water           32  going/coming from water
                        21  walking                             2 walking
                          6 biking                              4 playing by water
                          2 watching water from car
                          I jogging                           S8-

                        174

                                                                                TOTAL 212


                        Sunday, August 13 (Segment 4-Nature)              6:05 - 8:05 Vm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        13 walking                              1 walking
                          1 biking                              8 biking
                        14                                    -9

                                                                                TOTAL 23

                                            Sunday Total  (8 hours) 374

                                                       35












               Interviews with WalkwaV Users




               Thirteen interviews were conducted this weekend. Nine of the

               interviewees were people from Manitowoc, four were from

               other parts of Wisconsin and none were from out of State.



               It was very interesting to hear what the residents of

               Manitowoc had to say about the waterfront. It wasn't

               surprising to hear how the people feel about the

               redevelopment efforts taking place in Manitowoc. Most of the

               people had very favorable attitudes to all the waterfront

               redevelopment activities, especially those who were long

               time residents of the community and had experienced the

               transformation of the waterfront. Most of the residents

               expressed their desire to expand the waterfront walkway to

               other areas of the city. Detailed information on the

               interviewees, perceptions of the use of the walkways is

               described on the following pages.



















                                           36










                                       Manitowoc Interviews

                                       August 12 and 13,1989


                   1 - Residence/Origin

                        Manitowoc        Wisconsin         Out of State
                          9              1 -West Bend          0
                                         1-Madison
                                         1-Green Bay
                                         1 -Two Rivers


                   2 - Reason for visiting site

                       6 - Just out walking
                       1 - Sightseeing
                       1 - We were at a wedding here in Manitowoc yesterday. We stayed at
                         the Inn on the Maritime Bay.
                       1 - We ate breakfast at the hotel and decided to walk around.
                       1 - Not just for the exercise but also for a peace of mind.

                   3 - How often do you come here?

                       1 - First time
                       4 - 7 days a week
                       2 - (3-4) times a week
                       2 - 2 times a. week
                       1 - Once a week
                       1 - 1st time this year
                       1 - occasionally
                       1 - rarely

                   4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?

                      10 - Not applicable (live here)
                       1 - Going sightseeing
                       1 - See the Maritime Museum. We went biking in Door Co. yesterday.
                         We're going to a car show today.
                       1 - We went to a wedding

                   5 - Awareness of waterfront

                       9 - Live here
                       1 - I drive past it every day.
                       1 - My husband used to fish here.
                       1 - We're staying at the hotel.
                       1 - Some friends told us about the museum.











                                             37










                                                  Manitowoc Interviews

                                                 August 12 and 13,1989

                                                       (Continued)


                         6 - Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                             1 - It's nice. I like it.
                             I - It's nice.
                             1 - It's beautiful. They did a nice job.
                             1 - The wildflowers are very nice (nature segment). There are a lot of
                                burdocks that are taking over though. They should be gotten rid of.
                             1 - It could be longer. It should go all the way up along the lake.
                             1 - It's very nice. I want it to expand to have a path all the way to
                                Lincoln Park.
                             1- It's starting to look real nice.
                             1 - I want it. extended so I can run all the way down along the lake.
                             1- It's beautiful. I want it to go further.
                             1 - It looks good.
                             1 - It's really nice. It needs more lights. (The shelter segment doesn't
                                have lights).
                             1 - It's very nice.
                             1 - It's nice. I use it a lot. I start downtown and follow it out to Waldo
                                Blvd.

                         7 - Perception of walkway

                             1 - I think it's worthwhile. Two Rivers doesn't have anything like this. I
                                come here because of the water.
                             1 - Yes, I think it's worthwhile. They should have done this long ago.
                             1 - Yes, it's worthwhile. I think it makes a difference to me.
                             1 - I see a lot of joggers and people using it to go to the museum.
                             1 - It was definitely worth the money. It's too late in coming.
                             1 - Yes it was worth while. Otherwise people wouldn't come down here.
                             1 - It's very good forthe lakeshore. Yes, it makes a difference to us.
                             1 - Yes, it was worth it. People really use it a lot.
                             1 - It's well worth it. They could raise my taxes $20 a year and I'd still go
                                for it. I love it.
                             1 - It's beautiful. We see a lot of people walking out here. It's
                                beneficial.
                             1 - It used to be kind of shabby around here.
                             1 - I think it was worth it.
                             1 - I think it makes a difference. Some of the surrounding areas could
                                be fixed up a little. (Pointed to area across river from Museum)










                                                        38












               August 30 and 31 (Wednesday and Thursda  V)





               This wa s the last site visit to Manitowoc. To get a complete

               picture of the walkway's use, and to show how much use the

               walkway received during regular weekdays, we chose a

               Wednesday and Thursday.



               As much as possible, the times of the days when observation

               took place were scheduled differently from those of previous

               site visits. For example, since we had found that the most

               popular place along the walk during the afternoon hours had

               been the Shelter segment,, we decided to take a count at this

               site early in the morning.


               The information recorded was the following:

                    Date           Total Hours     Total Users of the Walkway
                                     Observed         at Different Segments

               Wednesday August 30      8             153 (Inf. recorded at
                                                         all 4 segments)

               Thursday August 31       5             128 (Inf. recorded at
                                                         Marina, Shelter and
                                                         Nature Segments)



               Not surprisingly, the most popular spot of the walk was

               again the Shelter segment. Recording at this site took place

               Wednesday from approximately 8:00 to 10:00 a.m., and

               Thursday from 11:50 to 1:50 p.m. The count of users at this

               site alone was 56 during the morning count, and 70 during



                                            39












               the noon count the next day. The other popular sites were

               the Museum and the Marina segments. Again, the least used
               segment of the walk'was the Nature area. More precise

               information is described in tables 8 and 9.


























































                                           40










                                                 Table Number 8

                                           Manitowoc -- August 30,1989

                                                 Two Hour Totals

                       Wednesday, August 30 (Segment 3-Shelter)         8:15 - 10:15 am

                       Adults                                      Children
                       26 going/coming from water            2 going/coming from water
                       15 walking                            5 biking
                        7 biking                             -
                        1 watching water                     7



                                                                              TOTAL 56


                       Wednesday, August 30 (Segment 1 -Museum)         1:00 - 3:00 pm

                       Adults                                      Children

                       29 walking                            3 walking
                        3 biking                             4 biking
                        3 sitting/watching water
                                                             7
                       35

                                                                              TOTAL 42


                       Wednesday, August 30 (Segment 2-Marina)          3:05 - 5:05 pm

                       Adults                                      Children
                       16 walking (beach area)               4 walking (beach area)
                        8 walking (past marina)              9 biking (past marina)
                        6  biking (past marina)
                        5  jogging (past marina)            T3-



                                                                              TOTAL 48


                       Wednesday, August 30 (Segment 4-Nature)         5:15 - 7:15 pm

                       Adults                                      Children
                        2 biking                             3 biking
                        1 jogging                            1 jogging

                        3                                    4


                                                                              TOTAL 7

                                        WednesdayTotal (8hours) 153

                                                     41










                                                  Table Number 9

                                            Manitowoc -- August 31, 1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals

                        Thursday, August 31 (Sg_qment 4-Nature)           7:45 - 8:45 am*

                        Adults                                      Children
                          5 walking                           2 biking
                          2 biking
                                                              2
                          7

                          One hour recording                                    TOTAL 9


                        Thursday, August 31 (Segment 2-Marina)            9:45 - 11:45 am

                        Adults                                      Children
                        14  walking (beach area)              1  walking (beach area)
                        11  walking (past marina)             I  walking (past marina)
                          7 biking (past marina)             11  biking (past marina)
                          1 biking (beach area)               1  biking (beach area)
                          1 jogging (past marina)
                                                             14
                        35

                                                                               TOTAL 49


                        Thursday, August 31 (Segment 3-Shelter)          11:50 - 1:50 pm

                        Adults                                      Children
                        12  going/coming from water           4 going/coming from water
                          7 walking                          11 biking
                          4 biking                            1 picnic
                          8 watching water
                        10  jogging                          16
                        10  picnic
                          2 playing frisbee w/dog in lake
                          1 sleeping

                        54

                                                                               TOTAL 70


                                           Thursday Total (5 hours) 128






                                                       42












                Interviews with Walkway Users





                Seven interviews were done during this site visit. All of

                the interviewees were from Wisconsin, four of them residents

                of Manitowoc. Almost half of the interviewees were at the

                site on vacation, which is interesting considering that

                interviews took place during a regular week, and that

                interviews were done randomly. This is very encouraging for

                the City; visitors from out of town are attracted to

                Manitowoc, bringing export revenues to the community.



                People's perceptions of the walkway were again very

                positive. Everyone interviewed was impressed with the

                improvements made in the community's waterfront.-Those

                residents of Manitowoc interviewed expressed their interest

                in having the walkway expanded to other areas of the City.



                Interesting information gathered from the interviews is

                described on the following pages.















                                            43










                                       Manitowoc Interviews

                                      August 30 and 31, 1989


                   1 - Residence/Origin

                        Manitowoc        Wisconsin         Out of State
                          4              1-Madison             0
                                         1-Green Bay
                                         1 -Bristol
                                         4

                   2 - Reason for visiting site

                      2 - For exercise.
                      1 - To walk my dog.
                      1 - I walk here for the scenery.
                      1 - I usually bike in the morning.
                      1 - To see the maritime museum. I used to be in the service and rode
                         submarines
                      I - I came here -for a relaxing lunch and nap.

                   3 - How often do you come here?

                      2 - First time
                      2 ,- 7 days a week
                      1 - 2 times a day
                      1 - (2-3) times a week
                      1 - (1-2) times a week

                   4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?

                      6 - Not applicable (live here)
                      1 - Go to the Maritime Museum. Farther up the coast there's a car
                         museum I want to see. My wife likes to stop and look at the antique
                         shops.

                   5 - Awareness of waterfront

                      2 - Live here
                      3 - I drive past it every day
                      2 - Just drove by it/came across accidentally.

                   6 - Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                      2 -1 like it.
                      I - It's great, excellent.
                      1 - It's good.
                      1 - I like it. It's a big improvement over how it used to look.
                      1 - I like it. They should add more things for kids and kill the bees and
                         seagulls. (Was trying to eat lunch with unwanted company of bees
                         and seagulls)
                      I - I like it. It's very neat and well kept up. It's not well advertised
                         though.




                                            44











                                                Manitowoc Interviews

                                               August 30 and 31, 1989

                                                    (Continued)


                       7 - Perception of walkway

                           I - I wish it were closer to my office but it's a good place to take a nap.
                           1 - I see a lot of other people using it. I think it makes a difference.
                           1 - It's easier walking out here.
                           1 - They should do this all the way down.
                           1 - Yes it makes a difference otherwise we would never come here to go
                               walking. They do keep it up ni ce even in winter. People do still use
                               it to walk in winter. They do a good job.
                           I - It's great as long as you don't have hay fever. It gives people a
                               chance to be down here and experience nature. It's valuable to
                               preserve areas like this. It's valuable to be able to see red wing
                               blackbirds and herons.
                           1 - It's great. I'm glad they've done this area like this. I hope they keep
                               going past here to Lincoln Zoo. That way the zoo would get more
                               attention. I've seen Sheboygan's walkway and it's nice but it's too
                               developed; they don't have the nature and the scenery that we have
                               here. They should do this in Two Rivers.






























                                                       45














                 Business Interviews






               During the site visits to Manitowoc, we conducted some

               interviews with business people in Manitowoc's downtown. We

               wanted to get an impression of their perceptions of the

               waterfront and its relation to their business activities. We

               randomly picked businesses in the downtown area which we

               thought would relate to our research question. We conducted

               interviews with the following types of stores: clothing,

               gift, antique, photography, restaurants, etc. In contrast,

               we excluded businesses we felt would not have much

               relationship with the waterfront improvements, for example,

               record stores, printing shops, car dealerships, dry cleaner

               shops, etc. The interviews were done during a weekday,

               usually early in the morning. At this time, owners or

               managers of the stores were at the businesses and were able

               to spare a few minutes for the interview.



               As in the case of the interviews we conducted with the users

               of the walkway, we tried as much as possible to have a

               structured interview, always aiming at getting information

               about the impact of the waterfronts on the businesses.



               Because of the nature of the interviews, not -all of the

               people provided exactly the same information. While some of

               the interviewees'spoke specifically about the main topic,


                                           46














               others talked about other matters as well. The summaries of

              -the interviews show the difference in information gathered.



               Interviews were conducted with the following types of

               businesses:


               1. Photography
               2. Pharmacies.
               3. Antique, Books and Collectible Shops.
               4. Clothing and Shoe Stores.
               5. Department Stores.
               6. Florist Shops.
               7. Restaurants.



               From each of the interviews we tried to obtain the following

               informations

               1. If the business was seasonal or year round.
               2. opinion of the waterfront redevelopment, specifically the
                  waterfront walkway.
               3. If the waterfront redevelopment has a noticeable impact
               on
                  the business.



               In general, we found that people felt that the waterfront

               improvements are very important and positive to the

               community. Most of the people felt that the waterfront

               improvements did have a positive impact on their business.



               On the following page the reader will find the most relevant

               issues discussed during the interviews. We included some of

               the expressions the people used, specifically when talking

               about their opinion of the waterfront and its impact on

               their business.







                                            47









                                          Manitowoc July and August, 1989

                                                 Business Interviews


                        1 - Is your business seasonal or year round?

                            2 - The summer is busier.
                            1 - It is seasonal, we are closed until April of this year.
                            6 - Year round.

                        2 - Opinion of the waterfront (specifically of the waterfront walkway)

                            1 - It looks nice. It makes the city look nicer.
                            1 - It's nice, I like it. There could be more garbage cans around it. I like
                               to look at the submarine.
                            1 - It looks a lot nicer than before.
                            I - It is nice. I live in the Cleveland neighborhood area. It has improved
                               the whole area. I like to walk at night with my family.
                            1 - It needs work yet. It is not a'walkway, a walkway should be made of
                               bricks and have a lot of shrubs.
                            I - The walkway looks great. Tourists comment on what a lovely town
                               this is. People from Sheboygan come up to visit because they don't
                               have anything down there.
                            1 - The lake is beautiful, we need to show it off.

                        3 - Does waterfront development have a noticeable impact on the
                           business?

                            1 - It's great. It has an effect in downtown. Anything for the downtown
                               is good. The new developments along the lake are nice and the
                               walkway brings it all together.
                            I - It makes a difference for sure.
                            2 - No.
                            I - It's the best thing that has happened to Manitowoc. I'm so happy it
                               occurred that is unbelievable! It's fantastic. As a merchant, I like to
                               see a number of people using it. It's the basis for all future
                               development.
                            1 - This town is really dying. It needs something like this. I think it
                               makes a good impression on tourists. During Riverwalk Days it's
                               really busy down here.
                            1 - I can't really tell. . It's only my second season.
                            I - Seems to help some. It probably brings more people here.













                                                       48














               Summary





               The information gathered from the field research in

               Manitowoc is interesting. Two elements of the study  in

               Manitowoc can be put into perspective: 1) people's

               perceptions about the waterfront development efforts, and

               2) the amount of use the waterfront walkway receives.





               1) People's perceptions of the waterfront redevelopment.-



                  -Visitors and residents alike stated that the waterfront-

                   redevelopment efforts are an asset to the community.



                  -Visitors are extremely impressed with'the waterfront

                   facilities in-the community, as they felt that these are

                   major attractions and a reason for their continuing

                   visits to Manitowoc.



                  -Long-time residents of the city expressed a special

                   interest in the waterfront development. They have

                   witnessed the transformation of the waterfront from

                   an old, semi-abandoned commercial/industrial site, to

                   the focal point in the community for tourists.




                                            49












                  -Other residents of the community supported expansion of

                   the waterfront redevelopment efforts to other areas of

                   the city.



                  -Merchants of the area feel that the waterfront

                   redevelopment efforts are an attraction for the

                   community.which may bring additional potential buyers to

                   the city.





                2) Use of the waterfront walkway.



                In general, not all sections of the walk received the same

                use. Different attractions enticed people to a particular

                site. The area farthest from the major attractions of the

                community (the Nature Segment) was the least used segment.

                In contrast, the most used areas of the walk are where the

                tourist attractions are and at the lakefront park. This

                lakefront park was especially attractive because of the old

                breakwater located there, which people particularly seem to

                enjoy.



                As mentioned in the introduction, we can not use the

                information gathered to estimate the use each section of the

                walkway typically receives. However, to give the reader some

                idea of the use the walkway sections received during.our

                entire research, we have provided below information on the



                                           50











               total number of people counted at each section and the

               amount of time of observation.




               The information can be summarized below:




               1. Shelter section: 1,373 people in 16 hours of observation.

               2. Museum section: 750 people in 12 hours of observation.

               3. Marina section: 534 people in 16 hours of observation.

               4. Nature section: 111 people in 14 hours of observation.



               The summary information above and data on individual

               sections are shown on the following graphs. Data on

               individual sections shows the amount of people using that

               segment by date and time of day.



























                                           51













                                                     M c3n!iowoc
                                                        (AN Scoicns)


                                      Peopb Using TIho Walkway

                             1600 -


                             1400 -



                             1200-


                                     .................................................
                             1000 -**.

                                      ................................................
                              Boo-'.

                                             . ...........  ..........
                              600-


                                                  ..................
                              400 -



                              200  -

                                 0-      A                         c            D



                    Section of the                     Total Hours            People Using the
                         Walkway                         Observed                   Walkway

                    A - Marina                               16                         534

                    B - Nature                               14                         ill

                    C - Museum                               12                         750

                    D - Shelter                              16                       1373








                                                             .52






                                      Manffo* w0c
                                       (Nuiure Section)


                         peopie using nie wci&wciy




                          ......... .......................  ...........................
                      30-



                      25



                         .......... .....................  ....................
                      20 -*



                                     ...........      ....................





                                                      .....................










                           A     B    c     D    E     F     G

                                   Date a nd TI me of Day


              Peonle UsincT the               Date and Time of Day
                  Walkway
                    12                A - Monday July 3, 3:30-5:30 pm
                    33                B - Tuesday July 4, 9:00-11:00 am
                    11                C   Thursday July 20, 3:45-5:45 pm
                    16                D   Saturday August 12, 8:130-10:30 am
                    23                E   Sunday August 13, 6:05-8:05 pm
                     7                F   Wednes day August-30, 5:15-7:15 pm
                     9                G   Thursday August 31, 7:45-8:45 am








                                              53









                                        ManHowoc
                                         (Shelter Section)


                           Peopb Using The Walkway
                      350-1



                      .300 -



                                ......... ...........................................
                      250



                      200



                      ISO-



                      100-



                      50-



                       0
                            A    6    c    D
                                    Dote and  Time of Day





            People Using the                  Date and Time of the Day
               Walkway

                 265                    A - Sunday July 2, 12:40-2:40 pm

                 192                    B - Monday July 3, 10:00-12:00 am

                 304                    C - Tuesday July 4. 2:00-4:00 pm

                   94                   D - Thursday July 20, 6:00-8:00 pm

                 100                    E - Friday July 21, 11:00-1:00 pm

                 150                    F - Saturday August 12, 11:45-1:45 pm

                 212                    G - Sunday August 13, 4:00-6:00 pm

                   51                   H - Wednesday August 30, 8:15-10:15 am




                                                54








                                     Manitowoc
                                       (Madna Secian)


                         Peopb Using The Wcikwczv
                     120




                     100




                                    ................. ..........................






                                    ................. ..........................






                      40-




                       20



                        0                       10
                                     C            F    G    H

                                  Date and Time of Day


              Peoy3le Using the             Pate and Time of Day
                  Walkway

                   72                A - Monday July 3, 12:30-2:30 pm
                   115               B - Tuesday July 4, 11:15-1:15 pm
                   56                C - Thursday July20, 1:15-3:15 pm
                   50                D - Friday July 21, 8.:00-10:00 am
                   95                E - Saturday August 12, 3:40-5:40 pm
                   49                F - Sunday August 13, 12:35-2:35 pm
                   48                G - Wednesday August 30, 3:05-5:05 pm
                   49                H - Thursday August 31, 9:45-11:45 pm





                                            55







                                     Manitowoc
                                      (Museum SOCHOn)


                         PoWle Using Me Wc&way
                     250 -





                              .......................... .......................
                     200





                               ........................ .......................
                     150





                     I CO





                                                        ............
                      50





                       0
                                 B     C     D       E    F

                                 Date and Time of Day


                People Using the             Date and Time of-Day
                   Walkway

                   183                A - Sunday July @, 3:30-5:30 pm
                     65               B - Monday  July 3, 6:15-8:15 pm
                   133                C - Thursday July 20, 10:00-12:00 am
                   237                D - Friday July @1, 1:05-3:05 pm
                   90.                E - Sunday August 13, 10:30-12:30 pm
                    42                F - Wednesday August 30, 1:00-3:00 pm









                                            56














                SHEBOYGAN




                Sheboygan's waterfront walkwa y is about 2500 feet long. The

                walkway runs along the Sheboygan river. It starts at the

                east side of Eighth Street and terminates at a shelter at

                the end of the waterfront park (Rotary Park). The walkway

                runs all along the newly remodeled waterfront shops, along

                where the charter sport and commercial fishing   boats are

                anchored, goes along the Four Torches restaurant, and along

                a waterfront park.



                During the field research, one portion of the walkway was

                still under construction. This portion is about 550 feet

                long, and goes from the west end of the newly remodeled

                shops to where  the walkway meets Eighth Street.



                For our study, we divided Sheboygan's   walkway into three

                segments.



                Segment Number 1 (Shops Section)



                This section of the walk is about 700 feet long. It runs

                from where the new walkway section was constructed this

                summer (the end of the shops to the west) to the end of

                where the charter sport fishing boats are anchored.






                                              57
















               Segment Number 2 (Commercial Fishing Section)



               This section is a stretch of about 600 feet which goes from

               two commercial fishing shops to the Four Torches Restaurant.

               This section of the walk includes the area where the

               commercial fishing boats are anchored.



               Segment Number 3 (Park Section)



               This portion of the walkway runs from theFour Torches

               Restaurant to the end of the waterfront park. This stretch

               of the walkway is about 600 feet long and it runs all along

               Rotary Park and ends at a shelter overlooking the water.


























                                           58















           ..........
           . ........

           .. .......            ..
                                                            Stores
           ...........                     ..........
                                                                                Sheboygan
           . .........
                                                          Stores


           ...... ..          . . . . .


                         .... . ...... .
                         ...... ......









           .... ..        ............. .......


                                                          Shop
           .............  ...............
                         . ...........
           . .... . ...... . . . .
                         ... ......
                            ............. . ...
                                                              Shop

                                        . ..........
                                       .............
                                        .. .........
                                          . . . . . . . . . . .               '--.,,Parldng

                         ..... ......



                                              ...........
                                                            Shop


                                       .... .......







               ... .....
                                         ............. ..
                   ..........
                                    . ... ........
                                                          Restaurant
           . . .. ...... ...

                           ....             . ........
                         ........ ..



           ..........



           ............







                            ... .........
                           .... .. ..........

                                              Rotary
                                              Park
           ........         ...




           ..........
           .......       . . . . . .
                                                                                          Shelter         b,
                                                                                                        0
                                                                                                      IOV
                         helter


           ........... ........

           ..................... .
           .. .................. . .

           .....................
           ........... .......
           ............................
           .....................
           ............................
           ........................
           .........................

           ................. .....
           ... .............


                                                                         59











                Three site visits were scheduled to the City of Sheboygan:

                one on a regular weekend and one on two normal weekdays,

                with the last site visit scheduled for Labor Day weekend.


                The site visits in Sheboygan were the following:

                                    Saturday   July 15
                                    Sunday     July 16

                                    Wedne sday July 26
                                    Thursday   July 27

                                    Saturday   September 2
                                    Sunday     September 3 (holiday
                                    Monday     September 4    weekend)


                Observation at all segments    of the walkway was done randomly

                at different times of the day. Two hour count periods were

                recorded at any given time, trying to alternate the times of

                the days at each of the walkway segments.







                  July 15 and 16 (SaturdaV'and Sunday)



                Ten hours of observation were recorded during this weekend,

                four hours on Saturday and six hours on Sunday. The

                information recorded during this weekendwas the following:

                      Date         Total Hours      Total Users of the Walkway
                                    Observed          at Different Segments


                Saturday July 15       4              718 (Inf. .recorded
                                                           at segments 2 and 3)

                Sunday July 16         6             1173  (Inf. recorded
                                                           at all 3 segments)


                                               60














               Counts on both days showed an outstanding amount of people

               using the waterfront walkway. On these two days we had the

               largest count ever in our research, even though we recorded

               two more hours of observation on Sunday than on Saturday.

               From the information gathered, we observed that in general

               all of the segments of the walk were heavily used,

               particularly the segment of the shops and the one next to

               it, which we denominated the commercial fishing section.

               Information about the activities of the people using the

               walk during the recording times and other interesting

               information is found in tables 10 and 11.








































                                            61










                                                  Table Number 10

                                              Sheboygan July 15, 1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals


                 Saturday, July 15 (segment 3 - Park Area)                       1:00 - 3:00 Pm

                             Adults                                Children
                         146  walking                            44 walking
                           1  biking                             16 biking
                           7  picnic                              5 skateboarding
                           7  watching boats
                           1  jogging                            65
                           1  reading
                           1  taking pictures
                         164                                                     TOTAL 229


                 Saturday, July 15 (Segment 2 - Comm. Fishing)                   4:00 - 6:00 pm

                             Adults                                Children.
                         410 walking                             69 walking
                           6  sitting on bench                    2 jogging
                           1  biking
                           1  taking pictures                    71
                         489                                                     TOTAL 489

                                            Saturday Total (4 hours) 718





















                                                       62










                                                  Table Number 11

                                              Sheboygan July 16,1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals


                 Sunday, July 16 (Segment 2 - Comm. Fishing)                     10:00 - 12:00 am

                              Adults                                Children
                        235   walking                            32 walking
                           3  biking                              2 biking
                           3  watching boat
                           4  jogging                            34
                        245                                                      TOTAL 279


                 Sunday, July 16 (Seament 1 - Sho2s)                             12:30 - 2:30 Rm

                              Adults                                Children,
                        433 walking                              72 walking
                                                                  4 biking
                        433
                                                                 76
                                                                                 TOTAL    .509


                 Sunday, July 16 (Segment 3 - Park Area)                         2:45 - 4:45 Pm

                              Adults                                Children
                        318   walking                            45 walking
                           4  watching boats                     12 biking
                           4  picnic
                           2  biking                             57
                        328                                                      TOTAL 385

                                            Sunday Total (6 hours) 1173














                                                       63













                Interviews with Walkway Users



                About nine interviews.with walkway users were conducted

                during this weekend. Interviews were conducted on a random

                basis. Many of these interviews were conducted with people

                that were walking in pairs or in small groups, or as a

                family. Because of this, even if we conducted one interview

                with the group, we someti mes recorded more than one response

                on a particular issue. Also, as mentioned before, these were

                structured interviews; interviewees, however, sometimes did

                not address the particular issue that we asked in our guided

                conversation.



                We tried to obtain consistent information, similar to that

                we obtained in Manitowoc's interviews:

                1. Origin of the interviewee or permanent residence.
                2. Main reason for visiting the site.
                3. How often the interviewee visited the community.
                4. If the interviewee was a.tourist, what else he, she
                   or they would do while staying in the area.
                5. Awareness of the waterfront.
                6. Interviewee's opinion of the waterfront.
                7. Perceptions of the walkway.


                Of those interviewed on this weekend,'four people were   from

                Sheboygan, four were from within the State and one was from

                Nebraska.*



                All of.the people interviewed expressedhow impressed they

                were with the waterfront. Those people who were long time

                residents of Sheboygan and who had experienced the



                                            64













               transformation of the waterfront, expre ssed how different

               the site looked. People felt that any improvements done to

               the waterfront were definitely worth the investment.



               The information on the following pages presents people's

               comments on the main issues discussed during the interviews.

               We tried to keep some of the comments in the interviewees,

               own words.



















































                                             65









                                      Sheboygan Interviews

                                      July 15 and 16,1989


             1 - Residence/Origin
                    Sheboygan         Wisconsin       Out of State
                        4             1-Kohler        1 -Nebraska
                                      I-Plymouth
                                      1-Madison
                                      1 -Beaver Dam



             2 - Reason for visiting site
                    7 -To walk
                    3 - Own commercial fishing boat
                    1 - I came here for a pleasant afternoon


             3 - How often do you come here?
                    3 - First time
                    2 - Seven days a week
                    1 - (2-3) times a week
                    I - Once a week
                    2 - I time per month
                    2 - (3-4) times per year


             4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?
                    8 - Not applicable (live here)
                    1 - Visit Kohler Andre State Park
                    1 - Go fishing
                    1 - Visit relatives



             5 - Awareness of waterfront
                    6 - Live here (or near)
                    2 - Watched development in local papers
                    1 - Motel told us about
                    1 - Were driving through area
                    1 - Relatives live here


             6 - Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)
                    7 - It's nice
                    1 - Great. I love it'
                    1 - It's all right as long as I don't have to pay the taxes on it.
                    1 - It's a mass improvement. I get a lot of compliments from customers
                     (owner of fishing charter)
                    1 - It's beautiful. I really like it. They did a super job.



                                          66










                 7 - Perception of walkway
                          1 - Nature is a high interest to me. This development seems to pinpoint
                             the natural aspects of the site.
                          1 - It's well worth the investment. It's the only exciting thing in this town
                             (out of state visitor)'.
                          1 - This area was real shabby-looking before. It was worth the
                             investment, but we need a big marina.
                          I - It's better than it used to be.
                          1 - It's a good idea. They should add on to it.
                          1 - Definitely an improvement over what it used to be, but they.don't let us
                             fish over here anymore. This side is where all the fish are.
                          I - It was absolutely worth the investment.
                          I - Sheboygan needs to do something like this to stay competitive. It was
                             a good idea.







































                                                        67












               July 26 and 27 (Wednesday and Thursday)





               The next site visit to the City of Sheboygan took   place on

               regular weekdays in the middle of the summer. For    recording

               observation during this site visit, we chose different times

               of the days at different segments of the walkway than on our

               first visit. Twelve hours of observation were recorded on

               this visit. Six hours were recorded on Wednesday and six
               hours on Thursday. The information obtained was the

               following:

                   Date           Total Hours    Total Users of the Walkway
                                   Observed        at Different Segments


               Wednesday July 26      6               739 (Inf. recorded at
                                                           all 3 segments)

               -Thursday July 27      6                364 (Inf. recorded at
                                                           all 3 segments)


               Considering that the recording took place   on a normal

               weekday, the counts recorded show how heavily used this

               walkway is.



               Undoubtedly, during this site visit, the most used areas of

               Sheboygan's waterfront walkway were the shops and commercial

               fishing segments. About 85% of the total users recorded

               during these two days were at these segments. It appears

               that mostof the people just enjoy taking leisurely walks

               along the waterfront walkway and visiting the stores.



                                            68












               Information on the times of day and-precise activities of

               the people Using the walkway are shown in tables 12 and 13.















































                                           69








                                                 Table Number'12

                                             Sheboygan July 26,1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals


                Wednesday, July 26 (Segment 1 - Shops)                           10:30 - 12:30 2m

                             Adults                                Children
                        212 walking                              80 walking
                          2 biking                                3 biking
                        214                                      83              TOTAL 297


                Wednesday, July 26 (Segment 3 - Park Area)                       1:30 - 3:30 Rm

                             Adults                                Children
                         39  walking                              7 walking
                          5  biking                               5 jogging
                          3  watching water
                          5  jogging                             12
                          3  picnic
                          1  landscaping.

                         56
                                                                                 TOTAL 68



                Wednesday, July 26 (Segment 2 - Comm. Fishing)                   6:15 - 8:15 pm

                             Adults                                Children
                        299 walking                              67 walking
                          1  biking                               6  biking
                          1  watching boats
                                                                 73
                        301                                                      TOTAL 374


                                          Wednesday Total (6 hours) 739











                                                       70










                                                Table Number 13

                                            Sheboygan July 27,1989

                                                Two Hour Totals


                Thursday, July 27 (segment 3 - Park Area)                    10:15 - 12:15 Rm

                            Adults                              Children
                        59  walking                           23 walking
                         3  biking                             8 biking
                         4  watching water
                         2  jogging                           31
                         3  picnic
                         1  mowing lawn
                        72                                                   TOTAL 103


                Thursday, July 27 (Segment 2 - Comm. Fishing)                2:00 - 4:00 Rm

                            Adults                              Children
                        126 walking                           29 walking
                         2  biking                             9 biking
                         4  -watching boats
                        -                                     38
                        132                                                  TOTAL    170


                Thursday, July 27 (Segment 1 - Shops)                        4:15 - 6:15-pm

                            Adults                              Children
                        78 walking                             7 walking
                         2 jogging                             4 jogging

                        80                                    11
                                                                             TOTAL 91



                                         Thursday Total (6 hours) 364












                                                    71













               Interviews with Walkway Users





               We conducted about 11 interviews during this site visit.

               Four of the people interviewed were from out of State, five

               were residents of Sheboygan and two were residents of other

               parts of Wisconsin.



               A wide variety of opinions about the waterfront were

               expressed during the interviews. From the comments we

               received, we found in general that most of the people are

               very impressed with the improvements to the waterfront.

               Residents of the area felt that improvements were an asset

               to the community in attracting visitors. As in the case of

               Manitowoc, long time residents of the area commented about

               the dramatic change the waterfront has experienced. From

               being old, worn-down and probably the most unpleasant site

               in town, the waterfront became one of the City's most

               attractive areas. Other people expressed the necessity of

               expanding the facilities and providing for more attractions

               in the area. Detailed information about interviewees,

               comments regarding the facilities is shown on the following

               pages.













                                            72









                                             Sheboygan Interviews

                                             July 26 and 27,1989


                    Residence/Origin
                        Sheboygan            Wisconsin           Out of State
                            5                1-Sheboygan Falls   I -Florida
                                             1-Viel              1-Chicago, IL
                                                                 1-Marshall, IA
                                                                 1-Rockford, IL
                                                                 4


                2 - Reason for visiting site
                        4 - To look at boats
                        1 - To get some sun and relax
                        1 - For the view
                        1 - Meeting a friend,
                        1 - I used to live here. I'm going to visit the lake.
                        1 - Taking an evening walk. I do a mile every night for exercise.
                        1 - Ate at restaurant (Four Torches) and decided to take a walk.
                        1 - Visiting shops with friends

                3 - How often do you come here?
                        1 - First time
                        1 - Seven days a week
                        1 - Two times a week
                        1 - Once a week
                        2 - (3-4) times per year
                        1 - (40-50) times a summer
                        1 - Once a month
                        1 - Once every two weeks
                        1 - Once every three weeks
                        1 - Every once in a while. I don't have a lot of time.


                4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?
                        6 - Not applicable (live here)
                        2 - Visit lake
                        1 - Working at a summer camp, visiting shops.
                        1 - Eat at restaurant
                        1 - Visit Door Co.



                5 - Awareness of waterfront
                        6 - Live here
                        1 - Used to live here
                        1 - I've been coming here for years
                        1 - Coming down from Door County
                        1 - Came along with friends
                        1 - Come boating here



                                                   73










                 6 - Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)
                          4 - Nice
                          1 - It's beautiful. There are a lot of nice shops and restaurants.
                          1 - They're really doing a superb job. This used to be a rough part of
                             town.
                          1 - I like it. It's beautiful. I like everything about it.
                          1 - It's beautiful but we need to keep the skateboards and bikes off.
                             They're really hazardous for the people walking down here, especially
                             the elderly.
                          1 - It's great, beautiful. It's the best thing for Sheboygan. Now we can
                             bring visitors here.
                          1 - It's a nice walkway but you need more to do. There should be some
                             entertainment or recreation. There's nothing down here.
                          1 - It's alright. It's an improvement. It used to be a factory and a rotting
                             dock down here. It wasn't safe to walk on.


                 7 - Perception of walkway
                          2 - I think it was worthwhile.
                          1 - It was a pretty expensive thing. It's nice though.
                          1 - Yes, it makes a difference. I come down here more and I think it
                             attracts tourists. It used to be trees where this park is.
                          1 - It was worth every penny.
                          1- I like the rustic look of the buildings but the prices are high because of
                             the tourists.
                          1 - It's an improvement but I don't approve of development on the other
                             side. It would take down our house.
                          1 - I just moved here a year ago and I've heard horror stories of how it
                             used to be. They should develop the coal area across the river.
                          1 - It's better than it used to be.
                          1 - They ought to tear down old buildings and make the water more
                             accessible and keep the hotels back. For the f uture that's what you
                             need--to keep the water open. Chicago's waterfront is wonderful.




















                                                        74












                 September 2, 3 and 4 (Labor Day weekend)



                 As in the case of Manitowoc, we wanted to gather information

                 about the use of walkways on a busy weekend. We recorded 16

                 hours of obse rvation during this holiday weekend. Six hours

                 were recorded on,Saturday, six hours on Sunday and four

                 hours on Monday. As expected on a holiday weekend, we

                 recorded a very high count of people using the walkway. The

                 information obtained is summarized below:


                     Date         Total Hours        Total Users of the Walkway
                                   Observed            at Different Segments

                 Saturday  Sep.  2    6                  1081 (Inf. re  corded at
                                                               all 3 segments)

                 Sunday Sep. 3         6                   903 (Inf. recorded    at
                                                               all 3 segments)

                 Monday Sep.4         4                   338  (Inf. recorded at
                                                               segments 1 and    2)



                 The highest counts logged were at the shops and commercial

                 fishing segments. A record number of 532 people were

                 recorded from 2:45 to 4:4S pm on Saturday afternoon at the

                 shops segment. over 400 people were registered that same day

                 from 5:45 to 7:45 p.m. at the commercial shipping segment.



                 The small variance of the use    of the walkways between

                 Saturday and Sunday can be explained because of the times of

                 day when the information was recorded. For example, 532





                                                  75













               people were recorded at the shops segments on a Saturday

               afternoon; we later recorded 337 users on Sunday morning.

               it is important to note that during this weekend, we

               recorded five users who were in wheelchairs.




               More pr ecise information about the activities of the users

               of the walkway is found'in tables .14, 15 and 16.









































                                             76










                                                 Table Number 14

                                          Sheboygan September 2, 1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals


                 Saturday, September 2 (Segment 3 - Parks)                      12:15 - 2:15 pm

                             Adults                                Children
                        100  walking                            22 walking
                          2  wheelchair                            9 biking
                          6  watching water                        2 skateboarding
                          3  jogging
                                                                33

                                                                                TOTAL 144



                Saturday, September 2 (Segment I - Shops)                       2:45 - 4:45 pm

                            Adults                                 Children
                        456 walking                             69 walking
                          2 biking                                 4 biking
                          I jogging
                                                                73
                        459                                                     TOTAL 532


                Saturday, September 2 (Segment.2 - Comm. Fishing)               5:45 - 7:45 Prn

                            Adults                                 Children
                        321  walking                            72 walking
                          2  biking                                5 biking
                          1  watching water                        4 skateboarding
                        324                                     81              TOTAL 405


                                          Saturday Total .(6 hours) 1081













                                                       .77










                                                Table Number 15

                                         Sheboygan September 3,1989

                                                Two Hour Totals


                Sunday, September 3 (Segment 1 - Shops)                       10:40 - 12:40 pm

                            Adults                               Children
                        290 walking                            39 walking
                          2 wheelchair                             biking
                          2  watching water
                          3  jogging                           40
                        297                                                   TOTAL 337


                Sunday, September 3 (Segment 2 - Comm. Fishing)               12:55 - 2:55 pm

                            Adults                               Children.
                        255 walking                            65 walking
                          1 biking                              1 wheelchair
                          I watching water
                                                               66
                        257                                                   TOTAL 323


                Sunday, September 3 (Segment 3 - Park)                        3:05 - 5:05 RM

                            Adults                               Children
                        185 walking                            42- walking
                          2 picnic                             8 biking
                                                               6 skateboarding
                        187                                    56             TOTAL 243

                                           Sunday Total (6 hours) 903












                                                     78










                                               Table Number 16

                                        Sheboygan September 4,1989

                                               Two Hour Totals


                Monday, September 4 (Segment 1 - Shops)                     8:50 - 10:50 am

                           Adults                              Children
                       103 walking                            9 walking
                         3 biking
                         3 jogging                            9
                       109                                                  TOTAL 118


                Monday, September 4 (Segment 2 - Comm. Fish)                11:30 - 1:30 pm

                           Adults                              Children,
                       200 walking                           17 walking
                         1  wheelchair                        1 biking
                         1   jogging
                                                              is
                       202                                                  TOTAL 220'


                       *NOTE: At 1:08 started to rain


                                         Monday Total (4 hours) 238





















                                                   79












               Interviews with Walkway Users



               During this weekend, we randomly conducted a total of 20

               interviews. Of the people we talked to, 10 were from

               Sheboygan, 8 from other parts of Wisconsin and 2 from out of

               State.




               We recorded a wide variety of comments regarding the

               waterfront. People in general had a very positive perception

               of the improvements to the waterfront. Some people commented

               that.they thought the facilities should be expanded to other

               parts of the City. In general we found that the waterfront

               was a major attraction for the people, sincethey enjoy

               being close to the water.,Some people expressed their

               interest in improving the waterfront as a-means of promoting

               tourism development in the location. Interestingly, five (or

               25%) of the people we talked to were first time visitors to

               the ar ea.




               De tailed information gathered from the interviewees in their

               own words is found on the following pages.













                                            80









                                              Sheboygan Interviews

                                              September 2 - 4, 1989


                1   Residence/Origin

                        Sheboygan             Wisconsin            Out of State
                             10               3-Madison            I -New York
                                              1-Milwaukee          1 -Chicago, IL
                                              1 -Watertown
                                              I -Ft. McCoy
                                              1 -Whitewater
                                              1-Oshkosh


                2 - Main reason for visiting the site.
                        5 - Just out walking
                        2 - Exercise
                        1 - We went riding around and came to see what's down here.
                        1 - We came to see it after reading an article about it in the paper.
                        1 - We're stuck here because of the weather (boaters), but I selected here
                           because of the walkway. I knew there were some nice shops and
                           restaurants here.
                        1 - To see the boats.
                        1 - We're enjoying the weather, water and walking.
                        1 - I'm visiting my aunt.
                        1 - We're walking with our son. We come here a lot.
                        1 - We came here with our son. He lives in Sheboygan.
                        1 - We're out for a ride and decided to stop here.
                        1 - I own two charter fishing boats here.
                        1 - We're but "touristing"
                        1 - We ate breakfast at the restaurant down here.
                        1 - It's a nice place down here. It's a good place to bring Mom (elderly
                           woman in wheelchair).


                3'- How often do you come here?

                        5 - First time
                        2 - 7 days/week
                        2 - 2 days/week
                        1 - 3-4 days/week
                        1 - once/week
                        2 - once/month
                        2 - 2/3 times/year
                        2 - once/year
                        1 - 3-4 times/summer
                        1 - second time
                        1 - third time








                                                     81









                  4 - If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area.)
                            11 - Not applicable (live here)
                            4 - Go boating, shopping, eat
                            1 - Go to the American Club in Kohler, fishing
                            1 - Sightsee, visit, see Kohler
                            1 - Go to Terry Andre State Park, anywhere there's beaches
                            1 - Visiting my son
                            1 - Going to Manitowoc and up along coast


                  5 - Awareness of waterfront

                            8 - Live here
                            1 - I have two boats here.
                            1 - I walk with my son and last year when it was hot I just came down
                               here.
                            1 - We've been coming to Voyager's Quay for about two years.
                            1 - I came here during a storm once last summer.
                            1 - I've been here to Sheboygan before.
                            1 - Friends from Door County told me about it.
                            1 - We saw an article about it in the Milwaukee Journal.
                            1 - I've read about the development over the years.
                            1- I stayed at the Harbor Inn about five years ago and came out here for
                            .  a walk and I've been coming back ever since.
                            1 - I have a friend who lives on the beach down here and owns an art
                               gallery.
                            1 - Our son lives here.
                            1 - We stumbled onto it when we were driving by.


                  6- Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)
                            6 - It's very nice.
                            1 - This is excellent.
                            1- It's nice. It has a lot more potential.
                            1 - I like it. It's pretty. That's why I come back.
                            1 - I love it!
                            1- I like it but I heard it's not standing up, that the boards will have to be
                               replaced.
                            1 - I like it. I wish it was bigger; there should be more boats.
                            2 - It's great!
                            1 - I like it.
                            1 - We love it. They should keep it going out, out, out. We go up and
                               back a few times to get enough walking in. I think it's great. The more
                               development they do here by the lake therriore I like it.
                            1 - It's great. We walked all the way down here. We live on 8th St. and
                               Ontario. We're lucky we made it down here. I'm not sure if we'll get
                               home.
                            1 - I love it. It's wonderful. It's the nicest place in this city. I come here in
                               the winter, too. Tell the government they should extend it all the way
                               down. It's too bad more people don't take advantage of it.
                            1 - I think it's great for Sheboygan. It should be expanded on.- Expansion
                               is not only great for Sheboygan, it's also great for me (commercial
                               fishing boat owner). They go hand in hand.
                            1 - The change looks nice but I liked the old buildings too.


                                                           82










                 7 - Perception of walkway
                         1 - It doesn't make a difference to me. I liked it both ways.
                         1 - It's one of the best things happening in Sheboygan.
                         1 - I think it will bring tourists here. I'm from a military base and I plan on
                            bringing friends here and rent a boat. It's as close to the water as
                            you're going to get. It's going to make the city a lot of money -
                            eventually.
                         1 - For younger people it's great. I wish they'd do something on 8th
                            Avenue. We need a small grocery store downtown. There are a lot of
                            older people who could use it.
                         1 - I love it.
                         1 - Yes, absolutely, it was worth the investment. Racine has experienced
                            a "renaissance" economically because of their development. I think as,
                            it expands it will attract more of the boating public and will be able to
                            accommodate them. They have disposable income to spend here in
                            town and I think it will be good for the communit"y.
                         1 - It's nice. It's the best thing they've done. I really like it.
                         1 - It's beautiful now. We know how it looked down here before. It's
                            really beautiful now.
                         3 - Yes, it makes a difference. I think it's worthwhile.
                         1 - This is great!
                         1 - I think it was worth it.
                         1 - It's nice.
                         1 - I think it's the only thing Sheboygan has going for it.
                         1 - Otherwise I wouldn't be down here. I think it's a good investment.
                            Our downtown doesn't have anything anymore.
                         1 - It doesn't matter to me personally but I like it.
                         1 - Yes, it makes a difference. Any time they can improve something old
                            it's a good thing.
                         1 - I think it's worthwhile. We need to protect our waterways and this is
                            a good way to do it.























                                                       83














               Business Interviews






               To obtain information on how businesses perceive the

               waterfront redevelopment efforts in the community, we

               conducted eight random interviews with merchants of the

               area. Interviews took place during weekdays when most owners

               or managers of the stores were willing to spend some ti me

               talking to us. We chose stores that were adjacent to or in

               the vicinity of the waterfront improvements. In general, we

               followed the same interview approach we used in Manitowoc.

               That is, we structured the interview to obtain certaintypes

               of information, such as opinion-of the waterfront

               redevelopment efforts, impact of'the waterfront on their

               business, etc.



               Interviews were conducted with the following types of

               businesses:

               1. Clothing Stores
               2. Gift Stores
               3. Food Stores
               4. Restaurants
               5. Sport Shops


               From the interviews we conducted, it seems that most of the

               business people are very appreciative of the waterfront

               improvements. All of the seasonal businesses expressed their

               interest in continuing the redevelopment improvements along

               the shoreline. People in general were aware of the benefits



                                            84












               that the improvements bring to the community. Even from

               those interviews with businesses that were not seasonal by

               nature, we found that there is an almost general consensus

               about the benefits of the waterfront improvements.



               More detailed information on the data gathered is shown on

               the following page.








































                                            85










                                              Sheboygan July 1989

                                                Business Interviews




                1 -is your business seasonal or year round?

                   3-It's busier in the summer
                   5-It's a year round business


                2-Opinion of the waterfront (specifically of the walkway)

                   1 -it's very nice, attractive. But there's not much business
                    from the walkway.
                   1 -Yes, it has an effect. It's great. It would make a
                    difference if it was not there. It makes the area nicer
                    and brings tourists.
                   1 -Yes, it would make a difference to me if it wasn't here;
                    it was worth the investment. I wish they'd expand it.
                   I -it doesn't matter to me one way or the other.
                   1 -it's nice for walking. It brings a lot of out of town
                    people, mostly in the summer, especially boaters.
                   1 -The riverfront definitely needed improvement. I'm glad
                    they're doing it; it's good.
                   1 -We need what they're doing, it's good for business. I
                    love to walk on the riverfront. I'm for redevelopment.
                    It's a nice continuation of the riverfront. They have to
                    keep the bicycles and skateboards off, they're dangerous
                    for people walking - especially the elderly.
                   1 -I'm encouraged by the development. I think it will help
                    business. It's exciting. I think this is very important
                    and I think Sheboygan will see a big influx of people as
                    it expands. It's one of the most positive things
                    happening; it adds to the beauty of the area. It
                    facilitates beauty. Anything that brings more people
                    down here to the riverfront Is good.


                3-Does waterfront development have a noticeable impact on the
                 business?

                   5-Yes
                   3-No













                                                       86













               Summary






               Sheboygan's field data can be divided into two categories:

               1) people's perceptions of the waterfront redevelopment

               efforts, and 2) use of the waterfront walkway.





               1) Perceptions of the waterfront redevelopment efforts.



                  -Sheboygan's wa terfront walkway is confined to a

                   relatively small area. People feel,that this is a major

                   focal point for the community and one of the most

                   important tourist attractions of the city.



                  -Most of the residents feel that the improvements to the

                   waterfront are beneficial to the community because they

                   are of high quality and attract tourists to the area.



                  -Long-time residents stated that they were aware of the

                   tremendous transformation the waterfront has undergonel

                   from an old shanty fishing area to a major tourist

                   attraction.




                  -Residents feel that the city needs to expand-the

                   improvements to other areas of the waterfront which are

                   unpleasant and which appear to be underutilized.


                                            87














                  -People suggested skateboards and bikes be kept off the

                   walk, as they were dangerous especially to the elderly.



                  -Merchants of the-area, especially those involved in

                   seasonal businesses, feel that the waterfront

                   improvements are key in attracting visitors to the area.





               2) Use of the Waterfront Walkway.



               It appears that the areas of the waterfront walkway which

               receive the most use are those which offer things to see and

               do for tourists. These portions of the waterfront are at the
               shops and restaurant areas, which is also where the -charter

               boats and other fishing activities take place. The least

               used area of the walkway appears to be the segment farthest

               from the major tourist attractions. These are the same

               conclusions we reached from analysis of the Manitowoc data.



               As with Manitowoc, in order to have an idea of the use each

               section of the walkway received during our re search, we have

               provided below information on the total number of people

               counted at each section and the amount of time of


               observation.




               The information is summarized as follows:



                                            88













               1. Commercial Fishing section: 2,260 people in 14 hours of

                  observation.

               2. Shops section: 2,157 people in 12 hours of observation.

               3. Park section: 1,"100 people in 12 hours of observation.



               The summary information above and data on individual

               sections are shown on the following graphs. Data on

               individual sections shows the amount of people using that

               segment by date and time of day.


































                                           89











                                         Sheboyqan
                                            (AN SecfloWs)


                              People Using The Walkway

                       2500-




                               .....................   ...           ...

                       2000-




                               .....................   ...           ...

                       1500 -




                       1000 -










                                               B









            Section of the           Total Hours          People Using the
               Walkway                observed                 Walkway

            A - Park                       12                     1100

            B - Commercial Fishing         14                     2260

            C - Shops                      12                     2157










                                                   90












                                     Sheb  I      n
                                       (Parkslaa)

                         People Using The Wakway
                     400 -






                                     ..............................................









                                     ...................................
                     200







                                     ........................
                     100-,






                      0-
                           A     B       c    D      c     F

                                  Date and Time of Day



       Peonle Using the                    Date and Time of the Day
            Walkway

             229                      A - Saturday July 15, 1:00-3:00 pm

             385                      B  - Sunday July 16, 2:45-4:45 pm

               68                     C  - Wednesday July 26, 1:30-3:30 pm

                31                    D  - Thursday July 27, 10:15-12:15 pm

             144                      E  - Saturday Sept. 2, 12:15-2:15 pm

             243                      F  - Sunday Sept. 3, 3:05-5:05 pm





                                                91








                                     Sheboyqan
                                  (commemicil rishiirg Seelon)


                         People Using The Walkway
                     600-"


                          ................ ...................................................




                              ............................. ....................
                     400




                              .......... ..........      ..........
                     300 -




                                         ..........
                     200-




                     100-,




                      0
                           A    B     c    D    E    r     G

                                  Date and Time of Day




        People Using the                   Date and Time of the Day
           Walkway

             489                      A - Saturday July 15, 4:00-6:00 pm

             279                      B - Sunday July 16, 10:00-12:00 am

             374                      C - Wednesday July 26, 6:15-8:15 pm

             170                      D - Thursday July 27, 2:00-4:00 pm

             405                      E - Saturday Sept. 2, 5:45-7:45 pm

             323                      F - Sunday Sept. 3, 12:55-2:55 pm

             220                      G   Monday Sept. 4, 11:30-1:30 pm







                                           92











                                                     Sheb     0      an
                                                       (Shops Sict2n)

                                    People Using The Wa&way





                                            ........................    .......................
                             500-




                                            ........................    .......................
                             Iwo




                                                                                 ............






                             200








                               0
                                                                  D

                                                Date and rime of Day


           People Using the                                   Date and Time of Day
                Walkway

                  5-09                          A - Sunday July 16, 12:30-2:30 pm

                  297                           B - Wednesday July 26, 10:30-12:30 pm

                  364                           C - Thursday July 27, 4:15-6:15 pm

                  532                           D - Saturday Sept. 2, 2:45-4:45 pm

                  337                           E - Sunday Sept. 3, 10:40-12:40 pm

                  118                           F - Monday Sept. 4, 8:50-10:50 am








                                                               93















               Milwaukee




               The City of Milwaukee has d eveloped a comprehensive

               strategic riverfront development plan. The main component of

               the plan.is a wa lkway along the river in the downtown

               district. Some segments of this riverwalk have been

               completed. This is a long term effort that involves

               constructing sections of the walkway at intervals whenever.

               funds become available.




               The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program awarded the City of

               Milwaukee a grant for building an important segment of the

               riverfront walkway. This segment i's located on the east bank

               of the Milwaukee River, from the Wells Street  bridge north

               along the new Milwauk ee Repertory Theater facilities to

               connect with a similar riverwalk that is part of the

               Milwaukee Center Development. This section of the riverwalk

               enhances the riverside amenities of the Performing Arts

               Center and Pere Marquette Park located immediately to the

               north of the walk. The segment of the walk analyzed is about

               475 feet long.



               Milwaukee differs from the other communities analyzed.

               Milwaukee's riverfront is in a downtown, urban setting, and

               may not represent as critical a component of the waterfront

               redevelopment efforts as in the other communities, where the

               waterfront walkway was perhaps the major tourist attraction


                                            94











               for the community. Milwaukee's walk is intended to provide

               for more attractive waterfront access for the public, rather

               than to attract tourists to the city.



               In general, the reader should keep in mind that Milwaukee

               differs from the other two smaller communities analyzed in

               that its waterfront walkway is not the focal point of the

               community, and that secondly, the walkway is still in its.

               early stages of development.



               To be consistent with our previous analysis, we divided

               Milwaukee's riverfront area into two segments.



               Segment Number 1 (Repertory Theater Section)



               The first section of the walk goes from Wells St. to the end
               of the back of the Repertory'Theater. This section is about

               215 feet in length.



               Segment Number 2 (Tramme.11 Crow Section)


               The second section of the walk goes from the end of the back

               of the Repertory Theater along the Milwaukee Center to

               Kilbourn Avenue. The length of this stretch is about 260

               feet.







                                           95













                                                      .........................
                                                      .. . . ...........
                                                         .. .......
                                                      .. .........
                                                      .. .................




                                                         ............
                                                               Milwaukee






                                              Kilbourn Avenue





                                            .... ..........  ...................
                                                                  Trammel Crow
                                                                     ompany
                                                                  Building

                                        ..........









                                                      . .... . ...
                                                                      Milwaukee
                                                      ............
                                                                      Repertory
                                                                      Theater



                                        ... .....



                                       Wells Street Bridge





                                                         .............
                                                         ...........











                                   ............. ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                   ...... ..........


                                                   96












               We conducted three site visits to the City of Milwaukee, one
               on: a weekend and two on regular weekdays.



               The Bite visits to Milwaukee were  on the following dates:


                               Tuesday    August  1
                               Wednesday  August  2

                               Saturday   August  19
                               Sunday     August  20

                               Thursday   August  24
                               Friday     August  25


               Segments of the walkway were observed randomly at different

               times of the day. With the exception of the first site visit

               (where on one day'we had a count lasting one hour), our

               recordings were of two hour time periods.





               August I and 2 (Tuesday and Wednesday)





               During this first site visit, we recorded five hours of

               observation. On Tuesday, August 1, we recorded only one

              @hour, from 4:30 to 5:30 p.m. After 5:30 p.m., Milwaukee's

               downtown became very quiet, and the riverwalk segment was

               hardly used.









                                           97













                The information recorded during this site visit was the

                following:

                     Date          Total Hours    Total Users of the Walkway
                                    Observed         at Different Segments


                Tuesday August 1       1            26 (Inf. was recorded
                                                        at the Repertory
                                                        Theater Segment)

                Wednesday August 2     4           178 (Inf. was recorded
                                                        at both segments)


                On Tuesday, the number of people using the walkway was

                minimal. This may be due to two things: One, we only had one

                hour of observation. Two, our recording took place in the

                afternoon, when Milwaukee's downtown area typically receives

                little use.




                Things picked up on Wednesday when our recordings took place

                late morning and early afternoon. We recorded a considerably

                higher number of people using the walkway. Most of the

                peo ple used the walkway as a means of commuting from one

                site to another. An interesting detail we observed at this

                part of the walkway was that at noon time, there is a  small

                food stand with a couple.tables and chairs right in the

                middle of this section of the walkway. Some people stopped

                and enjoyed lunch at this outdoor cafe stand. More

                information on the activities recorded at this site visit is


                found in tables 17 and 18.





                                            98











                                            Table Number 17

                                        Milwaukee August 1, 1989

                                            Two Hour Totals


              Tuesday, August 1 (Segment 1 - Repertory Theater)         4:30 - 5:30 pm

                         Adults                             Children
                      20 walking                          2 walking
                       1 biking                           3 skateboarding
                      21                                  5             TOTAL 26

                                          One hour recording 26





































                                                99










                                                Table Number 18

                                            Milwaukee August-2,1989

                                                 Two Hour Totals


                Wednesday, August 2 (Segment 2 - Trammell Crow)               10 :00 - 12:00 am

                            Adults                               Children
                         43 walking                             I walking     TOTAL 44


                Wednesday, August 2 (Segment 1 - Repertory Theater)           12:45 - 2:45 gm

                            Adults                               Children
                         121 walking                            7 walking
                          @2 eating at cafe                     1 skateboarding
                           2 reading at cafe
                           1 working at cafe                    8

                         126
                                                                              TOTAL 134



                                         Wednesday Total (4 hours) 178

























                                                      100













               Interviews with Walkway Users



               We conducted 11 interviews during this site visit. Ten

               people were residents of the Milwaukee area (seven were

               originally from Milwaukee and three from other parts of the

               State), and one was visiting from Chicago.



               People in general thought the riverwalk was beneficial to

               the city and convenient for commuting while being close to

               the water. Most people thought the riverwalk needed some

               additional improvements to make it more attractive. Of most

               concern, however, was the condition of the riverwater.

               People interviewed felt that something must be done to have
               a clean@r river, which would in turn make the whole

               riverfront experience much more pleasant. Detailed

               information about interviewees, opinions and perceptions of

               the riverwalk is shown on the following pages.











                                        Milwaukee Interviews

                                        August 1 and 2,1989


              1-Residence/Origin

                Milwaukee      Wisconsin ' Out of State

                  7       I-Greendale    I-Chicago, IL
                          1-Greenfield
                          1 -New Berlin
                          3


              2-Reason for visiting site

                4-Easiest way to get to Grand Ave. Mall
                1 -Doing a promotional campaign for a local business
                1 -I'm out for a walk at lunch
                1 -We're bumming around downtown
                1 -it's the closest way from the park to work
                1 -We're exploring downtown Milwaukee
                I -Easiest way from Performing Arts Center to office
                1 -To have lunch at the sidewalk cafe (set up on the
                   walkway)


              3-How often do you come here?

                5-First time
                3-Five days a week
                I -Two days a week
                2-Once a week


              4-If a tourist, what else. are you doing while in area?

                1 O-Not applicable (live/work here)
                I-Doing a promotional campaign


              5-Awareness of waterfront

                10-Work/live here
                1 -Working in area selling hair salon offer
              6-Opinion'about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                1 -It's beautiful. It reminds me of the walkway in Chicago
                1-1 like it. I wish the other side looked this nice though.





                                               102








                    1 -it's great. I love it. It's an excellent way to let people
                     see the river. It's (the river) not beautiful'now but I
                     expect it will be. This is nice. It's a good start.
                    1 -The walk is nice but this river is disgusting.
                    1 -It's nice. I think it's great but it should have more
                     flowers and green plants.
                    1wit's real nice.
                    14t's nice, very attractive. I think It's really
                     convenient.
                    1 -1 like it. -it saves time.
                    1 -it's nice. I hope they extend it all the way to
                     Wisconsin Avenue.
                    1 -it's nice; kind of sterile looking though; it needs
                     plants.
                    1-1 like it.


                7-Perception of walkway

                    1-1 like it. It's good for the community.
                    1-1 like it being next to the water, having access to it.
                     In the evening with the lights on this would be romantic.
                    1 -it's nice. I've never seen this before the walkway was
                     built.
                    1 -it adds a lot to the make-up of the city.
                    1-1 think It's a big Improvement.
                    I -Yes, it matters to me. It's very convenient.
                    1 -Yes, it"s Important to me; it's easier and more convenient
                     for me to get through here and I can look at the smelly
                     river (sarcasm). You can actually see garbage floating in
                     it!
                    1 -Yes, it's important; we are enjoying it.
                    1 -Yes, it makes a difference to me.
                    1-1 like the area a lot better. They did a good job.






















                                                          103













                       August 19 and 20 (Saturday and Sunday)




                Our next site visit to Milwaukee was on a weekend. We

                recorded a total of eight hours of observation, four hours

                on Saturday and four hours on Sunday. The number of people

                using the walk on this weekend was the smallest count we

                recorded at a site during our research. This small count is

                not an indication of the lack of interest in or attraction

                of the riverfront walkway. The walkway is situated downtown

                among business offices that are primarily closed-on

                weekends. And it is only fair to recognize the many other

                attractions the City offers for residents and visitors.

                Indeed, even though we had a relatively small count of

                people using the riverwalk, our interviews show people's

                interest in the riverwalk.




                The basic information recorded during this weekend was the

                following:


                     Date          Total Hours     Total Users of the Walkway
                                    Observed         at Different Segments

                Saturday August 19       4              42 (Inf. recorded at
                                                            both segments)

                Sunday August 20         4              25 (Inf. recorded at
                                                            both segments)



                A unique situation was recorded during this weekend   . All of

                the 67 users of the walkway during this weekend were adults.

                No children were recorded using the riverwalk. Since the


                                              104












               walkway is in a downtown urban setting, there really are no

               major attractions for children along the walkway. As

               mentioned before, the City offers other more attractive,

               family-oriented facilities where people may enjoy spending

               their weekends.




               Information on times of the day the counts were recorded and

               the activities of the people using the walkway is shown in

               tables 19 and 20.












































                                            105










                                          Table Number 19

                                      Milwaukee August 19,1989

                                          Two Hour Totals


              Saturday, August 19 (Segment 1 - Repertory Theater)    10:45 - 12:45 pm

                        Adults                           Children
                     15 walking                           none
                      1 biking
                     16                                              TOTAL 16


              Saturday, August 19 (Segment 2 - Trammell Crow)        1:30 - 3:30 pm

                        Adults                           Children
                     26 walking                           none       TOTAL 26


                                     Total Saturday (4 hours) 42



























                                               106











                                                Table Number 20

                                           Milwaukee August 20,1989

                                                Two Hour Totals

                Sunday, August 20  (Segment 1 - Repertory Theater)           11:30 - 1:30 pm

                            Adults                              Children
                        12 walking                                none
                          1 biking
                        13                                                   TOTAL     13


                Sunday, August 20 (Segment 2 - Trammell Crqw
                                                                             2:30 - 4:30 Rm

                           Adults                               Children
                        11 walking                                none
                          1 biking
                        12                                                   TOTAL 12


                                           Sunday Total (4 hours) 25

































                                                       .107













               Interviews with Walkway Users



               We had the opportunity to randomly interview eight people

               during.this weekend. Of the eight people we talked to, six

               were non-residents of Milwaukee, and four of them were from

               out of State.




               Basically, the people interviewed were taking the

               opportunity to get acquainted with Milwaukee's downtown.



               Most people thought the riverwalk is an asset to the

               community. They mentioned, however, that many improvements

               are still necessary to have a complete kiverwalk
               development. The site right across from this segment of the

               riverwalk is totally undeveloped. Many people would like to

               have the same walkway facilities on both sides of the river..



               In general, residents as well as visitors to the community

               thought very highly about Milwaukee's downtown riverfront

               development efforts. More precise information on people's

               opinion of the riverwalk is shown on the following pages.













                                           108











                                       Milwaukee Interviews

                                      August 19 and 20,1989



             1-Residence/Origin

                Milwaukee    Wisconsin    Out of State

                  2      1-Mequon     1-Mt. Prospect, IL
                         1-Oshkosh    I -Seaford, Delaware
                         2           I-Florida
                                        1-Sweden
                                     4


             2-Reason for visiting site

                1 -To get somewhere (meeting someone)
                1 -Walking to tourist boats
                1-1 wanted to see it completed.
                1 -1 went to the Performing Arts Center for lunch.
                I -it's a nice way to relax and collect my thoughts.
                1-1 used to live In Milwaukee. I'm out walking to see it.
                I -Just out walking


             3-How often do you come here?

                4-First time
                I -Once a month
                1 -Not very often
                1-1 haven't been here for a long time - 5 years.
                1 -TWo days a week


             4-If a tourist,what else are you doing while in area?

                3-Not applicable (live/work here)
                1 -Came for lrishfest and to see the river
                1 -Go to a Harley Davidson dealer meeting. See the zoo.
                2-Go sightseeing, shopping
                1 -Go on tourist boat ride


             5-Awareness of waterfront

                1-1 walk a lot. In the winter a friend and I walked by and
                 saw the construction. I wanted to see what it looked like
                 when It was finished.






                                              109







                    1-1 drive by it every day.
                    1-1 was just out being adventurous, exploring the city, and
                      I came down here.
                    1-1 keep an office here in the city and I come back often.
                    2-1 just came across it while walking.
                    1 -We were walking past and saw it was open and thought we'd
                      use it as a shortcut.


                 6-Opinion of the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                    1-It's pretty, clean and nice. I like It.
                    1-It's beautiful but they need to do something for the other
                      side. Farther down It looks like the other side is fixed
                      up some, but right here it doesn't look real nice.
                    1 -It's nice. They need to label the buildings. You can't
                      tell what anything Is. They should do the other side like
                      this.
                    1-It's pretty.
                    1-1 love it.
                    1 -it's very nice. they need to clean up the other side
                      though.
                    I-It's definitely a big improvement. I think it's a welcome
                      development for this city. They need to do things like
                      this to get people to the downtown. I think they should
                      keep going and build more along the river here.


                 7-Perception of the walkway

                    1-It makes a difference. It's a lot easier to cut through
                      here, especially during the week. A lot of people use it
                      to get through here.
                    1-1 appreciate it. I didn't see the river as that accessible
                      before. I like it.
                    1-1 think it's worthwhile.
                    1-1 think it makes a difference. It used to look like the
                      other side over there. It's encouraging to see what
                      they've done.
                    1 -it's nice. It really provides a great service to people,
                      not only for the people who use it to get from office to
                      office, but also for people like me who are just out
                      walking. It's great to just walk along here and look at
                      'the water and collect your thoughts and relax. It helps
                      you got a peace of mind. I think it's great.











                                                           110












                August 24 and 25 (Thursday and Friday)



                -Our last site visit to Milwaukee was on a Thursday and

                Friday. On Thursday we counted the largest number of people

                using the walkway facilities. This situation was not really

                due to the fact that our count was taken on a weekday, but

                rather to the time of the.day when we took our recordings.

                The information gathered was the following:


                     Date          Total Hours    Total Users of the Walkway
                                     Observed       at Different Segments


                Thursday August 24      4               271 (Inf. recorded at
                                                             both segments)

                Friday August 25        4               173 (Inf. recorded at
                                                             both segments)



                The information we recorded on Thursday was very

                interesting. From noon to 2:00 p.m., we counted 243 people

                using the walk. In contrast, from 3:00 to 4:00 p.m. we only

                recorded 2.7 users.,On Friday, we observed a similar

                situation.


                It is clear from these figures that people are more likely

                to use the walkway facilities around lunch time, when people

                have more time to walk around the downtown or simply go out

                for lunch and a stroll along the riverfront. Note that the

                children using the walkway were minimal. This may be because

                the walkway is located downtown among office buildings. This












                facility may not be as attractive for children as other

                areas of Milwaukee.



                Precise information on when data was recorded is shown in


                tables 21 and 22.
























































                                            112










                                                 Table  Number 21

                                            Milwaukee August 24,1989

                                                  Two Hour Totals


                 Thursday, Auclust 24 (Segment 1 - Repertory Theater)           12:00 - 2:00 pm

                             Adults                                Children
                        229 walking                             12 walking
                           1 biking
                           1 sitting in window/reading           12
                        231                                                     TOTAL 243


                 Thursday, August 24 (Segment 2 - Trammel    Crow)              3:00 - 4:00 pm

                             Adults                                Children,
                         26 walking                              1 walking
                           1 biking
                         27                                                     TOTAL 28


                                           Thursday Total (4 hours) 271























                                                      113










                                                Table Number 22

                                           Milwaukee August 25,1989

                                                Two Hour Totals


                Friday, August 25 (Segment 1 - Repertory Theater)             9:30 - 11:30 am

                           Adults                               Children
                        19 walking                                none
                         1 biking

                        20
                                                                              TOTAL 20



                Friday, August 25 (Segment 2 - Trammell CroWj                 12:30 - 2:30 pm

                           Adults                               Children
                       150 walking                             3 walking      TOTAL 153


                                           Friday Total (4 hours) 173



























                                                     114












               Interviews with Walkway Users



               During this site visit we conducted.13 interviews. Most of
               the people were residents of Milwaukee. People interviewed

               were very favorable about the riverfront walkway

               development, and most stated that they would like to see

               construction of the riverfront continued. Many of the people

               interviewed just happened to be at the site on their lunch

               break. They were very interested in the use of the facility

               and the expansion of additional amenities. They expressed

               their concern regarding the necessity of cleaning up the

               river and providing for green space along the waterfront.



               Information and interesting comments the people made about

               the riverwalk are found on the following pages.
























                                           115










                                              Milwaukee Interviews

                                             August 24 and 25, 1989



               I-Residence/Origin

                  Milwaukee      Wisconsin      Out of State

                    10       I-Colgate      I-freeport, IL
                            1-Elm Grove
                            2


               2-Reason for visiting site

                  1 -I'm on my way to my parking spot over at the Performing
                    Arts Center.
                  1 -I'm out at lunch doing some reading.
                  1 -I'm just out for a walk at lunch.
                  1 -I'm showing it to a friend here.
                  I-We're just out walking; we came to see the new hotel.
                  I -We just left Rainbow Summer and are out walking.
                  1-1 saw it from the bridge and saw people using it and
                    thought I'd come over to see It. I'm just out exploring
                    today.
                  1 -I'm going back to work from Rainbow Summer.
                  1 -it's the shortest way to the Performing Arts Center.
                  I -We're out walking and enjoying the river.
                  I-We're browsing downtown and enjoying Milwaukee.
                  1 -To get to work. I went out for lunch.
                  1 -I'm a messenger for a law firm. I'm delivering some work.


               3-How often do you come here?

                  6-First time
                  2-Once a week
                  I -Five days a week
                  1 -Three days a week
                  1-1 came here once before
                  1 -1 came here 3 times before
                  1 -Every day that it's nice in the Spring, Summer and Fall


               4-If a tourist, what else are you doing while in the area?
                  11 -Not applicable (live/work here)
                  I -Eat, shop, go to the mail
                  1 -Have lunch, go to the lakefront, museum, Performing Arts
                    Center






                                                         116









                  5-Awareness of waterfront

                     8-Just saw it/stumbled upon it
                     3-Saw it under construction and knew it was open
                     1 We came down to see the new building and thought we'd come
                       down by the water.


                  6-Opinion about the facilities (specifically of the walkway)

                     3-It's nice.
                     3-1 like it.
                     1 -it's nice in the summertime at feast.
                     1 -it should have benches and places to sit. I like it.
                     1 -it's great, excellent! I bring people down here to see it.
                       I like what they're doing.
                     1 -it's beautiful. They should have restaurants down here.
                       The other side is an eyesore though, they should fix it
                       up. You could do the other side like this or maybe try
                       murals.
                     I -It's nice. It needs benches to sit on.
                     1 -it's nice. The river needs to be cleaned up though.
                     I -it's marvelous. Dad here is 84 and he's seen a lot of
                       changes. It's amazing all the changes they've done
                       downtown.


                  7-Perception of the walkway

                     2-Yeah, it makes a difference to me. It looks nice. I like
                       it.
                     1 -it's nice down here by the river. I think it's a good
                       idea.
                     1-1 like it. It's a good thing as long as people use it.
                     1 -it's fine. It makes a difference. It's not a problem for
                       US.
                     1 -it's a good thing. They need to take care of the river.
                     1 -Yes, it makes a difference to me. It makes good use of an
                       asset, the river. It's been ignored for a long time.
                     1 -it's very nice. It makes a difference to me. It's
                       beautiful.
                     1 -it just makes it a nice place to walk.
                     1 -it's nice. It makes a -difference to me. I use it a lot for
                       lunch. I like to sit here in the sun and read. I see a lot
                       of people using it.                  I
                     I-Yes, It makes a difference. We hear favorable things about
                       Milwaukee from friends in California. It's clean, nice and
                       there are things to do. This is really great. It's a great
                       city!
                     1 -it needs places to sit, and tables. We need more
                       amenities here. They need to clean up the river and make
                       it more aesthetically pleasing. There should be some green
                       space. There's not enough grass and trees. In designing





                                                               117










                    you can make a place sterile or architecturally make it
                    pleasing and well suited for people. If they added the
                    places to sit and some plants it would have more people
                    using it.













































                                                      118














               Business Interviews






               The business interviews we conducted in Milwaukee differ

               from those we conducted in Manitowoc and Sheboygan. The

               information gathered may not have as much significance as

               that gathered in the other communities. However, to be

               consistent with the methodology used, we are including

               information about the Milwaukee interviews we conducted.



               Our interviews in Milwaukee were with business people

               located in the surrounding area of the riverfront who were

               willing to spare some of their time.



               In general, Milwaukee business people were more sensitive

               about the interview, more critical in their comments and

               overall less communicative than the business people we

               interviewed in Manitowoc and Sheboygan. We conducted four

               interviews with the following types of businesses:

               1.Computer stores
               2.Pharmacy stores
               3.Furniture Stores



               When we conducted our business interviews in the other

               communities, we found that, generally, people were very

               aware of the waterfront redevelopment activities. We also

               found that people felt that waterfront redevelopment efforts

               were an asset in attracting tourists to the community. The



                                            119















               business in those communities had almost a direct

               relationship with the improvements along the waterfront.



               With one exception, the business people we interviewed in

               Milwaukee did not feel the waterfront walkway had any

               relationship to their businesses. However,,most of the

               people interviewed did feel that the waterfront improvements

               enhanced Milwaukee's downtown.




               Information from the interviews is shown on the following

               page.









































                                            120










                                            Milwaukee August 1989

                                               Business Interviews



                1-Is your business seasonal or year round?

                   4-Year round


                2-Opinlon of the waterfront (specifically of the walkway)

                   1 -it's nice, beautiful. It adds a lot to Milwaukee. It looks
                    sharp.
                   1 -it looks nice.
                   1-it sounds like a nice idea.
                   1 -Any development makes things better. It would be nice when
                    the river is cleaned up, but until that's done it's a
                    waste of water. We need more stringent laws like Hudson
                    Bay. The river now is filthy; I don't think people would
                    use a walkway.


                3-Does waterfront development have a noticeable impact on the
                 business?

                   3-No
                   1 -Yes. A lot of out of town people comment about how nice
                    it is down here by the river.






















                                                       121













               summary






               Consistent with Manitowoc and Sheboygan, we divided the

               information gathered from our field research in Milwaukee

               into two categories: 1) people's perceptions of,the

               riverfront walkway, and 2) use of the facility.



               1).Perceptions of the riverfront walkway.



                   - Milwaukee's riverfront walkway is still in the early

                     stages of development. People interviewed felt,

                     however, that the improvements made so far enhance

                     Milwaukee's downtown.



                   - People felt that the riverfront improvements should

                     continue and be expanded on, since there are many

                     areas along the riverfront that are still unpleasant.



                   - In gener al, people were enthusiastic about the

                     riverfront improvements; however, they also stated

                     that other amenities (such as green areas, benches,

                     etc.) along the riverfront were needed as part of the,

                     wat erfront redevelopment efforts.



                   - Many of the people were deeply concerned about the

                     quality of the riverwater. They felt that it was very


                                            122












                     important to have a clean river to compliment the

                     waterfront improvements.



                   - In general, area merchants thought the riverfront

                     improvements were an asset to the community.



               2) Use of the riverfront walkway.



               The data gathered shows a clear distinction of day and time

               when the riverfront walkway receives the most use. In

               ge neral, we found that the walkway receives its heaviest use

               during lunch time on regular weekdays. At other times (for

               example, the evening) and on other days (the weekends), we

               noticed a definite decline in walkway usage.



               As with Manitowoc and Sheboygan, in order to have an idea of

               the use each section of the walkway received during our

               research, we have provided below information on the total

               number of people counted at each section and the total hoUrs

               of observation.




               The information can be summarized as follows:




               1. Repertory Theater section: 452 people in 11 hours of

                  observation.








                                           123











               2. Trammell Crow section: 292 people in 9 hours of

                  observation.




               The following graphs show the information above as well as

               the data gathered at individual sections. Data on individual

               sections shows the amount of people using that segment by

               date and time of day.








































                                           124











                                            Milwaukee
                                              (AM Seeflons)


                                People Using The Walkway


                       Soo



                                                  ....................................


                       400-



                                                  ....................................








                       200 -









                         0
                                      A                     B

                                               Sacfions





                 Section of the                 Total Hours         People Using the
                     Walkway                     Observed                Walkway
                 A - Repertory Theater               11                    452
                 B - Tramell Crow                     9                    292









                                                      125







                                                                   'Milwaukee
                                                              (Repertory Theater Section)


                                               People Using The Walltway





                                               ..................................................................
                                     250 -




                                                                                                     ............
                                     200 -




                                                                                                     ............
                                     150


                                               ...........         ........................          ...........




                                                                   ........................          .............
                                      50-,




                                        0
                                                A

                                                             Dote and rime of Day



                          People Using the                                       Date and Time of Day
                                  Walkway

                                     26                            A - Tuesday August 1, 4:30-5:30 pm

                                    134                               - Wednesday August 2, 12:45-2:45 pm

                                     16                            C - Saturday August 19, 10:45-12:45 pm

                                     13                            D - Sunday August 20, 11:30-1:30 pm

                                   243.                            E.- Thursday August 24, 12:00-2:00 pm

                                     20                            F - Friday August 25, 9:30-11                       :30 am











                                                                                 126







                                                                  Milwaukee
                                                               (Trammell Crow Seallon)


                                              People Using me Walkway
                                     1610-/


                                              .....................................................




                                                            ........................................
                                     120-


                                     100 -


                                              ......................................................




                                              ......................................................




                                      40 -


                                       20



                                        0
                                                 A             B            C             D

                                                            Date and Time of Day




                          People Using the                                       Date and'Time of Day
                                  Walkway

                                     44                           A - Wednesday August 2, 10:00-12:00 am

                                     42                           B - Saturday August 19, 1:30-3:30 pm

                                     25                           C - Sunday August 20, 2:30-4:30 pm

                                     28                           D - Thursday August 24, 3:00-4:00 pm
                                    153                           E - Friday August 25, 12:30-2:30 pm











                                                                                 127












               V. CONCLUSIONS




               Two major findings were attained in this research:



               1) The amount of use the waterfront walkways get, and

               2) The significance of the walkways, which was accounted

               by people's perceptions about these facilities. (Users of

               the walkways and merchants in the surrounding areas of the

               facilities).



               Amount of use the waterfront walkways get



               The three waterfront walkways analyzed in this research

               differ from one another, therefore it is impossible to make

               a valid comparison among them about the use they get.



               While Manitowoc and Sheboygan's walkways are a focal point

               for the community and an important element on their

               waterfront redevelopment efforts, they differ in length.

               Length makes a big difference in the amount of use a walkway

               gets. Sheboygan walkwayis smaller in length than Manitowoc,

               therefore more concentration of people occur. Also different

               from Manitowoc, Sheboygan's major waterfront attractions are

               concentrated along most of the waterfront walkway.



               Milwaukee's riverfront is also a different situation.

               Milwaukee is a larger City 'and the riverfront is just an



                                           128













               additional attraction to the community. The riverfront is

               also in early stages of development. The riverfront may

               eventually become a major attraction for the community,

               however at this time, it represents an additional feature

               for Milwaukee's downtown.



               In all of the communities, all of the waterfront walkway

               facilities are extensively used. The main difference in the

               amount of use depends in the location of a particular

               segment of the walkway. It was observed that certain

               segments of the walkway are more heavily used depending on

               the attractions in this area. In general, the more

               attractions were provided the more use the particular

               segment got. The farthest from the major attractions, the

               least use the walkway got.





               Significance of the walkways



               The waterfront improvements, specifically the waterfront

               walkways in all of the communities, are highly appreciated

               by the users of the facilities.



               Most of the people interviewed showed much interest in the

               waterfront redevelopment efforts of the communities. People

               in general are supportive of walkway development. Opinions

               from the people using the waterfront walkways and merchants


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               of the area expressed that the waterfront improvements are

               indeed an important asset for the community.



               Communities are experiencing an economic revitalization due

               in.part to the waterfront improvements which in turn invites

               people to visit the community. Many people interviewe d had

               read or heard of the waterfront improvements.. People feel

               that all the improvements in the waterfront enhance the

               communities attraction.




               Long time residents or Sheboygan and Manitowoc expressed how

               they' cities have experienced a tremendous transformation

               along the waterfront. These areas used to be old

               deteriorated semi abandoned and underused, areas which now

               have been turned into major focal points and major

               attractions of the communities.






























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                                    OBSERVING BEHAVIOR



               LOCATION                                   DATE


               SEGMENT


                                                 TIME STARTED


                                                 TIME FINISHED





               TIM        ADULTS (MORE THAN 18)            CHILDREN
               hours.  Walking BiklncF other     Walkinq   Biking Other

               0 -:15










               :16-:30










                                        COMMENTS























                                           132










               TIME        ADULTS (MORE THAN 18)             CHILDREN
               hours    Walking Bikinct Other      Walkincf  Bikinct Other

               :31-:45










               :46-1:00












                                          COMMENTS





















               1:01-1:15


















                                            133









               TIME         ADULTS (MORE THAN 18)             CHILDREN
               hours


                        Walking Biking Other       Walking    Biking Other



               1:16-1:30










                                          COMMENTS













               1:31-1:45










               1:46-2:00









                                          COMMENTS
















                                            134





























                                                                                                           DATE DUE



















                                                                                       GAYLORDINo. 2333                                  PRINTED IN J S A,



















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