[From the U.S. Government Printing Office, www.gpo.gov]

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    - --------- --



                                                                                                                                                                   Appendix 2

                                                                                                                                                   A                                                                                      A


                                      Chesapeake Bay Area
                                      Signage Plan


















                                                                                               ..... . ..........
                                                                                               ..... . ...........





                           HF                  Mber 1990
                           5841
                           .C54
                           1990




















                          CHESAPEAKE BAY AREA SIGNAGE PLAN

















                             U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAA
                             COASTAL SERVICES CENTER
                             2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUE
                             CHARLESTON , SC 29405-2413










                          PREPARED BY THE CHESAPEAKE BAY



                             PUBLIC ACCESS TASK FORCE







                                   December 1990

          
 










                                  ACZNOWLEMEFEENTS



           The Chesapeake Bay Area Signage Plan was prepared by the Public
           Access Task Force Committee made up of staff members from the
           following agencies:


               Virginia Department of Conservation & Recreation
               Maryland Department of Natural Resources
               District of Columbia Department of Recreation & Parks
               Pennsylvania Fish Commission
               U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services
               EPA Bay Area Programs


           Special thanks to the personnel from the State Departments of
           Transportation who provided technical advice and reviewed the
           document.


           This plan was produced in part with funds furnished by the
           Virginia Council on the Environment pursuant to the Coastal
           Resources Program Grant and NA89AA-D-CZ221 from the National
           Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.











                                      Table of Contents



                                                                               Page


              I. Background     .........................................        1


             II.   Purpose   ............................................        1


             III.  Requirements of Highway Agencies      ...................     1


             IV.   Responsibility and Placement of Signs      ..............     2


               V.  Standardization of Application     .....................      3


             VI.   Classification of Signs     ............................      5


             VII.  Situations When Supplemental
                     Signing Is Not Authorized     ........................      5


            VIII.  Sign Placement and Procedures
                     for Placement    ....................................       5



             IX.   Cost Estimates    .....................................       6



               X.  Recommendations    ....................................       7


                   Appendix:

                     A. Typical Sign Applications      ....................      9
                     B. Supplemental Signing Requirements       ............     13











                              CE[ESAPEAKE BAY SIGMGE PLAN



                  BACKGROUND

                  One of the objectives of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement
                  was to improve access to the Bay area, including public
                  beaches, parks and forested lands; and to improve oppor-
                  tunities for recreational and commercial fishing.          A
                  Public Access Subcommittee from Maryland, Pennsylvania,
                  Virginia and Washington, DC, along with representatives
                  from the Environmental Protection Agency's Bay Programs
                  Office and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, has been
                  studying the elements necessary to implement the objec-
                  tives related to public access.

                  One of the most significant problems associated with
                  improving the public's use of the Bay and its tributaries
                  was that of adequate signs directing the public to the
                  existing publicly-owned and operated facilities.         The
                  subcommittee found that many sites are unmarked on avail-
                  able maps, as well as on roadside signs. These sites are
                  then only known to local residents or visitors who happen
                  to locate the site by accident or by word-of-mouth. Other
                  public access points are identified on available maps but
                  are poorly-signed and it is difficult for those who are
                  unfamiliar with the area to locate these points. The 1988
                  Chesapeake   Executive   Council Public Access Strategy
                  Agreement Commitment Report recognized this problem and a
                  strategy for a uniform signing plan that would assist in
                  improving access to the public domain that fronts on the
                  Bay area waters was endorsed.


                  PURPOSE

                  This plan makes a number of recommendations for improving
                  signing to existing publicly-owned access points in the
                  Chesapeake Bay region, as well as those that are planned
                  for the future.   The placement of additional roadside
                  signs will direct the public to access points and enable
                  users to more readily locate sites, providing for better
                  utilization of the existing areas.


                  REQUIREMENTS OF HIGHWAY AGENCIES

                  All state and local highway agencies must conform to
                  numerous local, state and federal regulations related to
                  the placement of roadside signs. One of the documents
                  designed to provide maximum uniformity in sign design and
                  placement is the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
                  Devices" (MUTCD) by the U.S. Department of Transportation,
                  Federal Highway Administration.     As described in the
                  Manual, the purpose of signs and other traffic control
                  devices is to help insure highway user safety by providing
                  for the orderly and predictable movement of traffic and to



                                          -1-









                 provide such guidance that is required to enable the
                 public to safely travel on public roads.       The Manual
                 indicates that the sole purpose of guide and informational
                 signing is for traffic control and should not be con-
                 sidered as an advertising medium. Guidance provided in
                 the Manual is in general accordance with the Uniform
                 Vehicle Code of the National Committee on Uniform Traffic
                 Laws and Ordinances which sets the nationally-recognized
                 standards for roadside signs and traffic control devices.


            IV.  RESPONS33332a= AND PrAC@T OF SXGKS

                 The design, placement, operation, maintenance and unifor-
                 mity of roadside signs are defined and prescribed in the
                 Manual.

                      Responsibility for Traffic Control Devices

                      The responsibility for the design, place-
                      ment, operation and maintenance of traffic
                      control devices rests with the governmental
                      body or official having jurisdiction.     In
                      virtually   all   States, traffic control
                      devices placed and maintained by State and
                      local officials are required by statute to
                      conform to a State Manual which shall be in
                      substantial conformance with this Manual.
                      Many Federal agencies have       regulations
                      requiring standards in conformance with the
                      Manual for their control device applica-
                      tions.

                      The Uniform Vehicle Code has the following
                      provision in Section 15-104 for the adop-
                      tion of a uniform Manual:

                          "The (State Highway Agency) shall adopt
                      a manual and specification for a uniform
                      system of traffic control devices consis-
                      tent with the provisions of this act for
                      use upon highways with this State. Such
                      uniform system shall correlate with and so
                      far as possible conform to the system set
                      forth in the most recent edition of the
                      Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
                      for Streets and Highways, and other stan-
                      dards issued or endorsed by the Federal
                      Highway Administrator."

                      Under authority granted by Congress in
                      1966, the Secretary of Transportation has
                      decreed that traffic control devices on all
                      streets and highways in each State shall be
                      in substantial conformance with standards
                      issued or endorsed by the Federal Highway
                      Administrator.




                                         -2-









                                     Placement Authority

                        Traffic control devices shall be placed
                        only by the authority of a public body or
                        official    having   jurisdiction, for the
                        purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding
                        traffic.    No traffic control device or its
                        support shall bear any advertising or com-
                        mercial message, or any other message that
                        is not essential to traffic control.

                        Any unauthorized sign placed on the highway
                        right-of-way by a private organization or
                        individual constitutes a public nuisance.
                        All unofficial and      nonessential     signs
                        should be removed.

                        With proper authority being given, con-
                        struction contractors and public utility
                        companies are permitted to erect construc-
                        tion and maintenance signs at work sites to
                        protect the public, equipment and workers,
                        provided that such signs conform to the
                        standards of this Manual.

                        All traffic islands shall be installed by
                        the authority of the public body or offi-
                        cial   having    jurisdiction.     For those
                        .islands that are elements of street and
                        highway design and are included in the
                        design of the street or highway, no spe-
                        cific authority is required.

                        All regulatory devices, if they are to be
                        enforced, need to be backed by applicable
                        laws, ordinances, or regulations.       Effec-
                        tive traffic control depends not only on
                        appropriate application of devices, but on
                        reasonable enforcement of regulations as
                        well. Standards in this Manual are based
                        on that concept.

              V. STANDARDIZATION OF APPLICATION

                        Each standard sign shall be displayed only
                        for the specific purpose prescribed for it
                        in this Manual.      Before any new highway,
                        detour, or temporary route is opened to
                        traffic all necessary signs shall be in
                        place.

                        Signs   required    by road conditions or
                        restrictions shall be removed immediately
                        when those conditions cease to exist or the
                        restrictions are withdrawn.






                                            -3-









                       Uniformity of application is as important
                       as standardization with respect to design
                       and placement. Identical conditions should
                       always be marked with the same type of
                       sign, irrespective of where those par-
                       ticular conditions occur.

                       Determination of the particular sign or
                       signs to be applied to a specific condition
                       shall ordinarily be made in accordance with
                       the criteria set forth in the following
                       pages.    However, engineering judgment is
                       essential to the proper use of signs, the
                       same as with other traffic control devices.
                       Traffic engineering studies may indicate
                       that signs would be unnecessary at certain
                       locations.    The judgment resulting from
                       traffic engineering studies of physical and
                       traffic factors should be depended upon to
                       determine locations where signs are deemed
                       necessary.

                       With the increase in traffic volumes and
                       the desire to provide motorists information
                       in addition to regulatory, warning, and
                       directional guidance, there is a need to
                       establish an order of priority for sign
                       installation. This is especially critical
                       where space is limited for sign installa-
                       tion and there is a demand for several
                       different    types of signs.       overloading
                       motorists with too much information can
                       cause improper driving and impair safety.
                       Some information is more important than
                       other information.     Generally, in case of
                       conflict, regulatory and warning signing
                       whose location is critical should be dis-
                       played rather than guide signing.       Infor-
                       mation of a less important nature and
                       extraneous information should be moved to
                       less critical locations or deleted. (Addi-
                       tional guidance on prioritizing of signs is
                       contained in the Traffic Control Devices
                       Handbook.)

                       It is recognized that urban traffic condi-
                       tions differ from rural, and in           many
                       instances signs must be applied and located
                       differently. Where pertinent and practi-
                       cal, therefore, this Manual sets forth
                       separate recommendations for rural         and
                       urban conditions.









                                           -4-











              VI.  CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNS

                   The Manual defines and describes signs in a number of
                   ways. The types of signing that will be applicable to
                   public access signs are guide signs. They show route
                   designations, delineations, directions, distances, serv-
                   ices, points of interest and other geographical recrea-
                   tional, or cultural points of interest. The Manual points
                   out the need to properly display route markers and direc-
                   tional signs to help keep the motorist informed of his
                   location and course.



            VII.   SITUATIONS WE09N SUPPLEMENTAL SIGNING IS NOT AUTHORIZED

                   Since public access signing will be placed under the
                   Highway Agencies' category of Directional Signing or
                   Informational Signing, there are situations when Access
                   Signing will not be possible.      The Manual on Uniform
                   Traffic Control Devices describes, in detail, a number of
                   instances where signs should be limited. Generally, these
                   include situations where a proliferation of necessary
                   informational or directional signs already exist, or where
                   hazardous conditions preclude the placement of all but
                   warning signs.

                   Directional signing is usually limited to the freeway exit
                   where the access route is located. On conventional high-
                   ways, the signs are permitted only at the advance sign
                   location before the intersection to the access route.      In
                   other words, current regulations do not allow for signing
                   of recreational and cultural sites in advance of the
                   general area where the access point is located. While
                   supplemental regulations vary with the type of site and
                   the State where it is located, signage is usually limited
                   to within a 10-mile radius of the site.



           VIII.   SIGN PLACEMENT AND PROCEDURES FOR PLACEMENT

                   The placement of official signs on a road right-of-way is
                   carefully controlled by the State and/or local highway
                   agencies. Most of the agencies in the Bay area have a
                   process which permits the placement of information signs,
                   for special events.    However, general directional and
                   information signs are more strictly-controlled and must be
                   placed by the highway agency at locations approved for
                   such use. signs must meet specifications described in the
                   MUTCD. The traffic engineer that is responsible for the
                   area must prepare a sign location diagram that is used by
                   the construction crews for actual placement of the signs.
                   In some cases, private sector crews can be contracted to
                   place the signs in the approved locations.     The traffic
                   engineering section in each highway agency has personnel
                   who could prepare the signing studies to locate public
                   access signage.










            IX.  COST

                 The cost associated with the placement of supplemental
                 signs to provide adequate direction and information for
                 motorists to locate the recreational cultural resources on
                 the shores of the Bay and its tidal tributaries will
                 probably be fairly substantial.      It is not possible to
                 provide an exact cost because of the almost infinite
                 number of variable conditions which will be encountered by
                 the personnel who must implement this plan.       For the
                 purposes of this report, a number of assumptions will be
                 made in order to attempt to arrive at an average cost per
                 "typical" sign:

                 1.  It is assumed that the signs will be used on U.S.
                     primary or secondary routes.

                 2.  Each typical sign will consist of a logo sign, direc-
                     tional arrow and new post, installed by the highway
                     agencies, sign construction and maintenance crews.

                 3.  The Chesapeake Bay and Susquehanna River Public Access
                     Guide identifies about *750 sites in the Bay region
                     that are in the public domain. These points will be
                     the basis for this estimate.

                 4.  An arbitrary assumption is made that each site will
                     require **5 typical signs as permitted in the MUTCD
                     and supplemental signing regulations in order to
                     provide adequate direction at each decision point.


                                  TYPICAL SIGN COST


                                       2411 x 3011               3611 x 4211



          Sign Material

          Sign Blank
          Logo (silk screen)
          Directional Arrow
          Hardware
          Post (611 X 611 X 121)
          Labor & Supplies


                 Total                 $150.00                   $175.00
          ----------------------------------------------------------------



                 Program                $150 X 750* X 5** = $562,500
              Implementation
                 -Costs                 $175 X 750* X 5** = $656,250


               of sites identified in the "Guidell
               of typical signs per site



                                         _6-










                   The cost estimate presented above should be considered the
                   minimum gstimate for initiating this signing plan. Actual
                   cost could be much higher once each site is analyzed by
                   traffic engineers within the State or local highway
                   agencies. It should also be pointed out that the full
                   implementation of a Bay area public access signing plan
                   will require one to two years to accomplish once funding
                   can be made available.

                   Engineers must prepare detailed plans for each site,
                   materials gathered, and sign construction must be sched-
                   uled within workloads of the existing crews.    Also, once
                   the signs are placed, there must be an ongoing program to
                   repair and replace signs that are damaged or removed.
                   Some highway agencies may be unable to comply with this
                   schedule due to lack of available personnel and resources.
                   In this event, signs will have to be installed by private
                   crews to highway specifications, which could increase
                   costs by 25%.


              X.   RECOMMENDATIONS

                   In order to improve the public's ability to locate
                   existing public access points in        the   Bay    region,
                   additional signage should be provided.        The following
                   recommendations are made regarding adequate signage of
                   publicly-owned sites. Implementation of these recommenda-
                   tions, depending on the availability of funds, could help
                   meet the objectives of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement
                   related to improving access to the Bay.


                   The recommendations are as follows:

                   I. The Bay area states and the District of Columbia
                      should identify and, where possible, allocate avail-
                      able resources to enable the highway agencies to begin
                      implementing a program of adequate signage of all
                      existing and future public access points in the public
                      domain.

                   2. The state and/or local highway agency should prepare,
                      as funds permit, uniform plans for providing adequate
                      signage directing motorists to the publicly-owned
                      access sites identified in the Chesapeake Bay &
                      Susauehanna River Access Guide. In addition, those
                      properties identified in local, regional and state
                      plans that are in the public domain and provide access
                      opportunities to the waters of the Bay and its
                      tributaries should be included.










                                           -7-









             X. RECOMCMATIONS - (cont'd)

                  3.  The highway agencies should utilize the Bay Area
                      Public Access Logo, when        adopted,   and    provide
                      appropriate directional and informational signs at
                      each decision point along the routes providing direct
                      road access to the sites.         These should be placed
                      within the limitations of the Manual on Uniform
                      Traffic    Control Devices and supplemental signing
                      regulations as appropriate.

                  4.  All access sites that are acquired in the future
                      should be signed in accordance with these guidelines.
                      Funds should be included in project budgets to ensure
                      that adequate directional and informational signing is
                      provided.

                  5.  A plan for the maintenance of newly installed access
                      signs should be developed.        Such a plan needs to
                      include a budget process which will ensure             the
                      maintenance of access signs to the same standard as
                      other highway signs.


































                                           -8-














                                      APPENDIX A


           Appendix A contains examples of the many possible situations for
           installing public access signs. These examples are not intended
           to cover all situations where signing might be applicable. High-
           way agencies must approve and install all signs within the right-
           of-way and they should have maximum flexibility to consider other
           factors when preparing traffic engineering studies for placement
           of public access signs.












                                                                          DEPARTMENT OF
                                                                   GAME AND INLAND FISHERIES







                                                                          PUBLIC LANDING

                 SITUATION 1



                                                                    PUBLIC




                                                                    ACCESS



















                                  PUBLIC                             SITUATION 2


                                 ACCESS









                                                             PUBLIC



                                                             ACCESS

                                                        BLUE-HOLE

               SITUATION 3                           -COUNTY PAR
                                                     C3 0 0 0 0 0









                         @01




                        PUBLIC
                                                    SITUATION 4

                        ACCESS



















                                                      PUBLIC            PUBLIC


                    SITUATION 5                      ACCESS            ACCESS






                                 m


              601                601





             PUBLIC             PUBLIC


            ACCESS -J)         ACCESS J)             SITUATION 6
              1111               1111
                                  lr72 7)l
            0
              fill
                                                                         Loi













                                      APPENDIX B



                           SUPPLEMENTAL SIGNING REQUIREMENTS


           The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) authorizes
           the highway agencies to produce supplemental signing regulations.
           The Virginia and Pennsylvania departments of transportation have
           developed a number of supplemental regulations while Maryland and
           the District of Columbia apparently rely on the MUTCD.

           Virginia is currently reviewing its supplemental regulations with
           the intent of updating them and making them more uniform in their
           application.

           The following pages contain excerpts from the Virginia and
           Pennsylvania Supplemental Signing Regulations that would seem to
           apply to public recreational access situations:




                               COMMONWEALTH OF VIRG12CJIA
                             DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                           CRITERIA FOR SUPPLEMENTAL SIGNING



                                  GENERAL PROVISIONS



              1.  VIERG12FEA

                  Where a supplemental signing request which meets all
                  applicable criteria would result in the MUTCD limitations
                  of not more than one supplemental sign displaying a maxi-
                  mum of two destinations on each interchange approach being
                  exceeded by virtue of other traffic generators already
                  signed for, the request shall be referred to the State
                  Traffic Engineer for disposition.

                  The measurements for determining distance requirements for
                  supplemental signing shall be in "road miles," shall be
                  measured to the nearest normally-used public motor vehicle
                  entrance of the traffic generator, and shall be measured
                  from the nearest interchange in the direction of travel on
                  limited access highways, unless safety considerations as
                  determined by the Department dictate otherwise.











                                         -13-











      AFFIC GENIMATOR                                 CRIVERIA


       Conservational

          Facilities of the         IK B&TS-189. dated June 6. 1986:
          Virginia Department
          of Game and Inland        1.  Signing for designated facilities of the
            Fisheries                   Department will be permitted on non-
                                        limited access highways, beginning at the
                                        Primary Route intersection nearest the
                                        facility and follow the safest and most
                                        direct routing, as determined by the
                                        Department, to the facility.

                                    2.  Department facilities that may be iden-
                                        tified are canoe access areas, field
                                        trial areas, fish hatcheries, game ref-
                                        uges, game warden headquarters, public
                                        boat landings, public fishing lakes and
                                        wildlife management areas.

                                    3.  The Department shall bear all costs for
                                        fabrication, erection and maintenance of
                                        such signs, the design, fabrication and
                                        installation of which shall be in accord-
                                        ance with the drawing shown in IM H&TS-
                                        189, dated June 6, 1986.

                                    Signing is    not   recommended    for     other
                                    conservational facilities.


       Cultural

          Amphitheaters,            1.  Shall   have a minimum annual attend-
          Concert Halls,                ance of 50,000.
          Playhouses, Theaters
          (except commercial        2.  Shall be located not more than ten miles
          public movie theaters         from the gore of the first exit ramp in
          for which signing is          the direction of travel on the limited
            not recommended)            access facility at the interchange, or,
                                        if not a limited access facility, shall
                                        be located not more than ten miles from
                                        the point where signing is requested.

                                    3.  The party requesting the signing shall
                                        bear all costs for fabrication, erection
                                        and   maintenance    of such signs, the
                                        design, number and location of which
                                        shall be determined by the Department.


          Art/Craft Centers         1.  Shall be an organized, permanent institu-
              Galleries                 tion essentially educational and aes-
                                        thetic in purpose, which utilizes art/
                                        craft objects, cares for them, and main-
                                        tains professional standards and whose




                                         -14-











     TRAFFIC GENERATOR                                CRITERIA

        Cultural - (contfd)

           Art/Craft Centers            primary function is to plan and carry out
               GaIlLeries,              exhibitions and which maintains its own
                                        exhibition facility with      professional
                                        staff whose primary responsibility is the
                                        care and exhibition to the public of
                                        art/craft objects.

                                    2.  Shall be open to the public at least six
                                        hours a day, five days per week, on a
                                        year-round basis.

                                    3.  Shall be maintained at public expense or
                                        IRS-approved nonprofit private expense.

                                    4.  Shall be located not more than ten miles
                                        from the gore of the first exit ramp in
                                        the direction of travel on the limited
                                        access facility at the interchange, or,
                                        if not a limited access facility, shall
                                        be located not more than ten miles from
                                        the point where signing is requested.

                                    5.  The party requesting the signing shall
                                        bear all costs for fabrication, erection,
                                        and maintenance of such signs, the design
                                        number and location of which shall be
                                        determined by the Department.


           Museums                  1.  Shall be an organized, permanent institu-
                                        tion essentially educational and aes-
                                        thetic in purpose, which owns and util-
                                        izes tangible objects, cares for them,
                                        and exhibits them to the public, with
                                        professional staff whose primary respon-
                                        sibility is the care and exhibition to
                                        the public of objects owned or used by
                                        the museum.

                                    2.  Shall be open to the public at least six
                                        hours a day, five days per week, on a
                                        year-round basis.

                                    3.  Shall be maintained at public expense or
                                        IRS-approved nonprofit private expense.

                                    4.  Shall be located not more than ten miles
                                        from the gore of the first exit ramp in
                                        the direction of travel on the limited
                                        access facility at the interchange, or,
                                        if not a limited access facility, shall
                                        be located not more than ten miles from
                                        the point where signing is requested.



                                         -15-











      AFFIC GENERATOR                                   CRITERIA

       Cultural - (cont'd)

          museums                   5.   The party requesting the signing shall
                                         bear all costs for fabrication, erection
                                         and maintenance of such        signs,   the
                                         design, number and location of which
                                         shall be determined by the Department.


          Science & Technology      1.   Shall be an organized, permanent institu-
             C ni--ers                   tion, essentially educational and scien-
                                         tific   in   purpose, with professional
                                         staff, which maintains      and     utilizes
                                         exhibits or objects for the presentation
                                         and interpretation of scientific        and
                                         technological knowledge.

                                    2.   Shall be open to the public at least six
                                         hours a day, five days per week, on a
                                         year-round basis.

                                    3.   Shall be maintained at public expense or
                                         IRS-approved nonprofit expense.

                                    4.   Shall be located not more than ten miles
                                         from the gore of the first exit ramp in
                                         the direction of travel on the limited
                                         access facility at the interchange, or,
                                         if not a limited access facility, shall
                                         be located not more than ten miles from
                                         the point where signing is requested.

                                    5.   The party requesting the signing shall
                                         bear all costs for fabrication, erection
                                         and maintenance of such        signs,   the
                                         design, number and location of which
                                         shall be determined by the Department.


          Libraries                 1.   Shall be owned, operated and maintained
                                         by a government entity.

                                    2.   Shall be open to the public at least six
                                         hours a day, five days per week, on a
                                         year-round basis.

                                    3.   Signs may be located at principal deci-
                                         sion points within one mile of the facil-
                                         ity, except that no library signing will
                                         be permitted on limited access highways.

                                    4.   The party requesting library         signing
                                         shall bear all costs for fabrication,
                                         erection and maintenance of such signs,
                                         the design, number and location of which
                                         shall be determined by the Department.


                                          -16-











     TRAFFIC GEPFERATOR                                 CRITERIA

        Historical

           Homes, Buildings,         1.  Shall     be  officially    listed in the
           Privately-Owned               Virginia Landmarks Register.
              Facilities, Museums
                                     2.  Shall be open to the public at least six
                                         hours a day, five days per week, on a
                                         year-round basis.

                                     3.  Shall be maintained at public expense or
                                         IRS-approved nonprofit private expense.

                                     4.  Shall be located not more than ten miles
                                         from the gore of the first exit ramp in
                                         the direction of travel on the limited
                                         access facility at the interchange, or,
                                         if not a limited access facility, shall
                                         be located not more than ten miles from
                                         the point where signing is requested.

                                     5.  The party requesting historical signing
                                         shall bear all costs for fabrication,
                                         erection and maintenance of such signs,
                                         the design, number and location of which
                                         shall be determined by the Department.


           Historic Districts            Signing is not recommended.


        Recreational

           Camping Facilities        1.  To be eligible for signing, a camping
                                         facility shall meet all of the following:

                                         a.  Shall be located not more than ten
                                             miles from the gore of the first exit
                                             ramp in the direction of travel on
                                             the limited access facility at the
                                             interchange, or, if not a limited
                                             access facility, shall be located not
                                             more   than ten miles from the point
                                             where signing is requested.

                                         b.  Shall  possess a valid permit from the
                                             State  Board of Health in accordance
                                             with   Section 35.1-18 of the Code of
                                             Virginia.

                                         c.  Shall have space for not less than
                                             ten vehicular overnight camping units
                                             for rent or hire.








                                          -17-











    TRAFFIC GENERATOR                                  CRITERIA

       Recreational - (cont'd)

          Camping Facilities             d.  Shall be in continuous 24-hour opera-
                                             tion, seven days a week, except that
                                             the facility may be closed to the
                                             public for not more than 120 consecu-
                                             tive days between November 1 and the
                                             following April 1, during which time
                                             all signs associated therewith shall
                                             be covered or removed.

                                         e.  Shall provide public telephone.

                                    2.   The Department will provide the appro-
                                         priate signing on the mainline approaches
                                         and on the exit ramps for interchanges
                                         which serve eligible camping facilities.
                                         However,     any     seasonal      covering,
                                         uncovering, removal, or replacement of
                                         such signing shall be at the expense of
                                         the camping facility.

                                    3.   The requesting party shall bear all costs
                                         and shall furnish all materials, which
                                         shall conform to Department specifica-
                                         tions, for any trailblazers between the
                                         interchange and the campsite and for all
                                         other campsite signing on non-limited
                                         access highways.


                                    4.   The locations and number and type of
                                         signs that may be needed under item 3
                                         above shall be as determined by the
                                         Department, and erection thereof may be
                                         by State forces or, at the discretion of
                                         the Department, by the requesting party,
                                         under permit, in accordance with Depart-
                                         ment specifications.

                                    5.   Any existing camping signing which does
                                         not conform to the criteria specified
                                         herein may remain in place until due for
                                         maintenance replacement, at which time
                                         such replacement shall be done in accord-
                                         ance with these criteria or the signing
                                         shall be removed.


          Camps, i.e., 4-H,         Signing is not recommended.
          Scout, YMCA/YWCA
            Church,










     TRAFFIC GENERATOR                                 CRITERIA


        Recreational

           Camping Facilities           Signing is not recommended.
           Country Clubs, Golf
             Courses



           Public Boat Landings     1.  The facility must be owned, operated, and
           Other Than Those of          maintained by a government entity.
           the Virginia Depart-
           ment of Game and         2.  The facility must be constructed and
             Inland Fisheries           maintained in accordance with at least
                                        the minimum standards of the Virginia
                                        Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.

                                    3.  Sign design and location shall be in
                                        accordance with     IM   H&TS-I89,     dated
                                        June 6, 1986.

                                    4.  The governmental authority requesting the
                                        signing shall bear all costs for fabrica-
                                        tion, erection, and maintenance of such
                                        signs and their supports.


           Other Recreational,      1.  Shall have a minimum annual attendance
           including Arenas,            of 50,000.
           Auditoriums, Civic
           Centers, Coliseums,      2.  Shall be located not more than ten miles
           Stadiums, Sports             from the gore of the first exit ramp in
           Centers, Pavilions,          the direction of travel on the limited
           Race Tracks, Amuse-          access facility at the interchange, or,
           ment Pax-ks, Theme           if not a limited access facility, shall
           Parks, Public or             be located not more than ten miles from
           Private Parks,               the point where signing is requested.
           Municipal Parks,
           Regional Parks,          3.  The party requesting signing shall bear
           State Parks, Federal         all costs for fabrication, erection, and
             Parks, Caverns             maintenance of such signs, the design,
                                        number and location of which shall be
                                        determined by the Department.


       Other

           Special Events           1.  Special events predicted to create major
                                        traffic movements on a temporary basis
                                        may have special signs erected for the
                                        duration of the activity as determined by
                                        the Department.

                                    2.  The party requesting      special     events
                                        signing shall bear all costs of fabrica-
                                        tion, erection, maintenance and removal
                                        of such signs, the design, number and
                                        location of which shall be determined by
                                        the Department.


                                         _19-











    TRAF71C GENERATOR                                 CRITERIA

       Other - (cont'd)

          Special Events            3.  The site of the special event shall be
                                        located not more than ten miles from the
                                        gore of the first exit ramp in the direc-
                                        tion of travel on the limited access
                                        facility at the interchange, or, if not
                                        on a limited access facility, shall be
                                        located not more than ten miles from the
                                        point where signing is requested.


       Tourist Information              Shall be located not more than ten miles
            Welcome Centers             from the gore of the first exit ramp in
                                        the direction of travel on the limited
                                        access facility at the interchange, or,
                                        if not a limited access facility, shall
                                        be located not more than ten miles from
                                        the point where signing is requested.

                                    2.  Operation and need for the Center must be
                                        approved by the Director of the Virginia
                                        Division of Tourism.

                                    3.  The Center must be operated or sponsored
                                        by one or more local government units as
                                        a nonprofit organization.

                                    4.  The  Center shall have information avail-
                                        able for attractions in Virginia.

                                    5.  The  party requesting the signing shall
                                        bear all costs for fabrication, erection
                                        and   maintenance    of such signs, the
                                        design, number and location of which
                                        shall be determined by the Department.
























                                          -20-











                               COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
                               DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION


                                       CIRCULAR LETTER
                                   [SUPPLEMENTAL SIGNING]


               2.     WSYLVANIA

                   A. Purpose and Authorization

                       A-1.   Purpos . To enhance public safety, tourism and
                              economic development by establishing guidelines
                              for the installation of signs within the highway
                              right-of-way to guide travellers to historic,
                              educational, cultural and scientific sites; out-
                              door recreational areas; scenic attractions; and
                              other services in which the traveling public
                              would have reasonable interest. The guidelines
                              include the eligibility,       location,     design,
                              installation, cost and maintenance of these
                              signs, which hereinafter will be referred to as
                              "attraction signs".

                       A-2.   Authorization. When signs are being proposed
                              along   Interstate highways, the Department's
                              authorization is contingent upon approval of the
                              Federal Highway Administration, and when signs
                              are being proposed on roadways with sidewalks,
                              the authorization is contingent upon approval
                              and possible installation by the local authori-
                              ties.   Authorization of signs should not be
                              construed to be an endorsement of the attraction
                              or the services offered, but shall only mean
                              that the minimum criteria has been satisfied.

                   B.  Elictible Attractions

                       Scenic Site. Natural or man-made picturesque view of
                       outstanding interest to the general public.

                       State and National Park, Recreation Area, Forest or
                       Cemet        Area so designated and under the jurisdic-
                       tion of the Pennsylvania Department     of Environmental
                       Resources, National Park Service        or the Veterans
                       Administration.

                       Visitor Information.      A facility    approved by the
                       Department of Commerce as a visitor     information cen-
                       ter, and which is open at least six     months each year,
                       including ten hours each day between    Memorial Day and
                       Labor Day, and eight hours each day during the balance
                       of the open season. The facility shall also have an
                       attendant on duty during open hours, and provide free
                       access to travel literature, rest rooms and drinking
                       water. Centers other than those owned and operated by





                                           -21-









                       the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania must be administered
                       by or approved by the appropriate local tourist promo-
                       tional agency.

                       Campground.     Area reserved for at least 20 tents or
                       recreational vehicles, and possessing a valid permit
                       from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
                       Resources. Campground to be open a minimum of six
                       months of the year.

                       CuItural C        .   Facility for     performing      arts,
                       exhibits, concerts, etc., and which has an occupancy
                       capacity of at least 250 people.

                       Educational          . An activity that is of outstand-
                       ing educational value and which conducts tours on a
                       regularly scheduled basis throughout the year.

                       Historical Site. Structure or area recognized by the
                       Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission as a
                       historical attraction.

                       Park.    Area which is open to the general public for
                       activities such as picnicking, hiking,            swimming,
                       boating, entertainment rides, etc.

                       Recreational Act         -   Railroading,    boating     and
                       rafting activities, caves, and other recreational
                       attractions recognized by the Department.
































                                            -22-
                                                                 J01110/PRR/CDJ/CB





























































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