/prepared for the Metropolitan Dade County, Florida, Planning Department by the Department of Architecture and Planning of the School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Miami. Metropolitan Dade County (Fla.).Planning Dept. University of Miami.Dept. of Architecture and Planning. [Coral Gables, Fla.?:s.n.,1981] Waterfronts Florida Biscayne Bay Region Planning Congresses. Land use, Urban Florida Biscayne Bay Region Planning Congresses. City planning Florida Biscayne Bay Region Congresses. Ito 9" f!fIMI to :j too Its -S, 1: '1. off Ij n I F! 1; "Im A to I t U13 K ... evil I to 19,4. iscayne a rban Water ront HT 167.5 F6 Charrette y f B57 1981 iscayne ay Urban Waterf ront Charrette Property of CSC Library U - S - DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA COASTAL QDRIVICES CENTER 2234 @,OUTH HOESON AVENUE CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413 This Report was prepared for the Metropolitan Dade County, Florida Planning Department by the Department of Architecture and Planning of the School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, January 1981. CM LU 0 Vol-, - Ak ;PIZ h4 This project was financed by Federal Coastal Zone Department of Environmental Regulation and Dade Management funds administered by the State of County entitled "An Agreement for Dade County Florida Department of Environmental Regulation in Study: Approaches to the Urban Waterfront". partial fulfillment of a contract between the Florida PREFACE The purpose of this publication is to report the The afternoon session was devoted to a discussion proceedings of a one-day charrette held for the of Bay planning by the charrette participants and specific purpose of discussing the planning and was chaired by John Steffian, Chairman of the design of the urbanized waterfront of Biscayne Department of Architecture and Planning of the Bay. Participants included leading local and University of Miami. A major part of this report national planning design professionals. The char- is devoted to that discussion. The transcript of rette was held at Vizcaya on December 7, 1979. the charrette was minimally edited to maintain the The day's activities began at 9:00 a.m. with an integrity of the dialogue. introduction by Reginald Walters, Planning Director for Dade County, Florida, who provided the gene- At 5:00 p.m., a wine and cheese party was held in ral direction and schedule for the day's discus- the loggia of Vizcaya. The party provided an sions. opportunity for charrette participants, invited guests, and students to reflect on the day's activ- The morning was devoted to the review of planning ities and to examine the student work which was and design work prepared by Gary Greenan's on display. The program ended at 9:00 p.m. senior architecture and planning class at the University of Miami. This work was prepared for It was generally agreed that because the bayshore the purpose of providing background information is highly desirable real estate, it is best to rely and a "point of departure" for the afternoon dis- upon market forces which will result in the use of cussion session. the shoreline for high density development. However, shoreline developments should incorpo- The students began their presentation with an rate ground level physical and visual access to the analysis of Biscayne Bay in a slide format followed Bay. The funds generated in property taxes by a presentation of maps indicating urban sys- could then be used to improve public access either tems, physical characteristics of the planning area, at existing or new parks. Simple low cost vest and general planning recommendations. The final pocket parks should be created . along the bay part of the student presentation consisted of a shoreline and along canal or river fronts. series of individual projects developed for pri- vately-owned sites, which demonstrated design At the time of publication of this report, Dade concepts that were sensitive to their bayfront County was in the process of preparing ordinances locations while meeting the intensity permitted by that reflected many of the suggestions made at the the existing zoning regulations. Discussion of the charrette, including adoption of the "Proposed student work continued through lunch. Biscayne Bay Management Plan," creation of a Bay Management Committee and provision for public Bay access. CHARRETTE PARTICIPANTS Fred Calder Coastal Zone Management, Felipe Prestamo Professor of Architecture Department of Environmental and Planning, University of Regulation, Tallahassee, Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Florida James Reid Director, City of Miami Bob David Director, City of Miami Planning Department, Miami, Beach Planning Department, Florida Miami Beach, Florida John Ames Steffian Professor and Chairman, Dr. Norman Einspruch Dean, School of Engineering Department of Architecture and Architecture, Univer- and Planning, University of sity of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Florida Reginald Walters Director, Dade County Jean Evoy Biscayne Bay Project, Dade Planning Department, Miami, County Planning Depart- Florida ment, Miami, Florida Kent Watson Landscape Architect, Bay Joseph Flemming Attorney, Miami, Florida Conservation and Develop- ment Commission, San Gary Greenan Associate Professor of Francisco, California Architecture and Planning, University of Miami, Coral Carl Weinhardt Director, Vizcaya Museum, Gables, Florida Miami, Florida Maureen Harwitz Izaak Walton League The following students prepared the background Tibor Hollo Developer, Miami, FLorida material for the charrette. Kevin Lynch Professor of Planning, Mark Bertolami M.I.T.; Architect, Urban Antolin Carbonell Designer and Planner, Bob Colarusso Boston, Massachusetts Larry Farrenkopf Sally Gingras Harold Malt Professor of Architecture Susan Littlefield and Planning, University of Mike McConnell Miami, Coral Gables, Florida Sam Rothman Annabel Rub Lester Pancoast Architect, Miami, Florida Ricky W. Schenker (Opening Statement) REGINALD WALTERS This is one of the first times that the Planning This project is a part of a Bay Management Plan- Department of Dade County has identified with and ning Program for which Dade County Planning has entered into some meaningful relationship with the been provided funds. We're delighted that we are University of Miami. This is a project that we finally, as a county metropolitan government, believe provides an excellent opportunity for working on a study for Biscayne Bay. We call it students, in a brief period of time and with limited the Biscayne Bay Management Planning Program. resources, to become involved and provide an This particular facet that we'll be concentrating on educational experience. The Planning Department this morning is part of dealing with the urban staff also has the advantage of seeing what ad- waterfront, in terms of both its access and devel- vanced students can bring to a project such as opment as they would relate to the enhancement of this. Thus, the joint venture is an experiement. the Bay from all aspects: political, social, and So far it has worked extremely well and today you economic. can be the best judge of that. The ten students involved in this part of the We' re delighted that the charrette participants, program are mostly fourth- and fifth-year archi- most of whom are sitting in the front rows, will tectural students. There are also several graduate make their entire day available for this activity. planning students on this team. This was a struc' In a few moments the students will come forward tured, six-credit hour course. These students and start presenting the work that they have been represent a very select group. You must appre- involved in. This is intended primarily as a sort ciate that there was very limited time and re- of pump-priming for us: background to stimulate sources allocated to them to participate in the the participants' thinking process. much broader program by Dade County. The University received something like $5,000 to cover We're going to let you enjoy the morning session all expenses, which, by the way, included ex- as you listen and absorb, with an occasional op- penses involved with flying in some of the char- portunity to ask a few questions, but for the most rette participants. part the students will be making presentations. This afternoon the charrette participants will be The charrette which we are about to participate in expected to react. We are like a sponge; we're is not intended as a critique of the students' going to absorb this morning and then we're going work, although I'm sure that the students would to be squeezed this afternoon. welcome a constructive critique of their work as a part of the feedback to them. Rather, its purpose is mainly to stimulate, to cause us 'to think, so that this afternoon we can share our thoughts, representing many fields, with them. This will be the purpose of this afternoon's session. SUSAN LITTLEFIELD AND RICKY SCHENKER Biscayne Bay is a subtropical, coastal lagoon with an average depth of about six feet. The Bay is a fairly recent geological forma- tion, only 3,000 years old. Modi- fications have been due to natural causes, primarily hurricanes, and these natural phenomena continue to affect the Bay. In more recent years, human influ- s had pervasive effects on ence ha the Bay. Habitation along the Bay shore can be traced back to Indian settlements in 1100 B.C. Between 1500 and the mid-1700's, Europeans came to Miami, but their attempts at settlement were futile. It was not APF until the early 1800's that Amer- ican, Bahamian and perhaps Cuban '40 settlers arrived in Miami. When Florida entered the Union in 1821, military bases were established at Fort Dallas and at Fort Bankhead on Key Biscayne. Agricultural, milling, and military activities, (At this time Gary Greenan intro- including several Seminole wars, duced the students who began the resulted in alterations of the program with the following slide natural shoreline--specifically, the presentation. clearing of native vegetation. The late 1800's brought an increase in permanent white settlements, N, particularly in Coconut Grove and the Miami River area. At the insistence of Julia Tuttle, one of 1v Miami's earliest pioneers, Henry Flagler's railroad was extended to Miami in 1895. This marked the beginning of Miami's urbanization and la'id the foundation for massive alterations of north Biscayne Bay's natural environment. The Florida East Coast Railroad Company began to dredge a sub- stantial network of waterways. The Miami River and a basin just north ,J of it were dredged and a channel to the sea was cut just south of Cape Florida. in 1905 Government Cut was opened through the narrow, A111 "RO southern, natural tip of the Miami Beach peninsula. The dredge T UK', material from this project created Fisher Island. When Flagler arrived, Miami Beach was a 200-foot wide sandpit covered with sea oats and sea grapes. A dense mangrove fringe bordered its western shoreline. The mangrove forests were cut and the marshes '-T A and swamps were filled with material T dredged from the Bay bottom. 7 Pilings were driven for bul khead bulkheaded shore. in this supports. According to Polly manner the original landscape Redford, biographer of Miami was erased as if it had never Beach: been, and a more saleable one built in its place." (Carter, pp. ... year by year a uniform, 75-76) five-foot plateau spread north- ward along the bayfront. As it Massive environmental changes did rose, the bay bottom fell, and not end with the creation of Miami what had been hundreds of acres Beach. In 1918 Star Island was of turtlegrass flats covered with raised out of Biscayne Bay, half a a foot or two of clear water mile long and a quarter of a mile became a deep turbid pool run- wide. This was the first of many ning parallel to a smoothly man-made islands created in North Bay between the mainland and the new Miami Beach. In 1919 the Intracoastal Waterway was dredged and a deep borrow channel was completed along the western Miami Beach shoreline. Numerous spoil islands were created during this effort. Baker's Haul- over Cut was dug in 1923. In 1926 plans emerged for the expansion of the 'Venetian Isles' all the way up the middle of the Bay, but they were never executed. The wooden Collins Avenue bridge was replaced by causeways, beginning with Venetian and McArthur in 1926. The Rickenbacker to Key Biscayne was completed in 1942 and the Broad Causeway in 1951. @, P@O A VFW" Since 1890, over 20% of the natural Today's urban waterfront, north of water area of North Bay has been the Rickenbacker Causeway, out- filled to create almost 30 islands lines 24 square miles of water. and six causeways. Another 20% Approximately 200,000 people live has been dredged into waterways, along the bayfront. Another 1.5 borrow pits, and channels. These million live in surrounding Metro alterations were the result of Dade County. Add the millions of Miami's early priorities, tourism and tourists who visit Miami each year commerce. Now, the natural envi- and the result is a tremendous 'is seen as one of the area's number of potential Bay users. ronment major and unique features. Preser- vation and enhancement of that Most of North Bay's 90 linear miles environment has become a high of shoreline is developed residen- priority at both state and county tially with single-family houses, and levels. low- and high-rise apartments. A-C-0011 Exceptions include downtown Miami, the Port of Miami, and the Interama area. rails, trash, and limited parking discourage use. Apartment buildings, both small and large, tend to sit right at the water's edge, with minimal attention 1 10 paid to shoreline treatment. Rarely W is there any attempt to establish a sensitive transition between build- ings and Bay. Fenced-in swimming pools, tennis courts, and parking lots typically line the shore. The buildings create a wall between land and water, an impenetrable barrier that eliminates the possibility of MWE access not only from the immediate neighborhood, but from a much larger surrounding area as well. Present single-family houses gene- rally do not take maximum advan- tage of their bayside location. Docking facilities are feasible, but a suprisingly large percent of these private facilities are unused. The configuration of single-family neigh- borhoods can also wall off the Bay, A very limited amount of the Bay preventing public access to the shoreline is accessible to the gene- water, both physically and visually. ral public. Many streets run These finger canals are typical of straight to the water's edge, but as development during the 50's and .......... potential access points, they are 60's but would not be permitted 00"I not taken advantage of. Guard today. 110 _4W During the past few years there The causeways offer superb views have been significant changes in of the Bay and surrounding city shoreline development. Single- skylines. This is one of the most family areas are being replaced by striking characteristics of the area large condominiums and apartment and could be used to much greater houses with minimal regard to the advantage. Of the six causeways resulting changes in scale. Visu- that cross the Bay, only the Rick- ally this problem is pretty clear. enbacker is open for direct public Socially, as it influences individual access to the water. Julia Tuttle neighborhoods, it is more subtle. does have a spectacular view of the Economically the effect snowballs, Bay, but it is fenced --prohibiting forcing local single-family residents public use. People ignore the out in order to make room for more fences to fish from the causeway, profitable high-rise development. however. Other causeways provide good visual access to the Bay but There is still some open space along little else. Prohibitive signs set a the Bay's shoreline. Causeways, negative tone and physically deny spoil islands, parks, and vacant public use. lots are frequently used by the public (both legally and illegally). There are 15 bayfront parks between the Rickenbacker Causeway and Haulover, but most of them treat the Bay passively, without providing for direct public use of the water. Some parks include boat "15 "i. launching facilities, but the majority -oriented, concentrating are inward on activities like running, walking, and swimming in pools. In many parks the waterfront is treated as a hazard, with plantings that block the water's edge, dangerous and ineffective riprap and even signs forbidding swimming. Spoil islands directly affiliated with some of the parks are not incorporated into the parks' scope. This is KennedyPark and its associated. picnic island less than 1,000 feet offshore. There are many islands along the Intra- coastal Waterway and most are publicly owned. They are opened to picnicking, bird watchers and swimmers, if they can provide their own transportation. Boat rentals or small ferry boats would improve access to these islands, increase bayshore park utilization, and open the Bay to the non-boat-owning public. There are environmental problems in U, the Bay that are closely affiliated with shoreline treatment and these @47 12 problems also demand attention. The analysis of these problems is not included as part of this student project. However, we have ob- TIVOW, served some of the problems. Most of the bayshore is vertically bulk- headed, which amplifies wave action and resulting turbidity, preventing the development of healthy grass beds. A lot of the bulkheading is 1,7 44" in poor condition and ought to be 2, -type replaced with riprap. Finger canals and small inlets tend to collect unsightly, noxious trash and debris. Storm sewers carrying urban filth often empty directly into the Bay. While the Bay does generally meet minimum water qual- ity standards, all these factors do tend to make the waters unappeal- ing. Our project began with a visual analysis of the Bay. We explored by plane, boat, car and on foot, it looking and photographing, and pinpointing elements both positive 00 fill and negative. These pictures give starting at the Rickenbacker Cause a representation of what we saw way and going north around the Bay. 41 AWN,,"A" 13 Our goal is to retain and expand upon the positive elements of the Bay: commercial fishing, shipping, and pleasure boating; historic features, passive shoreline activi- ties, and recreational opportunities. Ultimately, we want to make the hL Bay as accessible as possible to as ROZ -W many different types of people as possible. Y F (At this time the students began a presentation of maps which included information relative to urban sys- tems, bay planning criteria, and general planning ;recommendations.) 131@/ ST. T > > <- TRANSPORTATION L- @ @ST U P, Z' 44/, Shipping Channel Intracoastal Waterway Major Bus Routes @mmmmm @95 S7. U) E H OIR E I ji Metro Rail 11CAU111110111111111 ST. 181 7 S Y. (A T1 I LE CSWY. AM *C T. > 113 v Z Y. z 0 @J. CO 135 ST HISTORICAL DISTRICTS 125 ST BAL HABOR 1. Coconut Grove BROAD Founded in 1880's by Peacock CSWY family; one of the earliest settlements in Dade County. Historical Survey completed. 2. Brickell Avenue/Silver Bluff Turn-of-century upper-class residentia 95 ST. MIAMI SHORES residential district. Historical survey completed. 81 3. Overtown 6 79 ST. Miami's black residential area, CSWY much disrupted by express- ways and urban renewal. Historical survey planned. 5 4. Wynwood/Edgewater 1920's fashionable residential district. Now in reduced circumstances. Historical survey completed. JULIA TUTTLE 5. Lemon City CSWY 1890's farming community; now predominantly Haitian area. MIAMI Historical survey under way. BEACH ST. 6. Little River VENETRAN Another 1890's farming com- CSWY 8 munity. Presently known as Miami's combat zone. Histor- ical survey underway. 7. Ojus 1920's rural crossroads, old Dixie Highway. Presently no historical survey planned. 8. South Beach Dade County's only fully- designated preservation dis- trict. Best preserved ex- designate trict. amples of inter-Bella Resort L. 75 West Flagler Street Architecture (Art-Deco, Dade County Courthouse streamlined, moderne, etc.). M. 118 N.E. 2nd Street Gesu Church * HISTORICAL N. 600 Biscayne Boulevard Bayfront Historical Sites News/Freedom Tower A4 3747 Main Highway 0. 1300 Biscayne Boulevard El Jardin/Carrollton School Sears Tower P. 464 N.E. 16th Street Bl@ 3595 Main Highway Trinity Episcopal Cathedral Pagoda at Ransom Everglades School * Q. 1737 North Bayshore Drive C+ 3429 Devon Raod Miami Women's Club * First School House and Ply- R. 1852 North Bayshore Drive mouth Church * S. 717 N. E. 27th Avenue D+ 3465 Main Highway The Barnacle T. MacArthur Causeway/West Avenue E+ 2985 South Bayshore Drive Vizcaya Hotel Coconut Grove Women's Club F+ 3500 Pan American Drive Seaplane Terminal/City Hall G. 3251 S. Miami Avenue *National Register of Historic Places Vizcaya * Not shown on map H. 1500 Brickell Avenue Petit Douy 1. 190 S.E. 12th Terrace Dr. Jackson's Office (Dade Heritage Trust Office) J. 624 Brickell Avenue Watson/Preston Residence K. 174 East Flagler Street Olympia Theater/Gusman Hall 17 ACTIVITY ANANALYSIS Public Parks A Bill Baggs State Park B Crandon Park C Peacock Park D David Kennedy Park E. Bayfront Park F. Bicentennial Park G. Watson Island H. Margaret Pace Park I. Morningside Park J. Legion Park K. Interama Park L. Haulover Beach Park M. Alice C. Wainwright Park Golf Courses N Key Biscayne 0. Bayshore P. La Gorce (Private) Q. Normandy Shores R. Indian Creek (Private) S. Haulover Marinas and Yacht Clubs a Crandon Park b. New Marina c Coconut Grove Sailing Club d Dinner Key e Biscayne Bay Y.C. f Coral Reef Y.C. g Key Biscayne Y.C. h Miami Y. C Marina Y.C. j. Pelican Harbor Y.C. k. Bayshore Y.C. 1. Treasure Island m. Haulover n. South Beach Marina (under construction) 0 Miamarina 25# Vita course P. Marina 264 Bike path 27. Intracoastal Waterway Points of Interest 28. Main Channel--cruise ship docking and turnaround, 14 Crandon Park Zoo Chalk's landing and take-off 2. University of Miami Marine area, heliport Laboratory 29. Pram sailing 3. Miami Seaquarium 30. Picnic islands--spoil islands 4. Planet Ocean with boat access only 5. Marine Stadium 6. Vizcaya 7. Museum of Science and Planetarium 8. Historical Museum of Southern Not shown on mapA Florida 9,@ Dinner Key Auditorium 10. Site of Noguchi land sculpture 11. Municipal Auditorium 12. Cruise- Ship Docking and Terminal 13. Port of Miami 14. Heliport 15. Chalk's Amphibious Airline 16. Japanese Garden 17. Miami Beach Kennel Club--Dog Racing 18. Artificial Reef (under con- struction) 19. Boardwalk--limited public access 20. Boardwalk--limited public access 214 Florida International University Activities 22 South Bay area is one of the major sailing areas in the world 23. Rickenbacker Causeway--tow kiting, hobie cat beach, swim- ming, sailing, hanging out 24. High-speed boat racing Uj W W > DEVELOPMENT STAGING I- 125 ST U R Change now z x Change in five years 0, Change in ten years S-T. @A 14 1 Change in twenty years qHC E 0 J E31 ST. No change Committed property Public land LE OSWY. AM C I U) Li > L sT. Uj W, @> (0 VISUAL ANALYSIS 125 ST. r UR Vehicular access only 0 z + W Pedestrian access only Z- > 4 Z* I Vehicular and pedestrian S4 access Street ending directly on Bay 0 E H C E 0 81 ST Publicly owned land S Y. 69 I Al A- ALT-T4&E ff AM C z J J < 0 ; <@: @IZ4 (W 19 I-i IMAGE ANALAYSIS PATHS A. I-95. Major north/south traffic route for Dade County. No views of Biscayne Bay. B. Bayshore Drive/Brickell Ave- nue/Biscayne Boulevard. Major north/south unlimited access route. Roughly follows contour of Bay. Very limited visual access to Bay. C. Alton Drive/Collins Avenue. Major north/south traffic route on Miami Beach. Very limited visual access to Bay. D. Major causeways: Ricken- backer, MacArthur, Julia Tuttle, 79th Street. Provide best visual access--striking views of Bay and surrounding cities. High speed travel combined with tempting views makes dangerous traffic situ- ation. E. Minor causeways: Venetian, Broad. Toll roads. Less traffic, slower speed travel. F. Intracoastal Waterway: Main north/south water route from New Jersey to Miami. Oppor- tunity for mass transit use. EDGES G. Shoreline provides major edge along mainland, barrier islands, and man-made islands within the Bay. H Brickell Avenue and Biscayne Q. Indian Creek. Very expensive 4. Watson Island. Recreation Boulevard. Provide minor single-family development on center. Yacht Club. Japanese edge as traditional differenti- private island. garden. Chalk's Seaplane ation line between bayshore Base. View of cruise ships, development and rest of city. R. Condominium Row. Heavy turning basin. concentration of high-rise 1. Indian Creek divides bayshore development on Miami Beach 5. Omni. Shopping/hotel com- and oceanfront development on bayshore (between MacArthur plex. Small commercial devel- Miami Beach. and Venetian). opment extending to north. J. Causeways define smaller scale S. Bay Islands. Man-made 6# 1 nterama. State owned. areas within the Bay. Cause- islands developed during Large, undeveloped tract. way entrances mark boundaries 1920's. Site of F. 1. U. on land. NODES (JUNCTIONS) 74 Haulover Beach. Heavily used DISTRICTS T. Rickenbacker Causeway/U.S.1/ oceanfront park. Bayf ront picnic area. Small boat access K. Downtown Miami. Bounded by Bayshore Drive/Brickell Ave- to ocean. Biscayne Bay, the Miami nue. River, 1-95, and 1-395. 8. Bal Harbour. Expensive shops U. Brickell Avenue/Biscayne attracting visitors from South L. Collins Avenue. World famous Blvd./1-95. Major intersection Florida region and Latin hotels and beaches. for downtown Miami. America. M. South Beach. Neighborhood V. Julia Tuttle Causeway/Alton 9. Miami Beach Convention with heavy concentration of Drive/Arthur Godfrey Road. Center. Business, govern- elderly residents. Major entrance to Miami Beach ment, and entertainment N. Brickell Avenue. High-rise from airport. center. development directly on bay- NODES (CONCENTRATIONS) 10. Lincoln Road Mall. Early front. Expensive condomin- pedestrian shopping mail. iums and office space stretch- 1. Rickenbacker Causeway. Major ing from Rickenbacker to Miami access area for recreational River. use of Bay. 0. Omni Area. East of Biscayne 2. Downtown Bayfront Park Not shown on map A Blvd., between Venetian and system. Bayfront, Bicenten- Julia Tuttle Causeways. nial, and possible future Concentration of older homes. link--FEC property. P. Miami Shores. Early residen- 3. Port of Miami ' Commercial, tial development. Cohesive government, and cruise ship- neighborhood. ping. 23 PROBLEM DEFINITION Disconnected, hidden waterfront. Large portions of the bayfront have been developed with single-family residences or high-rise condomin- iums effectively blocking all public visual and physical access. Isolation. Bayfront Park in down- town Miami is isolated from the office buildings by the width of Biscayne Blvd. The Park has thus become a high crime area, little used by the public. Bicentennial is designed so that no one can see into it and is an area of even higher crime rate. The land sur- rounding I-195 on the Julia Tuttle Causeway is presently fenced off, preventing public access to poten- tial recreation land. There are no vehicular exits on the Causeway. Interama has great potential as a large, undeveloped tract of public land. It is presently difficult to find with only one road leading in or out. Lack of Relation. There are sev- Incomplete, Broken Path. None of eral areas where structures at the the major east/west streets in the Bay's edge have little or no relation Miami grid system, with the excep- to the water. High-rise condo- tion of those leading to causeways, miniums often obscure the water's penetrates to the east of Biscayne edge even from residents by build- Blvd. These terminal intersections ing recreational facilities directly on are not given any special impor- the bulkhead. Waterfront office tance. Small streets leading down buildings use the shoreline for to the Bay are often difficult to parking lots. There are other find. areas of inappropriate use, such as the Miami Herald Building and the commercial use on 79th St. Cause- way, which includes gas stations, radio stations, and tennis courts. Characterless Area. Large portions of the single-family and high-rise developments have few distinguish- ing characteristics. Many other areas are distinguishable only by Characterless Path. Biscayne the fact that they are exclusive, Boulevard north of downtown is the high-income neighborhoods. major offender. It begins as an important, tree-lined boulevard but quickly fades into simply a busy street. There is absolutely no indication that the Bay lies a short distance to the east, and there are few elements giving scale to the distance one has traveled in a north or south direction. 215 TARGET SITES 1. Brickell--Several colonial mansions surrounded by natural vegetation. Site is bordered to the east by Bis- cayne Bay, and to the north and south by typical condo high-rises. These high-rise developments do not provide the best possible use of the bayfront. Site is threatened to be developed in a similar manner wiping out the man- sions and thick natural vege- tation. 2. Bicentennial Park--Undeveloped land area next to Bicentennial Park. More local commercial and residential activity needed. 3. Omni Site--Potential bayfront redevelopment area; several dead-end streets to water's edge. An established local vernacular architecture. More pedestrian and visual access to the water needed. 4. Venetian Causeway--Future residential development. 5. Turchin--Site of old marina (marina not in use). Potential redevelopment area. 6. Mount Sinai Hospital--Site is a strip of land between Julia Tuttle Causeway and water's edge. No pedestrian or vehic- ular access. Potential linear park. 7. Morningside Park--Existing GENERAL COMMENTS AND F. Residential area with a com- Park with boat ramp. Land- RECOMMENDATIONS mercial strip along Biscayne scaping and chain link fence A. Virginia Key-- Blvd. Location of Omni, a block access to water's edge. Location of retail/hotel complex, Margaret Poor relation to Bay. several marine research and Pace Park, which is little used recreational facilities. Poten - and does not relate to the 8. Legion Park--Limited access tial mangrove preserve and Bay. A rea i s experiencing f rom nearby streets. Boat bird sanctuary. haphazard growth at this time. ramp area. Area is recognized as a target B. Fisher Island--Under private site for redevelopment. 9. 79th Street Causeway- - Recre- commitment. ational island. Pelican Harbor G. Julia Tuttle Causeway has Yacht Club, boat launching C. South Beach Redevelopment been approved for public area, and an artificial reef Project--New Marina under access along the water's edge. under development. construction; on the bayside This would make Julia Tuttle existing multi-story structures similar to Rickenbacker Cause- 10. Harbor I sland-- Potential rede- form a wall along water's edge; way which has vehicle access velopment area. public and visual access to to the water all along the Bay waters nonexistent in this causeway. Rickenbacker is a 11. Treasure I sland-- Potential area. favorite for fishing, swimming, redevelopment area. small boat launching, tow D. Bayfront Park Area--Ball Point kiting, and for hanging out. 12. Broad Causeway--Site next to Project, a residential, commer- the Causeway, potential park cial and office complex devel- H. I nterama- -Mangrove preserve area. opment. Continuation of Miami area as well as location of River walk, Noguchi land Florida International University sculpture project, marina with North Campus. Possibility of waterfront restaurant, space a park on the state-owned needed for public events, park portion. Interama is a large little used, riprap needs to be open site surrounded by urban repaired. development. Keeping the area as a mangrove preserve E. Watson Island--Slated for would be a welcome relief to public recreational use. the urban fabric. Area would Located across from the Port have a "get away" appeal. of Miami and Bicentennial Park. Views of the City of 1. Haulover Park is a unique Miami and cruise ship turn- place as it borders both the around, dockage area. Land- 'Atlantic Ocean and the upper ing area and terminal of portion of Biscayne Bay. On Chalk's Charter Airboats, the ocean side is a public helicopter rentals, old Good- beach. On the Bay side is a year blimp Oase and' a Japa- parking lot to the water's nese garden. edge. Park has little or no orientation to the Bay. 27 GENERAL REC A. Rickenbacker Causeway--im- prove traffic situation (on/off access, overuse) and bicycle access. Virginia Key--Plans for camping area and mangrove preserve. B. Brickell Avenue--Target Area--Site with potential for development. C. Bayfront between Ricken- backer and Miami River--Bay- side parking lots have poten- tial for pedestrian and/or bicycle systems, waterfront pavilions, and fishing piers. Parking garages are poor use of bayfro of bayfront land. Where South Bayshore Drive meets the water, good potential for walkways, boardwalks, and D. Brickell Memorial Park area-- Improve access to park visu- ally and physcially. Claughton Island development plans include mention of perimeter walkway and marina. Brickell Point commited for develop- ment. Shoreline should be incorporated into riverwalk. Miami River--Riverwalk to be rebuilt. Will need link to Ball Point and downtown parks blocked by Dupont Plaza. E. Downtown Waterfront--Ball Point development plans in- Point cle clude setbacks with public access space. (Could mark the beginning of a pedestrian system along the Bay. Bay- L . Morningside Park--Needs S. 79th Street Causeway- -Target front Park--should be devel- articulation from Biscayne Site--Potential for redevelop- oped as an activity node. Boulevard. open up to Bay. ment. First island is publicly Improve visual and physical Re-landscape edge. Bay oriented with houseboats, access. C reate strong link rentals would tie in picnic yacht club, and artificial reef with downtown. Biscayne islands. under construction. Boulevard acts as major bound- ary. Footbridge or raised M. Legion Park--Improve access T. Julia Tuttle Causeway- -Should crosswalks needed to improve from Biscayne Boulevard. New be accessible for water-ori- pedestrian access. Miamari- graphics for waterfront parks ented activites, sailing, fish- na--Strengthen link to Bay- would enhance visibility and ing, swimming. Southeast front Park and Biscayne Blvd. accessibility. Fishing pier, corner strip has potential as a Alternatives needed to parking gazebo appropriate features for linear park. on bayfront. elderly uses. Small ferry to F. FEC Site--Target Area--Poten- picnic islands. U. Turchin Marina--Target Area-- tial for development. N. Small canal north of 79th Potential for reclevelopment. G. Bicentennial Park--Improve Street--Good example of open V. Basin between Venetian and access (especially from north) space with right-of-way left MacArthur Causeways--Vene- and visibility. Strong poten- open on canal. Potential for tian Causeway- -Target Area tial for link with new town development of public walkway, potential for redevelopment. project. (Should have clear bicycle path and fishing Basin--Ideal for small boats, visual link, imagability.) Good facilities. sailing. Islands have strong site for waterborne transporta- character, 1920's residential tion stop. 0. Linear Park--Provides good development. Potential for access to Bay with limited surrounding pedestrian/bicycle H. MacArthur Causeway to Omni-- space, serves neighborhood paths around the basin. Con- area along Biscayne Blvd. well. Form should be used dominium strip along Miami underdeveloped and in holding more often. Beach--Out of scale; should patte rn. Strong potential for relate more to Bay and incor- redevelopment. P. I nterama- -Potential for devel- porate Biscaya Hotel. Poten- opment as regional park utiliz- tial for development of small 1. Pace Park--Improve visibility. ing panoramic views of Bay. parks on empty lots. Mac- Needs shade and reduction in Arthur Causeway- -Provides scale. Local redevelopment Q. Haulover Park--Needs more good views. will increase activity. active treatment of Bayside. Good site for small boat W. Watson Island--Great potential J. Omni Site--Target Area--Poten- rentals. Needs alternatives to for active public access to tial for redevelopment. parking on bayfront. waterfront. Strong, vital character, with Chalk's Airline K. Three small parks at Julia R. Broad Causeway- -Access to and Port of Miami nearby. Tuttle Causeway-- Improve open space needs improvement. Should emphasize visual link to access, create a pedestrian Better parking for fishing pier Port and downtown. bridge to Julia Tuttle. Good needed. , Gas and trash sta- fishing site. tions not appropriate on Bay. 29 X Port of Miami--Exciting area with strong architectural form and sensitivity to bayfront. Should be maximized as vital part of city with responsive surrounding development. Y. South Beach- -Controversial area with historic buildings and elderly neighborhoods. New City Commission Hkely to oppose proposed Venetian-style development. Z. Fisher I sland- -Committed for residential development. Plans include dedication of public beach. Should preserve existing Gar Wood house. so t-A PC @P;45 TZ "MO: Student- Projects Z I T145 _rvj 21 ki- ZIJIII A Mar". 31 SALLY GINGRAS Design Description The site is located on the Bay in the Brickell area. The permitted site density is met by this solution while preserving and respect- i'nd the existing histor- ical structures with a 11step down" approach to the Bay. The smaller historical struc- tures at the Bay's edge could be used as club houses or for other functions that would provide a viable use. 32 M, 'M M, 'M'M NORTH ELEVATION RERSPECTIVE Y ANABELLE RUB Design Description W0 The site is located on Venetian P4 Causeway. This project incor- porates a series of bay vistas which are created for the passing motorist by using architectural form to "framing" of different provide a views of the Bay. Also, the linear quality of the structure responds to the quality of the causeway. 33 It I J MIKE McCONNELL Design Description '41 The site is located on 79th Street Causeway. This project demon- strates a mixed use approach with residential, commercial and office uses. The project provides a gateway to, Miami Beach and would be a focal point in the Bay. The dominant shape of the island is ref I ected in the design solution. 4@-'p 7' 7 1 pil w9r, zrx Ir x lab r @1 "FA lkjal 00 0 DOD 00 coo [10 Do 0 0 7777 :Ilk 000 0 D DODO 009 SAM ROTHMAN Design Description The site is located on 79th Street Cause- way. This project represents a high- intensity, mixed use development. The title of the project is "Syndrian" Harbor, meaning to expose to the sun (Anglo- Saxon) and is the key theme of this design. Each unit is designed to receive sunlight and cross ventilation; the build- ing form also responds to the prevailing 00 @ -Oooo southeast breezes. Public access to the Bay is provided at the ground level. 10, MASTER PLAN Presen -tly the area includes an extreme variation in the population mix from high The site is the Edgewater area bounded income to very low income. by Biscayne Boulevard to the west, the 36th Street Causeway to the north, the As redevelopment takes place, it is im- Bay to the east and the Omni Inter- portant to try to correct some of the national complex to the south. physical defects in the neighborhood structure such as inadequate access to This area is the, stretch of bayfront with the bayfront and an inadequate north/ the greatest potential for redevelopment. south axis through the neighborhood. it Over the last twenty years there has is also very important to try to preserve, been a steady increase in the population wherever possib@le, the scale of at least density in the area, as many of the some of the historical structures that original homes were carved up into tene- made this a very livable neighborhood. ments or were removed to make way for The following master plan incorporates the high-rise, luxury apartment buildings. concept of Bay access, north/south axis and preservation of historical. structures. F I WA@ r"_4 1 ![7. Ej L11 IC= OL J. Val-n, U n.4@ F_Ze @ww ANTOLIN CARBONELL Design Description This project covers the neighborhood between the two inlets 9AVI& die. in the Edgewater area. This area has already undergone ,1"&; h If. OW some piecemeal redevelopment; however, several significant historical structures remain. This design recommends changes that will provide a transition between the small scale historical structures and the existing, newer, higher- intensity development. As in the other projects, special attention is focused on opening up the waterfront, im- 0 proving the north/south interior circulation, and providing a human scale streetscape. 71, 40 (ad* w I I w F-I 4cm&; Imy MARK BERTOLAMI AND BOB COLARUSSO Design Description This design focuses on the A northern inlet of the Edge- water area. It offers a solution that integrates a variety of uses around the inlet and at the same time increases the residential 4 density while maintaining the existing residential scale at the edges. ..... ..... 42 T71@0= E@j F-I El Q E::1 n El n F--I E@ F-I Guam Dq mom a an agog a ------------- lit. look Mill LARRY FARRENKOPF Design Description This p roject focuses on the area around the southern inlet of the Edgewater area. The project provides for a north/south circulation system. The new construction has incorporated historical details and many of the existing structures have been i nteg rated into the new construction. The boardwalk around the bayfront in- cludes street lights and roof shelters that reflect the historical character of the area. Additional Bay access is provided at the water's edge and at dead-end streets through the development of docks. M2 63)_ FM F_@ .......... LL I I I I I I numl L --I FF-TT-T-1 I r-" @TMA@O 11" L 00 0 0 on 0 0 om 0 0 0 0 166 0 0 000000 w 0 LAPAMM "00 000 0 00 0 000000000 00000 0 000 ap 0 000 0 ol F-I 00000 00 Ip 0000000 0 1--3 CA 0 0 0 00 400 0 0 0 000 0on 0 o Fftb0 0 0 DB 0 0 0 0 0 or*,_ M'- 0 M"WAr@VcU#At C) 0 0 0 0 0 OV 0 0 0 000000000060000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ol .0 10 0 02 0 000 0 0000 ooo@ 0 0 0 00 00 A 0 P 000 I a 0 0000v Of 0 0 0.1 .0 0. 0 0 0 0 08 0 000 0 .00 0 00 000 Vo 00000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 00 -0@7-111Q ..000 0 0 MUM wit luk tk jow Charrette Discussion 47 4A (Professor John Steffian chaired the afternoon session which was devoted to discussion by charrette parti- cipants. JOHN STEFFIAN ly west of 1-95 is now populated by blacks, low-income whites, Hispanic This morning we had a compre- Americans and Anglos. These hensive look at the problems and groups area living near the Bay, opportunities for planning the Bay but with no connection to the environment. It is important before waterf ront. If you visit Haulover we leave this afternoon that we each during the summer you will discuss the student presentation s e buses from community agencies and whether the assumptions that bringing low-income children who were presented were leading to may have never been to the beach, some useful direction. A major in spite of the fact that they live a accomplishment of this charrette few miles away. This is one aspect should be the development of a of the problem, and another is comprehensive approach towards the Miami Beach with the millionaires planning of the Bayfront. owning expensive waterfront houses, without any concern for the FELIPE PRESTAMO characteristics of the Bay. If we are going to produce any change in I thought that the inventory of the the Bay we are going to need to area was well planned and imple- mobilize a very active political base mented, but I would like to call and we have to weigh the potential your attention to the fact that not impact of any improvement against enough attention was given to the the number of people that will Metropolitan framework. I think benefit. If we analyze the Bay as that if anything is to happen part of an overall system, we around the Bay, the areas to the should include the Miami River, the west of 1-95 will be affected. Little River and other canals which Historically this part of Miami is are water- penetration devices into divided by the railroad tracks, interior neighborhoods. These which defined a very clear separa- canals are, in fact, misused and I tion of socioeconomic groups. This wonder if in developing a compre- division was reinforced by the hensive approach to the remodeling alignment of 1-95. The area direct- of the Bay we should not include 49 the evaluation of rivers and canals. f ront study similar to the one in turn, this will expand the bene- recommended by the firm of Wallace, fits of Bay Planning. My concept Roberts and fodd who did a study is that we should concentrate more of the mouth of the river. That on these inland areas which are study recommended more urban expanding and not just on the development, while recognizing the shoreline. river as a working river. We have to recognize in terms of all action, JOHN STEFFIAN that there are conflicts and trade- offs; I think the Miami River is a This is important. The Miami River case in point. There are marine in particular is very important; it needs that have to be met, and we goes into the interior and when you may have to look at other sites for are driving along it you are amazed redevelopment. to discover how neglected and forgotten it is. It serves a com- LESTER PANCOAST mercial use, but people don't use it. This is probably true of Little In observations thus far the plan- River as well. ners are looking at the broadest picture and discussing the values of When you suggest that, you also everything that we have looked at suggest that somebody should be this morning. I would like to thinking about the possible link of react, perhaps in a predictably inland towns to the Bay through architectural way, not by way of the canal system. Miami Beach, for contradicting anything these men example, has one of the most ex- have just said, but trying to get tensive canal systems, which is aesthetics somehow in a parallel simple and yet visually imposing. position where they, also, should be considered with equal impor- JIM REID tance. Aesthetics were very much in evidence this morning in the In terms of use of the river, we student efforts to include aesthetics could put together a Miami river- in city planning vis-a-vis water- fronts. 150 I think that there are two key person who would like to improve words seriously overused by stu- the City of Miami by utilizing rural dents today that I would like to solutions and most of the results mention. they are "basically" and have been disastrous because of the whatever If you put these two unsuitability of his rural solutions words together they make a com- to urban problems. We have an plete thought which will lead you urban phenomenon to solve. Archi- absolutely nowhere: "basically, tects gravitate to the urban phe- whatever". I think these two nomena which are most expressive words should be eliminated from all of their discipline, but very often such presentations; we absorb buzz they understand the urgent need to words as crutches. I will try to balance the urban with the non- avoid buzz words in what I say, urban and become fierce fighters but I will probably not be suc- for wilderness preservation. cessful either. One of the words that I wrote down I think that economics and govern- this morning was "riprap". It is ment controls are going to have seen both in a good context and a major influence on what happens on bad one. Riprap is a cheap way of our waterfronts, as they always preventing erosion. It collects have. So much of the Biscayne flotsam and jetsam, and sometimes Bay shoreline was developed by looks like a dumping place. I have well-meaning people operating been involved in placing some of it without the kind of thinking that I in an aesthetic manner and I have hope we can generate this after- also been involved in the strenuous noon. I hope that our discussions efforts of planting mangroves among will not focus on the conflict riprap in order to make a more between the rural and the urban, natural and visually acceptable because I think that this is an shoreline. Some of the attempts eternal battle that really doesn't have been successful and some have lead to fruitful results. A lot of us been less so, but doing this work would love to live on this bay convinces me that there is much alone. I know a very creative knowledge on these subjects which 51 should be made available for prac- The development of landscape tical application. concepts' for the Bay's edge is fairly primitive in spite of the fact I question the application of bicycle that it is easily accomplished and is systems along Biscayne Bay. I am still at a relatively low dollar value still not sure I understand how compared to architectural happen- they would work. Maybe each area ings. It seems to me we have a gets a segment of a long bicycle tendency to want to rush to the system. I can grasp having a bay shore not only with buildings bicycle path system along a cause- but with the big heavy trees which way as another way of beinq on the we grow so well, and which compete water, and that helps my under- with our buildings in blocking our standing of the concept. view of the bay. So I have a contradiction within myself, wanting My strong feelings about the use of to open up spaces between build- the waterfront have to do with ings for view and air, but not blockage and hurricane protection. wanting to lose their beauty and In the beginning, everyone who shade. Trees are 11necessary could rushed to the waterfront and wonderful" things as compared to built upon it. Buildings facing "necessary horrible" things. hurricanes were a problem, but eventually they got big enough and The stepping down of building strong enough so that they could heights, toward the @ water, is absorb major storm damage in something we saw several examples exchange for the waterfront pri- of this morning. This has the vilege. Massive buildings are there great virtue of letting many units and they probably are more of a have views, but at the cost of barrier than nature ever provided dazzlingly bright terraces. The for slowing down a storm or at least project design at Harbor Island, surviving one. I believe we should although it brought up immediate think carefully about the hurricane questions of structure and realities whenever we design in a economics, did create a place of bayfront situation. focus which much of our waterfront fails to create. 52 The problem of connecting the edge anyone expected it to be and that of the Bay with the hinterland is segmented the park from the city. something we should think about. Bicentennial Park in isolation from The word canal or waterway comes downtown was an extension of the to my mind immediately, because same problem. It seems that many these extensions of the Bay are of our most important steps were highly discredited today as being taken to confound the Bay: the unhealthy in natural terms. Per- library, the new port and its haps there is no way to do away with them just as with so many imperfect things we find around us. 777'', 7, Perhaps we can improve thei r circulation. South Shore on Miami Beach is proposing to create a system with good circulation. i hope that succeeds; after all, there is no salt intrusion threat on Miami Beach. in downtown Miami an unfortunate sequence happened without anyone understanding the consequences. Downtown, which used to have its own waterfront, allowed a substan tial area of bay bottom to be filled in by the Florida East Coast Rail- way which the railroad thought would be for future commercial uses. Someone had written "PARK" on the plat, and the City won the land for that purpose; but Biscayne Boulevard came to be much more of an artery and traffic collector than bridge, the sewer plant. Miama- to the politicians who will make the rina, in spite of its troubles, decisions. pointed the way to more activity on the bay. There is one last thought I would like to touch which might be called I think that the business of making "the event". An event which would rules is difficult because in so many typify the 1920's is the Flagler cases the rules don't make sense. Monument, which caused derisive They begin generally so that they are laughter in the crowd when it was often not effective because they are projected on the screen this morn- trying to cover all of the circum- ing. And so it should; it is a little stances and do not work anywhere. spot of land out there in the very I have always promoted and pointed middle of the bay that Flagler had out the need for intelligent review. pumped up in order to build a kind Architects and planners sometimes of neo-classic monument with three get caught by the review process, women representing virtues or pro- not agreeing with or losing track of gress standing around the bottom of the intent behind ordinances, or an obelisk; but for all that making they get caught on a board of good fun of the Flagler Monument, it is a taste, getting rid of the worst and lighted object out there that ab- the best proposals and working stractly pleases without- being close toward something in the middle. I enough to really antagonize anyone. think an intelligent and sensitive It does seem to my mind to suggest review process is a terribly impor- a very crude potential of what can tant thing to create. There are be done to cause a visual event many professionals locally who will where one is needed. I am in- volunteer, certainly where intelli- trigued by the possible Picasso on gent review is most necessary. Dumbfoundling Bay. I would like There may be one site that should to not think that our society, be high density and urban and the however complex, is unable to next one that should be prevented create or agree upon events. Some from being that. Let those people of the architecture this morning was who are aware be at least advisory by way of creating events; I hope that the students who undoubtedly Developing a marina just north of have been beaten on the head for Venetian Causeway is only going to not creating a big thing anywhere place more stress on the Causeway will not lose the excitement of drawbridges. The other thing that creating an event. The possibilities we found out is that the Port of of romanticism *without giving in to Miami is the largest commercial port romanticism alone are immense. in the world. Nuclear wastes are shipped out of the Port and the MAUREEN HARWITZ proliferation of marinas around the Port of Miami and Government Cut I am going to bring us down to a just places more recreational boaters really low level. There was an in the crosswake with serious assumption that a need for more commerical shippers. Many private marinas exists. This assumption is boat handlers do not understand based on an enormously long wait- that huge freighters cannot stop. ing list at Dinner Key for boat Still they like to ride the wakes and slips. there are - constant reports of close collisions all the time. Maybe the I wonder if anyone has really architecture students should in- analyzed what that waiting list at vestigate- where we sho'uld properly Dinner Key really means. If you locate marinas - in terms of other go up and down the Bay, you will things that are happeing. in the see empty slips. Even the Jockey area. Club, which is a wonderful place for you to moor your boat, has lots JIM REID of empty slips. So what is this great need for marinas? The thing Let me give a correction; the Port is Dinner Key is one of the few of Miami is the largest cruise port marinas that doesn't have any in the world. bridges for sailboats to negotiate, resulting in a long list of sailboats MAUREEN HARWITZ waiting to get into Dinner Key. I'm sorry. 456 projects into sites that are too small -77, -,,7- 7 7-77 and aesthetically unattractive. Picking up six or ten acres of bay bottom for a marina provides an e tension of their condominium x project. It benefits their project but does not enhance the overall quality of the bay for the general public. REGINALD WALTERS Those who live in the condominium could keep their boats in the marina. That is one of the ameni- ties of living in a bayside condo- minium, having a marina and the JIM REID opportunity of keeping a boat docked there. I cannot fathom how In terms of cargo, it is miniscule. developers who want to develop along the bay wouldn't want to REGINALD WALTERS provide the opportunity of parking the boat as well as parking an I would. interpret what you said as automobile. We have shown that wanting to discourage location of there is a need all over Miami for more marinas in the Bay, or is it marinas. I think the point about mainly a concern of where they are the location is good but what about located? sailing craft? I think there is enough activity located along the MAUREEN HARWITZ bay to justify more marinas; whether these should be govern- Developers are using this need as ment-financed or privately financed their opportunity to really extend or a combination of both would have their options. They are cramming to be worked out. Let me comment on the students' work. 156 JOHN STEFFIAN them to the bay to launch them rather than space for very luxuri- Before you do that, I would like to ous yachts. This need has not ask a question about marinas be- been provided for and private cause we may not come back to it. enterprise rarely will provide this; In -the surveys of marinas, would it therefore it falls to the public to make a difference if you made a provide this. This gives rise to survey in August about the need the question (some of the students for slips for boats as opposed to may have evaluated this); do we January, for instance? have enough public land that has the potential for this kind of boat REGINALD WALTERS launching activity and for which better use could be made? Will it Actually a very comprehensive take a lot of resources to develop? survey has been done on marinas I believe that we now have suffi- and projections have been made cient land with direct access to the based upon surveys of usage. The bay that we can use. We should bay was divided for statistical then take the limited financial purposes into three sections: the resources we have and use them for south, the middle, and the north, enhancement of these lands to show and a projection of need was made. the public the opportunities which I think the community has gone exist to use and enjoy the bay. through a pretty exhaustive survey This way we should have a better of need, although this may require chance of getting more tax dollars reevaluation from time to time. Of allocated to buy and improve more course the current energy crisis of this expensive bayshore land for could have impact on boat usage, public enjoyment. what size and so forth. One of the things that this study underscored Also, what we have before us is the was there is a far greater need challenge to encourage private deve- lopers to develop or redevelop their in Dade County for boat ramps to handle the smaller crafts that are bayshore land so that the public housed on people's lots who drive be able to enjoy it too; hope- may fully we can discuss this a bit. to Omni could be used as a boat What I would like to do, with your launch ramp and serve a regional permission and keeping with our function. It also may be desirable first topic which is relevant, plan- to have it serve a more passive ning approaches and precedents for function in waterfront access and management and development of recreation. There are those kinds urban waterways, is to give our of conflicts to be resolved. Fur- resource people from out of town ther, up the Bay at Legion Park the opportunity to speak. I think the senior citizens in the area want on this particular topic they can a low activity park, they don't want really impart more to us without a lot of people coming in. It would knowing much about Dade County not be performing a neighborhood than maybe any of the other topics. function; so in terms of this issue, I would like to hear in particular there are value judgements and from Kent Watson. Let him tell us conflicts, very real ones, that have how the San Francisco Bay Area is to be resolved between users. doing, how the jurisdictional control relates to the various municipalities. REGINALD WALTERS I think getting some feel for this would be good for all of us to think I think it is very exciting to be about and talk about very prag- even close to boat launching areas matically; then Kevin Lynch, I'm and watch the activity that occurs. sure, has had some experience on I would think that elderly people how to implement these ideas, would enjoy watching this activity. whether located within the interior I don't know why they would object city or along the waterfront. to this. JIM REID JIM REID Can I make one observation before Some of them have said that they we move on? Take for instance don't want the activity. your example of the boat ramp launch. Margaret Pace Park next ISO LESTER PANCOAST a plan for San Francisco Bay which would determine what uses best There is a major commitment that relate to what types of develop- goes into the parking requirements ments and which might be permitted for boat launching facilities. It on fill and so forth. This plan was takes up two car spaces instead of adopted by the commission in 1968 one and I don't think private and among other things it recom- enterprise is ever going to meet mended assuming a shoreline band that challenge. jurisdiction. Up until that time the commission was only related to JOHN STEFFIAN filling and dredging, and not con- cerned with anything landward of the high tide line. The recommen- Would you like Kent to give us some dation of the Bay plan was 1000 insight into what he has been working on in California; what the feet while developers wanted 0 feet, experience has been and what he the compromise was 100 feet. So has been able to do? there we have it; it has been signi- ficant, even when you consider 100 KENT WATSON feet is not very much real estate. Since 1969, when the law was It helps to understand the concepts amended to make the commission under which we are operating in permanent, we have had a shoreline the Bay area. First of all, there band jurisdiction. are nine counties and somewhere over 20 municipalities around San Let me just paranthetically state Francisco Bay. It was apparent in that the real battle to create the the mid-60's, given the projection commission occurred in 1969, not in for filling, that there was not going 1965. In 1965 the idea of a tempo- to be much bay left. As a result rary commission didn't seem too of this a temporary commission was important to developers and they created in 1965 with the expressed didn't really get upset or worry too purpose of minimizing the filling of much about it until it became ap- the Bay. As a temporary commis- parent th at the conservationists sion, it was charged with preparing 159 were serious. The plan that was project falling within 100 feet of the adopted and a commission that was Bay can only have a project ap- going for permanent tenure came proved if he provides maximum out of the woodwork. There was reasonable public access consistent considerable opposition, and con- with the project. The commis- siderable controversy: those of you sioners have to make that finding who visit the Bay area will know before they can approve the permit. Emeryville and Albany as our two One reason why I couldn't come compromises. yesterday is that we had a meeting yesterday on this very issue: a Considering the 900 plus miles of permit application. - It was not as shoreline, I think it has been a easy as getting from , A to B. small price to pay. We now have a There were issues of mutual access, commission *which has jurisdiction the effect of a building that was over the Bay, including filling and outside the commission jurisd-iction, dredging within the Bay. I think etc. The discussion went on for of particular interest here is the over an hour. I think that it is shoreline band jurisdiction. Around worth knowing that we have been the shoreline the bay plan desig- reasonably effective in obtaining nates certain water related priority public access starting in 1969. We uses: port, airport, etc. There- can see the progression in the fore water related industries are chronology of the public access designated as zones in which the planning project in which we did ' a commission can only prevent activi- complete study of the shoreline. A ties that are incompatible with those resource inventory approach was designations, which were thought utilized which included looking at out in cooperation with local gov- land use, natural resources and ernments. The remainder of the visual resources to come up with shoreline, which is really most of criteria for public access and where it, is unclesignated as far as land it best belongs. However, I am not uses are concerned. Permanent trying to say that if you can't authority of the commission is such designate public access areas, you that the developer with any kind of don't have to provide them. 430 is difficult to be specific because of the varied topography of the Bay, and the various types of land usage. It's just impossible to devel- op standards, so what we did was to ta ke a general approach to A" developing guidelines. The first section relates to the kinds of public access that should be related A to various types of projects such as water, land and industrial port uses, commercial uses, residential uses and so forth. The other A section deals with the design prin- ciples for public access facilities. 4''d I noticed some of the projects this morning; conceptually they looked outstanding, but when you design a 150-foot tower within 20 feet of the shoreline, no one will go down Getting some sort of priority ap- there, because the shadow of the proach to looking at public access building mass will be so intimidat- has been a major effort. One of ing. Building design on the Bay the most valuable things that we should encourage use by a large have developed is public access number and diversity of people, design guidelines. We tried over a especially the physically handi- period of years to see if there were capped. Design should also pro- some sort of standards for develop- vide, maintain, and enhance visual ing public access. Every developer access. This is something that asks where are the setback re- became an articulated policy in the quirements? You see, he wants a Bay plan. The concept of visual little box to put his building in. It access is as important as physical 61 access. Public areas and thorough- What it appears to do is to super- fares should be connected visually impose another level of considera- to the Bay and should take advan- tion. The developer, in effect, tage of the Bay setting. Here in must also have an approval from the Biscayne Bay you have a problem Commission. Prior to this discus- that is similar to one we faced in sion, I asked Kent what his Com- San Francisco Bay, particularly mission of 25 or 28 people does. with franchise restaurants. Com- He replied they spend a lot of time mercial establishments have been in their meetings twice a month developed in the middle of asphalt actually reviewing site plans that parking lots, and windows are the staff has previously reviewed. something that you don't add unless So the Commission members are the you have to. It has been a tough ones who actually approve or dis- battle getting architects and devel- approve site plans. I can appre- opers to put windows in buildings ciate that this would consume a that face the Bay, and to make tremendous amount of time on the them compatible with the natural part of the Commission. Another features of the shoreline project question of Kent is, how does the and development. I have just high- Bay Area resolve the problem of lighted the basic principles of the jurisdiction or is it just another San Francisco Bay planning level of review with which the process. developer must contend? Right now in Dade County we have 30 check- REGINALD WALTERS points involving many agencies that a developer must satisfy before Explain to me this 100-foot juris- getting final development approval. diction which cuts across many In Dade, a single management political boundaries all around the structure is needed to coordinate Bay; does it not pre-empt each among these many regulatory agen- local political jurisdiction f rom cies, so that the developer won't be making its review? Doesn't it go shunted from one to the other. against their land use plan, against Maybe this new management entity their density regulations? could be the catalyst to get every- 62 body to get along. I don't know if BOB DAVID the San Francisco Bay Area has resolved that problem. I think that Have you had conflicts between the developer there may still face a you r agency and the separate time when he will be stuck in the municipalities? How did you resolve crossfire which could really cost them? How did you deal with them? him dearly; but the trade off, here KENT WATSON again, that we might be talking about in the Biscayne Bay Manage- We tried, for example, to impress ment Plan, is for the developer to on the separate municipalities that experience that the Metro govern- we are a state agency. If they ment is successfully attempting to want to know how they fit in ad- pull together and coordinate all ministratively, we simply say we are these many reviews and regulations, a state agency. The law has a so that the developer can go to one specific provision written into it source and deal with one entity which we remind local agencies of, even though they are responding to as needed, that if any developer many others. Maybe we have a good applies for a project in the local opportuniy here for implementing a jurisdiction and receives no action review board. within 90 days then our commission can go ahead and act on it. This KENT WATSON is sort of a stick if you will, which we try to use at our discretion. I think the major thing, as I men- tioned to you, would be to utilize BOB DAVID the metropolitan government concept that exists in Dade County. Some That doesn't remove the conflicts loosely defined authority exists and does it? perhaps it could go in the direction towards a comprehensive Bay plan. KENT WATSON The San Francisco Bay Area has multiple jurisdictions each with its No, the advantage that we have own separate interests. now is that over time, more and more agencies understand what our criteria are and the benefits. BOB DAVID There are no statutory requirements for coordination other than the one Do you every try to modify your that I mentioned about the 90 days. criteria for different municipalities, let them have a voice? JIM REID KENT WATSON On that particular question I think we have another model here that I In a word no, but we have a Bay think could be applied to Biscayne plan which is available to every- Bay and that is the one being body. It is an enforceable plan applied to the transit stations. The which is incorporated into the law county is building a tra'nsit system, so that every municipality knows with the exclusive jurisdiction over exactly what the basic criteria are. the right of way. However, the Clearly each project is subject to land around each station is being interpretation. The record has planned by the affected municipality been good for responsible, equitable under a subcontract from Dade application of these criteria. What County. The city commission acts we recommend is what is now hap- to adopt the land use plan for the pening in more and 'more cases: station. However, prior to that a where an applicant who comes in for Dade County technical review com- a project meets with us as soon as mittee submits a report on it as it he goes to the local jurisdiction. would any other major project. On a staff basis, one of the things Most differences are ironed out at .1 am going to do when I get back is the staff level. There is the ex- to explain our review process to clusive right in the legislation in designers, architects, and so forth, setting up this mechanism for the and inform them, a) of our exis- county to sue the jurisdiction if the tence, b) that these are the criteria county disagrees with the outcome. they should be looking for, and c) to come talk to us about their project so that we don't get into any conflicts. 64 FRED CALDER Development Commission is still undergoing an evolution in its I would like to redirect this to Kent understanding of that term and how because some of the planning tools it is used in a governmental set- and the concepts that the Bay ting. Back to Kent to say how that Conservation and Development fundamental concept answered the Commission uses to handle conflict need for predictability and whether and design considerations have the it resolved the conflict between advantage of being applicable to government and the users? any type of governmental setting you might envision for waterfront KENT WATSON planning. One of the things that I noticed in the students' designs The term is water related. The that was left out were designs in Bay plan identifies certain priority highly commercialized or mixed use areas of the Bay that have to have environments. There is a concept water related uses before a permit 11water dependency" which has can be issued or even be con- become synonymous with regional sidered. There is a very specific waterfront planning and helps section regarding criteria. The resolve conflict between levels of very first of those criteria is the government. If the students had one about the project being water used a highly urban environment related. It also refers to priority filled with many uses as a test area uses and addresses commercial and for their own projects they would recreational uses. Believe it or have had to grapple with the con- not, the Bay plan lists speciality cept of water dependency and the shops, hotels, theaters, and other problems of allocating shorefront similar uses as commercial recrea- uses. The agency that Kent is tion. The use of these criteria affiliated with deals with water results in minimum and optimum dependency; he used the term location of different uses. water relatedness. At one time each term meant different things So to some extent the term water and the Bay Conservation and related has finally filtered down so that the commission may end up not stringent environmental legislation permitting a project because it does in the country. While the idea of not meet these criteria. Certainly filling in San Francisco Bay may be the premise is that the bay is a negotiable, I wonder if that would regional resource and that the really be true here. It seems to me public should have full benefit of you couldn't build a canal or cut in it. Certain kinds of uses should a slip or anything like that in bring the public down to it. Com- Biscayne Bay. merical recreation uses will bring greater numbers of people to the JOE FLEMING bay than will industrial or private residential uses. If you want to find out what is negotiable, the Corps of Engineers FRED CALDER will send you free "green sheets" and they show you all the projects I know that this is a touchy issue that are proposed. In the days that has been at the center of when the Corps (and other envir- ongoing allocation problems in the onmental agencies) first got San Francisco Bay area. I submit started, the bigger the developer that the water dependency concept you were, the more you could nego- will have to be wrestled with by tiate, because you could use certain Florida cities and counties, and that parts of your property. What has we can't let our; concerns about happened now is a variation that residential development lead to a doesn't penalize people who do not neglect of other important water- have a lot of money, because they front uses. can negotiate with the public re- sources. Recently, developers JOHN STEFFIAN working in Biscayne Bay on Brickell (2101 Brickell Avenue) proposed a I would like to ask a question here building out into the Bay. They which is applicable especially in tried to negotiate an existing cul- Florida. It is my understanding that de-sac away by saying that actually Florida has probably the most they were devices for collecting trash. People have gotten to the point where they are saying that this type of area is not good for the Bay, and thus should be elimi- nated. Because in many cases developers want to fill in those areas they say that they will nego- tiate a "public donation" in other parts of the Bay. However, some low of the Corp's "green sheets" have shown that people who own cul-de- sac areas around Brickell Avenue have been negotiating on the prin- ciple that they can buy the Corps of Engineers mangrove plants and then hire someone to go out into the Bay and plant them on a spoil island. So it has gotten to the point where if you can not negotiate in certain areas because you have lost property (or plan to expand land by filling in the Bay), you "trade it in" and negotiate with the Bay is really the only open public spoil islands, and things like space left. if the property value is that. highest on property adjacent to the Bay, that tells us that (with all due When you look at environmental respect to your profession as archi- protection plans, there are possibly tects), it is not what you build, more regulations than any developer but where you build it. Thus, this would ever want; but, on the other idea of the need to protect the Bay hand, in terms of the overall pro- is the big thing. You architects tection, land adjacent to the Bay plan and design projects after is, for the most part, gone, and looking at the whole Bay, and you 67 still come to us with large build- going to continue developing with ings, I don't think you are ad- high-rise buildings whether or not dressing issues. it goes to Coconut Grove or west What you should be addressing in a over to the other side of the traffic meeting like this, in terms of the islands. It may be very pretty for those people on the Miami Beach Bay, is protection of it and access side to stay in apartment buildings to it. Someone should determine that look out (to the west). whether it is good planning to want the islands in the middle of the Bay We are not talking about rigid to block people on the shore. Loo k systems; we are talking about at an island, like Belle Island with systems that are based on people. high-rise buildings. If you live on An architect could have @really good Belle Island, it is nice; but, if you plans, and then, needing to satisfy live on the west side of Miami a client who wants to make the most Beach, and look out and see the floor area ratio, the architect would Belle Island buildings, it is not so have to go straight up and not use nice. Now if that is good planning, certain setbacks. It seems to me from the point of view of being that the architect is going to give downtown on the 40th story of a the client the best that the archi- building and having that view, and tect can in that area, but that's not that is your value judgement, then necessarily the best plan. that is fine; but that is the kind of. To suggest an analogy to our local ad hoc decision that no one has problem about marinas, (with the ;-ver:--made in comprehensive plan- argument that people need marinas ning; and it seems to me that that to sell their apartments), if we type of ad hoc, or spot by spot lived on Fifth Avenue in New York, clevelopm@_nt, is never going to and I said we need to put our cars stop. some place, and said we wanted a parking garage in Central Park, Eventually Miami is going to go they wouldn't take me seriously. north as your 'planning presenta- Yet here in Miami people say "Well, tions have said. Bri.ckell Avenue is we need to conserve our water resourcesil , but then pretend there passive than the others with boat is a right to build marinas into the ramps. The ones with boat ramps Bay. will be built in time; you don't have to worry about planning them. I think that what we are doing, Boat ramps at the end of those when we talk about marinas, is that dead-end streets would allow access we are talking about very wealthy to the Bay. The people who need a people; and they don't have a marina are the people with 40 and problem in terms of getting views 50-foot boats. Many people who are and boats. It seems to me that making under $100,000 can't get on that is the concept which most bay We water in such boats, but they marinas come closest to communicat- might be able to afford a small ing to the "poor" people of this boat, maybe a 10- or 20-foot boat, community. I don't mean poor and they can put it on a trailer and people; even those who earn over get to such a street to use the boat $100,000 are "poor" in terms of ramp access area. When that what we are discussing. I am happens there is a trade off; it saying that, when we discuss affects people who live in those 11poor" people in terms of these areas. The other people (who may projects, we are talking about be local residents and do not want people who are making a lot of ramps since they cause congestion), money now but can't afford to buy may prefer passive streets. I condominiums that start at $200,000. guess that's the thing the urban I'm talking about average people-- planners have to discuss; it seems young people and old people, who to me that such things are negoti- are coming here, and are not going able. to be able to afford to live on the Bay. Public planning is what's necessary, but by the time we get to the point Getting back to the idea of those where we can focus on the compre- public streets which come down to hensive protection for the Bay, it the Bay, one proposed plan had a seems to me it's going to be too pedestrian balcony setting more late. That is why something like this planning program is good. I don't buy the assumption that the give up the Bay's edge to the marinas are for the people, because affluent people, you ought to do it I think that most of the people openly and then make penetrations today can't afford the type of boats so ordinary people can break that use marinas. If this city is through the wall and get to the going to grow the way we all desire Bay. That's one way. Another is it to, and if it's going to have to adopt the kind of policy that San beautiful buildings along the edge Diego has been talking about which of the Bay, that's because the Bay says that the waterfront of San is something special. We ought to Diego must be open to the residents recognize it and sta rt planning of all classes of society and there- accordingly. fore there have to be different kinds of residential areas around KEVIN LYNCH the Bay. In some areas there are wealthy people and in some areas You asked me to comment on the there are none. students' work this morning, and while we are on this point I would In the San Diego case, when they like to make a few observations. are talking about low to moderate Although the general analysis of the income housing, they are talking Bay was basically good, I feel the about things that are already there. particular projects did not consider It's a matter of conservation. They or maybe could not consider the really don't have the power to build really basic public policy questions. new, low income areas around the Perhaps we should not expect them water; however, they can conserve to. However, we should address what's existing. They have the question of: whom are we adopted the policy that certain giving public access to? What parts of the city will have no high should be the policy about who density upper income buildings, in lives around the Bay? There are order to preserve the existing real alternatives, because you may moderate income houses. How is say the market is working in such a that achieved? Partly by zoning; way that we can't realistically turn zoning sets height and density. it off. Therefore, if we have to 70 JOHN STEFFIAN tions, such as who gets to live by the water, aren't addressed by the What about the buying of develop- use of this technique, although you ment rights in a system like that? do touch on the environmental quality of the water and things like KEVIN LYNCH that. They haven't done that; zoning is JIM REID the usual too[ but it's not a very powerful too[. A public body may The question of who gets to live by buy development rights in certain the water can be resolved if you areas but that means the value of consider it in terms of property tax the property is constrained and revenues which can then be used to therefore the tax assessments are supply a subsistence level of public constrained. Working in the service to other parts of the muni- market, a moderate income person cipality that can't pay their way. can pay the taxes. It can get very expensive buying development KEVIN LYNCH rights over a large area. The value of development rights is often I agree. I am not trying to tell close to that of property values. you what to do; you left part of in other cases incentives are used; the definition of an expert out. An for example, if a developer provides expert isn't just somebody who just public access to the water he can came in from more than 35 miles concentrate his development just away; he is also a person who has inland and get a much higher only been here a few hours. density. That's one technique that is possible. Another device is a Because of the Working of the 11coastal band" with very strict market and the needs for property review regulations. However, I tax revenue that you want to use know the working of the Coastal someplace else, a public decision is Commission in the San Diego area, made that the best thing to do is to and it often doesn't go deep allow the area close to the Bay to enough. Some of the real ques- be essentially rather high density for affluent people and that is 71 balanced by making public access were very worthwhile. However, penetrations every so often. there are some threads that were left untied. I would like to address JIM REID myself to two or three items that we have been talking about. Water Employment figures indicate that management basically is not much there will be 115,000 people working different from land management. in and around the downtown area in There are some very well traveled the next five years. However, the paths in water just like land. We ability of those people to buy have established land management housing in the area near downtown policies; for exampl-e, we have is severely limited. Therefore, we recognized, at least if not estab- are talking about a new town intown lished, that certain urban cores are concept to see if we can get hous- obviously entitled to higher den- ing near our parks and near the sities than other areas such as Bay where middle income people can rural areas. There are certain core live. Our economists tell us, if you areas that are very worthy of want to write down land costs and intensification in use. do a whole lot of other things including tax incentives, we may be In downtown Miami you will see that able to provide middle income hous- there are two areas that are iden- ing downtown. This kind of public tif ied as highly traveled areas. policy is not only in terms of access Bicentennial Park is part of the old to the Bay but also in having Port of Miami which is now the Ball people live' downtown, especially Point property. That was originally with the energy crisis. the traveling path of the city, coming in over Government Cut and TIBOR HOLLO then diffusing about a mile north or south of that particular area. I I enjoyed your remarks very much have some old aerial photographs and your presentation; however, I that show oil barges coming into the would like to remark on what I have Port of Miami lined up all the way seen this morning. I feel that the to where the Women's Club is lo- goals established by the students cated, waiting to unload cargo and 72 in the process drifting all over the I think that the government should Bay and destroying the bay bot- force the developer to provide toms. So our present bayfront has waterfront amenities for the public; highly traveled paths. For ex- not for the building itself, not for ample, where the Miami Herald apartments, not for single resi- building is located, there are dences. I want to talk about a barges coming in three times a week private developer who is putting to unload paper, I presume. So we commercial enterprises on public can easily identify certain bay areas access corridors. The public just as we can identify land areas should be allowed to use the water- that are worthy of intense use, and front between those corridors. As I think that they should be devel- long as the public is capable of oped with intense use in mind. I using it, provide them with the was particularly impressed with the proper type of amenities. This way presentation that showed how sterile we are not worried about whether it our waterfronts are. I am not is only the affluent who can live on bothered with the wall of buildings the waterfront, because this way on Miami Beach; I am bothered that the waterfront will belong to the no one can get onto the water. city at large and to visitors. Now of course with new development Incidentally, I think that is a very and the federal grants, anyone can important point. We are providing a walk on the water's edge. In the public access corridor with ameni- past you couldn't get the general ties at Plaza Ventian. Now I would population onto the ocean front like to address myself to population because. it was walled in by private growth. development. As you go to Miami Population growth is a fluid thing; Shores, Bay Point and to Brickell zoning tends to go hand in hand Avenue, all you see is a sterile with many things such as how many waterfront developed for the single I people live here, how willing are we resident or apartment building; it is not used by the general public to grow? Obviously this core starts living behind all those buildings. at Rickenbacker Causeway and ends at 22nd Street. This core will grow as more people come into this area. 73 More people will be able to live Very recently the Coastal Zone downtown. There is a safeguard Management Agency issued a booklet we can establish as zoning changes called "Reviving the Waterfront." take place, and changes will take A number of waterfront issues were place in the next decades. Single addressed such as those faced in residential areas, such as Brickell, Cleveland. It also addressed canals will become entitled to higher den- in New Jersey and all the other sities. I think that legislation at the efforts including the famous George county level should enable the Rockrise Plant in Seattle in 1958. waterfront to have zoning changes. The publication tends to take a As zone changes occur, the gov- very comprehensive view, a com- ernment should ensure that the best plete view and therefore finally gets economic use is made of the water- me to the point of taking the large f ront as well as insuring that viewpoint here, of designating everyone has access to it through Biscayne Bay as some sort of--I public amenities corridors. hesitate before I say the word because as soon as I do we get HAROLD,MALT certain semantic reactions. Just let me toss out a couple, such as a The comments have been leaning in scenic district, a recreation dis- a certain direction, a direction that trict, or a city image district. It I sense is one which tends to think could be whatever, but it implies of the. bay as a resource for, all. that we are now looking at a larger Also the comments seem to be entity. It also implies, most * im- moving in the direction of man- portantly, that Dade County or agement and control of the total some regional mechanism will reside resource rather than a fragmented in control. We must eventually approach to planning. We are not coordinate these fragmented juris- the only ones who are facing these dictions and resulting problems; problems. San Francisco has been somewhere there has to reside an dealing with similar problems since overview control. I am not talking the 1960's. about imposed controls which don't work, but rather I am talking about a management office which would be 74 the focal point to pull together not only the 35 clearances that w 0 u I dbe req u i red but also to provide certain clearances. it should be an entity where someone could come in with a plan that has a certain potential and be able to make the necessary trade offs to implement a project that is sensitive to its bayfront location. We can develop guidelines, but specifically the concept of setting up sectors or zones where preferential uses should be further encouraged i's an approach. Also, trade off of aqui- sition development rights and other kinds of mechanisms should be further explored. There is one last 7 177 point on this subject which I think is beneficial and important but is put it into improving the shoreline one that is pretty difficult to quan- and the Bay, we would have some tif y. We have been talking about imagery symbols that not only were the fact that people come to Miami irreplaceable but totally unique in and look at the Bay and historically the world. Let us take the Bay as it has been very significant. We our symbol and use that imagery as have not been talking about the a basis to captivate people to fact that the population will in- secure support for this notion. crease. We have been looking for something that symbolizes Miami as FELIPE PRESTAMO a desirable place to be. In the newspapers a week or two ago Let me comment on traffic data for someone suggested we build the St. a moment. If we review traffic Louis arch down here. If we took destination data between 1965 and 100 million dollars and we were to 1975 and also the year 2000 projec- 75 tion, destination of social recreation So many things have been said here trips in areas around the Bay are that I cannot summarize all of them, not increasing in terms of attracting but I would like to lead on with a more and more trips. The largest few images myself. They have of increases in traffic destinations are course banned the new poster, going to other places. It's inter- "Miami, See It Like a Native", and esting that there is no increase in we could discuss that. the number of social recreation trips ending around the bay. Only Part of the difficulties with design- the number of work trips around ing Miami in conceptual ization is the Bay is increasing. It shows that we are having trouble forming that we have been very effective in images and being able to reference blocking the Bay from the people, them to our experience. I would and as a matter of fact, one part of suggest using Biscayne Bay as government (transportation agen- Miami's Central Park. It really is cies) is now recognizing that this that if you wanted to think of it blockage is going to be more effec- that way. You see, it begins to tive in the future. I think that it have scale, it begins to relate with would be desirable to take a hard an urban area. One of the diffi- look at how many people are con- culties in Miami is that it appears to cerned with the Bay, using the Bay me that there is an ambivalence and going to the Bay for social between whether it is really going recreation. Who are the users and to be urban or whether it is not. how do they use it? Let's plan for What Lester Pancoast was talking these users. about, earlier in the urban setting, the single family house becomes JOHN STEFFIAN more of a rural tradition and less a part of urbanization. When you That is very interesting, partic- look at San Francisco, you immedi- ularly drawing those conclusions ately recognize the fact that some- from traffic studies. One doesn't one owns a piece of property in always come up with that kind of perpetuity and can do with it conclusion. whatever he likes. When you look at condominiums that are 30 stories high, you say, my God, there are 70 400 people that own that; to move Development Authority was a little that off is something that is really bit too brash. I think that the impossible and that is going to be plan is a very beautiful looking there forever and ever and ever. i plan, but they don't know how think more and more that this is many thounsands of square feet of not true, that it is a short-term buildings are out there. However, event in the life of the Bay and a if they had taken a relatively small short-term thing in the life of the area of 20 acres and made it into a city. We have to understand that model type of community and con- we are not sitting in a fixed situa- centrated some municipal dollars tion; there is a real change going. into it, you would have had devel- When we talk about rules, there are opers flocking in from all over so many games occurring that what without having to offer tax incre- we are talking about maybe are not mentation financing, without any the rules but a management pro- federal dollars, etc. So I would cess. That in a sense becomes an like to give a general direction as organization which is made up of all to where you could funnel your the municipalities, communities and efforts. This brings me to my people of different backgrounds, of favorite concept which is called the different persuasions. Through Archaic Danish ship-building tools. planning and management we can begin to know what is next. What I was hoping to do was to find if There's one more obscure idea there are directions for implemen- you'll enjoy and that is our county, tation besides the generalities that city or state is ready to make plans have been thrown out. to solve the Miami River bridge problem. The latest figures I TIBOR HOLLO heard, about a half a billion dollars, are being sought to spend That brings me to my favorite' on either bridges, tunnels, or project, which very few people non-bascule bridges; very fancy know about. I believe that Con- and costly ideas to solve the fucius was right: a journey of a problem. Most of all it would be thousand miles begins with one costly to our community-at-large step; for instance, the South Beach because the tremendous economic 77 momentum this community achieved retool themselves. The squalor that in the last decade would be inter- they are working in for a very poor rupted for another decade by living is incredible. We are think- having to go into a three to five- ing of spending 300 million dollars year bridge building program which or 500 million in building new river will divert and cut traffic on the crossings and for a fraction of that existing corridors. So let's go amount we could purchase the back to the Archaic Dan-ish ship- thirty or so ship building yards building tools. When you and I that are in that area, including the think of rivers, many times we properties, and relocate them to think of standing at the mouth of another portion of our area. This the Mississippi, thousands of miles would thereby eliminate the traffic of waterways and numerous indus- tie-ups resulting from these four- trial cities benefiting from the body hour navigations up and down the of water and barges and commercial river. All these industries could vessels going up and down. We be placed by the mouth of the dare to call our river the Miami ocean where they could be more River. It is more like a short little easily controlled so that they canal that goes a few miles in from wouldn't contribute to the pollution the sea. Sometimes it takes ships of the Miami River. The city then four hours to go the three and could take the vacated land and one-half miles in from the mouth of make a veritable waterfront paradise the river to the ship building out of it. Give it to developers or yards. Now if you address, your- develop it themselves strictly for self Ao those ship building firms public waterfront amenities. On you'll see that they are still work- both sides of the river you'd have ing with tools that are no longer ten miles of magnificiently water- used in the Danish ship building related public amentities and we yards. At the turn of the century would not have to spend as much they had already gotten rid of money as would be required to those tools. They are too archaic replace and upgrade the existing and they couldn't get anywhere bridges. We would improve the with them. The shipbuilders along quality of life in the hinterlands. the Miami River can't afford to If we could propose something like 76 this to the cities as a result of this KEVIN LYNCH conference we would have achieved something great. I would be curious to know what th6 image of the Bay is for the MAUREEN HARWITZ people of Miami. Is is really im- portant to them or do they,-think As one of the representatives of the that Miami starts somewhere back of City of North Miami, I have to say the ocean? that people there are very con- cerned about hurricanes. We have One of the things that is important done a lot of hurricane protection in San Diego is that the Bay is analysis and found that the Miami very prominent in people's minds. River is very important to the boat You hear the slogan "Return the industry and should be maintained San Diego Bay to the people of San the way that it is for hurricane Diego" and everybody says yeah protection. The people of North because they see it all of the time. Miami feel very strongly that the That's the Bay Area. Do we.call Miami River should be a working Miami the Bay Area? river. Transferring the pollution, the oil and grease, doesn't make it So I should think one of the im- go away and I view this as an portant things in talking in terms attempt to take away the livelihood of management is to begin to make of those people. people aware of the Bay and its facilities. This can be partly with TIBOR HOLLO design ideas which show you what can be done. However, also bring- On the contrary, we would try to ing people out to the Bay with improve the life of those people. environmental education programs You could improve the livelihood of and tours to observe it and maybe those people by giving them much with festival on the Bay. There better and less antiquated facilities are all kinds of devices to raise the than they are using. I think that consciousness of people. That is as to hurricane shelters and liveli- one way of building your political hoods those problems can be solved base. by facing them. 79 JIM REID HAROLD MALT What we are talking about is imple- In the matter of goals, it is only mentation, but I think we have to recently that people are saying that start at the value level. This is a there is a goal or an objective to public amenity and the public provide this public access to the should have access to the Bay. At Bay. This is a relatively recent the value level this is up front with phenomenon. If it were to be part everybody and the question is how of public policy and if then some of do you do it? In Miami, twenty- these other approaches were tied to that, it would have a way of rally- five percent of the bayfront is ingI public support necessary for a publicly owned, another fifty per- cent is single family dwellings, comprehensive approach to bay zoned R-1 and R-2. As this ur- planning. One of the things that banization ta kes place and in- might tend to build some of this creases, what should be extracted support and also work in the direc- from this public process as a whole? tion of making it a public place is I think that before you get to that to say that the shore would become question you have to accept the places for pedestrians. Much of fact that the Bay is a public the public space is not really con- resource. We want it for people ducive to pedestrian i zation; it is here and now and we want it for more of an open, passive space. the future. I live a block from the There has never been a conscious Bay on Bayshore Drive and condo- public decision to develop these miniums are at the end of the types of spaces in Miami. It is street, but someone had the fore- possible to do; other cities have sight for a twenty-five foot access done it and Miami -can do it. it for all the residents of that lot; so requires some planning and it anytime I want to, I know I have requires certain implementation, the my right to go down to the Bay and acquisition of parcels perhaps. I believe me I treasure that. Those think it has another benefit; as kinds of things can be retained as people get to use these amenities, a right for the general public. they begin to regard the Bay as their own and they become more conscious of the pedestrian scale. so I believe that would do a lot toward you seldom see people walking in some of the issues that we are many parts of Miami. It has to do discussing here, whether it is high with the activity. You don't see rise or not high rise or whatever. people walking in Coral Gables I think it will become more apparent because it is such a long walk to go for everyone. I am using this in anyplace where anything is happen- the sense of everyone--the devel- ing. Even Miracle Mile, which is oper, public agencies and the like; the economic bastion of the city, is appropriate building scale would split so that peopl,,e walk on one become readily evident because side and not the other. Because it everyone could see where the sun is such a wide street people don't is blocked. Everyone can see cross regularly. Shops do well on where there is absolutely no scenic one end but not on the other. access or physical access that can Back to the river again; the fact be used. I am suggesting pecles- that people are doing real work is a trianization. really much more interesting thing to watch in many cases than people JOHN STEFFIAN who are learning how to play. I think that is very significant in The Miami River discussion tends to making public space work. Now focus on a couple of perceptions Kevin was asking very early this which seem very important; that morning, as we drove across the would be good for pedestrians; it is causeway toward the beach, "What something you would like to walk are those ships up there?" and I along. There is a lack of shade; said, "Well that is part of the Port but then there is a lack of shade of Miami." He said, "But you know all over the southern part of Flor- it is really too bad because there ida. In consideration of having are fences there." people places, we always forget about shade and so they don't KEVIN LYNCH work. Miami Beach is the only place I know of where you see The City of Helsinki has one of the people walking; you seldom see finest waterfronts in the world people walking in Coral Gables and because of reasons I don't know. 81 For whatever reason, the shipping we are running out of those neigh- is still right in the center of town borhoods. This is an effort to plan and people can walk right along for the next twenty years. these big. ships and see the un- loading process and so on, plus the If you turn your television on, you fishing boats; also the open air see ads, for example, for Village of markets are right there and so on. Kendall, and you move out to this place--you have tennis courts and JOHN STEFFIAN everyone is very i so I ated and people don't really walk a lot and This is something that Miami used because of air conditioning people to have because I have seen old stay indoors. The thing of it is postcards. that the community grows and the architecture changes. The people, HAROLD MALT however, get cooped up in those larger buildings because they want One of the best statements con- to be in those central areas. We nected with Watson Island is that are going to have to come back to they should put bleachers on Wat- this. Perhaps it's a mistake to get son Island so you could go down excited about Central Park analogy and watch the cruise ships. because in protecting Central Park, New Yorkers don't say Central Park JOE FLEMING is our Biscayne Bay. One of the questions about what We need to recognize that develop- people want to do is answered by ment is going to continue; hope- the fact that they tend to move to fully, there are going to be crea- the water side "neighborhood" tive approaches that are possibly developments in sort of a search for going to be used. As an example, a recreational attitude and setting. certain types of canals are possible No one has ever really regarded now, others are not. The City of any such local bayside community as Miami Beach representative could related to the overall community. comment on this more. With the The value of this committee is that exception of a recent election, Miami canals (marina type canals). I think that is one of the problems that should be discussed on the Beach side and as we go west of Biscayne Bay. The best thing to do is to start with the assumption that west of Dade County there are water con- 4 trol areas which people can't devel- op; and east of Miami Beach there is the ocean, so everyone is coming together; and we are going to be like New York or Boston. We, therefore, should protect the Bay as our open area, a unique re- source under stress. LESTER PANCOAST I would like to address the success Beach, up to maybe last month, was of design review boards in the City committed to having the most phe- of Miami. Some of it is psychic nomenal, labyrinthine canal system victory, I am afraid, but some of it ever known in this area. They is meaningful. I never thought I were taking the whole southeast wasted a single moment there even part of the Beach and making it when we lost because at least we into canals. Their argument was were engaging in a battle, which that although this area was sur- before we had not. The other rounded by water, that didn't problem was that we were the only count; they wanted water inside the design review mechanism for the p roj ect. Although they could have City of Miami for several years. AOL" @ probably made pools, that didn't When there was a new kind of count either. They wanted real problem they gave that to us also, and we began to meet very fre- By appointing to that panel the quently. Each time was interest- head of RTKL, a couple of local ing. Each time was a struggle. architects, an engineer and also a Each time was worthwhile, but it political figure (involved citizen) it began to become quite a lot for would not make it completely pro- some of us who were trying to run fessional, but it had some other businesses at the same time. I type of representation and that would say that the definition of worked out quite well. The range scope is important no matter how of discussion for the panel in many of these groups are set up. Cincinnati was very good. HAROLD MALT JEAN EVOY There is another model which might I think that the design review not be directly transferable but I board concept is a very interesting am thinking about the situation in one, but I would like to try and the cities of Cincinnati and Balti- get us back. If we could return to more, where RTKL was very in- the more immediate kinds of things, strumental in developing a central I would like to pose a hypothetical business district land use plan. question: If I had a million dollars The nature of the development of to spend today on improving access the plans was such that a great to Biscayne Bay, what would you deal of community participation, have me do with it? political involvement in the process, and constant review of urban de- JOE FLEMING sign plans was required, so that when the plans were approved by I suggest that what you do is use the Commission almost simultane- the money on the Julia Tuttle ously an ordinance was passed Causeway; where you have open fill accepting that urban design plan as land adjacent to the roadway, make the conceptual scheme. At the some extra lanes just for buses same time an urban design review (and not allow cars in there), and panel was established to monitor it. also develop a system where you 84 could have mass transit take people but we would have to fill it to use out there. So you would be pro- it; that is what destroys it. viding access without making it like Rickenbacker Causeway, and get- There was once a cartoon about a ting people upset--and having the certain famous tourist place in Paris interstate highway people saying where the people were looking out; you can't put them out there. By and the tourists' tape recorder was using those existing open areas, going and it was saying: "You are you would have a place where now in this building, overlooking people could go and see the Bay. the most beautiful view of Paris and You could also make people advo- the only unobstructed view of cates of the Bay by using those Paris, which is due to the fact that dead-end streets for viewing or it is not obstructed by the building small boat access, and things like that you are in". Take those that. islands by the Julia Tuttle Cause- way and take those dead-end Then you should set up projects streets, and then fix them up; and where planning departments and the just let the people do the rest. University work together and find out what other communities have The economy is out there just done that enabled people to enjoy pushing everything up on Biscayne the waterfont. Figure out what you Boulevard. It is my experience, have here. Stay away f rom the with the City of Miami, that it idea of trying to develop the ad- really doesn't matter what your vocacy for the Bay by doing the zoning plan is. When the devel- human construction thing and opers get there, and buy the building in the Bay. property, people start turning over the process. Let me point out that the Bay was made by man, and he has made I find that planning departments enough of it. It might be nice to never stop things from happening-- put something in the middle of the especially a bad project. They may Bay to look out on from the Bay; alter it, they affect it, but all of as these regulations basically are put JOHN STEFFIAN into the laps of people. What the planning departments should be I think building without a client is doing is proposing ideas like the great; I love it. bus lanes, and like finding areas such as the students have done in JOE FLEMING this project. Also maybe, some- times going to people who are not Well, she gave me a million dollars. advocates and going to the school I'll be frank; that might be a good systems where you have people who hypothetical figure, but you may aren't represented who may have a need a billion dollars nowadays with fresh outlook on what you have. the energy problems and so forth. Now I am not saying that I agree KEVIN LYNCH with everything that everyone did in these projects shown here, but it You could do it without a million was one of the few times where I dollars and the way to do it is to have heard people propose projects organize some education about the where they were not representing a Bay- There is really a lot about specific developer who was telling the Bay, its wildlife and history; them what he wanted. Our plan- we just need to make people aware ning system is not too good; it of it. needs architects for the public and for the Bay. I think it would be JIM REID nice to do a study on what is good in the Bay and what you want, in We would be very much interested terms of the islands that are out in working on a demonstration there. Some of those are resi- project in the Edgewater area. I dential and, maybe, there is a place think one thing that is important where the zoning people can or about the whole problem with the should hold the line. Bay and how to get a better com- munity is to show what can be done. It has been my experience in public policy making that you One of the things that could be have citizen groups which are done to increase community interest economically interested and you in the Bay is to contact a lot of have policy makers and at some local groups like PACE that provide point you have to join the circle as a lot of free concerts and get them to what steps to take and where to to do some concerts on Watson go. Lester and I have had the Island. There are a lot of things experience of working with the happening there that so many business people, the city and people don't even know about. If county policy makers, people who more people become aware that the represent citizen interests as a Bay exists, they will tend to use it whole and bringing all the solutions more. up for discussion. I think that the joining of the circle in terms of the BOB DAVID process plan is absolutely essential. it is all well and good for us to I would like to pick up on what Jim talk about it today, but the Dade was saying, in terms of accomplish- County Commissioners will have to ing something that will really be vote on this and so will the City of supportive and successful as a Miami Beach. They have to be at concept or as a means of approv- the table with all the interests that ing, recognizing and enjoying the come into conflict when you try to Bay. I think it really has to be do somethingthis ambitious. done in a cooperative effort of all of the government agencies, and MIKE McCONNELL not just government agencies but special interest groups as well, that I have a point along these same have a concern about it. lines in regards to trying to make people aware about the Bay. it has to be done as "complete People take the Bay and bayshore circle" for it to really work and for granted; it is there and nothing accomplish whatever goals we come exciting ever goes on there. up with. I would like to point out, however, that there should be a 67 way of representing all of the them. I think that knowing native people involved who have vested vegetation well enough and being interest in the Bay. able to get it we could endow those islands with a lot more pulchritude SAM ROTHMAN than nature has been able to do by itself. Hurricanes will batter them, Talking about closing the entire there is no question about that, but circle, it might work on a long-term this shouldn't be an excuse not to basis but something immediate could make them as nice and as inviting be done if we look at MacArthur as possible.* I didn't mean to make Causeway; for example, the south- them bigger, because they would bound lane could be widened to begin to fill in the Bay; I identify accommodate a bike path which very much with what Joe said. I could be a more immediate solution. think that those spoil banks should be so attractive that people might LESTER PANCOAST see a reason for treating them better. I have something that I would like to use the one million dollars for. HAROLD MALT I am not sure it is the best way to use it, but it certainly is a highly Along that line, if we take $50,000 visual one. Aside from getting back from the million and declare a people there, I would like to take Biscayne Bay Day in which some of the million dollars and approach the the things that. have been said here little islands which are much more are put into practice, we could turn important visually than most of us that one day into a community event have mentioned. They were of which would help create a constitu- course produced when channels ency aware of the Bay. were made and there is some good natural growth upon them. Some of JOHN STEFFIAN them are big round buttons of mangroves, often with birds. Then It would be great to have them walk there are those that are just sand down the streets to the edge of the and don't have much of anything on water and get on a ferry and take them somewhere. JIM REID would be nice if we could have some type of direction. Could you think That is a good point, though, to of a way for us to work together? have an annual Bay Day. JIM REID FRED CALDER I think we would like to see plans The President has proclaimed this translated into land use controls. the year of the coast. So we have We are very much into local plan- a Coastal Alliance in Washington ning at the local level. I do feel that is made up of a diverse num- that the Bay as a whole needs plans ber of environmentally concerned and ideas that fit a holistic per- groups and they are prepared to ception--of what is or isn't done. help organize this. It might be a good idea to have the policy com- My point is that having a holistic mittee start working on that idea. view, having a critical outside evaluation group, and having an a priori, unrestrained view of what is JOHN STEFFIAN usuable is very good. We really only have a few minutes FRED CALDER I eft. Could we spend a minute and see what the University or the in terms of this project, the Uni- Department of Architecture could do versity people did a very good job. with the county and the various Their site specific analyses and cities to continue with this? Maybe proposals were done at a level of we can build bonf i res, make detail appropriate to the problem of posters. What could our collective access around the Bay. Designs, role be with the resources we have such as the one addressing access in our Department? Because I opportunities at streets which end think that the students haven't at the Bay, are helpful and spur gone through this. I have not further solutions. Yet, the stu- gone through this. This has given dents made a contribution which us another level of awareness. It surmounted their site specific work; they provided a vision of the total FELIPE PRESTAMO Bay for our future work. Yes, the Rosenstiel School of Marine JIM REID and Atmospheric Science did a complete analysis of Biscayne Bay two years ago. There were about I would like to take the ideas that f ifty papers dealing with every have been generated and get an possible aspect of the Bay, water outside consultant and have him circulation, water quality, marine work on translating them into plans life, etc. The entire work was for the City Commission. I think published and is probably the best that there is an initial level where inventory that we have on the Bay. the unbridled concepts can be useful but I think that there is a GARY GREENAN point where you have to get into the public decision making process We never moved toward implementa- even more. tion; that's one of the problems; a conference is held and then two FRED CALDER weeks later everyone forgets about I am speaking sort of selfishly. it. There are areas around the state JEAN EVOY where I . can apply eng.ilneer,ing; I don't like to see only consultants We've used that as the basis for work on this. What I saw today was everything we've done. Essentially very good. It showed imagination. that work is being updated. It showed that you don't have to be led every step of the way. REGINALD WALTERS KEVIN LYNCH One of the problems that I men- tioned before the break; this com- Are there other areas where the munity does not want to spend the University would be useful? kind of money for planning that it takes to mobilize the various ideas so that we are coming up with. The tioned has been allocated over the only reason that we are here today next two years by the state is for is that there were a few bucks restoration, not planning. This is available to do some planning, very just a drop in the bucket, but it is f ew. I really compliment the Uni- the kind of thing that we want to versity on its effort. But really, make the most of. We have approx- you go to this community and you imately $50,000 in coastal zone talk about wanting money for plan- funds and those monies were the ning and they say: We don't want ones that were channeled into the to spend money for planning. We $5,000 that were used for this want to spend money for implemen- project. That is why we have been tation. . The planners then go concentrating on the urban water- -omeplace else. It is this kind of front, so we are having to parlay attitude that is built into this three different budgets from three community. When we heard that governmental agencies to get this the Bay Area had thirty on staff, planning project off and running Jean almost fell off of her chair. for one year. Unless we generate Thirty people just concentrating on enough interest this year to get the the Bay Area? I said yes, that is state, and maybe Dade County, to the kind of money that people who continue to support this kind of are sincere about these things are planning project, there won't be willing to spend. Can you imagine planning money next year. It is Dade County allocating thirty people darn tough to convince anyone that just to deal with the Bay from a in these tough governmental years planning standpoint? This is al- where the emphasis is on services, ways an uphill battle. There are when you have $1.00 left over you so many people in this community only spend it on police and fire. ready to keep them from wheeling And even if you don't have it left and dealing. This is one of our over you take it from planning and basic problems in Dade County. spend it on police and fire. That For years we have talked about the is what we are facing. That is the need for a Bay plan. By the way, basic problem. the million dollars that Jean men- JOHN STEFFIAN I think we better close now. I am very appreciative of everyone's time to come here today. It has been a great boost to the whole idea that there has been and that there should be people who can work together and that something will come from this. The commitment and the excitement that I feel about the ideas here, are something that can stir us to go on whether we are funded or not, because it seems so necessary and your presence here will certainly be known. I under- stand the Miami Herald was here today and we hope that they push it hard and fast. Your presence certainly helped us get this off the ground. Thank you. $4, 92 t"A, F "'Ala 77, oe' 93 CONCLUSIONS d Causeways- -wherever possible, provide RECOMMENDATIONS RESULTING FROM THE bike paths, picnic areas ' boat ramps and CHARRETTE DISCUSSION other similar uses along the public Following are the suggested methods recommended right-of-way. by the charrette participants and students for in- e. Canal Outlets- -utilize the areas as public creasing general. public awareness of Biscayne Bay access points. and for increasing public access to the Bay. 4. Create a constituency for the Bay. Increase 1. Create a board to review all projects within a public awareness of the Bay and the recre- certain distance of the Bay. ational and economic benefits it provides through "Bay Day" celebrations, parades, 2. Enact zoning that would encourage developers clean-up campaigns, TV spots, etc. Empha- to provide public visual and physical access. size the Bay as an economic and tourist Utilize commercial zoning and mixed-use cate- amenity. gories to increase public access. Discourage parking lots, gas stations, dumps, trash It was generally agreed that because the bayshore transfer stations, and other similar uses along is highly desirable real estate, it is best to rely the bayf ront. upon market forces which will result in the use of 3. Make better use of existing publicly owned the shoreline for high density development. However, shoreline developments should incorpo- bayfront property: rate ground level physical and visual access to the a. Dead-end Streets--locate fishing piers, Bay. The funds generated in property taxes boat ramps, viewing areas and other could then be used to improve public access either similar uses on these 'public rights-of- at existing or new parks. Simple low cost vest pocket parks should be created along the bay way wherever feasible. shoreline and along canal or river fronts. b. Linear Parks--create linear parks where At the time of publication of this report, Dade public rights-of-way parallel the Bay. County was in the process of preparing ordinances that reflected many of the suggestions made at the C. Existing Bayfront Parks- -encourage charrette, including adoption of the "Proposed additional public amenities which woulc Biscayne Bay Management Plan," creation of a Bay attract more visitors. Improve public Management Committee and provision for public Bay access across Biscayne Boulevard. access. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Appreciation is extended to the students and the charrette participants for their major contributions in this effort. In addition a number of individuals Gary Greenan (Associate Professor, Department of devoted considerable time to preparing for the Architecture and Planning, University of charrette activities, including: Miami)--for his efforts in coordinating the student work. Allan Bly (Assistant Director of the Dade County Planning Department) --for initiating and John Steffian (Chairman and Professor, Department coordinating the project between the Univer- of Architecture and Planning, University of sity and the Planning Department. Miami)--for his efforts in coordinating the University's responsibilities for the charrette Fred Calder (Office of Coastal Zone Management of process and for moderating the charrette the Florida Department of Environmental discussion. Regulation)- -for his coordination between the State and Dade County and for his encour- Reginald Walters (Director of the Dade County agement and support in using students in a Planning Department)- -for his interest and new planning technique for coastal zone involvement in developing this relationship planning. between the University and the Planning Department. Jean Evoy (Director of the Biscayne Bay Manage- ment Project)--for her major contribution as Carl Weinhardt (Director and Supervisor, Museum the originator of the charrette concept and Division, Dade County Parks)--for his gener- for her ongoing assistance throughout the ous contribution in providing Vizcaya as the process. environment for the charrette. REPORT PREPARATION Under the direction of Gary Greenan, Antolin Carbonell coordinated the preparation of the graphics and layout for this report and Simon Ruderman assisted in the review of the text. 1 3-6 0001006 111