[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]
7 Coastal Zone Information 1976 Center January 1976 Maine State Planning Office A Surv@y of Munici p al ]?Iannilft 9 and Ite gulator Y Activity A urvey o 0 0 .4 6@. Plann 0 an U atory 0 0 tivi Y January 1976 Maine State Planning Office s f ,N.4unicipal ing d Re g I Ac t %n r-@ -11 Tt C-- -%. -@- @,, r- k- ;k: Fourtin Powell - Data Collection and Analysis Pauline G. Labbe - Graphic Design and Layout Phoebe McGuire - Cover Ethelyn Hupper - Typing The preparation of this report was financially aided by a special comprehensive planning grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Otatt of filatut Extruffor UtpVtUttut JAMES B. LONGLEY 104 Otatt 6trut, Augads. 04333 TEL. (207) 289-3261 GOVERNOR ALLEN G. PEASE STATE PLANNING DIREcTOR January 26, 1976 To the Governor, Legislature and People of Maine: The attached Survey of Municipal Planning and Regulatory Activity contains a summary of the current status (October 1975) of municipal planning and land use controls in Maine, a comparison of the situations in 1972 through 1975, and a series of charts showing the level of activity in each municipality in Maine, grouped according to the eight Official Planning and Development Districts. The number of municipalities which have joined Regional Planning Commissions decreased by I I from 1974 to a total of 345. The number of planning boards reported also decreased slightly. However, zoning ordinances covering all or part of a municipality have been adopted by 138 municipalities, an increase of 5 percent to 34 percent. Municipally adopted shoreland zoning ordinances have increased from 8 percent in January 1974 to 72 percent in October 1975, a total of 319 cities and towns. Subdivision control ordinances have also shown an increase; 48 percent of Maine's municipalities now have them. Municipally appointed conservation commissions now serve 47 percent of Maine's municipalities. There is a direct correlation between the size of a municipality and the adoption of zoning other than shoreland zoning. OF municipalities over 10,000 population, 94 percent have zoning ordinances but this declines to 12 percent for municipalities with under 500 population. Development pressures have also encouraged adoption of zoning ordinances, with the Southern Maine, Cumberland and Southern Mid Coast Districts having the highest percentages of zoning ordinances. Despite the increasing pressure on municipal budgets, municipal capital improvement programs have remained at a low level. Mobile home ordinances have also increased as this type of housing has become more prevalent in Maine. The various maps and charts provide a detailed picture of the status of land use controls in Maine. Sinc I 1 7@4 P-,)e*eWY,4 Allen Pease State Planning Director AP:emh OFFICIAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS and their COMPREHENSIVE 71 PLANNING AGENCIES UMAJ ME 7 A R o OCTOBER 1975 31 c@ 4v F-7 ... ... . ... ... ... .. . .. ..... A Q U 11 5 E n P.C. rtKKenn t \A -N C -0 ey..\R* 7 E L C n b Planning and Development 0 Districts ---- Regional Planning Commission r Portland 0 rl Jurisdiction Boundaries --uncil of Within Districts Giove@nr@ents PREPARED BY: MAINE STATE PLANNING rn ine Maine Land Use OFFICE LEGEND Regulation Commission ....... . ........... Planning Jurisdiction .......... TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Major Findings Introduction Regional Planning Commission Membership Planning Boards Comprehensive Planning Process Zoning Ordinances Subdivision Control Ordinances Housing Codes Building Codes Mobile Home Ordinances Capital Improvement Programs Conservation Commissions Summary Tables and Maps Map I Planning and Development Districts opposite page Map 2 Current Status Land Use Controls opposite I Table I Municipal Planning Activity 1972 to 1975 2 Table 2 Municipalities with Zoning Ordinances by 3 Population Size Map 3 Regional Planning Commission Membership opposite S Map 4 Conservation Commissions opposite 20 Charts Androscoggin District 6 Cumberland District 8 Eastern Maine District Hancock County R.P.C. 9 Washington County R.P.C. 10 Kennebec District North Kennebec R.P.C. 12 Southern Kennebec Valley R.P.C. 13 Mid-Coastal District Eastern Mid-Coast R.P.C. 14 Southern Mid-Coast R.P.C. 15 Northern Maine District 16 Penobscot District 18 Southern Maine District 20 N E w m z SD-i N CQ N E W B R U N 0 0 m z M Z - Ro o z 0 0 M M 0 m c z 0 z M > z 0 o --i m 0 > z z z 0 m INTRODUCTION AND MAJOR FINDINGS Introduction Subdivision Control Ordinances The initial survey of municipal planning activity Adoption of municipal subdivision control ordin- was conducted by Vance Dearborn of the University of ances has continued to increase until 48 percent of munici- Maine in 1968. Similar surveys were conducted by the palities report having these controls in 1975. The sub- State Planning Office from 1971 through 1975. These sur- division control regulations include both those adopted by veys are based on information collected by the Regional a municipal reviewing authority and those adopted by a Planning Commissions for municipalities in their respec- municipality as an ordinance. tive Planning and Development Districts. The State Plan- ning Office provides information on Shoreland Zoning and the Maine Association of Conservation Commissions Housing Codes provides information on conservation commissions. The number of reported municipal housing codes Regional Planning Commission Membership declined by two since 1974. Nine percent of Maine munici- palities have housing codes. Membership in the Regional Planning Commissions declined slightly since 1974, partly in response to in- creasing burdens on municipal tax bases. However, most municipalities have continued to support and benefit from Building Codes the activities and services supplied by the Commissions. A slight gain was recorded since 1974 in the number of communities with building codes so that thirty-nine Planning Boards percent now have building codes. The number of reported municipal planning boards declined to 395 in 1975 from 401 in 1974. Mobile Home Ordinances Comprehensive Planning Process Mobile homes may be regulated under zoning, sub- A municipality must have a comprehensive plan- division control regulations, or other ordinances. There ning process in order to comply with the requirement to has been a slight increase in these controls since 1974 so zone shoreland areas. As of October 3, 1973, a compre- that twenty-nine percent of Maine's municipalities now hensive plan must be adopted by the legislative body of a have them. municipality prior to adopting a zoning ordinance which controls land use in the entire municipality. However, a plan need not be adopted prior to municipal adoption of a Capital Improvement Programs shoreland zoning ordinance. The percentage of munici- palities reporting a comprehensive planning process re- The number of municipalities reporting capital mained constant at 65 in 1975. improvement programs decreased by one since 1974. Only ten percent of Maine municipalities use this manage- Zoning Ordinances ment technique. During 1973, the State Planning Office participated in the drafting of two model zoning ordinances. The staff of the Cooperative Extension Service of the University of Conservation Commissions Maine drafted two model ordinances. Some Regional The number of cities and towns which have appoint- Planning Commissions also prepared model ordinances. ed conservation commissions has increased to 209 in 1975. These models have been widely used, in both their original form and as a basis for modifications, by municipalities which have adopted Shoreland Zoning Ordinances. The Summary number of municipalities which have zoning ordinances covering all or part of the municipality, other than shore- Municipal planning and regulatory activity for 1972 land zoning, has increased to 138 in 1975. Municipally through 1975 has been summarized in Table 1. While adopted Shoreland Zoning Ordinances have increased to some activities have decreased slightly, there has been a 319 in October 1975 from 253 in October 1974. The re- major increase in the number of municipally adopted maining 28 percent of Maine's cities and towns are admin- Shoreland Zoning Ordinances. Detailed information for istering a Shoreland Zoning Ordinance imposed by the each municipality, grouped by Planning and Development Board of Environmental Protection and the Land Use Districts and Sub-Districts, is shown on the charts follow- Regulation Commission. ing Table 2. TABLE I MUNICIPAL PLANNING ACTIVITY 1975,1974,1973 and 1972 Municipalities* 1975 1974 Survey Item Number Percent Number Percent Regional Planning Commission Member 345 78 356 81 Planning Board 395 90 401 91 Comprehensive Planning Process 288 65 284 65 Zoning Ordinance 138 34 129 29 Shoreland Zoning Ordinance 319 72 253 58 Subdivision Control Ordinance 211 48 191 43 Housing Code 40 9 42 9 Building Code 156 39 145 33 Mobile Home Ordinance 128 29 114 26 Capital Improvement Program 46 10 45 10 Conservation Commission 209 47 191 43 1973 1972 Survey Item Number Percent Number Percent Regional Planning Commission Member 307 70 242 55 Planning Board 384 87 296 67 Comprehensive Planning Process 181 41 129 29 Zoning Ordinance 114 26 87 20 Shoreland Zoning Ordinance Subdivision Control Ordinance 142 32 114 26 Housing Code 41 9 40 9 Building Code 138 31 109 25 Mobile Home Ordinance 109 25 94 21 Capital Improvement Program 51 12 59 13 Conservation Commission 166 38 *cities and towns only Statewide Total (1975) Cities 22 Towns 418 Subtotal 440 Plantations 56 Total 496 2 TABLE 2 MUNICIPALITIES WITH ZONING ORDINANCES BY POPULATION SIZE* 1975 0-499 500-999 1,000-2,499 2,500-4,999 5,000-91999 10,000+ Alexander Acton Alfred Bar Harbor Bath Auburn Arrowsic Cutler Ashland Bridgton Belfast Bangor Burlington Franklin Boothbay Harbor Calais Brewer Biddeford Carrabasset Valley Garland Bowdoinham Camden Cape Elizabeth Brunswick Cooper Harrington Carmel Cumberland Fairfield Caribou Crawford Hiram Castine Dover-Foxcroft Falmouth Kittery Denmark Hope China Eliot Farmington Lewiston Dermysville Island Falls Deer Isle Ellsworth Gardiner Limestone Islesboro Levant Eastport Fort Fairfield Gorham Portland Meddybemps Limerick Fryeburg Fort Kent Houlton Presque Isle Newfield Lovell Glenburn Freeport Kennebunk Saco Northfield Newburgh Hancock Gray Lisbon Sanford North Haven Penobscot Hermon Hallowell Madawaska So. Portland Robbinston Phillips Holden Hampden Old Orchard Bch. Waterville Roque Bluffs Plymouth Hollis Lincoln Old Town Westbrook Shirley Pownal Howland Orrington Orono Southport Rangeley Kennebunkport Pittsfield Rockland Stoneham Shapleigh Leeds Standish Scarborough Sweden Steuben Livermore Thomaston Topsham Trenton Wayne Mapleton Van Buren Winslow Verona West Bath Mechanic Falls Vassalboro York Willimantic Mt. Desert Wells Newcastle Wilton North Berwick Winthrop Owl's Head Yarmouth Raymond Richmond Rockport Sidney Veazie Washburn Winter Harbor Wiscasset Woolwich 22 21 34 25 21 15 12% 18% 29% 60% 84% 94% *For zoning ordinances other than Shoreland Zoning. Note: Population obtained from the 1970 U.S. Census of Population. REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION MEMBERSHIP OCTOBER 1975 ----T o I ...... ... ... I c SI . . ... ..... p 0 Regional Planning Commission Member PREPARED BY: MAINE STATE PLANNING OFFICE Maine Land Use LEGEND Regulation Commission Planning Jurisdiction PLANNING AND REGULATORY ACTIVITIES, 1975 The following charts illustrate the present status of Municipalities which have adopted their own shore- various planning and regulatory activities in all cities and land zoning ordinance have the symbol "S" on the chart. towns in Maine, arranged by Planning and Development This is used whether the shoreland zoning ordinance is Districts. For each municipality, membership in a Regional separately adopted or is an amendment to an existing Planning Commission, the existence of a planning board, zoning ordinance which applies to all or part of the munici- and other regulatory activities are indicated by the pres- pality. The symbol "P" indicates an ordinance, other than ence of a colored block. Municipalities which are members a shoreland zoning ordinance, which applies to only a part of a Regional Planning Commission outside the district of the municipality. The zoning ordinance column con- are indicated by the initials of that Regional Planning tains two totals: zoning ordinances other than shoreland Commission. All totals are by Planning and Development zoning on the left and shoreland zoning on the right. District or Sub-District. Municipalities having either a municipal subdivision Municipalities reported to be working on compre- control ordinance adopted by their legislative body or a hensive plans are shown as having an active comprehen- subdivision control regulation adopted by their municipal sive planning process, even though a formal report may reviewing authority are shown as having a subdivision con- not have been completed, nor a plan adopted by the legis- trol ordinance. All municipalities are required to review lative body. requests for subdivision under the terms of State law, (T 30, � 4956). 5 ANDROSCOGGIN DISTRICT Androscoggin Valley Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities 41 0 .10 0 Municipality Andover Auburn S Avon Bethel S Buckfield Byron S Canton Carrabasset Valley S Carthage Chesterville S Dixfield Durham S Eustis S Farmington P Fayette SKV S Gilead Greene S Greenwood S Hanover S Hartford S Hebron Industry S Jay S Kingfield S Leeds S Lewiston S Lisbon S Livermore SP Livermore Falls S Madrid S Mechanic Falls S Mexico S Minot New Gloucester Newry New Sharon S New Vineyard Norway S ANDROSCOGGIN DISTRICT (Cont'd) Androscoggin Valley Regional Planning Commission (cont'd) October 1975 Planning Activities zl@ 10 4@ IS, 0 Municipality Oxford S Paris Peru S Phillips S Poland S Rangeley S Roxbury S Rumford S Sabattus S Strong S Sumner Temple S Turner S Upton S Wales Waterford S Weld S West Paris S Wilton S Woodstock S .Fotals 58 47 54 38 11/42 22 5 21 6 7 27 Percent 100 81 93 65 119/721 38 9 36 10 12 47 Harrison and Stoneham are members of the AVRPC. 7 CUMBERLAND DISTRICT Greater Portland Council of Governments October 1975 Planning Activities q, JV do Q@w 40 Municipality Bridgton S Cape Elizabeth S Casco S Cumberland S Falmouth S Freeport Gorham S Gray S Harrison AV S Naples S North Yarmouth Otisfield S Portland S Pownal S Raymond S Scarborough Sebago S So. Portland S Standish S Westbrook S Windham S Yarmouth S Totats 22 19 21 20 115/19 1 20 5 19 16 1 Percent 100 86 95 91 168/861 91 23 86 73 5 Note: Pownal does not require Shoreland Zoning. 8 EASTERN MAINE DISTRICT Hancock County Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities cl@ @10 0, Z@ Ir 0 0 Municipality Amherst S Aurora S Bar Harbor S Blue Hill S Brooklin Brooksville S Bucksport S Castme s Cranberry Isles S Dedham Deer Isle S Eastbrook S Ellsworth S Franklin S Gouldsboro S Hancock S Isle au Haut S Lamoine S Mariaville Mt. Desert S Orland S Otis S Penobscot S Sedgwick S Sorrento S Southwest Harbor S Stonington S Sullivan S Surry S Swan's Island S Tremont S Trenton S Verona S Waltham S Winter Harbor S Totals 35 31 1 33 31 11/32 19 2 !q 12 5 16 Percent 100 89 1 94 89 31/91 @4 6 26 34 14 46 9 EASTERN MAINE DISTRICT (Cont'd) Washington County Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities q,- qj J0 qj .0 qj 0 Municipality 4@4 "Z@ 0 Addison S Alexander S Baileyville Beals S Beddington S Calais S Centerville Charlotte Cherryfield S Columbia S Columbia Falls S Cooper S Crawford S Cutler S Deblois S Dermysville S East Machias Eastport S Harrington S Jonesboro S Jonesport S Lubec S Machias Machiasport S Marshfield S Meddybemps S Milbridge S Northfield S Pembroke Perry S Princeton Robbinston S Roque Bluffs S Steuben S Talmadge Topsfield Vanceboro 7-1 Waite 10 EASTERN MAINE DISTRICT (Cont'd) Washington County Regional Planning Commission (cont'd) October 1975 Planning Activities 1@0 qll@ 110 0 A0 150 0 0 Municipality N Wesley S Whiting S Whitneyville Totals 41 29 33 8 12/29 8 0 3 5 12 9 Percent 100 70 80 19 129/7 19 0 7 1 12 1 29 22 Danforth is a member of the WCRPC and the NMRPC. KENNEBEC DISTRICT North Kennebec Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities I? C5 qj 0 Z, "o 011@ 0 10 R. s@o C-3 0 IR 0", 0 0 3@1 Municipality N Albion S Anson S Athens S Belgrade S Benton Bingham S Burnham Cambridge S Canaan S China S Clinton S Cornville S Detroit S Embden S Fairfield S Freedom S Harmony S Hartland S Jackman S Madison S Mercer S Moose River S Moscow S New Portland S Norridgewock S Oakland S Palermo S Palmyra S Pittsfield Ripley S Rome S St. Albans S Sidney S Skowhegan S Smithfield S Solon S Starks S Thorndike 12 KENNEBEC DISTRICT (Cont'd) North Kennebec Regional Planning Commission (cont'd) October 1975 Planning Activities ?0 0 ,Q"o IR, Municipality Troy S Unity S Vassalboro S Waterville S Winslow S Totals 43 38 42 22 8/39 21 1 2 6 2 17 to Percent 100 88 98 51 19/91 49 2 5 14 5 40 Southern Kennebec Valley Regional Planning Commission Augusta S Chelsea Farmingdale S Gardiner S Hallowell S Litchfield S Manchester S Monmouth S Mount Vernon S Pittston S Randolph S Readfield S Richmond S Vienna S Wayne S West Gardiner Whitefield S Windsor S Winthrop Totals 19 17 17 11 5/16 9 2 7 13 0 13 Percent 100 89 89 58 26/84 47 10 37 68 0 68 Fayette is a member of the SKVRPC. 13 MID-COASTAL DISTRICT Eastern Mid-Coast Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities q. qj 4-j 0 q, .0- 0 0 0 Municipality Appleton Belfast Belmont Brooks Camden S Cushing S Friendship S Hope S Islesboro S Jackson Knox Liberty S Lincolnville S Monroe S Montville S Morrill S North Haven S Northport S Owl's Head S Rockland S Rockport S Saint George S Searsmont S South Thomaston S Swanville Thomaston S Union S Vinalhaven S Waldo Warren Washington Totals 31 23 30 15 9/21 1 6 9 6 6 16 Percent 100 74 97 1 4 129/681 19 9 19 19 52 1@6 52 14 MID-COASTAL DISTRICT (Cont'd) Southern Midcoast Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities @0 qd ko q, 0 6 Municipality Alna S Arrowsic S Bath S Boothbay S Boothbay Harbor S Bowdoin Bowdoinham S Bremen S Bristol S Brunswick S Damariscotta S Dresden S Edgecomb S Georgetown S Harpswell S Jefferson S Newcastle S Nobleboro S Phippsburg s South Bristol S Southport S Topsham S Waldoboro S West Bath S Westport S Wiscasset S Woolwich S Totals 27 17 26 27 11/26 21 4 14 13 1 3 22 Percent 100 63 1 96 1 100_ 55/961 78T15 1 52 1 65 1 11 1 8 15 NORTHERN MAINE DISTRICT Northern Maine Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities 0 0- .0 V V 0 011 S" Municipality 00 Amity Ashland SP Bancroft Benedicta Blaine Bridgewater S Caribou S Castle Hill S Chapman S Crystal S Danforth S Dyer Brook Eagle Lake S Easton Fort Fairfield S Fort Kent S Frenchville S Grand Isle Haynesville Hersey Hodgdon Houlton Island Falls S Limestone S Linneus Littleton Ludlow S Madawaska S Mapleton S Mars Hill S Masardis S Merrill Monticello New Limerick S New Sweden Oakfield S Orient Patten 16 NORTHERN MAINE DISTRICT (Cont'd) Northern Maine Regional Planning Commission (cont'd) October 1975 Planning Activities QY @N- 01@1 00 1-40 Zv 0 0 Municipality Perham Portage Lake S Presque Isle S Saint Agatha S Saint Francis S Sherman S Smyrna Stacyville S Stockholm Van Buren Wade Washburn S Westfield S Weston S Woodland Totals 53 40 37 20 112/291 15 7 1 22 1 9 1 7 1 L6@j Percent 100 75 70 38 123/491 28 1 13 1 41 1 15 1 13 1 11 Note: Ludlow does not require Shoreland Zoning. Danforth is a member of the NMRPC and the WCRPC. 17 PENOBSCOT DISTRICT Penobscot Valley Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities .0- -40 1-40 Municipality 4V Abbot S Alton Atkinson S Bangor S Bowerbank S Bradford Bradley Brewer S Brownville S Burlington Carmel Charleston Chester S Clifton Corinna S Corinth Dexter S Dixmont Dover-Foxcroft S East Millinocket Eddington S Edinburg Enfield S Etna S Exeter Frankfort S Garland S Glenburn S Greenbush S Greenfield Greenville S Guilford S Hampden S Hermon S Holden Howland S Hudson -r-S -T Kenduskeag 18 PENOBSCOT DISTRICT (Cont'd) Penobscot Valley Regional Planning Commission (cont'd) October 1975 Planning Activities .0 .411po Municipality CC) Lagrange Lee S Levant Lincoln S Lowell S Mattawamkeag Maxfield Medford Medway S Milford Millinocket Milo S Monson S Newburgh S Newport S Old Town S Orono S Orrington S Parkman S Passadumkeag S Plymouth S Prospect Sangerville S Searsport S Sebec S Shirley S Springfield Stetson S Stockton Springs S Veazie S Wellington Willimantic S Winn S Winterport Woodville Totals 73 52 64 58 21/46 23 5 21 19 0 1 32 Percent 100 71 88 79 130/ 631 31 1 7 1 29 26 0 1 44 Note: Charleston and Newburgh do not require Shoreland Zoning. 19 SOUTHERN MAINE DISTRICT Southern Maine Regional Planning Commission October 1975 Planning Activities 0 41 .0 qj 0 0 N - "d Municipality Acton S Alfred S Arundel Baldwin Berwick Biddeford S Brownfield S Buxton Cornish Dayton S Denmark S Eliot S Fryeburg S Hiram S Hollis S Kennebunk S Kennebunkport S Kittery Lebanon Limerick Limington Lovell S Lyman S Newfield S North Berwick Old Orchard Bch. Parsonsfield Porter Saco Sanford S Shapleigh S South Berwick Stoneham AV S Stow Sweden S Waterboro Wells P York S Totals 38 1 32 38 38 - 23/201 37 3 1 29 23 3 L34_j 20 Percent 100 1 84 100 100_ 60/531 97 8 1 76 60 8 89 j CONSERVATION COMMISSIONS OCTOBER 1975 X. A7 R 0 o 4 - 41 .... . ..... .... ... ... @77 . . . ....... 0 T C Y 0 R S1 E ..... .... . I R ---t j 7+ -a p L 0 Conservation to o Commissions PREPARED BY: MAINE STATE PLANNING Maine Land Use OFFICE LEGEND Regulation Commission Planning Jurisdiction .......... NOAA COASTAL SERVICES BRARY @ 11,11, @1111 CTR I 3 6668 1411