[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                       FY 191             Task 69

                                                                                 I     uct


                                                                                    93






























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                                                                     SEIRRY HAS SOMETHING SPECIAL
                                                              BUT YOU CAMT GET THERE FROM HERE
                                               ONT ACCESS
                                RECREATION PLAN
                                        SURol."'RY                                         00,;

                                                 VIRGMA


                                        EARTH DESIGN ASSOCIATES, INC.







                                                                                                                           ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS:


                                                 "This study was funded, in part, by the Virginia Council on the Environments Coastal Resources Management
                                            Program through Grant #NA170ZO359-01 of the National Oceanagraphic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of
                                                the Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, under the Costal Zone Management Act of 1972 as amended."

                                                                                                                             Advisory Committee Members:
                                                   Mr. Victor Lui, Community Development Planner, Carter Planning District Commission.
                                                            Ms. Danette McAdoo, Park Manager, Senior, Chippokes Plantation State Park.
                                                                                                 Mr. Ervin Jones, Director, Parks and Recreation
                                                              Ms. Angela Y. Hopkins, Planner 1, Department of Planning and Development.


                                                                                                                                               Contributors:
                                                                                                   U S Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District
                                                                                                                                 Is
                                                                                                                          U S F' h & Wildlife Service
                                                                                                             U S Environmental Protection Agency
                                                                                         Commonwealth of Virginia, State Water Control Board
                                                                       Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries
                                                                                    Commonwealth of Virginia, Marine Resources Commission
                                                                       Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Conservation & Recreation
                                                                                     Commonwealth of Virginia, Division of Historic Resources
                                                                             College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science
                                                                                                               Chesapeake Bay Executive Council
                       11 04,                                                                     Chesapeake Bay Local Assistance Department
                                                                                                                      Chesapeake Bay Commission
                                                                                                        Chesapeake Regional Information Service
                                                     A                                                             Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay
                                                                                                               Carter Planning District Commission
                                                                                                                    Lower James River Association
                                                                                                                                         Virginia Power
      cv)
                                                                                                                             County Board of Supervisors:
                                                                                                                                        Mr. Ray Peace
                                                                                                                                 Mr. Charles Savedge
                                                                                                                                     Mr. Walter Hardy
                                                                                                                                 Mr. Reginald Harrison
                                          7 -
                                                                                                                                    Mr. Joshua Shears

       too                                                                                                                   County Planning Commission:
                                                                                                                                    Mr. John Brock, Jr.
              @'W
                                                                                                                                    Mr. Thomas Hardy
                                                                                                                                    Ms. Gabriella Clark
                                                                                                                                 Mr. Kenneth Holmes
                                                                                                                              Mr. Theodore Lunsford
                                                                                                                                    Mr. Buddy Sheckler
                                                                                                                                Mr. Harold Thompson
                                                                                                                                    Mr. Giron Wooden
                                                                                     Y                                           Mr. Charles Savedge
                                                                                                                                       Ms. Eunice Gay
                                                                                                                                    Mr. Richard Stuart
                                                                                                  ?
                      EPA RtD BY@',
                  PR
                                                                                                           @-Terry D. Lewis, County Administrator
               EARTH
               DES'
                               - I
               AS                IMES, INC.
               NEAVILS M.IL,    ASANOVA, VIRGINIA 22017        703 347-9330
               LANDSCOE ARCHITECTURE                                   LAND USE PLANNING                             ARCHITECTURE














                                                         List of Abbreviations



                                                         ADA           Americans with Disabilities Act


                                                         BMP           Best Management Practices

                                                         CBYCC         Chesapeake          Bay Youth
                                                                       Conservation Corps

                                                         DPRR          Division of Planning and
                                                                       Recreation Resources


                                                         MLW           Mean Low Water


                                                         RMA           Resource Management Area

                                                         RPA           Resource Protection Area


                                                         RV            Recreation Vehicle


                                                         SEAS          Shoreline Erosion Advisory Service

                                                         SWMA          State Wildlife Management Area

                                                         VIMS          Virginia    Institute  of    Marine
                                                                       Sciences


                                                         VMRC          Virginia     Marine     Resources
                                                                       Commission


                                                         VOF           Virginia Outdoors Fund












                                                       Glossary of Terms and Phrases

                                                       Dredging - The removal of mud or silt from the
                                                       bottom of a body of water.

                                                       Flood Plain - All land areas which are subjected
                                                       to inundation by waters of the one-hundred-
                                                       (100) year flood.

                                                       Intertidal - Area on a shoreline between mean
                                                       high water and mean low water.

                                                       Resource Management Area (RMA) - Lands
                                                       which, if improperly used or developed, "have a
                                                       potential for causing significant water quality
                                                       degradation or for diminishing the functional
                                                       value of the RPA."


                                                       Resource Protection Area (RPA) - Sensitive
                                                       lands at or near shorelines that have "intrinsic
                                                       water quality value due to the ecological and
                                                       biological processes they perform or are
                                                       sensitive to impacts which may cause significant
                                                       degradation to the quality of state waters."

                                                       Subaqueous - Areas of land which are
                                                       submerged in water.

                                                       Tidal Flat - Generally, a vegetated wetland.

                                                       Tidal Waters - Waters which are affected by
                                                       tides, especially in rivers. Areas of submerged
                                                       lands which are affected by the tides.

                                                       Tidewater - The geographic area between the
                                                       ocean and the Piedmont or fall line.


                                                       Wetiand - Land areas which are flat or nearly
                                                       flat and marshlike and are affected by tidal
                                                       influences.
















                                                               Introduction                                   1




                                                        11.    Existing Conditions/ Analysis
                                                               0 Population/ Demographics/
                                                                 Accessibility                                6
                                                               0 Existing Waterfront Recreation             13
                                                               - Land Use/ Ownership/ Zoning                29
                                                               - Historic Resources                         33
                                                               - Scenic/ Visual Resources                   38
                                                               - Environmental Resources                    40
                                                                     Subaqueous/Marine/Shoreline            42
                                                                     100-Year Flood Plain                   47
                                                                     Steep Slope                            49
                                                                     Erodible Soils                         51
                                                                     Wetlands                               53
                                                                     Natural Area Resources                 55
                                                                     Resource Protection Area               59



                                                        111. Evaluation
                                                               - Potential Recreational Activities/
                                                                 Resource Compatibility                     62
                                                               - Recreational Activity Requirements         65



                                                        IV. Recommendations
                                                               ï¿½ Overall Recommendations                    94
                                                               ï¿½ Opportunity Area Recommendations           100
                                                               - Implementation Strategies                  134
                                                               ï¿½ Funding Sources                            136







                                                                                       CONTENTS













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                                                                                                                                        1. INTRODUCTION











                                                             INTRODUCTION


                                                             Rich in history, reaching back to the very beginning of
                                                             this country, rich in natural heritage and beauty, and
                                                             rich in its African, European and Native American
                                                             cultural heritage, Surry County, as touted, is truly
                                                             "something special." One very special aspect of Surry
                                                             is the presence of the James River and its tributaries
                                                             which present a wonderful recreational resource.
                                                             Unfortunately, since the early settlers sailed over to the
                                                             Surry side, this resource has become less and less
                                                             accessible to the people of the area. And, today for
                                                             most residents, you really "can't get there from here."

                                                             Fortunately, some insightful individuals in government
                                                             have    recognized these          inadequacies and
                                                             commissioned this study, which will guide the County
                                                             in providing residents with the future opportunity of.
                                                             experiencing the river, much as the early settlers did,
                                                             and    enjoying    other    modern-day        recreational
                                                             opportunities that are only obtainable through water
                                                             access.


                                                             The lack of access to the water is not unique to Surry
                                                             County. In Virginia, less than one percent of the
                                                             waterfront is publicly owned and accessible to State
                                                             residents. In Surry County, the percentage is much
                                                             higher; however, that does not translate into more
                                                             accessibility, as is explained later.

                                                             Aside from its legal authority, when you consider the
                                                             impact of waterfront recreation on the environment, this
                                                             role is indeed an appropriate one.

                                                             As   population    grows,     pressure     on    sensitive
                                                             environmental resources increases and the threats of
                                                             pollution and environmental degradation are on the
                                                             rise, every action which has a potential effect on the
                                                             environment must be planned to minimize its impact.
                                                             Wherever possible we must create a relationship
                                                             between land use and the environment which is in
                                                             harmony and balance.







                                                                -2-









                                                         Because of the high value and very sensitive nature of
                                                         wetlands, stream systems, estuaries and other water
                                                         related environmental resources, planning is essential
                                                         for uses such as recreational access, so they are truly
                   Sun                                   environmentally compatible. Thus, creating a symbiotic
                                                         relationship between the environment and facilities
                                                         which meet the water-related recreational needs of
                                       Carnivores        Surry County residents has been the guiding principle
                               nivores                   in this planning effort.

                                                         The plan has been developed as a strategic plan which
                                   Herbivores
                                                         identifies a wide variety and range of opportunities and
                                                         strategies for pursuing these opportunities. Rather than
                                                         focusing on specific sites which may or may not
                 Or anic Ma.erial                        become available, the plan has identified many
                                                         It opportunity areas" which, when the County establishes
                                     06COMPMers          there is the need for a facility, the opportunity can be
                                                         pursued. Simply stated, this study creates a context
                          Nutrients                      within which future decisions about waterfront
                                                         recreational activities and facilities can be made.

                                                         The planning process began with gathering information
                                                         about existing conditions including population,
                                                         recreation, land use, road- access, and inventories of
                                                         existing historic, scenic, visual, and environmental
                                                         resources. This information Was analyzed and
                                                         evaluated with an eye towards determining potential
                                                         water related recreational activity areas and evaluating
                                                         resource capability. Performance guidelines were then
                                                         established and typical schematic plans prepared for
                                                         guiding future planning. Finally, areas of opportunity
                                                         were identified and strategies for implementation
                                                         recommended.

                                                         In the early stages of the study an advisory committee
                                                         of individuals representing recreational and planning
                                                         interests in the County was appointed. The committee
                                                         met periodically during the course of the study and
                                                         gave direction to its development and content. At two
                                                         important decision-making junctures, presentations
                                                         were made to the County Planning Commission and
                                                         input was received from individual commissioners as
                                                         representatives of the citizens of Surry County.








                                                            -3-








                                                       The Plan was prepared with a matching grants from
                                                       the Virginia Council on the Environment (COE).
                                                       According to Executive Order Number Fifteen (90)
                                                       issued by the Office of the Governor of the
                                                       Commonwealth of Virginia, the COE has the legal
                                                       responsibility of monitoring all state actions which
                                                       affect coastal resources. In addition, the COE is the
                                                       lead agency for the implementation of the Virginia
                                                       Coastal Resources Management Program (VCRMP).
                                                       The VCRP was created in response to the
                                                       requirements    of the     Federal   Coastal     Zone
                                                       Management Act (CZMA) which assists individual
                                                       states with resource management improvement grants
                                                       and other monies.

                                                       On January 21, 1993 The Plan was presented to,
                                                       reviewed and unanimously accepted by the Surry
                                                       County Board of Supervisors.

































                                                         -4-





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                                                                                                                                                      Il. EXIS'%TI&N"G
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                                                                          EXISTING
                                             CONDITIONS/ ANALYSIS

                                                                Population/ Demo   graphics
                                                            Roadway/ Waterfront Proximity
                                                            Existing Waterfront Recreation
                                                             Land Use/ Ownership/ Zoning
                                                                      Historical Resources
                                                                 Scenict Visual Resources
                                                                 Environmental Resources












                                                             EXISTING CONDITIONS

                                                             Surry County is located in the southeastern
                                                             quadrant of the state and encompasses 306
                                                             square miles. Physiographically, it is located in
                                                             the tidewater province of Virginia midway
                                                             between the Atlantic Ocean and the fall line.
                                                             Approximately half of the county is in the James
                                                             River/ Chesapeake Bay watershed. The other
                                                             half drains into Blackwater Creek and eventually
                                                             into the Chowan Basin and on to the Atlantic
                                                             Ocean in North Carolina. Since the James River
                                                             and its tributaries offer the greatest potential for
                                                             water-related recreation-and also the greatest
                                                             potential for environmental impact, the focus of
                                                             this study is within the James River watershed.

                                                             Within this watershed there are approximately
                                                             75 miles of water frontage on the James and its
                                                             tributaries. The terrain i@ level to generally
                                                             rolling,  and generally steepens when
                                                             approaching waterways. The "high, ground"
                                                             ranges from 93 feet in the eastern end of the
                                                             county to 120 feet in the western part. The low-
                                                             lying areas are at sea level at the waters edge.

                                                             The River was the area's lifeblood in the
                                                             colonial era, but in later years it has served to
                                                             isolate and to protect Surry from the growth and
                                                             development which has taken place in other
                                                             a
                                                              reas of the state, including the north bank of
                                                             the James. This is due largely to the absence of
                                                             a direct highway link to the north shore, limiting
                                                             highway transportation.

                                                             Although Surry enjoys most of the advantages
                                                             and conveniences of Twentieth Century life, in
                                                             some respects it has been "frozen in time" and
                                                             its natural and historical heritage have not yet
                                                             been seriously violated as they have in other
                                                             areas of the state. Some would argue that this
                                                             has caused economic hardships in the county,
                                                             while others would be quick to point out that it
                                                             has prevented the county from destroying its
                                                             most precious resources. Regardless of which


                                                               -6-








                                                          viewpoint one chooses, the only relevant issue
                                                          is management of the county's present-day
                                                          resources and     opportunities. In this study,
                                                          waterfront recreation opportunities are the focus
                                                          of attention.


                                                          In this section, existing conditions which have a
                                                          bearing on waterfront recreation are recorded
                                                          and analyzed. These conditions and their
                                                          general significance are as follows:
                                                                 Population and demographics
                                                                 Analyze number and distribution of
                                                                 people in the county to determine where
                                                                 facilities should be located.


                                                                 Roadway waterfront proximity
                                                                 Determine where the waterfront is most
                                                                 easily reached.

                                                                 Existing waterfront recreation Identify
                                                                 type and location of existing activities
                                                                 and determine other needs.


                                                                 Land Use/ Ownership/ Zoning
                                                                 Determine :how land is currently used,
                                                                 owned, and zoned to evaluate potential
                                                                 for acquisition and/ or use.

                                                                 Historic Resource
                                                                 Identify historic resources for recreational
                                                                 use and their protection.

                                                                 Scenic/ Visual  Resources
                                                                 Analyze these resources for potential
                                                                 use, preservation and improvement.

                                                                 Environmental Resources
                                                                 Record and analyze for recreational
                                                                 potential for their protection.









                                                            -7-











                                                                        POPULATION/ DEMOGRAPHICS


                                                                        Over the years since post-colonial times, the
                                                                        population of Surry County has remained more or less
                                                                        constant. In 1790, the population was 6227; in 1980,
                                                                        6046; and in 1990, 6145. Projected population figures
                                                                        indicate a very modest growth of slightly less than one-
                                                                        half of one percent per year over the next 20 years.
                                                                        Some growth will occur county-wide, but most is
                                                                        expected to be concentrated around the existing
                                                                        incorporated towns of Surry, Claremont and Dendron.




                                                                                                     1990          2000          2010
                                                                                                     Census        Projected     Projected

                                                                          Total Population           6145          6401          6700

                                                                          Tract 8601 (Incl. Surry    2872          2992          3132
                                                                          & Claremont)

                                                                          Tract 8602 (Incl.          3273          3409          3568
                                                                          Dendron)






                                                                                                     41 F S
                                                                               j
                                                                                 CLA  REIVIONT            8601                          -4    E
                                                                          GULFOR          TFNCT
                                                                                                                SUIRRY                 8601
                                                                               8602                            COBHA             T T

                                                                                                     L
                                                                                                                              8602
                                                                       US,
                                                                          Sex                        DENDRON

                                                                                                                                 A
                                                                                      0      BLACKWATER
                                                                                      0         DtSTRICT
                                                                                                                         co   @0




                                                                                      -8-









                                                    The 1980 population data contained in the Surry
                                                    County Comprehensive plan indicates a fairly even
                                                    geographic distribution of people within the county.
                                                    While only very general information is available from
                                                    the 1990 census, it seems to confirm this as well. This
                                                    means that water-related activities and facilities should
                                                    be as evenly distributed as possible along the river and
                                                    its tributaries; and that major facilities should be as
                                                    centrally located and accessible as possible. Once the
                                                    County's recreation user survey is completed, the
                                                    population and demographic information should be
                                                    analyzed to further determine more specifically where
                                                    facilities are needed.



                                                    ACCESSIBILITY


                                                    To ensure that the County government is serving all of
                                                    its citizens, the planning of waterfr6nt-related
                                                    recreational facilities must include access by the
                                                    alternately abled.

                                                    The applicable standards of the Americans With
                                                    Disabilities Act (ADA) must be incorporated into any
                                                    recreational development plans. The ADA is the most
                                                    recent of the laws concerning alternative access and
                                                    was developed to guarantee all citizens of the United
                                                    States equal access to all public accommodations,
                                                    which include: parks, zoos, and amusements parks as
                                                    outlined in Title III Regulations. This affects any
                                                    facilities developed under this study. In essence, the
                                                    Act requires that all goods and services are provided
                                                    in an integrated setting so as to eliminate all
                                                    unnecessary eligibility standards, rules, architectural
                                                    barriers and all other situations that deny equal access
                                                    to individuals with disabilities (except those alterations
                                                    or-designs which would inhibit the required operation
                                                    of the public facility).











                                                        ADA
                                                        Summary of Title III Highlights

                                                         Public accommodations must:
                                                                       Provide goods and services in, an
                                                                       integrated setting.
                                                                       Eliminate      unnecessary          eligibility
                                                                       standards or rules that deny individuals
                                                                       with disabilities an equal opportunity to
                                                                       enjoy the goods and services of a place
                                                                       of public accommodation.
                                                                       Make reasonable           modifications       in
                                                                       policies, practices and procedures that
                                                                       deny equal access to individuals with
                                                                       disabilities, unless fundamentally altering
                                                                       the nature of the goods and services
                                                                       provided,
                                                                       Remove architectural and structural
                                                                       communication barriers in existing
                                       ROOM qG                         facilities where readily achievable.
                                                                       Provide alternative measures when
                                   09 HOKUM V                          removal     of barriers     is   not    readily
                                                                       achievable.
                                                                       Maintain access to all features of
                                                                       facilities and equipment.
                                                                       Design and construct new facilities, and,
                                                                       when     undertaking      alterations,     alter
                                                                       existing facilities in accordance with the
                                                                       ADA accessibility guidelines issued by
                                                                       the Architectural and Transportation
                                                                      -Barriers Compliance Board                  and
                                                                       incorporated in the final Dept. of Justice
                                                                       Title III Regulation.

                                                         Eligibility for goods and services.
                                                                       A public accommodation may not use
                                                                       eligibility requirements that exclude or
                                                                       segregate individuals with disabilities
                                                                       unless the requirements are "necessary"
                                                                       for the      operation     of    the     public
                                                                       accommodation.


                                                        The ADA is intended to be comprehensive in limiting
                                                        restrictions placed upon all individuals with disabilities.





                                                                 _10-











                                                    Roadway/ Waterfront Proximity

                                                    One factor to be considered in evaluating recreational
                                                    access to the water is the distance from public roads
                                                    to water bodies with recreational potential. Obviously,
                                                    road-building is expensive and construction of
                                                    vehicular access to a facility is an added cost.
                                                    Therefore, it would be prudent to look for opportunities
                                                    which are on or close to existing public roads.

                                                    The roads in Surry appear well distributed and provide
                                                    convenient access to almost any place in the County.

                                                    However, there are very few places where roads
                                                    actually reach the water or cross a water body. Only
                                                    one such locatim. Scotland Wharf, has public road
                                                    access to the James River. Most of the existing roads
                                                    which lead directly to the waterfront are private roads
                                                    within waterfront vacation communities, such as
                                                    Claremont Beach, Guilford Heights and Mount Ivy
                                                    Beach.


                                                    No location should be ruled out because it isn't close
                                                    to a public road, since funding for acces's might be
                                                    available from other than county sources. Of course,
                                                    different kinds of roads with different levels of cost are
                                                    needed to serve different types of water-related
                                                    recreational facilities.

                                                    For purposes of this study, the following map identifies
                                                    public roads that are within one-quarter-mile of water
                                                    bodies; public roads that are in close proximity to water
                                                    bodies, and private homeowner association roads that
                                                    come in contact with water bodies. Generally speaking,
                                                    these situations are thought to be the most accessible
                                                    areas in terms of existing roads.







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                                                             EXISTING WATERFRONT RECREATION



                                                             One of the main reasons Surry County is "something
                                                             special" is that it contains the James River and its
                                                             tributaries, totaling over 75 miles of river and creek
                                                             frontage are in the County. As is true in most Virginia
                                                             tidewater localities, this potentially wonderful resource
                                                             has patterns of land use and ownership that render
                                                             the waterfront largely inaccessible to its citizens.

                                                             A comparatively large amount of waterfront is publicly
                                                             owned by the State, but the type of property and the
                                                             restrictions placed upon it make it unable to fulfill many
                                                             of the waterfront recreational needs of County
                                                             residents.


                                                             None of the waterfront is owned by the County
                                                             government. Furthermore, it is truly ironic that most of
                                                             the existing waterfront recreational opportunity areas
                                                             along the James River are not owned by County
                                                             residents, but are vacation properties owned by people
                                                             from outside of the County.

                                                             In addition to a general lack of access and waterfront
                                                             recreational opportunities, another problem is that the
                                                             public, by and large, is unaware of what is available
                                                             and there is a general lack of programs to take-
                                                             advantage of existing opportunities.

                                                             The following is a description of existing waterfront
                                                             recreation in Surry County, first listed by kind of activity
                                                             and then by area:

                                                             EXISTING WATERFRONT RECREATIONAL
                                                             ACTIVITIES:


                                                                   Boating. As would be expected, boating is a
                                                                   popular activity in the County. One percent of the
                                                                   population is estimated to own boats and, of
                                                                   course, this will grow as boating opportunities
                                                                   become more available.








                                                               Stream  s leading into the James River are ideal
                                                               for canoes and small jon boats. While the areas
                                                               of the James River which are well offshore are
                                                               very good for larger power boats and sailboats.

                                                               The James riverfront in the County is considered
                                                               to be "old" in that it has been settled and used for
                                                               several hundred years. This has resulted in the
                                                               remains of old docks, piers, wharves, stumps, etc.
                                                               which present boating hazards, in particular to
                                                               high-speed power boats and jet skis. These
                                                               activities are becoming more and more popular
                                                               and, therefore, any boating areas and activities
                                                               must take these hazards into account.


                                                               The Virginia Department of Game and Inland
                                                               Fisheries lists 15 boat access points in its
                                                               inventory of the County.      Of these, only four
                                                               ramps are considered to be for public use:
                                                               Claremont Beach, Grey's Creek Marina, Crouch
                                                               Creek and Lawnes Creek; only one is publicly
                                                               owned. This equates to very limited local boat
                                                               access to the waters of the County.

                                                               The deeper waters of the James River are good
                                                               for sailing, but facilities for docking and keeping
                                                               deep draft sailboats are nonexistent in Surry
                                                               County. Some shallow draft sailboats are kept at
                                                               the Grey's Creek Marina. Although Greys Creek
                                                               is deep enough for sailboats, sediments at its
                                                               mouth severely limit sailboat access.
                                                               Accommodation of deeper draft sailboats will
                                                               involve dredging at the mouths of the creeks. This
                                                               may or may not be permitted, and can only be
                                                               determined by going through the permitting
                                                               process (see section on Permitting).             The
                                                               possibility of keypone contamination in the
                                                               sediments which need to be dredged is another
                                                               consideration.    Ironically, its presence would
                                                               make dredging operations less expensive, since
                                                               keypone-contaminated dredge material will have
                                                               to be disposed of in the water rather than hauled
                                                               to an upland site as would "clean" dredge
                                                               material.






                                                          -14-










                                                                  Nature Study. The opportunity for nature study
                                                                  abounds in Surry County; however, actual
                                                                  participation in this activity is difficult to assess.
                                                                  Organized nature study and environmental
                                                                  programs are part of overall programs at
                                                                  Chippokes Plantation State Park. Although not
                                                                  an organized program, nature study accounts for
                                                                  much of the use of Hog Island SWMA.


                                                                  Beach Bathing. Numerous bathing beaches of
                                                                  varying quality are located along the James River
                                                                  in the County. These include Mount Ivy Beach,
                                                                  Scotland, Sunny Meadow Beach, Guilford Heights
                                                                  Beach and Claremont Beach. The major limiting
                                                                  factor for county-wide beach bathing is that the
                                                                  beaches are all privately owned and not open to
                                                                  the general public.         Most are owned by
                                                                  community homeowner associations in vacation
                                                                  communities, and use is limited to the property
                                                                  owners and their guests.

                                                                  Section 16 of the County Real Property
                                                                  Identification Map notes at Scotland "PB2-40
                                                                  (1889) Beach reserved for public use." Further
                                                                  legal research is needed to determine if this
                                                                  beach is indeed available for public use.

                                                                  Waterfront Tourist Attractions.           There are
                                                                  virtually no activities or facilities in Surry County
                                                                  which could be considered waterfront tourist
                                                                  attractions with the possible exception of the
                                                                  Scotland/Jamestown Ferry. However, this is an
                                                                  attraction by default rather than design, as its
                                                                  major function is transportation.

                                                                  Several tourist destinations happen to be on the
                                                                  waterfront including Chippokes Plantation State
                                                                  Park, Smith Fort Plantation and several other
                                                                  historic properties.      Hog Island could be
                                                                  considered a seasonal waterfront tourist attraction
                                                                  during waterfowl migration. To say the least, the
                                                                  tourist visitation potential of Surry County's
                                                                  waterfront is seriously neglected.




                                                               -15-









                                                                  Sightseeing. Surry is rich in scenery and
                                                                                                                  visual
                                                                  quality.  Like nature study, sightseeing is an
                                                                  unknown quantity in the County.         For County
                               dft                                residents, enjoying the quality of the visual
                                                                  environment is a part of the overall quality of life
                                                                  which enriches their lives on an everyday basis,
                                                                  but generally goes unnoticed. Visitors to the
                                                                  County undoubtedly spend much of their time
                                                                  enjoying the natural scenery and historic sights.

                                                                  Fishing. Fishing is very popular in Surry County,
                                                                  despite the relatively inaccessible nature of the
                                                                  waterfront. Most fishing is by boat on the James
                                                                  River and major creeks. The majority of fish
                                                                  caught in the James and tidal tributaries year
                                                                  round are yellow and "mud" catfish, large-mouth
                                                                  bass, bluegill and grindal, while shad and rockfish
                                                                  are taken on a seasonal basis. The upper ends
                                                                  of the creeks are considered to be very good for
                                                                  large-mouth bass, crappy and yellow perch, while
                                                                  pickerel can be taken in the freshwater part of
                                                                  Upper Chippokes Creek. From Scotland
                                                                  downstream, the James River is often too
                                                                  brackish for large-mouth bass, particularly in the
                                                                  late summer months.


                                                                  Bank fishing usually takes place on private
                                                                  property, or on road crossings of streams, despite
                                                                  laws and signs prohibiting this activity. Public
                                                                  access points where bank fishing is allowed
                                                                  include: the beach in front of Chippokes
                                                                  Plantation State Park visitors center, the water
                                                                  frontage at Hog Island SWMA, and, to a very
                                                                  limited extent, at the Lawnes Creek Boat Ramp.


                                                                  A popular fishing activity in the County has been
                                                                  the herring run between mid-March and mid-May
                                                                  which lasts for a period of 30-60 days. The fish
                                                                  are caught by dip net in shallow creeks primadly
                                                                  at two locations where Upper Chippokes Creek









                                                               -16-










                                                                  and one of its unnamed branches crosses Route
                                                                  10. This activity requires trespassing on private
                                                                  property, although, according to the local game
                                                                  warden, this has not been a problem in the past.
                                                                  Another dipping spot is the out-fall canal from
                                                                  Sunken Meadow Pond at Sunny Meadow Beach.

                                                                  Crabbing is a popular activity up and down the
                                                                  River despite the limited number of access points
                                                                  and the need to trespass on private property.

                                                                  Shell fishing is banned on the James River from
                                                                  Hog Island upstream because of human waste
                                                                  contamination from municipalities to the west.

                                                                  Hunting. Waterfowl hunting is a popular water-
                                                                  related activity as evidenced by the number of
                                                                  blinds located up and down the creeks. Bow and
                                                                  arrow hunting of waterfowl and fish is allowed on
                                                                  a controlled basis within the Hog Island SWMA.
                                                                  Access for water-related hunting is not thought to
                                                                  be a problem.

                                                                  Historical Interpretation.      Although historical
                                                                  markers abound in the County, there is a general
                                                                  lack of interpretation of the waterfront and its
                                                                  historical importance. Once again, Chippokes
                                                                  Plantation State Park leads the way with an
                                                                  excellent exhibit and visual audio program
                                                                  explaining    early settlements         and      river
                                                                  transportation. However, the Chippokes exhibit
                                                                  and the few historical markers which do focus on
                                                                  waterfront sites are virtually the only water-related
                                                                  historical interpretation in the County. Many of
                                                                  the wharf ruins, etc. generate interest and
                                                                  curiosity which goes largely unanswered.














                                                              -17-









                                                       EXISTING RECREATION BY AREA:
                                                       The following list indicates which recreation facilities
                                                       are currently available at specific areas in the county.

                                                            Lawnes Crook Boat Ramp: The Lawnes Creek
                                                            Boat Ramp is owned and operated by the Virginia
                                                            Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and is
                                                            the only publicly owned ramp in the County. It
                                                            has one ramp and a small pier suitable for
                                                            launching small-to medium-sized boats on trailers
                                                            and approximately one-half acre of parking.

                                                            A combination of conditions make this a facility of
                                                            limited use. First, located at the end of a long,
                                                            poorly maintained, right-of-way it requires a 4-
                                                            wheel drive vehicle under wet conditions. Being
                                                            at the end of a long right-of-way, the ramp and
                                                            parking area are difficult to police, thus creating
                                                            security problems, including vandalism and refuse
                                                            dumping.
            Lawrm Crmk Bad R&M.0                            Ruts eroded in the lane for backing trailers makes
                                                            launching more difficult. According to users, the
                                                            ramp is only useful at high tide because of
                                                            insufficient water depth at other times.

                                                            The mouth of Lawnes Creek at the James River
                                                            is also silted, limiting the size and times that
                                                            boats can get in and out. The rough water, which
                                                            often characterizes the James River in the stretch
                                                            from the point of Hog Island south up to Burwell
                                                            B
                                                             ay, further limits the usefulness of any boat-
                                                            launching facility on Lawnes Creek.
                            1214:
                                                            Hog Island Wildlife Management Area. This
                                                            area offers a variety of water-related recreational
                                                            opportunities which include ï¿½ightseeing, nature
                                                            study, hiking, hunting, bank fishing and hand-
                                                            launch boating. Limitations include its remote
                                                            location, walking distances for hand-launch boats
                                                            and bank fishing. Summertime mosquito
                                                            infestations also keep people away.


            Hog )shW SWUA








                                                         -18-








                                                                VEPCO Canal. Currently, those who obtain
                                                                permission, mainly VEPCO personnel, can fish
                                                                the banks of the outlet canal from the Surry
                                                                power plant. Fishing is good here because of the
                                                                warmth of the water.        There is also a boat
                                                                launching facility farther down the canal, but it is
                                                                not open to the public. It is thought that this
                                                                location is not good for public access because of
                                                                dangerous currents in the canal.


                                                                Bailey's Trailer Park Boat Ramp

                                                                This is a small boat ramp, located on the east
                                                                side of Chippokes Creek. It is privately owned
                                                                thus not open to the public.

                                                                Chippokes Plantation State Park. Although its
                         j                                      predominant theme and resource management
                                                                plan is not water-related recreation per se,
                                                                Chippokes provides by far more waterfront
                                                                recreational opportunities to the public than any
                                                                other facility within the County. The riverfront
                                                                below the visitor's center is a favorite bank fishing
                                                                spot where the primary catch is catfish, although
                                                                all other game fish found in the river are taken
                                                                here from time to time.
               Cho"kes Manw Home
                                                                The visitor's center offers an excellent multi-media
                                                                presentation of the history and use of the river
                                                                which accompanies a museum exhibit of early
                                                                plantation life. There is a waterfront trail along
                                                                the river at College Creek which provides hiking,
                                                                cycling and sightseeing opportunities.

                                                                The park's property on Chippokes Creek is used
                                                                in various nature study programs and the park is
                                                                currently planning to build a floating pier for canoe
                                                                launching as part of its naiure study programs.
                                                                The pier will be remotely located in the park
                                                                which will not make it a feasible spot for general
                                                                canoe launching in the County.
               Cft%wkes Beach










                                                             _19-








                                                                  Mount Ivy Beach. Mount Ivy Beach is a privately
                                                                  owned recreational area for the exclusive use of
                                                                  residents of the Mount Ivy Subdivision. There is
                                                                  road access to the beach which is approximately
                                                                  50 feet deep.


                                                                  Crouch Creek. The mouth of Crouch Creek
                                                                  appears to be a favorite fishing and crabbing spot
                                                                  in the County. Although privately owned, it
                                                                  appears to be used by the public. To the south of
                                                                  the road is a small marina that was previously a
                                                                  fish market and is currently failing into disrepair.
               Cromh Creat P/M                                    Here, there is a boat ramp which can be used by
                                                                  the public for a fee, and a series of small piers
                                                                  where boats tie up. Here is one of the few places
                                                                  in the County where parking is available close to
                                                                  the water. However only small boats can go from
                                                                  south of the roadway to the river because shallow
                                                                  water and the low bridge clearance restdcl: larger
                                                                  craft.

                                                                  On the north side of the roadway bank fishing
                                                                  appears to be quite popular; however, it is
                                                                  necessary to trespass on private property to fish
                                                                  from this area.

                                                                  Scotland Wharf.          Although it is purely
                                                                  coincidental, the Jamestown/Scotland Ferry does
                                                                  provide recreation, particularly for tourists, as well
                                                                  as transportation between the north and south
                                                                  banks of the River.


                                                                  As stated earlier, there is some indication of
                                                                  public use on the County Tax Maps but the status
                                                                  is unknown.

                                                                  Three Sisters Trailer Park. A small, privately
                                                                  owned boat ramp is located within this trailer
                                                                  park, but it is not for public use.
               Scodand Mm"f













                                                               -20-









                                                               Grey's Creek Heights. Waterfront facilities at
                                                               Grey's Creek Heights are owned by a group of lot
                                                               owners in the Grey's Creek Heights Subdivision.
                                                               It contains a boat ramp and a pier with about ten
                                                               slips for medium-sized boats. There is a good
                                                               maneuvering area for turning boat trailers. Also,
                                                               the access road into the facility is quite good and
                                                               except for being on the inside of the bend in
                                                               Grey's Creek, it would appear to be one of the
                                                               better marina locations in the county.


                                                               Grey's Creek Marina. Although it is seriously run
                                                               down, this is the only commercial marina and
                                                               water recreation facility in Surry County. At the
                                                               time of this study, the marina was not in operation
                                                               and was undergoing limited repairs. One can only
                                                               assume that it will be back in business.

                                                               The marina has a boat ramp, temporary docking
                                                               facilities, gasoline pumps and approximately 26
                                                               permanent slips. The access road into the facility
                                                               is very steep and not well maintained. Roomfor
                                                               maneuvering and parking is also quite limited.

                                                               Colonial National Park at Swanns Point.
                                                               Although this park has beaches, wonderful
                                                               scenery and high-quality natural areas, it is land-
                                                               locked by privately owned lands and is
                                                               inaccessible except by way of the river. One can
                                                               only speculate that boaters occasionally use this
                                                               park land for recreational purposes.



                                                               PIPSICO. PIPSICO is a 916-acre tract of land
                                                               owned by the Boy Scouts and is used for camp
                                                               related recreational activities.



                                                               Camp Chanco . Camp Chanco is a 125-acre
                                                               tract of land owned by the Episcopal Diocese of
                                                               Virginia operated as a camp with camp-related
                                                               waterfront recreational activities.







                                                            -21-








                                                         0    Eastover.     Eastover is a I 10-acre property
                                                              owned by the Baptist Church and operated as a
                                                              camp with camp-related waterfront recreational
                                                              activities.



                                                         0    Guilford Heights Beach.         This is a small
                                                              waterfront recreation area located in the
                                                              community of Guilford Heights for the exclusive
                                                              use of Guilford Heights residents and guests.
                                                              Facilities include a narrow bathing beach, a boat
                                                              ramp which is limited to use at high tide,
                                                              picnicking area and parking lot.


                          '70       L:z                       Sunny Meadow Beach. Sunny Meadow Beach
                                                              is the best natural opportunity for a bathing beach
                                                              in Surry County. Sun bathing, picnicking, and
                                                              pick-up games are available for trailer owners
                                                              who rent parking spaces. A boat-launching ramp
                                                              is available to the public for a fee.


              SW*6n Usadm Pond
                                                         0    Sunken Meadow Pond. On the south side of
                                                              Route 626, opposite Sunny Meadow Beach, is
                                                              Sunken Meadow Pond where there is a small
                                                              fishing/ john boat concession and bank fishing for
                                                              a fee.



                                                         0    Sloop Point . Sloop Point is a small gathering
                                                              spot located at a cul-de-sac at the end of Route
                                                              220. Though a sign on the beach indicates that
                                                              it is for residents of Claremont only, it would
                                                              appear to be used by the public for picnicking,
                                                              sun bathing and sightseeing. A small parcel of
                                                              property, thought to be the parking area, is owned
                                                              by the town, while the beach and waterfront are
                                                              owned by the community homeowner's
                                                              association.
              skqp po*













                                                           -22-










                                                              Claremont Beach. Claremont Beach is a private,
                                                              mostly vacation-home community with perhaps
                                                              the second-best natural area for a bathing beach
                                                              in the County. The beach area is privately owned
                                                              and for the exclusive use of owners and their
                                                              guests. Here there is a boat ramp and a small
                                                              pier which can be used by the public for a fee.
                                                              However, without prior knowledge of being able to
                                                              use the boat ramp, the "Private,"                 "No
                                                              Trespassing" signs entering the community
                                                              discourage general public use of the ramp.

                                                              Brandon Gut.        The drive to the mouth of
                                                              Brandon Gut is one of the most scenic in the
                                                              County and is obviously used for sightseeing. It is
                                                              also one of the few areas in the region where
                                                              road access allows close viewing of a high quality
                                                              natural area. This can be of great potential for
                                                              access by the handicapped and disabled.

                                                              Unfortunately, the scenic drive and turnaround
                                                              area are the subject of a disagreement between
                                                              the Town of Claremont and the adjacent land
                                                              owner. The appearance of the turnaround is
                                                              marred by the presence of a tall chain link fence
                                                              constructed by the adjacent owner.               Local
                                                              residents say the area used to have a fishing pier
                                                              and another pier where boats tied up. However,
                                      At.                     these no longer exist and actual access to the
                                                              water is not possible because of the fence.


             Bnvxkn GIR
                                                              Upper Chippokes Creek/Route 10 Crossing.
                                                              As mentioned earlier, this is a favorite spot for dip
                                                              net herring fishing.
















                                                           -23-







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                                                   Existing Regional Waterfront Recreational
                                                   Facilities on The James River

                                                   The following is a list of waterfront recreation
                                                   opportunities along the James River which are outside
                                                   the County but within a reasonable driving distance.
                                                   They are divided into North and South of the James
                                                   with those to the South being obviously much more
                                                   accessible to county residents.

                                                   South of James River


                                                   1 .   Presquile National Wildlife Refu-qe
                                                               Hiking; nature study; limited hunting
                                                   2.    Hopewell Yacht Club
                                                               Large parking lot; boat launch ramp;
                                                               dock; fuel.,



                                                     -25-









                                                            3.     Petersbu[g National Historical Park
                                                                   City Point Unit
                                                                           Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                           swimming beach; hiking; nature study;
                                                                           restrooms; historical site.
                                                            4.     Burnt Mill Bridge
                                                                           Shoulder parking; pier or bank fishing.
                                                            5.     Tyler's Beach Ramp
                                                                           Limited parking lot; boat launch ramp.
                                                            6.     Fort Boykin Park
                                                                           Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                           swimming beach; picnicking.
                                                            7.     Ra-qqed Island WMA
                                                                           Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                           hiking; nature study; picnicking.
                                                            8.     Bennetts Creek Park
                                                                           Large parking lot; boat launch ramp; pier
                                                                           or bank fishing; hiking; nature study;
                                                                           picnicking; restrooms; shelters.
                                                            9.     Sleepy Hole Park
                                                                           Limited parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                           hiking; nature study.
                                                            10.    Lone Star Lakes Park
                                                                           Limited parking lot; hiking; nature study;
                                                                           picnicking; restrooms.
                                                            11.    Nansemond NWR
                                                                           Nature study; Restricted Use.
                                                            12.    Willoughby Landing
                                                                           Large parking lot; boat launch ramp; pier
                                                                           or bank fishing; restrooms.
                                                            13.    Captain's Quarters Park
                                                                           Limited parking lot, car top boat only; pier
                                                                           or bank fishing; swimming beach; nature
                                                                           study; picnicking; restrooms.
                                                            14.    Beach Accessways
                                                                           Shoulder parking; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                           swimming beach; hiking; nature study.
                                                            15.    Sarah Constant Park and Beach
                                                                           Limited parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                           swimming beach; hiking; nature study;
                                                                           picnicking; restrooms; concessions.
                                                            16.    Community Beach West
                                                                           Large parking lot; swimming beach;
                                                                           hiking; lifeguard.





                                                              -26-











                                                          North of James River


                                                          17.   Kittewan Refu-qe
                                                                       Nature study.
                                                          18.   Chickahominy WMA
                                                                       Limited parking lot; boat launch; pier or
                                                                       bank fishing; hiking; nature study;
                                                                       picnicking;     handicapped        access;
                                                                       camping; horseback riding; dock.
                                                          19.   Jamestown Festival Park
                                                                       Large parking lot; car-top boat only; pier
                                                                       or bank fishing; nature study; picnicking;
                                                                       handicapped      access;    historic site;
                                                                       shelters; food.
                                                          20.   Colonial National Historical Park
                                                                       Large parking lot; hiking; nature study;
                                                                       picnicking;   restrooms;      handicapped
                                                                       access; bike path; ringfield picnic area;
                                                                       interpretation center.
                                                          21.   Goose Island Refuge
                                                                       Shoulder parking; large parking lot; boat
                                                                       launch ramp; hiking; nature study;
                                                                       restricted use.
                                                          22.   Denbi-gh Park Boat Ramp
                                                                       Large parking lot; boat launch ramp; pier
                                                                       or bank fishing; nature study; restrooms;
                                                                       handicapped access; dock; crabbing.
                                                          23.   Deep Creek Cily Pier
                                                                       Limited parking lot; boat launch ramp;
                                                                       handicapped access; dock.
                                                          24.   Lion's Bridge Beach
                                                                       Shoulder parking; car-top boat only; pier
                                                                       or bank fishing; swimming beach.
                                                          25.   Hilton Fishing Pier and Beach
                                                                       Limited parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                       swimming beach; handicapped access;
                                                                       playground.
                                                          26.   Huntington Park
                                                                       Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                       swimming beach; hiking; nature study;
                                                                       picnicking;   restrooms;      handicapped
                                                                       access; museum; playground; tennis;
                                                                       shelters; concessions.
                                                          27.   Christopher Newport Park
                                                                       Limited   parking    lot;  nature study;
                                                                       picnicking; historical site.



                                                           -27-










                                                         28.    Seafood Industrial Park
                                                                       Limited parking lot; boat launch ramp;
                                                                       marina; fuel; concessions.
                                                         29.    King-Lincoln Park
                                                                       Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                       swimming beach; picnicking; restroorns;
                                                                       handicapped access; stage; playground;
                                                                       tennis; basketball; shelters.
                                                         30.    Anderson Park
                                                                       Large parking lot; boat launch ramp; pier
                                                                       or bank fishing; swimming beach; hiking;
                                                                       picnicking;   restrooms;     handicapped
                                                                       access;   stage;    playground;     tennis;
                                                                       basketball; shelters.
                                                         31.    Peterson Yacht Basin
                                                                       Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                       picnicking; handicapped access.
                                                         32.    Monitor-Merrimac Overlook Park
                                                                       Large parking lot; pier or bank fishing;
                                                                       swimming      beach;     nature study;
                                                                       picnicking; handicapped access; historic
                                                                       battle site.
                                                         33.    Sunset Boat Ramp
                                                                       Large parking lot; boat launch ramp;
                                                                       handicapped access; dock.
                                                         34.    Visitors tenter
                                                                       Pier or bank fishing; restrooms; Fort
                                                                       Wool boat-tour, boat docking fee.
                                                         35.    Mill Point Park
                                                                       Shoulder parking; picnicking; restrooms;
                                                                       handicapped access; stage; cultural
                                                                       events.


                                                          This information derived from the "Chesapeake Bay
                                                         and Susquehanna River Public Access Guide"
                                                         published by The Commonwealth of Virginia, 1989.















                                                           -28-










                                                             HISTORIC RESOURCES


                                                             Introduction


                                                             Surry County was formed in 1652 from James City
                                                             County. Prior to its formation as a county, the "Surry
                                                             side" of the river was an integral part of life for
                                                             Jamestown settlers. Settlements on the south side of
                                                             the river were known as the "plantations across the
                                                             water" and in 1619 the Governor of Virginia included
                                                             the early settlements in Surry as part of the "bound
                                                             and limits" of Jamestown. The area was referred to as
                                                             Surrey by the settlers because Jamestown was a
                                                             miniature London to them and in London, the area
                                                             south of the River Thames was called Surrey. The "e"
                                                             was dropped from the name when the county was
                                                             formed.
                Mu0stibn by - JoM Kme                        The presence of the river and the fertile soils of what
                                                             is now Surry County proved desirable to the Indians
                                                             who, for many years prior to the coming of the early
                                                             colonists, had enjoyed life here. In 1609, Captain John
                                                             Smith built a fort, now referred to as Smith's Fort
                                                             Plantation, is on Grey's Creek just north of what is now
                                                             the town of Surry. By 1632, 64 seftlers were living in
                                                             the area, 31 of them on Hog Island,

                                                             The land around Smith's Fort was a gift from Indian
                                                             Chief Powhattan to Thomas Rolf, the son of his
                                                             daughter, Pocahontas. In 1652, Thomas Warren built
                              'N                             a house on this land which still stands today and is
                                                             known as the Rolf - Warren House.
                               fit,
                                                             Further attesting to the historical importance of Surry
                                                             is Bacon's Castle, built by Arthur Allen in 1660. It
                                                             derives its name from Bacon's Rebellion and Nathaniel
                                                             Bacon who used the house in his stand against the
                  @tatms   Re,,,-,Js Powl-latan              tyranny of colonial Governor William Berkeley.
                                 SMItl? C.111177111S         Architecturally, Bacon's Castle is considered by many
                              braw-.                         to be the most stately Jacobean house in the United
               From Capftin John SmiM's Map of WgWa          States.
                Mi" , N,











                                                              -29-









                                                        Another major 'historic landmark is Chippokes
                                                        Plantation, an original land grant plantation and
                                                        originally part of the Jamestown colony. It was named
                                                        for an Indian, Chippokee, who was a great help to the
                                                        early colonists. The plantation is now a state park and
                                                        "living" history museum of a working plantation.


                                                        Travelling through the County, one can hardly escape
                    _4
                                                        the aura of places and events which helped form the
                                                        roots of our nation today. Of course, the river and
                                                        waterfront in Surry has been a major factor shaping the
                                                        history of the County. The James River served as the
                                                        colonial highway; and settlements on both sides of the
                                                        river were dependent upon it for almost everything. In
                                                        pre-colonial days, the same was true as native
                                                        American Indians were also dependent upon the river
                                                        and its tributaries for their survival. Through the turn
                                                        of the century and into the 1920's the waterfront was
                                                        the focus of the timber industry for loading and
                                                        transporting timber from narrow-gauge railways onto
                                                        schooners bound for world markets. So it should come
                                                        as no surprise that the vast majority of historical and
                                                        archaeological sites in the County are, in fact, on the
                                                        waterfront or related thereto.

                                                        The relationship of historical resources to waterfront
                                                        recreation access falls into two basic categories. First,
                                                        how to take advantage of these resources for
                                                        recreational purposes and secondly, how to protect
                                                        them from potential damage or disturbance when
                                                        developing sites for recreational purposes.

                                                        A comprehensive historicallfarchaeological analysis of
                                                        the County's waterfront is- far beyond the scope of this
                                                        study; However, the accompanying map indicates
                                                        historical and archaeological sites on the waterfront as
                                M,
                                                        recorded by the Virginia Department of Historic
                                                        Resources (VDHR) and other maps etc. available in
                                              i         the county library. VDHR is quick to point out that only
                                              i         about 1.5 percent of the archaeological sites in Virginia
                                                        have been recorded. This would indicate that there
                                                        are many more waterfront sites in Surry, and virtually
                                                        every waterfront location in the County is a potential
                                                        archaeological site.        However, all waterfront
                                                        recreational facilities proposed for development by a


                                                         -30-








                                                          public body will, in the permitting process, require an
                                                          archaeological site survey. Therefore, at least one
                                                          mechanism is in place which will help protect these
                                                          resources from potential damage and destruction by
                                                          public recreational facilities.

                                                          The main method of taking advantage of historic
                                                          resources for recreational purposes will likely be in the
                                                          form of visitation and interpretation. Many of the private
                                                          riverfront "plantation" sites will lend themselves to
                                                          interpretation only from the water because they can be
                                                          seen from the waterside and are not publicly
                                                          accessible by land. For the most part, the following
                                                          map is limited to waterfront-related historic sites;
                                                          however, it also includes several County historic sites
                                                          which are not directly on the water, but would likely be
                                                          a part of a recommended waterfront "tourist loop."
              PIMWN POW                                   It should be noted that virtually none of the post-
                                                          colonial sites of wharves, rail connections, etc., appear
                                                          on VDHR mapping, but the presence of their ruins are
                                                          still evident on the waterfront and offer great potential
                                                          for interpretation. Also, no subaqueous archeological
                                                          sites are recorded on the waterfront.            However,
                                                          symbols on the USGS topo maps and nautical charts
                                                          indicate sunken vessels, etc., all of which should be
                                                          considered for preservation interpretation.

























                                                            -31-




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                                                            LAND USE/OWNERSHIP/ZONING

                                                            Land use, ownership and, to a lesser extent, zoning
                                                            are important issues related to waterfront recreation
                                                            and potential access. They have individual implications
                                                            for land use and when combined, have additional
                                                            implication.

                                                            LAND USE:
                                                            Land uses on the water can be generally characterized
                                                            as follows:


                                                            Agriculture/Forest. The majority of waterfront land in
                                                            Surry is in agricultural and forest use. Considered by
                                                            itself and depending upon the character of the
                                                            waterfront present, this land would be considered to
                                                            have high potential for recreational use.

                                                              onservation. Conservation uses of waterfront land in
                                                            the County constitute the second-largest category.
                               @-r_wmw_ awl                 These lands are basically non-county, government-
                                                            owned lands, including Chippokes Plantation State
                                                            Park, Hog Island SWMA and the Colonial National
                                                            Park at Swanns Point. These lands currently offer
                                                            waterfront recreation in the form of nature study,
                                                            historic   interpretation,    hunting,     bank     fishing,
                                                            sightseeing, canoeing and the only publicly owned
                                                            boat-launching facility in the County (Lawnes Creek).
                                                            They have the potential for additional similar activities,
                                                            but would not be compatible with more active, water-
                                                            related recreation.
               "WrM CrWk
                                                            Industrial. Industrial waterfront land use in the county
                                                            is limited to the Surry Nuclear Plant. Industrial land, in
                                                            this case, is somewhat of a misnomer in that this
                                                            waterfront is atypical of most industrial waterfronts.
                                                            Except for the intake structure on the east side of the
                                                            site and the outlet canal/breakwater on the west, it is
                                                            basically in its natural state and might well have
                                                            potential for water-related recreational activities.

                                                            Business/Commercial. Business and commercial land
                                                            uses on the waterfront are extremely limited. At Crouch
                                                            Creek there is a small marina and "fish market"
                                                            described earlier. Scotland has the only business-
                                                            zoned property on the waterfront but this



                                                              -33-








                                                        restaurant/amusement center has recently closed.
                                                        Other waterfront business uses include the Grey's
                                                        Creek Marina, a restau ra nt/con cession at Sunny
                                                        Meadow Beach, a john boat concession at Sunken
                                                        Meadow Pond, and a restaurant, also currently out-of-
                                                        business, at Claremont Beach. Recreational potential
              01                                        of these sites is discussed in the Recommendations
              THRY                                      section.

                                                        Sincile-Family Residential.    In recent years several
                                                        single-family residential subdivisions have been
                                                        developed on waterfront property. Some of these
                                                        include Chanco Waters, Mount Ivy and Surry Landing.
                                                        These areas are not thought to have much or any
              scoffow                                   potential for public recreation.
                                                        Seasonal Private Vacation Communities. Most of the
                                                        "developed" waterfront property in the County falls into
                                                        this general land-use category. These river coftage
                                                        communities are typical of those developed in the 40s
                                                        in many tidewater locations throughout Virginia. They
                                                        vary in quality, but generally comprise small cottages
                                                        and/or mobile homes on small lots of one-half to one
                                                        and one-half acres. Most of these communities have
                                                        a common waterfront recreational area for owners and
                                                        guests. Typical of these communities are Claremont
                                                        Beach, Guilford Heights, Sunny Meadow Beach and
                                                        Mount Ivy Beach.

                                                        LAND OWNERSHIP

                                                        Land ownership is the major limiting factor to
                                                        waterfront recreational access in the Coulnty. When
                                                        considering the potential for public access to the
                                                        waterfront, land ownership falls into the following
                                                        categories:

                                                               Publicly Owned Non-County (public-state and
                                                               federal land). The percentage of publicly owned
                                                               waterfront property which is "open to the publid'
                                                               is much greater in Surry County than in most
                                                               municipalities in Virginia. Statewide, less than
                                                               one-half of one percent of waterfront property is
                                                               publicly owned and in Surry this percentage is






                                                          -34-








                                                                       closer to 20%. However, this can be very
                                                                       misleading in that publicly owned accessible
                               j\gGIN14                                lands are limited in the kinds of recreational
                                        U0                             opportunities provided.
                                                                       The lands which comprise Chippokes Plantation
                                 GAME                                  State Park, the Hog Island State Wildlife
                                                                       Management Area and the Colonial National
                                                                       Park are primarily for the purposes of historical
                            10G ISLAND REFUGE                          interpretation, natural heritage preservation and
                                                                       wildlife management and are not for more
                                                                       "active" kinds of recreation.
                Hog 13knd SWUA
                                                                       Public Owned County . As stated earlier,
                                                                       there are approximately 75 miles of waterfront
                                                                       in Surry County and the County doesn't own
                                                                       any of it.     This obviously presents sedous
                                                                       limitations on its ability to provide water-related
                                                                       recreational services to its citizens.

                                                                       Civic Organizations.            There are three
                                                                       contiguous large tracts of land totaling over
                                                                       1100 acres on the waterfront which are owned
                                                                       by civic organizations. These are:
                                                                              PIPSICO: 916 acres owned by the Boy
                                                                              Scouts of America.
                                                                              Eastover:      110 acres owned by the
                                                                              Baptist Association of Virginia.
                                                                              Camp Chanco: 125 acres owned by the
                                                                              Episcopal Diocese of Southern Virginia.

                                                                       Each of these properties is operated separately,
                                                                       but in similar ways as camp/retreat complexes.
                                                                       Properties which are owned by civic
                                                                       organizations are thought to have potential for
                                                                       shared public use.

                                                                       Private Timberland Companies. About 15
                                                                       percent of the waterfront of the County is in this
                                                                       type of ownership and, at least at the water's
                                                                       edge, should be kept in its natural state. Sites
                                                                       within these large tracts may be suitable for
                                                                       waterfront recreation. It is likely that purchase or
                                                                       use of parcels within these large tracts would be
                                                                       easier than similar parcels within owner-
                                                                       occupied farms or timberland.




                                                                -35-











                        7.T'
                                                                Private Owner-Occupied Farm/Timberland.
                                                                In terms of land characteristics, this property
                                                                would offer the same recreational potential as
                                                                the preceding category, but traditionally, the
                                                                owners of these properties are less likely to sell
                                                                out parcels, or allow public recreational uses on
                                                                their property. However, whole privately owned
                                                                farms or timberlands may become available for
                                                                sale. In some cases for tax, preservation or
                                                                other reasons, owners may wish to give
                                                                property or deeds of easement for designated
                                                                recreational uses.
              F&IMISM3                                          Private, Single-Family Home Ownership
                                                                This category is not thought to have much, if
                                                                any, public recreational potential. Traditionally
                                                                owners of private single-family lots are very
                                                                guarded about allowing the general public onto
                                                                their property.

                                                                Private Homeowner Associations.               This
                                                                category is thought to present some opportunity
                       0-
                                            -4
                                                                for   genera  I  public    recreation     through
                                                                agreements with the associations. There could
                                                                be tax, user fee facility improvement or other
                                                                incentives to these associations in negotiating
                                                                public use agreements.

                                                                Private Commercial.           Since waterfront
                                                                commercial property is     so  limited within the
                                                                County, it is thought that where it does exist, it
                                                                could be very profitable for suitable water-
                                                                related businesses.


                                                         ZONING


                                                         Zoning in the County generally matches land use and
                                                         vice versa. Recreational. use and zoning in general do
                                                         not appear to be in conflict with each other, especially
                                                         since the county can amend the zoning ordinance to
                                                         accommodate whatever kind of recreation is
                                                         considered desirable.









                                                           -36-



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                                                            SCENICIVISUAL RESOURCES
                                                            With few exceptions, all of Surry can be considered
                                                            visually pleasing and in some of the "untouched"
                                                            natural areas, exceptionally scenic. Because of its
                                                            s
                                                                nic and historic nature, the entire James River in
                                                             ce
                                                            the County it has been designated a State Scenic
                                                            River.

                                                            The visual experience of the waterfront falls into two
                                                            categories: first, from the land and second, from the
                                                            water.
               S&u*en kleadow PoW                           LAND VIEWS
                                                            From the land side, the visual environment of the
                                                            waterfront is characterized by the variety of forest,
                                                            fields, wetlands and marshes, occasionally punctuated
                                          %1
                                t                           by views and vistas of the river, streams and creeks.
                                                            In general, the views of the river from the land side are
                                                            very limited. Though there are numerous topographic
                                                            vantage points from which outstanding views and
                w                                           vistas exist, very few are accessible to the public. The
                                                            best example is the view from above Swanns Point.
                                                            Here, views up and down the River, across to
                                                            Jamestown and up Grey's Creek are nothing less than
                  3-
                                                            spectacular and rival any views in Tidewater Virginia.
               Ab. S.. POW
                                                            Although the visual quality of the County is generally
                                                            unspoiled, there are occasional areas of visual discord.
                                                            Examples are unfinished construction sites, eroded
                                                            areas, high density trailer park developments and
                                                            billboards. Of particular note is the poor visual quality
                                                            of development at Sunny Meadow Beach which would
                                                            otherwise be an area of very high visual quality.
                                                            Billboards, in general, and        those leading to the
                                                            waterfront from the town of Surry to Scotland, in
                                                            particular,, distract greatly from the scenic quality of the
                                                            area.


                                                            WATER VIEWS
                                                            From the water side, the majority of Surry County
                                                            appears much as it did in colonial times. Exceptions
                                                            are the Surry Nuclear Plant, Scotland and various
                                                            residential developments up and down the river.
                                                            However, none of these is a major distraction and, in
                                                            general, the waterfront has very high scenic value
                                                            lending itself to sightseeing from the river.
               . ri-i-I











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                                                              -38-








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                                                            ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES


                                                            Introduction


                                                            The basic relationship between environmental
                                                            resources and waterfront recreation are similar to
                                                            historic resources, although the components are more
                                                            numerous and the relationships more complex. Of
                                                            major concern is how to take advantage of these
                                                            resources for recreational purposes without damaging
                                                            or destroying them.

                                                            Although     the    'various    environmental       resource
                                                            components are listed here separately, they are
                                               Climate      interwoven components of an interactive network. For
                                                            analysis and planning purposes they have been
          Fauna                                             separated into categories which have specific
                                                7009raPhy   recreational, land and water use implications.             In
           HoTa
                                                            planning activities and facilities, we should seek to
              SOUS.                           HydTclcoy     create the ideal relationship between facilities and
                                                            environmental resources so that they complement each
              Gea@ogy
                                                            other.


                                                            For at least the past decade, the Chesapeake Bay
                                                            watershed, of which the study area is a part, has
                                                            become the focus of a large-scale environmental
                                                            protection campaign to "Save the Bay." In 1988, the
                                                            Virginia General Assembly passed the Chesapeake
                                                            Bay Preservation act based upon recommendations
                                                            made by the land-use round table of the Chesapeake
                                                            Bay Commission. The act was passed on the premise
                                                            that healthy state and local economies rely upon a
                                                            healthy Chesapeake Bay.

                                                            The Act gave- all local governments power to exercise
                                                            their planning and zoning authority to protect the
                                                            quality of state waters. It requires all Tidewater
                                                            localities (east of the fall line) to designate
                                                            "Chesapeake Bay Preservation Areas" and to adopt
                                                            criteria to manage these areas for the protection of
                                                            water quality within their comprehensive plans and
                                                            ordinances. The act also provides for the creation of
                                                            the Chesapeake Bay local assistance board and
                                                            department to carry out the purposes and provisions of
                                                            the Act. The department offers technical and financial
                                                            assistance to localities in implementing the Act.



                                                               -40-









                                                           Therefore Tidewater communities, including Surry,
                                                           must map resource protection areas which include:
                                                                  0      Tidal wetlands and shores
                                                                  0      Nontidal wetlands connected by surface
                                                                         flow and contiguous to tidal wetlands and
                                                                         tributary systems.
                                                                  0      Other sensitive lands (those with intrinsic
                                                                         water quality value).
                                                                  0      A hundred-foot-wide buffer zone and
                                                                         resource management area (RMA). The
                                                                         resource management area may include
                                                                         flood plains, highly erodible soils, steep
                                                                         slopes, highly permeable soils, nontidal
                                                                         wetlands outside the RPA or other areas
                                                                         necessary to protect the state waters.

                                                           Local communities are required to make ordinance
                                                           changes to include land use and development
                                                           performance criteria intended to prevent a net increase
                                                           in nonpoint source pollution from new development.
                                                           Surry has prepared the necessary maps, etc. to
                                                           determine the resource protection and resource
                                                           management areas. The entire study area, which is the
                                                           watershed of the James River in Surry county, is within
                                                           the resource management area.





























                                                           -41-









                                                         SUBAQUEOUSIMARINEISHORELINE CONDITIONS

                                                         It is speculated that the early settlers first landed and
                                                         settled at Jamestown because of the deeper water on
                                                         the northern bank of the river. However, the Surry side
                                                         was settled soon thereafter and supported much of the
                                                         life in the new colony. During these early times, the
                                                         river was the focus of colonial transportation and can
                                                         be thought of much as our current interstate highway
                                                         system.

                                                         As pertains to present-day waterfront recreation, there
                                                         are numerous factors about the water, shoreline and its
                                                         bottom which will influence recreational planning. For
                                                         discussion purposes, subaqueous, marine and
                                                         shoreline characteristics have been divided into the
                                                         following categories:

                                                         Width/Depth

                                                         The James River, in Surry County, ranges in width
                                                         from approximately one mile at Upper Chippokes
                                                         Creek to nine-tenths of one mile at Claremont to
                                                         three and one-half miles at Cobharn Bay, to one and
                                                         three-quarter mile at Hog Island and three and one-half
                                                         miles at the mouth of Lawnes Creek.
              OPM K*w                                    It ranges in depth from less than a foot, at the
                                                         shoreline, to over 30 feet in the shipping channel.
                                                         Generally, the depth from the shore to the channel is
                                                         from two to fifteen feet. The shoreline is relatively
                                                         shallow which restricts boating and other water-related
                                                         recreation. Users of boat ramps along the River report
                                                         problems of shallow depth and restrictions on
                                                         launching boats at low tide. The water at Cobham Bay
                          . ......                       is notoriously shallow which limits its recreational
                                                         potential, particularly for power boating, water skiing
                                                         and related activities.

                                                         Surry has several deep creeks, including Upper
                                                         Chippokes forming the western boundary of the
                                                         County, Grays Creek, Crouches Creek, Lower
                                                         Chippokes Creek and Lawnes Creek, which forms its
                                                         eastern boundary. These creeks vary in width at the
                                                         mouth from 4500 feet at Upper Chippokes to 500 feet
              Moat of Gf"es Cnw*





                                                          -42-








                                                          at Lawnes Creek, and generally vary in depth from
                                                          about 10 feet inside the mouth to less than a foot at
                                                          the headwaters. All are tidal and brackish with the
                                                          exception of their headwaters which are fresh.

                                                          Despite the depth of the creeks themselves, each has
                                                          more or less a saltation problem at the mouth which
                                                          restricts boat access at low tide and limits access to
                                                          shallow draft vessels of two feet or less. Any serious
                                                          marina plan within these creeks will have to include
                                                          dredging which may or may not be allowed by
                                                          regulatory agencies.

                                                          Subaqueous Lands:

                                                          Subaqueous lands are the beds of the bays, ocean,
                                                          rivers, streams, and creeks and are the property of the
                                                          Commonwealth of Virginia. Within these beds are rich
                                                          resources which have served Virginia's commercial,
                                                          recreational, and environmental needs for generations.

                                                          A set of subaqueous guidelines has been developed by
                                                          the Virginia Marine Resources Commission to minimize
                                                          impacts on aquatic habitat, promote the public health,
                                                          safety   and    welfare    of the     citizens   of the
                                                          Commonwealth, and accommodate the economic
                                                          needs of Virginia. Important considerations in dealing
                                                          with subaqueous lands include the protection and care
                                                          of submerged aquatic vegetation valuable to fisheries
                                                          management, and minimizing impact on oyster and
                                                          clam beds. Dredging and other construction activities
                                                          must be approved prior to development on subaqueous
                                                          lands.


                                                          Wind/ Wave Con     ditions:


                                                          The relationship of a water body's width (reach), depth
                                                          and the wind speed and direction are generally
                                                          responsible for wave action or "sea" conditions which
                                                          affect boating and shoreline erosion. Higher waves are
                                                          produced by stronger winds over a longer reaches of
                                                          deeper water. Because creeks are generally protected
                                                          by the land from strong winds, they are considered
                                                          "protected areas."

                                                          The most concentrated wind/wave action which affects



                                                            -43-








                                                             boating along the River in the County is from Hog
                                                             Island easterly and southerly past the mouth of Lawnes
                                                             Creek. This area of "rougher seas" further limits boat
                                                             access from Lawnes Creek and potential boat
                                                             launching facilities directly on the shore of this stretch
                                                             of the river.


                                                             Tying all but very large boats up to piers anywhere in
                                                             the river for an extended time is simply not done
                                                             because of the potential destructive force of the waves
                                                             during storms. Boats, such as the Jamestown/Scotland
                                                             ferries, are large enough that they don't sustain
                                                             damage from the large waves that can be generated
                                                             on the river and therefore can be docked.


                                                             Hazards
                                                             As mentioned earlier, the waterfront in the County is
                                                             "old" in terms of how long it has been used and settled
                                                             by people. Here people have built and discarded
                                                             things in the river, denuded its shoreline, etc., resulting
                                                             in hazards to boating and other uses. Although this is
                                                             not intended to be an inventory of hazardous
                                                             conditions in Surry County waters, certain general
                                                             conditions should be noted.


                                                             The most obvious hazards to boating are the
                                                             numerous old wharves, piers, stumps, etc. which
                                                             occupy the waterfront. Some are barely visible from
                                                             the water, while others are completely submerged.
                                                             These are very hazardous conditions particularly to
                                                             high-speed boats which are so popular today.

                                                             Other hazards worth noting are the Virginia Power
                                                             Plant water discharge canal on the west side of the
                                                             Virginia Power property which produces currents
                                                             hazardous to small boats.

                                                             Obviously, the shipping            channel and the
                                                             Scotland/Jamestown Ferry route are to be avoided for
                                                             recreational activities. The most up to date nautical
                                                             charts and marine/subaqueous conditions must be
                                                             reviewed when planning specific areas for recreation
                                                             along the waterfront.







                                                             -44-








                                                             SHORELINE EROSION
                                                             The erosion of shorelines is a natural process which can
                                                             either be advanced or inhibited by human occupance of
                                                             erosion susceptible lands. The threat of this type of
                                                             erosion can lead to the potential destruction of
                                                             subaqueous lands, marshes, the habitats of many
                                                             indigenous plant and animal species, and personal
                                                             property.    With the destruction of these valuable
                                                             resources comes the potential alteration of the existing
                                                             ecology which may or may not be suitable to the native
                                                             wildlife leading to their possible disappearance or
                                                             extinction.


                                                             With this in mind, it is of the utmost importance to protect
                                                             these areas by any environmentally sound measures
                                                             possible. Of course, the most desirable measure is to
                                                             allow these areas to remain in their natural conditions. It
                                                             is not, however, always possible to accomplish this.

                                                             There are several precautions and construction measures
                                                             which may be applied when providing recreational
                                                             facilities in areas with erosion potential among those
                                                             commonly employed are: Marsh bridges and/or piers
                                                             over wetlands, rep rap, jetties, groins, and bulkheads. It
                                                             is important to realize and study the impact that any of
                                                             these measures may have on adjacent lands. For
                                                             example, depriving shorelands down river of sand
                                                             supplies, therefore causing erosion problems.

                                                             The rates of erosion as designated on the Shoreline
                                                             Conditions map are classified as follows:

                                                             Moderate      -       1 to 3 feet of erosion per year

                                                             Moderate Critical - 1 to 3 feet of erosion per year in
                                                                           areas which buildings, roads, or
                                                                    other structures are in danger.
                                                             Severe        year.   Greater than 3 feet of erosion per

                                                             The Role of Boat Wakes in Shoreline Erosion
                                                             The Contribution of boat wakes to the problem of
                                                             shoreline erosion can not be overlooked when studying
                                                             waterfront recreational facilities. While the greatest
                                                             impacts occur in narrow creeks where boats must pass
                                                             as dose as two to three hundred feet of the shoreline,
                                                             there is still potential along other types of shorelines.


                                                              -45-







                                                               Much of the potential erosion, as a result of boat wakes,
                                                               occurs when boats pass close to the shoreline at high
                                                               rates of frequency. However, other factors do come into
                                                               play, such as wind/ wave activity (not as prominent in
                                                               narrow creek passages), boat hull characteristics, slope
                                                               of creek/ river bottoms near the shore line, boat speed
                                                               and water depth. Another important factor to consider is
                                                               the geologic makeup of the shoreline. Exposed shorelines
                                                               with steep gradients composed of sand or gravel are
                                                               considered the most susceptible to erosion problems.
                                                               Boat wake erosion potential must be considered when
                                                               siting boat ramps and marinas.

                                                               SHORELINE CONDITIONS:


                                                               The three different physiographic elements associated
                                                               with the shorelines of Surry County are characterized as
                                                               follows:


                                                               Fastlands:     The relatively stable lands which extend
                                                                              from the landward most limit of the shore
                                                                              zone.


                                                                       Low Shore: 20 Feet of relief, with or without a cliff.

                                                                       Moderately Low Shore: 20 to 40 feet of relief, with
                                                                       or with-out a cliff.

                                                                       Moderately High Shore: 40 to 60 feet of relief, with
                                                                              or without a cliff.


                                                                       High Shore: 60 feet or more of relief, with or
                                                                       without a cliff.


                                                               Shore Zone: The zone between the James River and its
                                                                              tributaries and the fastland.


                                                               Near Shore:    The zone from the shore zone to the 12
                                                                              foot contour as dictated by mean low water
                                                                              datum, including tidal flats.

                                                                       Narrow: Located less than 400 yards from shore.

                                                                       Intermediate: Located from 400-1400 yards from
                                                                       shore.


                                                                       VVide: Located more than 1400 yards from shore.

                                                               Consult Nautical Charts for Marine Conditions.


                                                                 -46-









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                                                            100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN


                                                            The 100 Year Flood Plain comprises those lands which,
                                                            by virtue of their elevation above an adjacent water body
                                                            and position in the landscape, are susceptible to flooding
                                                            on an average frequency of once every 100 years. The
                                                            areas within the flood plain may be subjected to damage
                                                            caused by water currents, flooding, debris, etc., on fast-
                                                            moving rivers and streams, or simply inundation on still or
                                                            slowly moving water bodies.

                                               00 Ir.       Flooding is the major cause of death by weather events
                                                            in this country, and causes billions of dollars of property
                                                            damage annually. Almost all jurisdictions regulate land
                                                            use and severely restrict permanent development in the
                                                            flood plain for reasons of safety and protection of
                                                            property. Although the flood plain severely restricts
                                                            development, it does serve as a protective measure and
                                                            buffer zone for water bodies and through flood plain
                                                            restrictions, preserves open space, 'thus creating
                                                            opportunities for greenway corridors adjacent to these
                                                            bodies.


                                                            Flood plain and waterfront recreation can be an ideal
                                                            relationship of environment and land use. However, the
                                                            same rules apply to recreation as any other development
                                                            activity. First and foremost, permanent structures which
                                                            are subject to flood damage within the flood plain must
                                                            not be built. The same is true of any facility such as a
                                                            porta-john which would become a potential water
                                                            pollutant in a flood condition.           Individual flood
                                                            characteristics, erosion potential, and other site-specific
                                                            flood-related conditions must be analyzed when planning
                                                            any waterfront facility.



















                                                              -47-









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                                                            STEEP SLOPES

                                                            The slope of the land is an important environmental
                                                            consideration which can contribute to, or help prevent soil
                                                            erosion. Other factors, such as vegetative cover and soil
                                                            type are major influences, but simply stated, the steeper
                                                            the slope, the greater the potential for soil erosion and
                                                            therefore sedimentation of wetlands water bodies.
                                                            Sedimentation is a major contributing factor to the
                                                            environmental degradation of the Chesapeake Bay, not
                                                            to mention other problems it creates such as restrictions
                                                            to navigation, boating, etc.

                                                            Slopes in excess of 15 percent, or lands which have a
                                                            change in elevation of more than 15 vertical feet in 100
                                                            horizontal feet, are considered to be steep and more
                                                            highly susceptible to erosion if the natural vegetation is
                                                            disturbed. Therefore, slopes of 15 percent or greater
                                                            should be protected from building, development, and
                                                            other land-disturbing activity,

                                                            Certain pole type recreational structures can be built
                                                            which have minimal impact on slopes. These can include
                                                            many nature study/ observation structures which do not
                                                            disturb the slope and blend with the surroundings.
                                                            However, associated parking, roads and larger land-
                                                            disturbing activities should be relegated to less steep
                                                            slopes.

                                                            Trails must often traverse steep slopes but can be aligned
                                                            and designed to have minimal impact. This can be
                                                            accomplished by constructing them in a swftch-back
                                                            manner with minimal grade on the pathway and a cross
                                                            slope to avoid channelization of runoff.

                                                            Steep slopes have many positive recreational aspects in
                                                            that they afford views of the landscape beyond and, when
                                                            protected, contribute to overall open-spaoe preservation
                                                            and potential for greenways.













                                                               -49-








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                                                             ERODIBLE SOILS

                                                             The environmental significance of erodible soils is closely
                                                             related to steep slopes in that if not properly managed,
                                                             they contribute to erosion, sedimentation and
                                                             environmental degradation of wetlands, water bodies, etc.
                                                             Soils are more or less erodible because of their innate
                                                             characteristics, position in the landscape, and slope. In
                                                             Surry, these soils have been identified and mapped. In
                                                             areas with     erodible soils, the relationship of land
                                                             disturbance and steepness of slope becomes more
                                                             critical, therefore areas of disturbance should be
                                                             relegated to the flattest slopes.

                                                             It's not likely that all erodible soils in the County can be
                                                             avoided when accommodating waterfront recreation sinoe
                                                             these soils occupy much of the waterfront. However,
                                                             where these soils are present, disturbance of steep
                                                             slopes must be avoided and extra precaution taken in
                                                             siting and designing facilities. Strict enforcement of best
                                                             management practices during construction is critical in
                                                             areas of erodible soils.






































                                                               -51-



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                                                               WETLANDS


                                                               In recent years much emphasis has been placed upon
                                                               the preservation of marshes and wetlands as well it
                                                               should. Their function as environmental filters, food
                                                               producers, fish nurseries, wildlife feeding areas, etc. are
                                                               vital to our well being on the planet. Surry has a wealth
                                                               of basically undisturbed wetlands and marsh resources
                                                               which must be protected for our future. However, this is
                                                               not to say that they can't be used and enjoyed for
                                                               recreational purposes. Wetlands offer unique recreational
                                                               opportunities for nature study, sightseeing, fishing,
                                                               hunting, etc. which if accommodated in a compatible way,
                                                               are ideally suited to each other. This obviously excludes
                                                               land-disturbing activities and facilities, and construction of
                                                               most structures with the exception of piers, marsh
                                                               bridges, blinds, observation platforms of pole-type
                                                               construction, which can be built and exist in harmony with
                                                               the natural wetland system. The amount of use and
                                                               "holding capacity"of marshes and wetlands is also c(itical
                                                               in terms of their protection and must be evaluated on an
                                                               individual project basis.









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                                                             NATURAL AREA RESOURCES

                                                             Natural area resources are places which by virtue
                                                             of the character of their flora, fauna, geology, etc.
                                                             form unique or ecologically significant areas. They
                                                             may be the habitat of rare or endangered species,
                                                             areas of exceptional diversity, ecological systems
                                                             which are highly productive in the food chain, etc.

                                                             Natural area resources are particularly sensitive to
                                                             land-disturbing and other human activities and in
                                                             some instances, such as bald eagle nesting areas,
                       . . .......                           the very presence of humans. However, these
                                                             same areas are undoubtedly the best for nature
                                                             study and nature-related recreation. Activities
                                                             taking place in conjunction with these resources
                                                             must be carefully studied to understand the exact
                                                             nature of the resource and its compatibility with
                                                             the proposed activity.

                                                             The Virginia Outdoors Plan recognizes three
                                                             places within the project study area as "significant
                                                             areas to be considered for inclusion in the state
                                                             natural areas systems". They include:
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                                                                      ... an area of old-growth upland hardwood
                                                                    forest with many distinct montane plants
                                                                    occurring in the coastal plain."
                                                                            Sunken Meadow
                                                                               significant marsh communities
                                                                    remain  Upper Chippokes
                                                                    11 ... a prime freshwater marsh surrounded
                                                                    by a large, near-mature hardwood forest."

                                                             Two other sites appear in the Outdoors Plan which
                                                             are known to have significant natural areas, but
                                                             are not included in the foregoing list because they
                                                             already have separate status. One is Chippokes
                                                             Plantation State Park and the other is Hog Island
                                                             State Wildlife Management Area.

                                                             The Virginia Institute of Marine Science Tidal
                                                             Marsh Inventory lists and maps 85 significant
                                                             marshes in Surry County. The inventory groups
                                                             these marshes into 12 different categories
                                                             according to their dominant vegetation and rates
                                                             their environmental contributions in terms of


                                                              -55-







                                                                  these marshes into 12 different categories
                                                                  according to their dominant vegetation and rates
                                                                  their environmental contributions in terms of
                                                                  detritus production,      waterfowl and wildlife
                                                                  utilization, erosion buffering, water quality control
                                                                  and flood buffering.

                                                                  Listed and mapped in the lower James River
                                                                  Watershed Study are four potential natural areas
                                                                  including Upper Chippokes Creek, Sunken
                                                                  Meadow Pond, Swann's Point and Grays Creek.

                                                                  In conjunction with the Virginia Institute of Marine
                                                                  Science, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
                                                                  developed an environmental sensitivity atlas of
                                                                  Virginia primarily intended to assist in oil-spill dean
                                                                  up. Its maps give the locations of sensitive
                                                                  habitats as occurring at Upper Chippokes, Creek,
                                                                  Upper Gra)(s Creek, Lower Chippokes Creek, Hog
                                                                  Island Wildlife Management Area and Lawnes
                                                                  Creek.


                                                                  As a part of this study, the Commonwealth of
                                                                  Virginia, Department of Conservation and
                                                                  Recreation Division of Natural Heritage searched
                                                                  its biological conservation data base for
                                                                  occurrence of natural heritage resources defined
                                                                  as 1he habitat of rare, threatened or endangered
                                                                  plant and anitnal species, rare'or state significant
                                                                  natural communkies or geological skes, and
                                                                  similar features of scientific interest." The search
                                                                  revealed the identity and approximate location of
                                                                  these resources as follows:


                                                                          1) Hog Island Quadrangle. Haliaeetus
                                                                          leucocephalus (bald eagle,
                                                                          G3/S253/LE/LE) and Carex straminea
                                                                          (straw sedge, G5/S21NF/NS) occur at
                                                                          Gravel Neck. Chippokes State Park also
                                                                          contains nesting areas in College Run.

                                                                          2) Surry Quadrangle. Bufo quercicus (oak
                                                                          toad, G5/S3/NF/NS) has been documented
                                                                          at Timber Neck and has also been found
                                                                          with  'Hyla gratiosa (barking         treefrog,
                                                                          G5/S1 /NF/LT) at Cross Creek. Bald eagles
                                                                          also occur at Black Duck Gut on the
                                                                          Colonial National Historical Park.


                                                                  -56-







                                                                3) Claremont Quadrangle. Bald eagles
                                                                occur at Brandon Gut and Sunken Meadow
                                                                Pond. The epiphytic sedge (Carex
                                                                decomposita, G3G4/Sl/3C/NS) also
                                                                occurs at Sunken Meadow Pond. The
                                                                barking treefrog occurs south of Eastover
                                                                near route 610.

                                                         The   several agencies which have made
                                                         recommendations for protection, designation etc.
                                                         with certain common elements but the
                                                         recommended areas are not always the same.
                                                         The following map combines the areas sited in all
                                                         of the foregoing studies into potential county
                                                         natural areas. All of these studies and agencies
                                                         should be consulted when planning any facility or
                                                         recreational activity related to natural area
                                                         resources.
















































                                                          -57-




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                                                             RESOURCE PROTECTION AREAS (RPA)


                                                             The Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act requires all
                                                             tidewater communities to map RPA:s which are
                                                             41 areas which consist of sensitive lands at or near
                                                             shorelines that have intrinsic water quality value
                                                             due to the ecological and biological processes
                                                             they perform, or are sensitive to impacts which
                                                             may cause significant degradation to the quality of
                                                             state waters."


                                                             The purpose of the RPA's is to protect the quality
                                                             of water within each individual watershed and the
                                                             Chesapeake Bay as a whole. The main areas
                                                             designated are:

                                                                           Tidal and non-tidal wetlands and
                                                                           their shorelines.
                                                                           Any sensitive lands, especially
                                                                           those with environmentally intrinsic
                                    k-Loo V-r                              water quality value.
                                                                           100-foot-wide buffers adjacent to
                                                                           the aforementioned RPNs.



                                                             The implication for water-related recreation is that
                                                             facilities cannot be built within RPAs and buffer
                                                             zones unless they are water-dependent. Examples
                                                             of water-dependent facilities are marinas and
                                                             bathing beaches. However, even within water-
                                                             dependent facilities, components of these facilities
                                                             which are not water dependent and don't already
                                                             exist should not be located in the RPA, i.e. dry
                                                             boat storage at a marina or a parking lot at a
                                                             natural area. The RPA and 100 foot buffer are
                                                             delineated on the following map.
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                                                              -59-









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                                                                111. EVALUATION

                                                               Potential Recreational Activities
                                                               Activity/ Resource Compatibility
                                                           Recreational Activity Requirements









                                                            POTENTIAL WATERFRONT RECREATION
                                                            ACTIVITIES


                                                            Considering the general kinds of waterfront recreation
                                                            activities which will meet the needs and desires of
                                                            Surry County residents and other users, the following
                                                            list of potential waterfront activities was prepared. This
                                                            list is divided into related activities such as fishing and
                                                            boating and generally progresses from lower to higher
                                                            intensity.

                                                            0  Boating

                                                               Small Boat Hand Launching.                This activity
                                                               includes canoes and other small boats which can
                                                               be car-top carried and launched by one or two
                                                               people without special in-water ramp provisions.

                                                               Medium Size Boat Launch With Ramp. This
                                                               activity includes boats which are transported by
                                                               trailer and are launched via in-water ramps with
                                                               stabilized bottom conditions.


                                                               Marina.     Marina activity includes "permanent"
                                                               accommodations for larger boats; launching
                                                               facilities and ramps for small, medium and large
                                                               boats; and various levels of services including
                                                               docking, fueling, etc.


                                                            *  Fish ing/Crabbing

                                                               Bank/Small Pier Fishing. Activities which include
                                                               a small number of people gathered in any one area
                                                               who are line or dip-net fishing or crabbing.

                                                               Medium Pier Fishing. Pier fishing of approximately.
                                                               10 people in a larger water body, but probably
                                                               not located in the James River.


                                                               Major Pier Fishing. Fishing in deeper water by
                                                               larger numbers of people; likely located in the
                                                               James River, or at the mouth of larger creeks.

                                                            0  Nature Study.

                                                               Observation and/or study of marshes, wetlands,
                                   AA

































                                                               forests, habitats, etc.


                                                                -62-








                                                                  Hiking.

                                                                  Pedestrian activities in natural areas.


                                                                  Wilderness Camping.

                                                                  Activities which      involve overnight stays in
                                                                  undeveloped areas.

                                                                  Sightseeing.

                                                                  Activities of observing an individual view or vista; or
                                                                  the continual scenic nature of a corridor.


                                                                  Beach Bathing.

                                                                  Activities   which     center    around      the     sand
                                                                  beach/riverfront environments. This may include
                                                                  sunbathing, swimming, and related activities.

                                                                  Historical Interpretation.

                                                                  Activities   centering     around      visitation     and
                                                                  interpretation of historical and archeological sites.

                                                              0   Picnicking.

                                                                  Outdoor eating and passive recreation, usually
                                                                  within easy reach of auto parking.

                                                              0   Hunting.

                                                                  As relates to waterfront recreational access, the
                                                                  taking of game species with bow and arrow or
                                                                  firearms within the limits of applicable laws, safety
                                                                  and sound environmental practices.

                                                              0   Water Skiing.

                                                                  Skiing behind power boats and jet skiing in safe,
                                                                  open-water conditions.

                                                              0   Sailing[Wind Surfing

                                                                  Sailing of small craft and wind surfing in safe, open
                                                                  water areas.





                                                                -63-








                                                           0  Scuba Diving.

                                                              Diving with self-contained underwater breathing
                                                              apparatus in safe areas of interest.

                                                           0  River Cruise.


                                                              The commercial boat touring of the riverfront to
                                                              observe and/or interpret scenic, natural or historic
                                                              resources.


                                                           0  Camping.

                                                              Overnight stays in areas developed with tent
                                                              camping facilities.

                                                           0  RV Camping.

                                                              Overnight stays in areas developed with sanitary
                                                              and electric facilities for recreational vehicles.


                                                           *  Major Riverfront Tourist Activity.

                                                              Waterfront activity designed to attract tourists and
                                                              tourism to Surry County.

                                                           The key to providing successful recreational facilities
                                                           which take maximum advantage of the resource for
                                                           recreational benefit while protecting, preserving and, in
                                                           some cases, enhancing this resource is in matching
                                                           the needs, demands and impact of the activity with the
                                                           characteristics, potential and holding capacity of the
                                                           resource.


                                                           Obvious examples include matching nature study
                                                           activates with natural areas, historic interpretation with
                                                           historic sites and bathing beaches with flat riverfront
                                                           sites. However, less obvious, but equally important are
                                                           matching marina sites with areas where natural
                                                           flushing action of the water body takes place.

                                                           The following chart matches activities with resources in
                                                           a broad and general way, while the following section
                                                           on recreational activities requirements addresses
                                                           specific criteria and requirements which will take
                                                           advantage of, and protect resources.




                                                             -64-


















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                                                            RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS

                                                            Each recreational activity has a specific set of
                                                            requirements which must be met in order for the
                                                            activity to take place. These requirements must be
                                                            understood and evaluated in a general way when
                                                            looking at the areas where the activities might happen,
                                                            and very specifically when evaluating a given site'for
                                                            its suitability. In the Recommendations section of this
                                                            study, various locations in the County have been
                                                            evaluated and generally found to be suited for the
                                                            recommended activity. The next step beyond the
                                                            study will be to focus on specific sites and evaluate
                                                            them in terms of site requirements and environmental
                                                            compatibility.

                                                            Because many activities listed in the "potential
                                                            activities list" have similar characteristics and site
                                                            requirements, in the interest of avoiding repetition,
                                                            these activities have been grouped together in typical
                                                            schematic plans. Some of these plans are very general
                                                            and can apply to numerous locations, while others are
                                                            site-specific as they respond to opportunities presented
                                                            by a particular site.    It should also be noted that
                                                            individual recreational activities in the typical plans may
                                                            occur without the other related activities, and
                                                            conversely, some or all of the elements in the
                                                            individual schematic plans could be combined together
                                                            with other typical plans into a larger facility on a single
                                                            site. This, in fact, has been recommended for selected
                                                            sites discussed later.


                                                            The following are typical schematic plans and related
                                                            site development criteria. Some or all of these plans
                                                            share the following requirements:
                                                            9  All non-water dependent activities which are not
                                                               already in RPAs should be located outside of these
                                                               designated areas.
                                                            0  Land-disturbing activity must be minimal even for
                                                               waterfront-de pendent uses within the RPA.
                                                            0  All facilities must be handicapped accessible and
                                                               conform to all requirements of the Americans With
                                                               Disabilities Act of 1992.
                                                            0  Dredging should not be more than one foot deeper
                                                               than controlling depths in waterways.
                                                            0  Dredging areas should be connected to natural
                                                               channels of similar depth.
                                                            0  Nesting/ spawning areas of endangered species
                                                               must be avoided.


                                                              -65-






                                                      STREAM ACCESS AND ROAD CROSSING.

                                                      Major Activities: Hand boat launching/ bank and pier
                                                      fishing.

                                                      Ancillary Activities: Nature study, observation areas,
                                                      histo"ric interpretation.

                                                      This plans com6ines the least intensive boating and
                                                      fishing activities which share common requirements.
                                                      The general needs include a safe place to pull off the
                                                      road and unload-a boat, parking within a reasonable
                                                      walking distance, and protection of the RPA and
                                                      water's edge from pedestrian erosion. As the title
                                                      implies, these areas will be located where existing or
                                                      future roads cross, or come close to streams or other
                                                      water bodies.     A logical, economical and least
                                                      environmentally disruptive way to provide this type of
                                                      access may be to attach platforms and structures to
                                                      existing bridges.      However, this approach is
                                                      speculative and will require approval and coordination
                                                      with the Virginia Department of Transportation.


































                                                       -66-












                                                           Criteria Requirements/ Components:


                                                                 ï¿½  Marsh walkway cannot damage
                                                                    environmentally sensitive areas.
                                                                 ï¿½  Bank fishing will not occur on soils with high
                                                                    erodibility potential or slopes.
                                                                 0  Bridge at road crossing
                                                                 ï¿½  Area for cars to pull off (shoulder parking).
                                                                 ï¿½  Hiking/ walking trail.
                                                                    Marsh bridge and/ or small pier.
                                                                    Path to marsh bridge/ pier.
                                                                    Picnic facilities.
                                                                    Option: Bridge catwalk.

                                                         Probable Cost:(Excluding Land)

                                                                    $6,800.00 - $9,000.00
                                                                    Shoulder Parking (5 spaces)
                                                                                                875.00 - 1,125.00
                                                                    Pathway (200 I.f. x Twidth stone dust)
                                                                                                  500.00 - 800.00
                                                                    Nature Trail (1000 Lf. x 3' width)
                                                                                                  250.00 - 500.00
                                                                    Walkway Pier (75 U. x 6' width) -
                                                                                               4500.00 - 5625.00
                                                                    Picnic Table (1)
                                                                                                  300.00 - 400.00
                                                                    Trash Receptacles (2)         400.00 - 500.00





















                                                           -67-









                                                        BOAT RAMP AND/OR MEDIUM PIER

                                                        Major Activities: Launching mid-size boats, fishing.

                                                        Ancillary Activities: Nature study, picnicking, sight-
                                                        seeing, historic interpretation.

                                                        These facilities should be evenly distributed throughout
                                                        the County for easy access by all residents, and
                                                        should be easily accessible from paved or well-
                                                        maintained roads.      The general location on the
                                                        waterfront would be the lower one-third of the larger
                                                        creeks, possibly in protected areas along the James
                                                        River. They will require sufficient water depth, room
                                                        for maneuvering and room for boats waiting to haul
                                                        out, all without disturbing nearby marshes or sensitive
                                                        shoreline areas. Sufficient land area to maneuver and
                                                        back boat trailers must be provided.        Pull-through
                                                        parking spaces for trailers, and parking for single
                                                        vehicles will be needed.





















                                                                 W





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                                                         -68-










                                                         Unless parking and other non-essential waterfront
                                                         components of these activities already exist in the
                                                         RPA, they should be located outside of it. Although
                                                         saving natural vegetation and providing additional
                                                         landscaping to screen vehicles, etc. is desirable, these
                                                         areas should be kept somewhat open in character to
                                                         facilitate policing and security. Porta-johns and easily
                                                         maintained trash receptacles should be provided.
                                                         Water-dependent components of these facilities which
                                                         must be within the RPA must be designed to have the
                                                         least impact on the shoreline. Areas for maneuvering
                                                         and backing boat trailers should be clearly defined and
                                                         physically restricted to the minimal area needed.
                                                         Clearly defined pedestrian paths and, depending upon
                                                         the nature of the shoreline, structures such as marsh
                                                         bridges should be provided to protect plants, soils and
                                                         sensitive areas from pedestrian erosion.


                                                         Criteria Requirements/ Components:

                                                                0  Waterway must be compatible with size of
                                                                   boats to be housed (i.e. width and depth)
                                                                0  Good natural flushing must occur.
                                                                0  Cannot be sited where physical or visual
                                                                   intrusion will threaten areas of high natural
                                                                   resource value.
                                                                   Water depth must be greater then 3' 0".
                                                                0  Fishing and crabbing areas.
                                                                0  Boat ramp with docking pier.
                                                                *  Car/ trailer maneuvering to ramp.
                                                                0  Parking for cars and cars with trailers.
                                                                0  Porta-john facilities.
                                                                0  Hiking/ Walking Trails.
                                                                *  Water must be unsuitable for shellfish
                                                                   growth.
                                                                0  Path to ramp/ Pier.
                                                                0  Picnic facilities.











                                                          _69-











                                                       Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)



                                                                  $172,400.00 - 220,000.00

                                                                  Parking and road (Gravel-115 spaces +
                                                                  1000 If x 24' width road)
                                                                                        16,500.00 - 28,500.00
                                                                  Pathway (200 If x 3' width stone dust)
                                                                                              500.00 - 800.00
                                                                  Boardwalk(100 If x 6'width treated wood)
                                                                                          6,000.00 - 7,500.00
                                                                  Single boat ramp (1)
                                                                                        10,000.00 - 15,000.00
                                                                  Pier (100 If x 12'width)
                                                                                     125,000.00 - 150,000.00
                                                                  Porta - john (2)
                                                                  Trash Receptacles (4)   1,000.00 - 1,400.00
                                                                                            800.00 - 1,000.00
                                                                  Picnic Tables (2)           600.00 - 800.00
                                                                  Dredging (1000 If x 2' deep x 20' wide)
                                                                                        12,000.00 - 15,000.00


























                                                         -70-









                                                         MAJOR FISHING PIER

                                                         Major Activity: Fishing

                                                         Ancillary Activities: Picnicking, observation,, nature
                                                         study, archeological sites.

                                                         A primary fishing pier will likely be located along the
                                                         James River, central to the residents of the County.
                                                         Support functions of parking, etc. will be similar to the
                                                         Boat Ramp[Mediurn Pier with the exception that there
                                                         will be no need to get vehicles directly to the water's
                                                         edge, thus reducing the potential impact on the RPA.'
                                                         The topographic conditions necessary for a boat ramp
                                                         would not be applied to the large fishing pier. More
                                                         parking spaces will be needed for individual vehicles,
                                                         but pull-through parking spaces required by boat
                                                         trailers, of course, will not be necessary. The same
                                                         Porta-john, trash receptacle, policing, etc. requirements
                                                         will also apply.


































                                                           -71-






                                                         Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:
                                                                ï¿½  Waterway must be compatible with size of
                                                                   boats.
                                                                ï¿½  Good natural flushing must occur.
                                                                ï¿½  Cannot be sited close to areas of high
                                                                   natural resource value.
                                                                   Dredging not more than one foot deeper
                                                                   than controlling depths in waterway.
                                                                a  Water depth must be greater than 3'0".
                                                                0  Water unsuitable for shellfish.
                                                                0  Maximum wave height of 1'0".
                                                                0  Water current must be less than 1 knot.
                                                                0  Unimportant for finfish spawning.
                                                                0  Stabilization of shoreline by natural or
                                                                   planted vegetation or rip rap.
                                                                a  Submerged aquatic vegetation must not be
                                                                   present.
                                                                *  Suitable buffer to be maintained if adjacent
                                                                   to wetlands.
                                                                0  Project will not affect, threatened or
                                                                   endangered species.
                                                                0  Less than 50' to a navigable channel.
                                                                4  Parking required.
                                                                *  Porta-john facilities.
                                                                0  Handicapped access.

                                                        Probable Cost:(Excluding Land)

                                                            $345,725.00 - 434,650.00
                                                                Roads & Parking - Minimal grading(Gravel; 40
                                                                spaces + 2500 I.f. x 24'width road)
                                                                                         41 j500.00 - 68,500.00
                                                                Path - Minimal grading (200 I.f. x3' width -
                                                                stonedust)
                                                                                                500.00 - 800.00
                                                                Trails - Minimal grading(2000 I.f. x 3' width)
                                                                Pier (200 I.f. x 12' width)   625.00 - 1250.00
                                                                                       300,000-00 - 360,000.00
                                                                Trash Receptacles (6)       1,200.00 - 1,500.00
                                                                Picnic Table (3)
                                                                Porta-john (2)                900.00 - 1,200.00
                                                                                            1,000.00 - 1,400.00








                                                          -72-






                                                      MARINA

                                                      Major Activity: Boat launching, boat docking, fueling
                                                      service, wet and dry storage of boats.

                                                      Ancillary Activities: Fishing, picnicking.

                                                      Marinas are one of the most intensive and potentially
                                                      environmentally damaging activities along the
                                                      waterfront. Therefore, their location and design is
                                                      extremely important. Generally speaking, they should
                                                      be located on a large creek, in a protected area, close
                                                      to the river where large boat activity takes place.
                                                      Although a marina could be built directly on the James
                                                      River, such a location would not be considered ideal
                                                      because wave conditions would have to be mitigated
                                                      by expensive breakwaters. The marina land area
                                                      should be easily accessible and have sufficient room to
                                                      maneuver and launch boats from large vehicles and
                                                      boat trailers.

















                                                                         VT1
                                                   0@4































                                                        -73-









                                                           Parking of these and other vehicles, as well as dry
                                                           storage area for boats, should be outside the RPA
                                                           wherever possible. Because of the intensity of boating
                                                           use, some type of shore protection is usually required.
                                                           The type of protection must be determined on a site-
                                                           specific basis.

                                                           Minimal services provided at a marina should include
                                                           docking for resident and visitor boats, refueling for gas
                                                           and diesel, a pump-out station with sufficient sewage
                                                           disposal, a general store, and rest rooms. The best
                                                           location for marinas are on points of land rather than
                                                           the inside bend of a stream as the boating activity at
                                                           the point will have less impact on the shoreline. The
                                                           width and size of the water area in front of the marina
                                                           is also important and should be in proportion to the
                                                           number of boats coming in and out at any one time.

                                                           Points of land also provide better flushing action by the
                                                           natural water body which is an essential characteristic
                                                           in siting a marina.

                                                           It is generally thought that using existing or former
                                                           marina sites will be desirable because they will have
                                                           the least additional impact on the RPA. This must also
                                                           be evaluated on a site-by7site basis. In any marina
                                                           situation, best management practices should be strictly
                                                           applied and enforced to minimize environmental
                                                           impact.

                                                           Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:

                                                                  0  Physical dimensions and characteristics of
                                                                     the water body should be compatible with
                                                                     the size of the marina and type of vessels.
                                                                  0  Marinas must have sufficient upland area to
                                                                     provide all necessary parking, stormwater
                                                                     management BMPs, fuel, and sanitary
                                                                     facilities  without     filling  wetlands      or
                                                                     subaqueouslands.
                                                                  a  Marinas should be located        in areas with
                                                                     good natural flushing.
                                                                  0  Marinas should not be sited     close to areas
                                                                     of high natural resource value such as
                                                                     shellfish beds, seagrass communities and
                                                                     areas frequented by endangered species.



                                                              -74-








                                                                   Access channel dredging should be limited
                                                                   to the minimum dimensions needed for
                                                                   navigation and should also avoid sensitive
                                                                   areas (i.e. wetlands, shellfish grounds, and
                                                                   seagrass beds).
                                                                   Dredged material disposal areas should be
                                                                   clearly defined and designated.
                                                                   Piers and wharves crossing vegetated
                                                                   wetland and seagrass areas should be
                                                                   limited to the minimum necessary for water
                                                                   access.
                                                                0  Where vegetated areas are crossed, the
                                                                   height of the pier above the substrate should
                                                                   be equal to one foot less than its width with
                                                                   a three-foot minimum required.
                                                                a  Site-specific stormwater management BMPs
                                                                   are required.
                                                                0  A solid waste disposal (and recovery) plan
                                                                   with facilitated marina user access.
                                                                0  Sanitary facilities and pumpout facilities
                                                                   convenient to marina users.
                                                                a  All fuel facilities must incorporate automatic
                                                                   shutoff valves and must have spill
                                                                   contingency plans.
                                                                *  Methods of insuring against the discharge of
                                                                   wastes, gray water, fuels, bilge wastes.
                                                                0  Facilities incorporating boat maintenance
                                                                   operations shall include plans for the
                                                                   efficient collection and removal of sand-
                                                                   blasting material, paint chips, and other by-
                                                                   products of maintenance operations.
                                                                0  Parking for cars and cars with trailers.
                                                                0  Fueling facility.
                                                                0  Single boat ramp.
                                                                a  Car/ trailer maneuvering to ramp.
                                                                0  Porta-john facilities.
                                                                   Pier/ dock with boat slips.
                                                                   Boat docking.
                                                                   Pathway to dock.
                                                                   Dry storage for boats.
                                                                   Picnic facilities.










                                                           -75-









                                                        Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)

                                                                   $284,900.00 - 430,200.00

                                                                   Stone/ Office/ Restrooms
                                                                                      100,000-00 - 150,000.00
                                                                   Parking and Roads (gravel;40 spaces +
                                                                   2500 If x 24' width road)
                                                                                         41,500.00 - 68,500.00
                                                                   Fuel Facility (1)
                                                                   Single Boat Ramp (1)    4,000.00 - 6,000.00
                                                                                         10,000.00 - 15,000.00
                                                                   Pathway (200 If x 3' width stone dust)
                                                                                               500.00 - 800.00
                                                                   Pier with boat slips (300 If x 12' width) +
                                                                   (20 boat slips)     93,500.00 - 140,500.00
                                                                   Dry storage for boats (10 boats)
                                                                   Trash receptacles (8) 20,000.00 - 30,000.00
                                                                                           1,600-00 - 2,000.00
                                                                   Picnic Tables (6)       1,800.00 - 2,400-00
                                                                   Dredging (1000 If x 2' deep x 20' wide)
                                                                                         12,000.00 - 15,000.00




























                                                          -76-









                                                         OBSERVATION AREA/ TOWER

                                                         Major Activity: Sightseeing, nature study.

                                                         Ancillary Activities:       Bank/small pier fishing,
                                                         picnicking, historic interpretation.

                                                         The observation tower is a response to site condition
                                                         which requires an elevated perspective to gain views
                                                         of significant scenic, natural, or other resources. This
                                                         may be a condition such as the fencing at the mouth
                                                         of Brandon Gut, or getting above dense underbrush at
                                                         the waters edge in natural areas. The structure would
                                                         be pole-type construction to minimize site and
                                                         environmental impact. Parking may be close or remote
                                                         depending upon the specific location of the tower.






































                                                         -77-











                                                          Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:

                                                                  0  Access to be only within parking area, trails,
                                                                     and observation areas.
                                                                  0  Foot bridges must be built over marshes/
                                                                     wetlands.
                                                                  0  Observation platform at 8' 0"+ height.
                                                                  0  Limited parking provided.
                                                                     Path to observation platform.
                                                                     Picnic facilities.


                                                          Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)

                                                                     $271750.00 - 41,300.00

                                                                     Roads & Parking (Gravel; 10 spaces + 1000
                                                                     U. x 24width road)
                                                                                           16,000.00 - 26,500.00
                                                                     Wooden observation platform
                                                                                             8,000.00 - 10,000.00
                                                                     Boardwalk (50 If x 6'width)
                                                                                              3,000.00 - 3,750.00
                                                                     Pathway (100 I.f. x Twidth; stone dust)
                                                                                                  250.00 - 400.00
                                                                     Trash receptacles (1)        200.00 - 250.00
                                                                     Picnic tables (1)
                                                                                                  300.00 - 400.00

























                                                          -78-










                                                           SCENIC/ INTERPRETIVE SITE


                                                           Major Activities: Observation, historic interpretation,
                                                           nature study.

                                                           Ancillary Activities: Picnicking, hiking, fishing.

                                                           These are small, roadside areas to be provided in
                                                           response to a given opportunity such as a significant
                                                           view, wildlife observation area, archaeological site, etc.

                                                           They will have minimal pull-off parking, pedestrian
                                                           paths or trails, interpretive signs and displays, easily
                                                           maintained trash receptacles, and provisions for easy
                                                           policing and surveillance.






































                                                          -79-












                                                            Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:

                                                                    a  Natural areas must provide educational and
                                                                       interpretive opportunities.
                                                                    *  Avoid areas with high soil erodibility.
                                                                    0  Do    not   interact   with    threatened     or
                                                                       endangered species.
                                                                    0  Interpretive signs.
                                                                    0  Shoulder parking.
                                                                    0  Hiking/ Walking trail.
                                                                    0  Picnic Facilities.
                                                                    0  Located in areas with extensive natural

                                                                       resources.
                                                                    0  Historic site and/or natural point of interest.
                                                                    0  Pull off required.

                                                            Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)

                                                                       $3,350.00 - 5,200.00
                                                                       Shoulder parking (four cars)  700.00 - 900.00
                                                                       Trail (2000 U. x Twidth)
                                                                                                   500.00 - 1,000.00
                                                                       Interpretive signage (5 signs)
                                                                                                   750.00 - 1,500.00
                                                                       Trash receptacles (4)       800.00 - 1,000.00
                                                                       Picnic tables (2)
                                                                                                     600.00 - 800.00






















                                                            -80-






                                                         MAJOR NATURAL AREA ACCESS


                                                         Major Activities: Nature study.

                                                         Ancillary    Activities:       Sightseeing,     historical
                                                         interpretation, hiking, wilderness camping.

                                                         These facilities will be located at or near significant
                                                         marshes, wetlands, forests, habitats, or other natural
                                                         area resources. They will include a parking area which
                                                         will accommodate buses and automobiles, rest rooms,
                                                         trash receptacles; potable water and shower facilities
                                                         would be desirable. Depending upon further study, the
                                                         inclusion of a small nature center/classroom/laboratory
                                                         might also be considered. Marsh bridges, observation
                                                         towers, other site-responsive structures will be needed
                                                         to protect the natural area, while providing maximum
                                                         visual and study access to the resource.          Canoe
                                                         access will also be provided if appropriate, as will
                                                         remote, primitive camping areas. Protection of the
                                                         resource will be     the foremost consideration in
                                                         developing facilities.











                              @'A













                          @y




                                                                   MALJOP, @IAIUP)[email protected] APMA



                                                          -81-










                                                           Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:

                                                                   0  Natural areas must provide educational and
                                                                      interpretive opportunities.
                                                                   0  Must be areas already coexisting with some
                                                                      level of human influence.
                                                                   0  Avoid areas with high soil erodibility
                                                                      potential.
                                                                   0  Must not be in an areas where users interact
                                                                      with threatened or endangered species.
                                                                   0  Large parking area.
                                                                   0  Trails, footbridge as necessary.
                                                                      Interpretive signage.
                                                                   9  Rest room facilities.
                                                                   0  Concessions.
                                                                   0  Option: Nature center.
                                                                   0  Picnic facilities.


                                                           Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)

                                                                      $246,000.00 - 331,000.00

                                                                      Trail (4000 I.f. x Twidth)
                                                                                                 1,000.00 - 2,000.00
                                                                      Interpretive signage (10 signs)
                                                                                                 1,500.00 - 3,000.00
                                                                      Roads & Parking (Gravel; 75 spa-ces +
                                                                      2000 I.f. x 24'width road)
                                                                      Restrooms (1 set)      35,000.00 - 42,500.00
                                                                                             35,000.00 - 42,500.00
                                                                      Concession Facilities (1)
                                                                                             40,000.00 - 52,500.00
                                                                      Nature Center (1)
                                                                                             20,000.00 - 30,000.00
                                                                      Trash receptacles (15)
                                                                                                 3,000.00 - 3,750.00
                                                                      Marsh Bridges/ Boardwalk (1500 I.f. x 6'
                                                                      width pressure treated)
                                                                                            90,000.00 - 112,500.00
                                                                      Observation Tower (1)
                                                                                              8,000.00 - 10,000.00
                                                                      Potable Water Supply (1)
                                                                                              7,000.00 - 10,000.00
                                                                      Picnic Tables (10)
                                                                                                 3,000.00 - 4,000.00



                                                            -82-









                                                        BATHING BEACH

                                                        Major Activities: Sun bathing, swimming, small boat
                                                        use, sailing, wind surfing, picnicking and pick-up
                                                        games.

                                                        Ancillary Activities: Hiking, sightseeing, nature study,
                                                        historical interpretation, camping, RV camping, water
                                                        skiing, boat launching, small/ medium/ major fishing
                                                        pier, sailing/ wind surfing.

                                                        Bathing beaches would be located along the James
                                                        River in accessible areas where natural conditions
                                                        facilitate these activities. Facilities would include a
                                                        large parking lot for automobiles, buses and
                                                        recreational vehicles, a bath house/ concession
                                                        building and perhaps a seasonal caretakees residence.
                                                        Other facilities would include a buffer zone between
                                                        parking and a sand beach which would likely be a
                                                        grassy area for horseshoes, pick-up games, etc. and
                                                        picnicking in a variety of shaded and sunny locations.






























                                                         -83-








                                                            The beach area should be as wide as is feasible and
                                                            free of obstructions. Swimming may or may not be
                                                            allowed depending upon water quality, the nature of
                                                            the river bottom, water depths, local currents, etc. If
                                                            swimming is permitted, it will be in a clearly designated
                                                            area with proper lifeguard and rescue facilities. Access
                                                            control will also be needed at this facility. Depending
                                                            upon exact location, the bathing beach area has
                                                            potential of expanding into a major waterfront park
                                                            which could fulfill much of the County's "active"
                                                            waterfront recreation needs in one facility. In this case,
                                                            many of the ancillary activities listed above would be
                                                            included.


                                                            Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:
                                                                   0  Minimum beach size - 100' width with 100'
                                                                      available swimming water (per Virginia
                                                                      Outdoors Plan).
                                                                   0  Cannot occur in marshes/ tidal flats.
                                                                   0  Must occur in areas absent of endangered
                                                                      or threatened species.
                                                                   0  Water depths must meet swimming
                                                                      requirements.
                                                                   *  Water bottom must be safe for swimming.
                                                                   0  Submerged aquatic vegetation must not be
                                                                      present.
                                                                   0  Can not occur. in heavily traveled boat lanes.
                                                                   *  Good transportation network and secondary
                                                                      road system to the site location.
                                                                   0  Beach areas should receive sand deposition.
                                                                   0  Must occur in area with natural protection for
                                                                      beach resource.
                                                                   *  Large parking areas.
                                                                   0  Interpretive signage.
                                                                   0  Path to beach area.
                                                                   0  Restrooms/ changing rooms/ bath house.
                                                                   0  Concessions.
                                                                   0  Camping facilities.
                                                                   0  Life guard station.
                                                                   *  Swimming platform.
                                                                   0  Green/ open space.
                                                                   0  Multipurpose field & courts.
                                                                   0  Picnic facilities.









                                                            -84-








                                                         Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)


                                                                   $223,000.00 - 335,500-00
                                                                   Beach area (1)         20,000.00 - 30,000.00
                                                                   Picnic Tables (10)
                                                                   Picnic Shelters (3)       3,000.00 - 4,000.00
                                                                                          10,000.00 - 15,000-00
                                                                   Multi- Purpose Court (2)
                                                                                           7,000.00 - 10,000-00
                                                                   Bath House (1)         35,000.00 - 50,000-00
                                                                   Concession Facilities (1)
                                                                                          40,000.00 - 50,000-00
                                                                   Roads and Parking (120 spaces +
                                                                   5000 I.f. x 24width road)
                                                                                        87,000.00 - 143,000.00
                                                                   Interpretive Signage (10 signs)
                                                                                             1,500.00 - 3,000.00
                                                                   Pathways (1000 I.f. x 3'width: stone dust)
                                                                                             2,500.00 - 4,000.00
                                                                   Camping facilities (electric/ water hook up)
                                                                   (30 sites)             10,500.00 - 18,000.00
                                                                   Trash receptacles (20)
                                                                   Swimming Platform (1)     4,000.00 - 5,000.00
                                                                                             2,500.00 - 3,500.00






















                                                         -85-








                                                         MAJOR HISTORIC INTERPRETATION


                                                         Major Activity:        Historic interpretation/ tourist
                                                         attraction.


                                                         Ancillary Activities:      Sightseeing, nature study,
                                                         picnicking, river cruise.

                                                         These facilities are an expansion upon historict
                                                         interpretive sites already discussed in that they provide
                                                         exhibits, displays, demonstrations, reconstructions, etc.
                                                         for the purpose of interpreting the history of the
                                                         waterfront in Surry County. They would be located at
                                                         or near major historical sites which are tourist
                                                         destinations. Parking, rest rooms and other tourist
                                                         services are needed here, or nearby. The displays, etc.
                                                         should be easily accessible to the handicapped and
                                                         disabled since they will be major attractions for the
                                                         general public. The example used in the schematic is
                                                         a colonial boat-building facility; however, the theme
                                                         could be logging, railroads, or other historical subjects
                                                         depending upon the site and the opportunity presented.












                                                                       vv@





















                                                                                                   ?!'OAT CIM-VIPJ6



                                                         -86-










                                                           Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:


                                                                      Located at or near sites of historical
                                                                      significance.
                                                                      Must be near waterfront.
                                                                      Historical interpretive signage.
                                                                      Parking facilities.
                                                                      Porta-john facilities.

                                                           Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)

                                                                      Boat Building - $44,225.00 - 73,050.00

                                                                      Roads & parking - minimal grading (Gravel;
                                                                      30 spaces + 2500 U. x 3' width road
                                                                                             40,500.00 - 67,000.00
                                                                      Path - minimal grading (200 I.f. x 3' width;
                                                                      stone dust)
                                                                                                    500.00 - 800.00
                                                                      Trails - minimal grading (2000 U. x Twidth)
                                                                                                  625.00 - 1,250.00
                                                                      Interpretive signs (6)      900-00 - 1,800.00
                                                                      Trash receptacles (4)
                                                                      Picnic tables (3)           800.00 - 1,000.00
                                                                                                  900.00 - 1,200.00


























                                                            -87-










                                                         HISTORIC INTERPRETATION/ RUINS


                                                         Major Activities: Historic interpretation.

                                                         Ancillary Activities: Sightseeing, hiking, bank fishing.

                                                         These facilities are specific responses to historical
                                                         waterfront features which are in ruin and are not likely
                                                         to be rebuilt, yet have a very high interpretive value in
                                                         terms of local history. They are very closely related to
                                                         the Scenictinterpretive sites, but focus on the
                                                         conditions of specific ruins which, because they are on
                                                         private beach property, are not likely to be directly
                                                         accessible to the public. They may have a small
                                                         parking area with a path to a viewing area with
                                                         interpretive signs.









                                         7



                                                         @77
                                          -"i -4"i












                                                                                       1@41%X?ZIGTAT ION AiLIA91, ?JJ1947




                                                          -88-











                                                          Criteria/ Requirements/ Components*


                                                                 ï¿½  Should    occur    in   areas   of    historical
                                                                    significance.
                                                                 0  Small parking lot.
                                                                 ï¿½  Interpretive signage.
                                                                 ï¿½  Hiking/ walking trails.
                                                                    Marsh walk/ bridge (if necessary)
                                                                    Picnic facilities.



                                                         Probable Cost: (Excluding Land)

                                                                    $45,300.00 - 71,1100.00

                                                                    Roads & Parking - minimal grading (Gravel;
                                                                    30 spaces + 2,000 U. x 24'width drive)
                                                                                           33,000.00 - 54,500.00
                                                                    Path - minimal grading (250 U. x 3' width:
                                                                    stone dust)
                                                                                               625.00 - 1,000.00
                                                                    Trails - minimal grading (150 I.f. x Twidth)
                                                                                                  375.00 - 750.00
                                                                    Interpretive Signs (6)
                                                                                               900.00 - 1,800.00
                                                                    Marsh walk/ board Walk (150 I.f. x 6' width)
                                                                                            9,000.00 - 11,250.00
                                                                    Trash receptacles (4)      800.00 - 1,000.00
                                                                    Picnic tables (2)            600.00 - 800.00












                                                          -89-








                                                         MAJOR WATERFRONT ATTRACTION


                                                         The major waterfront attraction is intended to be a
                                                         tourist destination from the Yorktown/ Williamsburg/
                                                         Jamestown area, and a tourisfs introduction into Surry
                                                         County. The underlying theme is the recreation of a
                                                         "turn of the century" wharf environment which might
                                                         have existed in Scotland during that period. It would
                                                         be a very festive atmosphere with facilities which could
                                                         include a museum, dock, reconstructed schooners,
                                                         shops, a floating restaurant, dock for visiting boats, etc.
                                                         Because of the very nature of the idea, a lot of the
                                                         facility would have to be built over the water. Major
                                                         parking and support facilities would be beyond the
                                                         waterfront, outside of the RPA.





























                                                                                                       -T'0@4







                                                         -go-









                                                       Criteria/ Requirements/ Components:


                                                              0  Must be near waterfront.
                                                              0  Good natural flushing must occur.
                                                              0  Cannot be sited where it will damage areas
                                                                 of high natural resource value.
                                                              0  Water must be unsuitable for shellfish
                                                                 growth.
                                                              0  Must be an unimportant area for finfish
                                                                 spawning.
                                                              0  Stabilization of shoreline to be provided by
                                                                 natural or planted vegetation or rip rap.
                                                              0  Submerged aquatic vegetation must not be
                                                                 present.
                                                              0  A suitable buffer must be maintained.
                                                              0  Project will   not affect threatened or
                                                                 endangered species.
                                                                 Should be compatible with existing land and
                                                                 water uses.
                                                                 Large parking area.
                                                                 Concessions.
                                                                 Boat/ ship docking.
                                                                 Path to attraction.
                                                                 Dock facilities.
                                                                 Boardwalk/ bridge/ pier.
                                                                 Picnic facilities.
                                                                 Options:
                                                                    Museum.
                                                                    Reconstructed schooners.
                                                                    Restaurant.
                                                                    Shops.




















                                                       -91-










                                                       Probable Cost:(Excluding Land)

                                                                 $1,051,600.00 - 1,481,550.00

                                                                 Roads & Parking - minimal grading (Gravel;
                                                                 100 spaces + 2500 I.f. x 24' width road)
                                                                                       47,500.00 - 77,500.00
                                                                 Path - minimal grading (200 I.f. x 3' width
                                                                 stone dust)
                                                                 Museum (1)                  500.00 - 800.00
                                                                                    150,000.00 - 200,000.00
                                                                 Shops (4)          400,000.00 - 500,000.00
                                                                 Restaurant
                                                                                    300,000.00 - 500,000.00
                                                                 Dock facilities (10 boat slips)
                                                                                       47,000.00 - 70,000.00
                                                                 Boardwalk (1500 I.f. @ 6' width)
                                                                                     90,000.00 - 112,500.00
                                                                 Trash receptacles (15)
                                                                 Picnic Tables (8)       3,000.00 - 3,750.00
                                                                                         1,600.00 - 2,000.00
                                                                 Dredging (1000 I.f. x 2' deep x 20' wide)
                                                                                       12,000.00 - 15,000.00



























                                                        -92-





































                                                AJ

                                                                     lb


                                            IV. RECOMMENDATIONS

                                                               Overall Recommendations
                                                     Opportunity Area Recommendations
                                                               Implementation Strategies
                                                                                 Priorities
                                                                        Funding Sources
                                                                                  Permits






                                             -93-









                                                               The study has, thus far, looked at and analyzed
                                                               existing conditions and resources, identified potential
                                                               recreational activities, evaluated the compatibility of
                                                               resources with potential activities and presented
                                                               various scenarios for facility development in the form
                                                               of schematic plans and development criteria.

                                                               This    section     of   the     study     will   focus      on
                                                               recommendations.        The first will be General
                                                               Recommendations which will pertain to providing
                                                               waterfront recreation as a whole. This will be followed
                                                               by Area Opportunity Recommendations, focusing on
                                                               places around the county which appear to have
                                                               potential for waterfront recreation, and what that
                                                               potential is. Next will be recommended strategies for
                                                               providing waterfront recreation followed by Priorities,
                                                               possible Funding Sources and finally a Recommended
                                                               Site Development and Permitting process.

                                                               GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

                                                               It should be sufficiently well established at this point
                                                               that Surry County has a wealth of water-related
                                                               resources and therefore, potential to provide a. wide
                                                               variety of recreational activities and facilities to county
                                                               residents, neighboring areas and tourists alike. To
                                                               realize    this   potential,     the    following      general
                                                               recommendations are important.

                                                               PUBLIC AWARENESS


                                                               In the discussion of existing waterfront recreational
                            sumy                               activities at various locations around the county, it was
                         9A=hT10VJ                             pointed out that there is a general lack of awareness
                          46                                   on the part of county residents about recreational
                          0or                                  opportunities which already exist. It is therefore
                                                               recommended that the County increase its public
                           .......                             awareness efforts. This could be done through the
                                                               production and publication of a "Recreational
                                                               Opportunities in Surry County" brochure which could
                                                               outline, by place and type of activity, what is generally
                                                               available in the County with a special section on water-
                                                               related recreation. This could be augmented with a
                                                               p6riodic    Parks and Recreation newsletter which
                                                               reminds people of what is available and informs them
                                                               of special events, etc. it could be further reinforced
                            SUK;















                                                                  -94-









                                                        through agreements with local news paper(s) for a
                                                        weekly "What's Happening In Recreation This Week"
                                                        column or section. Public awareness cannot be over-
                                                        emphasized in delivering recreational services.

                                                        PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT


                                                        Recreational programs are as important as recreational
                                                        facilities; and the two go hand-in-hand.            Many
                                                        additional water-related recreational opportunities can
                                                        be made available simply through the establishment of
                                                        programs. These programs can be designed to take
                                                        advantage of facilities already in the county or other
                                                        locations.


                                                        Typical examples of these programs include:

                                                                      Monthly nature study hikes at Hog Island.
                                                                      Small boat fishing charter from Grey's
                           =ANA                                       Creek Marina or Tylers Beach.
                                                                      Bus trips to the Charles City County
                                                                      fishing pier.
                                                                      A recreational bus tour of waterfront
                                                                      ruins.
                                                                      Head boat fishing charter out of Tylers
                                                                      Beach.
                                                                      Day or week trip to Virginia Beach.

                                                        Programs are basically the only means of providing
                                                        some recreational opportunities which don't currently
                                                        exist in the county until sites can be identified,
                                                        acquired, and facilities developed.

                                                        SPECIAL EVENTS


                                                        Special events are major programs which could add a
                                                        new dimension and vitality to recreation in the County.
                                                        These events could be planned to provide extra
                                                        recreational opportunities to county residents while
                                                        attracting tourists and tourist dollars from outside the
                                                        area.











                                                          -95-









                                                     Several special events come to mind which could
                                                     become annual occasions:


                                                                   Catfish Tournament/ Festival

                                                                   Catfishing has become very popular in
                                                                   recent years and is perhaps, the most
                                                                   popular kind of fishing in the county. A
                                                                   tournament centered around this activity
                                                                   could attract much interest and generate
                                                                   a lot of fun. The tournament could last
                                                                   over a one-week period and culminate in
                                                                   a weekend festival with trophies for
                                                                   various categories of catches, a catfish
                                                                   parade, the crowning of a "king" catfish,
                                                                   a catfish fry and so on.




































                                                        -96-











                                                                     Waterfowl Festival


                                                                     The migration of waterfowl is already an
                                                                     event which attracts many visitors to
                                                                     Surry County, specifically to Hog Island.
                                                                     This could easily be turned into a
                                                                     celebration and annual event featuring a
                                                                     waterfowl art show, decoy carving
                                                                     competition and perhaps a conference at
                                                                     Chippokes centered around wetlands,
                                                                     marine resources, and other water-
                                                                     related issues.


                                                       Of course, the festivals have to be very well planned
                                                       and promoted for the first several years, but they are
                                                       very popular and lucrative events for a locality once
                                                       they get established.      Some of the older, more
                                                       successful festivals of this kind in Virginia are the
                                                       Oyster festival in Urbanna, the Maple festival in
                                                       Monterey, Boardwalk art show and the festival in
                                                       Virginia Beach. These localities would be valuable
                                                       resources for planning such a festival.

                                                       ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC NEED


                                                       The county should conduct a general needs
                                                       assessment and continually monitor the recreational
                                                       needs and desires of its residents. As part of this
                                                       study, the preparation of a county-wide survey of
                                                       recreational needs has been initiated and will be
                                                       conducted with the assistance of the State Department
                                                       of Conservation and Recreation using their PASS
                                                       Computer survey system.         Once this survey is
                                                       conducted, the county will be able to focus more
                                                       directly on what county residents know about existing
                                                       water-related recreational opportunities and what they
                                                       want.


                                                       Following the survey, the county should continue to
                                                       monitor its citizens through questionnaires, telephone
                                                       surveys and feedback from elected and appointed
                                                       representatives.






                                                        -97-









                                                           LAND ACQUISITION


                                                           The major obstacle to the County being able to provide
                                                           water-related recreational facilities is its total lack of
                                                           ownership of waterfront property. The acquisition and
                                                           use of property will be addressed in the strategies
                                                           section which follows, but its importance is worth
                                                           noting as a major general recommendation.

                                                           The county should establish a specific program within
                                                           its planning department to monitor the availability of
                                                           waterfront property and evaluate suitability for the
                                                           various development scenarios presented earlier.

                                                           RESOURCE PROTECTION


                                                           The wealth of opportunities for water-related recreation
                                                           are directly dependent upon the resources identified
                                                           and analyzed in this study and their protection.
                                                           Everything which is done in the county should be
                                                           evaluated in light of its long-term effects on these
                                                           resources, rather than short-term gain.             These
                                                           resources hold the key to the future of Surry County.

                                                           TOURISM

                                                           Tourism is a subject which goes far beyond the scope
                                                           of this study, but is so closely tied to waterfront
                                                           recreation that is must be addressed. Tourism, as an
                                                           industry, would appear to be a very logical future
                                                           direction for Surry County and is recognized as such in
                                                           the Comprehensive Plan. The presence of some of
                                                           the most historical sites in the country and the
                                                           abundance of natural areas would make Surry a prime
                                                           location for such an industry. Over a million tourists a
                                                           year visit the Williamsburg/Jamestown/ Yorktown area
                                                           just across the river.

                                                           Although not all of the tourists who visit there will come
                                                           over to Surry, a sizable number would be attracted by
                                                           the ferry ride, a major waterfront feature at Scotland,
                                                           the county's historic sites, its natural areas, and the
                                                           rural ambiance of the county as contrasted with the
                                                           hustle and bustle and crowded conditions which now
                                                           characterize the Williamsburg area.           The "area
                                                           opportunity recommendation" section of the study
                                                           discusses this proposal.



                                                            -98-







                                                              In recent years, a phenomenon has emerged on the
                                                              national and international scene known as ecotourism.
                                                              Because it is so new, it is still grappling for a definition.
                                                              In a "nutshell" it is tourism built around the idea that
                                                              people in urban and "built" environments want to
                                                              experience natural environments.

                                                              Even without encouragement, Surry is beginning to see
                                                              an influx of visitation from the more densely populated
                                                              urban areas to the east, despite the fact that the vast
                                                              majority of its natural area resources are inaccessible
                                                              to these visitors.
                                          VIf                 Surry would seem ideally suited to develop such a
                                                              ecotourist industry; however, according to the
                                                              Ecotourism Society, the key to sustaining such and
                                                              industry is in "the government's ability to conserve the
                                                              natural environment in order to derive cultural,
                                                              economic and environmental benefits from the natural
                                                              resources of a geographic location." Ecotourism should
                                                              be a very attractive alternative to pursuing economic
                                                              prosperity through traditional development.

                                                              SECURITY AND MAINTENANCE


                                                              One concern about providing the water-related
                                                              recreational facilities presented in this study is how to
                                                              adequately maintain and police them. Places which
                                                              become the center for litter, vandalism, etc. are a net
                                                              liability to recreation in the county and must be
                                                              avoided. Criteria have been presented along with the
                                                              schematic development plans to help facilitate
                                                              maintenance and security. However, this will not be
                                                              sufficient in itself; and a plan for maintenance and
                                                              security must be part of the specific facility-planning
                                                              process.      This will obviously mean an added
                                                              commitment of personnel. One way to assist with this
                                                              and save the county money is to establish
                                                              "neighborhood crime watch" and "adopt a highway"
                                                              type programs. Individuals, business, and civic groups
                                                              could be selected to "adopt a park" for litter pick-up
                                                              and provide periodic surveillance of facilities.

                                                              Facilities should not be provided which cannot be
                                                              secure and adequately maintained.





                                                                _99-

















                                                                              f








                                                                   Z@
                                                          IS






                                                                  ro




                                                         AREA OPPORTUNITIES


                                                         It is important to emphasize that the area opportunity
                                                         recommendations of this study are strategic in nature
                                                         in that identified in them are places where opportunities
                                                         are likely to be and a means of measuring the
                                                         suitability of specific sites for specific recreational
                                                         facilities when they become available. This contrasts
                                                         with the traditional approach of recommending specific
                                                         sites and how they should be developed.

                                                         The strategic approach has been taken for several
                                                         reasons. First, the county currently owns no waterfront
                                                         land on which to provide any kind of access'or develop
                                                         any kind of water related facilities. Since the powers
                                                         of eminent domain are not exercised by local
                                                         governments in Virginia to acquire land for recreational


                                                         -100-









                                                          purposes, the county has no immediate potential for
                                                          specific sites to develop. This strategic approach also
                                                          allows for maximum flexibility to evaluate needs and
                                                          readjust overall plans as sites become available, are
                                                          developed and needs are fulfilled.

                                                          The recommendations for the various areas to be
                                                          considered are by no means all-inclusive.           They
                                                          contain the most obvious areas to consider based
                                                          upon the analysis in this study. Any opportunity which
                                                          becomes present should be explored and evaluated by
                                                          the criteria provided herein.

                                                          During the development of these recommendations,
                                                          three categories or user groups become apparent,
                                                          based upon user's origins and the distance they would
                                                          be willing to travel to take advantage of the
                                                          opportunities, these groups are as follows:

                                                          County Residents    . Activities or facilities which are
                                                          primarily focused on use by county residents.

                                                          County and Surrounding Area Residents. This
                                                          group includes activities and facilities which would not
                                                          only serve county residents, but would attract people
                                                          in surrounding counties.      These users would be
                                                          primarily from those areas which do not have extensive
                                                          water bodies and natural areas and, therefore, water/
                                                          nature-related recreational opportunities.

                                                          Tourists. Activities and facilities which would not only
                                                          attract county and surrounding area residents, but
                                                          would, no doubt, attract tourists who are already drawn
                                                          to the Williamsburg/JamestownNorktown area.

                                                          It should be noted that each successive group also
                                                          includes the former group. It is assumed that some
                                                          type of user fee would be required of non-county
                                                          residents.









                                                          -lol-







































                                          -its





                                                              JM&











                                                          Lawnes Creek/628 Crossing

                                                          This is a typical road/stream crossing where the
                                                          potential for water-related recreation exists. Located at
                                                          the eastern edge of Surry County on the line with the
                                                          Isle of Wight County, it would appear to be suited to
                                                          the construction of a small pier and perhaps an
                                                          attachment to the state highway bridge. There is
                                                          adequate water on both the north and south sides of
                                                          the bridge. However, there is not pull-off or parking
                                                          opportunity close to the water, and local conditions of
                                                          wetlands, topography, etc. would cause parking to be
                                                          some distance away where there is flatter land about
                                                          100 yards west of the crossing. Another drawback of
                                                          this site is a very high volume of traffic going in and
                                                          out of the Virginia Power plant at the opening and
                                                          closing times.


                                                          -102-









                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:

                                                              Small boat hand launching
                                                              Bank/small pier fishing
                                                              Nature study/sightseeing
                                                              Picnicking/roadside rest


                                            676
                                                       Recommendations:
                 V                                            Keep this area in mind as an alternative site
                                                              should land, etc. become available.
                                                              Explore availability of adjacent area for parking.




                                                       Lawnes Crook Boat Ramp


                 J-
                                                       Lawnes Creek Boat Ramp should continue to provide
                                                       boat launching access to Lawnes Creek and the
                                                       James River. The county should encourage the State
                                                       Department of Game and Inland Fisheries to improve
            9NT
                                                       the conditions at the facility and its access road. They
                                            no*        should also be encouraged to provide some sort of
                                            nt
                                                       surveillance of the area to reduce vandalism, littering
                         oac_
                                                       and other undesirable activity. The county might also
                                                       be able to assist in the policing/clean-up efforts by
                                                       organizing volunteer groups. Of course, none of this
                                                       can happen unless the road into the facility is
                                                       upgraded to a condition which can be used by most
                                                       automobiles in most weather conditions. conditions.



                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:

                                                              Small Boat Hand Launching
                                                              Bank Small Pier Fishing
                                                              Nature Study
                                                              Sightseeing
                                                              Picnicking



                                                       -103-










                                                        Recommendations:


                                                                Encourage VDGIF to improve, police and
                                                                maintain the facility.
                                                                Encourage VDGIF to improve the access road.
                                                                Organize neighborhood surveillance/ litter
                                                                campaign.


                                                        Virginia Power Property


                                                        As part of its public relations campaign and display at
                                                        the Surry Nuclear Center, Virginia Power is quite
                37.
                                                        boastful about its role in providing public recreation
                                                        opportunities as a byproduct of its presence in a
                                                        community. This is certainly not true of the Surry
                                                        property since it totally restricts public access. Without
                                                        considering whether or not proximity to a Nuclear Plant
                                                        is hazardous to the public, it would seem that Virginia
                                            m
                                                        Power's shoreline could be well-suited for public
                                                        recreation.



                                                        Potential Recreational Activities:

                                                                Small boat/hand launching
                          2                                     Medium size boat launch with ramp
                                                                Bank fishing/small pier fishing
                                                                Medium pier fishing
                                                                Nature study/sightseeing
                                                                Hiking
                                   50                           Observation area


                             se                         Recommendations:
                                             SU
                                         Z
                                         Q-
                                                                Approach VA Power about use agreements and
              Point..."
                                                                providing public recreation opportunities.
                                             C











                                                        -104-








                                                       Hog Island State Wildlife Management Area


                                         Point         Within the range of compatibility with the wildlife
                                                       management objectives at Hog Island SWMA, there is
                                                       the potential for improving access to the water for
                                                       County residents and visitors alike. This could be
                                                       achieved through the creation of a better trail and
                                                       signage system leading people to areas where bank
                                    H
                                     o e
                                                       fishing and beach activities could easily be reached on
                                                       foot.  Parking relatively close to the areas with
                                                       desig
                                                            nated pathways and shoreline protection
                                      @45.             structures for the launching of small boats could also
                                                       be easily added to the facility without disruption.
                                        0.

                                                       There is a possibility that a boat ramp could be
                                                       accommodated on the western edge of Hog Island.
                                                       However, the remoteness of this area and possible
                                                       water depth problems would not make this a prime
                                                       location.


                                                       A, major improvement that could help facilitate
                                                       recreation at Hog Island could be achieved through
                                                       greater county awareness of available recreational
                                                       opportunities.




                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                             Small boat hand launching
                                                             Medium boat launch with ramp
                                                             Bank/small pier fishing
                                                             Nature study/sightseeing
                                                             Hiking
                                                             Beach bathing (limited to sunbathing on
                                                             beaches)
                                                             Historical interpretation
                                                             Picnicking
                                                             Hunting (controlled)
                                                             Wilderness camping





                                                       -105-









                                                       Recommendations:


                                                              The county make its residents much more
                                                              aware of the opportunities already available at
                                                              Hog Island.
                                                              The county work with the game commission to
                                                              make the waterfront somewhat more accessible.




                                                       Bayse Point (between Virginia Power and Chippokes)


                                                       Within this area are two large tracts of undeveloped
                                                       land with frontage on Cobham Bay, less than a quarter
                                                       mile from Route 650. Depending u on exactly which
                                                                                            p
                                                             may be available, these sites would, perhaps,
                                                       area
                                                       have the potential as a bathing beach, recreation area,
                                                       or a combination of facilities to form a major county
                                                       riverfront park.



                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:

                                                              Small boat/hand launching
                                                              Bank/small pier fishing
                                                              Medium pier fishing
                                                              Nature study/sightseeing
                                                              Hiking
                                                              Camping
                                                              Observation Area
                                                              Beach bathing (shallow water)
                                                              Picnicking
                                                              Sailing
                                                              Wind Surfing
                                                              RV camping


                                                       Recommendations:

                                                              The county    monitor the availability of this
                                                              property and conduct more detailed evaluation
                                                              should it become available.




                                                       -106-

































                                                      Chippokes Plantation State Park

                                                      As has been already stated, Chippokes is a major
                                                      provider of waterfront recreation in terms of historic
                                                      interpretation, nature study and bank fishing. The
                                                      county should work closely with the park staff in the
                                                      development of programs for county residents. They
                                                      should also make county residents more aware of the
                                                      facilities currently available at Chippokes.     These
                                                      programs might include bank fishing on the beach,
                                                      along Cobham Bay, College Run and Lower Chippokes
                                                      Creek; environmental education and nature study
                                                      throughout the Park; and perhaps, canoe and small
                                                      boat access at selected locations.

                                                      Chippokes also has the potential for development of a
                                                      major waterfront, historic interpretation area, and tourist
                                                      attraction.


                                                      -107-









                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                              Small boat/hand launching
                                                              Bank/small pier fishing
                                                              Nature study/sightseeing
                                                              Picnicking
               Q)                                             Camping
                                                              Observation Area
                                                              Hiking
                                                              Historical interpretation
                                                              Tourist attraction

                                            KES

                                                       Recommendations:

                                                              The county work closely with Chippokes State
                                                              Park to develop programs for county residents.
                                                              Where compatible, provide better access for
                                                              small boats and bank fishing.
                                                              Encourage the state, and perhaps, work in
                                                              partnership with them in the development of a
                                                              major waterfront/ historic interpretive area,
                                                              interpreting early riverfront transportation and
                                                              boat-building activity.




                                                       College Run/634 Crossing

                                                       This area is a very picturesque small stream crossing
                                                       near the entrance to Chippokes Plantation State Park.
                                                       Its major attribute is its scenic quality which, if used as
                                                       a recreational site, should be preserved. The stream
                                                       is not large enough to be the focus of any serious
                                                       fishing, although the opportunity to fish could arise
                                                       while picnicking or just enjoying the scenery.

                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                              Bank fishing
                                                              Sightseeing
                                                              Picnicking



                                                       -108-









                                                         Recommendations:

                                                                The county investigate the availability of land in
                                                                this area for a small wayside with one to two
                                                                picnic tables and roadside parking limited to one
                                                                or two cars.




                                           PO


                                            .. ........
                                                         Mount Ivy Beach

                                                         This 5.9-acre parcel of land is owned jointly by the
                                                         property owners of Mount Ivy Beach Subdivision. It
                                                         has road access to a small beach where the remains
                                                         of an old wharf extends several hundred feet into
                                                         Cobham Bay.        Any recreational potential for the
                                   ights                 general public at this site would be dependent upon
                                                         establishing an agreement between the county and the
                                                         homeowners' association.


                                             C6,61       Potential Recreational Activities:
                                                B               Small boatthand launching
                                             jJ7 "Kul           Bank fishing
                                                                Beach bathing
                                                                Picnicking
                                                                Sailing
                                                                Wind Surfing
                                                                Major fishing pier (on wharf ruins)
                                                                Sightseeing
                                                                Historic interpretation




                                                         Recommendations:

                                                                The county explore a use agreement with the
                                                                homeowners' association.






                                                         -109-









                                                            Cobharn Wharf

                                                            Cobham Wharf is a beachfront cottage community with
                                                            the ruins of an old wharf extending several hundred
                                                            feet out into the river. There is no direct access to the
                                                            beach because cottages are located directly at the end
                                                            of the right-of-way and owned privately.           It's not
                                                            thought that access to the beach and ruins is likely
                                                            because of the nature of development in the area.
                                                            However, this is a good area for interpretive signs at
                                                            the end of the road and, possibly, a small parking lot
                                                            at the top of the hill.


                                                            Potential Recreational Activities:

                                                                   Sightseeing
                                        NN                         Historical interpretation


                                                            Recommendations:
                   Cobham
                                                                   The county provide interpretive signage for the
                             Ruins
                                                                   wharf ruins and explore the possibility of
                                                                   providing a small parking area and pedestrian
                                                                   access to the ruins.
                                Amr- WFq1


















                                                            -110-


















                                                                                       Tit


                                            41
























                                                           Crouch Crook

                                                           Crouch Creek has the potential for becoming a very
                                                           colorful and active small waterfront marina/fish market/
                                                           tourist attraction.    The area's scale and unique
                                                           character could be made quite attractive with a
                                                           relatively small expenditure.         Located close to
                                                           Scotland, it is within easy walking distance for
                                                           pedestrians who come over on the ferry and would, no
                                                           doubt, be a favorite stopping point along the tourist
                                                           loop. Here local products, crafts, etc. couldbe sold.

                                                           This is one of the few waterfront areas in the county
                                                           where there is existing parking. The fish market which
                                                           has been there for years could be revived to serve
                                                           county residents and periodic visitors. Canoes and
                                                           small boats could be rented for fishing and boating on
                                                           Crouch Creek, while the boat ramp would be available
                                                           for small power boat access to the river.








                                                          The opportunity for small pier fishing and crabbing
                                                          would be available at the marina, while just across the
                                                          road, at the mouth of the Creek, people could fish from
                                   MP                     the bank. If land were available, this might be a good
                           -.9    Tidal
                                                          location for a medium or even major fishing pier.
                   CIS
                   .&All
                                        OPP'
                ff
                                                          Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                                 Small/medium boat launch
                                                                 Medium boat launch
                                                                 Bank/small pier fishing
                                                                 Sightseeing
                                                                 Medium/major fishing
                                                                 Waterfront attraction on tourist loop

























                                                          Recommendations:

                                                                 The     county      encourage         restoration/
                                                                 redevelopment of this area to a viable waterfront
                                                                 small boat marina, market, and tourist
                                                                 attraction.
                                                                 The county explore the idea of public/private
                                                                 partnership or tax incentives to help this activity.
                                                                 The county explore availability of land and/or
                                                                 land use agreement on the river side of the road
                                                                 for bank fishing and pier construction.


                                                          -112-





















                                                          f






















                                                          Scotland Wharf/Tourist Loop

                                                          Scotland Wharf is an opportunity waiting to happen,
                                                          one which is long overdue. It has the potential to
                                                          develop into a major waterfront attraction like, but on
                                                          a smaller scale,        Battoman      Harbor,     Lowell
                                                          Massachusetts, or closer in scale, St. Michaels,
                                                          Maryland.

                                                          The development of Scotland Wharf could create a
                                                          strong sense of place and destination attracting tourists
                                                          over to the "Surry side."

                                                          One development concept for the area would be to
                                                          build upon the late 1800's theme of the wharf town
                                                          where the narrow gauge railroad delivered timber to be
                                                          loaded onto schooners at the dock. Possible facilities
                                                          in the complex would include a museum, floating


                                                          -113-








                                                        restaurant, gift shops, and perhaps, even some lodging
                                                        accommodations on the shore. River cruises could
                                                        originate at the Wharf and tour the Surry side, as well
                                                        as the Colonial National Park area, Jamestown, etc.

                                                        This is obviously an ambitious idea and there are
                                                        numerous obstacles to overcome, such as parking
                50
                                 8M 6                   placement, method of idea initiation, etc., but it is a
                                                        viable concept which could convert Scotland Wharf into
                                                        a regional attraction.

                                       amp
                      13              ...hanco          Scotland Wharf would not only be a major waterfront
                                   0 -1  a,             attraction in itself, but would be the beginning and
                                      Ara-__ _J
                                                        ending point for a tourist loop which would start at the
                                                        Wharf, continue to the town of Surry, on to Bacon's
                                                        Castle, to Chippokes, to Crouch Creek and back to
                                                        Scotland. An extended loop would take in Hog Island
                                                        and the Virginia Power Visitors Center. There could
                                                        also be a multi-purpose trail along this route to
                                                        accommodate cyclists.

                                                        Obviously, this is not a project the county would
                                                        undertake on its own, but would perhaps be a partner
                                                        in a team of multiple business, civic and other
                                                        interests. Potential investors might include Virginia
                                                        Power, which has a vested interested in the community
                                                        already; local businesses such as, those producing
                                                        ham and peanut products, and even neighboring
                                                        communities such as, Smithfield, whose own waterfront
                                                        plans would be enhanced through a link with Scotland
                                                        Wharf and the Scotia nd/Jamestown Ferry. Such a
                                                        development would be a boon to the local economy
                                                        and create the most desirable spin-offs in the form of
                                                        jobs, enhancements, etc.

                                                        Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                               Museums
                                                               Restaurants
                                                               Boat docks/ Services
                                                               Shops
                                                               Lodging
                                                               River cruise
                                                               Head boat departure/ arrival


                                                        -114-









                                                            Recommendations:

                                                                   Conduct project and market feasibility study for
                                                                   investment and revenue projections.
                                                                   Seek interested project participants, i.e., Virginia
                                                                   Power.
                                                                   Prepare a preliminary plan n i ng/feasibility/
                                                                   marketing study.
                                                                   Prepare a developer inquiry/ RFP.
                                                                   Monitor availability of key waterfront properties
                                                                   and acquire these properties as they become
                                                                   available.





                                                            Grey's Crook Heights

                                                            Because of its central location, ease of access,
                                                            positioning near the mouth of Greys Creek and the
                      . .........
                                                                t launch and docking facilities already present, this
                                  40-                       boa
                7"'f,
                                                            area is one of the best locations for a small marina in
                                  P n@1@2
                             r,                             the County. The major obstacle here is the property is
                                 J,
                                                                       owned by the Grey's Creek Heights
                                                            privately
                7;                                          community homeowners' association. It is doubtful this
                                                            area could be purchased, but perhaps an agreement
                                                            could be   reached for its use by the general public
                                                   @i'      through tax incentives, agreements for improvements
                                                   3
                                                            by the county, etc.

                      Cr
                                                            Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                                   Hand launching ,
                                                                   Medium boat launching
                                                                   Medium pier fishing
                                                                   Small marina
                                                                   Sightseeing
                                                                   Picnicking

                                                            Recommendations:


                                                                   The county pursue purchase of a use
                                                                   agreement with the Grey's Creek Homeowners
                                                                   Association


                                                            -115-








                                                         Grey's Crook Marina

                          ir
                                                         As an existing public business marina, this facility
                       -Ut
                      C,
                                           k,            offers perhaps, the best opportunity for marina
                                7t
                                                         development in the county despite its limitations of
                                                         access, topography, etc.      It is possible, through a
                                                         publictprivate partnership or tax and/or other incentives
                                                         for the county, to generate improvements to this facility
                                                         which are very badly needed.


                                                         Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                                Small boat launching
                                                                Medium boat launching
                                                                Small pier fishing
                                                                Marina
                                                                Possible head boat dock departure/arrival area




                                                         Recommendations:

                                                                The county pursue marina improvements
                                                                through     private     business       channels,
                                                                publictprivate partnership and other incentives.



                                                         626 Crossing of Dark Swamp


                                                         This is a small stream crossing at the head-waters of
                                                         Grey's Creek.      It is a very picturesque swamp
                                                         environment which already has a wide shoulder pull-off
                                                -0       area able to accommodate about three cars. The
                                    06@    J             scenic value of the area is very high; and recreational
                                      V I)
                                              7
                                              I -        uses should respect and preserve this quality. It would
                                              +
                                       Q5-               seem to be an ideal area to put in a canoe, particularly
                                                         for nature study, and just experiencing the swamp
                                                         environment by boat. A small platform for fishing and
                                    6J                   hand-launching could be installed adjacent to the
                                                         bridge, or attached to it.



                                                         -116-









                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:

                                                              Small boat hand launching
                                                              Bank fishing
                                                              Small pier
                                                              Sightseeing
                                                              Nature Study
                                                              Picnicking

                                                       Recommendations:

                                                              Explore the acquisition of land or a use
                                                              agreement for the area.



                                                       Grey's Creek/618    Crossing


                                                       This is an area similar to the preceding one, but
                                                       somewhat larger in size and opportunities. Although,
                                       j               not quite as picturesque or swamp-like in character, it
                                                       would possibly better accommodate fishing activities.
                                                       Once again, a small dock-pier hand-launching facility
                                                       could be installed at or near the bridge.
                                       A7
                              6



                                                       Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                              Small boat hand launching
                                                              Bank and small pier fishing
                                                              Sightseeing
                                                              Nature Study
                                                              Picnicking




                                                       Recommendations:

                                                              Explore the acquisition of land       or a use
                                                              agreement for the area.




                                                       -117-









                                                        Swanns Point



                                                        Although the national park land is only accessible by
                                                        boat, it does have recreational potential. Because it is
                                                        owned by the National Park Service, any use of the
                                                        property would have to be with their concurrence. The
                                                        property above the park is a large, privately owned
                                                        farm and there are no specific recommendations for its
                                                        use. However, it is worth noting that some of the more
                                                        spectacular views, along the entire length of the tidal
                                                        James, are from this site. Should this property ever
                                                        become available, it should be considered for inclusion
                                                        in State or National Park Service system.

                                                        Potential Recreational Activities:


                                                               Bank fishing
                                       oint                    Nature Study
                 Z@C I., COIADGAL NA
                                                               Sightseeing
                      -1D
                                                               Hiking
                                                               Historic Interpretation
                                                               Picnicking
                                    dal
                                    at                         Beach Bathing

                                                        Recommendations:

                            610                                Contact National Parks Service concerning use
                                                               of parks and possibly of County/ Park service
                                                               programs.



                                                        Eastover, Pipsico, Camp Chanco

                                                        As these properties are owned by civic organizations,
                           NX
                                                        the likelihood that something can be worked out for
                                                        limited public access to waterfront recreation would
                                                        seem much more likely than on privately owned land.
                                 J60nS
                                                        These properties are already being used for
                                                        recreational purposes and have facilities available. An
                                                                                                        -exempt,
                                                        argument could be made, since they are tax
                                 J
                                                        but benefit from county services, it would be
                                                        appropriate for them to assist the county in fulfilling
                                                        some of its recreational needs.








                                                        Potential Activities:

                                                               Bank fishing
                                                               Small boat hand launching
                                                               Sailing
                                                               Wind surfing
                                                               Nature study
                                                               Sightseeing
                                                               Historical interpretation (Eastover)
                                                               Hiking
                                                               Camping

                                                        Recommendations:

                                                        The county negotiate a use agreement with these
                                                        property owners. If property becomes available, include
                                                        a public awareness program and develop parks and
                                                        recreation programs for organized use.

                    fill &

                                                        Sunken Meadow Pond/ 626 Crossing


              LM                        CV,%,
                                                        This is a very scenic, open-pond environment which is
                                                        p
                                                         rivately owned and posted against trespassing,
                                                        fishing, hunting, etc. It would appear to be a good spot
                                                        for fishing and construction of a small platform
                                                        attached to the highway bridge. The only opportunity
                                                        for a parking area would be several hundred yards
                                                        away which somewhat limits the potential of this area.


                                                        Potential Activities:


                                                               Small boat hand launch
                                                               Bank/ small pier fishing
                                                               Sightseeing


                                                        Recommendations:


                                                               county pursue use agreement with property
                                                               owners.



































                                                         Sunny Meadow Beach/ Sunken Meadow Pond
                                                         North End

                                                         These are two separate properties with different
                                                         owners, adjacent to each other, divided by Route 626.
                                                         Together they offer the best natural potential for a
                                                         county-wide waterfront recreation park. The area is
                                                         centrally located on the riverfront and is directly
                                                         accessible by Route 626. Except for historic.
                                                         interpretation and nature, it has the opportunity for
                                                         virtually every other water-related recreational activity
                                                         considered in this study.

                                                         On the riverside of 626, at Sunny Meadow Beach, the
                                                         presence of an existing bathing beach, the natural lay
                                                         of the land, and the size of the site make it ideally
                                                         suited for sunbathing, pick-up games, picnicking, and


                                                         -120-








                                                           a large parking area without extensive grading or
                                                           disruption of the land. A medium or large pier could be
                                                           built out into the river which would separate boating
                                                           activities from swimming. A structure already exists
                                                           which could be converted to a bath house facility
                                                           without building a new building in the flood plain.

                                                           This site may even have the potential of developing a
                                                           small marina by excavating an area on the edge of the
                                                           Sunken Meadow Pond outflow canal and constructing
                                                           a
                                                             breakwater where the canal enters the river.

                           . ........
                                                           The obvious restrictions are that it is a privately owned,
                                                           densely developed, vacation mobile-home park.
                                                           However, most, if not all, of the property is located in
                                              CO           the flood plain making these mobile homes subject to
                                                           flooding, which is a potential threat to public health,
                                                           safety and welfare and might justifiably be phased out
                                          av @Pj
                                                           of existence.






















                                                                                     F.-





                                                                                                                     4









                                                           -121-








                                                          Just across Route 626 is North Sunken Meadow Pond.
                                                          This is the site of a small john-boat concession which
                                                          no longer appears to be in business. The area is ideal
                                                          for resumption of this kind of activity as a major fresh
                                                          water fishing lake. A medium size pier can easily be
                                                          installed, and the area near the existing buildings could
                                                          easily be converted into parking. This site, combined
                                                          with Sunny Meadow Beach, could go a long way in
                                                          fulfilling the "active" water-related recreational needs of
                                                          the county.

                                                          Potential Activities:


                                                                 Bank/Medium/Major Pier Fishing
                                                                 Small Boat hand launching/ Medium ramp
                                                                 Marina
                                                                 Sightseeing
                                                                 Camping
                                                                 Nature study



                                                          Recommendations:


                                                          0      Assess feasibility of phasing out current
                                                                 nonconforming uses, purchase and conversion
                                                                 to county-wide waterfront recreation park.

























                                                          -122-








                         OUght                         Guilford Heights

                                                       This is an older waterfront vacation cottage community
                                                       located just east of Claremont. It has a commonly
                                                       owned recreational area with a boat ramp, parking lot,
                                                       picnic and beach area which is less that one-quarter
                                                       mile off of the state road. However, this area is only
                                                       accessible directly through the community which visibly
                                                       displays signs of "Keep Out," "Private," "Resident
                                                       Only." This creates doubt about the owner's willingness
                                            *'Ti I
                                                       to agree to any general public use, but perhaps, there
                                                       is the possibility on a controlled basis.




                                                       Potential Activities:


                                                              Small boat hand launching
                                                              Bank fishing
                                                              Hiking
                                                              Beach bathing
                                                              Picnicking
                                                              Water skiing
                                                              Sailing
                                                              Wind surfing




                                                       Recommendations:

                                                              Negotiate with homeowners' association for
                                                              public use. If agreement can be reached to
                                                              develop use programs.















                                                       -123-








                                                          Sloop Point

                                                          This is riverfront property owned by the Hartz and
                                                          Rogers subdivision homeowners' association, located
                                                          at the end of Route 1220 in Claremont. The area has
                                                          a sandy beach, about 50 feet deep, with the remains
                                                          of an old wharf at the waters edge.

                                                          The town of Claremont owns a .257 acre parcel of land
                                                          behind the beach in this area which is thought to be
                                                          the parking area at the end of Route 1220.

                                                          The old wharf remains would appear to be suited to
                                                          reconstruction as a fishing pier. Nautical charts indicate
                                                          that the water depth drops off more rapidly in this area
                                                          than in anywhere else in the county. Therefore it might
                                                          be a good riverfront location for a boat ramp. As the
                                                          river is at its narrowest point, protection from currents
                                                          might be necessary.

                                                          The USGS maps and nautical charts indicate wrecked
                                                          vessels between this area and Claremont Beach. The
                 ..........
                                                          presence of these wrecks might offer an interesting
                                                          area for scuba diving or subaqueous archeology.

                                                          Potential Activities:


                                                                 Small boat hand launching
                                                                 Medium boat launch with ramp
                                                                 Bank fishing/ long pier fishing
                                                                 Medium pier fishing
                                                                 Sightseeing
                                                                 Beach bathing
                                                                 Historic interpretation
                                                                 Picnicking
                                                                 Water skiing (actual skiing down stream where
                                                                 river is wider)
                                                                 Sailing/ Wind surfing
                                                                 Scuba diving








                                                          -124-









                                                         Recommendations:

                                                                County work with the town of Claremont in
                                                                purchasing or working out a use agreement with
                                                                the homeowners' association.
                                                                If property can be purchased or an agreement
                                                                reached, developing a riverfront park.




                                                         Claremont Beach


                                                         Claremont Beach is an older river / beach-front
                                                         vacation community of permanently cited mobile
                                                         homes and conventionally built houses. It has a boat
                                                         ramp which can be used by the public for a fee, but
                                                         the display of "private," "no trespassing" signs at the
                                                         entrance into the community discourages public use by
                                                         people not familiar with the facility.

                                                         A very interesting old wharf ruin with an overhead
                                                         structure extends into the river about 150 feet. It
                                                         creates a curious site, one which is an ideal subject for
                                                         historic interpretation. Perhaps, it could even be
                                                         reconstructed as a fishing pier if public access were
                                                         obtained.

                                                         Second only to the Sunny Meadow Beach, this area
                                                         has the best natural potential as a waterfront bathing
                                                         beach park. The area from the boat ramp west for
                                                         approximately 200 yards has a park-like setting with a
                                                         large expanse of grass under trees and a sand beach
                                                         about 30 feet deep.

                                                         Potential Activities:


                                                                Small boat hand launching
                                                                Medium boat launch with ramp
                                                                Bank fishing
                                                                Small/ medium pier fishing
                                                                Sightseeing
                                                                Beach bathing
                                                                Historical interpretation
                                                                Picnicking


                                                         -125-








                                                              Water skiing (actual skiing down stream where
                                                              river is wider)
                                                              Sailing/ wind surfing
                                                              Scuba diving

                                                       Recommendations:
                13M
                112
                                                              Explore acquisition of beach property west of
                                                              the boat ramp.
                                                              Work with the community to provide access to
                                                              the public.
                                                              Clarify boat ramp signs so that they are clearly
                                                              for public use.





































                                                       -126-













































                                        71
                                                                    J,



















                                                  Brandon Gut



                                                  The drive to the mouth of Brandon Gut is one of the
                                                  most scenic, not only in the county, but in the region.
                                                  It offers the rare opportunity to experience a swamp
                                                  wilderness environment from an automobile, thus
                                                  offering the unusual potential for access and
                                                  interpretation of this kind of ecosystem to the
                                                  handicapped, disabled, etc.


                                                  -127-








                                                        Unfortunately the access / right-of-way ownership is
                                                        the subject of a dispute between the Town of
                                                        Claremont and the adjacent land owner and the future
                                                        of public access is in question. The area at the end of
                                                        the right-of-way has exceptional views of Upper
                                                        Chippokes Creek and Brandon Gut but has
                                                        unfortunately been marred by the construction of a ten-
                                                        foot chain link fence surrounding the parking/
                                                        turnaround area.

                       914                              If ownership of the right-of-way is decided in favor of
                                            't          the town, interpretive signs should be installed at the
                                            T"!         edge of the roadway to explain the natural area.
                                                        Assuming the fence at the parking/ turnaround cannot
                                                        be removed, an observation tower could be
                                                        constructed to get above the fence and take advantage
                                                        of the spectacular views. If the fence can be removed
                                                        and access obtained to the waters edge, it would be
                                                        a
                                                            od place for a small or medium fishing pier, which,
                                                         go
                                                            rding to local residents, used to be at the site.
                                                        Although the road and tum-around are not very wide,
                                                        they should remain as they are so as not to disrupt the
                                                        environmental and visual quality of the area.

                                                        Potential Activities:


                                                              Small boat hand launching
                 Al
                                                              Bank fishing
                                                              Small or medium pier fishing
                                                              Sight seeing
                                                              Picnicking
                                                              Hiking
                                                              Nature study

                                                        Recommendations:

                                                              Assist the Town of Claremont in keeping road
                                                              access open to the public.
                                                              Construct interpretive, decorative signage along
                                                              the roadway.
                                                              Construct observation tower at turn around.
                                                              Construct fishing pier if access can be obtained.
                                                              Take special precautions to protect the
                                                              environmental and visual quality of the area.


                                                        -128-








                                                             Upper Chippokes Creek/ Route 10 Crossing

                                                             This area should continue to be available on a
                                                             seasonal basis for dip-net herring fishing.
                           CIA
                                                             Potential Activities:


                                                                     Bank fishing

                                          i,rel
                                                             Recommendations:


                                                             Negotiate formal use agreement with         land owners in
                                                0            the area to ensure future availability for seasonal dip-
                                                             net fishing.



                                                             Surry County Recreation Center


                                                             It has been suggested that the recreation center would
                                              (Suitry,       be a good location for construction of a recreation lake.
                                                             This would place water-related recreation activities of
                                                             small boats, fishing, picnicking, etc. close to other
                                                             activities provided at the center which would
                                                             consolidate facilities.


                                                             Potential -Activities:

                                        41#                          Small boat hand launching
                                                                     Bank/ Small pier fishing
                                                                     Nature study
                                                                     Hiking
                                                                     Camping



                                                             Recommendations:

                                                                     Explore topographic, soil, watershed feasibility
                                                                     of lake construction.
                                                                     Explore construction of funding assistance from
                                                                     the State Department of Game and Inland
                                                                     Fisheries.




                                                             -129-
















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                                                   POTENTIAL COUNTY NATURAL AREAS (PCNA)

                                                   Areas have been identified on the natural area
                                                   resources   map   and    are   included   on    the
                                                   recommendations    map. They include:        Upper
                                                   Chippokes Creek,  Brandon Gut, Sunken Meadow
                                                   Pond, Swann's Point, Upper Grey's Creek, Crouch's
                                                   Creek, College Run, Lower Chippokes Creek, and
                                                   Lawnes Creek. Depending upon the characteristics
                                                   which distinguish these individual areas, any or all of


                                                   -130-









                                                           them could and should be considered for inclusion in
                                                           a natural areas system. The use of these areas might
                                                           be as simple as obtaining easements to protect
                                                           resources with very limited public access and no
                                                           development of facilities. Other areas. might become
                                                           the site of nature/ historic interpretation, a major nature
                                                           study area with a nature center involving acquisition of
                                                           at least part of the natural area for construction of
                                                           necessary buildings, parking areas, etc.

                                                           Chesapeake Bay national Estuarine Research
                                                           Reserve System (CBNERRS-VA)

                                                           The CBNERRS-VA was established in 1991 for the
                                                           purpose of providing field laboratories for long-term
                                                           ecological research and monitoring. The ecosytems in
                                                           which these are set up are to represent natural
                                                           ecological conditions with minimal disturbance as a
                                                           result of human activity. The CBNERRS-VA is
                                                           managed by VIMS and is a part of the National
                                                           Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS).

                                                           A likely scenario for most, of these areas would be an
                                                           easement program to protect the resources combined
                                                           with use agreements for the installation of minimal
                                                           facilities including trails, marsh bridges, observation
                                                           towers, and minimal parking areas.


                                                           Potential Activities: (Depends upon the exact nature of
                                                           the area and resource)

                                                                  Small boat hand launching
                                                                  Bank/ small pier fishing
                                                                  Nature Study
                                                                  Hiking
                                                                  Wilderness camping
                                                                  Sightseeing
                                                                  Historic interpretation
                                                                  Hunting (restricted, compatible with resource
                                                                  management)






                                                           -131-










                                                         Recommendations:

                                                               Study PCNA's to refine area definitions.
                                                               Establish    an   easement     program      for
                                                               protection of PCNA resources.
                                                               Monitor    availability   of   property     for
                                                               acquisition.
                                                               Approach land owners of PCNA's              for
                                                               easement/ donation/ use agreements.
                                                               Explore outside programs such as VIM's for
                                                               development in county PCNA's.
                                                               Make public aware of existing and future
                                                               opportunities as they become available.




                                                         Key to Potential Recreational Opportunities
                                                         Listed on the following Map:


                                                         1. Small boat hand launching
                                                         2. Medium size boat launch with ramp
                                                         3. Marina
                                                         4. Bank/ small pier fishing
                                                         5. Medium pier fishing
                                                         6. Major pier fishing
                                                         7. Nature study
                                                         8. Hiking
                                                         9. Wilderness camping
                                                        10. Sightseeing
                                                        11. Beach bathing
                                                        12. Historic interpretation
                                                        13. Picnicking
                                                        14. Hunting
                                                        15. Waterskiing
                                                        16. Sailing / wind surfing
                                                        17. Scuba diving
                                                        18. River cruise
                                                        19. Camping
                                                        20. RV camping
                                                        21. Waterfront attraction






                                                         -132-






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                                                           STRATEGY:
                                                           Because the County does not own any waterfront
                                                           property on which to develop facilities, there are three
                                                           alternative avenues or strategies available to provide
                                                           water-related recreation opportunities. These include
                                                           acquiring property on which to develop facilities,
                                                           providing programs which travel to other facilities
                                                           outside the county and implementing a use agreement.

                                                           It. is likely that all three strategies will need to be
                                                           emplo yed, depending heavily on programs outside the
                                                           county, until sites can be acquired or use agreements
                                                           implemented.

                                                           Programs have already been discussed under General
                                                           Recommendations and do provide a viable, though
                                                           inconvenient and in the long run, expensive, way of
                                                           facilitating the most pressing needs. The programs can
                                                           be established by the Parks and Recreation
                                                           Department in response to a user survey and other
                                                           means of demand assessment.


                                                           The need to monitor availability and acquire waterfront
                                                           property has also been discussed under General
                                                           Recommendations. One strategy for land acquisition
                                                           would be the formation of a parks and recreation
                                                           foundation which could receive tax-free gifts of land or
                                                           money on and with which facilities could be developed.
                                                           The foundation could raise money and have it ready to
                                                           acquire property as it becomes available, thus
                                                           reducing missed opportunities.

                                                           Property acquisition is the ultimate solution, but will be
                                                           a long-term project. However, it doesn't mean it can be
                                                           put off. Acquisition should be the highest priority in
                                                           implementation strategies.

                                                           Use agreements can be thought of as both immediate
                                                           and mid-term solutions to providing facilities, although,
                                                           agreements such as resource protection easements
                                                           can be long-term or even perpetual.

                                                           The potential of agreement is only limited by what can
                                                           be agreed upon. The following categories of land
                                                           owners and potential for use agreements are
                                                           discussed in descending order of potential.




                                                           -134-








                                                             State/ Federal Lands:
                                                             The potential for use agreement on state lands is very
                                                             high within the limits of the resource management and
                                                             program objective for the specific land in question. This
                                                             should be one of the first areas of negotiation for use
                                                             agreements.

                                                             Civic Organizations:
                                                             Civic organizations also have a     high potential to enter
                                                             use agreements for reasons already presented.

                                                             Agreements with Business/ Industry:
                                                             This strategy and potential is basically limited to one
                                                             company, Virginia Power. Recreational potential of the
                                                             Virginia Power site has been discussed in the area
                                                             opportunity section and is thought to be high.

                                                             Private Land/ Timber Company:
                                                             If the issues of liability and maintenance can be
                                                             satisfactorily   addressed,       negotiation    for     use
                                                             agreements is thought to be potentially productive.
                                                             These would likely be short-to mid-term agreements
                                                             with termination clauses so as not to encumber the
                                                             sale of property.

                                                             Agreements with Homeowners' Associations:
                                                             This strategy would vary from community to community
                                                             depending upon the attitude of property owners and
                                                             community leaders. The county could offer other
                                                             incentives such as reduced taxes, assistance with
                                                             improving and monitoring facilities, etc. which might
                                                             make agreements attractive. Limitations on the amount
                                                             and time public use is allowed may also make an
                                                             agreement more likely. Issuance of passes and
                                                             permits, limiting the number of people using the
                                                             facilities, may also make the idea more acceptable.

                                                             Private Land Owners:
                                                             Any agreements with private land owners are likely to
                                                             be in the area of resource protection easements rather
                                                             than agreements which allow the public onto their
                                                             property. The larger the tract of land and the lesser the
                                                             use, the more likely an agreement. However, some
                                                             very civic-minded individuals who support recreation do
                                                             exist and may be willing to a enter into a use
                                                             agreement.




                                                             -135-









                                                             FUNDING
                                                             Providing waterfront recreational opportunities in Surry
                                                             County will require some creative thinking and action
                                                             in acquiring funds for implementation of such facilities.
                                                             The success of funding such improvements will partly
                                                             be determined by the willingness of county residents to
                                                             absorb, either directly or indirectly, the cost of building
                                                             and maintaining these facilities. On the other hand,
                                                             there are sources outside of the county for obtaining
                                                             funds for these proposed projects.

                                                             There are several state funding programs which could
                                                             help serve the waterfront recreational needs of Surry
                                                             County, among them the Virginia Outdoors Fund
                                                             (VOF). The VOF is administered by the Department of
                                                             Conservation and Recreation Division of Planning and
                                                             Recreation Resources (DPRR). Monies are allocated
                                                             for   specific    qualifying    projects    with     special
                                                             consideration for those agencies not having previously
                                                             received DPRR assistance. The VOF encourages the
                                                             rehabilitation of older parks and facilities, the gifts of
                                                             lands, the utilization of private capital, and the
                                                             utilization of existing resources.

                                                             Th e Chesapeake Bay Youth Conservation Corps.
                                                             (CBYCC) is a program administered by the Virginia
                                                             Division of Planning and Recreation Resources with
                                                             the goal of improving the overall quality of the
                                                             environment of the Chesapeake Bay. Through the
                                                             employment of mostly economically disadvantaged
                                                             youth (ages 16-21 years of age), this program is labor-
                                                             oriented and sponsors projects, such as shoreline
                                                             stabilization and erosion control, which focus mainly on
                                                             waterfront access.


                                                             The recreational access program of VDOT was
                                                             designed to provide adequate access to or within
                                                             publicly developed recreational areas of historic sites
                                                             operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia, or by a
                                                             local    government      or    authority.     Construction,
                                                             reconstruction, maintenance, and improvement of road
                                                             and bikeways are eligible for recreational-access
                                                             funding. All roads must be designated as scenic
                                                             highways or Virginia byways.


                                                             -136-








                                                         The following are potential funding sources:

                                                         County Government/ Local Sources

                                                                Operating Budget:
                                                                An appropriation by the county government from
                                                                the county operating budget specifically for the
                                                                use in the development of recreation areas and
                                                                access.
                                                                Capital Improvements Budget:
                                                                The county proposes the borrowing of money
                                                                through the sale of bonds. The money will be
                                                                paid back in the future, either through direct
                                                                appropriations from the county budget or a
                                                                portion of some dependable source of income,
                                                                such as taxes on certain items.
                                                                Bonds:
                                                                Monies borrowed by the county by selling bonds
                                                                which will be paid off in the future either through
                                                                direct appropriations from the general fund or
                                                                through portions of taxes, fees, etc.
                                                                Special Assessments:
                                                                Special taxes or fees assessed to specific items
                                                                (i.e. property).
                                                                Proffers:
                                                                Lands or monies received from developers in
                                                                exchange for special               development
                                                                considerations and conditioned rezoning.
                                                                Fines:
                                                                Fines or portions of fines imposed upon
                                                                violations of various county laws and ordinances
                                                                used for recreational purposes.
                                                                Landfill Tipping Fee:
                                                                Fees levied by the county government on users
                                                                of the county landfill.
                                                                Recycling Proceeds:
                                                                Percentage of potential recycling fees collected
                                                                by the county landfill to be earmarked for
                                                                recreational activities/ areas and access.
                                                                Property Taxes:
                                                                Additional taxes assessed on the property
                                                                owners of the county or an additional portion of
                                                                existing taxes.



                                                        -137-











                                                                Income Taxes:
                                                                Additional income taxes levied by the county
                                                                government for the specific purpose of
                                                                allocating the monies for recreational purposes.
                                                                Sales Taxes:
                                                                Selective sales taxes on items used by the
                                                                users of recreational areas (i.e. sporting goods/
                                                                equipment).
                                                                Franchise Taxes:
                                                                Charges assessed on individual businesses or
                                                                business types with the express intent of
                                                                supplementing recreational needs.
                                                                Dedication Ordinances:
                                                                Spaces or access routes within given lots or
                                                                developments which are dedicated or conveyed
                                                                to the county for appropriate recreational uses.
                                                                Land Leases:
                                                                Portions of money accumulated from the rental
                                                                of county owned lands.
                                                                Facility Rentals:
                                                                Portion of fees collected for the rental of county-
                                                                owned facilities/ equipment.
                                                                Loans:
                                                                Monies borrowed from groups or individuals
                                                                specifically to be used for recreational purposes.
                                                                Cigarette Tax:
                                                                A portion of local taxes levied on the sales of
                                                                tobacco products.
                                                                Motel Tax:
                                                                Use of a portion of local hotel tax proceeds for
                                                                the development of recreational areas and
                                                                access to recreational areas.



                                                         County Parks & Recreation Sources:

                                                                User fees and Charges:
                                                                Entrance fees, admission fees, rental fees, user
                                                                fees, license/permit fees, special service fees,
                                                                etc. (specifically related to recreational uses).
                                                                Concessions:
                                                                Monies garnered through the sales of goods
                                                                and services at recreational areas.



                                                         -138-









                                                              Interest on Investments:
                                                              Interests accumulated on investments held by
                                                              the Parks and Recreation Department.
                                                              Leases:
                                                              Monies accrued from the use of Parks and
                                                              Recreation facilities by individuals or other
                                                              organizations.
                                                              Facilities Surcharges:
                                                              Fees added to the usual amount charged for the
                                                              use of parks and recreation facilities.
                                                              Operations Surcharges:
                                                              Fees added to the usual amount charged for the
                                                              use of Parks and Recreation facilities.



                                                      State and Federal Government

                                                              Virginia Outdoors Fund (VOF):
                                                              Monies are allocated for specific qualifying
                                                              projects, especially those which utilize existing
                                                              resources and the rehabilitation of existing
                                                              facilities and which emphasize the greatest
                                                              participation by the maximum number of people.
                                                              Administered     by the       Department of
                                                              Conservation and Recreation's Division of
                                                              Planning and Recreation Resources (DPRR).
                                                              Department of Game and Inland Fisheries:
                                                              In the fiscal year beginning July 1993, two
                                                              grants will be awarded to.local jurisdictions for
                                                              the purpose of water access.
                                                                    Contact:
                                                                    Land and Engineering Division
                                                                    Commonwealth of Virginia
                                                                    Department of Game and Inland
                                                                    Fisheries
                                                                    4010 West Broad Street
                                                                    Richmond, Virginia 23230
                                                              Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT)
                                                              Recreational Access Program:
                                                              The recreational access program has an annual
                                                              appropriation of funds from the highway portion






                                                      -139-








                                                               of the transportation trust fund designated by
                                                               the commonwealth's transportation board for
                                                               recreational access projects for construction,
                                                               reconstruction, maintenance, and improvement
                                                               of roads and bikeways.
                                                                      Contact:
                                                                      Waverly Residency
                                                                      Commonwealth of Virginia
                                                                      Department of Transportation
                                                                      P. 0. Box 45
                                                                      Waverly, Virginia 23890


                                                        Corporations


                                                               Gifts:
                                                               Monies or lands given to the county by
                                                               corporations for the specific intent of providing
                                                               meeting recreational needs.
                                                               Grants:
                                                               The    transfer   of   property    from     private
                                                               corporations to the county for the specific intent
                                                               of meeting recreational needs.
                                                               Sponsorships:
                                                               Monies and/ or lands given to the county by
                                                               corporations for the express intent of meeting
                                                               recreational needs in exchange for some sort of
                                                               recognition for supporting the program.

                                                        Private Individuals
                                                               Gifts:
                                                               Monies or lands given to the county by private
                                                               individuals for the specific intent of meeting
                                                               recreational needs.
                                                               Grants:
                                                               The transfer of property from private individuals
                                                               to the county for the specific intent of meeting
                                                               recreational needs.
                                                               Sponsorships:
                                                               Monies and/or lands given to the county by
                                                               private individuals for the express intent of
                                                               meeting recreational needs in exchange for
                                                               some sort of recognition for supporting the
                                                               program.


                                                        -140-









                                                             Loans:
                                                             Monies lent to the county by private individuals
                                                             for the specific intent of meeting recreational
                                                             needs. Monies are all to be paid back in the
                                                             future.


                                                      Foundations


                                                             Gifts:
                                                             Monies or lands given to the county by
                                                             foundations for the specific intent of meeting
                                                             recreational needs.



                                                             Grants:
                                                             The transfer of property to the county from
                                                             foundations for the specific intent of meeting
                                                             recreational needs.
                                                             Loans:
                                                             Monies lent to the county by foundations for the
                                                             specific intent of meeting recreational needs.
                                                             Monies are all to be paid back in the future.
                                                             Sponsorships:
                                                             Monies and/ or lands given to the county      by
                                                             foundations for the express intent of meeting
                                                             recreational needs in exchange for some sort of
                                                             recognition for supporting the program.

                                                      Civic Or-ganizations


                                                             Donations:
                                                             Monies and/ or property contributed to the
                                                             county for the express purpose of meeting
                                                             recreational needs.
















                                                      -141-











                                                   BIBLIOGRAPHY



                                                   VIRGINIA COUNCIL ON THE ENVIRONMENT.
                                                   "Business and Industry Guide to Environmental
                                                   Permits in Virginia, Interim Edition - August 1, 1992".

                                                   CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM OFFICE,
                                                   US EPA REGION 111.
                                                   "The Chesapeake Bay: A Progress Report 1990-
                                                   1991".


                                                   THE STATE OF MARYLAND,
                                                   THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
                                                   THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA,
                                                   THE COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
                                                   "Chesapeake Bay & Susquehanna River and Its
                                                   Tidal Tributaries Public Access Guide".


                                                   VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
                                                   AND RECREATION,
                                                   MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
                                                   RESOURCES,
                                                   DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF
                                                   RECREATION AND PARKS,
                                                   PENNSYLVANIA FISH COMMISSION,
                                                   U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE,
                                                   U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY.
                                                   "Chesapeake Bay Area Access Technical
                                                   Assistance Report". October 1990.

                                                   THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC.
                                                   "Costal Zone Management".

                                                   VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION.
                                                   "Criteria for the Siting Marinas or Community
                                                   Facilities for Boat Mooring".

                                                   THE LAW FIRM OF HAZEL, THOMAS, FISKE,
                                                   BECKHORN & HANES, PC IN COOPERATION
                                                   WITH THE VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF
                                                   ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.
                                                   "Environmental Regulation: A Handbook for New
                                                   Businesses   in Virginia".

                                                   THE U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS.
                                                   "Information Guide & Joint Permit Application".









                                                        MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION, NEWPORT
                                                        NEWS, VIRGINIA.
                                                        "Laws of Virginia: Relating to Subsaqueous Lands,
                                                        Wetlands and Coastal Primary Sand Dunes". The
                                                        Michie Company, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1989.

                                                        LOWER JAMES RIVER ASSOCIATION.
                                                        "The Lower James River Watershed: Strategies for
                                                        Resource Protection and Sustainable Development".
                                                        December 1991.


                                                        REDMAN/ JOHNSON ASSOCIATES, LTD.
                                                        "Mathews County Shorelands Access Development".
                                                        December 1989.




                                                        RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE
                                                        IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE OF THE
                                                        CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM.
                                                        "Recreational Boat Pollution and The Chesapeake
                                                        Bay:   A Report to the Chesapeake Executive
                                                        Council". January 8, 1991.

                                                        LANCASTER, ROGER A., A PUBLICATION OF
                                                        THE NATIONAL RECREATION AND PARK
                                                        ASSOCIATION.
                                                        "Recreation, Park and Open Space Standards and
                                                        Guidelines", 4th Printing 1990.

                                                        TIDEWATER ADMINISTRATION, MARYLAND
                                                        DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES.
                                                        "The Role of Boat Wakes in Shore Erosion In Anne
                                                        Arundel County, Maryland".
                                                        December 1, 1980.

                                                        VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
                                                        AND RECREATION DIVISION OF SOIL AND
                                                        WATER CONSERVATION.
                                                        "Shoreline Erosion Advisory Service".

                                                        CRATER PLANNING DISTRICT COMMISSION IN
                                                        COOPERATION WITH SURRY COUNTY
                                                        PLANNING COMMISSION,
                                                        "Surry County Comprehensive Plan". March 1981
                                                        Revised.









                                                     MOORE, KENNETH A., VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF
                                                     MARINE SCIENCE, SCHOOL OF MARINE
                                                     SCIENCE, COLLECT OF WILLIAM AND MARY.
                                                     "Surry County Tidal Marsh Inventory". May 1981.

                                                     VIRGINIA COUNCIL ON THE ENVIRONMENT.
                                                     "Virginia's Chesapeake Bay Initiatives: First Annual
                                                     Progress Reporl!'. September 1985.

                                                     OFFICE OF OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE
                                                     MANAGEMENT NATIONAL OCEANIC AND
                                                     ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
                                                     U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND
                                                     COUNCIL ON THE ENVIRONMENT
                                                     COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA.
                                                     "Virginia Coastal Resources Management Program
                                                     Final Environmental Impact Statement". Reprint
                                                     September 1991.

                                                     DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND
                                                     RECREATION AND THE DIVISION OF PLANNING
                                                     AND RECREATION RESOURCES.
                                                     "The 1989 Virginia Outdoors Plan Executive
                                                     Summary".

                                                     THE DEPARTMENT OF WETLANDS            ECOLOGY
                                                     VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE          SCIENCE,
                                                     COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY          AND THE
                                                     HABITAT MANAGEMENT DIVISION            VIRGINIA
                                                     MARINE RESOURCES COMMISSION.
                                                     "Wetlands Guidelines"






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