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COASTAL ZONE INFORMATION CENTER 100 Halsted Street East Orange, New Jersey 07019 Ilk a Financial assistance for this study was provided by the State of Wisconsin, Coastal Management Program, Department of Administration, and the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, administered by the Office of Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATION OF THE HARBOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM OF THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION September 1982 by: LOUIS BERGER & ASSOCIATES, INC. 100 Halsted Street East Orange, New Jersey 07019 (201) 678-1960 US Department of Commerce NOAA Coastal Services Center Library 2344 South Hobson Avenue Charleston, SC 29405-2413 PRO(@EDUIRES FbR EVALUATibiq O-F THE_'_H'ARB'0R ASSISTANCE PROGRAM OF THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OK TRANSPORTA,riON Table of Contents Page OVERVIEW 1 STEP 1: Determine project life and all costs asso- ciated with the project. 10 STEP 2: Determine projected commodity flows expected to use the harbor for each period of the project life. 17 STEP 3: Determine commodity flows for traffic through the port without the project. 26 STEP 4: Determine the actual commodity flows through the harbor under with project conditions. 31 STEP 5: Determine current and future transportation impacts on commodity movements without the project. 35 STEP,16: Identify transportation costs associated with transportation impacts identified in Step 5. 40 STEP 7: Computation of project benefits. 45 STEP 8: Determine discounted benefits associated with the proposed project. 52 STEP 9: Determine project benefit-cost ratio and project 'net benefits. 5 STEP 10: Determine the parameter values for computing economic impacts fo projects. 58 STEP 11: Compute and summarize project benefits and impacts. 63 APPENDIX A - PROJECT LIFE AND COST 82 A-1 Introduction 82 A-2 Project Life 82 A-3 Project Costs - Operations and Maintenance 83 A-4 Project Costs - Development 84 APPENDIX B - FACILITY CAPACITY 91 Page B-1 Introduction 91 B.2 Berth Capacity 91 B-3 Equipment Capacity 93 B-4 Storage Area Capacity 93 APPENDIX C - COMPUTATION OF UNIT SAVINGS 96 C.1 Introduction 96 C.2 Special Studies 96 C-3 Cost Effects - Deep Draft Vessels 97 C-4 Cost Effects - Shallow Draft Vessels 110 C-5 Unit Savings - Upper Mississippi River Tow Transport Costs 120 C.6 Cost Savings - Rail/Barge Alternatives 123 C-7 Decreasing Channel Depth 130 C.8 Benefits - Production Facilities, Vessel Construction 132 C.9 Benefits - Dock Wall Extension/Repair or Available Berths 134 C.10 Analysis of Minor Harbor Improvements 135 APPENDIX D - PROJECT IMPACT PARAMETERS 142 D.1 Introduction 142 D.2 Defining Impact Areas 142 D-3 Income Multiplier 144 D-4 Effect on Sales 161 D-5 Employment Impact 163 D.6 Tax Impact.-Parameters 177 ATTACHMENT D BIBLIOGRAPHY. Table of Exhibits Page EXHIBIT 1.1 Example of Estimating Site Development Costs 14 EXHIBIT 1.2 Computation of Present Value of Project Costs 15 EXHIBIT 1.3 Exemplary Cost Computation 16 EXHIBIT 2.1 Kenosha Harbor Tonnage 20 EXHIBIT 2.2 Commodity Groupings for Use in Traffic 21- Projections 23 EXHIBIT 2.3 Wisconsin Port Traffic Projections Annul Growth Rates - % 24 EXHIBIT 2.4 Exemplary Growth Rate Usage 25 EXHIBIT 3.1 Projected Port Project Tonnage 29 EXHIBIT 3.2 Exemplary Port Capacity Computations 30 EXHIBIT 4.1 Computation of Project Traffic 33 EXHIBIT 4.2 Exemplary Computation of Project Traffic 34 EXHIBIT 5.1 Project Effects on Transportation Cost Components 38 EXHIBIT 5.2 Project Effects on Transportation Cost Components - Kenosha 39 EXHIBIT 6.1 Compiltation of Unit Savings and Prices 4t- EXHIBIT 6.2 Exemplary - Computation of Unit Savings and Prices 44 EXHIBIT 7.1 Computation of Benefits - Price Effect 47 EXHIBIT 7.2 Computation of Benefits - Quantity Effects 48 EXHIBIT 7.3 Computation of Benefits - Net Effects 49 EXHIBIT 7.4 Total Benefits 50 EXHIBIT 7.5 Exemplary - Computation of Benefits-Price Effect 51 P age EXHIBIT 8.1 Discounted Benefits 54 EXHIBIT 8.2 Exemplary Discounted Benefits 55 EXHIBIT 9.1 Net Project Benefits 57 EXHIBIT 9.2 Exemplary Net Project Benefits 57 EXHIBIT 10.1 Parameters for Estimating Regional Impacts of Projects 61 EXHIBIT 10.2 Exemplary Computation of Distribution of Benefits 62 EXHIBIT 11.1 Allocation of Beriefits/Costs by Region 65 EXHIBIT 11.2 Wisconsin Harbor Assistance Program 66- Economic Impact Summary 67 EXHIBIT 11.3 Wisconsin Harbor Assistance Program 68- Economic Analysis Work Sheet 72 EXHIBIT 11.4 Exemplary Wisconsin Harbor Assistance Program - Economic Impact Summary 73 EXHIBIT 11.5 Exemplary Wisconsin Harbor Assistance 74- Program Economic Analysis Work Sheet 78 EXHIBIT 11.6 Exemplary Harbor Assistance Evaluation 79- Kenosha 81 EXHIBIT C.1 Tariff Guide No. 10 128 EXHIBIT C-2 Rail Exparte Increases from November 30, 1977 through October 1 1981 129 Table of Tables Page TABLE A-1 Estimated Costs and Land Requirements 86- of Conceptual Terminals 87 TABLE A.2 Conceptual Terminal Commodity Handling Rates 88 -LABLE.A.3 Unit Costs for Conceptual Terminal Storage Area 89 TABLE A-4 Computation of Terminal/Site Development Costs 90 TABLE C.1 Vessel Operating Characteristics of USA Great Lakes' Fleet 104 TABLE C.2 Estimated Operating Cost of Bulk Carriers 106 -LABLE C-3 Vessel Capacity Utilization by Alternate Project Depth 108 TABLE C-4 Hourly Vessel Cost (in mills) at Sea Per Ton (ST) Carried as a Function of Alternative Project Depth 109 TABLE C-5 Average Differential Vessel Operating Costs Resulting from Changes in Dredged Depth TABLE C.6 Estimated Operating Costs of Towboats on the Mississippi/Gulf Waterway System, 112- January 1981 113 TABLE C-7 Estimated Operating Costs of Barges on the Mississippi/Gulf Waterway System, 114- January 1981, 116 TABLE C.8 Estimated Annual Fuel Cost for Towboats 118 TABLE C.9 Regression Statistics Barge Rate Study 124 TABLE C-10 Average Values of Variables for Computing Rail Rates for Fight Bulk Commodities 127 -LABLE C.11 Generic Handling Costs 131 TABLE C.12 Average Waiting Time of Vessels in the Queue M/E2/n in Units of Average Servicing Time 136 Page TABLE C-13 Average Waiting Time of Vess 6ls in the Queue E2/E2/n.in Units of Average Servicing Time 137 TABLE D.1 Computation of Basic Employment by 147- Industrial Sector 149 TABLE D.2 Computation of Income Multiplier 152 Ashland County 152 Crawford County 153 Door County 154 Douglas County 155 Kenosha County 156 LaCrosse County 157 Marinette County 158 Sheboygan County 159 Calculation of Income Multiplier for State of Wisconsin 160 TABLE D-3 Income Multipliers 162 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier 164 Ashland County 164 Crawford County 165 Door County 166 Douglas County 167 Kenosha County 168 LaCrosse County 169 Manitowoc County 170 Marinette County 171 Milwaukee SMSA 172 Sheboygan County 173 Computation of State Sales Multiplier State of Wisconsin 174 TABLE D.5 Sales/Income Ratios 175 TABLE D.6 Alternative Computation of Sales/Income Multipliers 176 TABLE D-7 Computation of Average Wage Per Worker 178 .Ashland County 178 Crawford County 179 Door County 180 Douglas County 181 Kenosha County 182 LaCrosse County 183 Manitowoc County 184 Marinette County 18 5 Page Milwaukee SMSA 186 Sheboygan County 187 Computation of Average Wage Per Worker State of Wisconsin 188 TABLE D-8 Wage Per Worker by Area 189 TABLE D.9 Effective State Tax Rates 191 TABLE D.10 Effective Area Tax Rates 192 M , TABLE D.11 Parameters for Estimating Regional Impacts of Project 193 Table of Figures Page FIGURE 1.a Price Effect 5 FIGURE 1.b Output Effect 5 FIGURE 1-c Price and Output Effect 5 FIGURE A-1.a Computation of Vessel Savings All 27' Vessels 101 FIGURE A-1.b Computation of Vessel Savings 50% 271, 50% 241 Vessels 101 FIGURE A.I.c Computation of Vessel,Savings 22'-27' Vessels, 16 2 3% each 101 OVERVIEW PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATION OF THE HARBOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM OF THE WISCONSIN DEPARTMEN'T OF TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW The purpose of this report is to describe the theory and methodology underlying the approach to be used in the development, testing and application of a harbor assistance project impact and evaluation procedures. The need for this results from the desire of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation to improve the basis upon which it selects projects for grant award under its Harbor Assistance Program. This program provides state funds on a cost-sharing basis to assist programs for development of harbors, within the overall framework of promoting a rational and efficient transportation network throughout the state. The economic goals of the statewide Harbor Assistance Program are basically identical to those of any public works or assistance program. Foremost among the goals is that of the promotion of economic efficiency, whereby maximum use of available resources committed to providing transportation services is achieved. A closely related objective is the minimization of both construction and operational costs in order to promote economic efficiency. A third major goal is to maximize the positive economic and social impacts that result from a well-developed transportation system. Achievement of these goals is to be obtained within a framework that also recognizes less economically oriented objectives such as safety, environmental quality and energy efficiency. The proposed evaluation methodology is based on two aspects of the Harbor Assistance Program, its goals and the processes of the program. That is, the point of departure in developing the methodology is the, recognition that the goals and procedures of the assistance program are well defined. Therefore, the' methodology should incorporate this and be designed to evaluate whether or not applications are reasonable, the degree to which the applications meet the goals of the program and particularly to measure the efficiencies, costs and impacts of any application. In the methods and procedures described in this volume, these three terms have very specific meanings. Cost refers to the initial capital investment and annual operations and maintenance expenditures that will be incurred by the project described in the application. Economic efficiencies are the reduced operating costs (resource costs) over the project life that are a direct result of implementing the project. Impacts are those distributional economic effects arising from the project that are neither economic costs nor efficiencies. Economic Efficiencies - Theory The basic economic benefit derived from port and harbor improvements is the reduction in the value of resources required to produce port and harbor services. The measurement of the efficiencies resulting from port and harbor improvements stems from the recognition that efficiencies arise from the competitive position of each port and harbor. Each port and harbor is partially a spatial monopoly as a result of its geographical location and therefore can exhibit some monopoly behavior in terms of pricing policy. However, competition from surrounding ports and harbors will severely limit the ability of any particular port to exercise any significant market power, at least in the long run. For example, the Port of Duluth-Superior has a competitive advantage in the transshipment of iron ore. A slight relative increase in the costs of utilizing this port would most likely have only a negligible effect on traffic. However, any significant and permanent increase in costs would quite likely lead to a substantial decrease in traffic through the port. Thus, a small decrease in depth at the port might have only a negligible effect, while a 2-3 foot decrease in depth may virtually close the port. Price Effect This example illustrates one of the basic components of the econornic efficiencies arising from port improvements; the price effect. This efficiency represents the change in the economic cost of utilizing a port. This change represents an economic efficiency gain when resources are used more effectively in the provision of port s.ervices. In the dredging example, the decreased depth of 'the port channel:would require either*that- vessels light-load or that smaller vessels be utilized. In either case, more resources in the form of vessels would be required to ship the same amount of tonnage as was shipped with the deeper channel. Some primary examples of cost reduction efficiencies are: a reduction in total trip time by alleviating port congestion, i.e., adding more berths at a port; and reducing costs by allowing vessels to be more fully loaded, i.e., channel deepening. The price or cost reduction effect is reflected in Figure la. As demand shifts from Dt to Dt+11 the costs of using the existing facilities increase, for example, increased congestion 2 means that the price will rise to reflect these increased costs. The project shifts the cost curve to the right, decreasing unit costs from P1 to P2, with resource savings of the shaded area. Output Effect The other main component of economic efficiencies is the quantity or output effect. This efficiency results from the savings in resources by not using a more costly mode or route for the shipment of goods. In the example of the Port of Duluth- Superior, if all facilities in the port were fully utilized, movement of a larger quantity of ore would require the use of some other port, for example, Milwaukee; the use of a different mode, for example an all rail shipment; or expansion of the facilities at Duluth-Superior to process the increased tonnage. The economic efficiencies arise from the competitive position of Duluth-Superior in that it can provide necessary services to process this increased tonnage at a lower cost than the other alternatives noted. The resulting measure of efficiency is shown in Figure 1b. In Figure 1b, the result of the project is simply a shift to the right along the long run cost curve from point A to point B, based on the equilibrium condition that Price=Marginal Cost=Average Cost. That is, the project would lead to an expansion of facilities, allowing additional throughput or volume at the same cost as before. The area ABED represents the gross benefits, area CDEB represents cost, and their difference, shaded area ABC, the "net" benefits for the period under consideration. The measure is price times the change in quantity less the (variable) costs of providing the change in quantity. These two effects are combined in Figure 1c. The proposed project would shift the cost curve to the right. i.e., the proposed project would allow any given volume to be processed at a lower mariginal cost. The most immediate impact of the project is likely to be shown in the price effect. Volume at the port is Q1 with costs of P1 without the proposed improvement. When the proposed project is implemented costs immediately drop to P3, with immediate cost savings of P1-P3 for each unit of cargo currently utilizing the port. However, the decreased costs will make it economically efficient for additional cargo to utilize the port, and volume will increase from Q1 to Q2 with a resulting price increase from P3 to P2. The resulting benefits are then the price effect for existing traffic (P1-P2) xQ1 plus the output effect. (P2(Q2-Q1) minus the costs of providing the additional output, C2, plus the -Q2 increased consumer surplus, the area ABD which approximately The resulting equals 1/2(P1-P2) x (Q2-Q1). This last benefit 3 L Cost A MC, Pi @'C 2 P2 B/ Dt Dt+1 f MI time. Figure _J.a,: Price Effect Cost Mc, MC2 P1 A B/ p c D E Q1 Q2 -Glume Figure I.b: Quanti-ity Effect cost Mc 1 MC2 p p p2 3 Dt- Q1 Q2 Vol ume Figure _I.c: Price and Output Effect A MC C L Dt C 4 component, consumer surplus, results from the effect of reduced price on each unit of additional volume. As illustrated in Figure 1c, the resulting total efficiencies can then be computed as: (P 1-P2) Q1 + 1/2 (P1-P2)(Q2-Q1) + (P 2-C 2)'Q2-Ql) where C2 are the production costs of producing Q2-Q11 i.e.,, the area CBQ A of Figure 1c. (For brevity, this is referred to as the benefit computation equation.) This represents the cost savings on the without project traffic (the price effect), plus the change in consumer surplus resulting from the project, plus the net additional revenues on induced traffic (output effect). For most projects to be proposed, either the output or price effect will vastly dominate the total efficiencies. For example, a channel deepening project will significantly influence costs, but is unlikely to significantly increase output, except insofar as traffic shifts between ports. That is, improvements to L existing facilities will predominantly influence costs at the port but are unlikely to create any new traffic for the region. On the other hand, new types of facilities, for example, a new grain elevator, are more likely to affect output, with only a small price effect. In slightly different terminology, projects will generally be oriented towards servicing existing markets at lower cost or to servicing new markets with the prevailing price structure. For the former types of projects, demand can be viewed as completely inelastic, while for the latter, demand could be viewed as completely elastic, which will greatly simplify the measurement of efficiencies. Economic Impacts The development of the procedure to address social and economic impacts is based on. the view that these impacts must be linked to the evaluation proc7edures described:above. The direct edonom'fc impact results from price and quantity changes. The analysis of secondary impacts should start with these changes as datum and then follow their possible impacts through the socio-economic structure. Three methods frequently used in this type of analysis are economic multipliers, interregional trade multipliers and input/output models. The three methods are conceptionally quite similar, but the latter two, although theoretically rich, are data poor for all but the largest geographic areas, such as the nation. While techniques exist for "disaggregating" data to the SMSA or county level for these techniques, the potential for generating large 5 errors throught these techniques is also well documented. The economic multiplier method is a straight-forward technique that can be applied using readily available data and is the technique that will be used in this analysis. Because the economic multiplier methods yield only gross impacts, economic multipliers shall be generated for state, regional and local areas to provide a basis on which the impacts on port improvements can be compared. The results could provide a dollar basis of impacts, for example, pet income, that are comparable to the efficiencies computed in the economic evaluation. It will also be possible to translate this effect into other relevant information such as the number of jobs created, using the same data which provides the multipliers. Certain non-quantifiable factors, safety and environmental quality, for example, will be discussed in relation to standard technical criteria. Economic Analysis Implementation of this methodology will be accomplished through a series of steps discussed in detail in the remainder of this report, with supporting documentation in the Appendices. Each step is designed to be self-explanatory and to assist in the preparation of standardized report methods. The steps are generally grouped into five categories: i) development of project life and total project costs, ii) projected traffic that will benefit from the proposed project, iii) computation of the unit savings applicable to traffic that will benefit from the project, iv discounting of benefits and costs and computation of the benefit-cost ratio,.and v) computation of project impacts. Economic Efficiencies The procedures and steps to be accomplished can be briefly summarized. Development of the project life and total project costs, requires a specification of the evaluation period and a check of project costs to insure that all costs necessary for efficient use of the project have been irccluded. Defining the project traffic base requires three steps. The first step will be the identification of commodities or commodity types that might potentially be susceptible to use of the proposed project. It is expected that commodities would, in general, be identified at the two-digit SIC level, although more or less aggregation might be desirable for some specific projects or commodities. The traffic base for,the harbor is projected for each year of the project life. This will yield a time series of traffic through the harbor. 6 The second step is to determine commodity flows in relation to the project. This will form.the basis of the traffic which might benefit from the project by determining the commodity flow through the existing harbor facilities using the projected traffic flows from the earlier step. The third step is the determination of traffic that will actually benefit from the proposed project. In the simplest case of capacity expansion, this would be the difference between current capacity and projected traffic. However, certain harbor-wide projects will benefit all traffic through the harbor, or very specialized projects may affect all the traffic over a certain dock. This corresponds to a time series of Q 2 in terms of the benefit computation equation. The next two steps will compute the unit savings that should be associated with the traffic projections developed above. This requires that for all traffic estimated, annual expected changes in transportation costs be estimated for each year of project life. In terms of the benefit computation equation, this represents P, minus P@, for each period of evaluation. The without-project condi ion may deteriorate over time, affecting P,. For example, siltation of a harbor due to a failure to dredge would reduce the without-project harbor depth. For each type of project, potential rates of decline are included for incorporation into the without-project condition reflecting possibly higher costs or a lower level of economic activity, i.e., closure of a dock or channel. In the use of this methodology, no evaluation of induced traffic need be made due to the fact that we deal mostly with smaller projects where no significant change in the commodity flow is expected. In the event that a DOT grant program is part of a relatively significant investment, this change in infrastructure will always occur in a situation where a special study, one of which necessarily has considered the induced traffic, has been done. At this point, all information pertinent to the computation of economic efficiencies will have been developed. The next series of steps will combine this information to obtain estimated benefits. The benefits are computed per the benefit computation equation. The price and quantity information for each year and for the with and without-project conditions are taken from the earlier steps and used in the formula: (P l-p2)XQ1+1/2(Pl-p2)(Q2-Ql)+(p2-c2)(Q2-Ql) 7 The final step in the evaluation of efficiencies is the discounting of benefits and costs to a common time frame and computation of a benefit-cost ratio. Economic Impacts The remaining steps represent the development of the economic multipliers and the estimation of socio-economic impacts by regions. Computation of the multipliers is accomplished through methods similar to those described in the Port Economic Impact Kit developed by the Maritime Administration. Briefly, the multipliers are developed using the "concentration technique" to determine basic and non-basic employment in a given region. This split between basic and non-basic employment is used to determine the income split between basic and non-basic employment in a given region. This split is then used to generate the income multiplier. The total impact would then be the income multiplier times the yearly benefit of a project, discounted to the base year. As noted earlier, a problem associated with the use of economic multipliers is that they yield only gross impacts. That is, the method implicitly provides a comparison between some type of investment and no investment at all. Since, by definition and construction, any investment has a multiplier of at least 1.0, ignoring possible leakages, any investment will'be large in comparison to no investment at all. While gross impacts are important in the decision making process, their value would be greatly enhanced if they could be compared to the impacts of other types of investments. To provide a basis for comparison, economic impact multipliers are developed at state, regional and local levels. These multipliers will then be used to determine economic impacts for a typical investment in any particular region. Comparison between the project impacts and the impacts in other regions would indicate net project impacts as well as t-he relative distribution of impacts througho-ut.the various regiong based on the origins and destinations fo traffic using the project. The remaining steps consist of the application of these multipliers in order to compute impacts. The direct output of this analysis would reflect the increased income of each region due to the multiplier effect. This impact can be expressed in alternative forms, or alternative types of impacts derived by using ratios between income and other variables. For example, one could compute employment/income and sales/income ratios to determine the overall employment and sales impact for each region. Effective tax rates can also be computed. While a 8 variety of impacts can be hypothesized, it is believed that only income, employment, output and taxes will show a sufficiently large impact to allow measurement. Implementation of this procedure will be through a tabular framework, constructed for each proposed project, region, and time period. The primary inputs into the tables would be project costs and benefits. The tables would be set up to disaggregate the total multiplier impact into region specific impacts through a sequential process. This process can be envisioned as something similar to IRS tax forms. Given a few basic inputs, the table will contain any other relevant information, i.e., the value of multiplier, and instructions on the computation of all values. The application of these to the economic evaluation of projects is described in detail in the remainder of this report. To the extent possible, each step is self-contained and self-explanatory. However, due to the possible wide variety and location of projects, appendices have been attached that contain relevant data and methods required to accomplish some steps. The appendices are constructed so that any data or computations can easily be incorporated into the relevant steps. An example of applying the methodology is also shown and is rather loosely based on the Port of Kenosha. The example is purely illustrative, although, in several instances, it illustrates where specific types of data can be found. 9 STEP 1 PURPOSE: Determine project life and all costs associated with the project. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Appendix A 2. Available special studies related to the project RECOMMENDED ACTION: Completion of this step will result in the determination of two important parameters of the economic evaluation, the project life, or period of evaluation, and the total costs associated with the project. Development of the project life can be relatively complex, although several practical considerations related to benefit-cost analysis greatly simplify this task. Project Life Probably the most important aspect of benefit-cost analysis in this regard is the discounting procedure, which serves to provide a useful estimate of the longest period of evaluation that is economically useful. Federal water resources are generally limited to a 50 year evaluation period, which is the longest project life that should be considered in the application of this methodology. For discounting purposes, a rate of 7 percent will be used in this analysis. A different project life may also be applicable, although use of a 50 year project life is generally preferred. A shorter project life may simply result from the fact that the project is not constructed to last 50 years. In these cases, special studies related to the project should explicitly set forth the project life. In other cases, the actual project life may be uncertain. For these cases it is suggested that a 50 year project life be utilized, with some sensitivity analysis.-of the project economics based on differential project lives. Fol-example, the project might be evalua@ed u@-sing 30, 40 and 50 year project lives to determine if the economic evaluation is sensitive-to the project life. To provide a common basis of comparison between all project applications, a 25 year minimum evaluation period is also specified for all projects, with one posible exception noted in Appendix A. The reason for this minimum period of evaluation is to allow for the comparison of projects with roughly similar lifetimes. If a project had an estimated life of less than 25 years, then the cost estimates of the project should include the costs of reconstructing the project at some time in the future to 10 provide for an evaluation period of greater than 25 years. The evaluation period should be a multiple of the actual project life. For example, if a project had an estimated life of 15 years, the project cost would include the present value of rebuilding the project in the 16th year to last an additional 15 years, yielding an evaluation period of 30 years, i.e., 2 times 15 years. A project with only a 9 year project life would need to be reconstructed twice, in the tenth and nineteenth years to yield an evaluation period of 27 years, i.e., 3 times 9 years. In general, operations and maintenance costs associated with a project are estimated to insure that the project can have a 50 year life. Project Costs - Operations and Maintenance Given the estimated project life, it is then necessary to determine all costs associated with the project that will maintain the project over this lifetime and will allow the project to actually realiz-e the benefits that will be computed for the project. Generally, annual operations and maintenance costs (O&M) associated with maintaining a structure for its estimated life are based on some percentage of the construction cost of the project. Depending on the particular type of project annual O&M costs are estimated at 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 percent of the initial construction cost. For most projects, annual O&M costs should be estimated at 5 percent of the initial construction cost of the project. For high operations and maintenance type projects, mainly grain elevators, an annual estimate of 7.5 percent is used. The lower estimate is used for projects where only the maintenance portion of annual costs is relevant. These are cases where the operations portion of the costs are closely associated with the productive process, for example in the ship building industry where the dock must be maintained but is not operated independently of the process of constructing vessels. As a rule of thumb, the 5 percent estimate should be used, except where higher costs are expected as a result of such things as a need for cleanliness or lower costs are e-Xpected as a result of the facility not act@ally being operated :in the normal sense. Project Costs Site Development The final portion of this step is the determination that all relevant project costs have been included in the estimated costs. The real test of whether all costs have been included is the ability to actually realize benefits to the project given the estimated project costs. If not, then additional costs must@be included. The main area where costs may not be accurately included is where the project cited in the application is an intimate portion of a larger project. For example, construction of a new dock wall itself has no beneficial impact unless the accompanying facilities are also constructed. These costs must be included to allow for a correct comparison of project benefits and costs. In formal economic terminology, the estimated costs must include the costs of any limitational input. That is, the costs of all necessary inputs must be included in the cost estimate, even if they are not formally a part of the application. This will insure that project benefits are compared to all costs necessary to realize these benefits. In general, development type projects are the most likely to have project costs that are not fully reflected in the project cost estimate, e.g., the land side development of a facility that will utilize the project. Improvement or maintenance projects will generally already have developed the necessary infrastructure to utilize the project without incurring additional costs for facility development associated with the project. The data necessary for estimating these additional costs, generally site development costs, is given in Appendix A. Exhibit 1.1 shows an example of the application of this method in estimating site development costs. Unit costs are based on 1978 dollars and then adjusted to current levels based on the Engineering News Record Cost Index. Table A.4 of Appendix A contains a work sheet for developing any additional project costs not adequately described in the application. Project Costs - Discounting Exhibit 1.2 presents a tabular format for determining the allocation and the present value of project costs in the first year of the project life. The table is laid out to account for projects that have a significant construction period before the first year of project life. Where this is the case, expenditures per year should be entered in column 3 from the construction schedule. If this is not available, then the expenditures should be assumed to be constant each year. Thus, a project with a three year construc@tion schedule would eipend one-third of project construction costs in each year. Construction costs are to include both those from the application and any additional costs from Table A-4 of Appendix A. Operations and maintenance costs will be constant expenditures and are computed according to the formula in Exhibit 1.2. All yearly present values computed at a 7 percent discount rate would then be summed to obtain the present value at the beginning of the project life and are comparable to the benefits computed later. It is expected that most projects that will be considered will have a construction period of less than one year, in which case all construction costs should be entered in year zero. 12 Cost Allocation Cost allocation is based on the project application. The application will show any non-state, non-local costs, i.e., federal grants, and the expected state share of the costs. The local share is then the total present value of costs less the state, non-local share and the non-state, non-local share. 13 WNW WNW= M M M= M WW-= WW' EXHIBIT 1.1 Example of Estimating Site Development Costs 4) 1978 1978 Item Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost General Site Preparation, Clearing, Grading, Drainage 11.5 Acres $40,000/Acre $ 460,000 Lighting 11.5 Acres 10,000/Acre 115,000 Perimeter Fencing 1,150 Ft.1) 10/Ft. 11,500 Paving 11.5 Acres2) 6,000/Acre 69,000 Buildings 3,450 Ft.2 3) 25/Ft.2 86,250 SUBTOTAL $ 741,750 Utilities, Engineering and Contingency 25% of Subtotal 185,438 1978 TOTAL $ 927,188 1978-1982 Cost Increase from ENR '1.315 1982 TOTAL $1,219,252 1) Estimated at 100 feet per acre. 2) Estimated at 100 feet per acre, 24 feet wide at a cost of $60 per foot. 3) Estimated at 300 ft.2 per acre. 4) From Mid America Port Study, Main Report, Chapter 17. EXHIBIT 1.2 COMPUTATION OF PRESENT VALUE OF PROJECT COSTS AND SHARES AT 7% DISCOUNT RATE Costs Year Before Times Equals Start of Discount Costs Incurred Present Prolect Value In Year Value 7 1.6057814 6 1.5007383 5 1.4025517 4 1.310796 3 1.225043 2 1.144899 1 1.70000 0 1.0000 Cost to Rebuild Projecti) Annual O$M. Costs2) 25 Yr. Project Life 11.6537 30 Yr. Project Life 12.4091 40 Yr. Project Life 13.3318 50 Yr. Project Life 13.809 sum Shares Costs Contributed 3) Cost Share4) Local Costs State Non-local Costs Non-state Non-local Costs 1) if project is to be rebuilt during evaluation period, discount value is (1/1/07)n, where n is year rebuilding takes place. For example, rebuilding after 15 year life, discount factor is .3387 = (1/1 .07)16. 2) Complete only one line. 3) From Application, except local which is computed as residual. 4) Costs Contributed + Sum. 15 EXHIBIT 1.3 EXEMPLARY COST COMPUTATION AT A 7% DISCOUNT RATE Year Before Costs Times Equals Start of Discount Costs Incurred Present Project Value In Year Value 7 1.606 0 0 6 1.501 0 0 5 1.403 0 0 4 1.311 0 0 3 1.255 0 0 2 1.145 0 0 1 1.070 0 0 0 1.000 48,000 48,000 Cost to Rebuild Project') Annual O$M Costs 2) 25 Yr. Project Life 11.654 N/A 30 Yr. Project Life 12.409 N/A 40 Yr. Project Life 13.332 N/A 50 Yr. Project Life 13.809 2,400 33,142 sum 81,142 Shares Costs Contributed3) Cost Share4) Local Costs 42,742 .527 State Non-local Costs 38,400 .473 Non-State Non-local Costs 0 .000 1) If project is t(:@ be rebuilt during evaluation period, discount value is (1/1.07)n, where n is year rebuilding takes place. For example, rebuilding after 15 year life, discount factor is .3387 (1/107)16. 2) Complete only one line. 16 STEP 2 PURPOSE: Determine projected commodity flows expected to use the harbor for each period of the project life. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. "Waterborne Commerce of the United States," Part 2 or 3 2. Project life from Step 1 3. Table of commodity growth rates - Exhibit 2.2 4. Port and dock records of applicant if available 5. Available special studies RECOMMENDED ACTION: This step will determine the commodity flows expected to utilize the harbor over the project life. Computation of commodity flows requires four separate pieces of data--the project life, the traffic base, the commodity growth rates over the project life, and harbor capacity constraints. The project life was established in Step 1. Identifying Commodities Next, the types and traffic levels of commodities using the harbor project shall be identified. The necessary level of detail cannot be specified without reference to the particular harbor and project under evaluation. For highly specialized projects, a very detailed classification of commodity types may be needed, although in general, identification and classification of commodities at the two-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) level will be adequate. In some cases, a modified two-digit classification may be desireable. For example, one might wish to distinguish between grain and other agricultural products within SIC 01. For purposes of identifying commodity types, projects can be ories: 'i) port-wide or general harbor grouped into three ateg 'dock(s) specific projects, and 'iii)'new 7r type projects, (ii) commodity specific projects. The first type of project would effect the entire port, for example, channel deepening througliout the port. The second type of project would affect only some portion of the port, for example, channel deepening in only a portion of the port. The last type of project would normally affect only a small number of docks, for example, a specific new dock facility. Identification of commodity types for the first two types of projects can be accomplished using the "Waterborne Commerce of the United States," Part 2 or 3, published by the Corps of Engineers or by using data available to the local port authority. 17 Exhibit 2.1 shows an example of using "Waterborne Commerce of the United States - Part 3" to determine commodity types. Several years have been included to check for annual fluctuations or any peculiarities that may be present in the data. For example, the 1978 tonnage level is not representative of traffic due to the large change in commodity 14. One could select the five,year average as the base year traffic, where such peculiarities are present. Otherwise, the most recent year should be used. Exhibit 2.2 shows a slightly more aggregate grouping based on the correspondence between two-digit SIC codes and the four-digit Waterborne Commerce Statistical Center commodity codes. After selecting the base year traffic, commodities should be grouped according to Exhibit 2.2. The groups in Exhibit 2.2 are used for commodity.projections. The only real difference is the last group, MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES, which combines several commodities that are shipped in relatively small quantities on the water. Projected Harbor Traffic The harbor traffic base is aggregated by the groups in Exhibit 2.2 so that they can be applied to the commodity growth rates shown in Exhibit 2.3 by commodity and traffic type and by shipment and receipt. Exhibit 2.4 shows how this information is put together. EXA14PLE In the example of Exhibit 2.4, the base tonnage for food and kindred products is taken from the example in Exhibit 2.1 and is assumed to be exported for foreign use. The annual growth rates are taken from Exhibit 2.3 for food and kindred products, shipped foreign. Since the base traffic is assumed to be average shipments, annual growth of 2.9 percent from 1977-1985 will increase shipments to 67,538 tons. Similarly, 2.9 percent annual growth from 1985-1990 increases shipments to 77,916 tons. After 1990, the growth re@te is 1.6 percent annually, result-ing'in projected traffic of 84,352 and 91,320 tons in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Similar computations are shown for the remaining products. It is necessary to remember that the growth rates presented here represent annual growth rates and, thus, for every five year period, the formula for determining fifth year tonnage is: T5 T0(1 + g,)5 18 where, T5 = fifth year tonnage 7- 0 = tonnage in base case, or in fifth year preceding gi = annual growth rate for commodity i In the event of a 10 year horizon, T 10 is evaluated similarly to T , where the exponent is 10. Any other time frame is anaAgous. The output of this step represents the projected commodity flow through the entire harbor, assuming there are no constraints in the harbor. In the next several steps, potential constraints in the harbor will be checked to ascertain the traffic that can actually be processed through the the harbor in future years. 19 EXHIBIT 2.1 Kenosha Harbor Tonnage Commodity (2-digit SIC) 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 Average 01 1,475 14,771 3,090 3,079 3,576 5,198 09 555 174 271 322 880 440 14 7,616 0 0 22,691 12,656 8,593 20 42,833 59,525 60,636 61,205 52,144 55,289 22 2,678 1,851 600 1,489 7,823 2,888 24 2,143 2,577 784 1,443 2,206 1,831 26 - 0 114 60 79 1,582 367 28 618 256 261 408 824 473 32 4 4 0 3,739 15 752 33 555 433 46 24 639 339 34 6 143 0 22 12 37 35 95 351 1,318 4,414 6,041 2,444 37 530 4,088 13,360 84 23 3,617 08, 25, 27, 30, 31, 36, 38, 39 & 41 10 91 28 12 46 37 Total 59,118 84,378 80,454 99,011 88,455 82,283 SOURCE: "Waterborne Commerce of the United S*tates - Part 3," annual volumes 1975-79, Corp of Engineers. 20 EXHIBIT 2.2 Commodity Groupings for Use in Traffic Projections sic Group Waterborne Commerce Number(s) Commodity Name Statistical Center Code 01 FARM PRODUCTS Corn 0103 Wheat 0107 Soybeans 0111 Other Farm Products 0101, 0102, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0112, 0119, 0121, 0122, 0129, 0131, 0132, 0133, 0134, 0141, 0151, 0161, 0191 10 METALLIC ORES Iron Ore and Concentrates 1011 Other Ores (including Bauxite) 1021, 1051, 1061, 1091 11 COAL Coal and Lignite 1121 13 CRUDE PETROLEUM Crude Petroleum 1311 14 NONMETALLIC MINERALS Sand, Gravel and Crushed Rock 1442 Limestone 1411 Phosphate Rock and Other Fertilizers 1471, 1479 Sulphur 1492, 1493 Other Nonmetallic minerals 1412, 1451, 1494, 1499, 1491 20 FOOD AN@ KINDRED PRODUCTS vegetable oils 2091 Grain Mill Products 2041, 2042, 2049 Other Food Products 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2021, 2022, 2031, 2034, 2039, 2061, 2062, 2081, 2092, 2094, 2095, 2099 24 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logs (including Pulpwood) 2411, 2415 Rafted Logs 2412 Lumber and Plywood 2421, 2431 Other Lumber and Wood Products 2413, 2414, 2416, 2491 21 A EXHIBIT 2.2 (Con't.) sic Group Waterborne Commerce Number(s) Commodity Name Statistical Center Code 26 PULP PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Pulp 2611 other Pulp and Paper Products 2621, 2631, 2691 2B CHEMICALS Sodium Hydroxide 2810 Crude Tar, Oil and Gas Products 2811 Alcohols 2813 Benzene and Toluene 2817 Sulphuric Acid 2818 Other Chemicals 2816, 2819, 2812, 2821, 2822, 2823, 2831, 2841, 2851, 2861, 2876, 2891 Nitrogenous Chemical Fertilizers 2871 Potassic Chemical Fertilizers 2872 Phosphatic Chemical Fertilizers 2873 Other Fertilizer Products 2879, 2875 29 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Gasoline 2911 Jet Fuel and Kerosene 2912, 2913 Distillate 2914 Residual 2915 Other Petroleum and Coal Products, nec. 2916, 2917, 2918, 2921, 2951, 2991 32 STONE, CLAY, GLASS, AND CONCRETE PRODUCTS Cement 3241 Other Stone, Clay, Glass Products 3271, 3211, 3251, 33 PRIMARY METALS PRODUCTS 3281, 3291 Coke 3313 Iron and Steel Primary Forms 3314 Steel mill Products (shapes, plates, 3315, 3316, 3317, pipe and tube) 3311, 3312, 3318, Primary Metals 3311, 3312, 3318, 3319, 3321, 3322, 3323, 3324 40 WASTE AND SCRAP Metal Scrap 4011, 4012 other Scrap 4022, 4024, 4029 22 EXHIBIT 2.2 (Con't.) sic Group Waterborne Commerce Number(s) Commodity Name Statistical Center Code MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES 08 Forest Products 0841, 0861 09 Fish 0911, 0912, 0913, 0931 Ordnance 1911 21 Tobacco 2111 1292 Textiles 2211, 2212, 2311 25 Furniture 2511 27 Printed Matter 2711 30 Rubber Products 3011 31 Leather .3111 34 Fabricated Metal 3411 35 Machinery 3511, 3611 37 Transportation Equipment 3711, 3721, 3731, 3791 39 Instruments, Optical Goods, etc. 3811 41 Miscellaneous Manufactures 3911 Water 4111 Commodity, nec. 4112 LCL Freight 4113, 9999 Department of Defense Cargo Water Improvement Materials 4118 De tails of Waterborne Commerce Statistical Center Codes are contained in "Waterborne Commerce of the United States." 23 M M W M M M M M M M M M M M W M EXHIBIT 2.3 Wisconsin Port Traffic Projections Annual Growth Rates - % UPPER GREAT LAKES GREAT LAKES MISSISSIPPI Shipped Received RIVER Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign Commodity (Sic) 1977-90 9T-03 1977-90 91-:03 1977-90 91-03 1977-90 91-03 1977-90 91-03 Farm Products (01) 0.3 0.0 4.3 2.9 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.3 4.3 3.11 Metallic Ores (10) 5.2 2.5 3.2 0.1 5.2 2.5 1.4 2.5 1.7 1.3 Coal (11) 1.9 2.1 4.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 5.4 0.1 1.8 @.l Crude Oil (13) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.9 Non-metallic Minerals (14) 4.0 2.1 2.8 2.8 4.2 2.2 1.6 1.9 -2.4 Food & Kindred Products (20) 0.0 0.0 2.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.0 4.2 1.9 Lumber & Wood Produ ,cts (24) -0.8 0.0 17.3 0.1 -0.8 0.0 -1.6 -0.6 3.0 0.6 Pulp & Paper Products (26) 0.2 0.1 2.5 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.9 0.6 Chemicals (28) 3.2 3.7 2.2 0.5 3.2 3.9 0.3 2.0 4.0 3.3 Petrol/Coal Productsi (29) -0.4 0.2 -3.0 -3.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.1 Stone, Clay, Cement (32) 2.6 1.7 6.2 3.7 2.7 1.7 3.0 0.6 1.5 0.6 Primary Metals. (33) 0.9 1.0 1.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 2.7 0.9 1.7 1.5 0.1 Waste & Scrap (40) 1.9 0.8 4.1 0.2 2.5 1.0 5.4 4.6 2.6 other 2.4 2.2 6.2 5.1 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.2 0.2 0.3 All Commodities 3..9 3.2 4.3 2.1 3.8 2.2 1.6 2.0 3.8 2. At 1) Not elsewhere classified. Source: National Waterways Study, "Traffic Forecasting Methodology and Demand Projections," Institute for Water Resources, April, 1980. M MMM M'M M MMM M M M-M M M M EXHIBIT 12. 4 Exemplary Growth Rate Usage Traffic5) Base Growth Rate After Commodity Tonnagel) 1977-19903) 19903) 1985 1990 1995 2000 2r-, 3 5 Food & Kindred Products (20) 55,2891) 2.9% 1.6% 67,5384) 77,916 84,352 91,320 16 1 All Other 26,9942) 1.6% 2.0% 30,166 32,658 36,057 39,810 9 6 1 Total 881 283 N/A N/A 97, 704 110, 574 120,409 131 130 248,71E-- 1.) Taken from Exhibit 2.1, average for group 20. 2) From Exhib@t 2.1, total less group 20. 3) From Exhibit 2.3, group 20 assumed to be exports (foreign shipped) and all other imports (foreign received). 4) Computed as 55,289 growing 2.9% for 7 years (1977-1985) = (1.029) 7 x 55,289. All other projected traffic computed in a similar fashion using appropriate growth rate and time increments. 5) Relevant periods of analysis assumed to be 5 year increments, see text. STEP 3 PURPOSE: Determine commodity flows for traffic through the port without the project. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Information from Steps 1 and 2. 2. Available special studies 3. Available port and dock records of applicant 4. Appendix B RECOMMENDED ACTION: The purpose of this step is the actual specification of the levels of traffic, by appropriate commodity type, that would use the port in the absence of the proposed project. The basic input for this determination will be the identification of commodity types developed in Step 2, projected traffic from Step 2, and the computed capacity constraints for the port from Appendix B. Harbor Traffic Given the unconstrained traffic flows from Step 2, the application of the computed capacity constraints will determine the traffic that can move through the port in the absence of the project for each year of the project life. Exhibit 3.1 shows how this may be accomplished. Given the commodity groupings, the corresponding port capacity is ascertained as described in Appendix B. For each project year in Exhibit 3.1, the projected tonnage is taken from Exhibit 2.4 for the corresponding year. Actual tonnage is then the lower of capacity, column (2) or the projected tonnage for that year, column (3). Project Traffic The next step is to determine the pr.ojected commodity flows that should be associatdd with the project described in the application. The major difficulty in developing the-commodity flow will be for projects which affect a significant, but small portion of the harbor. Rather obviously, harbor wide improvements will affect 100 percent of the traffic. Similarly, for dock specific projects, data should be available from the dock user or owner, or should be readily identifiable from the data developed in Step 1 based on the use of the dock. For new projects, special studies will often provide the necessary data base. 26 For any remaining projects, there are several methods available for determining the traffic levels. For reasons of simplicity, it is recommended that in these instances the traffic expected to utilize the proposed project should be computed as (1) the proportion of (new) capacity the project represents, if dock capacities are available, or (2) each dock should receive a equal proportion of traffic. For example, the capacity of grain elevators is usually readily available. In this case, if no specific information is available, the traffic allocated to the proposed project should be the ratio of the capacity of the "new" elevator to the total grain capacity of the port. Where capacities are not readily available, or docks are rather similar, for example general cargo docks, the traffic allocated to the project would be the number of affected docks divided by the number of docks in the port that handle the relevant types of commodities. It is not expected that the two methods will yi*eld the same answer. Whenever possible, Method 1 should be used. At this point, traffic levels through the harbor without the project in place have been determined. Also, the particular types of commodities that require further consideration have been identified. This will serve as input to the next step to determine the levels of traffic with the project and the potential traffic that might benefit from the project. One important point has been ignored in Exhibit 3.1. Capacity is treated as totally determined in the base year. However, in some cases, capacity may change from period to period due to changing conditions at a harbor or facility. For example, docks may be retired, dredging curtailed, or new facilities or equipment may be scheduled to begin operations in the near future. Capacity estimates should reflect any known or foreseeable conditions that will influence port/harbor capability to operate at current levels. In this event, Exhibit 3.1 would be expanded to a series of tables with capacity defined for each period of time, based on operating characteristics and facilities expected for each time period. Exhibit 3.2 has been included to show computations of port based on the formulas of Appendix B and hypothetical data that is roughly consistent with the Port of Kenosha. As was noted in Appendix B, the three capacity methods do not yield the same answer and the storage capacity of the port is the limiting capacity. It should be noted that the berth capacity has been transformed into tons per year by multiplying the average vessel size (10,000 in Exhibit 3.2) by the formula for berth capacity from Appendix B. As can be noted from Exhibits 2.4 and 3.2, the port capacity far exceeds the projected year 2035 tonnage for this example, so that all projected tonnage can be processed through the port. This example is based on a project that would 27 repair one of two-docks in the port and it is not expected that the dock can continue to move traffic without the necessary repairs. Based on the earlier discussion, the capacity of each dock would be 354,703 tons (one-half of 709,406), with each dock expected to handle one-half of the tonnage in each year (see Exhibit 4.2). 28 M moo MM on M MMW M WM M EXHIBIT 3. 1 PROJECTED PORT PROJECT TONNAGE COMMODITY (2) (4) Year- Year- Harbor/Port Projected Actual Project Year Capacity Tonnage Tonnage 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 TOTAL (2) Source: Appendix B (3) Source: Exhibit 2.4 (4) Lower of columns (2) or (3) EXHIBIT 3.2 Exemplary Port Capacity Computations Berth Handling Capacity Capacity Hours (HRS.) 24 24 Days (DYS) 270 270 Berths W 4 N/A Equipment (EQ) N/A 2 Service Rate (V) .02 N/A Handling Rate (HRH) N/A 200 Utilization Efficiency (u) .70 .50 Average Vessel Size 10,000 N/A Capacity 3,628,800 tons 1,296,000 tons Storage Capacity Storage Area - Sq. Ft. (TSA) 827,640 Storage Area/Ton (NAPT) 10 Days in Storage (DWTM) 7 Storage Utilization (CSU) .9 Proportion of Area Used in Storage (PROP) .2 Days Available (DYS) 270 Capacity 709,406 tons 30 STEP 4 PURPOSE: Determine actual co mmodity flows through the harbor under with project conditions. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Commodity flows from Steps 2 and 3 2. Port/dock capacities from Appendix B RECOMMENDED ACTION: This step will utilize information on projected traffic, and port and project capacities to determine the traffic that may benefit from the project. Exhibit 4.1 shows a tabular display of how this may be computed. Lines 1 and 2 are taken directly from Exhibit 3.1 and simply indicate the projected traffic levels and the constrained without project traffic levels by commodity type (which may be all commodities for certain types of projects). Line 3 represents the addition to capacity provided by the project (which might be zero for some types of projects). Line 4 represents any additional traffic that might move if there were no constraints. Line 5 is then the additional traffic that can move by providing the project. At this point, the necessary information on quantities has been produced, that is the Q11s and Q 2 Is of the benefit computation equation are contained implicitly in Exhibit 4.1. Line 2 of Exhibit 4.1 represents the time series of Q S. Line 4 represents the time series of Q Is, while Line I represents Q2_Q It should be noted @hat there are many types of project's for which Line 5 will be zero. That is, the project does not allow for higher traffic levels, but simply moves this traffic more efficiently than is currently the case. This is quite consistent with the methodology and will not yield zero benefits, since price effectsi on the traffic will still be present. EXAMPLE Exhibit 4.2 is provided as an example based on the earlier exhibits for tonnage and capacity. The project traffic is one-half of that projected for the port (Exhibit 2-4). Although the facility will not be -useful without the project, traffic will continue to use the port so that there is no new traffic and projected and constrained traffic are equal. Project capacity was discussed in Step 3 and is shown a@s one-half the port capacity since there are two docks in the port. Thus, there is no potential new traffic through the port and lines 4 and 5 of Exhibit 4.2 are zero. This is exactly the case cited above, where the project does not handle "new" traffic, but can handle existing traffic at a lower relative cost in the with project 31 condition. This yields no potential new traffic for any year of the project, and since traffic is less than project capacity, all projected traffic will move through the port. 32 WWI MOM M M 0 M WWI M M on-MI M MM EXHIBIT 4.1 COMPUTATION OF PROJECT TRAFFIC COMMODITY Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- Year- 1. Unconstrained Traffic 2. Constrained Without Project Traffic (Ql) 3. With Project Capacity 4. With Project New Traffic (Q2) LJ (Lower of Lines 1 or 3) 5. New Traffic (Q2 - Ql) (Lower of Lines 3 or 4) 1. Source: Exhibit 3.1, Column 3 2. Source: Exhibit 3.1, Column 4 3. Source: Appendix B or project application M M M W W M EXHIBIT 4.2 EXEMPLARY COMPUTATION OF PROJECT TRAFFIC COMMODITY - ALL COMMODITIES Year-1985 Year-1990 Year-2000 Year-2035 1. Unconstrained Traffic .48,852 55,287 65,:@565 124,390 2. Constrained Without Project Traffic 48,852 55,287 65,565 124,390 3. With Project Capacity 354,703 354,703 354,703 354,703 4. With Project Traffic (Q2) (Lower of Lines 1 or 3) 0 0 0 0 5. New Traffic (Q2 - Ql) (Lower of Lines 3 or 4) 0 0 0 0 1. Source: Exhibit 3. 1, Column---,3-, 2. Source: Exhibit 3.1, Column 4 3. Source: Appendix B or project application STEP 5 PURPOSE: Determine current and future transportation impacts on commodity movements without the project. DATLA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Commodity movements from Steps 3 and 4 2. Special studies as available 3. Appendix C DISCUSSION: The purpose of this step is to develop basic information on transportation costs necessary to compute transportation savings accruing to any proposed project. Because the nature of savings is the difference between costs with and without the project in place, the amount of necessary information is greatly reduced, once the nature of the project effects are visible. For example, a channel deepening project will affect the line haul shipping costs, but no other components of the total transportation costs such as handling or the cost of moving the commodity to the port. On the other hand, it is not necessary to exactly specify current costs for certain types of projects. They can simply be set equal to zero. That is, without the project all current costs will be incurred, plus some additional cost to compensate for the lack of the project. A simple example would be a project that decreased time at a dock by one hour per vessel. The only issue is the value of the one hour time saving by implementing the project. All other components of transport costs will be the same regardless of the project. Thus, the focus of this step is to delineate the necessary basic transportation cost information, by project type and time period that will allow the computation of transportation savings. RECOMMENDED ACTION: This step will identify the relevant without project transportation impacts on movements identified in Steps 3 and 4 that may benefit from.the proposed.-project. As should be clear from the-aboxe discussion, this step is intimately related to Step 6, determining alternative transport costs for these movements. That is, the two steps are related in the sense that taken together they identify only those components and costs among all transport factors that will be affected by the proposed project. Project Types In setting forth the without project transportation impacts, three types of projects can be conceptually considered. The first type of project is represented by channel deepening or straightening, for example, where cost savings would accrue 35 regardless of the amount of traffic through the port. The second type of project is related to reduced congestion. For example, adding additional berths at a dock to reduce congestion at the dock. The third type of project is one which eliminates or significantly alters an unnecessary component of total transportation or production costs. For example, a project that would eliminate a portion of the handling of commodities, such as a conveyor system. In many cases, especially for the larger ports such as Milwaukee or Duluth-Superior, there will be special studies which will have calculated transportation impacts and costs. These can be used in the case of these ports, and as guidelines for nearby ports. Also, these studies will be most helpful in determining alternative routing in Step 6. Other relevant information might be obtained by contacting dock operators. Project Impacts - Physical Effects For many of the projects to be evaluated with this methodology, there is no need to explicitly consider alternate routes or modes, so that Step 5 is to a large extent a restatement of the reason for the application. A good example of this type of project is maintenance dredging. Generally, maintenance dredging will not incr'ease tonnage through a port, but will allow the tonnage to be shipped at a lower cost by allowing vessels to load to a greater draft. Since Q 1 = Q,, the with and without project tonnages are the same; on y the prices associated with this tonnage change. Thus, Q Q 0 and the benefit evaluation equation reduces t@ Q2(@I=_ P2) As will be described in the next step, this is easier to compute directly, rather than to compute each variable separately and to take the difference. As will become clear in Step 6, generally, the dredging example is a fairly normal case. For general harbor improvements, this is virtually always true. For the other two types of projects cited@above, this is also likely to be true. Thus, what this step requires is a determination of the transportation cost component(s) that will be affected by the proposed project. Exhibit 5.1 shows a tabular format for determining these effects. Exhibit 5.1 is simply a general listing of possible ransportation cost components. It should also clarify why this step is not really necessary for the dredging example. The only t real effect of a dredging project would be reflected in Line 4, with the explanation denoting the change in channel depth. For the other lines in Exhibit 5.1, there is no:effect and hence they can be ignored. 36 For the second type of projects, congestion, the effects could appear in one of two lines or possibly both lines. Congestion might affect Lines 3 or 5 by decreasing the amount of time a vessel spends in port. They might also appear in Lines 2 or 06 if congestion is sufficient to cause cargo to be shipped through an alternative port or an alternative dock in the same port. In this event,'Lines 2 or 6 would reflect the increased truck or rail haul to the alternative dock in miles. This case would also correspond to the third type of project cited above. For example, these lines might reflect decreased waiting time at a berth, or a truck haul to some other port. Again, it should be noted that the declining base case may make it necessary to compute Exhibit 5.1 for various years of the project life, since the differential effect of the project may vary as the without project condition declines in efficiency. For example, the without project channel depth may be decreasing due to lack of maintenance dredging. Also, differences between commodities may make it necessary to compute Exhibit 5.1 for each commodity the project may affect. EXAMPLE Continuing our earlier example based on the Kenosha application, we hypothesis that all port traffic will continue to utilize the 11ort of Kenosha, but will need to be hauled from one dock to the other dock in the port due to the manner in which the storage facilities in the port are configured. The result is that Exhibit 5.2, Line 3, shows that loading at the port would require transportation from one dock to the other in the without project condition. Thus, Exhibit 5.2 shows an effect in Line 3 of an additional truck charge between the two docks in the port. 37 M IN, M M M MM M M mm M M M EXHIBIT 5.1 PROJECT EFFECTS ON TRANSPORTATION COST COMPONENTS (3) (1) (2) Explanation of No Yes Effect 1. Is loading charge at inland origin affected? 2. Is truck/rail charge to port affected.? 3. Is unloading/storage/loading at origin port affected? 4. Is line-haul vessel cost affected? 5. Is unloading/storage/loading at destination port affected? co 6. Is truck/rail charge to inland destination affected? 7- Is unloadi.ng'charge at inland destination affected? 8. Will project affect industrial production at any dock? NOTE: Complete explanation only where costs are affected, and see Appendix C for cost effects for use in Step 6. Explanation may be in dollars, where charges are known, or a physical quantity such as miles or vessel draft. MM EXHIBIT 5.2 PROJECT EFFECTS ON TRANSPORTATION COST COMPONENTS KENOSHA (3) (2) Explanation of No Yes Effect 1. Is loading charge at inland origin affected? x 2. Is truck/rail charge to port affected? x 3. Is unloading/storage/loading at origin port affected? x Trucking between docks 4. Is line-haul vessel cost affected? x U.) 5. Is unloading/storage/loading at destination Q0 port affected? X 6. Is truck/rail charge to inland destination affected? X 7. Is unloading charge at inland destination affected? 8. Will project affect industrial production at any dock? X NOTE: Complete explanation only where costs are affected, and see Appendix C for cost effects for use in Step 6. Explanation may be in dollars, where charges are known, or a physical quantity such as miles or vessel draft. ST E P 6 PURPOSE: Identify transportation costs associated with trans- portation impacts identified in Step 5. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Appropriate published tariffs 2. Appendix C 3. Information on transportation impacts from Step 5 RECOMMENDED ACTION: This step will compute the cost of, impacted transportation components for shipping the cargoes in question in the event that the project were not completed. In conjunction with the efforts of Step 5, the output of this task will identify the least cost alternative to the use of the project in question. Using the costs identified in Appendix C, the output of Tasks 2 through 6 will describe traffic using the project, and the cost savings associated with implementation of the project. Transportation Costs - Alternative Ports/Docks Identification of the costs of transportation via alternative route or mode should. consider which waterborne route is the most reasonable alternative first. In effect, this implies selection of the most likely port or dock which would handle the cargo in question, alternative to the port or dock effected by the project being considered. This was a main goal of Step 5, to determine how cargo will move in the absence of the proposed project. If alternative ports will not be utilized, then proceed to the next section in this step. The use of an alternative port will have three types of potential cost impacts. The first type results from a differential access cost, i.e., truck-haul, between two porto, or docks. If this is the only impact, cost savings can be computed using section C.6.5 to estimate the differential truck costs to reach each port/dock. The second type of cost impact from using an alternative port/dock would result from different channel depths. This cost impact can be estimated using the equation in C-3 for deep draft vessels or C-4 for shallow draft vessels (see sections C-3-3, C-5.2 and C.6.1, as applicable). The third type of cost impact from using an alternative port/dock would result from a differential length-of-haul on the water. This cost impact can also be computed using variations of the equations in C.3 and C-4. Since channel depth is not changing, the last term in each equation changes. However, the different length-of-haul will effect ton-miles (TM) in the equation. This 40 variable (TV11), should be replaced by the change in ton-miles resulting from the different length-of-haul on the water (see Sections C-3.3 and C-5.2). It should be noted that implicit in the above discussion is the idea that port charges and components of transportation costs do not vary substantially as the routing of cargo is altered. Strictly speaking, this is probably not true. However, the competitive nature of ports and harbors should enforce a tendency for these costs towards equality so that any differences can usually be safely ignored. That is, each port must be responsive to the competitive threat posed by other area ports so that differences in port charges should be relatively slight. The case where differential charges are likely to be present is where the project is part of a larger development project designed to attract cargo frm other ports. 'Vhile potentially troublesome, projects of this type will usually have been thoroughly studied to determine if, in fact, the cost structure of the development will allow a pricing structure that will attract this tonnage. In this case, information from these studies should be utilized. In other cases, the assumption of equal port charges should be a good approximation for computing efficiencies. Transportation Costs - Alternative Modes Consideration of alternative modes of transportation here means truck and rail almost exclusively. Pipeline transport of chemicals and petroleum products should only be considered in those rare instances where the pipeline is operative. In this case, pipeline costs can always be obtained from the terminal or pipeline operator. As with all modes, the costs considered in this step should be only for existing rights-of-way and not include highways or rail lines in the preliminary planning process. Appendix C contains' generic information for the computation of unit savings when applicable. Rail and truck costs may be determined from special studies. Available rail tariffs may be used ' although these will not be entirely accurate after the rail deregulation of late 1981, and as discussed in Appendix C,, are difficult to use. The Interstate Commerce Commission publishes data on truck charges for regulated movements. For the majority of movements, however, it will be necessary to determine the commodity specific line-haul cost per ton-mile from general transportation studies, such as those contained in Appendix C', or special studies and apply these to the base tonnage and the 41 mileage from the route most likely to be used for rail or truck. (See Sections C-6.4 and C-6-5, respectively.) Any modal transfer charges involved should be added. (See Section C.6.6). Transportation Costs - Same Port/Mode This is the case where traffic uses the same port and same mode in both the with and without project conditions. In general, this is the most likely cost evaluation procedure applicable to projects. Based on the impacts set forth in Step 5, all cost impacts can be computed using the procedures set forth in Appendix C. For channel deepening, see C-3 and C.4 for deep draft and shallow draft projects, respectively. For projects affecting production facilities such as vessel repair docks, see C-8. Other types of improvements are discussed in 'C".9 and C.10. Trans2ortation Costs - Summary The unit prices should be computed as discussed above and in Appendix C, and entered in Exhibit 6.1 as appropriate. When applicable, the savings can be computed directly as discussed in Appendix C, so that the first two columns of Exhibit 6.1 do not need to be filled in. Exhibit 6.2 continues the Kenosha-based example. From Exhibit 5.2, the transportation impact, (Pl), of trucking between docks is estimated at $.65 per ton based on Appendix C. Since this is eliminated by the project, P. = 0 and P 1 - P 2 $.65. It is imp _L ortant to note that Exhibit 6.1 can reflect all of the possible cost effects cited above. For example, a shipment might be trucked to an alternative dock that has less channel depth. In this instance, both Lines 3 and 4 would be completed to reflect these cost impacts. 42 m m EXHIBIT 6.1 Computation of Unit Savings and Prices (1) (2) (3) Without Project With Project Unit Price p, Price - P2 Savings (Pl-P2) 1. Loading charge at inland origin 2. Truck/rail charge to port 3. Unloading/storage/loading at origin port 4. Line-haul vessel costs S. Unloading/storage/loading at destination port 6. Truck/rail charge to inland destination 7. Unloading charge at inland destination 8. other 9. Total (1) Source: Appendix C, per Exhibit 5.1 (2) Source: Appendix C, per Exhibit 5.1 (3) Column (2) minus column (1) or Appendix C per Exhibit 5.1 x Noeffect, per Exhibit 5..l. NC If Column (3) is computed directly, enter NC in Columns (2) and. (3) M M M M M M M EXHIBIT 6.2 COMPUTATION OF UNIT SAVINGS AND PRICES _- KENOSHA (2) (3) Without Project With Project Unit Price - p, Price - P2 Savings (Pi-P-) 1. Loading charge at inland or;,gin x x 0 2. Truck/rail charge to port x x 0 3. Unloading/storage/loading at origin port .65 0 ..65 4. Line-haul vessel costs x x 0 5. Unloading/storage/Joading at destination port X 0 6. Truck/rail charge to inland destination x x 0 7. Unloading charge at inland destination x x 0 8. other x 0 9. Total x x .65 (1) Source: Appendix C, per Exhibit 5.1 (2) Source: Appendix C, per Exhibit 5.1 (3) Column (2) minus column (1) or Appendix C per Exhibit 5.1 x Noeffect, per Exhibit 5.1.' NC If Column (3) is computed directly, enter NC in Columns (2) and (3) STEP 7 PURPOS E: Computation of project benefits. DATA REQUIREMENTS: Price and quantity information from Steps 4 and 6. RECOMMENDED ACTION: The project benefit in any given year is equivalent to the cost savings resulting from the implementation of the project as opposed to the least costly method of transporting cargoes without the project. In other words, the opportunity cost of the project is the difference between waterborne transportation cost with the project and the cost of the cheapest transportation method without the project. This net difference is to be determined from the information developed in the previous tasks and should be calculated for each reference period. These benefits will be discounted to a common time frame in Step 8. Computing Benefits Gross benefits per year are computed from the benefit computation equation. (P1-P2) Q1 + 1/2(P 1-P 2)(Q2-Ql ) + (P 2-C2)(Q2-Ql) where, prices, P P and P 19 2 @ 1-P2 are determined from Steps and 6, and quantities Q1 and Q2 are determined from Step 4. Generally, P 1 and Q1 refer to the without project condition and P2 and Q 2 refer to the with project condition, and the time subscript is ignored at present. In some cases, parts of this formula will be zero, i.e., if P 1 = P 2 or Q2 = Q1, so that the formula simplifies to: (Pi-P 2)Q or P(Q2-Ql) where, Q = Q, Q21 P = Pi-ci P2 C2* The first of these simplified equations represents the gross cost savings from the project being considered, while the latter reflects the gross value of increased throughput. Exhibits 7.1 through 7.4 show how to compute benefits based on the informataion developed earlier. Exhibits 7.1 to 7.3 are simply tabular computations of the three terms in the benefit computation equation. If either of the two simpler equations are applicable, then only one of these exhibits will need to be 45 completed. -Exhibit 7.4 simply sums up Exhibits 7.1 to 7.3 to obtain total gross transportation benefits accruing to the project. Salvage Value Before proceeding to the discounting of benefits, one last potential area of benefits must be considered and included in Exhibit 7.4. This is the possible salvage value of the project in the final year of the project life. It is expected that for most projects, salvage value will be zero. For example, a dredging project has no salvageable aspects. However, other types of projects will. The main salvage value to compute will generally be the value of land that will become "available" when the project life expires. This value can be taken from the project application or obtained from local officials. Another possibility is that equipment on the site itself may be salvageable to some extent for use in some other type of endeavor when the project life expires. Where such value can be identified and quantified, it should be included in the total benefits for the last year of the project and explained in the footnote to Exhibit 7.4. EXAMPLE Exhibit 7.5 shows the benefit computation for the Kenosha based example. For reasons of simplicity, only three years are shown, the first three years for which tonnage was computed in Exhibit 4.2. The first year of project life is assumed to be 1985 and thus 1990 is the 6th year and 2000 the 16th year. Of course, a complete computation would also show computations for each year of the project life, which is assumed as 50 years in this example. Quantities are taken from Exhibit 4.2, and the price differential was cited in the text of Steps 5 and 6 and shown in Exhibit 6.2. 46 EXHIBIT 7.1 Computation of Benefits - Price Effect Project (1) (2) (3) Year PI-P2 X Q-1- Benefits 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 (1) Source: Exhibit 6.1, Column (3) (2) Source: Exhibit 4.1, Line 2 NOTE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO CHECK THAT THE QUAHTITIES OF COLUMN (2) ARE MEASURED IN THE SAME UNITS AS THE DOLLARS PER UNIT ARE MEASURED IN COLUMN (1 WHICH IS USUALLY DOLLARS PER TON. 47 EXHIBIT 7.2 Computation of Benefits Quantity Effects Project (1) (2) (3) Year P2 x 2-2-21 Benefits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 (1) Source: Exhibit 6.1, Colum T2-T (2) Source: Exhibit 4.1, Line 5 NOTE: IT IS Il,,IPORTA@:TT TO CHECK THAT THE QUANTITIES OF COLUMN (2) ARE MEASURED IN THE SAME UNITS AS THE DOLLARS PER UNIT ARE MEASURED IN COLUMN (1), WHICH IS USUALLY DOLLARS PTER TON. 48 Exhibit 7.3 Computation of Benefits.-Surplus Project (1) (2) (3) (4) Year 112 x PI-P2 X 22-21. Benefits .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9 .5 10 .5 11 .5 12 .5 13 .5 14 .5 15 .5 16 .5 17 .5 18 .5 19 .5 20 .5 21 .5 22 .5 23 .5 24 .5 25 .5 26 .5 27 .5 28 .5 29 .5 30 .5 31-35 -5@ 36-40 .5 41-45 .5 46-50 .5 (2) Source: Exhibit 6.1, Column T3-T- (3) Source: Exhibit 4.1, Line 5 NOTE: I T IS IMPORTANT TO CHECK THAT THE QUANTITIES OF COLUMN (2) ARE MEASURED IN THE SAME UNITS AS THE DOLLARS PER UNIT ARE MEASURED IN COLUMN (1), WHICH IS USUALLY DOLLARS PER TON. 49 EXHIBIT 7.4 Total Benefits Price Effect Output Effect Consumer Surplus Project Exhibit 7.1 Exhibit 7.2 Exhibit 7.3 M* M Year Column 3 Column 3 Column 4 @Otal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 (1) Sum of other 3 columns Includes project salvage value of $ in year the last year of project life. so EXHIBIT 7.5 Exemplary Computation of Benefits-Price T]ffect Kenosha Project (2) (3) Year P X I-P2 Q1 Benefits 1 .65 48,852 31,754 2 .65 .3 .65 4 .65 5 .65 6 .65 55,287 35,937 7 .65 8 .65 9 .65 10 .65 11 .65 12 .65 13 .65 14 .65 15 .65 16 .65 65,565 42,617 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 75T (1) Source: Exhibit 6.1, Column (2) Source: Exhibit 4.2, Line (2) STEP 8 PURPOSE: Determine discounted benefits associated with the proposed project. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Benefits from Step 7 RECOMMENDED ACTION: Once annual project benefits have been computed, it is necessary to discount benefits to a common time- frame, in this instance the first year of the project life. The interest rate selected for purposes of discounting is 7 percent. Discounting Benefits Exhibit 8.1 presents a tabular format for discounting benefits, although the use of a computerized discounting program is acceptable. The exhibit is laid out as if benefits are computed for each year, which is unlikely. The first step in completing the table is to fill in the computed benefits for each available year of the project life from Exhibit 7.4. The next step is to interpolate between available years to fill in the remaining years. For example, if first year benefits are $10 and fifth year benefits are $50, then in four years benefits increase $40 or $10 per year. Hence, benefits in the second year are $20, in the third year 'D"30 and the fourth year $40. This process is continued throughout the project life. T'hen for each year of the project life, the benefits are multiplied by the discount value Uo obtain the present value of benefits. These values are then summed to obtain the present value of all project benefits. Thus, the example above would be computed as follows: Discounted Times Equals Year Value Benefits Present Value 1 .934t5744 $10 $ 9-345'@94 2 .8734386 20 17-468772 3 .8162978 30 24-488934 4 .7628952 40 30-515808 5 .7129861 50 35.649385 sum $117-47 The table is set forth annually for 30 years. For projects with evaluation periods over 30 years, the table is set up to eliminate interpolation. The above process would still be undertaken for the first 30 years, but the discount value for each five year period over 30 years already accounts for each year in the five year period, so that benefits for the last year 52 of the five year period can be multiplied by the relevant discount factor. For example, a project with a 40 year life having benefits of $100 in year 35 and $120 in year 40 would be discounted as $100 times .538631 and .3840362 times $120. If a 35 year value were not available, then it would be interpolated as outlined above. EXAMPLE Returning to our earlier, Kenosha based example, Exhibit 8.2 shows this computation for the three years cited in Exhibit 7.5 and for which tonnage was computed in Exhibit 2.4. To complete the discounting process, the exhibit would need to be computed for all 50 years of the project life and then summed to obtain the present value of benefits. Based on the method cited above, one can interpolate between the first and the sixth years to compute benefits for the intervening years. Since benefits increase $4,183 over the five year period, they are increasing by $837 per year. Hence, year 2 benefits are $32,591 and have a present value of $Z8,466. After completing each year, the last column of 'Exhibit 8.2 would then be summed to obtain the total present value of benefits. In the example, this is approximately $550,000. (As noted earlier, this computation can 'be greatly simplified using a computerized discounting program, such as those available on financial type hand calculators.) 53 EXHIBIT 8.1 Discounted Benefits at 7 Percent Discount Value at Times Equals Year - 7% Benefits Present Value 1 .9345794 2 .8734386 3 .8162978 4 .7628952 5 .7129861 6 .6663422 7 .6227497 8 .5820091 9 .5439337 10 .5083491 11 .4750928 12 .4440119 13 .4149644 14 .3878171 15 .3624460 16 .3387345 17 .3165744 18 .2958638 19 .2765083 20 .2584190 21 .2416131 22 .2257131 23 .2109469 24 .1971465 25 .1842492 26 .1721954 27 .1608383 28 .1504822 29 .'1405B28 30 .1313671 31-35 .5386310 36-40 .3840362 41-45 .2738689 46-50 .1952244 Sum 54 EXHIBIT 8.2 Exemplary Discounted Benefits Discount Project Value at Times Present Year 7% Benefits Value 1 .9345794 31,754 $ 29,676 2 3 4 5 6 .6663422 35,937 23',946 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 .3387345 42,617 14,436 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 Sum Approximately $550,000 55 STEP 9 PURPOSE: Determine project benefit-cost ratio and project net benefits. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Project costs from Step 1 2. Project benefits from Step 8 RECOMMENDED ACTION: This step simply combines the cost and benefit information developed from earlier steps, and summarizes the economic efficiencies of the proposed project. Exhibit 9.1 shows a tabular format for computing the benefit-cost ratio, net present value of benefits and the annualized net present value of benefits. Exhibit 9.2 shows an exemplary application for our Kenosha based example. Discounted benefits were taken from Exhibit 8.2 and the discounted costs from Exhibit 1.3. The difference between the two represents the net present value of the project (line 3) and their quotient, the benefit-cost ratios of the project (line 4). The annualized net present value of benefits (line 5) is computed as the net present value of benefits divided by the appropriate annuity factor. This represents the worth of the project shown as a constant income flow over the project life. 56 EXHIBIT 9.1 Net- Project Benefits at 77-Discount Rate 1. Discounted Benefits (Exhibit 8.1) 2. Discounted Costs (Exhibit 1-2) 3. Net Present Value (Line 1 - Line 2) 4. Benefit/Cost Ratio (Line 1 divided by Line 2) 5. Annualized Net Present Value 1 Line 3 divided by annuity factor based on project life. If project life = 25 years, annuity factor = 11.654 If project life = 30 years, annuity factor = 12-409 If project life = 40 years, annuity factor = 13-332 If project life = 50 years, annuity factor = 13-809 For any project life, the annuity factor is the sum of the discount values in Exhibit 8.1 through the project life. Thus for a two year project, the annuity factor is 1.808018 = .9345794 + .8734386. EXHIBIT 9.2 Exemplary Net Project Benefits 1. Discounted Benefits (Exhibit 8-1) $550,000 2. Discounted Costs (Exhibit 1-2) 71,142 3. Net Present Value (Line 1 - Line 2) 478,858 4. Benefit/Cost Ratio (Line I - divided.-by Line 2) 7.73 5. Annualized Net Present Valuel 34,677 Line 3 divided by annuity factor based on project life. If project life = 25 years, annuity factor = 11.654 If project life = 30 years, annuity factor = 12-409 If project life = 40 years, annuity factor = 13-332 If project life = 50 years, annuity factor = 13-809 For any project life, the annuity factor is the sum of the discount values in Exhibit 8.1 through the project life. Thus, for a two year project, the annuity factor is 1.808018 .9345794 + .8734386. 57 STEP 10 PURPOSE: Determine parameter values for computing economic impacts of projects. DATLA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Appendix D 2. Benefits from Step 9 3. Project application 4. Traffic from Step 4 RECOMMENDED ACTION: This step will develop the basic parameters needed to compute two aspects of economic impacts resulting from the project. The first aspect is the regional or multiplier impacts created by the project. The second aspect is the distribution of benefits and impacts by various regions. Types of Impacts Four types of regional or multiplier impacts are considered income, sales, employment and taxes. Exhibit 10.1 shows these parameters for selected projected and for the entire state, based on 1978 data. Appendix D contains a description of how these parameters were computed and how they may be computed for .other areas. To briefly summarize these parameters, the income multiplier is based on the "concentration" technique and indicates how much income results from a $1.00 increase in basic income in a particular region. The income/sales multiplier shows the amount of gross sales that will result from $1.00 of income. The wage per worker shows how much income is necessary to support one average full-time worker in a particular area. The effective tax rates show federal, state and sales tax paid on every dollar of income for a particular region. Computation of these parameters is rather staight forward, although they can require a significant amount of computatlion. As noted above, Appendix D fully describes the methods for computing these parameters. Distribution of Benefits and Impacts Determining the distribution of benefits and impacts is more complex and represents two inter-related steps. The method presented here is known not to be exact, but will yield fairly reliable estimates of the distribution of benefits and impacts for most projects. The first step is to determine the distribution of benefits based on the origins/destinations of the traffic that will utilize the proposed project. The next step is to adjust this distribution to reflect the fact that a 58 project, and its direct employment impact, are felt within the port area. For example, one would suspect that the preponderance of benefits accruing to a grain elevator are not felt at the port where the elevator is located, but in the areas where the grain is grown. However, due to the direct employment impact at the elevator, some benefits will accrue to the local area. It is the purpose of this second step to adjust the distribution of impacts to reflect this known local effect. The computation of these two steps to determine the allocation of benefits by region is fully discussed in Appendix D. Basically, the allocation procedure works as follows. An initial distribution of benefits is estimated based on the origins and destinations of traffic (in tons) that will use a project. If the origin or destination is within the port county, then the traffic is considered to have a local impact. If neither the origin or destination is within the port county, then it is allocated to the non-port region of the state, if either the origin or destination is within the state. If neither of these conditions is met, then the traffic is allocated to the non-state region. By examining the traffic through the project, project tonnage is allocated to one of thse three regions, in the order they have been cited. In the Kenosha example, assume a project has traffic which is such that one-third of the traffic should be allocated to each region, e.g., one-third local, one-third state and one-third non-state. The next step is to adjust this initial distribution to account for known local impacts of the project. This computation is illustrated in Exhibit 10.2. Based on the benefits computed in Step 9, average annual benefits are computed using an annuity factor. Using the state income multiplier from Exhibit 10.1, the annualized income associated with the benefits is computed (Line 5). This figure is then divided by avera@eiwage)per worker to determine the total number of jobs created L ne 7 - The number of full-time jobs at the project site is then subtracted from total employment to obtain the number of jobs_that will be created @y the project that do not represent direct employment from the project (Line 9). These remaining jobs are allocated by region according to the benefit allocation proportions determined by the distribution of traffic origins and destinations, in our example, one-third each locally, state-wide but non-port and out-of-state. Then a new distribution of benefits is determined based on the total number of jobs created and the distribution of where those jobs are located. This is shown in Exhibit'10-.2. Total job creation is 6.02, of which four will be employment at the project, leaving 2.02 jobs that will be created as a result of the multiplier effect. These remaining jobs are then allocated by region based on the original distribution of benefits based on the origin/ 59 destinations of traffic. A new distribution of benefits and impacts is then computed based on the just computed distribution of jobs. That is, the new proportion of local benefits is one-third of the 2.02 jobs plus the four jobs at the project, all divided by 6.02, or .776 of benefits are now allocated locally. As shown in the exhibit, the benefit proportions for the remaining two areas are computed similarly. This new distribution is then used in the next step to allocate benefits between the various areas that may be impacted. 60 EXHIBIT 10.1 Parameters for Estimating Regional Impacts of Projects (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Effective Tax Rates Income Sales/Income Wage Per Area Multiplier Multiplier Worker Federal State Sales STATE 2.22 6.523 $14,677 .1867 .0473 .0217 Milwaukee SMSA 2.28 5.386 15,993 .1891 .0487 .0217 Milwaukee 2.82 5.43B .16,006 .1894 .0475 .0217 Kenosha 1.78 5.767 15,794 .1871 .0478 .0217 Manitowoc 1.99 6.180 13,127 .1864 .0451 .0217 Marinette 1.59 7.102 14.037 .1873 .0422 .0217 Crawford 1.47 10.009 13,158 .1809 .0408 .0217 Sheboygan 1.87 6.812 13,248 .1870 .0459 .0217 Door 1.62 6.330 13,866 .1844 .0434 .0217 Ashland 1.69 5.520 11,863 .1920 .0396 .0217 Lacrosse 2.15 5.536 13,066 .1888 .0451 .0217 Douglas 1.80 10,663 13,309 .1925 .0445 .0217 Out of State 2.22 6.523 14,677 .1867 .0473 .0217 (1) Source: Appendix D, Table D.3 (4) Source: Appendix D, Table D.10 (2) Source: Appendix D, Table D.5 (5) Source: Appendix D, Table D.10 (3) Source: Appendix D, Table D.8 (6) Source: Appendix D, Table D.10 EXHIBIT 10.2 Exemplary Computation of Distribtuion of Benefits 1. Discounted Benefits (Exhibit 9.1, Line 1) $550,000 2. Annuity Factor (Exhibit 9.1, Footnote; or computed) 13.809 3. Annualized Benefits (Line 1 div. Line 2) $ 39,829 4. Income Multiplier (Exhibit 10.1, Column 1) 2.220 5. Income (Line 3 times Line 4) $ 88,420 6. Wage per Worker (Exhibit 10.1, Column 3) $ 14,677 7. Total Jobs Created (Line 5 div. Line 6) 6.020 8. Less Project Employment (from application) 4.000 9. Equals Total Non-Project Employment (Line 7- Line 8) 2.020 10. Initial Local Benefit Proportion .333 11. New Local Benefit Proportion ((Line 10 times Line 9) + Line 8) div. Line 7) .776 12. Initial State, Non-Port Benefit Proportion .333 13. New State, Non-Port Benefit Proportion (Line 12 times Line 9 divided by Line 7) .112 4. Initial Non-State Benefit Proportion .333 15. New Non-State, Benefit Proportion (Line 14 times Line 9 div. Line 7) .112 62 STEP 11 PURPOSE: Compute and summarize project benefits and impacts. DATA REQUIREMENTS: 1. Impact parameters from Step 10 2. Benefits from Step 9 - 3. Costs from application and Step 1 RECOMMENDED ACTION: This represents the last step in the evaluation and impact assessment. Based on the benefits, costs and estimated impact parameters, this step will compute all relevant information needed to summarize the economic efficiencies and impacts resulting from the application. Computation of all this information will require the completio n of three tables. The first, Exhibit 11.1, computes the allocation of costs and benefits for the project. These benefit and cost shares are primary input into Exhibits 11.2 and 11.3, the Wisconsin Harbor Assistance Program Economic Impact Summary and its accompanying Work Sheet. Benefit/Cost Allocation In Exhibit 11.1, benefits and costs are allocated by region based on information developed in Exhibits 10.2, 9.1 and 1.2 as well as the project application. The first step in Exhibit 11.1 is to determine the value of benefits assigned to each region. This is accomplished using the benefit proportions developed in Exhibit 10.2 and multiplying these by the total project benefits. These figures are then entered into Lines 1, 11 and 21 of Exhibit 11.3, respectively as they will be used for further computations. The next step in Exhibit 11.1 is to determine cost shares allocated to each region using information from Exhibit 1.2 and the project application. Total project costs were computed in Exhibit 1.2, and 'the state and non-state portions of cost are specified in the application. Non-state costs are to be considered any non-local or non-state funding from any governmental unit. The difference between total costs and state plus non-state costs represent the local costs. Thus, any contributions from local industry are to be considered a local cost. Economic Efficiencies and Impacts The next step is the completion of Exhibit 11.3, the Work Sheet for computing the economic efficiencies and impacts. 'This exhibit is self-explanatory and represents a step by step procedure to compute the summary information necessary for 63 Exhibit 11.2. For each line in Exhibit 11.3, the proper entry is either from an earlier exhibit, and is so referenced, or requires some type of computation, in which case the line contains explicit instructions as to the type of computation and the data needed for the computation. For example, in Line 1, the entry is taken directly from Exhibit 11.1 and in Line 3, the proper entry is the difference between Lines 1 and 2. Completion of Exhibit 11.3 provides all the necessary data to complete the summary of Exhibit 11.2. One will notice that Exhibit 11.2 consists of two very similar tables. The first page of the exhibit is to be completed based on the computations of Exhibit 11.3. The second page of Exhibit 11.2 simply contains the line number of Exhibit 11.3 that contains the appropriate entry for Exhibit. 11.2. For example, the appropriate entry for Exhibit 11.2, Line 5, Column A is taken directly from Exhibit 11.3, Line 6. As can be seen, not all possible entries in Exhibit 11.2 will be made. However, all economically meaningful estimates will be entered in the exhibit. EXAMPLE Following Exhibit 11.3, three exhibits are presented that continue the application of our Kensosha-based example. All information contained in these exhibits has been developed earlier, except for the cost allocation. The example assumes that the state will bear $38,200 of the project cost (80% of construction costs), leaving the port area to bear $42,942. This is the difference between the state share and the total project costs of $81,142 set forth in Exhibit 9.2. Following these two exhibits is Exhibit 11.6 which presents an example of a short narrative that should accompany the economic summary. 64 EXHIBIT 11.1 ALLOCATION OF BENEFITS/COSTS BY REGION (1) (2) (3) 3) 1) 2) Benefits Benefits Project Allocated Proportion Benefits To Each Area 1. Local Area 2. State Non-Local 3. Non-State Cost Allocation 4) Project 5) Costs Allocated 6) Shares Costs To Each Area 4, Local 5. State Non-Local 6. Non-State 5) 1) Source: Exhibit 10.2, Lines 11, 13 and 15, respectively. 2) Source: Exhibit 9.1, Line 1. 3) Column 1 times Cokumn 2. 4) Source: Exhibit 1.2, cost shares. 5) Source: Exhibit 1.2, sum of all costs. 6) Project costs by area times cost shares. 65 M M M M 0 = M M "IBIM.2M M M M M M "el=,-= PROJECT APPLICATION 9 WISCONSIN HARBOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Analysis by: ALTERNATIVE # ECONOMIC IMPACT SUMMARY VERSION A B C D E F G 11 1 STATE PROJECT Expected Net Expected Net State State Total Change Impact Change Impact Port Area Non-Loca I (A+B) Out-of-State (C+ (C-F) (E-H) 1. Discounted Benefits 2. Discounted Costs 3. Net Present Value 4. Benefit/Cost Ratio 5 . Annualized Net Present Value 6. Annualized Income 7. Annualized Sales 8. Annualized Federal Taxes 9. Annualized State Taxes 10. Annualized Excise Taxes 11. Employment of Jobs) EXHIM 11Wt on "t Page 2 11ROJI:CT APPLICATION 0 WISCONSIN HARBOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM All'i Ii S by. ALTERNATIVE N FCONOMIC IMPACT SUMMARY VERSION Work Sheet Line Key A B C D F srATE PRO.) VC] Expected Net 1: X J) C' C t UdNL State State Total Change I 111p: I c tCh'llw'e I mp;lc I Wort Area Non-Local A+l -State (C+D) (C-11 Out-of ')j I Discounted Benefits 1 11 31 36 2. Discounted Costs 2 12 32 22 37 3. Net Present Value 3 13 33 ')3 33 .'I Benel"it/Cost Ratio 4 14 34 24 39 5 Annualized Net Present Value 6 16 35 40 70 6. Annualized Income 10 20 41 44 42 43 45 40 173 7. Annualized Sales 48 50 53 5 2 56 54 55 57 Annualized Federal '1@axes 72 ?4 ?r 7? 73 79 80 31 9 c) 9. Annualized State Taxes 84 86 87 S9 90 91 4, 93 94 10. Annualized Excise Taxes 97 100 101 - 104 105 - - 11. Employment (H of Jobs) 60 62 63 65 68 6C 6? C 0 70 MM M M M M M M EXHIBIT 11.3 PROJECT APPLICATION# WISCONSIN HARBORASSISTANCE PROGRAM ALTERNATIVE# ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WORK SHEET VERSION# Page 1. Port area discounted benefits (from 11. Non-port/state discounted benefits Exhibit 11.1, Line 1, column 3) $ (from Exhibit 11.1, line 2, column 3) $ 2. Port area discounted costs (from 12. Non-port/state discounted costs Exhibit 11.1 , line 4, column 3) $ (from Exhibit 11.1, line 5, column $ 3. Port area net present value (l,ine 1 13. Non-port/state net present value - line 2 $ (line 11 - line 12) $ 4. Port area benefit/cost ratio B/C 14. Non-port/state benefit/cost ratio (line I/line 2) B/C (line II/line 12) 5. Annuity factor (from Exhibit 9.1, 15. Annunity factor (same as line 5) a) footnote or compute co 16. Non-port/state annualized net present 6. Port area annualized net present value (line 13/line 15) $ value (line 3/line 5) $ 17. Non-port/state annualized benefits 7. Port area annualized benefits (line 11/line 15) $ (line l/line 5) $ 18. Non-port/state annualized costs 8. Port area annualized cost (line 21 (line 12/line 15) $ line 5) $ 19. State income multiplier (from 9. Port area income multiplier (from Exhibit 10.1, column 1) 2.22 Exhibit 10.1, column 1) 20. Net change in non-port/state area 10. Net change in port area income income (line 17 x line 19) $ (line 7 x line 9) $ EXHIBIT 11.3 (Con't.) IIRWECT APPLICATION WISCONSIN HAIMOR ASSISTANCF. PROGRAM ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WORK SHUT Page 2 VERSfON Y M. OUt-Of-StatC diSCOLIIItCd hUIIUfitS (from 1. Total state discounLCLI t)C'IIL'flL:, Exhibit 11.1, line 3, column 3) (line I + line 11) 22. OuL-of-State discouiited costs ( from 3 2. TOtill State diSCOMItUd Exhibit 11.1, line 6) 1 i tie 2 + I i ne 12) '3. OUt-01 -state IICt present valtic 3..') . SI ;I I U IlUt. pFL'SVHt Vil IUL' I I IIV 31 less I i ne 21 - I i ne 22) 1 iiiL: 32) 2.1. Out-of-state benefit/cost ratio B/C 3, 1 State benefit/cost rat to !,,,,c (Iiiie 211/1 ine 22) (omit if line 22 = 0.0) ( I ine 3 1/1 ine. 32) S . A i i i i u r i i t y fa. c t o r ( s a i i i e ; t s I i i i u 5 3S. Tot it 1 state annua I i zed net prt-t-tif Va. I LIC (line 33/1 ine 25) 26. Out-of-state annualized not, present VaILIC (Iin@ 23/line 25) 36. Total project diSCOIIntCd benefit.,, (line 31 + line 21) 27. OUt-Of-StatC allnUdliLed ben0l'it'S (line 21/line 2S) 37. To t, i I projCCt diSCOMItCLI CoStS ( I i nc 32 + I ine )8. OLIt -o f - state annua I i zed cus t s I inu 2211 ine 2S) 3 8 . Project net present v.,,liw ( I inc 16 less I i tie 37 '9. 01.1t-Of-State iHCOIIIe IIILIltipliCr (Exhibit 10. 1, column 1) -12. 22 39. Project benef't/cost ratio B/C (line 36/line 37) 30. Net cliange in OLJt-OI'-StLIt,C iJJCOIII.e ((line 27 x line -19) 4 0. Total project annualized nct ValLIC (line 38/line 2S) PROUCT EXHIBIT 11.3 (Con't.) APPLICATION # WISCONSIN HARBOR ASSISTANCE PROCRAM ALITHNATIVIi # LCONOMIC ANAL)"SIS WORK URSION It Page 3 41. Total change in state income (line 10 + S2. Out-of-state sales clizjjit@c I ine 20) $ 1111c SI) (JinL: 3t) -12. Average expected chan)@e in state S3. Tota I state sit I es change t i lie AS incuine (line 37 -*. line 25 X line 29) $ 1 inc. SO) 43. Net change instate incume (tine-AA S-1 . Ave vaie e x pe c t ed S t a t U it I v I i ne .12) (title 42 x line .19) 44. Total change in project area income SS . Net state sit I (.,s change ( I ine I ine 30 + L ine .11) 1 ine S4) 45. Average expected change ]n project So. Total project Z11,C;l SaICS Cll-_L11gL! area LFIC0111C ((line 31 x title 29 1 i lie 52 + I i ne 53 0 line 25) S7. Average expected 1)1-0_iL.'Ct NrCa -16. Net change -in project area income sales change (Ime 45 x line 51) (line 14 - fine 45) .)S. Net project area s;llus chilligu, (from i ne S() - I i nc S7 Port area sale.-;/ incume ratio Exhibit 10.1, column 2) S9. Port area, average annual wage i-m 4S. Purt area sales change (line 10 x Exhibit 10.1, column 3) I ine 17) 00. Port area C111ployment ch;i1l),U 49. State sales/inconic ratio (from ( I i fie 10/ 1 i lie 50) Exhibit.10.1, column 2) 6 .523 01. State ilvel-age all(Mill wage (frilitt SO. Null- po rt /.Stat C sales change Exhibit 10.1, column 3) 677 (line 20 x line .19) 02. Non-port/state ciliploymenlL cllitilgc -s I . Out-uf-state sal es/i 11coille ratio (title 20/linv (it) (Exhibit 10.1, column 2) C 5-23 EXHIBIT 11.3 (Con't.) PRUJ I:(A' APPLICATION H WISCONSIN HARBOR ASSISTANCI: PROGRAM ALTERNATIVE M 1--'(:ONoNll(: ANALYSIS WORK SHEFT Page 4 VI.RSION R 63. Tutal -state en'Ploy"'ent change (line 60 + 7.1. Non-port/state federal personal t,IN I i Ile 61) (lillU 20 X IiJIU 7@-i) o-1. 011t-of-statc average allIlUdl wage (from 75. St;ItU/federal lax I line 72 + (Exhibit 10 1 , Column 3) 1 i nu 74 os. out-of-'state U111ploymelit change I'line 30/ 7(). I:I__I'0CtiV0 1_'UdVr_;Jl 11,'ItiOll Wide t;l,\ I i lie 6S) 1'ate (from Exhibit 10.1, column 4) 13t.'7 ob. Average CXI)eCtCLI State CIIII)IOyInClit Change 77. OUt-of-state fCderal personal t;ix (line -12/line 61) (line 30 x line 70) b7. Net change in state emp loyment (I ine 63 78. Project area tCdCral personal tax __J line 66) (Iine 7S + line 77) o8. Total proj,ect area eiiiployment (,,line 63 + 719. Average expected State federal line 6S) personal tax (line 42 x line 7.-1) o9. Average expected project area eiiiployinent 80. Net chang@e in state feder:tl pL-r-soit,il change (line 4S/line 0-1) tax (iine7S - Iine 79) 0. Net change in project area eiiiployiiient 81. Average expected project fedCr.11 (I ine 68 - I ine 69) personal tax (line 76 x line 45) -it. Fffective federal port area tax rate 82. Net change in project area fedurtl (Exhibit 10.1, column 4) 0. pursonUl tax (line 78 - line 81) ,2. Purt area federal personal tax (Itne 10 x 83 Port area effect ive state ifIC0111C line 711) tax rate (Exhibit 10.1, column 5) 73. I'ffective federal state arc;,i ta@ rate 84. Port area statu pe,rsonal incollic (Exhibit 10.1, column 4) 0.1867 tax (line 10 x line 83) EXHIBIT 11.3 (Con't.) PRO-MC1, APPLICAT (TN Wist:ONSIN 11AIMOR ASSISTANC1. ITOCRAM ALTUMAT[VI: It 11CONOMic ANALYSIS WORK -SHITT VI:RSION U Page 5 85. S I atuw ide ef fcct ive state illcoulu tax 90. P(irt area personal collstitlytiol, rate f rom Exhibit 10.1, Column 5), CXI)CIld i UJI-C LILIC tu 1)1-oj cc t I fit' 95 x 9()9,15 86. Nun-port/state Personal state income tax (line 20 x line 8.r)) 97. Port area state excise 1,,x (Itic 1@, 87. State area personal state ilicome'tax project (line 90 x 0.0-11'/") Lline 94 + line 86) 98. Non-port/state disposable incomc (Line 20 - line 74 - Line 86) 88. Out-of-state income and ottier tax rate (from Exhibit 10.1, Column 5) 0.0473 99. Non-port/state personal consmilpt IMi expenditure dUC to project (linc 89. Out-of-state personal incoine and otlier 0.9094S*) tax (line 30 x line 88) 100. Non-port/stato excise tax dite t,) 90. Project area personal state inco.i.ile project '(1ine 99 x 0.()-)17*1) tax (line 8,6 + I ine 89) 101. Animal change in State CXCiSL' tj.\ 91. State area average CXJ)OCtCd I ine 97 + I i no 100) illcoille Lax ( I i ne 4 2 x I i nQ 8S) 102. Average expected disposahlu 111colli, 92. Net cliange in state area state income (line 42 - Iiiie 7/9 - line 91) tax (line 87 - line 91) 103. Average expected personal conswi.1, 93. Pruject area expected personal state tion expenditurelline 102 x income tax (line 4S x line 88) 0.9094S-) 94. Net cliange in project area state 10-1. Average expected State CXCiSU income tax (line 90 - line 93) (line 103 K 0.0217,11) 95. Port area disposable income (lin 10 10S. Net cliange in state excise tax line 72 - line 84) $ I ine 101 1 ine 10.1 *11ersonal consumption proportion of disposable ilIC001C faCtOr. "Ad)USted state sales tax and otlier taxes. PROJECT KENOSHA EXAMPLE EXHIBIT 11.4 APPLICATT-ON -0- WISCONSIN HARBOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Analysis by: ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIC !N111.\(T SUNU,1ARY VERSION N Date: A B C D E F G H STATE PROJEC7 Expected Net Expec t ej N e State State Total Change Impact Change Imoaz_ Por,t Area Non-Local (A+B) Out-of-State (C+D) 11 (C-F) E I Discounted Benefits 426,800 61,600 488,400. 61,600 50,OOC 2. Discounted Costs 1,142 0 81,142 42,942 38,200 8 3. Net Present Value 383,858 23,400 407,258 61,600 168,858 4. Benefit/Cost Ratio 9.94 1.61 6.02 N/A 6.79 L S. Annualized Net Present Value 27,798 33,95@ j 1,695 29,492 4,461 6. Annualized I@come 55,014 9,903 64,917 9,903 74,82C 13,045 61,872 13,045 51.775.; 7. Annualized Sales 317,,@2,,56 64,597 381,863 64,597 .146,46C 89,093 361,770 85,093- 36,367 8. Annualized Federal Taxes 10,293 1,849 12,142 1,849 13 '691 3,436 9,706 2,436 11,555 9. Annualized State Taxes 2,630 468 3,098 468 3,56EI 617 2,481 617 2,949 10. Annualized Excise Taxes 831 150 981 - 197 784 - - 11. Employment of Jobs) 3.48 .67 4.15 .67 4.82 .89 3.26 .89, 3.93 EXHTBIT 11.5 IIROJ EC'r KENOSHA EXAMPLE APPLICATION 0 WISCW)IN IIARBok A.'@@)[.STANCI- PROGRAM ALURNArIVE k I-CONOMIC ANALYSI@) WORK SIIIA:'T Page 1 VERSION 8-17-82 1. Port area discounted benefits (froiii It. Non-port/StdtC diSC0LIIItCLI henefit@, Exhibit 11.1, Line 1, column 3). $ 426,800 (from Exhibit 11.1, Line 2, column 3). 61,600 2. Port area discounted costs (frojii 12. Non-iwrt/statc -1@-@cuuntud costs Exhibit 11.1, line 4, column 3),.- 42,942 (from Exhibit 11.1., Line 5, column 3) 38,200 3. Port area net present value (line I t 3. Non-port/state net present valtic I ine 2) $ 383,858 (line 11 - IiIIL' 12) 23,400 4., Port area benuflt/cust I-at w B/C 1.1 Non-jjort/st;lte henel'i t/cw'l I-III I" (line l/line -1) 9.94 It/(: (line 13/line 12) 1.61 5. Annunity factor (from Exhibit 9.1, foot- 13-809 15. Annunity factor (saiiw ;t@, Illlk 13.809 note, or compute). 6. Port area annualized net present to. Non-port/state M11ILUil i- *Cd IlCt. value (lin& 3/line S) $ 27,798 present value (line 13/linu IS) 1,695 7. Port area annUalized benefits 17. Non-port/state annLIZIlized benefit-, (line I/line S) 30,907 (line Il/line IS) 4,461 8. Port area annLMIiZCd Cost (line 21 t8. Non-port/state annUalized co5t-@ I i lie s -3,104 (line 12/line IS) 2-,766 9. Port area income multiplier (froin 19. State income IIIUttiI)tieI' (fl-0111 Exhibit 10.1, column 1)@ 1.78 Exhibit 10.1, Column 1). 2.-22 10. Net change in port area incoiiie )0. Net change in non-port/state arcli (line 7 x line 9) s 55,014 inconie ((line, 17 x line 19) --9,90.3.. mwwwwl mom MMMOMMM mm EXHIBIT 11.5 (Con't.) P ROJ ECT KENOSHA EXAMPLE APPLICATION # WISCONSIN ILARBOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAM AURRNATIVE # ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WORK SHEET Page 2 VERSION 0 21. Out-of-state discounted benefits (from 31. TO t a I btatC diSCOU[ItUd IWIIL-Fit@, Exhibit 11.1, Line 3, Column 3). (line I + line 11) $488,400 22 . UuL-t)f-state discounted cosLs (@rom .'@2.' To t ; I I StatC diSCOMItUd Exhibit 11.1, line 6) (1 i ne 2 + Iine 12) $ 81,142 '3. Out-ol-state net present value 33. S 1A I C I I C t 1) I'L'S U'I I tVil IIIC I i it,,- 31 less (I i Ile 21 1 lie 22) 61,600 1 inu 32) $407,258 2.1. Out-of-state benefit/cost ratio B/C 3,1 . St at e benefit/cost ratio B/C (Iine 21@line 22) (witit if line 22=0.0) N/A (Iine 31/line 32) 6.02 5 . Annunity factor (saflie as line S) 13.809 3S. Tot a I s tate annua I i zed IIC t PI*C -; L' I I Ln Vil I Lie (line 33/line 2S) $29,492 26. Out-of-state annualized net prescrit value (lind,23/line 2S) 4,461 36. Total project discounted benefits (line 31 + Iine 21) $550,000 27. Ot.it-Uf-StatC annualized benefits., (Iine 21/line 2S) $____4,46l 37. To t; I I I)rojCCt diSCOU[ItCd COStS (line 32 + line 22) $ 81,142 28. ULIt-of-state annualized custs (line 22/line 2S) $ -0- 38. 1) roj cc t net 1) res en t va I tie ne I, less line 37) $469,858 29. Out-of-state inconie iiii-iltiplier (ExhibitlO.1, Column 1). 0 Project benefit/cost ratio B/C 22 39. (line 36/1ine 37) 6.78 30. Net change in out-of-state iiicoiiie (I i ne 27 x I i ne 29) 9, aD3-- 40. Total I)rOjCCt an(ItIaliZCLI IlUt 111-0:@Cfll Value (line 38/line 25) $ 3 3 @ 9 5 3 M =Won a=,=== am w W-W M M I'IZOLJC'l FENOSHA EXAMPLE EXHIBIT 11.5 (Con't) -F WISCONSIN 11,WBOR ASSISTANCI. ITOUW1 AXPLICiV ldR--# AUTRNATIVI: 1A:ONON11t' ANALA';IS @voj@K S111:1:'j, VI.-ASION 11 Page 3 8-17-82 41. Total Change in state incollic (line 10 + S-). OLII-Of-Stite jal(!s clialli?e lille 20) $ --.64_,91_7,-- 1 i 1w S I $ 64,597 42. Average expected change in state 53. Total state sales k@ hallj@,k.-(title 1,11 'i $ 13,045 incoine (line 37 line 25 x line 29) line SO) $381,863 .13. Net change in state income (10ic :11 5-1 Avk2t,ave uypvctud @,tatu sillk.." IH1111@1, 1 I ine 42) 51,872 1 1 tic 4 2 x i i lie I)) $ 85,093 -1-1. Total clialige ill project area income SS . Net state sales cliange ( I i nc (lille 30 + line 41) 74,820 1 i lie S4 $ 296,770 45. Average expected changu ill project 50. TOtill ])I-OjCCt Z, * $446,460 area income ((line 37 x Iiiie )9 ( I i lie 52 + I i tic ')3) line 25) 13,045 57. Average expected 1)1'0.iL'Ct ;11'Vil .16. Net changL@,, in project area income sit I es change ( I i fie 45 X I i lie I $ 85,093 (I i tie 14 - I i tie 45) 58. Net 111-OjCCt al-L-il 47. Vorl area salus/incume ratio (t -i,oiti i lie SO i tic S7 $361,367 Exhibit 10.1, column 2) 5.767 59. llort area, average annija wag(, iurt area sales cliange (I inu 10 x Exhibit 10.1, column 3) $ 15,794 lijiv 47) 317,266 00. [,()i.t area elliployment C.11.111.1..e '19. State SaIcs/income ratio (from (lille 10/lille Sill 3.48 Exhibit 10.1, column 2Y 6.523 01. StiltC ;lVCl'@lgC dill'111:11 W,11',L! Exhibit 50. Non-port/state sales C11.111ge 10.1, column 3) $,-@14,677 (line 20 x line .19) $ 64, 597 02. Non-port/state employmcia clian1l-L' 51. Out-of-state sales/incolile ratio (line 20/line ()1 .67 (from Exhibit 10.1, column 2) 6.52"' WIMMM mown M MW pjZO.j 1:(:,I, KENOSHA EXMPLE EXHIBIT 11.5 (Con't.) APPLICATION # WISCONSIN 11AIMOR ASS[STAN(1 PROGIM AL*1'1--'RNA'I'IVE 9 [AX)NOMIC: ANALY.Sl@) WORK siwt-r Page 4 VLRSION H 03. Total state employ-tijent change (line 60 74. Non-port/state Vederal pcrsoital I.i, t i lie 62) 4.15 (link- 20 x llne 7."i) $ 1,849 0-1. 0111-ul*-stjtc average illintial Wage (froill 75. St:lt(./l'eder;jl pci-sonal 1."x (line 72 + Exhibit 10.1, column 3) 14,677 1 i ne 711 1 $ 12,142 05. Ollt-ol'-staLe ciiiployment chang& (line 30/ 76.1 Lff'ective fedural itarion wide, t;jx I i lie OS) .-67. rate (Exhibit 10.1, Column 4). 0.1867 6o. Average expected state employinent change 77. Otlt-Of-StiltC fCdOrai persolwl tilx (line :12/line 6t) 89 (1 Line 30 x L i lie 70) $ 1,849 67. Not change in state emp loyment ( t ine 03 3.26 78. Project area Cederal personal ta\ $ 13,991 line 66) (line 75 + line 77) b8. Total project area employment (line 63 + 7/9. Average expectcd state fecleral $ line 6S) 4.82 personal tax (line 42 K title 'Vi) 2,436 69. Average expected projecL area wlmployment .89 80. Net chan),,c in statc, fcderil $ 9,706 change (line -IS/Iine 01) tax (I i lie 7S - I i lie 79) 70. Net change in project area employment 3.23 81. Average expected project fedei%il $ 2 ( I ine 08 - I i lie 69) pei'sonaL tiix (I line 70 ,,, [Mv 45) 436 71. FIFfective fedut-al port area tLix rate 82. Net cliange ill l)i'OjecL are@i fcdui- i I $ (Exhibit 10.1, column 4.) 0.1871 personal tax (I ine 78 - I iiie 81 11,555 7 Purt area fedural. personal ta.@, (line to x S 1'01't dl'C;l effect iVC *.It;ItV il)COIJIL' 0.0478 line 71) 10, 293 tax rate (-Exhibit 10.1, Column 5) 73. liffective federal state area tax rate 8-1. l'Ol-t ilrUa St@ItO I)CI'501411 inC011W 2,630 (from Exhibit 10.1, column 4) 0 - 18 67 tax (line lox title 8.i) EXHIBIT 11.5 (Con't....) KENOSHA EXAMPLE v,,;1:1iAN('l ITUC.RAM API'LICAT Page 5 AL.'rLRNATIVI: 11 I.COW11t: ANAIA')'IS WORK SINT.]' 8-17-82 URSION Sr. St@ltc%q'de effe"'tiVC ttjtU LlIC0111C tax 1)()I,t area personal Conimillptioll l'at e ( from Exhibit 10, 1m Colurin 5) o. 0473 cXJ)Clkdit-U1-e L111C to project line 95 X $ 38,280 So. INUII-purt/statc personal state income t ax ( I I lie 20 x I i jic h5 468 )7. 11ort area stato excise lax d(w I,- project (line 90 x ().()21"11A) $ 831 87. State area personal state income tax (line 84 + line 86) $--3,098 98. Non-port/state disposakle 1111C0111t., (line 20 - line 74 - Line 86) $ 7,586 88. Wt-Of-StatC 111C0111C MILl OtIlUl' tax rate (1'rom Exhibit 10.1, Colum 5). 0.0473 10. Non-port/state personal Collsillillil ioll eXJ)Cn(1itUl-C LILIC to project (lint-98 X 89. Out-of-state personal income and other 0.9094S-) $ 6,899 tax (line 30 x line 88) $ 468 00 100. Non-port/state excise tax (111C to 90. 1'ruject area personal -State income project '(line. 99 x 0.()-)17**) 8 ISO tax (line 80 + line 89) $_ 3,566 101. An[Rial change i.11 St@ItC CXCi,L! t:1-\ 91. State area average expected state (line 97 + line 100) 981 income tax (line 42 x line 8S) $ 617 102. Average expected disposal)lu '111COM. 92. Net change ill state area state income (line 42 - I ine 79 - I iiie 191 9,992 tax (line 87 - line 91) $ 2,481 101. Average expected personal consimip 93. 1)ruject area expected personal state tion expenditure ( I inu 102 x income tax (line IS x I ine 88) 617 0.9094S*) $ 9,087 94. Net change in project area state 104 Average expected state excise t-.1;' 197 income tax (line 90 - I ine 93) 2,949 (line 103 x 0.0,17") $ 9S. 1)ort area disposable income (title 10 42,091 10S. Net change hi state excise tax line 7") - line 84) $ (line 101 linu 101) 784 *11ersonal consumption proportion of disposal)le i I IC0111C I'a C t o 1'. "Adjusted state sales tax and other taxes. EXHIBIT 11.6 Exemplary Harbor Assistance Evaluation: Kenosha The City of Kenosha requested $38,400 as the state share of an estimate $48,000 project to repair the north dock in the City. Remaining cost will be provided by the City of Kenosha. This is one of two docks in the City. The dock wall is in an advanced state of deterioration and without repair will be.unusable in the near future. Step Project Life and Cost Estimated project life with associated operations and maintenance costs of 5 percent yearly is 50 years. O&M costs will be incurred by local interests. The present value of this cost stream is $81,142. Based on a state share of $38,400 for initial construction, costs are allocated 47.3 percent to the state and 52.7 percent locally, with zero non-state costs. Steps 2, 3, and 4 - Projected Tonnage The project in question, as it concerns the repair of the north dock wall, is clearly a dock specific project. The port, in total handles an average of slightly over 88,000 tons a year. Most of this is shipment of frozen food products. There is no detail available to discern the share of tonnage crossing the dock in question. However, as all tonnage through the Port of Kenosha crosses either the north or south dock at the mouth of Pike Creek, and as these docks are basically similar, it is reasonable to assume that one-half of the port's tonnage normally crosses the north dock (the dock needing repairs). This allocation is used as the project tonnage for the dock in question. Based on annual growth rates for food and kindred products, annual growth of this tonnage will be 2.9 percent until 1990 and 1.6.percent thereafter. Projected tonnage for selected years is �hown below. A check of port and dock capacity indicates these traffic levels can be processed throughout the project life. 79 EXHIBIT 11.6 (Con@t.) Projected @lonnage - Selected Years Port Project Year Tonnage Tonnage 1985 97,704 48,852 1990 110,574 55,287 1995 120,409 60.205 2000 131,130 65,565 2035 248,780 124,390 Steps 5 - 9 - Pro ject Benefits The only cost affected by this project in a significant manner results from the need to transport cargoes to the alternative dock from the storage site. This would be done by truck, using standard 20 ton vehicles. Current tonnage levels are such that the dock operators, Morelli Overseas Export Service, Inc., could operate one truck full-time. Per Appendix C, a reasonable estimate for the cost of the within port movement in question is $.65 per ton, which would correspond to a truck haul of about 10 miles or about one hour for the movement between the docks. The present value of the discounted benefits is $550,000, and the project has no salvage value. Based on the project costs cited earlier, the benefit-cost ratio of this project is 7.73, with net annual benefits of $34,677. The economic efficiencies of this project are summarized in Exhibit 11-4. Steps 10 and 11 - Project Impacts Project impacts are estimated to be significantly positive. Due to the large net benefits, net impacts are significantly positive. Generally, net impacts are about 80 percent of the total expected impacts, indicating rather large impacts stemming from the project. Project impacts are summarized in Exhibit 11.4 and the parameters used for these estimates are-shown below. Additional Impact Variables Project Site: Kenosha Project Type: Dockwall Repair Application Number: N/A Alternative Number: N/A Version Number: N/A 80 EXHIBIT 11.6 (Con't.) Non-Local Non- Local I State State Benefit-Income Multiplier 1.78 2.22 2.22 Sales-Income Multiplier 5,767 6,523 6,523 Annual Wages per Worker $15,794 $14,677 $14,677 Federal Personal Income Tax Rate .1355 .1355 .1355 Federal Social Insurance Tax Rate .0516 .0512 ..0512 State Personal Income 'Lax Rate .0478 .0473 .0473 State Excise Tax .0217 .0217 81 APPENDIX A - PROJECT LIFE AND COST APPENDIX A PROJECT LIFE AND COST A-1 Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to set forth the rationale, data and methods underlying the determination of project life and the development of complete project costs. In general, four types of costs should be considered, land-side development, shore/bank development, waterway/channel development and operations and maintenance costs. Due to the nature of the application process, shore/bank development or waterway/channel development are the normal project costs included in the application, as a result of the detailed cost proposal that forms the basis of the application. A.2 Project Life In general, the project life is limited to 50 years. There is no minimum project life; however, if the project life is less than 25 years, the analysis must be completed for a minimum of 25 years, except as noted below. There are two primary reasons for using a maximum 50 year project life. The discounting process is of prime importance. The present value of money 50 years in the future is worth only a small faction of its current value. For example, consider two simple projects, one lasting exactly 50 years and one which lasts forever,.both requiring an expenditure of $1 per year. Using a 7 percent discount rate, the expenditure stream for the first project is equivalent to a current expenditure of about $13.80, while the expenditure stream for the other is equivalent to a current one time expenditure of about $14.29. Thus, the'present value of all expenditures after the 50th year is only about 3.4 percent of the total possible present va 'lue of spending $1 per year forever. -The--Iiet effect is that the vast majority of costs (and benefits) that might be associated with a project will be accounted for in the first 50 years of the project life, no matter how long the project might actually last. The second reason is the different manner in which benefits and costs accrue to a project. In general, most of the project costs will be incurred before any benefits are realized from the project. Thus, a fairly accurate cost estimate will generally only need to consider economic parameters over a very short time horizon. However, the benefits of the project will generally be growing over time, but with increasing uncertainty about the likelihood that they will actually be realized. The use of a 50 year maximum project life decreases at least the extreme uncertainty of events far into the future. 82 Two exceptions to this general procedure are possible, and will be applicable to only a very small portion of possible projects. The first exception is to the 50 year maximum project life. The best example of this exception is the evaluation of federal flood control projects, where the life of the project is matched against the event the project is designed to prevent, e.g., the 100 year flood in most cases. The use of this longer project life is a result of the fact that this event has a probability of occurring in any year of the project life and not simply the last year. Generally, this length of project life is associated with the prevention of some catastrophic event that is not related to navigation functions. The other exception is to the minimum evaluation period. If the project life were actually less than 25 years and was not expected to be maintained after its initial construction, then a shorter evaluation period would be acceptable. An example of this would be emergency repairs to a dock that is being phased out of service, but whose current replacement is not yet in service. Examples of either of these two exceptions occur rather infrequently and stem from extenuating circumstances surrounding the project. In either case, the burden of proof is on the applicant to show that the project is an exception to the general rule of using an evaluation period between 25 and 50 years. Or alternatively, any "typical" navigation or harbor project should be evaluated over a period ranging from 25 to 50 years, with "typical" projects represented by such things as dredging, dockwall or pier construction or on-land facility construction. As noted, exceptions to the general rule are expected to be few, if not actually non-existent. A-3 Project Costs - Operations and Maintenance The two costs most likely to be missing from the application are annual operations and maintenance costs and the land-side site development necessary to provide a complete and functional transportation facility. The general procedure for estimation of annual operations and maintenance costs 4*-s that these costs, on average, are some percentage of initial construction costs, usually 5 percent for the typical project. Due to the wide range of possible projects, two other estimates of operations and maintenance costs may be applicable. For high maintenance projects, these costs are estimated at 7.5 percent. High maintenance projects are those that require such things as extra cleanliness or highly complex facility equipment that are not associated with the typical waterway/port facility. The other extreme is the case where the facility is not operated independently of the production process, so that operations are zero. In this instance, operations and maintenance costs are. estimated at 2.5 percent of initial construction costs. The best example of this type of facility is a vessel repair-dock, where the dock is operated as part of the productive process * In a sense, these..are somewhat special cases where the "commodity" 83 originates and terminates at the same facility, rather than being transshipped through a facility. As noted, the general rule is that operations and maintenance costs should be estimated as 5 percent of the initial construction cost, except in the cases where relatively high maintenance costs are expected or the facility operations costs are so closely related to the productive process that operations costs are internalized in the productive process. A-4 Project Costs - Development The determination of appropriate site development costs sometimes can be a difficult procedure. The main reason for this is that one must first determine whether benefits can be computed independently for any portion of a project. A project which included both dredging and dockwall development might exhibit benefits for both, independently of the construction of the other. However, it is likely that benefits for the two components are closely tied together, e.g., a 27 foot channel serving no docks has a very limited potential for benefits. For improvement or expansion of existing harbor facilities, it is usually the case that site development or land-side development costs will be zero. That is, in these instances it is normally the case that the harbor infrastructure will be sufficiently developed so that site development costs will have been incurred at some point in the past. The inclusion of site development costs will normally be associated with what might be referred to as development types of projects. These would be new projects or replacement projects . located in an area where the existing port/harbor infrastructure has not been developed to provide for immediate access to the waterway. As noted above, the real test for including these costs is whether or not project benefits can be realized without incurring site development costs. Rather clearly, for new projects or replacement projects located at new sites tile answer is no and site development costs must be--'included in the cost estimates to allow@-for a proper comparis'On with project benefits. A-4.1 Project Costs - Facilities Basic data for computing site or facility development costs is taken from the Mid-America Port Study, Chapter 17 and then updated to 1982 price levels. Table A-1 presents estimated costs for the development of conceptual terminals by facility type and size in 1978 dollars. These costs are developed based on engineering relationships that relate terminal handling and storage capacity to the inputs needed to process this capacity tonnage. It is important to note that these are generic costs for a "typical" terminal and can vary substantially between ports due to differing requirements. However they are relatively good order of magnitude estimates and ca'n be used where 84 port/harbor specific data is unavailable. Table A.2 shows the design handling rates for each facility and the classification scheme for designating a facility as large or small. It is generally expected that the applicant will have access to better cost estimates for terminal development from prospective users of the project, and costs from Table A.1 should be used only where more site specific costs are unavailable. These costs should be increased by 31.5 percent to reflect cost increases from 1978 to 1982 per the Engineering News Record Cost Index. A-4.2 Project Costs - Site Development The more likely costs to be omitted are those associated with general site development, rather than those for specific facilities. That is, firms generally do rather detailed studies before making any type of commitments to expend the amounts' of money shown in Table A.1. In Table A-3, unit costs are presented for general preparation of a site adjacent to the waterway that would require site development before the facility can actually be placed in operation. Table A.4 presents a tabular format for computing site development costs that should be added to those project costs shown in the application. To the extent possible, the quantities needed to complete Table A.4 should be based on the actual terminal development. However, it is expected that in many cases, the specific quantities will not always be readily apparent, for example the amount of fencing or roads that will actually be placed at the site. The following estimates can be used where other information is unavailable: (i) Acres - Table A.1 for corresponding facility type (ii) Feet of fencing or roads - 100 linear feet per acre (iii) Buildings - 300 square feet per acre The estimates for fencing and roads is based on the approximate L length of the sides of a square acre, about 200 feet. Since the roads or fencing will not apply to each Acre of the site, one-half of this di'stance has been used,..ri.e., only about one-half of the acreage will actually have fencing and roads on it. The estimate for buildings is based on the need for small office shop area on a one acre site. While the increase.in building size for increasing acreage may not be proportional, this also does not represent much office or shop space, even for a relatively large terminal. 85 TABLE A.1 Estimated Costs and Land Requirements of Conceptual Terminals (1978 Dollars) Facility Type @4 0 @4 0 Annual Instantaneous Aprcn Storage Q) ri Throughput Storage Total Upgrading Upgrading New Facili,:,,.- rzj0 Capacityl Area Cost2 Cost2 Cost2,3 -1 0 U) (000 st) (000 st) (Acres) ($ mil) ($ mil) ($ mil) Grain S L 598 34 4.8 1.6 12.7 14.6 S U 281 23 4.1 1.8 8.4 10.4 00 M L L 1,709 98 6.9 3.8 35.8 40.1 L U 2,345 58 6.9 4.5 21.3 26.2 Ores L 12,814 995 39.5 4.2 6.1 15.5 U 6,332 1,145 32.1 6.5 3.6 14.7 A " Coal S L 712 16 11.3 1.1 2.1 4.1 S U 469 131 12.4 1.3 1.8 4.2 L L 7,119 161 36.5 3.1 6.0 12.8 L U 4,690 1,311 76.7 4.4 8.0 16.4 Crude S L 339 23 6.1 1.0 3.2 4.2 Petroleum S U 339 82 16.9 0.9 9.3 10.2 L L 678 47 11.4 1.0 6.3 7.3 L U 678 165 33.7 0.9 19.0 19.) Petroleum S L 339 23 7.5 1.0 5.0 6.0 Products S U 339 82 18.7 0.9 16.2 17.1 L L 678 47 12.0 1.0 10.1 11. 1 L U 678 165 34.7 0.9 32.5 33.4 MMMIM W MMM M M TABLE A.1 (Continued) Facility Type @4 0 @4 0 Annual Instantaneous Apron Storage (Z Throughput Storage Total Upgrading Upgrading New Facility '@j0 @4 t 1H CB Capacityl Area Cost2 Cost2 Cost213 (0 0 r@ U) @4 @4 (000 st) (000 st) (Acres) ($ mil) ($ mil) mil) industrial S L 570 19 7.5 1.0 5.0 6.0 Chemicals S U 570 138 18.7 0.9 16.2 17.1 L L 1,139 79 12.0 1.0 10.1 11.1 L U 1,139 277 34.7 0.9 32.5 33.4 Fertilizer L 5,126 398 41@5 2.1 38.6 4B.5 U 2,111 765 31.8 4.0 32.2 42.2 Break- 53 4 3.0 1.7 1.3 3.2 Bulk Lumber & Wood 212 1'7 4.7 1.@ 2.5 4.5 OD Products Sugar & 4) L 152 - 3.2 0.9 1.3 2,1 Molasses U 383 - 3.7 0.9 1.1 2.9 Primary Metal 159 12 3.0 1.7 1.3 3.1 Products Scrap Metals 127 10 1.0 1.7 0.4 2.1 Construc- tion L 1,538 119 5.0 0.3 0.6 1-.0 Materials U 844 153 5.5 0.3 0.6 1.0 1 Amount which can be stored at any instant, i.e., capacity with no turnover of storage facilities. 2. 1978 dollars 3. Total cost does not lAnclude financial or real estate costs 4. Costs and land requirements for sugar and mollasses represent separate conceptual terminals for each commodity. Source. Mid-Aaerican Ports Study, p. 246 ......... . ... . .... TABLE A.2 Conceptual Terminal Commodity Handling Rates Design Handling Rate H (stph) Load Unload Grain Small 700 400 Large 2000 2000 Ores Bauxite 5000 3000 Coal - Small 500 4000 Large 5000 4000 Crude Petroleum and - Small 125 125 Petroleum Productsl.) Large 250 250 Industrial Chemicalsl)- Small 210 210 Large 420 420 Fertilizer 2000 1000 Break-Bulk 25 25 Lumber Wood Products 100 100 Sugar - 400 Molasses 562) 562) Metal Products 75 75,w Scrap Metal 60 60 Non-Metallic Minerals 600 400 1) Handling rates correspond to 600 gpm (small) and 1200 gpm (large). 2) Assuming a density of 52 pcf at which 1 bbl 0.14 st Source: Mid-America Port Study, P. 238 gpm @ gallons per minute stph = short tons per hour pcf = pounds per cubic foot bbl = barrels 88 TABLE A.3 Unit Costs for Conceptual Terminal Storage Areas 1978 1982 Item Unit Cost Unit Cost General Site Preparation 1 $40,000/acre 52,600/acre Lighting 10,000/acre 13,150/acre Fencing 10/LF 13/LF Roads2 60/LF 79/LF Paving 80,000/acre 105,200/acre Railroads3 125/LF 164/LF@ Buildings 25/SF 33/SF Utilities, engineering, miscellaneous costs and contingency 25% of total 25% of total I Includes clearing, grading, drainage, fill, compaction. 2 24 ft. wide, 3 inch bituminous pavement. 3 Single track. Includes ballast, ties and rail. Source: Mid-America Port Study, p. 241 LF = linear feet SF = square feet 89 TABLE A.4 Computation of Terminal/Site Development Costs 1. 1. Terminal Costs (Table A.1, if applicable)') 2@ Times .315 to adjust to 1982 price level 3. Terminal Costs from application 4. Total Terminal Costs (1+2+3) II. Site Development Costs2) 1982 Quantity Unit Cost Total 1. General Site Preparation $ 52,600/acre 2, Lighting 13,150/acre 3. Fencing 13/LF 4. Roads 79/LF 5. Paving 105,200/acre 6. Railroads 164/LF 7. Buildings 33/SF 8. subtotal 9. Utilities, engineering, contingency 25% of total 10. Total sige development cost (8 + 9) III. Total Development Cost (1.4 + II.10) Only those costs not included in 1.3. 2) Compute only if 1.4 is zero, and site development costs are not included in application LF = linear feet SF @ square f eet 90 APPENDIX B - FACILITY CAPACITY APPENDIX B FACILITY CAPACITY B-1 Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to set forth the methods and data underlying the development of facility capacities. The use of the computations is to insure that port/harbor facilities are sufficient to process the tonnage/vessels projected for the port, harbor or the project. While a variety of possible capacity measures could be considered, this appendix is limited to the three most likely types of port/harborconstraints, number of berths, equipment to process tonnage over a dock and storage area for commodities. The determination of facility capacity can be a rather complex process involving rather complicated modeling of facility processes. While this modeling process might be more analytically satisfying, it is also expensive, time-consuming and a far more precise determination of capacity than is needed. For present purposes, a simple and intuitively clear method for determining capacity will suffice. B.2 Berth Capacity Based on the number of vessel berths or the ability to move tonnage over a dock, facility capacity can be determined as the number of hours the facility is in operation annually times the amount of services provided hourly times the number of pieces,of equipment providing the service. For example, a facility with conveyors with a loading rate of 400 tons per hour, open 24 hours per day, would have an annual technical capacity of 7,008,000 (2 x 400 tons x 24 hours x 365 days) tons. A similar capacity figure could be computed for vessels serviced per year based on the number of berths, service time per v,--ssel and annual operating hours. Use of this simple concept will, in most cases, substantially overstate capacity, necessitating that empirical adjustments be made. A variety of reasons could be cited. For example, the computations do not allow for any downtime, i.e., maintenance at the facility, account for the nine month shipping season for ports in Wisconsin or account for the.need to limit vessel delay, hence to redue voluntarily berth occupancy. Most of these operational constraints can be easily accounted for, without complicating the basic computation of capacity. 91 Determining capacity limits based on the number of vessels that can be serviced requires that three major operational constraints be accounted: (i) the length of the shipping season, (ii) maxi- mum facility utilization to limit vessel delay, and (iii) maintenance and other downtime at the facility. The following formula will adequately account for these considerations: where, Berth Capacity = HRS x DYS x n x p x u HRS = operating hours per day DYS = operating days per year n = number of berths @i =service rate per hour u = maximum facility utilization The first two terms, HRS and DYS, yield the number of hours a facility operates annually. Generally, these should be 24 hours and 270 days, although where better (regional) estimates are available for the number of operating days,, they should be used. A 24 hour operating day should be used unless a physical, economic or institutional reason will not allow a facility to operate around the clock. That is, the computed capacity should reflect what can be accomplished in a 24 hour day and not existing hours of operations. Multiplying by the number of berths, n, yields the number of berth-hours available per year. The service rate per hour,ii, represents the rate at which vessels utilize the berths. For example, if a vessel normally used a berth for 10 hours, then p = .1, i.e., 1/number of hours to service vessel. In general, information on service time can be gathered from dock or vessel operators, or, if necessary, estimated from the handling capacity of loading and unloading equipment at the facility. Practical service rate is an the order of 70 percent of rated service rate. The maximum facility utilization, u, rep@esents the berth occupancy ratio' above which vessel delays become excessive. For a given maximum ratio of vessel waiting time to service time, and for a given number of berths, maximum facility utilization can be obtained by consulting Tables C.12 and C.13. Generally, a waiting to service time ratio of .25 is used, which would result in the following values of u: n=1 2 3 4 5 -6 7 n=S break bulk .25 .50 .6o .70 .75 .78 .80 .82 specialized berth .40 .6o .70 .75 .80 .83 .85 .87 92 B-3 Equipment Capacity A similar type of computation can be used to compute the potential annual tonnage that can be processed over a dock. The earlier formula would be modified to the following: "Lon Capacity = HRS x DYS x EQ x HRH x u where, EQ = number of pieces of handling equipment HRH = rated handling capacity per hour of equip- ment, and all other variables are as before. Each variable corresponds to similar variables in the earlier formula. HRS x DYS yields the annual hours of operation. When multiplied by EQ, this yields the available equipment hours per year. This is then multiplied by the rated handling rate in tons per hour and then adjusted downward to reflect a utilization of less than 100 percent. Generally, the information required to compute this formula is available from dock operators. B-4 Storage Area Capacity For determining capacity constraints resulting from storage limitations, the following formula can be used for GENERAL CARGO. THR -_ TSA * DYS PROP NAPT * DWTM * CSU where, THR = throughput (tons) TSA = total storage area (ft.,xft.) for THR throughput NAPT = average net area required to store 1 ton (ft.xft./ton) = 1/(car o density of 100 cu.ft./ton) (stacking height@ = 10 ft.xft. per ton of general cargo DWTM = dwell time (days). Depends on free time or length of time the cargo can be left in storage without incurring charges. Typically, a dwell time of seven days can be used for planning purposes. 93 CSU cargo storage utilization or proportion of cargo using storage. This proportion is assumed to be 90 percent, typical of the ratio observed at efficient ports. Again, this ratio would probably fluctuate depending upon trade routes, type of cargo, frequency of ship calling, etc. PROP proportion of storage area actually used (.200). The actual values taken by the variables listed above must be used if obtainable from the terminal operator. DYS shipping season The same equation is used for general cargo and DRY BULK cargo storage. The values of parameters are, however, different. The average net area (NAPT) required to store one ton of dry bulk cargo is calculated assuming a cargo density of .025 ton/ft.3, a height of 30 feet for stacks and a 45 degree angle of repose, leading to a NAPT of 1.4 ft.xft./ton. C> Other parameter values for dry bulk cargo used for general planning purposes at Wisconsin ports are a dwell time (DWILM) of 20 days, a cargo storage utilization (CSU) of 100 percent (all cargo goes to storage), and a proportion (PROP) of net area used to total area of .30. Hence: THR = 3.85 TSA. Storage requirements for CONTAINERIZED CARGO depends upon the storage method used. Two methods are typically used, the chassis method and the yard-stacking method. In the chassis operation, containers are stored and moved through the yard on wheeled trailer chassis suitable for transporting the container via highways. In the yard-stacking option, containers are stacked in the yard without individual trailer chassis. Usually, containers are stacked two or three high. In the chassis method, 50 40-foot or seventy-five 20-foot containers per alcre can be stored. For the yard-stacking Method, ninety 40-foot..Ior one hundred thirty-five 20-'foot containers per acre can be accommodated. The equation used to calculate containerized throughput for a given storage area is as follows: THR TSA x NCPA x DYS ((43,500) * DWTM * CSU) where, TSA = total storage area (ft.xft.) for THR throughput expressed in TEU's (Twenty foot Equivalent Units) NCPA = average number of containers per acre. There are about 43,500 ft.xft. in an acre. As stated above, NCPA depends upon container size. 94 DWTM dwell time. Dwell time varies depending upon free time, trade routes and lines, and whether or not the containers are inbound or outbound, loaded or empty. Typical dwell time observed is eight days for loaded inbound containers, five days for outbound loaded containers and 12 to 15 days for empty containers. Overall, an average of eight days can be used for analytical purposes. CSU carago storage uitlization. Can be taken as.100 percent unless otherwise observed at the terminal. DYS annual days of operation. For liquid types of commodities, storage requirements can generally be ignored. This is due to the fact that most liquid bulk facilities are constructed for relatively easy capacity expansion due to the ability to increase pumping capacity. More than berthing space or pumping capacity, storage limitations should be viewed as a major constraint. The formulas presented are for specific facilities. To obtain port capacity, one could then sum over all types of facilities. However, three problems are present for which must be accounted. First, the formulas treat each facility as if it is totally independent of other facilities in the port. This is not likely to be true where certain types of facilities are grouped together, for example, if all general cargo facilities are adjacent to each other. In this event those docks could conceivably be considered interchangeable, hence maximum facility utilization would be increased. Second, all handling equipment at a facility may not have the same handling capacity. In this event, an average handling rate for equipment can be used, or the equation can be disaggregated to compute throughput for each type of equipment and then summed to obtain d ock capacity. Third, and the.most-serious problem, is @hat each type of constraint can be expressed in tons, but there is no guarantee that each constraint will yield the same maximum tonnage. Thus, each constraint must be checked to ascertain which of the three constraints is actually binding. Regarding the assess ment of storage need, surge conditions must not be ignored. This is the case for a facility receiving only occasional shipments, in which case, 'storage should be designed to receive one, two or three of those loads, depending upon shipping patterns. 95 I I I I I I I I I APPENDIX C - COMPUTATION OF UNIT SAVINGS I I I a I I I I I .I I APPENDIX C COMPUTATION OF UNIT SAVINGS C.1 Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to provide the necessary detail for estimating the basic parameters used in the estimation of benefits. This appendix sets forth the sources and methods used to obtain parameter estimates that are applicable for general types of port and harbor projects. Due to the wide variety of possible projects, numerous methods are detailed in this appendix for use in estimating benefits. B.2 Special Studies The simplest method of determining savings is the use of special studies. For example, one of the 1983 applications was for assistance in the construction of grain facilities at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Port of Milwaukee elevator has been the subject of several detailed studies and these were used as a basis for the estimation of benefits. According to a Battelle Columbus Laboratories' study entitled "The Economic and Financial Feasibility of Constructing and Operating a Grain Export Elevator at the Port of Milwaukee," July 1981, the differential bid price between Chicago and Milwaukee elevators was 24 cents per bushel, and 10 cents per bushel between Illinois River terminals and Milwaukee. It was deemed unlikely that Milwaukee could directly compete with Chicago due to its locational advantage for Illinois and Indiana grain. However, it is virtually certain that they could effectively compete for a substantial portion of tonnage presently being shipped via the Illinois Waterway that originates north of the Illinois Waterway. The benefit per bushel was computed as one-half the bid price diffenential, or 5 cents per bushel, due to the fact that the Milwauko-, elevator will compete at the margin with Illinois Waterway terminals. That is, some of the grain that would switch to the Milwaukee elevator could save 10 cents per bushel, while the last grain that would be attracted to the Milwaukee elevator would have almost no savings by using the new elevator. Assuming uniform grain production patterns and that grain will flow to the elevator offering the profit maximizing bid price given the production area of the grain, the average savings for each unit attracted to a new elevator will be one-half the average bid price differential. In this case, it is not necessary to compute the with and without project prices and then the differential, because the price differential is already known. In general, project specific special studies are likely to be available for only the larger types of development projects. When they are available, the information they contain should be used to the largest possible extent. Where project specific 96 special studies are not available, it is frequently the case that general studies are available that will contain useful information in the estimation of benefits. For example, The Great Lakes Cooperative Port Planning Study and 7-he Upper Mississippi River Basin Study both contain a wide range of information which is useful in the evaluation of harbor assistance projects. -Probably the most difficult problem that one might face in estimating benefits is the case where line-haul rates must be estimated. A host of possible methods for determining rates are available, all of which have some type of shortcoming. Of the two, the estimation of water rates is the easiest. Estimation of water rates includes both deep draft and shallow draft rates, which will be discussed in that order. C-3 Cost Effects - Deep Draft Vessels The major need for estimating deep draft vessel rates arises from channel deepening project, or maintenance dredging. Although it is possible to directly estimate expected vessel costs at various channel depths, a simpler method for estimating the savings resulting from increased channel depth is presented here and recommended for use in estimating benefits. The annual vessel transportation savings per ton resulting from an increase in channel depth, or conversely, the total annual vessel transportation cost losses per ton resulting from a decrease in depth due to reduced maintenance can be expressed as follows: )*T) - 145CW/0 145C S + f1 * TM (Vb + V1 + (Ef 2,1 * DTi (e e W) where, S Total annual vessel transport cost savings (1981 dollars). Use changes in the Engineering News Record Cost Indices to update for any new year. f1 Portion of total ton-mileage affected by a change in dredged depth (% divided by 100). TM Total ton-mileage corresponding to the terminal or dock in question (ton-miles). Vb Vessel speed in ballast (mph). V1 Vessel speed loaded (mph). 97 f2 = Portion of total affected ton-mileage using the Soo Locks, the Welland Canal and the St. Lawrence Seaway (% divided by 100). DT i = Delay time due to lockages and reduced speed in channels (hours) at Soo Locks, Welland Canal and St. Lawrence Seaway. L = Average haul distance weighted by tons (miles). CW = Depth with dredging project, new or maintenance Cw/o = Depth without dredging project (ft.). Unit savings are thus S/T, i.e, savings per ton. C-3.1 Simplified Formula - Deep Draft Vessels Before discussing the method and data underlying the generation of this formula, it is instructive to discuss exactly what it is that the formula is attempting to estimate, and how each of the terms in the formula relates to the estimation of vessel savings. The following discussion is meant to clarify the rationale behind the formula. A very detailed analysis of the efficiencies of increased channel depth would proceed as follows: A statistical analysis of actual draft versus maximum draft for vessels utilizing a port or harbor would be undertaken and then compared with the distribution of the Great Lakes fleet of v essels. If the channel depth at a port or harbor were say 21 feet, then the probability of a vessel having an actual draft over 21 feet is zero, while the probability of a vessel using the port having a maximum possible draft of over 21 feet is determined by the distribution of vessel size for the Great Lakes fleet. For example, a fleet of two vessels having maximum drafts of 15 feet and 27 feet would ?ield a probability of 50 percent that'a ve@Tsel using the port could load to a depth greater than 21 feet if additional depth were provided, although no vessel could actually have a draft greater than 21 feet. If the channel depth were increased to 27 feet then both vessels could potentially load to their maximum depth. Thus the probability that a vessel utilizing the port cannot load to its maximum depth decreases from 50 percent to zero. The cost efficiencies could then be computed as the savings o 'f,loading the larger vessel to its maximum draft, rather than 21 feet, times the "adjusted" probability that cargo will be shipped on the larger vessel. (The "adjusted" probability is to account for the fact that larger vessels carry more cargo. In the above example, if the two vessels were transporting cargo along the same routes, each vessel would not carry 50 percent of the cargo. The correct distribution would reflect the weighted average of each vessels' capacity.) 98 EXAMPLE In this simple example, direct computation of the cost efficiencies would present no problems. However, real world examples would involve hundreds of vessels with different routes and destinations. Direct computation of efficiencies in this case is difficult and very time-consuming. To simplify this task, the method developed for the estimation of efficiencies incorporates the above considerations into the above formula. The basic formula is rather simple, however, accounting for delays and reduced speeds at the Soo Locks and Welland Channel complicates the formula somewhat. If we ignore the effects of the Soo Locks, the formula can be stated as follows: Savings per year = (Ton-Miles times savings per ton-mile per hour) times hours. Using the above notation, this formula is: S = TM * (e_'145Cw/q -e-'145C W). * (Vb + V-1 Ignoring the exponential terms for the moment, the first and last term of this equation could be combined and yield ton-miles times hour for the entire vessel trip. When multiplied by the exponential terms, the hours, miles and tons will offset each other yielding a dollar figure. In terms-o T4 @@e simple weple cited above, the exponential terms, e ' /oand e-* w, represent.the savings or losses incurred by changing the existing channel depth (C w/o ) to the new channel depth (C w ), measured in dollars per ton-mile per hour. The difference between the exponential terms is an estimate of the change in transport costs due to the use of vessels loaded to greater depths, where Vessel depths are infinitely vari:able-;- Thus, the efficiendies of increasing channel depth from 21 feet to 27 feet can be simply computed using this formula rather than computing the savings individually for vessels having maximum drafts of 22 feet, 23 feet and so on up to 27 feet, and then adding them up to obtain total efficiencies. The exponential terms represent an estimate of the unit savings resulting from summing small changes of increased depth, rather than looking at one foot changes in depth and then summing. The rationale behind the formula can be illustrated with a simple example. Suppose that channel depth is increased from 21 feet to 27 feet and that the difference in vessel cost per unit of time were $1.00 between 21 foot and 27 foot draft vessels. Using $1.00 as a measure of savings might be a good first approximation, but this $1.00 would not 'reflect the savings of 24 foot draft vessels that could now use the port. If one disaggregates the process to compute savings for 24 foot and 27 99 foot draft vessels, then the question is immediately raised of looking at 22, 23, 25 and 26 foot draft vessels. If one disaggregates further, then why not undertake the analysis in terms of half feet or inches and get very detailed in the analysis. Rather obviously, no matter how small the change is that is examined, there is always a smaller change that could be substituted. The exponential function represents an analysis where infintessimal changes in vessel size are examined and then summed to obtain cost efficiencies. The idea is shown in Figures A.1a, A.1b and A.1c. In Figure A-1a, our estimated savings are the $1.00 per ton for an hypothesized 1,000,000 tons of cargo. In Figure A-1b, our esimated savings (shaded area) are based on a disaggregation of vessel size, where 24 foot vessels would save 50 cents and 27 foot vessels would save $1.00. The difference between the two figures and the estimated savings results from the fact that not all vessels will realize the $1.00 savings. In this example, half would save $1.00 and the other half 50 cents per ton. Thus the estimated savings drop from $1,000,000 to $750,000 (500,000 tons times $1.00 plus 500,000 times 50 cents). In Figure A.1c, the analysis is undertaken in one foot increments, with savings of 16 2/3 cents per ton per foot of increased draft and with each vessel type carrying 1/6th of the tonnage. In this case, savings would be estimated at $583,333. As the analysis is disaggregated more, the computed savings will continue to drop towards $500,000 (as this example is set up). The exponential function used in the estimate of savings resulting from increased channel depth is an estimate of what Figure A-1c would look like if vessel depth could be continuously changed (based on actual vessel costs). That is it would represent the integral of a regression equation of the points x and o in Figure A.1c. C-3.2 Deep Draft Vessel Cost Parameters Returning to the formula, the variable f! representing the portion of total ton-mileage affected by1a change in water depth can be obtained as a first approximation of estimating the frequency of vessels that have a mid-summer draft in excess of maximum allowable draft resulting from not undertaking the project. This approximation is adequate provided that average haul distance for smaller vessels does not differ significantly from the average haul distance for larger vessels. In other cases, Waterborne Commerce dock to dock statistics should be consulted to relate vessel draft (size) with haul distance. An interview of the dock orterminal operator can also provide an estimate of f1* 100 7 7. 77 7 .... ...... .. .:77- _77 '77- 7: 7. 7. --77r-. 77 ------- -_7 .. .... .7 ilL w .... .... . .. . =7 ------ - ----- 71 1__:- . . .. . . .. . .. + 7, -:7 jJ Figure A. .... Figure A. la LL _p __r, i _LL!! Fiaure A. 1Lc 7 7 All 27' Draf t Vessels 50% 0% 24 Dra 22'-27' Draft Vessels, 7 5 ft Vessels 16 2/3% each _77 q_.: -77-7- 7 p &0 L : N ; 11 p . . . . . . . . . . . . . N J: q T 7 7_7 i ----- - q q p 77 7T _77 777 7 -7-1 >9 >4 f ie q 777 77- 1 100 000 001,110 0. 0' opo O.Oi 0 1 5 0. 00io 1: [71 on s: X. Ton's I q 7- -7 7 77@ 1 7 7 @_J 77@ -7-7 -7-- T- q P: 7 7 77: p q 7 7 IT" . .. . .... .. 7, ------ ------ (71 OUT 9v Y HDNI 01 W X Ot The variable TM representing the total ton-mileage for the project can be obtained as a first approximation by multiplying the total annual tonnage (T), from Step 4, by the average haul distance (L). A more precise evaluation can be performed using Waterborne Commerce Statistical Data, dock to dock summaries, if available. Vessel speeds in ballast (Vb) and loaded (V ) can be assumed equal to 15 and 14 mph, respectively. Thesi values are typical for Great Lakes vessels. The portion of total affected ton-mileage, f using the Soo Locks.(f the Welland Canal (f2 ) and tWS't. Lawrence Seaway (i, can be obtained from de terminal operator or 2 from Waterb8rne Commerce statistics, or implied from the length of haul. The vessel transportation savings model is sensitive to round trip delay time at locks and in channels (DT). Round trip delays are estimated to be approximately 12 hours at the Soo Locks system, and 36 hours for the Welland Canal as well as for the St. Lawrence Seaway. The sum of f2 i*DTL i can be simplified if the proportion of total affected ton-mileage being delayed at locks or in channels can be estimated and multiplied with the estimated average delay experienced. The average haul distance (L) can be obtained by using Waterborne Commerce statistics or by interviewing the terminal operator. Due to shipping patterns on the Great..Lakes and the types of commodities that will be considered, a fairly close approximation of L should be relatively easy. Before turning to the remaining term, th,P. exponential, note that all of the above variables are defined i-n physical units, but do not include dollars, i.e., computation of the formula excluding the exponential terms will yield ton-miles per unit of time. Transportation cost savings per ton-mile per time unit can be obtained by integrating, over the interval C W/ , to C which is what the exponential terms represent. The RerivaVon of this function and the data from which the function is estimated is described below in C-3-4. C-3.3 Deep Draft Vessels - Alternative Ports Although the previous discussion of this equation is oriented towards the cost savings of channel deepening, two other cost effects can be computed using variations of this basic formula. These impacts would result from use of some alternative port or dock for shipment and would arise from-differing change depths or differing lengths-of-haul on the waterway. 102 For an alternative port having a different channel depth, the equation of C.3 can be applied directly, with C the channel depth at an alternative port and C , the channey/Re,pth at the applicant port. If the water leng@h-of-haul varies, then the equation is modified to: 1 1 1 S = f T(M M (V +V + (Z-a -.145C 1 1- 2 b 1 2,i * DTi L) e W where, T = tons shipped through alternative port M1= length-of-haul via alternative port M2= length-of-haul via current port All other variabls are as defined in C-3. Hence: Savings per ton = S/T. C-3.4 Estimating Procedure - Unit Savings for Deep Draft Vessels The estimated exponential terms, are based on operating characteristics, budgetary and operating costs, and hourly vessel cost per ton for typical vessels operating on the Great Lakes. Vessel operating characteristics and costs for the Great Lakes fleet, as presented in this report, originate from the Office of Ship Operations at the Maritime Administration. VESSEL CHARACTERISTICS - The Great Lakes fleet is divided into several classes for purposes of economic analysis. Vessel characteristics of the Great Lakes fleet include such factors as draft, length (over-all), deadweight, and approximate vessel capacity per inch - draft, as presentedin Table C.1. From Class II (smaller vessels) to Class X (larger vessels), draft increases from 21 feet-2 inches to 27 feet-10 inches, overall length from 450 feet to 1,000 feet, deadweight from 9,050 long tons to 59,000 long tons, gross tonnage from 5,494 long tons to 32,930 long tons, and approximate capacity per inch of draft from 51 long tons to 246 long tons. VESSEL BUDGET AND OPERATIING COSTS The costs presented in this appendix apply to the vessel classes defined above. These costs reflect the operating and budgetary costs of modern self-unloading Great Lakes bulk carriers. The vessel operating expense estimates are based on average operating costs for prototype vessels and do not reflect any particular operator's experience, maintenance practices, insurance or casualty record. Budgetary costs are construction contract prices (replacement 103 mm w MM MM M MM w M M M.M M M TABLE C.1 VESSEL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF USA GREAT LAKES' FLFET Representative Vessel Characteristics Trip Capacity Approximate Length at Mid-Summer Capacity Per Vessel Mid-Sunmer Over All Draft Inch of Draft Class Draft (feet) ST2) LT ST 11 21- 2 450 9,050 10,150 51 57 111 21- 7 Soo 11,750 13,150 65 73 C) IV 22- 4 560 14,100 15,800 72 81 V 25- 7 625 20,150 22,550 91 102 VI 26- 4 700 23,200 26,000 102 114 Vil 27- 4 730 26,850 30,050 110 123 VIII 28- G 60 6 32,000 35,656 125 140 Ix 27-10 858 44,5.00 49,650 179 200 X 27-10 1,000 59,000 6G,100 246 276 1) Measurement unit is 2,240 lb/ton 2) Measurement unit is 2,000 lb/ton Source: Maritime Administration, Office of Ship Operations cost) for delivery in December 1979. Changes and options, owner's costs and interest costs during construction are not included. Table C.2 presents the estimated daily cost at sea and in port for each vessel class, including fixed charges, wagest subsistence, fuel, insurance, maintenance and repairs, other charges and overhead. Daily fixed charges were calculated based on a length of season of 275 days, a capital recovery factor of .1371, an interest rate of 13 and 5/8 percent, and a 50 year economic life. Daily fixed charges range from $7,500 for Vessel Class II to $27,930 for Vessel Class X. Wages include base, overtime and other expenses such as taxes, contributions to vacation, welfare plans, etc. Wages were based on a 32-man crew, automated to a 2-man engine watch at wage rates effective June 1979. Daily wage costs amount to $4,250. Subsistence includes the cost of all edibles, delivery charges and loading costs and amounts to 5 percent of wages. Daily subsistence costs amount to $192 or $6 per crew member. Fuel costs were based on spot prices of $18-35/bbl for Bunker "C" and $32-34/bbl for marine diesel fuel. The share of fuel cost in total vessel daily cost at sea ranges from 12 percent for Vessel Class II to 25 percent for Vessel Class X. Insurance costs reflect insurance costs for Hull and Machinery (H&M), Protection and Indemnity (P&I) and port risk for the operating period between April 1 and December 31. Insurance rates for operating during an extended season are not included. Insurance costs represent about 5 percent of total cost of vessel operation. Maintenance and, repair costs include rep6@ir work not recoverable from insurance, with a reserve for special surveys, dry docking, inspection and lay-up. The share of maintenance and repair costs to total cost ranges from 2.6 percent for Vessel Class X to 3.8 percent for Vessel Class II. Other charges include stores, supplies and equipment, tug charges and lay-up charges. Store, supplies and equipment charges include the cost of all consumable stores, supplies and expendable equipment other than edibles, fuel and water. These L charges range from 1.6 percent of total cost for Vessel Class X to 3.4 percent for Vessel Class II. Overhead represents 12 percent of daily operating expenses. 105 TABLE C.2 ESTIMATED OPERATING COST OF BULK CARRIERS (in thousands of 1979 dollars per day) Vessel Class 11 111 IV V VI %III I IN N budget Cost,) Million) 1 Ir 18 21 26 29 32 36 46 56 Capital Cost2)/Year ($ Million) (CRF = 13. 71%; 50 years3)) 2.OS7 2.4G9 2.880 3.566 3.977 4.339 4.937 6. 3@,9 7.680 � Fixed Charqes per day ($ Thousand) 275 day Navigation Season 7.48 8.98 10.47 12.97 14.46 15.96 17.95 22.94 27.93 � Opcrating ExEenses per day Thousand) Wa(3es & Subsist---nce 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 Fuel e at sea 2.10 3.36 7.11 7.76 8.73 9.15 10.58 13.26 13.26 o in port .49 .65 .97 1.13 1.29 1.29 1.62 1.62 1.62 Insurance .79 .95 1.10 1.38 1.55 1.70 1.92 2.47 3.07 Maintenance & Repairs .64 .75 .88 .89 .92 .92 1.06 1.25 1.39 Other Charges4) .56 .63 .68 .68 .71 .72 .77 .83 .88 SL2)total a at sea 8.55 10.13 14.20 15.15 16.35 16.93 18.77 22.25 23.04 * in port 6.94 7.42 8.06 8.52 8.91 9.07 9.81 10.61 11.40 e (Werhead Charqe per day5) Thousand) 1.00 1.17 1.61 1.11 1.95 1.91 2.10 2.49 2.56 Tk)l,',L DAILY COST ($ Thousand) � at sea 17.03 20.28 26.28 29.83 32.66 34.80 38.82 47.68 53.55 � in port 15.42 17.57 20.14 23.20 25.22 26.94 29.86 36.04 41.91 I For duliwry - December 1979 (Source: MarAd) 2) Assuming no salvage value 3) Source: Buffalo Engineer District 4) Starcs, Supplies and Equipment 40ik) Tug Charges (30%) ; Layup (30%) 5) 12'@ of daily operating expenses assuming 87% of time at sea and 131. in port (Source: MarAd) VESSEL COSTS FOR ALTERNATIVE PROJECT DEPTHS - Hourly vessel costs per ton of capacity are calculated for alternative project depths based on total operating costs (Table C-2), and capacity utilization (Table C-3). Capacity utilization is based on maximum vessel draft and vessel capacity per inch of draft (Table C.1), which is a function of vessel shape. Depending upon vessel design, significant variations in capacity per inch of draft are observed, even for vessels of similar deadweight or of similar draft. A common or typical value of the block coefficient (coefficient accounting for vessel shape) was used (.85) to provide for consistent and comparable estimates for analytical purposes. The estimates presented in Table C.4 are commensurate with ranges presented in Greenwood's guide to Great Lakes Shipping. Hourly vessel costs per ton are presented as Table C-4. Table C-4 includes, for Vessel Classes II through X, vessel draft, total daily cost at sea, hourly vessel costs fully loaded (no draft restrictions) and hourly vessel costs at sea for alternative project depths ranging from 18 feet to 29 feet or alternative draft limitations ranging from 16 feet-6 inches to 27 feet-6 inches, assuming that a 1 foot-6 inch clearance is required in protected areas. Costs presented in Table C.4 also assume that water depths greater than available at Low Water Datum are not utilized by vessels. Average differential vessel operating costs resulting from changes in dredged depth can be derived directly from Table C-4. After adjustment for inflation between 1979 and 1981, according to the ENR composite index, differential costs are presented in Table C-5 for unit (ft.) increments in dredged depths. An exponential fit is determined to facilitate the integration of transportation savings between dredged depth without the dredging project and with it. For increments over 1 foot, the column can. be summed from the without to the with project depth, The exponential fit is as follows: D(c) = 145.0e-.145c (in mils per ton-mile) where, D(c) = average differential vessel hourly operating cost (mils per ton-mile) per unit change (in dredged depth of 1 ft.) C = dredged depth Hence, anticipated differential vessel operating cost (S) for a change in depth from depth without dredging (Cw/o) to depth with dredging (C W)can be expressed as follows: 107 TABLE C.3 VESSEL CAPACITY UTILIZATION BY ALTEMATE PROJECT DEP,rn Vessel Capacity Utilization at Project Depth* (Feet) Of Class 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18- 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .955 .867 .820 .752 .084 111 1.00 1. 00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .944 .928 .862 .795 .730 .664 IV 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .949 .888 .827 .765 .704 .643 V 1.00 1.00 .995, .941 .887 .833 .779' .725 .671 .617 .563 rog VI 1.00 1.00 .956 .904 .851 .798 .746 .693 .641 .588 .535 .483 co VII 1.00 .959 .910 .860 .811 .762 .712 .663 .614 .564 .515 .466 VIII .953 .906 ..859 .812 .765 .719 .672 .625 . 578 .531 .411.1 .437 Ix .964 .936 .887 .839 .790 .742 .694 .645 .597 .549 .500 .452 X .983 .933 .883 .833 .783 .733 683 .633 .583 .533 483 .433 Subtract 1'6" from project depth to obtain maximum vessel draft at Low Water Datum TABLE c.4 HOURLY VESSEL COST (IN MILLS) AT SEA PER TON (ST) CARRIED AS A FUNCTION OF ALTE- RNATIVE PROJECT DEPTH Hourly Cost at Sea ]'or f:hort Ton )t Pro 1@(,)t!, (@oct )of Vessel Vessel Total Daily No Draft Cla- Draft Cost at Sea Restrictions 29 28 27 26 2 5 11 21- 17.03 70.0 70.o 70. o 70.0 70. n 74;.,) 70. 1.)3-1 1,2. 1 21- 7 20.28 64.2 6d.2 6-1. 2 64 . 64.2 (14. 2 G-1. (,.I. (.,J.2 74. ii(,. 7 IV 22- 4 26.28 G9. 3 69.3 G9.3 69.3 (A. 3 69. 3 G9. 1 '71. 1 711. 1 113. B 6 ljf@. 5 1,),:. @i V 25 - 7 29.83 55.1 55.1 55.1 55.4 58.5 62.1 6G.1 70.7 7(,.u 8".1 U9. 3 97. b 10d@ 2 Vi 2C- 4 32.66 52.4 52.4 52.4 54.8 ', 7. 9 61.5 05.6 7u.2 75.(, M . 7 k"J. 1 97. 9 1 1 6. 4 Vii 27- 4 34.80 48.2 48.2 50.3 53.0 56.1 59.5 63.3 C, 7. 7 72.7 78. 5 85.5 93.6 1 @,3. 5 Vill 28- 6 38.82 45.1 47.4 49.8 52.5 55.6 51). n 62.8 G7.2 72.2 7H.1 bs.o 9 3. 2 11@i 2. 3 C:) I X 27-10 47.68 39.9 40.5 42.6 44.9 47.5 50.5 53.7 57.4 r1l . 8 ,6.8 7-1.6 79.7 6,1.2 X 27-10 53.55 33.8 34.3 36.2 38.2 40..5 43.1 46.1 49.4 53.3 57.9 (13. 4 61J. 0 Subtract 1'6" from project depth to obtain maximum vessel draft at Low Water Datum and use Table 13 to dei'iVe Of p()Luntial tril, capacit@-@, utilizu-11 Cw/o D(x)Dc w/o .145e_* 145x dx = [e-* 145C w/o - e- .145C W] S = .001 @c W fcw C.4 Cost Effects - Shallow Draft Vessels For shallow-draft channel deepening, a similar type of formula can be derived. The estimated formula is based on operating characteristics, budgetary and operating costs, and hourly tow cost per ton for typical tows operating on the Mississippi River System. Tow operating characteristics and costs for the Mississippi fleet originate from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Planning Division of the Directorate of Civil Works. Tables C.6 through C.8 present an update of operating and capital cost based on information collected from barge and towing companies by the Corps of Engineers in 1979. The estimates are general in nature and may vary with specific operations. 110 TABLE C.5 Average Differential Vessel_Operating Costs Resulting From Changes in Dredged Depth (1981 mils.per ton-mile) Depth (ft.) Depth (ft.) Differential Exponential From To Cost 1) Pit 2) 18 19 11.4 10.8 19 20 9.4 9.3 20 21 8.0 8.0 21 22 6.8 7.0 22 23 5.8 6.o 23 24 5.0 5.2 24 25 4.4 4.5 25 26 3.9 3.9 26 27 3.5 3.4 27 28 2.9 2.9 28 29 2.6 2.5 1) 1981 costs calculated based on 1979 costs and a 1.21 correction factor for inflation (ENR composite index). 2 2) coefficient of determination r 99. Soure: Computed by Contractor. C.4-1 Operating Costs - Towboats More specifically, Table C-6 presents the estimated operating' costs of towboats on the Mississippi and Gulf Waterway Pystem. Investment and operating costs are presented as a function of towboat horsepower (one category for harbor towboat and 10 categories for line haul towboats of horsepower ranging from 800 to 10,000 hp). Investment coots ranges from $910,000 for a 1,000 hp towboat to $6,000,000 for a 10,000 hp towboat. Operating costs, which include wages and fringe benefits, fuel, maintenance and repairs, supplies, subsistance and insurance, range from $706,000 to $4,319,000 per year. Resulting hourly towboat costs, assuming 345 days of operations per year range from $112 per hour to $690 per hour. C-4.2 Operating Costs - Barges Table C-7 presents the estimated operating cost of barges. Quotations are provided for the following barge types: deck; open hopper; covered hopper; tank single skin; tank double skin with coils; tank double skin coiled and lined; cylindrical tank TABLE C.6 I of 2 ESTIMATED OPERATING COSTS OF TOWBOATS ON THE MISSISSIPPI/GULF WATERWAY SYSTEM JANUARY 1981 TYPE % Chg. Harbor Line Haul Fm 79 HORSEPOWER 400-600 800-1200 1400-1600 1800-2000 2800-3400 4000-4400 INVESTMENT (Average new cost) +20 425,000 910,000 1,200,000 1,800,000 2,880,000 3,600,000 FIXED COSTS: Depreciation: (10Z-20 year life) 40,375 86,450 114,000 171,000 273,600 342,000 Return on investment (10% Investment) 42,500 91,000 120,000 180,000 288,000 360,000 Administration & supervision +14 27,360 49,020 58,900 73,900 102,600 119,700 Sub-total 110,235 226,470 292,900 424,900 664,200 821.700 OPERATING COSTS: Wages 6 Iringe benefits +14 159,600 250,800 285,000 307,800 370,500 370,500 Fuel* +117 169,050 338,100 507,150 642,400 1,048,100 1,420,000 Maintenance and repairs +17 23,400 40,950 46,800 52,650 81,900 105,300 Supplies +20 8,400 21,600 27,600 30,006 44,400 50,400 Subsistence +14 ------- 20,520 22,800 26,200 34,200 34,200 Insurance +20 12,000 24,000 32,400 42,000 63,600 90,000 Other +20 1,200 9,600 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,COO Sub-total 373,650 705,570 933,750 1,113,050 1,654,700 2,082,400 TOTAL COSTS: (Annual) 483,885 932,040 1,226,650 1,537,950 2,318,900 2,904,100 SOURLY OPERATING COSTS: (345 days) 58 112 148 186 280 351 __ZOTAL COSTS: (Annual without fuel) 314,835 593,940 719,500 895,550 1,270,800 1,484,100 OURLY OPERATTNG COSTS 38 72. 87 108 153 179 Fue 1 cost based on 98C/gallon and use of one gallon per horsepower/day (345 days/year) Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Navigation Analysis Center, Casey Building, Fort Belvoir, V.A. 22060 112 2 of 2 TABLE C.6 (Continued,).@ ESTIMATED OPERATING COSTS OF TOWBOATS ON THE MISSISSIPPI/GULF WATERWAY SYSTEM JANUARY 1981 TYPE % Chg. Line Haul Fm 79 HORSEPOWER 5000-6000 6100-7000 7100-8000 8100-9000 10,000 INVESTMENT (Average new cost) +20 3,840,000 4,560,000 4,680,000 5,040,000 6,000,000 FIXED COSTS: Depreciation (10%-20 years) 364,800 433,200 444,600 478,800 570,000 Return on investment (10% investment) 384,000 456,000 468,000 504,000 600,000 Adminis tration & supervision +14 144,800 166t4OO 184,700 201,800 224,600 Sub-total 893,600 1,055,600 1,097,300 1$184,600 1,394,600 OPERATING COSTS: Wages & fringe benefits +14 399,000 444,600 444,600 444,600 444,600 Fuel* +117 1,859,600 2,197t8OO 2,535,800 2,873,900 3,381,000 Maintenance and repairs +17. 117,000 134,600 152,100 175,500 187,200 Supplies +20 54,000 60,000 62,400 66,000 68$400 Subsistence +14 39,000 39,900 42,200 43,300 43,300 Insurance +20 102,000 120,000 150,000 156,000 180,000 Other +20 12,000 12,000 13,200 13,200 14,400 Sub-total 2,583,500 3,008,900 3,400,300 3,772,500 4,318,900 TOTAL COSTS: (Annual) 3,477,100 4,064,500 4,497, 600 4,957,100 5,713 r%0 HOURLY OPERATING COSTS: (345 days) 420 491 543 599 690 TOTAL COSTS: (Annual without fuel) 1,617,500 1,866,700 1,9.61,800 2$083,200 2,332,500 HOURLY OPERATING COSTS: 195 225 237 252 2W *Fuel cost based on 98C/gallon and use of one gallon per horsepower/day (345 dayslyear) 113 TABLE C.7 1 of 3 ESTIMATED OPERATING COSTS OF BARGES ON THE MISSISSIPPI/GnF WATERWAY SYSTEM JANUARY 1981 TYPE. % Chg. DECK OPEN HOPPER COVERED HOPPER Fm 79 SIZE 130 x 35' 195 x 35' 175 x 26' 195 x 35' 175 x 26' 195 x 35' INVESTME14T (Average new cost) +20 213,600 270,000 211,200 264,000 246,000 300,000 FIXED COST: Depreciation (10%-20 year life) 20,292 25,650 20,064 25,080 2j,370 28,500 Return on investment (10% investment) 21,360 27,000 21,120 26,400 24,600 30,000 Administration & supervision +14 798 912 798 912 912 1,026 Sub-total 45,450 52,650 41,982 52,392 48,882 59,526 OPERATING COST: Maintenance and repair +17 4,680 5,265 4,914 5,616 5,265 5,850 Insurance +20 3,360 3,840 3,360 3,840 4,080 4,440 Supplies +20 360 480 360 480 360 480 Sub-total .8,400 9,585 8,634 9,936 9,705 10,770 TOTAL COSTS: (Annual) 50,850 62,235 50,616 62,328 58,587 70,296 HOURLY OPERATING COSTS: (355 days) A @5.97 7.30 5,94 7.32 6.88 8.25 TABLE C.7 (Continued) 2 of ESTIMATED OPERATING COSTS OF BARGES ON THE MISSISSIPPI/GULF WATERWAY SYSTEM JANUARY 1981 TYPE % Chg. TANK--SINGLE SKIN TANK--DOUBLE SKIN WIni COILS Fm 79 SIZE 195 x 351 240 x 50' 290 x 50' 195 x 351 240 x 501 290 x 50' INVESTMENT (Average new cost) +20 428,400 690,000 894,000 492,000 804,000 1,104,000 FIXED COST: Depreciation (10%-20 year life) 40,698 65,550 84,930 46,740 76,380 104,880 Return on investment (10% investment) 42,840 69,000 89,400 49,200 80,400 110,400 Ln Administration & supervision +14 2,394 3,534 4,332 2,500 3.1876 4,700 Sub-total 85,932 138,084 178,662 98,440 .160,556 219,980 OPERATING COST: Maintenance and repair +17 15,210 22,230 25,740 15,210 23,400 26,910 Insurance +20 7,560 12,000 16,080 8,640 14,040 19,200 Supplies +20 1,800 2,400 3,000 1,800 2,400 3,000 Sub-total 24,570 36,630 44,820 25,650 39,840 49,110 TOTAL COSTS: (Annual) 110,502 174,714 223,482 124,090 200,496 269,090 HOURLY OPERATING COSTS: (355 days) (8520 hrs.) 12.96 20.50 26.20 14.56 23.50 31.60 TABLE C.7 (Continued) 3 of 3 ESTIMATED OPERATING COSTS OF BARGES ON THE MISSISSIPPI/GULF WATERWAY SYSTEM JANUARY 1981 TYPE % Chg. DOUBLE SKIN TANK, CYLINDRICAL TANK CYLINDRICAL Fm 79 COILED, LINED PRESSURE REFRIGERATED SIZE 195 x 35' 195 x 35' 280 x 50' INVESTMENT (Average new cost) +20 540,000 1,008,000 2,520,000 FIXED COST: Depreciation (10%-20 year life) 51,300 95,760 239,400 Return on investment (10% investment) 54,000 100,800 252,000 Administ ration & supervision +14 2,394 3,190 7,520 Sub-total 107,694 199,750 498,920 OPERATING COST: Maintenance and repair +17 15,210 16,380 35,100 Insurance +20 9,600 17,040 42,840 Sub-total 24,810 33,420 77,940 TOTAL COSTS: (Annual) 132,504 233,170 576,860 HOURLY OPERATING COSTS: (355 days) 15.55 27.36 67.70 Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Navigation Analysis Centerr Casey Building, Fort Belvoir, V.A. 22060 pressure; and cylindrical refrigerated. Within each category a further distinction is provided concerning the barge size such as regular (175lx261), jumbo (195'x35'), tanker (240'X50'), and super tanker (2901x501, howeverf not used on the Upper Mississippi River). Investment cost or average new cost ranges from $211,000 for a regular open hopper barge to $1,OOOjOO0 for a jumbo cylindrical tank pressure barge. Operating costs, which include maintenance and repairs, insurance and supplies, range from $9,000 to $33,000 per year. Resulting hourly barge costs (fixed and operating) range from $5.94 per hour to $27-36 per hour. C-4.3 Operating Costs - Fuel Adjustment Table C.8 is provided to permit the adjustment of the fuel cost component of towboat cost according to potential changes in fuel price per gallon. Table C.6 is based on a fuel price of $.98/gallon (as of January 1981) and the consumption of one gallon per horsepower day. C-4.4 Tow Cost - Shallow Draft Vessels, General Formula Based upon these cost tables, and based upon typical tow characteristics for liquid bulk, chemicals and dry bulk material transport, the following general formula for tow cost per ton-hour can be derived: C = (TS * BC) + FC + TB TS X FL x BL(d) where, C = tow operating cost per ton-hour ($/ton-hour) TS = tow size (barges) BC = barge operating cost ($/@our) TB tow-boat operating cost Whour), excluding fuel FC fuel cost ($/hour) FL fraction of loaded barges (% divided by 100) BL(d) barge ladings (tons per loaded barge at water depth d) The towboat operating cost (TB), excluding fuel cost is derived from Table C.6. A power fit was determined for the set of data as follows: TB = 1.37 HP*58 where, HP = towboat horsepower (hp) TB = towboat operating cost ($/hour) excluding fuel 117 M M MMM M M M MIMM M M M-M M MM TABLE. C, 8 ESTINATED ANNUAL FUEL COST FOR TOWBOATS Flel CoSt based'on e/gallon and cons-prion of on, gallon per horsepower/d,y (345 days/ye,r). IDLE/I)OWN TIME is inelude HORSEPOWER 400-600 800-1200 1400-1600 1800-2000 2800-3400 4000-4400 5000-6000 6100-7000 7100-8000 8100-9000 10,000 .90 155,300 310,500 465,800 590,000 962,600 1,304,100 1,707,800 2,018 300 2.328,800 2.:::.300 3,105,000 1.00 172,500 345,000 517,500 655,500 1.069,500 1,449.000 1,897,500 2.242,500 2,587,500 2. 500 3,450,000 1.10 189,800 379,500 569,300 721,100 1,176.500 1,593,900 2,087,300 2,466,750 2.846,300 3,225,800 3,795.000 1.20 207,000 414,000 620,400 786.600 1,'283.400 1.738,800 2,277.000 2.691,000 3,105,000 3,519,000 4.140.000 1.30 224,300 448,500 672,800 852,200 1,39.0,400 1,883.700 2,466,800 2,915,100 3.363,800 3,812.300 4,485.000 1.40 241,500 483.000 724,500 917,700 1.497,300 2,028,600 2,656,500 3,139,500 3.622.Soo 4,105,500 4,830,000 1.50 258,800 517,500 776,300 983.300 1,604,300 2,173 '500 2,846,300 3,363,800 3,881,300 4,398,800 5,175,000 1,60 276,000 552.000 828,000 1,048.800 1,711,200 2,318,400 3,036,000 3,588,000 4.140,000 4.692,000 5,520,000 1.70 293,300 586,500 879,800 1,114.400 1,818,200 2,46).300 3.225,800 3,812,300 4,398,800 4,985.300 5,865,000 1.80 310,500 .621,000 931,500 1,179.900 1,925.100 2,608,200 3,415,500 4,036,500 4.657,500 5,278.500 6,210,000 1.90 327,800 655,500 983,300 1,245,500 2,032,100 2,753,100 3,605.300 4,260,800 4,916,,300 5,571.800 6,555,000 2.00 345,000 690,000 1.035,000 -.s 1.311.000 2.139,000 2,898,000 3,795.000 4,485,000 5,175.000 5,865,000 6,900,000 Source: Computed by Contractor Fuel cost (FC) is calculated assuming a consumption of one gallon per horsepower-day and a price of $.98 per gallon. Hence: FC = $-041 hp, in dollars per hour The values taken by all other variables are specific to the type of commodity transported. Three groups are distinguished in this report: liquid bulk (petroleum); chemicals; and dry bulk (coal, grain). The following assumptions used for commodity specific variables are derived from the Berger report "Projection of Tow Size and Towboat Horsepower by Scenarios of Future De *velopment," which was a part of the Upper Mississippi River Master Plan. The following formulas should be used to calulate tow operating cost per ton-hour as they represent the processing of the general formula presented above. C.4-4.1 Tow Costs/Liquid Bulk The following assumptions are used to represent the characteristics of liquid bulk tows on the Upper Mississippi. River: TS = 4.3 tanker barges BC = $20-50 per hour for 240'*50' single skin tank barge FL = .80 (fraction of loaded barges) BL(d) = 2500*(d - clearance -do)/(g do), with 1.5 foot clearance and draft empty do 1.5 feet = 333 (d - 3) (with water depth (d) in feet and barge lading (BL) in tons) Towboat horsepower can be expressed as a function of tow size as follows: HP = 570 TS1.32 Hence, tow operating cost per ton-hour c@Ln simply be expressed as follows for liq'-uid--bulk movements: Clb = .307/(d - 3) C.4.4-2 Tow Costs - Chemical Products The following assumptions are used to represent the characteristics of tows carrying chemical products: TS = 2.5 barges BC = $27-36 per hour, assuming cylindrical tank.pressure barges FL = 0.80 (fraction of loaded bar es or tows) BL(d) = 2500 * (d - clearance do)/@9 - do) = 333 (d - 3) 119 Towboat horsepower (HP) can be expressed as a function of average tow size as follows: HP = 570 TS'-137 Hence, tow operating cost per ton-hour can simply be expressed as follows for chemical product movements: CcP = .208/(d - 3) C.4-4.3 Tow Costs - Dry Bulk The following assumptions are used for dry bulk: TS =8.8 barges (jumbo), between Lock 2 and Lock 11 on the Upper Mississippi River BC =$7.80 per hour, or average of covered and open hopper jumbo barges ($8.25 and $7.32 per hour, respectively) FL =0.70 (fraction of loaded bar es or tows) BL(d) =1500 * (d - clearance - do)/@9 do), with 1.5 foot clearance and draft empty (do) 1.5 feet =200 (d - 3) (with water depth (d) in feet and barge lading in tons) Towboat horsepower (HP) can be expressed as a function of average tow size (TS) as follows: HP = 254 TS1.062 Hence, tow operating cost per ton-hour can simply be expressed as follows for dry bulk movements: Cdb = .246/(d - 3) C-5 Unit SavinEs - Upper Mississippi River Tow Transport Costs C-5.1 Shallow -Draft - Channel Depth The total annual tow transport cost savings resulting from an increase in depth, or conversely the total annual transportation cost losses resulting from a decrease in depth due to reduced maintenance can generally be expressed in a form analogous to deep draft savings as follows: S _- TM x( + 1 k - k where, Vu 7@d -dw-7-o-3 dw-3 S = total annual tow transport cost savings ($ 1981) TM = total ton-mileage corresponding to the terminal'or dock in question (ton-miles) 120 Vu = average tow speed upstream, including delays Vd = average tow speed downstream, including delays f = frequency of locks per miles (number of locks/mile) DT = anticipated delay (service and waiting) time at typical lock (for one round trip) k = tow cost factor ($/tonxft.), by commodity d = channel depth dw, = channel depth with dredging project (new or maintenance) dw/o = channel depth without dredging project The variable TM, representing the total annual ton mileage for the terminal or dock can be obtained as a first approximation by multiplying the total annual terminal throughput from Step 4 by the average haul distance. If needed, a more precise evaluation can be performed using dock to dock commodity flow summaries available from the Waterborne Commerce Statistical Center. According to the Vessel Characteristics Survey of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District, 1979, tow speed upbound as well as downbound is not significantly sensitive to commodity type on the Upper Mississippi River. Hence, the following values of Vu (tow speed upstream) and Vd (tow speed downstream) can be used for analytical purposes: Tow Speed Tow Speed without Delays with Delays* Vu (mph) 5.49 2.90 Vd (mph) 7.51 3.15 Average (mph) 6.33 3.01 1981 conditions If tows are expected to encounter delays (at locks in most cases), the with delay speeds should be used. Tow speeds without delays are used only when the tow will not encounter significant delays. The tow cost factors W were calculated for barges carrying liquid bulk, chemicals and dry bulk. Assuming that any new dredging would only increase channel depth to 9 feet, the formula can be simplified to: 121 Annual Savings Per Ton from Increasing Channel Depth dw/o to 9 Feet, with Commodity Type Delays__ Liquid Bulk TM * .6623 * ( .307(9-dw/0) 6(dw/0 -3) Chemicals TM * .6623 * C 208(9-dw/6)) 6(dw/0-3) Dry Bulk TM * .6623 * (* 246(9-dw/0) 6(dw/0-3) For many projects of this type, the average length-of-haul for movements, miles, can be obtained from the Port Director or Dock Operator. If not, miles can be obtained from "Waterborne Commerce of the United States - Part 2." Tonnage for each year is computed in Step 4 and their product will yield ton-miles per M ear for use in this formula. Annual savings are then divided by to obtain unit savings, i.e., S/T. it should be noted that for both deep and shallow draft vessels, the previous tables contain sufficient information to directly estimate the line-haul cost of any particular movment. In general, the need for estimating line-haul water rates will be associated with shallow draft movements on the Upper Mississippi River. Where normally only a small and well-specified number of movments need to be considered, it might be desireable to compute the cost or possibly to obtain it from the terminal operator or carrier. C-5.2 Shallow Draft - Alternative Ports- As with the bas@ic e-quation used for the .evaluation of deep draft cost impacts, the above equations can also be-used to compute savings resulting from the use of alternative ports. If only channel depth is affected, then the above equations can be applied directly, with d 0 the channel depth at the alternative port and d w @@e channel depth at the existing port. A more likely case is that only the length-of-haul changes. In this instance, the basic equation becomes: S (TM1-TM2) 1 + 1 V u a d- 122 where, TM,= ton-miles via the alternative port TPT ton-miles via the current port channel depth All other variables are as defined in C-5-1. Hence, unit savings = SIT, i.e., savings per ton. C.6 Cost Savings - Rail/Barge Alternatives However, in most instances, either the total charge is unnecessary to determine, or the exact origins or destinations of the movements may not be known. In these cases, which are more likely to be the prevailing cases, Table C.9 can be used for computing barge costs. Table C.9 is taken from a study prepared for the Institute for Water Resources and is based on 1979 barge rates. The increase from 1979 to 1981 is approximately 8 percent per year, for an increase of 16.6 percent to adjust these figures to 1981 levels. Documentation for Table C.9 is available from the Institute for Water Resources, Navigation Analysis Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, (202) 325-0574. C.6.1 Cost Savings - Alternative Ports The table can be used in one of two ways. If the alternative routing to the proposed project is via another port but still on the waterway, then the increase or decrease in the barge rate is the waterway miles between the two ports divided by 100 times slope/100 miles from Table C-9 for the appropriate commodity. For example, suppose that for.some reason a movement of ore from Burnside, Louisiana, normally destined for Winona, Wisconsin, is forced to use some downstream facility that is 50 miles away. The the barge rate will decrease by 15.7 cents (50 miles divided by 100 times $-2696 times 1.166). Of course, this would be more than offset by the increased truck haul ))etween Winona and the downstream facilitk'. If this were 30 miles at a cost of 6 cents per ton-mile, then the increased cost of using the alternative dock would be $1.64 ($1.80-$.157), the increased truck costs less the decrease in the barge rate of 15.7 cents per ton. Note that these physical units, i.e., miles, would be reflected in Exhibit 5.1. The line-haul charges would reflect a decrease of 50 miles while the truck/rail charge to inland destination would.reflect an increase of 30 miles. C.6.2 Cost Savings - Alternative Transportation Modes The second method of using this table is when the alternative routing is via the same origin and destination, but the shipment is all rail or all truck. In this event, the barge rate must be computed for comparison with rail or truck costs. Due to,the 123 TABLE C.9 Regression Statistics Barge Rate Study (1979 Data) Slope/ Commodity No. of 100 Class observations R2 Intercept Miles Corn 33 .72 1.84 .3064 Wheat 21 .75 1.34 .3885 Soybeans 30 .78 1.64 .3014 Grain Mill Products 20 .45 2.45 .2076 Ores 50 .51 1.67 .2696 Coal 66 .71 1.15 .3070 Crude Oil 14 .70 .49 .3881 Sand & Gravel 15 .70 1.31 .2493 Non-Metallic Minerals 20 .63 1.14 .3025 Salt 14 .64 1.56 .1676 Oils, Fats, Sugars 27 .46 3.23 .3274 Coal Tars 21 .87 1.35 .4452 Petroleum Coke 22 .72 2.07 .2597 Alcohols 27 .69 1.29 .6614 Benzene 29 .82 1.71 .4132 Basic Chemicals, Net 36 .40 2.66 .3795 Nitrogenous Fertilizers 105 .36 2.84 .2566 Phosphatic Fertilizers 24 .37 2.15 .1945 Gasoline, Jet Fuel, Kerosene 36 .70 1.16 .3031 Residual Fuel oil 30 .73 1.05 .2996 Distillate Fuel oil 59 .83 .42 .4469 Lub Oils 57 .77 .34 .4864 Naptha, Solvents 21 .67 2.80 .4097 Asphalt, Tar 21 .50 3.02 .3992 Crude Iron Products 61 .49 2.22 .3860 Finished Iron Products 81 .55 3.30 .5867 Scrap 44 .19 4.69 .2327 Miscellaneous Finished Products 19 .37 4.07 .4241 Miscellaneous Bulk Produ'pts 30 77 .25 ..6826-_w Source: Barge Line-haul Rate Study Regression Analysis, Institute for Water Resources, Navigation Analysis Center, Dec. 1981. 124 length of haul associated with waterway movements, in virtually all cases rail, not truck, will be the relevant alternative mode. C.6-3 Barge Costs In using Table C.9 to compute barge rates, the most important consideration is the ability to obtain a rail rate to compare with the barge movement. Where the true origin and destination of a shipment are known, one might attempt to find the applicable tariff. Exhibit C-1 is one possible starting point. Tariff Guide No. 10 contains the citation for relevant rail and truck tariffs that are available from the tariff bureaus. The Guide may be ordered from the Academy of Advanced Traffic, Inc. One might also contact a railroad freight agent to obtain a few rail rates, or possibly hire a rate expert to obtain the correct rail rates. In general, ascertaining rail rates is a rather difficult and complicated task for anyone unfamiliar with the structure of tariffs and it is recommended that expert help be obtained if specific rail rates are needed. The more likely case is that neither origins or destinations can be sufficiently specified to obtain a tariff citation or that the legally applicable tariff is not economically applicable. That is, some rail tariff is applicable for any point to point rail movement and by law is published. However, many of these rates, commonly called "paper" rates, exist only by law, and no traffic moves under these rates. C.6.4 Rail Costs Because of this, it i s suggested that rail rates be computed based on the followinf formula taken from a U.S. Department of Transportation study see Table C.10). 1n rate = 1.734 + .476 1n miles + .0002 miles - -352-1n weight (F=305) (26) (251) + .26xlO-6 weight - .181 1n Den - .624 MPriv .378 MPub (7-1) (81) (1441) (861) + .087 1nVal - .070 Im/ex - .043 RCO + .336 L .167 DT2 (65) (25) (18) (260) (172) + .054 OTI - .055 OT2 - .154 OT5'- .118 CHEM + .231 IRON (20) (13-3) (93) (14) (48) - .095 Coal + .062 GMill (39) (9-9) R2 .837, F = 984, SE = -253, N = 3649 125 If information on certain variables is available, they could be used along with the average values by commodity type shown in Table C.10. It would seem more likely that very little would be known about these variables, so that the average rate per ton shown at the bottom of Table C-10 should be used. Variables cited in Table C-10 are: 1n = natural log of variable Rate = $ per hundred weight Miles = length of rail haul in miles Weight = weight of shipment in pounds Den = commodity density in pounds per cubic foot MPriv = multiple car shipment, privately owned cars MPub = multiple car shipment, railroad owned cars Val = commodity value Im/ex = shipment is for import or xport RCO = 1, if two railroads could compete for the movement, zero otherwise L = 1, if commodity is liquid, zero otherwise DTZ = 1, if destination is Southern Territory, zero otherwise OT1 = 1, if origin is Official Territory, zero otherwise OT2 = 1, if origin is Southern Territory, zero otherwise OT5 = 1, if origin is Mountain Pacific Territory, zero otherwise CHEM = 1, if shipment is chemicals IRON = 1, if shipment is iron product COAL = 1, if shipment is coal GMill = 1, if shipment is grain mill products This is certainly a rather significant amount of information to generate about a movement whose true origin and destination- cannot be well specific. Generally; this type of information is only available in a rail tariff, so that usually the.avbrage' values shown in Table C.10 are the only readily available values. To return to our point of departure in discussing rail rates, we need to tie the "average" rail rate to some computed barge rates. Where actual origins and destinations are known, this is no problem as the rates can be computed directly. In other cases, it is suggested that the corresponding barge rate be computed based on a 30 percent waterway circuity factor. Thus, the barge rate associated with the typical coal movement would be based on a length of haul of 664 miles (1-3 times 510.8 miles from Table C-10) and the relevant equation from Table C.9. One final adjustment needs to be made to use these figures in computing benefits. Barge.rates tend to be cost based, while rail rates generally are not. The best general estimate of costs available is the 80 percent-20 percent split developed by the ICC 126 TABLE C.10 Average Values of Variables for Computing Rail Rates for Eight Bulk Commodities Products- Coal Petroleum Chemicals Iron Grain Mill Grain Cement Fertilizer In Miles 6.1387 6. 5638" 6.5991 6.3848 6.4795 6.3304 6.1491 6.5460 Miles 510.8 799.2 847.5 686.2 776.5 628.0 523.6 814.9 lnWeight 12.048 11.877 11.973 11.769 11.310 12.196 11.936 11.852 Weight 198,950 155,571 166,836 137,115 94,695 219,695 169,846 147,036 lnDen 4.0260 4.1110 4.0374 4.6543 3.6087 3.7333 4.3820 4.0508 MPriv .1405 .0415 .0779 .0405 .0010 .1430 .0292 .0066 MPub .3260 .0692 0.0000 .1247 .0170 .2154 .0365 0.0000 lnVal -3.9120 -3.5489 -2.0624 -1.0490 -1.8711 -3.1388 -2.5257 -3.0093 __j Ex/Im .1165 .0069 .0701 .0043 .0330 .3626 0.0000 .0033 RCO .0879 .4464 .3065 .6951 .7453 .3661 .5073 .2924 L 0.0000 .8304 1.0000 0.0000 .0869 0.0000 0.0000 .2060 DT2 .3214 .1038 .3429 .1493 .2288 .1548 .3285 .0166 OT1 .3812 .1073 .1766 .7367 .4525 .3137 .1715 .0997 OT2 .3711 .1488 .2468 .0757 .1129 .0536 .3066 .6645 OT5 .1910 .3183 .0286 .0757 .0450 .0959 .1934 .0166 Chemicals 0 0 1.0000 0 0 0 0 0 Iron 0 0 0 1.0000 0 0 0 0 Coal 1.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GMill 0 0 0 0 1.0000 0 0 0 sample size N 2377 289 385 938 1001 1699 274 301 Average Rate ($ ton) $8.44 $21.93 $22.75 $22.27 $28.51 $12.77 $12.40 $17.83 Estimated Cost ($ Ton) $6.75 $1-1.54 $18,20 $17..82 $22,81, $10.22 $ 9,92 $14,26 Source: U.S.D.O.T.,. "Rail Rate Models for Bulk Commodities," Report No. SS-221-Ul-74, September 1981. ISSUED JANUARY 1977 EXHIBIT C.1 TARIFF GUIDE NO. 10 Naming: Major Rail, Motor Carrier, Piggyback and Freight Forwarder Agency Tariffs, Both Class and Commodity, Applying Throughout the United States By E. Albert Ovens, Executive Vice President ACADEMY OF ADVANCED TRAFFIC, INC. 1 WORLD TRADE CENTER, NEW YORK, 10048 1 East Penn Square Building, Philadelphia, 19107 128 RAil Exparte increasing from November 30, 1977 through OCtober 1, 1981 Exparte Tariff Effective Date Increase X-373 11-30-77 5% X-349 6-17-78 2% between South and all territories; 4% all others x-357-A 2-23-79/b 8 within South; 8 between South and East (does not include Illinois Rate Committee Territory); 7%all others X-368-A 9/ 10-15-79 11.1% between South and all territories; 12.5 within West; 12.5% between West amd East (includes Illinois RAte Committee Territory); 13.7% within East (includes Illinois Rate Committee Territory). X-375-C c/ 7-12-80 9.9% between South and all terrotories; 13.9% all others. X-336 12-31-80 5% RCCR Xoo3 c/ 10-1-81 8.4% a/ Generally applicable to line haul commodity rates. Actual increase may vary with commodity amd application of tariff involved. b/ Date of change in tariff application. Original tariff effective 12-15-78. c/ Absorbs prior fuel adjustment or general increases published in other tariffs. d/ Effective 9-1-80 when from or to East. Total percentage increase to be applied tp X-336 rate level Application Cumulative increase Within South 49.4% Between South and East: 49.4% Between South and West(including Illinois Rate Committee Territory): 48.4% Within West: 55.8% Between West and South 48.4% Between West and South (including Illinois) Rate Committee Territory: 55.8% Within East: 57% Between East and South: 49.4% Between East and West (including Illinois Rate Comittee Territory: 55.8% 129 for variable and fixed costs, respectively. Therefore, we want to compare the barge rate to 80 percent of the estimated rail rate. C-6.5 Truck Costs For estimating truck costs, a figure of 6 cents per ton-mile is applicable. This figure was obtained from a monthly report issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for trucking agricultural products. For short intra-port truck movements, a cost of $-65 per ton is applicable, based on truck rental costs per hour. For these short movements, using a cents per ton-mile will greatly underestimate truck costs. The $.65 figure is the lowest possible truck cost per ton, due to loading and unloading time for trucking commodity. (For further information, contact Freeman Buxton, Office of Transportation, USDA, Washington, D. C., 20250; phone (202) 447-6236). C.6.6 Transfer Costs The last piece of information possibly needed to complete a rail-barge comparison is handling charges. These are shown in Table C-11 and represent average charges associated with typical rail and barge movements. Where better data is available, it should be used. For example, access charges to or from the waterway may or may not be applicable, depending on the specific movement and ports considered. This should be determined on a movement by movement basis. C-7 Decreasing Channel Depth The benefits resulting from an increase in channel depth have been translated into vessel transportation cost savings due to the more efficient loading of those vessels or tows which have sufficient draft to fully exploit increased depth. The methodology recommended for benefit calc'dlations was presented for Great Lakes ve�-bels and for Mississip@pi tows, assuming known dredging requirements to maintain a given channel depth. However, budgetary constraints may not allow maintenance dredging at sufficient levels to maintain current channel depths. The methodology below be_applied to future years to determine the without project channel depth.he benefit equation for inflation (all benefits are in 1981 dollars). C.7.1 Estimation of the Rate of Decrease of Depth Analysis of changes in dredge depth involves the determination of the rate of decrease of depth of a harbor. This involves the application of available rates of siltation for the area in question. Rates of siltation are generally progressive in that the rate decreases annually in the absence of dredging to zero when natural depth (if any) is reached. 130 TABLE C.11 GENERIC HANDLING COSTS PER TON Water Charges Rail Charges Commodity Access Load Unload Load Unload Grain $2.73 $1.95 $1.66 $1.84 $2.40 Petroleum .95 .86 ..1.93 1.77 @1.77 Coal 1.91* .46 .54 .17 .48 Chemicals 3.85 1.25 1.80 1.34 1.33 Minerals 1.03 LAS 1.30 1.44 1.29 Iron & Steel 1.66 2.45 2.18 1.91 1.60 other 2.45 2.44 2.44 1.42 2.66 Western coal is $13.40- Source: Comprehensive master Plan for the Management of the Upper Mi ssissippi River System, Navigation/Transportation Studies Appendix,_ Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission, September 1981, Table 3.15. 1.31 Siltation rates are often available from either the Corps of Engineers, various harbor authorities, or private dock operators. If not, the following procedure could be used to estimate an upper bound for annual siltation rates. The upper bound generally corresonds to the first year rates since rates decrease concurrently with depth. For a wharfside area., the volume of annual dredging (in cubic yards for example) would be divided by the product of the dredged length alongside the dock and the dredged width (or dredged area). For a channel, the approach is analogous in that the volume of material dredged should be divided by the total area dredged. Where the entire channel is dredged, this latter figure, or denominator is simply the product of the length of the channel and its width. Generally, annual siltation rates can then be estimated as follows: MAXSR = 1 x d(i) where, n x(i)Y71T MAXSR = maximum rate of siltation in yards of depth per year d = cubic yards dredged at each dredging event, i x = length of area dredged in yards at each event, i y = width of area dredged in yards at each event, i n = period of records reviewed, in number of years Where budgetary constraints are present, d(i) can be estimated as the dredging budget divided by dredging cost per cubic yard, currently about $8. The area to be dredged, x(i)y(i), can be obtained from local authorities and n = I- year. Using these figures to compute the amount of siltation that is dredged yearly, DR, then the change in channel depth is MAXSR - DR, i.e., the decrease in depth due to siltation less the amount of dredging. The channel depth is then the existing depth minus (MAXSR - DR). C.8 Benefits - Production Facilities, Vessel Construction A very different type of benefit that appears at several proposed 1983 projects results from dredging or dockwall construction to provide areas of expansion for the ship building industry. In these cases, the commodity "shipped" is the vessel itself, so that some type of standard commodity type of benefit will not apply. Therefore, a slightly broader measure of benefits was used for these projects, namely the profitability of these operations or the excess of sales over payments to factors used in the production of vessels. 132 Information on the ship building industry is not available at the county or state level due to disclosure reasons. However, the competitive nature of the industry suggest that national level data should be a good approximation of the industry within the state. Data on the industry was obtained from the 1977 Survey of Manufacturers - Industry Series, Table 5a, the most current data available. For SIC 3731 @Ship Building and Repairing) and SIC 3732 (Boat Building and Repairing) the information taken from the Survey of Manufacturers is presented below. Value of Cost of SIC Shipments(l) Payroll(l) Materials(l) 3731 $6,495.1 $2,494.0 $2,670.1 3732 1,822.6 445.8 984.7 (1) Millions of dollars. After netting out labor and materials costs, approximately 21.5 percent of the value of shipments is still unaccounted for. This represents the implicit rental of and rate of return to capital goods used in the production of vessels. Of this remainder, 94 percent was ascribed to the rental price of capital goods, with 6 percent of the remaining value attributed as benefits to the project. This figure (6%) was based on two related, but independent studies. The first was a study by the Contractor showing an approximate 6 percent after tax return to capital in the business sector of the U.S. economy. The second is a study by B. M. Fraumeni and D. W. Jorgenson entitled "The Role of Capital in U.S. Economic Growth, 1948-1976," contained in Capital Efficiency and Growth, edited b G. M. von Furstenberg (Ballinger Publishing, 198--OT.-For SIC 37 @Transportation Equipment & Ordinance, except motor vehicles) they show an average return of 5.35 percent, over the period 1948-1976..- Although this figure is lower then [email protected] percent used, over the 1'953-1976 period the corresponding rate implied in the study is 5.95 percent. Overall, the 6 percent figure seemed a fairly reasonable approximation to the rate-of-return. Based on these data, the per unit benefit can be computed as follows: For every dollar of sales by the ship building industry, 78.5 cents will be spent on.materials and labor. Of the remaining 21.5 cents, 94 percent represents the implicit rental price of capital goods, with the remaining 6 percent representing the additional value created by each dollar of sales that is not accounted for as payments to factor inputs (labor, capital and materials). Thus, 1.29 cents (.06 times 21.5 cents) of each dollar of sales represents the benefit (value) that can be attributed to projects whose main purpose is the provision of additional dock space or associated services for the ship, building industry. For example, if a particular project were to increase the production capability such that an additional 133 $1,000,000 of vessels could be constructed annually ' $987,100 of increased sales would represent factor payments, while $12,900 (.215 times .06 times $1,000,000) would represent the benefit to the project. C.9 Benefits - Dock Wall Extension/Repair or Available Berths Queuing theory is suggested as the most appropriate means to estimate the impact of investment alternatives on vessel waiting times. Dock wall extension or repair and the construction of a new berth represent investment alternatives which will increase the overall terminal capacity by providing more berthing space to vessels. Annual benefits can be estimated by calculating the savings in vessel waiting costs at the terminal as follows: B = V X * 365 * (1/1j) * Hn2 ) - R (n 1)); or B V 365 (Rlkn 2f U,)) - R(ni, U1)) where, B annual savings in vessel and cargo holding costs (1981 dollars per year) V = vessel or tow cost per hour, including cargo holding cost ($/day) X = vessel arrival rate (average number of vessels per day) = vessel service rate (average number of vessels served per day at one berth), or inverse of vessel service time R(n,u) = waiting to service time ratio as a function of the number of berths (n) and facility utilization (u) Vessel and tow cost per hour, excluding @,-argo holding costs can be obtained from the vessel cost information presented earlier. The costs must be updated where necessary to 1981 or 1982 dollars, etc., depending upon the base used for project cost estimations. Cargo holding cost can be obtained by calculating the opportunity cost of idling the cargo. The daily opportunity cost is the product of the value of the cargo times the daily interest rate which fluctuates over time. Currently, September 1982, this value is about .00033 (.12/365 days). The daily arrival vessel/tow arrival rate can be obtained by dividing the total number of vessels/tows calling at the port by 365 days. The annual number of vessel/tow calls can be obtained from the terminal operator. The vessel service rate (ji) can be obtained by calculating the inverse of vessel service time. Hence, a service time of 0.5 days corresponds to a service rate of two vessels per day. Information on average service rate can be obtained,from theterminal operator. 134 Queuing theory can be a good substitute for expensive simulation models as a means to calculate anticipated vessel/tow waiting time, provided that the proper Erlang distributions are used to represent the pattern of vessel arrival and service time. Extensive research performed by UNCTAD's shipping division indicate that: (i) for break-bulk/general cargo operation, an Erlang 2 distribution best describes the service distribution, while an Erlang 1 or negative exponential distribution best describes the arrival pattern; and (ii) for specialized terminals serviced by specialized vessels/tows, such as petroleum, coal, iron ore, salt, etc., the arrival distribution is less likely to follow an Erlang 1 distribution due to a smaller fleet and a more limited number of operations; instead, an Erlang 2 distribution is proposed, not only for the arrival pattern, but also for the service distribution. Since advanced theory is required to solve for the general steady state solution, extensive computational results have been tabulated. The tabulation presented as Table C.12 or break-bulk/general cargo/non-specialized terminals and as Table C-13 for specialized terminals. The ratios R(n,u) of waiting time to service time can be extracted from the above mentioned tables provided that the number of berths (n) and the facility utilization (u) are known or can be determined. The number of.berths in the without project condition (nl) can be obtained from the dock operator, as well as the number of berths after improvements (n 2). Once the arrival rate (A), the service rate 03) and the number of berths (n) are known, the facility utilization (u) can be calculated as follows: u (n 1j) For typical project sizes, this value is shown in Tables C-12 and C-13. Interpolation is required for values of utilization not shown on 'Iables C.12 and C-13. C.10 Analysis of minor Harbor I.-nproven, i@,ts Minor harbor improvements include all improvements which help expedite the servicing of vessels or tows, hence, help reduc*e waiting time. Typical improvements include the procurement of a faster crane, the enlargement of a storage area, or diminishing congestion at any point in the cargo handling process. Project costs relating to minor improvements are generally lower than costs relating to dredging or dock wall extension. C-10.1 Increased Number of Berths The equation used to determine the impact of an increase (decrease) in the number of berths can be used again. B V *A* 365 * (1/11)(R(n,u2) - R(n,ul)) 135 "FABLE C.12 AVERAGE WAITING TIME OF VESSELS IN THE QUEUE M/E2/n IN UNITS OF AVERAGE SERVICING TIME-(General cargo and non- specialized berths) Utilisatir." Number of berthing points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0.10 .08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 .13 .02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.20 .19 .03 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d.25 .25 .05 .02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.30 .32 .08 .03 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 .40 .11 .02 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.40 .50 15 .06 .03 .02 .01 .0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.45 .0 .20 .08 05 .03 .02 M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.50 .75 .26 .12 .07 .04 .03 .02 M .01 A 1 0 0 0 0 0.55 .91 .33 .16 11) .06 .04 .03 .02 .02 '0 1 .0 1 .01 0 0 0.60 1.13 .43 .23 .14 .09 .06 .05 .03 .02 02 .02 .01 M .01 0.65 1.38 .55 .30 .19 .12 .09 .07 .05 .04 .03 .03 .02 .02 .02 0.70 1.75 .73 42 .27 .19 .14 .11 .09 .07 06 .05 .04 .03 .03 0.75 2.22 .96 .51) .39 .28 .21 .17 .14 .12 .1o ()8 07 .06 .05 .0.80. 3.()o 1.34 .82 .42 .33 .27 .22 .18 .16 .13 .11 .10 .09 0.85 4 5r) 2.00 1.34 -90 @70 .54 .46 .35) 34 30 .26 .23 .20 is 0.90 6,75 3.14 2.01 1.45 1.12 '9 1 76 6 5 56 @O 45 40 36 .33 Source: UNCTAD secretariat, "UNCTAD/SHIP/185: GE. 79.55289" TABLE.C.13 AVERAGE WAITING TIME OF VESSELS IN THE QUEUE E2/E2/n IN UNITS OF AVERAGE SERVICING TIME (for specialized berths) Uti I is;- ti on Number of berthing points 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.10 .02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 .03 .01 0 0 0 0 0.20 .06 .01 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 pq .02 .01 0 0 0 4) 0 0.30 .13 .02 .01 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 j7 .03 .02 M 0 0 0 0 0.40 .24 .06 .02 .01 0 0 0 0. 0.45 .30 .09 .04 .02 .0 1 .01 0 0 0.50 .39 .12 o5 .03 .0 1 .01 .01 0 0.55 .49 .16 .07 .04 .02 .02 .02 .01 0.60 .63 .7-1 .11 .06 ;04 .03 .02 .() I 0.65 .80 .30 .16 .09 .06 .05 .03 .02 070 I.D4 .41 .23 .14 .10 .07 .05 .04 0.75 1.38 .58 .32 .21 .14 .11 .09 .07 0.80 1.87 .83 .40 .@s .26 .20 .16 .13 0,85 2.80 1.311) .75 .57 .44 .35 .29 .23 0.90 4. Y) 2.00 1.20 .1)4 .71 .49 41 So6rce: LJNCTAD secretariat, "UNCTAD/SlITID/1-85: GE. 79. 55289" 137 Tables C.12 and C-13 can again be consulted using the column corresponding to the number of interchangeable berths at the terminal. C.10.2 Improvements in Vessel Cycle -Time The main problem to solve is to determine the impact of minor improvement measures on service time (1/1i) at the given berth if only one berth is available, or on average, service time across all berths (a 10 percent decrease in service time at one berth corresponds to a 5 percent decrease in,service time at a dual berth terminal). (k/n) (1/0)1* CT1/CT 2 for faster crane (1/02= (k/n) (1/Ij)1**HR1 /HR2for faster conveyor where, 1/p = servicing time (vessels or tows per day) n = number of berths k = number of berths benefiting from improvement CT = crane cycle time (number of cycles per hour) HR = conveyor handling rate (tons per hour) C-10.3 Improvements in Storage Facilities The lack of storage space or its unacceptable use for long term storage of general cargo, containers or bulk commodities represent a major constraint to efficient servicing of the vessel/tows. -Storage constraints typically reduce the rate 'of transfer or commodities from apron to storage, resulting in the idling of both apron cranes and vessels/tows. The impact of an ant.icipated increase in traffic on storage requirements can be assessed by investigating the relationship that exists between annual throughput and storage requirement. To the extent possible, the relationship should be adjusted to reflect the annual operating situation. For instance, if given the present annual throughput, the storage area is congested, the linear relationship between storage requirement and annual throughput can be established immediately. The increase in vessel servicing time (1/p) resulting from the improvement-s to the storage area'can be assessed as follows: ('/L')2 = (k/n) (1/o), MAX(SR1,ES)/MAX(SR2,ES) where, (1/02 servicing time assuming larger/improved storage space servicing time with anticipated average traffic increase over the planning horizon and no improvement in storage. k number of berths where storage is expanded/improved. 138 If the same storage area is used by all berth@s' k=n n = total number of interchangeable berths SRi = storage requirements with existin traffic (SR1), with average anticipated traffic @SR2) ES = existing storage. If existing storage (ES) is apparently sufficient (given operating conditions) to accommodate existing traffic then MAX(SR2,ES) = ES, and the increase in storage has no impact on service time It should be verified that: (i) other measures can be used to improve storage efficiency such as better stacking, lower dwell time, better utilization of available space, etc.; and (ii) that the existing or future handling equipment can accommodate the anticipated increase in traffic throughput. The following equations are presented to enable the calculation of storage requirement as a function of annual throughput cargo density, stacking height, dwell time, cargo storage utilization and storage space utilization. Typical values are presented, but it is strongly suggested to estimate the actual values of determining parameters by visiting the terminal or contacting the terminal operator. Also, the methodology is valid if throughput is handled in a very discrete fashion, namely ten large shipments a year for instance. When shipments are large and infrequent, the storage area should be such that the total tonnage handled can be accommodated in storage. This is most particularly true for dry bulk cargo where storage is designed to accommodate one, two or three vessel, etc., vessel loads. The following equations can be used to estimate storage requirements as a function of anticipated traffic levels, and assuming a fairly continuous (not discrete) flow of commodities. General Cargo TSR THR * NAPT DWTM CSU (DYS * PROP7 where, TSR = total storage requirement (ft.xft.) for THR throughput THR = throughput (tons) NAPT = average net area required to store 1 ton (ft.xft./ton) = 1/((cargo density of 100 cu.ft./ton)* (stacking height) = 10 ft.xft. per ton of general cargo DWTM = dwell time (days). Depends on free time or length of- time the cargo can be left in storage without incurring charges. Typically, a dwell time of seven days can be used for planning purposes 139 CSU cargo storage utilization or proportion of cargo using storage. This proportion is assumed to be 90 percent, typical of the ratio observed at efficient ports. Again, this ratio would probably fluctuate depending upon trade routes, type of cargo, frequency of ship calling, etc. PROP = proportion of storage area actually used (.200). The actual values taken by the variables listed above should be used if obtainable from the terminal operator DYS = annual days of operation Bulk Cargo The same equation is used for general cargo and dry bulk cargo storage. The values of parameters are, however, different. The average net area (NAPT) required to store one ton of dry bulk cargo is calculated assuming a cargo density of .025 ton/cu. ft., a height of 30 feet for stacks and a 45 degree angle of repose, leading to a NAPT of 1.4 ft.xft./ton. Other parameter values for dry bulk cargo used for general planning purposes at Wisconsin ports are a dwell time (DWTM) of 20 days, a cargo storage utilization (CSU) of 100 percent (all cargo goes to storage), and a proportion (PROP) of net area used to total area of .30. Hence: TSR = .26 THR. Containerized Cargo Storage requirements for containerized cargo depends upon the storage method used. Two methods are typically used, the chassis method.and the yard-stacking method. In the chassis operation, containers are stored and moved through the yard on wheeled trailer chassis suitable for transporting the container via highways. In the yard-stacking option, containers*are stacked in the yard without individualtrailer chassis. Usually, containers are stacked two or three high. In the chassis method, fifty 40-foot or seventy-five 20-foot containers per acre can be stored. For the yard-stacking method, ninety 40-foot or one hundred thirty-five 20-foot containers per acre can be accommodated. The equation used to calculate space requirements is the following: TSR = THR * (43,500) * DWTM * CSU NCPA 5-YS where, TSR total storage requirements (ft.xft.) at THR throughput expressed in TEU's (Twenty foot Equivalent Units) 140 NCPA = average number of containers per acre. There are about 43,500 ft-xft. in an acre. As stated above, NCPA depends upon container size DWTM = dwell time. Dwell time varies depending upon free time, trade routes and lines, and whether or not the containers are inbound or outbound, loaded or empty. Typical dwell time observed is eight days for loaded inbound containers, five days for outbound loaded containers and 12 to 15 days for empty containers. Overall, an average of eight days can be used for analytical purposes. CSU = cargo storage utilization. Can be taken as 100 percent unless otherwise observed at the terminal DYS = annual days of operation 141 APPENDIX D - PROJECT IMPACT PARAMETERS APPENDIX D PROJECT INPACT PARAPIET"ERS D.1 Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to set forth the methods for estimating project impact parameters. Due to the large number of impacts, a series of steps must be accomplished. The first step is the delineation and allocation of benefit shares. This information is used to allocate benefits to the port area, the non-port/state area and the non-state area. Next, economic base multipliers are generated by region. When applied to a computed allocation of benefits, this will indicate the income effects of the project by region. Based on this computed increase in income, sales/income ratios, employment/income ratios and effective tax rates are computed which, when applied to the increased income by area, will determine the project impacts. These computations are undertaken in Step 11 of the main report and are toally based on project benefits and costs. This appendix simply sets forth methods of estimating parameters that when applied to benefits or costs yield an estimate of other types of project effects. D.2 Defining Impact Areas The first step in determining impacts is the delineation of areas where these impacts may take place. This step is closely interrelated with the identification of commodities (Step 2 of main text) that might use the proposed project, as the impact area will be largely determined by the commodities identified. As a general rule, the economic impact area will be rather small because any port or harbor will be able to completely capture the majority of the benefits resulting from harbor improvements. While a small geographic unit will not encompass all of the economic activity related to a particular harbor, it will in general capture the@vast majority of the"@activity. For this reason, the local impact area should generally be limited to one county or a group of economically related counties such as a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SPISA). For purposes of convenience, two other areas are defined for impact purposes, the non-local/state area and the non-state area. Smaller areas could be used, but in general, data limitations will not allow the analysis with the use of smaller areas. The purpose of defining impact areas is to determine how project benefits, and hence impacts are allocated between areas. This can be a rather difficult task and a variety of methods might potentially be used. However, most of these methods are complex and data hungry, which precludes their use in the evaluation of small port/harbor improvements. The method presented here was developed to account for two known phenomenon about port 142 projects. First, for certain types of projects, for example a grain elevator, a significant portion of project impacts will occur outside the port. Second is the recognition that some benefits and impacts must accrue to a port simply because a project must physically be located somewhere. Thus, while significant benefits and impacts from a grain elevator will occur in non-port areas, the port will experience certain employment due to the elevator and should capture enough project benefits to support this employment. To encompass both these considerations, a two step procedure is used to estimate the benefit shares for each of the three regions cited above. The first step is to derive an initial relative distribution of benefits based on the origins and destinations of traffic using the project in the base year. This traffic is allocated to one of the three regions and then the proportion of benefits to be allocated to each region is based on the tonnage allocated to the region divided by total tonnage. "he allocation of tonnage is based on a sequential process that I examines the origin/destination of project traffic. Each movement should be allocated to one of the three regions by the following process: (1) If the final origin or destination of the movement is in the port county, the movement should be allocated to the local area. (2) If (1) does not hold for either the origin or destination; but the origin or destination is still in the State of Wisconsin, then the movement should be allocated to the non-local/state area. (3) If neither (1) nor (2) holds, the movement should be allocated to the non-state area, i.e., the movement neither originates nor terminates in the state. EXAM'PLE Consider the Kenosha-based example used in the main report. 7-he initial allocation of benefits was hypothesized as one-third local, one-third non-local/state and one-third non-state. For simplicity, suppose the tonnage through Kenosha consisted of six movements of about 15,000 tons each with the following origin-destination pairs for each movement: a. Minneapolis, Minnesota to Euro-pe b. Kenosha,.Wisconsin to Europe c. Montreal, Canada to Kenosha, Wisconsin d. Madison, Wisconsin to Montreal, Canada e. Europe to Rockport, Illinois f. Europe to Madison, Wisconsin 143 Based on the above discussion, two of these movements, b and c, fulfill rule (1) and would be allocated to the port area. Of the remaining four, movements d and f originate in the state, but outside the port area, so they are allocated to the non-port/state area. The remaining two movements both originate and terminate outside the state and hence are allocated to the non-state area. By hypothesis, each movement was 15,000 tons, so 30,000 tons is allocated to each area, yielding an initial estimate of the distribution of benefits of one-third to each region. To adjust this distribution to more fully reflect local impacts, we must use some of the information on impacts that will be developed later in this appendix. By combining project benefits with the state income multiplier, and the state average wage per full time employee, the number of jobs created by the project can be determined. This process was described in Exhibit 10.2, and yielded 6.02 jobs for our Kenosha-based example. Based on the project application submitted, the project will account for four of these jobs, leaving 2.02 jobs created outside the immediate project. These jobs are allocated between regions by the initial estimate of the distribution of benefits, i.e., one-third for each region or .67 jobs per region. The new distribution of benefits is computed based on this allocation of jbos. The port area will have 4.67 jobs, or a 77.6 percent share of benefits, and each of the remaining areas will have .67 jobs or an 11.2 percent share of benefits (.67/6.02). D-3 Income Multiplier The remainder of this appendix is devoted to methods for estimating specific types of impact parameters. The first parameter to be estimated is an economic base or income multiplier utilizing the "concentration" technique. Application of this technique is rather straight forward but can require a good deal of computation. Two data sources are required: 1. U.S. Department of Comm,erce., Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns , available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 20402 2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Measurement Division,.Local Area Personal Income , available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, 22161. This technique, also known as developing location quotients, is used to determine the basic and non-basic shares of employment in each industry by comparing the port community or region's employment distribution to national employment distribution. The underlying assumption is that if a community is highly specialized relative to the nation in the production of a particular commodity, that commodity is presemed to be an export item from the region. If a region's share of employment for a particular industry exceeds the national average, then the excess above the national average is basic employment in the region, which supports the non-basic (or local) employment of the region. There are some problems with this approach. The most significant is that the technique understates basic employment, and hence overstates the multiplier, because it does not adequately reflect differences in product mix. For this reason, the most disaggregate level of data available should be used in these computations. However, even data disaggregated to the four-digit SIC level, groups together several different products and often several brands of each product. This product mix factor causes the concentration technique to understate the volume of exports. As a result, the employment multiplier and the estimate of secondary impacts will normally be overstated. Nevertheless, this approach is an inexpensive way to estimate the employment multiplier as long as its limitations are recognized. Since our impacts are between the state and various regions, this problem will be partially offset. D-3.1 Basic and Non-Basic Employment Computation of the income multiplier proceeds in a two-step manner. The first step is to compute basic and non-basic employment shares. The second step is to apply these shares to data on income to determine the income multiplier. Income is generally a better predictor of future economic impacts than employment. Moreoveri the employment multiplier excludes the effects of non-labor income (interest, dividends, and transfer payments) which is primarily basic and supports non-basic employment. (Transfer payments alone currently account for close to 15 percent of total personal income nationwide.) Using an income multiplier to capture this additional component of the basic sector-is therefore a more theoretically justifiable approach. The reason that the income multiplier is not computed initially is that the available income data are too highly aggregated to use the indirect techniques for determining distributions between the basic and non-basic sectors. (For example, at the state level, the multiplier based on 2-digit SIC's is about four times as large as the more disaggregate multiplier.) To calculate the number of basic employees for each SIC industry, it is necessary to apply the national percentage of employment in the industry to total employment in the region and compare this number to actual area employment in the same SIC. If actual 145 employment is greater than the calculated number, the difference (actual minus calculated) is basic employment. Table D.1 illustrates the application of this technique for Door County. Door County was selected for purposes of tractability, it is the shortest computation for any of the income multipliers derived. EXAMPLE Table D-1 is an example of an arithmetically simple but rather detailed computation. Two problems must be dealt with before computing basic employment, due to the manner in which the data is made available. However, before looking at these problems, it is rather simple to show how the data is to be processed when these problems have been accounted for. SIC 58 is an industry where problems do not appear. Total employment in this SIC is totally accounted for by the 4-digit SIC's 5812 and 5813, shown in Table D.1 (570=451+119). Therefore, if SIC 58 has any basic employment, it will appear in one of the two 4-digit SIC's and SIC 58 can be ignored. For SIC 5812, predicted (non-basic) employment is 418 (7,715 times .0541). '.hat is, an average community employs .0541 of its labor force in SIC 5812 (3,804,948 divided by 70,289,236). Since Door County employs 451 in SIC 5812, this leave-s 33 employees (451_418) that are basic employment. A similar computation for SIC 5812 predits non-basic employment of 38 leaving 81 basic jobs (119-38). If all SIC's were as 11clean" as SIC 58, then basic employment would be computed as follows: Basic Employment Actual Employment. loymenti/U.S. (Total Employment x U.S. Em@ M Total @mployment) where, the i denotes a specific 4-digit SIC, and no basic employment is computed for 1, 2 or 3-digit SIC's. Of course, if basic employment computes as a negative number, then basic employment is zero. Having stated this, one needs only to look at Table D-1 and it becomes clear that@the "nice" example of'@_SIC 58 holds true for only a mall proportion of the industries shown. The first problem to deal with is the fact that exact employment is not disclosed for a large number of industries. This problem is dealt with by transforming column 1 into column 2, Imputed Employment. If column 1 contains a letter, then the lower limit of the employment range of that letter is entered in column 2, as follows: 146 EXHIBIT D.1 Cuwy@tation of Basic E-mPloyment by Industrial Sector Number of ta,,ployees for week Door United States Door County S 1C inzluding County code Industry March 12 u t e d_ Employment Proportion Predicted Basic DOOR Tntal 7 715 Agricultural services, forestry, fisheries (A) 0 265,068 U038 29 C)* Mining (A) 0 826,326 .011B 91 0* Contract construction 374 374 4,129,619 .058B N/C 18* 15 General contractors and operative builders 126 126 1,16@,724 .0166 128 151 General building contractors (B) 20 850,541 .0121 93 16 Heavy construction contractors 51 51 7B8,653 .0112 87 162 Heavy construction, except highway (B) 20 601,506 .0086 66 17 Special trade contractors 197 197 2,157,086 .0307 237 - 171 Plumbing, neating, air conditioning 70 70 469,275 .0067 52 18 Manufacturing 4 080 4 080 20,612,389 .2933 NIC 3311* 20 Food and kindred products 88 BB 1,538,341 .0219 169 - 27 Printing and publishing ro 4 64 1,193,051 .0170 131 - (1) 31 Leather and leather products (C) -100 243,759 .0035 N/A N/A 314 Footwear, except rubber (C) 100 143,905 .0020 N/A N/A (1) 3143 Men's footwear, except athletic (C) 100 54,096 .0008 6 94 (1) 34 Fabricated metal products 331 331 1,621,812 .0231 178 41 (2) 342 Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware (B) 20 171,935 .0024 N/A. N/A (2) 3429 Hardware, nec (B) 20 108,945 .0015 .12 8 346 Metal forgings and stampings (C) 100@ 284,987 .0041 N/A N/A (2) 3469 Metal stampings, nec (C) 100 105,248 .0015 12 88 349 Misc. fabricated metal products (B) 20 207,497 .0038 N/A N/A (2) 3496 Misc. fabricated wire products (B) 20 36,279 .0005 4 16 36 Electric and electronic equipment (F) 500 1,827,937 .0260 N/A N/A 362 Electrical industrial apparatus (F) 500 221,801 .0032 N/A N/A 3621 Motors and generators (F) 500 103,956 .0015 11 489 37 Transporation equipment (if) 2 500 1,863,233 .0265 N/A N/A 373 Ship and boat building and repairing 0 1) 2 500 229,524 .0033 N/A N/A 3731 Ship building and repairing (11) 2 500 175,797 .0025 19 2481 3732 Boat building and repairing (C) 100 53,270 .0008 6 94 Transportation and other public utilities 139 139 4,344,603 .0618 N/C 0* Wholesale trade 207 207 4,837,359 .0688 N/C 0* 50 Wholesale trade-durable goods 114 114 2,703,743 .0385 29@ 50 1,059,755 .0151 116 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 50 1 Wholesale trade-nondurable goods 93 93 1,879,307 .0267 206 - Retail trade 1 530 1 530 14,480,933 .2060 N/C 246 (3) 52 Building materials & garden supplies 122 122 514,401 .0073 56 27 (3) 521 Lumber and other building materials 70 70 278,B24 .0040 31 39 53 General merchandise stores 130 130 1,958,699 .0279 215 - 531 Department stores (13) 20 1,588,438 .0226 174 -(4) 54 Eood stores 243 243 2,072,238 .0295 227 - EXHIBIT D.1 (con't.) Number of employees sic for week Door United States Door County code Industry including County March 12 Input Employment Proportion Predicted BasLz 541 Grocery stores 223 55 223 1,773,761 0252 195 14) Automotive dealers & service stations 233 551 233 J,907,292 0271 209 New and used car dealers 116 1.16 846,206 .0120 93 23 554 Gasoline service stations 95 - 58 85 707,587 .0101 - (4 Eating and drinking places 570 78 570 4,169,770 5812 Eating places .0593 45B 5813 Drinking places 451 451 3,804,948 .0541 41@ 3 .119 119 343,12-1 004S 59 Miscellaneous retail 171 171 1,795,768 38 .0255 197 591 Drug stores and proprietary stores 60 60 471,814 .0067 52 Finance, insurance, and real estate 193 -193 4,871,825 .0693 N /-C 0. 60 Banking (B) 20 -1,357,671 ol93 149 0- 602- Commercial and stock savings banks (B) 20 1,254,647 00 .0178 138 Services 1122 1 122 15,567,801 .2215 N/C @2 70 Hotels and other lodging places 166 166 997,295 .0142 109 (6" 701 Hotels, motels, and tourist courts (c) 100 936,011 .0133 103 72 Personal services 72 72 947,337 .0135 104 80 Health services 537 537 4, 734, 389 .0674 520 801 Offices of physicians 103 103 659,153 .0094 _@Y 1 805 Nursing and personal care facilities (c) 100 870,602 .0124 96 806 Hospitals (E) 250 2,439,947 .0347 269 83 Social services 59 59 891,356 .0127 N /71 ;/A 831 Social services nec 59 59 7ol,115 .0100 77 86 Membership organizations @59 59 1,232,200 .0175 135 89 Miscellaneous service 54 54 751,019 .0107 82 Nonclassifiable establishments 35 35 353, 113 .0050 39 Employment Codes: A:0-19; B:20-99: C:100-249; E:250-499; F:500-999; G:1,000-2499; H:2,500-4,999; 1:51,000-9,999; J:10,000-24.999; K:25,000-49,999; L:50,000-99,999; M:100,000 or more. Footnotes; Total by major industry group, summed over SIC's. N/C- Not computed. Not needed for predicted by industry, if any SIC's are listed. N/A- Not applicable. Where exact employment is not disclosed and a more detailed SIC has the same employment level. See (2) below, (1) For SIC 31 and its subcateaories of 314 and 3143, best estimate of employment is 100, due to disclosure problems. Since mcst detailed SIC has all imp_uted.employment, al-1 basic employment will appear in SIC 3-143, and 31 and 314 do not need to be ccmoumed (2) Actual employment--availab .ie for SIC 34 only of 331 employees. Imputed employment levels for the more detailed catecories'. 3429, 3469 and 3496, only total 140 employees. These three 4-digit SIC's show basic employment of 8,88 and 16, respect @ve.L y, or 112 total basic employment. sic 34 predicts basic employment of 153 or 41 jobs plus the 112 in sic's 3429, 3469 and 349;-. (3) This is similar to problem in (1) above, except that exact employment is disclosed. However, within SIC 52, only 70 of the 122 jobs are allocated to a more detailed SIC. For SIC 521, basic employment is 39, but for SIC 52 in total would be esti- mated as 66 or the 39 shown for SIC 521 and the 27 shown for SIC 52. (4) This is similar to problem in (3) above, except all basic employment is accounted in 3"digit SIC's. For example in SIC 54, only 223 of the 243 jobs shown are allocated to the more detailed SIC 541. SIC 541 ha's basico'employment of 28 (223-195), while based on SIC 54, only 16 basic jobs are estimated. Since -this is less-than for SIC 541, all basic employment is -hown for SIC 541 and no basic employment for SIC 54. This is also true of SIC 55, where the 3-digit SIC's accounting for all basic employment. (5) .This is similar to (3) and (4) above except that SIC's 5812 and 5B13 totally account for employment in SIC 58, i.e., 119 + 451=570. In this instance, there is no need to compute anything for SIC 58, because any basic employment will occur in SIC's 5812 and 5813 which totally account for employment in SIC 58. @61 This problem is the reverse of (4) above. The 3-digit SIC shows no basic employment. However, because 3-aigit sic In does not account for all jobs in SIO-70, computations for SIC 70 show basic employment of 57 jobs. .Sources: Employment for Door County, column 1, and United States, column 3, are taken directly from County Business Patterns, i978, U.S. Department of Commerce. For column 2, employment is imputed for any SIC where exact employment is not disclosed, based on the minimum employment per the letter codes. For example, if employment is "B", then actual employment is between 20 and 99, and imputed employment is shown as 20. Column 4 is computed as column 3 -*. 70,289,236, total U.S. employment. Column 5 is column 4 X 7,715, total employment in Door County. Column 6 is computed as column 1 minus column 5, subject to the footnotes above and any negative numbers are entered as zero. Imputed Letter Employment Range Employment A 0- 19 0 B 20- 99 20 C 100- 249 100 E 250- 499 250 F 500- 999 500 G 1,000- 2,499 1,000 H 2,500- 4,999 2,500 1 5,000- 9,999 5,000 J 10,000-24,999 10,000 K 25,000-49,999 25,000 L 50,000-99,999 50,000 M 100,000 or more 100,000 if this was the only problem, the computations shown for SIC 58 could be completed for all SIC's, using column 2 as actual employment and ignoring column 1. However, for most SIC's, employment at the 2-digit level is not the sum of the 3 or 4-digit SIC's,included in the table, so that some employment is not specifically accounted for. Depending on how many jobs are not allocated to a 3 or 4-digit SIC, this problem is dealt with in one of two ways. 1he first method is illustrated in SIC 70 and its sub-group 701. Basic employment for SIC 701 is computed as zero, at least partially because its employment is imputed as 100. However, this leaves 66 jobs of SIC 70 unaccounted for and when basic employment is computed for SIC 70, 57 basic jobs are revealed (see note (6)). The second method is illustrated by SIC 52 (see note (3)). Computation of basic employment for SIC 521 shows there is basic employment. However, since SIC 521 accounts for only 70 of the 122 jobs of SIC 52, basic employment is then computed for SIC 52 and yields basic employment of 66, or the 27 shown in Table D-1 plus the 39 shown for SIC 521. A similar problem occurs. in SJC 54 and 541. However, basic employment in SIC 541 accounts for all basic employment computed in this SIC group. That is, SIC 541 has basic employment of 28 (223-195) which includes the basic employment of SIC 54 of 16 (243-227) so basic employment for SIC 54 is shown as zero. Computation of basic employment in this case is based on the formula cited above. However, the computation must begin with the most disaggregate industry classification and then work to the more aggregate classifications to insure that all employment has been accounted for. Thus, one first computes basic employment for 4-digit SIC's. Then one computes basic employment for the corresonding 3-digit SIC's and subtracts computed employment for the 4-digit SIC's. Then one computes basic employment for the corrsonding 2-digit SIC and subtracts out 150 basic employment n the 4-digit and 3-digit SIC's to obtain basic employment for 'able D.I. Industry group 34 is a good example of this process. Each 4-digit SIC (3429, 3469 and 3496) shows basic employment. However, the disaggregate groups do not totally account for all employment in SIC 34 due to disclosure problems. Thus basic employment for SIC 34 is 153 (331-178), which appears in Table D.1 as 41 (SIC 34) + 8(SIC 3429) + 88(SIC 3469) + 16(SIC 3496) = 153. After the process has been repeated for each local SIC industry, the results are summed (the "11 numbers in 'able D-1), and all employment is assigned to either the basic or non-basic sector. The economic base multiplier itself is calculated by dividing total employment by basic employment. For the purposes of this analysis, basic and non-basic employment should be summed for each of the major industrial divisions - agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; mining; contract construction; manufacturing; transportation, communications and utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services which will be applied to determine income shares. The next step is to-determine the percentage of basic and non-basic employment in each major industry division for which income data are reported. Major industry divisions and corresponding 2-digit SIC's are: Industry SIC Agriculture .......................................... 01 Agricultural services, forestry and fisheries ........ 07-09 Mining ............................................... 10-14 Contract construction ................................ 15-17 Manufacturing ........................................ 20-39 Transportation, communications, and public utilities .......................................... 40-49 Wholesale and retail rade ............................ 50-59 Finance, insurance, and real estate .................... 60-69 Services ....... .................... ............ 70-89 Government ........................................... - The allocation of employment to the basic and non-basic sectors should be aggregated to correspond to these industry divisions, as noted above. Tlable D-2 is an example of the BEA.income data available for the state and port counties. D.3.2 Computing the Income Multiplier The income multiplier is calculated by determining the basic and non-basic components of personal income by place of residence. First, personal income by place of work is divided acording to the employment data. Income for each major industry division above is divided into basic and non-basic components according to the relative percentage of employment in each sector. For 151 TABLE D.2 COMPUTATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER - ASHLAND Percent Income ($000) Basic Total Basic Labor and Proprietors' Income By Place of Work 45.5 80,466 36,624 Farm , 75.0 1,380 1,035 Manufacturing 69.9 18,227 12,747 Mining 0 0 0 Contract Construction 41.4 4,455 1,844 Agricultural Services, Forestry 0 1/ 0 Wholesale Trade 0 2,609 0 Retail Trade 10.0 8,230 826 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 0 2,077 0 Transportation, Community, Utilities 22.5 9,922 2,232 Services 49.1 22,655 11,114 Federal - Civil and Military 100 2,742 2,742 State and Local Government 50 8,168 4,084 Contributions - Social Insurance 45.5 4,545 2,069 Residence Adjustment 100 -7,712 -7,712 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 10,529 5,265 Transfer Payments 100 25,216 25,216 Total Personal Income 59.1 103,954 61,463 Income Multiplier 1.6914 l/ Less than 50, computes to 1. Source: Attachment 'D-1 152 TABLE D.2 COMPUTATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER - CRAWFORD COUNTY Percent Income ($000) Labor and Proprietors' Income Basic Total Basic By Place of,Work 56-.8 57,390 32,609 Farm 75 12,200 9,150 Manufacturing 76.4 14,028 10,724 Mining 0 (D) 0 Contract Construction 0 1,817 0 Agricultural Sercices, Forestry .0 (D) 1/ 0 Wholesale Trade 7..9 1,496 126 Retail Trade 34.4 8,314 3,204 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 28.0 1,985 556 Transportation, Community, Utilities 0 2,441 2,441 Services 28.3 6,473 1,835 Federal - Civil and Military 100 1,366 1,366 State and Local Government 50 6,414 3,207 Contributions - Social Insurance 56.8 2,603 1,879 Residence Adjustment 100 970 970 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 12,363 6,182 Transfer Payments 100 16,079 16,079 Total Personal Income 68.1 84,199 57,319 Income Multiplier 1.47 1/ (D) total is $756,000. Source: Attachment D-1 153 TABLE D.2 COMPUTATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER DOOR DOUNTY Percent Income ($000) Basic Total Basic Labor and Proprietors' Income By Place of Work 52.5 130,794 68,719 Farm 75 12,557 9,418 Manufacturing 81.2 58,217 47,244 Mining 0 645 0 Contract Construction 7.8 6,476 502 Agricultural Services, Forestry 0 924 0 Wholesale Trade 0 3,311 0 Retail Trade 16.1 15,004 2,412 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 0 2,508 0 Transportation, Community, Utilities 0 3,435 0 Services 7.8 14,685 1,152 Federal - Civil and Military 100 3,021 3,021 State and Local Goverment 50 9,939 4,970 Contributions - Social Insurance 52.5 6,398 3,362 Residence Adjustment 100 -2,689 -2,689 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 31,029 15,515 Transfer Payments 100 24,375 24,375 Total Personal Income 61.7 177,111 109,282 Income Multiplier 1.62 Source: Attachment D-1 154 TABLE D.2 COMPUTATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER - DOUGLAS COUNTY Present Income ($000) Labor and Proprietors' Income Basic Total Basic By Place of Work 41.8 208,594 87,180 Farm 75 2,478 1,859 Manufacturing 56.8 27,578 15,673 Mining 0 (L) 0 Contract Construction 33.3 12,067 4,016 Agricultural Services, Forestry 0 169 l/ 0 Wholesale Trade 63.0 (D)-16,115- 10,159 Retail Trade 48.3 22,306 2/ 10,776 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 9.5 (D)-5,412- 513 Transportation, Community, Utilities 24.4 57,340 l/ 13,988 Services 33.0 (D)-23,823- 7,859 Federal - Civil and Military 100 3,214 3,214 State and Local Goverment 50 38,083 19,042 Contributions - Social Insurance. 41.8 11,883 4,962 Residence Adjustment 100 13,845 13,845 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 29,248 14,624 Transfer Payments 100 50,972 50,972 Total Personal Income 55.6 290,776 161,659 ncome Multiplier 1.80 1/ 1977 income iDlus 1979 income 2, 1978 values were not disclosed. 2/ Residual, 1977, 1978 and 1979 values not disclosed. (L) Less than 50.- Source: Attachment D-1. 155 TABLE D.2 COMPUTATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER - KENOSHA COUNTY Percent Income ($000) Basic Total Basic Labor and Proprietors' Income By Place of Work 42.2 699,802 295,145 Farm 75.0 8,816 6,612 Manufacturing 55.1 372,702 205,432 Mining N/A (D) 0 Contract Construction 14.4 53,108 7,674 Agricultural Services, Forestry N/A (D) 0 Wholesale Trade 21.3 17,104 3,635 Retail Trade 16.2 57,732 9,339 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 6.9 13,591 937 Transportation, Community, Utilities 18.7 29,166 5,465 Services 34.0 78,255 26,606 Federal - Civil and Military 100 5,437 5,437 State and Local Government 50 61,239 30,620 Contributions - Social Insurance 42.2 36,134 -15,240 Residence Adjustment 100 110,020 110,020 Dividends, Inrerest, Rent 50 100,244 50,122 Transfer Payments 100 119,311 119,311 Total Personal Income 993,243 559,358 Income Multiplier 1.78 (1) Not Disclosed. Source: Attachment D-1 156 TABLE D.2 CALCULATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER - LACROSSE COUNTY Percent Income 000) Basic Total Basic Labor and Proprietors' Income By Place of Work 38.0 543,008 206,092 Farm 75.0 14,240 10,680 Manufacturing 52.9 159,401 84,309 Mining 0 110 0 Contract Construction 14.3 36,860 5,259 Agricultural Services, Forrestry 0 1,049 0 Wholesale Trade 31.3 42,569 13,344 Retail Trade 24.5 65,492 16,013 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 0 14,961 0 Transportation, Community, Utilities 9.8 43,398 4,259 Services 35.6 99,087 35,310 Federal - Civil and Military 100 7,995 7,995 State and Local Government 50 57,846 28,923 Contributions - Social Insurance 38.0 28,963 10,993 Residence Adjustement 100 -45,336 -45,336 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 82,075 41,038 Transfer Payments 100 80,913 80,913 Total Personal Income 46.5 631,697 293,700 Income Multiplier 2.15 Source: Attachment D-1. 157 TABLE D.2 COMPUTATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER MARINETTE Precent Income ($000) Basic Total Basic Labor and Proprietors' Income By Place of Work 55.5 202,917 112,678 Farm 75 11,216 8,412 Manufacturing 74.2 113,865 84,489 mining 95.0 12 1/ 11 Contract Construction 4.0 4,315 173 Agricultural Services, Forestry 0 510 0 Wholesale Trade 27.8 6,819 1,899 Retail Trade 11.0 19,315 2,127 Finance, Communities, Utilities 0 4,348 0 Transportation, Community, Utilities 18.1 6,628 1,203 Services 15.8 14,048 2,216 Federal - Civil and Military 100 2,454 2,454 State and Local Goverment 50 19,387 9,694 Contributions - Social Insurance 55.5 10,503 5,832 Residence Adjustment 100 -24,176 -24,176 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 28,179 14,090 Transfer Payments 1010 43,916 43,179 Total Personal Income 63.1 240,333 151,603 Income Multiplier 1.59 1/ Less than 50, not disclosed, computes to 12. Source: Attachment D-1 TABLE D.2 CALCULATION OF INCOME MULTIPLIER - SHEBOYGAN COUNTY Percent Income ($000) Labor and Prop rietors' income Basic Total Basic -By.Place of Work 42.7 629,613 269,029 Farm 75 25,294 18,971 Manufacturing 62.6 300,835 188,178 Mining 0 233 0 Contract Construction 13.9 38,231 5,311 Agricultural Services, Forestry 0 1,174 0 Wholesale Trade 19.6 28,780 5,628 Retail Trade 12.2 53,981 6,560 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 0 22,070 1 0 Transportation, Community, Utilities 12.4 23,831 2,945 Services 8.5 71,801 6,111 Federal - Civil and Military 100 6,267 6,267 State and Local Government 50 58,116 29,058 Contributions - Social Insurance 42*7 32,449 13,865 Residence Adjustment 100 -543 -543 Dividends, Interest, Rent 50 107,398 53,699 Transfer Payments 100 87,198 87,198 Total Personal Income 53,5 791,217 423,248 Income Multiplier 1.87 Source: Attachment D--1 159 WIMIMM010110MMIMM WWI*- TABLE D.2 Calculation of Income Multiplier for State of Wisconsin Percent Income (0001 . (1) (2) Basic Total Labor and Proprietors' Income by Place of Work 34.03 27,316,796 Farm 75.00 1,103,392 Manufacturing 53.07 9,807,843 Mining 9.01 48,887 Contract Construction 3.68 1,605,182 Agricultural Services, Forestry 16.02 81,666 Wholesale Trade 10.62 1,554,280 Retail Trade 7.44 2,668,137 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 6.42 1,315,173 C) Transportation, Communication, and Utilities 9.49 1,647,497 Services 12.96 3,837,944 Other Federal Civilian and Military 100 521,425 State and Local Governmert.ti 50 3,125,370 Contributions for Social Insurance 34.03 (1,397,643) Residence Adjustment 100 421,810 Dividends, Interest, and Rent 50 4,498,609 Transfer Payments 100 4,349,641 Total Personal Income 35,191,213 Income Multiplier (1) Computed from Table D-1. (2) Source: Attachment D-1. 1(3) Column 2 times Column 1. example, Table D.1 shows 4080 jobs in manufacturing of which 3311 are basic employment in Door County, or 81.2 percent of manufacturing income is basic employment. Since farm and government emplyment are not covered in the County Business Patterns data, income for these industries is treated separately. Farm activity (and income) tends to be basic; it is reasonable to assume that at least 75 percent of total farm income is basic income. This figure is consistent with data on exports and domestic consumption of food products. Federal Government, civilian and military income is generally considered completely basic, although a small portion of federal income, related to such things as the postal service, could be considered non-basic. State and local government income can 'be split equally between the basic and non-basic sectors. 'he sum L of basic and non-basic income for all industries is labor and proprietaryincome by place. of work. The remaining elements of the personal income by place of residence calculation are divided according to the asumptions detailed below. Personal contributions for social insuarance are divided in the same proportion as labor and proprietors' income. The residence adjustment, which accounts for people who live and work in different counties, is basic income. Dividends, interest, and rent are derived from both local and non-local sources, and are considered 50 percent basic and 50 percent non-basic. Transfer payments represent monies paid to individuals by federal and state government (social security, welfare, etc.) and thus should be considered basic. The sum of these four components plus labor and proprietary income is total personal income by place of residence. The income multiplier is calculated by dividing total income by basic income. For each area the entire process is-shown in Table D.2. Table D.3 shows the income multipliers for each port region based on 1978 data. D.4 Effect on Sales The next step is to develop a parameter -to relate the income changes to the@incrzeased sales necessaryto support this income change. 'he means for making this comparison is the development of sales/income ratio which will convert the income change in changes in sales. The methodology described below is based on the limited published data, money, and time available to most applicants. Information to calculate payroll/sales ratios for.individual counties is published in the census of business (construction industries, manufacturers, retail trade, wholesale trade, selected services, and transportation) conducted every five years. The collection of data from the different censi for two or more years at the county level is difficult except for transportation and construction which are not available by county. 161 TABLE D.3 Income Multipliers Area Multiplier State of Wisconsin 2.22 Milwaukee SMSA 2.28 Milwaukee County 2.82 Kenosha County 1.78 Manitowoc County 1.99 Marinette County i.59 Crawford County 1.47 Sheboygan County 1.87 Door County 1.62 Ashland County 1.69 LaCrosse County 2.15 Douglas County 1.80 Source: Table D.2. 162 Table D-4 shows sales and payroll data for 1978 taken from the census. Sales are then divided by the payroll to obtain a sales/income ratio by industry. Because not all industry categories are available, the multipliers are weighted by state personal income by industrial sector. Income for available industries is summed and then normalized, i.e., industry income divided by total income. The sales/income ratio is then multiplied by the normalized income for each industry. The sum of these computations is the sales/income ratio for the area. (While this method does not cover all industries, the industries in Table D.4 cover about 90 percent of non- overnment labor and proprietary income.) Table D-5 shows salesMcome ratios for selected areas in the state. Collection of data from the various census can be a rather tedious task and the census are not always readily available. An alternative method of computation is shown in Table D.6- The method is conceptually the same as that shown above. The difference is the use of national level data that is readily available for manufacturing, construction and trade sectors from the Survey of Current Business . This method is not recommended except in cases where the census are not available or large areas are being analyzed. (At the county level, this method can be quite inaccurate and must be used with a great deal of caution.) D-5 Employment Impact The next step is to determine the employment parameters associated with income changes. The method for determining the employment impact is to develop employment/income ratios. These are then applied to the income impacts from Step 15 to determine employment impacts. Two alternative methods of computing employment/income ratios are presented. The preferred method of computing the employment/income relationship is via the use of the various business censi. Each census contains data by county, on payrolls and employment. Dividing total--payrolls by employment yi'elds the average yearly wage per employee. For a variety of reasons, this figure must be adjusted to obtain a realistic estimate of the annual wage. The first adjustment results from the fact that the data is for 1977 so that wage increases must be accounted for. While implicit wage deflators are not always readily available, the Survey of Current Business contains implicit price deflators by industrial secotr. (Table 7.10 for agriculture and Table 7.22 for other sectors of the National Income and Product Accounts.) The adjustment shown in Table D-7 is the increase in the implicit price deflator from 1977 to 1978. 163 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier Ashland County Sales Industry sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 4,566,000 266,000 17.165 Constructionl/ N/A N/A 3.903 Manufacturing 68,900,000 13,300,000 5.180 Transportationl/ N/A NJA 3.375 Wholesale Trade 17,066,000 940,000 18.155 Retail Trade 54,473,000 5,956,000 9.146 Services 4,101,000 1,148,000 3.572 Personal Income Industry 000's $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 1,380 .020 .343 Construction 4,455 .066 .258 Manufacturing 18,227 .270 1.399 Transportation 9,922 .147 .496 Wholesale Trade 2,609 .039 .708 Retail Trade 8,230 .122 1.116 Services 22,655 .336 1.200 TOTAL 67,478 1.000 5.52 l/ For State of Wisconsin, county number not available. Sources on Page 164 TA13LE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier - Crawford County Sales/ Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 32,632,000 1,565,000 20.85 Constructioni/ N/A N/A 3.903 Manufacturing 1,414,200,000 265,500,000 5.35 Transportationi/ N/A N/A 3.375 Wholesale Trade 20,958,000 1,711,000 12.25 Retail Trade 45,555,000 5,006,000 9.10 Services 4,154,000 920,000 4.52 Personal Income Industry 000's $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 12,200 .260 5.421 Construction 1,817 .039 .152 Manufacturing 14,028 .299 1.599 Transportation 2,441 .052 .178 Wholesale Trade 1,596 .034 .416 Retail Trade 8,314 .178 1.620 Services 6,473 .138 .623 TOTAL 46,869 1.000 10.009 Sources on Page 174, 165 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier - Door County Sales/ Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 28,585,000 2,343,000 12.200 Construction 1/ N/A N/A 3.903 Manufacturing 207,100,000 39,200,000 5.283 Transportation l/ N/A N/A 3.375 Wholesale Trade 23,516,000 1,934,000 12.159 Retail Trade 76,062,000 9,101,000 8.358 Services 12,634,000 3,312,000 3.815 Personal Income Industry 000's $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 12,557 .111 1.354 Construction 6,476 .057 .222 Manufacturing 58,217 .512 2.705 Transportation 3,435 .030 .101 Wholesale Trade 3,311 .029 .353 Retail Trade 15,004 .132 1.103 Services 14,685 .129 .492 TOTAL 113,685 1.000 6.33 Sources on Page 1.74, 166 TABLE D-4 Compuration of Sales Multiplier - Douglas County Sales/ Industry Sales- +- Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 5,692,000 306,000 18.601 Construction.IJ 4,362,260 1,117,593 3.903 manufacturing 258,300,000 12,500,000 20.664 Transportationl/ 307,503,000 91,114,000 3.375 wholesale Trade 452,445,000 11,328,000 39.940 Retail Trade 890,197,000 111,672,000 7.972 Services 12,002,000 3,822,000 3.140 Personal Income Industry 000's Normalized Ratio Agriculture 2,478 .015 .287 Construction 12,067 .075 .293 Manufac turing 27,578 .172 3.547 Transportation 57,340 .357 1.205 Wholesale Trade 16,991 .106 4.224 Retail Trade 22,306 .139 1.107 Services 21,888 .136 TOTAL 160,648 1.000 10.663 Sources on Page 174, 167 TABLE D-4 Computation of ales Multiplier - Kenosha County sales/ Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 27,543,000 2,408,000 11.438 Constructionl/ 4,362,000 1,117,593 3.903 Manufacturing 1,480,300,000 246,200,000 6.013 TransportationY 307,503,000 91,114,1000 3.375 Wholesale Trade 175,292,000 13,814,000 12.689 Retail Trade 331,930,000 43,469,000 7.636 Services 30,318,000 9,435,000 3.213 Personal Income Industry 000ts $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 8,816 .014 .163 Cons,truction 53,108 .086 .336 Manufacturing 372,702 .604 3.633 Transportation 29,166 .047 .160 Wholesale Trade 17,104 .028 .352 Retail Trade 57,732 .094 .715 Services 78,255 .127 .408 TOTAL 616,883 1.000 5.767 Sources on Page 174. 168 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier - LaCrosse County sales/ Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture' 33,938,000 1,806,000 18.792 Construction-Y N/A N/A 3.903 Manufacturing 467,300,000 111,800,000 4.180 Transportation-Y N/A N/A 3.375 Wholesale Trade 428,476,000 28,561,000 15.002 Retail Trade 347,114,000 45,012,000 5.490 Services 53,723,000 16,086,000 3.340 Personal Income Industry .000IS $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 14,240 .031 .583 Construction 36,300 .080 .312 Manufacturing 159,401 .346 1.446 Transportation 43,398 .094 .317 Wholesale Trade 42,569 .092 1.380 Retail Trade 65,492 .142 .780 Services 99,087 .215 .718 TOTAL 461,047 1.000 5.536 Sources on Page-174- 169 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier Manitowoc County Sales/ Industry Sales 4: Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 73,527,000 4,261,000 17.25 Constructionij 4,362,260,000 1,117,593,000 3.903 Manufacturing 756,800,000 167,700,000 4.513 Transportatio,al-i 307,503,000 91,114,000 3.375 Wholesale Trade 163,479,000 11,249,000 14.333 Retail Sales 207,973,000 25,029,000 8.309 Services 19,333,000 5,799,000 3.334 Personal Income Industry 0001s $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 32,074 .084 1.441 Construction 22,618 .059 .230 Manufacturing 216,826 .565 2.548 Transportation 14,794 .039 .130 Wholesale Trade 16,627 .043 .629 Retail Trade 38,389 .100 .831 Services 42,676 .111 .371 TOTAL 384,004 1.000 6.180 Sources on Page 1.74- 170 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier - Marinette County Sales/ Industry Sales + Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 21,439,000 768,000 27.915 Construct-ion l/ N/A N/A 3.903 Manufacturing l/ 408,900,000 79,900,000 5.118 Transportation - N/A N/A 3.375 Wholesale Trade 67,317,000 4,148,000 16.229 Retail Trade 101,129,000 12,293,000 8.227 Services 7,680,000 2,217,000 3.464 Personal Income Industry 000's $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 11,216 .063 1.759 Construction 4,315 .024 .094 Manufacturing 113,765 .646 3.306 Transportation 6,628 .038 .128 Wholesale Trade 6,819 .039 .633 Retail Trade 19,315 .110 .905 Services 14,048 .080 .277 TOTAL 176,206 1.000 7.102 Sources on Page 1.74- 171 TABLE D-4 Computation of Sales Multiplier - Milwaukee SMSA Sales/ Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 107,702,000 7,732,000 13.923 Constructioni/ 4,362,260,000 1,117,593,000 3.903 Manufacturing 12,554,300,000 3,042,500,000 4.126 Transportatiolil/ 307,503,000 91,114,000 3.375 Wholesale Trade 9,868,487,000 493F142,000 20.011 Retail Trade 4,679,786,000 624,452,000 6.822 Services 1,072,824,000 386,591,000 2.775 Personal Income Industry 000's $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 35,393 .004 .058 Construction 579,843 .068 .226 Manufacturing 3,993,930 .470 1.940 Transportation 658,143 .077 .261 Wholesale Trade 702,384 .083 1.655 Retail Trade 884,516 .104 .710 Services 1,641,181 .193 .536 TOTAL 8,494,590 1.000 5.386 Sources on Page 174. 172 TABLE D-4 Calculation of Sales multiplier - Sheboygan County Sales Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 57,220,000 2,672,000 21.415 Construct-ioni/ N/A N/A 3.903 Manufacturing 1,121,000,000 222,500,000 5.038 Transportationi/ N/A N/A 3.375 Wholesale Trade 357,639,000 17,049,000 20.977 Retail Trade 278,288,000 36,844,000 7.553 Services 44,155,000 14,907,000 2.962 Personal Income Industry 000's $ Normalized Ratio Agriculture 25,294 .051 1.092 Construction 38,231 .078 * 304 Manufacturing 300,835 .610 3.073 Transportation 23,831 .048 .162 Wholesale Trade 28,780 .058 1.217 Retail Trade 53,981 .110 .831 Services 22,070 .045 .133 Total 493,022 1.000 6.812 Sources on Page 174. 173 TABLE D-4 Computation of State Sales Multiplier (000's $) (3) (1) (2) Sales/ Industry Sales Payroll Payroll Ratio Agriculture 3,467,821 181,680 19.088 Construction 4,362,260 1,117,593 3.903 Manufacturing 38,725,300 7,317,800 5.292 Transportation 307,503 91,114 3.375 Wholesale Trade 19,648,057 1,111,980 17-669 Retail Trade 14,427,034 1,788,047 8.069 Services 2,307,897 792,707 2,911 (4) Personal Income (5) (6) Industry 000's @' Normalized Ratio Agriculture 1,103,392 .050 .948 Construction 1,605,182 .072 .282 Manufacturing 9,807,843 .441 2.335 Transportation 1,649,497 .074 .250 Wholesale Trade 1,554,280 .070 1.236 Retail Trade 2,668,137 .120 .969 Services -3,837,944 .173 .503 TOTAL 22,226,275 1.000 6.E523 (1) Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Mapufacturing, of Transportation, of-Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade, of Construction, and of Services. (2) Source: Same as (1). (3) Column (1) divided by Column (2). (4) Source: Local Area Personal Income, 1974-79, Attachment D-1. (5) Column (4) divided by total of Column (4), i.e., .050= 1,10 3,392 22,226,275 (6) Column (5) times Column (3). 174 TABLE D-5 Sales/Income Ratios Area Ratio State 6.523 Manitowoc County 6.180 Crawford County 10.009 Kenosha County 5.767 Sheboygan County 6.812 Milwaukee SMSA 5.386 Door County 6.330 Douglas County 10.663 Ashland County 5.520 Milwaukee County 5.438 Marinette County 7.102 Racine County 5.469 Lacrosse County 5.536 Source: Table D-4 175 TABLE D-6 ALTERNATIVE COMPUTATION OF SALES/INCOME MULTIPLIERS Sales 1) Employment 1) Sales/Income Industry (Millions of $'s) Persons (000's $) Hourly Wage Ratio2) Manufacturing Durables 798,057 12,274 $6.58 4.75 Non-durables 698,515 8,231 5.53 7.38 Retail Sales 14,573 4.20 6.29 Wholesale Trade 754,105 4,969 5.88 12.41 Construction 205,457 4,229 8.66 2.70 Personal Income Weighted 4) Industry (0oo.'s s)-3) Normalized Sales/Income Ratio Manufacturing Durables 6,667,127 42.6 2.025 Non-durables 3,140,716 20.1 1.482 Retail Sales 2,668,137 17.1 1.073 Wholesale Sales 1,554,280 9.9 1.234 Construction 1,605,182 10.3 .277 TOTAL ,15,635,442 100.0 6.091 1) Source: Survey of Cur rent Business, July 1080. 2) Sales divided by (Persons x hourly wage x 2080 hours/year total wage bill). 3) Source: Attachment D-1. 4) Sales/income ratio times normalized income. 176 D.5-1 full-Time Equivalent Employment The second adjustment results from under-employment, i.e. part-time workers, in several sectors. National data on hours worked per week by sector for 1978 were taken from the Survey of Current Business . The adjustment shown in Table D-7 is 40 hours divided by hours worked per week. This adjustment is to obtain yearly wages on the basis of full-time jobs rather than number of employees. (Data was not available for agriculture, so no adjustment was made. In port counties, agricultural income is so small that any adjustment would have a negligible impact.) The last adjustment is the normalization of income for the sectors for which data is available, as explained earlier. Multiplying the payroll/employment ratio by the inflation, hours and income normalization factors, and then summing across industries yields the average yearly wage for an average employee in the area. D.5.2 Annual Wage Per Full-Time Equivalent Worker Because the basic data in Table D.7 is per employee, whereas the changes in income are for both labor and proprietary income, one additional adjustment is made in Table D.8. The average yearly wage is increased by the ratio of labor and proprietary income to labor income. This data is taken from Local Area Personal Income for 1978 (Attachment D.1). The result is a yearly wage per worker that is comparable to the personal income multipliers computed earlier. As noted, the various censi are not always readily available. In this instance, it may be necessary to combine several sources of data on employment and payrolls. One source would be the basic employment form utilized for income multipliers, which also includes payroll information. At the county level, this information is not always fully disclosed, so that some supplemental data might be needed. For example, the national level data from the Survey of Current Business might be used for some industries. Generally, this method would use whatever data sources on employm4nt and payrolls are available, including Tnry available census, County Business Patterns , the Survey of Current Business and any studies of the local area. Implementation of this method would follow the format in Table D.7, but would use whatever data sources can be readily obtained. D.6 Tax Impact Parameters 'The next step is to determine effective tax rates. Ratio analysis can be used to determine federal and state income taxes, federal contributions for social insurance funds and sales tax impacts. 177 COMPUTATIO TABLE D-7 N OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE ASHLAND COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 266,000 253 1,051 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 13,300,000 1,400 9,500 Transportation N/Al) N/Al.) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 940,000 95 9,895 Retail Trade 5,956,000 918 6,488 Services 1,148,000 170 6,753 Personal Income (000's $) Normalized Agriculture 1,380 .020 Constructgion 4,455 .066 Manufacturing 18,227 .270 Transportation 9,922 .147 Wholesale Trade 2,609 .039 Retail Trade 8,230 .122 Services 22,655 .336 Sum 67,478 1.000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 1,051 1.135 1.000 .020 23.87 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .066 1,077.25 Manufacturing 9,500 1.065 .990 .270 2,704.41 Transportation 10,938 1.054 1.000 .147 1,694.74 Wholesale Trade 9,1395 1.045 1.018 .039 4 1TY. 5 2 Retail Trade 6,488 1.054 1.290 .122 1,076.22 Services 6,753 1.071 1.220 .336 2,964.71 1,000 9,951.69 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, cf Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 178 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE CRAWFORD COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture $ 1,565,000 2,641 593 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 264,500,000 18,200 14,533 Transportation N/Al) N/A 1) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 1,711,000 185 9,249 Retail Trade 5,006,000 860 5,821 Services 920,000 162 5,679 Personal Income (000's $) Normalized Agriculture 12,200 .260 Construction 1,817 .039 Manufacturing 14,028 .299 Transportation 2,441 .052 wholesale Trade 1,596 .034 Retail Trade 8,314 .178 Services 6,473 .138 Sum -Z6,869 1.000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 593 1.135 1.000 .260 174.99 Construction 13,B52 1.084 1.087 .039 636.55 14,533 1.065 .990 .299 4,-m Manufacturing 581 " 54 Transportation 10,938 1.054 1.000 .052 599.49 Wholesale Trade 9,249 1.045 1.018 .034 334.53 Retail Trade 5,821 1.054 1.290 .178 1,408.80 Services 5,679 1.071 1.220 .138 1,024.00 1.000 8,759.90 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source; 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, ot Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 179 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE DOOR COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 2,343,000 ,2,756 850 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 39,200,000 3,500 11,200 Transportation N/Al) N/Al) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 1,934,000 196 9,867 Retail Trade 9,101,000 1,377 6,609 Services 3,312,000 387 8,558 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 12,557 .111 Construction 6,476 .057 Manufacturing 58,217 .512 Transportation 3,435 .030 Wholesale Trade 3,311 .029 Retail Trade 15,004 .132 Services 14,685 .129 Sum 113,685 1.000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 850 1*135 1,000 111 107*11 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 o5-7 930.35 Manufacturing 11,200 1.065 .990 .512 6,046.06 Transportation _10'9B8 1.0541 1.000 .030 '[email protected] Wholesale Trade 9,867 1.045 1.018 .129 304.41 Retail Trade 6,609 1.054 1.290 .132 l,186.20 Services 8,558 1.071 1.220 .129 1,442.51 1.000 10,362.50 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale-Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 180 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE DOUGLAS COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 306,000 560 546 Construction N/Al) NJA1) 13,8521) Manufacturing 12,500,000 1,000 12,500 Transportation N/Al) NJA1) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 11,328,000 771 14,693 Retail Trade 111,672fOOO 18,747 5,957 .Services 3,822,000 650 5,880 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 2,478 .015 Construction 12,067 .075 Manufacturing 27,578 .172 Transportation 57,340 .357 Wholesale Trade 16,991 .106 Retail Trade 22,306 .139 Services -21,888 .136 Sum 160,648 1-ODD Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 546 1.135 1.000 .015 9.57 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .075 1,226.01 Manufacturing 12, 500 1.065 -990 .172 2,462.47 Transportation 10,938 1.054 1.@boo .357 4,114.91 Wholesale Trade 14,693 1.045 1.018 .106 1,653.13 Retail Trade 5,957 1.054 1.290 .139 1,124.58 Services 5,880 1*071 1*220 -1,017,46 1.000 11,408.00 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale- Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 181 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE KENOSHA COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 2,408,000 1,605, 1,500 Construction N/Al) N/A-L) 13,8521) Manufacturing 246,200,000. 17,700 13,910 1) Transportation N/Al-) N/A 10,938 Wholesale Trade 13,814,000 1,143 12,086 Retail Trade 43,469,000 7,146 6,063 Services 9,435,000 1,645 5,736 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 8,816 .014 Construction 53,108 .086 Manufacturing 372,702 .604 Transportation 29,166 .047 Wholesale Trade 17,104 .028 Retail Trade 57,732 .094 Services -78,255 .127 sum 616,883 1.000 Times P/E inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 1,500 1.135 1.000 .014 23.84 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .086 1,403.69 Manufacturing 13,940 1.065 .990 .604 8,733.50 Transportation 10,938 1,054 1,000 .047 741.85 Wholesale Trade 12,086 1.045 1.018 .028 359.99 Retail Trade 6,063 1.054 1.290 .094 774.96 Services 5,736 1.071 1.220 .127 950.67 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. 1.000 12,917.00 Source:' 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 182 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE LACROSSE COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 1,806,000 1,381 1 308 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 111,800,000 9,400 11,894 Transportation N/Al) N/Al) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 28,561,000 2,248 12,705 Retail Trade 45,012,000 8,025 5,609 Services 16,086,000 2,416 6,658 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 14,240 .031 Construction 36,860 .080 Manufacturing 159,401 .346 Transportation 43,398 .094 Wholesale Trade 42,569 .092 Retail Trade 65,492 .142 Services -99,087 .215 Sum 461,047 1-000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 1,308 1.135 1.000 .031 46.01 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .080 1,305.75 Manufacturing 11,894 1.065 .990 .346 4,338-85 "U83.69 Transportation 10,938 2.054 1.000 .094 1, Wholesale Trade 12,705 1.045 1.018 .092 1,243.45 Retail Trade 5,609 1.054 1.290 .142 1,082.93 services 6,658 1.071 1.220 .215 1,870.42 1.000 10,971-10 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 183 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE MANITOWOC COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 4,261,000 3,044 1,400 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 167,700,000 80,680 11,408 Transportation N/Al) N/A 1) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 11,249,boo 1,149 14,694 Retail Trade 25,029,000 4,442 5,635 Services 5,799,000 1,077 @5,384 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 32,074 .084 Construction 22,618 .059 Manufacturing 216,826 .565 Transportation 14,794 .039 Wholesale Trade 16,627 .043 Retail Trade 38,389 .100 Serv'ices 42,676 .111 Sum 384,004 1.000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment -Normalized Salary Agriculture 1,400 1.135 1.000 .084 116.9 2 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .059 961.37 Manufacturing 11,4,08 1.065 .990 .565 6,791.66 Transportation 10,938 1.054 1.-000 .039 444.13 Wholesale Trade 14,694 1.045 1.018 .043 456.12 Retail Trade 5,635 1.054 1.290 .100 765.90 Services 5,384 1.071 1.220 .111 781-98 1.000 10,318.00 11 For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available- Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, -of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, (-f Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 184 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE MARINETTE COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture $ 768,000 1,353 568 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 79,900,000 6,400 12,484 Transportation N/Al) N/Al) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 4,148,000 448 9,259 Retail Trade 12,293,000 2,224 5,527 Services 2,217,000 380 5,834 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 11,216 .063 Construction 4,315 .024 manufacturing 113,865 .646 Transportation 6,628 .038 Wholesale Trade 6,819 .039 Retail Trade 19,315 .110 services 14,048 .080 Sum 176,206 1.000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 568 1.135 1.000 .063 40.59 Construction 12,852 1.084 1.087 .024 391.73 Manufacturing 13,484 1.065 .990 .646 8502.98 Transportation 10'9@8 1.054 1.000 .038 138.09 Wholesale Trade 9,259 1.045 1.018 .039 384.14 Retail Trade 5,527 1.054 1.290 .110 826.70 Services 5,834 1.071 1.220 .080 609.85 1.000 11,194,08 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 185 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE MILWAUKEE SMSA Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 7,732,000 6,093 1,269 onstruction N/Al) N/A) 13,8921) Manufacturing 3,042,500,000 204,100 14,907 1) 10,9381) Transportation N/A N/Al) Wholesale Trade 493,142,000 33,665 14,649 Retail Trade 624,452,000 100,204 6,232 Services 386,571,000 47,271 8,178 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 35,393 .004 Construction 579,843 .068 Manufacturing 3,993,930 .470 Transportation 658,143 .077 Wholesale Trade 702,384 .083 Retail Trade 884,516 .104 Services 1,641,181 .193 Sum'@- 8,494,590 1.000 Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 1,269 1.135 1.000 .004 59.92 Construction 13,892 1.084 1.087 .068 1,114.14 Manufacturing 14,907 1.065 .9@o .470 7,389.81 Transportation 10, g3a 1.054 1.obo .077 893.22 Wholesale Trade 14,649 1.045 1.018 .083 1,288.92 Retail Trade 6,232 1.054 1.290 .104 882.31 services 8,178 1.071 1.220 .193 2,063.99 1.000 131692.00 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available, Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of .Transportation, of Whclesale-Trade, of Retail Trade and cf Services. 186 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE SHEBOYGAN COUNTY Payroll/Employment Payroll Employment Ratio Agriculture 2,672,000 2,274 1,175 Construction N/Al) N/Al) 13,8521) Manufacturing 222,500,000 17,400 12,787 Transportation N/Al) N/Al) 10,9381) Wholesale Trade 17,049,000 1,551 10,992 Retail Trade 36,844,000 6,217 5,926 Services 14,907,000 1,853 8,045 Personal Income (000's $ Normalized Agriculture 25,294 .051 Construction 38,231 .078 Manufacturing 300,835 .610 Transportation 23,831 .048 Wholesale Trade 28,780 .058 Retail Trade 53,981 .110 ervices -22,070 .045 Sum 493,022 1.000 S Times P/E Inflation Times Hrs. Times Average Ratio Adjustment Adjustment Normalized Salary Agriculture 1,175 1.135 1.000 .051 68.02 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .078 101.90 Manufacturing 12,787 1.065 -9@@o .610 8,224.23 Transportation -.10,938 1.054 1.060 .048 553.38 Wholesale Trade 10,992 1.045 1.018 .58 678.23 Retail Trade 5,926 1.054 1.290 .110 886.36 Services 8,045 1.071 1.220 .045 473.02 1.000 10,985.14 1) For State of Wisconsin, county numbers not available. Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale- Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services. 187 TABLE D-7 COMPUTATION OF AVERAGE WAGE PER EMPLOYEE - STATE OF WISCONSIN 1) 1) Payroll/Employment Industry Payroll Employment Ratio A-qriculture $ 181,680,000 165,838 $ 1,098 Construction 1,117,593,000 80,680 13,852 Manufacturing 7,317,800,000 535,000 13,678 Transportation 91,114,000 8,330 10,938 Wholesale Trade 1,111,980,000 86,408 12,869 Retail Trade 1,788,047,000 300,152 5,957 Services 792,207,000 106,625 7,430 2) PERSONAL INCOME industry (000's $) Normalized Agriculture 1,103,392 .050 %@@'Alstructioa 1,605,182 .072 Manufacturing 8,807,843 .441 Transportation 1,649,497 .074 Wholesale Trade 1,554,280 .070 Retail Trade- 2,668,137 .120 [email protected] 3,837,944 .173 sum 21.,226,,,275 1.@000 P/E Times3) Times4) X Normalized Equals Weighted Industry Ratio Inflation Adj. Hrs. Adj. Income Salary Agriculture 1,096 1.135 1 .050 $ 62.20 Construction 13,852 1.084 1.087 .072 1173.02 ,i-nufacturing 13,678 1.065 .990 .441 6359.84 Transportation 10,938 1.054 1 .074 853.12 Wholesale Trade 12,869 1.045 1.018 .070 958.31 Retail Trade 5,957 1,054 1.290 .120 971.94 Services 7,430 1.071 1.220 .173 1679.52 12-.Q68-00 1) Source: 1977 Census of Agriculture, of Manufacturing, of Construction, of Transportation, of Wholesale Trade, of Retail Trade and of Services 2) Attachment D-1. 3) Ratio of 1978 to 1977 Implicit Price Deflator for Gross Domestic Product from National Income and Product Accounts, Tables 7.10 and 7.22. 4) Hours per week from Survey of Current Business divided by 40 hours per week. 188 TABLE D-8 WAGE PER WORKER BY AREA Average 1978 Yearly Wage Propriatary Wage Area Per Employee X Income Adj.l) Per Worker Ashland County 9,952 1.192 $11,863 State 12,068 1.216 14,677 Milwaukee County 13,853 1.155 16,006 Douglas County 11,408 1.167 13,309 Racine County 12,798 1.179 15,093 Kenosha County 12,917 1.223 15,794 Manitowoc County 10,318 1.272 13,127 Milwaukee SMSA 13,692 1.168 15,993 LaCrosse County 10,971 1.191 13,066 Sheboygan County 10,985 1.206 13,248 Crawford County 8,760 1.502 13,158 Door County 10,363 1.338 13,866 Marinette County 11,914 1.254 14,037 1) Adjustment factor of the ratio of personal income to wage and salary disbursement from Local Area Personal Income for 1978, see Attachment D to t-is appendix. 189 D.6-1 Personal Income Taxes Personal income taxes can be calculated by determining the effective tax rate on wages and salaries. U.S. Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Tax Returns , published'annually, shows total income tax paid as a percent of adjusted gross income, by state, and this can be used to estimate individual income taxes paid to the federal government. For 1978, this tax rate was 13.55 percent for the state. A breakdown by county is not available. Similar information can be obtained for the state departm ent of revenue and is available at the county level for 1980. The effective rate of contribution for social income can be computed from information contained in Local Area Personal Income . (Attachment D.1). Table D-9 shows the computations for effective state income tax rates by selected areas. Table D.10 shows the effective tax rates on federal income, state income and contributions to social insurance programs, by selected areas. D-6.2 Sales Tax Computation of sales tax revenue requires the estimation of two parameters, the effective sales tax rate and the proportion of disposable income spent. A regression of personal consumption expenditures on disposable income using national level data, indicates that 90-945 percent of disposable income represents personal consumption expenditures. Thus, in the main report, sales tax impacts are computed by first multiplying the increase in disposable income by .90945 to yield expenditures subject to the sales tax. Multiplying expenditures by the sales tax rate yields the expected increase in sales tax receipts due to the projecat. The sales tax rate in the State of Wisconsin is 5 percent. However, there are numerous commodity exemptions to the tax so that the effective-rate is less than 5 pbrcent. The effective sales tax rate of 2.17 percent was estimated based on data in Statistics of Income, Individual Income Tax Returns , Tables 5.1 and 5.2. Table 5.2 shows various deductions for itemized tax returns by state. For the State of Wisconsin, the average sales tax deduction per return is $336.13. From Table 5.1, a total of 1,968,083 returns were filled from the State of Wisconsin, yielding an estimated sales tax paid of $661,528,528. Table 5.1 shows adjusted gross income of all state returns of $30,541,036,000. Dividing estimated tax paid by adjusted gross income yields an effective sales tax rate of 2.17 percent of income. 190 Table D.11 contains a summary of all parameters estimated using the techniques described in this appendix. For projects not in any county set forth in Tble D-11, each of these parameters will need to be computed to describe the economic impacts in Step 11 of the main report. TABLE D.9 Effective State Tax Rates 1980 1980 Effective Adjusted Net Tax State Tax Area Gross Income Liability Rate State $32,619,913,042 $1,542,362,193 .0473 Brown County 1,272,768,936 60,641,927 .0476 Douglas County 253,068,715 11,257,204 .0445 Kenosha County 904,870,297 43,244,651 .0478 Kewaunee County 117,370,662 5,142,764 .0438 Manitowoc County 541,783,729 24,451,471 .0451 Milwaukee County 7,530,145,636 357,498,062 .0475 Milwaukee SMSA 11,487,809,139 559,800,289 .0487 Ozaukee County 656,713,810 34,435,343 .0524 Racine County 1,392,943,068 68,444,133 .0491 Washington County 651,167,414 30,677,821 .0471 Waukesha County 2,649,782,279 137,189,063 .0518 LaCrosse County 593,369,302 26,736,086 .0451 Sheboygan County 713,396,706 32,770,437 .0459 Crawford County 74,879,319 3,055,148 .0408 Door County 158,618,235 6,877,410 .0434 Asheland County 76,828,200 3,044,156 .0396 Marinette County 211,775,076 8,935,388 .0422 Source: Wisconsin Department of Revenue, Research & Analysis Division 191 TABLE D.10 Effective Area Tax Rates Effective Effective Effective Federal Rate Contri- Federal Effective Income Tax butions for Tax State Income Area Rate (1) Social Insurance (2) Rate (3) Rate (4) .0473 State 1355 .0512 .1867 Brown County .1355 .0531 .1886 .0476 Douglas County .1355 .0570 .1925 .0445 Kenosha County .1355 .0516 .1871 .0478 Kewaunee County -.1355 .0435 .1790 .0438 Manitowoc County .1355 .0509 .1864 .0451 Milwaukee County .1355 .0539 .1894 .0475 N) Milwaukee SMSA .1355 .0536 .1891 .0487 Ozaukee County .1355 .0520 .1875 .0524 Racine County .1355 .0516 .1891 .0491 Washington County .1355 .0508 .1863 .0471 Waukesha County .1355 .0529 .1884 .0518 Crawford County .--%1355 .0454 .1809 .0408 Sheboygan County .1355 .0515 .1870 .0459 Door County .1355 .0489 .1844 .0434 Ashland County .1355 .0565 .1920 .0396 Marinette County .1355 .0518 .1873 .0422 LaCrosse County .1355 .0533 .1888 .0451 (1) Source: Statistics of Income, Individual Income Tax Returns, 1978. Internal Revenue Service, Table 5.1 for State of Wisconsin. (2) Source: Local Area Personal Income - 1974-1979. U.S. Department of Commerce, from individual county tables, ratio of personal contributions for social insurance to total labor and proprietor's income. (3) Source: Column (1) plus Column (2) (4) Source: Table D.9 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE D.11 Parameters for Estimating Regional Impacts of Projects Effective Tax Rates Income Sales/Income Wage Per Area Multipliei' Multiplier Worker Federal State Sales STATE 2.22 6.523 $14,677 .1867 .0473 .0217 Milw. SMSA 2.28 5.386 15,993 .1891 .0487 .021-T Milw. City 2.82 5.438 16,006 .1894 .0475 .0217 Kenosha City 1.78 5.767 15,794 .1871 .0478 .0217 Manitowoc 1.99 6.180 13,127 .1864 .0451 .0217 Marinette 1.59 7.102 14.037 .1873 .0422 .0217 Crawford 1.47 10.009 13,158 .1809 .0408 .0217 Sheboygan 1.87 6.812 13,248 lB70 .0459 .0217 Door 1.62 6.330 13,866 .1844 .0434 .0217 Ashland 1.69 5.520 11,863 .1920 .0396 .0217 Lacrosse 2.15 5.536 13,066 .1888 .0451 .0217 Douglas 1.80 8.492 13,309 .1925 .0445 .0217 I I I I I I I I I ATTACHMENT D I I I I I I I - I I I LOCAL AREA PERSONAL iNCOME 125 Table 5.-Personai Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79 ATTACHMENT D i7housanos of joilaisl State of Wisconsin I Adams. Wisconsin _F 1979- 1.274' 197- T1 19771 1 1.97811 19771 _j 1979- :37411 19751 1976- Labor and proprietors! income by place ot work' ey 2ne :J-jrv Itsoursernents....... .............. ................ 15.347,134 !6,178.0571 17.928,902 19.696.433 22.461.966 25.1,77,0!7 15.045 17,306 19.735 21.083 24149 27.776 @@W 'MCMe .... ....... .................. . . ....... .................. .............. L424.115 '.677.18l 1.980.039 2.279.344 2.145,280 1,022 L:21 1,625 1.978 2.242 2.@Zz 2.231.364 3.145,907 4,335 E.648 2,350 !M 'Cure, . ....... ....................... .. ..... . ..... .... 3 0 Z.013.257 2.577.486 4.662 6.124 5.314 3' 2,N] 4,22. - 3?3 )24 2. ' -19 _',.4 ............. 1,227.811 1.339.459 1.113.9li 1.51'1,'4'4'3' 1,141,211 1,113,111 2,111 1,121 3,243 3,111 3*111 111 farm, .......... ...... 3,V i,rid,u-s,t,ry .......... . ... . .... . ............................. ....... .......... 84M'0 668.905 669,53L 967.130 1,103,392 1,548.139 Z.046 5,192 10 1.916 3XO 3.406 Nn . ........ - 42 7 7 18.789,987 20.949.809 23.290.706 26,215,404 29,420,105 17.456 19,993 23.700 25,707 29.295 33,306 . .... . .. ....... . ................................................ 17,6 . 71 . .. ......... . ........ . . ... . ........................................................ 115.U5,ZIS I -15.937.445 ll.a3l.949 19,977.716 22.568.609 25,496,051 11.562 13,041 ISA5 16,805 19,344 22.253 Ag(rutural servicM for". fivwbes. and olw-- . ......... 49.988 53335 62.793 70,865 81.666 94,191 111 127 Ila 1" 171 207 ......... . .. . . ............................. ..................... ............. 39.2103 39.928 40,031 44.307 48.887 55.332 a 0 0 0 0 0 ... .......... . . .............. [email protected] 1.042.964 1209.936 1.421.638 1,605,182 [.773.890 (D) (0) (D) (0) M ..... . . ...... . .......... . ........... ................................. i.567.170 6.863.373 7,669.621 8,565,265 9.807,843 11,087.533 3,342 3,332 3.950 U64 4.983 5.999 goods.. ._ ............... ............ .. ................ .......... '.:43.790 2.2-15.032 2.538,934 2.305.504 3.140,716 3,455.789 1.857 2.233 3.D42 3.241 M 367 rafre qooas ..... .. ...........- 4.543.330 4,618.341 5.I .......................... 30.687 5,759.761 6.667.127 7,631.744 1185 1.099 908 3231 1.016 1.275 ,:3"Scorfit" and DUDW Ut'6t;e$ ......... . ................................... 1,132.959 1.169.169 1.317.039 1,480.521 1.649.497 1.888.171 (D) (D) (D) to) 101 (0) ;,,,z:auie ir3w ............................ ................ .......I................... 1.022.590 1.19U39 1,292,068 1,407.398 1.554.280 1,780.977 84 387 396 !45 (0) (0) 7.en.l ::Jae .........................-.................... i.970.275 2.005.167 2.199,433 2.408.560 2,669.137 2,993,337 2.459 2,776 3,223 3.Q9 3.767 4.300 -,13.%1. "Mrance. Ind real estate ..... ................................ 766.289 849.527 997,751 1.159,188 1.315,173 1.468,317 405 392 498 568 580 581 Servves. ........ . ........................ ........................................ . . . . .2.362.348 2.722.043 3,043.287 3,419.974 3.337,944 4.354,253 (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) (D) ;c,errment am toverronem eninnses". 2.577.559 2,852.142 3.117.360 3.312.990 3.646.795 3.924.054 5.894 6,942 8,095 8.902 9,951 11.053 neral. Wtian..._ . ........... . ......... 316.8' IS 348,412 395,614 426.026 464,752 493,880 3.182 3,842 4.825 5,061 5.347 5.707 FWAM ML1`tvv___ 50.908 50,907 55.43 53.6a 56.673 57,829 100 109 M 114 119 125 state Nd 1" 2,209,836 2.453M 7-666.W =296 3.125.370 3.372-45 Z612 2.991 3.155 3,727 4,495 SZ1 10envatm of pw=W income by pim of residence @.,Ial tabor ard orognetom an. by Nace of wort ....... ........_ 18,462.993 19.658.892 21.619,340 24,257,1136 27.318,796 30.968.244 20,402 25.175 Z3,710 27,623 32.615 36,712 _?ss: Pew4l conUftlem for !=W irwrance cy olace of work--- 995.118 1.052.462 1.136,423 1,226.155 1.397.643 1.629.869 1.100 1.237 1,463 1,482 1.701 1.956 "M an and 010onetm, Incorne ov Place Of vMM 17.467.875 18.606.430 20,482.917 23.031,681 25.921,12 29.338.375 19.302 23.938 22.247 26.141 30.914 34,756 288.485 292,354 324,787 373.550 421.810 453.649 3.706 3.362 3,628 4.393 4.659 5.194 =ff Yd plopne" , Mcene CN pface of Mu"ca.- 17.756.360 18.8".284 20.807.1 D4 23.405.241 26.342.963 29.792.024 Z3,D08 Z7,300 25,875 30,534 35.573 39,950 P!us: DM*ft oWM ard rug' 3.188.9" 3.492,323 3,H5,824 4.028.262 4.498.609 5.202,290 4.894 5,461 5,968 7,143 8.048 9.417 PUL. Transfer P"n", 2,721.509 3,379,006 3.667,100 3.939.940 4,349,641 4,982.165 7.511 9,322 10,119 10.734 12.153 14,161 Ponxtal OMM by OM at 666 61 ZLMA13 22M 31.IM443 35.UU13 3WC479 35,413 42M 41-962 4&411 55,774 63AU ff CM12 Perm"! (doMn)____ 5,133 5.616 Uv 6,756 7315 a,470 3226 3,M 3.597 4,178 4,675 SX2 AsMsA Whcomin BIMM% ftcomn 19741 ISIM 19762, 19TI. 197V 19791 19741 1975, 1976- 1977! 197V 197? Labor arel pqxietors incom by plm d *vrk' By tM Vag@ ino soy 39,196 442U 49.548 56.277 67.493 73.150 68.393 74.125 84.681 97,961 112.725 129.417 2.930 3.594 4,428 $327 6,308 7,152 5.441 6.751 8.309 10228 11.755 13.%S 5,274 5.768 6.265 5.591 6.675 7,782 24.868 29,726 26.530 36,781 44.330 56.843 Farm_--- 625 977 990 433 1,243 1.654 12,939 16.948 U.362 22.219 Z9.057 39,4Z9 4mtxW. 4.649 4,791 5.275 5.158 51432 6,128 11,929 12.878 14,168 14,562 15273 17.414 737 1.098 2.1113 554 1,380 1.937 15.814 19,921 15.232 25.362 32,589 ".068 46,663 52,508 59,138 66,641 79.086 86,2471 82,898 90.675 104,288 119.648 136.222 156.117 Private_ 38,643 43,617 50.090 56.854 69.176 74,@, 70.647 76,898 89.5DO 102,478 115.965 137971 Ar-ftef WMM forMby. fdWM arid a 0 0 (0) (L) 10) 429 (0) (0) (0) 992 (0) Mnnj. (D) 0 0 0 0 0 470 (0) (0) @D) 470 (D) consmicbm. 1.958 2.139 3.194 VD9 4,455 (0) S."o 5.023 6.129 7.501 9.419 8,705 M-JWM 12.400 10,679 13.637 16.559 18,227 20,491 24,887 26,176 31,760 37.974 44.482 51.486 4mWraW 5.817 5.4112 6,046 $.W 6.979 7.113 10.968 11.545 13.426 16.614 18.320 21,325 Mae, ROOM___ 6,SU 5,197 7,591 10,020 11.248 13,378 13,919 14,631 18.334 21,360 26.162 30.161 7 8.494 'Mmoortanon and Duok uutes_ 619M .903 8,699 1.032 9.922 10,760 6.277 .6.887 7,750 9.233 11.171 Wkiesa r4dL-- 1.929 2.554 2.125 Z.466 2.6M 3.118 3.966 6,228 6.614 6.896 7.296 8.3u Pew traw 6.406 6,495 7,168 1,754 8230 9,340 15.572 15,642 17,419 18.813 ZI.209 a774 Fmm mmmmL and rem estate (D) 1.232 1.357 (D) 2,077 7.513 3.456 3,939 4.545 5.169 5.812 6.456 7,884 12,715 13,320 15,465 22,655 23.496 10.150 11.887 13,985 16.105 18,053 21.397 Goament ad gownered entapirm".._ 8.020 3,891 9,04 9.787 10.910 12.000 12.241 13.M 14.798 17,130 20157 23.2D6 ,emx Maw-__ 1,8911 2.268 2,367 Z,47T 2.590 - 2.751 1,741 1.875 2.260 2.438 2.667 ZSU 110". 11"I'try -_ 128 137 140 143 152 152 3DO 315 325 330 345 352 State am 6.004 6.496 6.541 7.173 U68 9,097 10.200 11.587 12.203 14.362 17.245 :0.020 Demtwn of persorw incorm by place-of resK%M labor and Woonem' income by place of won__.._ 47.400 53SO 60.241 67,195 80,466 88,01 98.702 110,602 119,520 144,970 168.811 200.245 1`8301 OffthIMMU for SOCW Mwance by place of work-' 2.709' 3.087 3.528 3,825 4,545 5.283 5.02 5.432 6,015 6,593 7.527 8,740 &.1,1300F and orwatone inconve ty Woe of wft.: ...... ".691 50.519 56.713, 63,371Y 75,921 82.796 93.649 105.170 113.505 138.377 161.2a4 191.505 "m flemience adiustment ................................................................. -3.036 -4079 -4.846 -5,748 -7,712 -7.081 2.5601 2.779 2.614 11.816 3,114 1,11, 4eq law and oroorviors' ncerne trf piace of res*rKe ..................... 41.655 46,444D 51.867 57.622 68.209 5.715 107.949 116.119 141.193 164.343 194,628 , 1 7.342 7 351 U98 9,397 10,529 12.12 :9.! 22.191 @'5.426 '9307 34.636 16.841 21.634 23.363 25.216 M522 34.252 37.o681 .10.805 46.126 1511 by om of reladence ................................ 65.&7A 74@413 1111699 90-M 1019% 11 6.4SR 1431,739 1161, 173M zMU71 Z34M M_TJQ PW Cava . ..... . .......... 3-M 4 4AM 5.240 6,146 6AN 4.379 4A94 6M 7@-66 (Oman at em of tables. LCCAL AREA PERSCNAL INCCME Tabie 5.-Personai Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79---Continued I ,Nusinds ct doilarsl Baytield, Wisconsin Brown, Wisconsin 1975-1 1976- 19771 19731 19791 197V 1975-1 19761 197711 1978- 1979- Libor 3nd proprietors' income by place of work' i;t 1.1: :;.Jrv 'Icurserrents .......................... ............................ 15.242 16.629 19,7-1 22.435 25.330 ;,08,092 657,811 731..; 10 824.308 934.535 1.0 xr %:Me- ........... ................................. @99 117 1.331 - 1. 132 45,463 54.616 64.496 77.427 89,0276 1071.4. . .. ....... ............ .... .................................... 5,331 6.461 6 .673 51.641 57,109 62 66.193 5.3 5 47i .. 11 N 7 693 312 2,052 2,466 10. . 6 @8 11,492 10,685 13.066 19,335 .................. ................................ @'2'22 "105 4,438 5.349 5.734 6,212 41.055 45,617 5.348 33.127 ..................... 3 1 55990 6 .6, By industay a;;:!- . ....... ......... . 2.21` 110 ilia 1,216 2.394 2,914 12.935 13.904 12.932 15.523 22.095 29.346 19. 3666 26,360 29,613 33,226 692.361 755,632 845.107 952,405 1.076.340 1,195.11.1 85 21055 2 : ... .. . .................. ....... . ................................ . ....... . .14.015 15,029 17,304 19.416 21.795 24,771 615,683 668.631 751.150 848.477 958.742 i.064. I! jl@"Itval sinm Vestry. @isheties. am otw 276 187 Z72 521 556 593 1,845 1.393 2.380 2.504 2.948 0 a 0 0 0 (L) 533 5971 9451 397 1.@82 ........ .. ... *,--"*"*"* -- ----* . . .......... . ......................... . ............. 1,884 1.818 2,274 2.821 2.827 3,066 45,514 46.8111 53.066 364 Z863 10.022 734 1. .................. . ..... 3,404 3.169 3.421 3.500 3.757 4.762 239.621 266.7691 294.645 3 6 1 !1N .................... .............. ...................... ..... 327 1,131 1.110 1,231 (0) (D) 176.264 194,3711 215.7241 242.0501 '@,rave @;Ocs ................................ 2.477 2.038 2.281 2.269 (0) (0) U357 "8.921 39.52. 959 ::2.- is. ;1-1 Xr:3z;zn Aa NOW 1,795 1.997 1`: 2.288 2.464 2,885 3,475 79,301 79.9511 36,&35 97,692 110."04 1,4"': W@c!-Sae !-3ce ................. . . ......... . ....... . .......... . ......... -89 727 788 956 924 902 54.267 59.758 67.8611 72.975 34 8471 35 92i -'@!11 :ICI .............. . ............... .... .................. . .......... ZA7 2.911 3.294 3,725 4.055 4.669 34,319 85.191 95.579 109.601 [email protected] 137.251 Fnance. :nurarce. am " estate ...... ........... ........ ............. 486 526 724 903 1.051 1.221 18.360 21.109 "5,811 30,570 J5.791 17,11: : sevicM ............ . .... ...... 2.8" 3,694 4.243 4.526 5.740 6,061 91.823 106,152 li4.129 138,04 155.4" IiN`3 GNemmem am Perwient M%vm-. 5.270 6.026 6.362 6.944 7,818 8.455 76.678 86,995 93,957 103.928 118.138 131.DCO Fedval. Win- 600 694 745 1.022 1.282 1.363 9,023 9.826 11.288 17550 13.800 14.664 FeWA military 93 101 104 110 117 1117, 1.955 1.998. 2.D9* 2.DS6 2.301 2.595 State am Wall OR SZ11 U13 5,812 6.419 6,975 65.700 75.171 80,575 89.292 1OZO97 113.741 Denvatim of perswW income by place of resailonee Total labor and voianetais' irco= by oace of 21.431 23.155 24,&36 27.576 32.007 36.140 705.196 769.536 858.039 967,928 1,099.036 1.224.160 Lem Peq so conmovooro for =at moance ov oace of worl- 1.178 1,271 1.434 1,506 1,703 1.959 39,263 42.456 46,500 ;0.960 sa.3!0 68162 Set law am Ploonets , inm= Dy pace of work...- 20.22 21.884 23.402 26,070 30.304 34.181 665.933 727,080 811.539 916.969 1.040.696 1.156,198 Ptm R 1 jejaMmit- 4,825 6.289 7,460 8,092 9.680 10.322 -30.035 -32A3 -35.059 -40,499 - 48,13 -;41336 4-t Wor am Ixorems xuaw by Pact of rManx- 25,078 28,173 30.962 34,162 39.984 ".503 635.398 695.077 776,480 S76.469 995.843 1.121.812 PhM Dividulds. Mwat am rue 6,038 7.259 7,545 8,626 9.698 11.290 111,131 121.024 1,14.390 139.640 155.M 179.981 Ph* Trartsfer 10396 12,669 13,894 15,075 16.647 13.854 79,909 99.2D9 111,081 119,061 133108 152.744 PWMW wow" by 0= of 4L51Z 41UOO 5"1 57AU 66=9 74,647 WSU RUN 1101M 1JA170 1.284.90 1,45CU7 Per capift PWMW Mc=* 3,441 3401 4.175 -4.M S.013 5.712 4.91X I-IM 5M 6.496 7266 3.150 Bvffa* Wiscontior 1111111111:011111111iial 19741 197? 1976- 1977- 197V 19791 1974- 197P 1976- 19776 19780 1979, Weir vW piop ishm . jnwm by plaim d work' By tM 'Nap MW s#vy asixneffats 18.019 19,617 21.106 23.299 27,731 31.937 12,584 13,849 15.821 17.5S7 20-318 23,1413 @21.* LIM M=M 1.120 1.404 1.656 1.992 2.516 2.990 942 1.180 1.445 1.772 2.033 2.418 Nonefors' n=xl 17.393 14.451 15.719 16,964 20MI 29,332 5.055 4,749 5.909 7.624 9.524 10.293 Farm- 12,993 9.330 9,925 10,860 14,246 22.104 2,581 2.000 2.265 2.692 3.374 4,651 Well, 4,400 5.121 5,794 6.104 6,295 7.228 2,474 2,749 3.644 4,932 5.150 5.642 Farm. By 4WOU, 14,456 10,901 11.378 12.451 16,036 24.473 2.309 2.243 2,488 Z.936 3.649 5.017 Norltarm Z2.076 24.571 27.103 29.804 34,802 39,786 L5.772 17,535 20.687 24,027 27.226 3O.W Nvam- 15.655 17.678 19.1145 22,425 26,607 30,SI4 12.153 13.350 16.193 19,287 22.030 25.222 AV-ftural servicM fore". fWMM arid OgW.___ 120 193 ISO 237 322 396 (0) 196 167 191 206 (D) Vhq..- 171 105 101 38 85 96 (D) a 0 0 0 (0) cmwuctlm_ (0) 1.398 1,896 1.719 2.599 2,579 1.272 1.426 1.971 2.252 2.412 2.468 M-k&-" 1. 869 1970 905 2,541 3,411 3.665 3,745 4,333 5.247 6.544 7.711 9'M Na"Saw vas 1.365 1:240 11:080 1,513 2,157 2.011 395 461 594 629 795 911 Mole two M 730 825 1.028 1.254 1,654 3.350 3.872 4.653 5,915 5.916 8.112 Tansporman vd pjbk ubm 2.974 3.192 3,620 4.558 5.439 7,027 1,094 1.050 1,235 1,464 1.679 1,777 WhdeM 598 2.166 2,512 2,742 3,226 3.932 209 240 345 378 443 487 Rew 5.004 4.666 5.328 5,791 6,287 7.039 2.943 3.090 3,317 3.847 4,20 4.854 Futance. umnina am rem estate 898 1.021 1,150 1.154 1.289 1,50 633 590 931 1.130 1315 1.396 (0) 2,977 .3,163 3.S39 3.949 4,577 2.DOO 2X5 2.970 3.4111 4.061- 4,769 6.421 6.893 7, 258 7,379 8.1,95 8,972 3,619 4.185 4,504 4,740 5.196 5.615 Fedivail. avian 1.949 1,926 2.138 1.854 1,973 2.096 379 437 509 539 602 Federal. Military IV 130 138 141 147 153 80 89 92 94 @02 101 Stm aw boat 4,345 4,937 4.982 -5.384 6,075 6,723 3,160 3.660 3.903 4.101 4,527 4.912 Demextion d petsonal irwne by Piece d reswom I*# War so oitione". kco= by plate el Work 36.532 35.472 39,481 42.255 50,938 64,259 18.5s'l 19.778 23.175 26,963 30,875 ASS4 Lemftm ox0outim for sociat iRmnov by place of work.- 1.399 1,537 1,624 1.7D9 2,009 2.311 1.012 LID9 1.215 1.326 IA3 1.661 Met Wor and Droxet. ' income by PLO of work 35.133 33.935 36.857 40.546 48.829 61.948 17.569 18.669 ZI.960 25.637 29.432 24.133 Phm- Reswo adhotmeq . ................. . 3.932 9.121 ID.134 11.733 12.872 14.460 3.158 3.323 3.646 4.2161 .1879 3.5.6 Met Wx v4 VWMon' inmr" Dy MM at rn&= .......... 44,065 43.056 52.279 61.701 76.4081 20.727 21.992 25.606 19.8531 34.311 -9.7"9 NM Dwidends. interm ano reffil .... ................. . ......... . ............. 3.050 9,149 9.557 11.003 12.390 14.462 5.660 6.550 5.949 3.102 3.129 Ns. Tranver 9.687 10.618 11.704 12.364 13.375 15.162 9.513 11.496 12.717 14.051 Pei Boom bf P&M Of 64252 75,646 87,466 SZON 15.558 17.426 60AM UjM 106= 35.900 40,011 45M WM 17" Per camb W-W kwom 4.3471 4,475 4.752 5.1081 5.%21 7M 3,427 3.708 4.109 4.616 SIS7 SM9r See footnotes at end of Wei NSIN LOCAL AREA PERSCN AL !'"CME r 127 Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lz@,-- 'E, :on. 197 7- [Thousancs ot co;xs 4- 9--Continued Calumet, Wisconsin Chippewa, Wisconsin 1976' 19771 19711 1975- 19-,61 1977- 1 1979, Labor arid P(W-tors' income by place of work' By tM Re am Sa- WAntrwis B. 81.509 73.3391 31.489 95,18i 95.275 108.982 122.581 134.270 151.822 168,871 8.309 8.16i PMRIors jwjw-@ 9.729 12.0771 5.814 7.636 9.246 10.779 12.296 13,933 firm 16.730 19.425 18.598 22.5139 1:3 8.4429 28.740 31,221 33.356 36,626 46,218 hwarm, . ... ... ... 10.985 12.676 10-9521 15,E55 '3 1 13 . ....... . 5.745 6.749 7.646 1 6,884 14. 07 063 14.007 16.538 18.910 26.333 14.022 15,677 17,214 16.S18 i1jil; ry Rw Fam ..... ...... 12.477 14.277 12@31511 0 ........... . . .. .. ... ..... ...... . 9 9 112@3 1 7"@7@ 94.071 4@ Ftmie- 86.648 7 .6 15.825 15.657 16.427 19.1 P 21,883 30,241 ..... .................. 112,693 129.701 146,621 159.221 178.961 198,781 86.813 78.120 88. 102.546 j2'..010 AVICuitural Services. lamtry. fwwes, ard cite 273 (136 -1 E03 78.574 91.355 104.942 114.153 128.363 143,973 M.Mj . . .... ....... . ... ...... 89 @D) Coristfucion .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . ....... . ... .... ... (D (0) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 3.158 3.461 1 0 M 124 (D) (D) ..... .. . ... .. ..... '3399 4,787 5@43@ 64 53.349 .9.6 5.869 6.419 8.029 9.193 10.892 1Z206 go= .... .... ... ... .... .... . ... ..... . ........ .. 5.674 69.860 33.32,2 29.699 DuraW Imos 4.8 5,085 35.015 40.497 45.909 52.418 57,jD8 . ..... .............. . 5Q.225 4i.428 54,787 5 21,272 24.304 27.148 30.046 Z9,680 Ifinsvorlatiori and "Ic Ut'jilles @ ....................... .......... ...... ... i,754 1.794 2.?12 63.975j 76,618j -.6 i2.;04 13.743 16.193 18,761 22.372 27,42g whaiesm (raw . .. . ................ . ................ 2,662i -.-- - "' - . ............. . . ............ 1.890 3.732 6.034 5,877 Reug 4.573 5.856 7 .779 6.181 7,192 F 7.247 7,005 7.025 insgrauL ad Mg.estau, 8.017 9.229 1 -3.432 71 8.153 7.538 8,697 12,094 servers, 1,113 1134 11580 1.526 1 16,085 16.118 18.065 19.159 20,893 23,681 .819 :s; . ........... 6.390 6.454 .! 0) (D) (D) (D) 7A66 7,896 g.015 V i 5 14.790 17-372 20-020 21.709 24,104 GovernffeM am . . . ......... 6,911 ............. 7.258 8,528 9.223 9,950 34.119 38.346 41.679 45.068 50.498 54,808 faieral. criwit ........................... ........... . .................. ... ........ 1.062 1,234 1.330 1.375 2.1.33 2,486 2.871 2.926 3.186 23385 Few flubtarv.. iwx .... . . . . ...................... ......................... .. ............ .......... . ..... .... 222 235 239 -.- .............. 237 423 445 459 462 491 State I . .................... !,974 7,059 7,656 35.415 38349 41.780 46.821 50,920 8.335 -437 503 Deri-tion of W-1 income by place of rtsWMe ToW taw am onpoig on "VM by pwm of vk ......... ......... 106.548 100.925 109.816 129.797 1 Less: P"W" contrititrum for sMW OWM Dy UM Qj Ork - - 190,518 145.358 163.048 178.405 2DO,7" 229-022 fiet Mile am ww- - by Place 01 UK ................... 5.374 4,956 5.231 5,961 7.0891 8.288 6.320 7,240 7.810 8.099 9.153 10.578 Plus- ReSdM adiustinerit ....... . .................................... . ........ 101.174 95.969 104,585 123.936 145,2a3 177,016 123,198 138.118 155.238 170.306 191.591 218.444 ovoacioli'l -, ..... ... ...... 10,866 16.185 18.903 19,170 19.517 20.962 21.632 18.690 16.154 19.327 20.638 21.309 Plus: DRVKOL AMISL W . .. . . ................ 112.040 112.154 123.488 143.006 164,720 197.878 144,930 156,808 111.392 189.633, 212.229 239.753 Pius: Triewer PVMM ........... . ....... . .......... . . . ......... 22.193 23,329 23.751 25,525 29,728 34.501 27.055 29.154 30,108 34.135 38,275 ".457 11.079 15.910 15.869 16,556 18347 21.193 32247 40.089 44 110 1111001" by vim of radam 14U17 1511M 1"108 .053 46.212 50.823 58,098 PW c=ft . U"V nzM 2=n 204= Z=1 245= 269.981 3oL327 XLM won* (dwkw) U40 Clark, Wis@n Columbia, Wiscoetsjn 0741 1975- 1976- 1977' 1978-i 19-,91 197V 1975' 19761 197P 1979- 1 1979- LAO' and PW*t-' -mt by place of worV By tM a" &V WL" otsturuff" othe taw iva", is 54,865 12.141 58.364 61,8001 68.725 77-732 PrWirtars "VM. 4.366 4,2497 5.360 93.495 97.386 107.639 115.217 125.262 141.153 4 5,872 6.548i 7.553 27 7.752 9.309 10.885 12.099 14.073 1 farm, - - , .. 37,553 .0.6 ':5 ow .......... ... 2 .527 25. 33 27.997 3 .107 , 39 27 23 31.934 24,326 34.187 34.881 43.913 14-910 15.296 17.192 20,083 26.2121 37.629 14.400 17.230 8.666 17.313 17.216 24.127 .. ...... . .. . 9.617 9'937 10.805 11.024 11,3411 0 13,123 14,704 ISAO 16.874 17.665 19.786 Farm, By v4"" hwarm . ..... 17.135 17.685 19.436 22.5 11 35 28.958 41,2201 18.490 21.605 12,737 21,781 22.251 30.730 ... 66.623 64,186 72.285 76.244 83.928 94.704 109.355 115.467 128,537 13B.508 114269.991 168.409 ,660 43-023 Piwate 55.71! 51.546 58.668 61,336 67,060 75.953 92.763 96.931 108-883 117.627 (0) Wcun- '*'"y ""i ""' 1,11' "1i M (11 ID) (0) (D) 179j MMI (D) (D) 718 fl)) 938 fo) (D) (D) 10) (D) (D) Coffstructen 2.521 5 3.263 3.913 4.4921 (D)1 6.310 6.624 8.722 11.266 10.819 11.241 4 @.56 MMAK1LrMt 15.2 9 4,035 15,887 15.199 17.114 20 531 11.494 28.670 32.4089 34.733 36.253 4D.894 hwdwm tcoft 7.7021 7 583 7.814 7,091 717' 8 518 16.439 17.641 18.77 19.765 20.085 22.113 Durifit fm 7.50 6.452 8.073 8.1,09 @8 70 12.019 13,055 11.029 11629 14.968 16.168 18381 1,"WU - Ird - @1-1-11 3,711 74 3. G 4342 4.676 4.943 5115 10,279 10.5116 11.786 13.275 15.806 18,881 whowsake tram '1305 5.948 1 6.528 7.764 (D) (D) 7,053 9.413 11.018 12,117 Reud trade 9.776 11.016 284 9,239 10.052 ID,788 11.6731 13,332 20.124 19.546 20,554 21.272 23.255 26-686 Frovor rwxo. sm ru, estiTe Do 7.657 8.245 2.332 2.706 3,389 4,458 4.851 5.548 24 7.355 7.056 serycr. 7 06 9.621 10.215 11.025 (D) 15,483 17,949 19,627 21.663 23.608 26357 cow-M xv emer-M emer-W." :0912 12.640 13.617 14,858 "o 18 71 16,592 128,636 19.654 20.881 23331 25-386 Fforral aaw ;.) " ; ;.!17 1.659 1,692 1.818 1123?1 2,164 .361 2.646 2.904 3,247 3.4so Ffwm mdnmv 244 262 265 26: B5 286 417 424 437 .439 464 485 suit V4 W.J. 9.291 10,961 11.693 .12.89 14.27 65 16.S33 14,0 11 15, 851 16.571 17.0 9 19.6ZD 21.451. on of --de Total LAW 3% IN-WOM. 'C" MJC1 r' 81871 91,721 98.779 112.886 135M4 127,845 137.072 141.274 160.289 172,742 199.139 Lrj3 P-50 I ccmlw@- t7 =4 --@- c' @- i K! -.114 4.206 4.669 5,396 6.590 6.877 7.498 7.759 8.480 9.837 " Law AV v- Cn rc" N P" e I 07C 97,607 94.573 .108.217 130.528 121.255 130.195 133.776 152.530 163,762 lsg,302 K& MOM Adwat"'e, 59 9EZ 8.22; 11,1341 16.105 18.851 70.172 23.490 25.199 28.003 32.611 33.460 42.242 *t LOW ind WW av@ bv Do= & 93.741t 106 7: 127.068 150,700 144.735 155.394 161.779 185.141 2D2.222 Z31,W 1@ CC 20.822 24 PkA ovdprds vitrw MW W, ;141 16 213 31.748 30,134 33.802 34.666 39.164 43.970 51.156 '"e, Prolar" 'S 99@ 6 25 443 4 42 PkA 1 27.55 12 33 29A62 36.309 39.349 A2,299 47.056 53.411 P. BMW PLM .0 171.420 1,29.642i 14s.W61 "62,401. 134.546 216.371 2%M1 US-145 ns.7% MM" 2UI49 U16,111 5.035 1 5.303 6.7041 4132 5.310@@, ..&13 6.331 6-"7 7-M LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME WISCONSIN Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79-Untinued gliciusands Of "Its) Crawford, W"isconsan Dane, Wisconsin 1974' 19751 1976' 19771 1978. 1979* 1974' 1975' 1976- 1977- 1978" 1979" bor and propinetors' inconle by pine of work, By t"M N,ge aW salary . ... . . .. . ............................. 25.327 27.060 30.593 33.817 38,218 42.659 1,253.963 1,344,608 1,497.410 1.674.609 LU6.693 2.069.967 Ot'ler Labor am. 1,806 2,114 2.676 3,174 3,604 4,123 72,361 37.642 105,538 127.019 145137 i66.051, r ws' uct'"N'.. 13,785 14,941 11.893 13,997 15.568 19,281 109,464 123,561 114.233 137,755 139,189 169.969 Firm 9.009 9.306 6.561 8.967 10,395 13.384 29.189 35.350 15.339 30.937 26.127 46.089 .4w* = aW 4,176 5,135 5,332 5.030 5,193 5,897 80.275 88,211 99.899 106.818 113.062 123.11110 10.496 11.393 8.044 1O.S87 12.200 15,773 37.581 44,298 23.661 40.085 36,431 59.632 30.432 X722 37.108 40,401 45,190 50290 1,398,707 1,511,513 1,693.675 1.899298 2.135.ZU 2.34US5 25-7u 27.026 31.116 33,672 37,410 41,513 933.201 LD05.450 1,134.647 1,293.7" 1.467.293 1.630295 Agricultural SaVcM brettly. fthM IM OW.__ (0) (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) 8,369 7,770 8.718 7.911 8.0 9.493 Mining- (D) (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) 3,018 2,954 2,984 3,172 3,744 4A07 1,751 1.547 3,763 100 1,817 Z003 104,342 100.929 116.553 137.625 .158.922 169,571 8.700 9,178 11.431 12,522 14,028 15,440 214,544 228.002 264.656 298.720 333.235 359.857 4onawatie g= ..... ...... . . ..... 1.136 1.369 1.478 1,477 1,551 (0) 128,452 142.327 161-580 179,420 192,185 195.854 Duraw jowL .... . .............. . ... . ......... . ... 7.! 64 7,810 9.953 1045 12,477 (D) 86.092 35.675 103.076 119.300 141.100 163.003 Transatruton am Public 1.631 1.610 1.976 2.234 2,441 2.861 70.615 76.074 86.772 98,952 114.OS8 123.039 Whoiesalie traog.._ ............... . ............. ...... 1.318 1,505 1.475 1,494 1,596 1,879 80.193 96.771 97.993 100.904 111.540 125,181 Retail trade .... . .... . .... .......... . 6.517 7.270 7,492 7.514 3,314 9.147 151.109 157,433 176.105 195.407 219.160 Z43.002 Finance. insurance. and real . ..... 1,113 927 1,134 1.593 1.985 2,077 88,062 100,755 120.903 144.014 164.996 187.679 3.902 4.545 5,330 5.995 6,473 7.168 212.949 234,762 259.963 307.039 352.965 404,167 Gawritnent and Vw N ren entstinses- 5,198 5.696 5.992 6,729 7,790 8,777 465.506 506,063 559.028 605.554 667.995 716,260 Federal. cirAm. 951 901 1,067 1,118 1.197 1.212 40.5u 45.441 S3.061 58.651 61.758 65.625 Fe** 0116131Y I" 15Z 158 161 169 174 3,224 3,337 3,494 3,735 3.926 4.376 State xv wa I'M 4,643 4.767 5,450 6.414 7.331 421,778 457.285 502,473 543.168 502.311 646.259 Derivation of personal incorne by place of resitiencie at labor no Of 4.918 44,115 45.152 50,988 57,390 66.063 1.436,288 1.555,811 1.717.336 1.939.393 2.171.719 1.405.987 1.853 1,985 2.228 = ='= 2.322 2,603 3.015 72,508 77.850 33.541 88.305 100.190 116.018 fflator an* Voorelors' incernet by pm of work.__-- 39,065 42.130 42,924 48.666 54,787 63.048 1.363.7aQ 1.477.961 1.633.795 1.851.078 2.071.529 ?.'39.969 ?%is: Residen adiustment ........ . ... . .... .......... . ........ .--- 4DO 532 661 804 970 1.231 -73.532 -78.246 -32.551 -95.066 - 104. B43 -103.338 Net law &V pimiettil ' intim by piam at residmxL-.-- 39.465 42.562 43A5 49,47D 55.757 64.279 1.290,248 1.399,715 1.551.244 1.756.012 1.966.U6 2.186.631 1! @ or M9 8.761 9.371 10,992 12.363 14.422 233,495 256.243 268.572 306.4" 3".029 397.517 18343 163.052 201.432 218.359 263.242 10.268 12.515 13.131 14,339 16,079 235.924 4 304.966 63@= V*W LU6.M Z29L330 L574" Z=114 fw" by PUM 011 57.VZ 74ADI K199 97.044 IA57290 2=175 Pff Cortaro kwoms (donam) 3AU 3-M 4,107 4,SU 5.w SM4 5.5m (U33 6.91 7,3a LM U" Deft IN owl Wisconsin 19741 197S' 19761 19771 19781 19791 1974, 1975, 19761 19rp 197r 197r Labor and propriertors' inconte by place of vroW BY no sm 174,697 201.939 218,437 236,764 274,294 321.659 50.755 58.749 69,145 19.609 97.785 110.419 I inconv- 13,889 17,957 20.528 23,578 27.606 33.462 4,475 5.8D4 7.501 9.187 11.349 13.274 Proonewis inctirne 36.892 40,915 34,586 48,357 49.111 68.794 13.285 13.562 12.851 17.555 Z3.159 23.659 Farm ........... 21-717 24.415 16.873 29.866 29,739 47.032 6.517 5.634 4.168 7.802 10.933 12.256 15.175 16.500 17,713 18.491 19.372 21.752 6.768 7,928 8.693 9,753 10.2z6 11.403 BY M"" Firm 26.563 29,605 2011 35.168 35.704 54.45 7.835 7.045 5.484 9.2U 12,557 14.383 4onlarm ...... . ........ 198.915 -231,206 251,840 273.531 315,307 369.050 60.680 71,070 34.013 97.101 118.237 132.969 Nivite ........... . .. ...... . ........................... ............ . . . .. ... . ......... 170.091 198,732 216,827 234,894 271,168 320.302 52,605 62.057 74.237 86.082 !05.277 118.287 AqncuM" swim Ittes". fisheries, and oMW .... .... ....... (0) (0) (D) (0) (0) (0) 237 270 409 844 324 1.005 Anng .......... (0) (D) (0) (a) (D) (D) 491 472 659 576 645 661 . ..... 8.934 18,690 19,747 2Z.802 25.372 30.475 4,247 4,241 4@584 5.498 6.476 7.615 marulactim ......... ......... ... .......... . . .. . ......... 101.811 106,939 115,306 123,180 143.714 175.124 23.903 29.574 37,381 44.325 48117 54.536 IonduraW "._, . ............ . .......... . ...... 28,951 31.865 36.098 38.905 42.885 47,978 3,498 3.145 3.255 3.412 3.497 3.60 DuraM joW& ........................... . . . . ..... 72.860 75,074 79,208 84.275 100.829 127.146 20.405 26429 34.626 40.913 54.7ZO 50.936 Transtiortitim ano oubfic utilities .... ........ ... 7,666 10.232 11.359 12.981 14.8S5 15.838 2.341 .2.280 Z.325 2.812 3:31]1111 3: Whoiesj* trace. . ................... . ... ...... ........ . . ...... 5.443 12.556 13.051 13,726 15,096 17,511 1,582 2,570 2,713 2,989 3 3 534 Read iraw .............. ..................... . .. ........... . ......... . ...... 21,612 20.361 22.621 25.485 28.759 32.676 10.137 10,947 12 176 13.588 5.0041 16.829 Finance. insuraw. Ind maj (0) 5.777 7,022 7,691 8.646 9.679 1,607 1'.988 2.365 '7 1.737 .580 Z.960 Say1cm 18.432 -21,895 25.162 26.192 30.712 34.&31 8.060 9,966 11.502 13.095 14.685 17'.232 ... . ... ............ Goverrinmerit"a'no g"Tinnitrit entemses, . ............... ................... 28,824 32.474 35,013 38.637 44.139 48.748 8.075 9.013 9.7 11.025 12.960 14.682 FeWal. crinhan ............. . ..................................... . ............. . ..... 1,970 2.203 2,487 2.538 2.949 3,133 1,160 1.202 1.389 1.572 11.977 '.101 Fewrat. mortary ........................................... ... . .... . .................. 616 646 562 670- 708 723 943 382 973 991 1.044 1.223 Slate ano bcal ............. . ..... . .......... . ................. 26.238 29.625 31.864 35,429 40.482 44,892 5,972 6,929 7,414 8.4&Z 9. 939 11 ASS envatWo of personal inicorne by place of resklenice Taig LaW ano mieturs inconne by place of work ......... . .......... 225.478 260.811 273.551 308,699 351.011 423.905 68.515 78.115 39.497 106.351 130.794 1417.352 .ess: Perstinal caranbuliom Jor swal insurance oy place of work 11.375 13.102 13,709 14,332 16.649 19.413 3.649 4 214 4,732 5.233 5.398 451 piace of worK ............ ............ 214,103 247.709 259.842 294,367 334,362 404.492 54.866 73,901 84,765 101.118 24.396 139.99S ............I.................................... 39.041 35,401 41.378 47,193 53.067 47.887 4,554 2.710 399 -1.067 -7,689 -1.34 UW ana D(Wriet0ill InCDR* DY PUM Or reguiencii.. ................... 253.144 283.110 301.220 341,560 387.429 452.379 69.420 95.664 100.051 ::1.707 :37 951 rlu& Dm@. interest. ano rent .......................... ....... . .................. 50.924 54.927 55.957 62,749 70,317 81.658 20.785 12,304 -4,013 27,612 31.029 6. 0 3 6 P": Trawer Darnients ................. .......... . .................... 32.706 41,797 45.597 48.238 53.043 60.578 14.840 17 885 22.197 @l 375 ?7 391 porl"111 by pim at reswo . ....... .................... ... ....... 336.674 379AM 4OZ764 it"I 51:.719 5N.615 105.045 117.300 129.7301 149.860 177.111 201.971 tswu vw5and, (doftrs) ....................... . .... 4.692 5,214 5.5" 6,178 8.029 4.7v 52w 5.617 6-M 7 L074 See iDoinotes at eno ot lables. WISODGh LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 129 Table 5.-Persoftal income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79-Continued Douglas. Wisconsin Dunn, Wisconsin 1975' 1 1976'1 19771 197911 19791 19741 1 1975, 1976' 19 77' 19781 1979, Labor and pop on VK*nw by P&Ke ol wwk' By *aft AM Uwv Otte tea rc" 120.597 134.452 147,520 158.026 178,806 209.731 46.218 53.265 60.011 67.909 78.911 92.474 8,591 10.356 11.584 13.530 .15,288 18.125 2,580 3.414 4,202 4,991 5.823 7,123 10.079 10.522 11.618 12.692 14.500 16,388 24.125 23,330 22.997 28.615 31,760 44.261 lam 1.194 1,179 1.134 869 2.204 2,917 M929 14,616 13.426 18.713 21.580 32-612 %Oda 9.985 9.343 10.494 11.823 12.296 13.471 8,196 8.714 9,571 9.902 10,180 11.649 1.418 1.417 1,357 1.113 2,478 3.274 18,345 17,203 15.828 213" 24.541 36.518 137.849 153.913 169.365 la3,135 206.116 240$70 54,519 62M 71382 80.171 91.959 107-W ... ............. 108.339 120.701 133,496 145.441 164,819 196,826 36.600 42,820 49.777 55.493 63.118 74.930 Aricufturs WYM Fomir" tomn. and o1w, ............ (D) (D) (D) 176 169 184 433 492 485 523 594 678 82 (D) (D) (L) (L) (L) (L) (L) (L) a 0 0 constructon (0) 8.781 11.997 (D) 12,067 14.111 2.349 2,515 3.563 4,425 4.759 5.233 Mawwwrt 20,931 27.647 24.930 25,563 27,578 34.917 9.301 11,178 13.223 15,321 18.384 21.803 honuicer 8.471 10.765 9,443 9,126 9.086 10.489 7,390 8.1" 8,928 9.688 11.088 12.514 Nowat fam 1. -......... ........ 12.460 16.882 15,497 16,437 18,02 24.428 1.911 3.034 4.295 5,633 7,296 9.189 IrMp"ton &V Dubw Ulaorts . ..... ..... 31.360 35.208 41.866 48,701 57.340 69,862 2,745 2.475 3,041 3.236 3.693 4.496 whowsalf t1aft , . .. .. ........................... ............ 10,866 9.215 10.248 11,939 (D) 20.291 2.965 5.636 6.399 6.234 7,820 9.891 Reud traw ....................... . ........... 16.229 17.U5 19.272 20.890 Z2.306 25X7 10.289 10.190 11.292 12.7S3 14,100 15.993 Fvxo. mancr. jao nis twit, (D) (D) (0) (D). D) 5.405 1.704 2.020 2.413 Ser"M .............. ....... ... ... ............. ( @ , *, 2,1W 3,005 1,1U . ......... 16,622 18,327 20123 2W (D) 26,139, 5A01 8297 9A 10.191 10.763 13= Govewern ard fam v Kqi enjerprim . . ........... . ....................... 29.510 33.212 35.869 37.694 41.297 44,144 17.978 19.986 21.605 24.6U 28.940 32,410 F00021. crown .... .. ................ .................................. . . . . .. 1,698 1,817 2.140 2,200 2,503 2.659 1.191 1.194 1.374 1.431 1.626 1.728 Ftovai, mufy- .. . ........ ___ ..................... . ............... . ....... 640 632 675 673 711 780 238 257 266 269 289 288 Suit am . ................ ... . ..................................................... 27,172 30.763 33.054 34.821 38.093 40.705 16@549 19,535 19.965 Z2.983 26.925 30394 R D"M11011 of Personal incorne by place of residence ols! LW am powitiors moorne Dy U= or ork ............... ........ 139.267 155,330 170.722 184,248 208.594 244.244 72.923 80.009 87.210 101.515 116.499 143.858 Less: Pvww mninbuion lor so" gourva 07 Place ol worl_- 7.367 8.1113 10.065 10.616 11.993 13.921 3.107 3.514 3.BS3 4.046 4.621 5.328 Net Moot &V proprem inco" of pace Of wx --- 131.900 147,147 160.657 173.632 196,711 230323 69.816 n.495 83X7 97.469 111,878 138,530 Plus! R', , - junument .................. . .................................. . .. . . . .8.940 9.069 11.734 9.772 13.945 13.177 12.230 12.U1 13.D38 14,868 16.621 17.953 Nd LOS and PWWM' M by pace of 140,840 156.216 172.391 193.404 210.556 243.5M 82.046 U.936 96,395 112,337 128.499 156.493 lpk&- Nlkm*L 018'm aid 20.968 23,729 Z3.594 25.836 Z9248 33.943 15.049 16,881 17.464 19.964 22.449 26.195 PWL Trinve paMmis ............ . ......... . .... 32,311 38,811 43.151 46.389 50.972 57.6U 17,392 21.3811 23.699 25,411 27.931 31.8" perma vocimme by pwo of 194,142 2124A 9" 1 255AZI 23M6 3AN7 114AV IV= MAN IV= 17M Z14,512 INNER Mw 41=1 4,166 up 6M I ?m H 3.724 1 4,1211 4M 41J72 5xG 4= Eau CUM W'Mw=n Florenim W-wown 1974, 1975, 1976' 19T7' 1978' 19791 1974, 197F 19761 197-P 197r 1979- Labor and proprietors' incwne by piece of work3 0 By type Wage and $30 dobursernents-_ . ....... ................. . ............... 265,938 272.231 285.467 322.113 358.597 388,102 3.258 3,698 3,981 4.646 5.314 5.859 Oft uw mimm ....................... . ....................... . ........................... 17.933 22.781 24.804 30,878 34,921 38.863 196 256 295 361 416 453 proonews dw I ........................................................ . ............ . .... 22.841 23.193 24X7 30.178 32.943 39,441 1.461 1,701 1,603 2.046 2,356 2.772 farm .......................................................................... . ................... 5,922 5.551 4,149 6,460 8.108 11,246 525 717 577 973 1.129 1.400 houarm, ..................... ........................ ............ . ... . ............. . .16.919 17,642 20.188 23,718 24,935 27,198 936 994 11026 1.173 1,227 1.372 BY w*auy firm., ..... .............. . .................... ......................... . ....................... . .7.362 7.096 5,589 Nowarin ......................................................... . .......... . .............. 8.037 9.881 13.573 605 803 655 959 1,226 11.531 Rrate . ....... 299.150 311.109 329,019 375,132 416.580 451.936 4.310 4,852 5,1 24 6. 094 6.960 7.553 Aucuitural w-. forestry. ftshenes. aw olre@ .................. 254.922 261.366 275.261 318.074 354.128 395.162 2.815 3.107 3.360 4.058 4.436 4.802 AAMI (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) (D) (L) (L) 61 (D) (D) 93 Construct= ............ . .... . ......... . ........*............ 1') (11 11) 11) ID) (DI I I D 1 0 ........................................- 21.358 20.889 21,634 24,177 26.996 29,874 246 258 250 (D) 188 216 .................................................. ......................... 90.856 86.197 81.696 102.543 105.716 105,374 748 ................................. . ........ ....... . .. 764 792 875 1.029 1.089 joics ................ . ............... . . . ......... . . 57.011 64.624 64.062 81.251 82.023 79.792 181 210 196 168 176 141 liarovonatron am pswic utditres- ........... . . .. . ......... 33.845 21,573 17.634 21.292 23.693 25.382 567 554 596 707 953 948 rM* 26.967 27,114 29'297 32.994, .37.076 41,527 9. (L) 0 (LI 1 616 18,782 19,412 21,119 22.065 26.531 158 94 114 576 (D) 823 MAW trade ........................................... 38.028 41387 47,783 52.007 63.745 72.616 687 974 Fimnot. wwanot. am reat estate ............. 1.063 LD90 1.155 1.279 ser"M ......................L................................. ........... . ......... (D) (0) (0) (D) (D) (D) 241 220 245 324 343 337 Goverrowl and jovenneril enrerww'-... . ........................ 45.314 52.555 60.252 69.235 77,602 87,791 696 755 816 919 925 932 Fewal. mom ...................... . .......... ..................... 44.228 49,743 a758 57.058 62,452 66,674 1,495 1.745 1,764 2.036 2,424 2.751 ............................ .......... ...... 4.345 4.686 5302 5,942 6,518 6.925' 175 271 233. 276 342 3E3 Few.. mobtary ............. . ...................... . . ...... . . ................... 632 660 687 693 737 755 (1) Suit and local 39.251 44.397 0,769 A423. 55j97 JQ (L) 58.994 1294 L"S. 1.501 -1.727 2.044 2.3SO Derivation of personal inarne by piece of residence MOW boor and privetors* Irwre by Piece 01 yak ......................... 306.512 318.205 334.508 383.169 426.461 465.409 4,915 5.655 5.779 7.053 9.086 9.084 Mess, Pus" controutions for $Mal insurance by wce or work 16.974 17.160 17.707 19.396 21.853 25.470 276 310 315 336 374 427 iffffliperi UDW ano oroprielors Incirne by Not at work .................... . ..... 289.538 301.045 316,901 363,773 404,608 439.939 4.639 5,345 5,464 6.717 7.712 8.657 Pkm- R I jagearrient... .............................................................. -38,735 -36.155 -33.461 -39.410 -42.601 -44,095 4.160 4,157 4.799 5.397 6.303 7.41S Net law and 91011tors, Ircorne by 0" of residence ............... . .... 250.803 264.890 293.440 324.333 362.007 395.944 8,799 9,502 10.263 12.114 14.015 16.072 WX Dmarm interest. and rent . ..... . .............................................. 43.110 47.784 49.967 57,102 63.319 73.827 1.590 1.719 1.921 2.208 2.459 2.960 Iranster Day""Is ............. . ....................................................... 46,396 58148 64.725 68.667 76.097 87.608 2,466 2.831 3.190 3.509 3,914 4.517 --- wmm by pi@ of raideWA ...................................... 340-10 370,722 39A.132 450.102 SO= 557.279 17 14,052 1"74 17MI 20.3811 22.442 PW UVdS P*rWUj @ (doU&rS) L.......... @ -- 4,759 5,114 5.455 6,104 6,640 7-250 11 3.675 1 3@931 4= 4.463 SM7 5AS LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME IffiscCINSIN Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79-Continued [Tilown(IS of WIWI Forill do Uc, Witicordirs Forest. Wiscoma 19751 1976* 1979, 19741 19771 197V 19747 1975-1 19761 197P 1978- 1979' bor Arid propnetors' incontle by piece of worka By tm 9. Ird salary M.152 275,311 306.973 336.825 377,540 425,255 11.174 11.679 13,699 15.441 i6.021 18.392 "I wor fign 20,101 23.285 27,730 32.726 37,162 42.47Z 734 344 1.075 1.4171 L08 15 prolklefOrs, "Will 45.497 51,533 44.592 58,709 61.866 SI.027 2,000 2,332 2.455 2,954 3.@Io A G '0 3' 22.010 25.244 17.346 31.258 33,041 48,731 425 589 505 793 1.246 1.379 23.487 26.299 27,246 27,451 2&U5 32Z6 1.575 1.743 1.950 2.171 2.364 2.524 Fvm.. 25.219 28.681 20.$" 34,763 36,979 53.914 555 729 641 934 1.414 1.589 31AS31 321.448 358,749 393.497 439,51111 494,940 13,353 14,126 16.5U 1&732 19.511 ZZ.893 2611,056 778.456 312.401 341.320 395.182 436.117 9.269 9,473 11,723 U."I 13.628 16.412 tarts" fthm jod Ow.- 1.137 632 737 1.071 1.154 1.338 63 84 63 149 152 161 1.114 1.007 1.043 1.001 1,099 2.129 0 0 0 -100 -76 -16 18.073 17.608 19.924 24.622 26,867 29.539 315 490 782 1.150 1.192 1.087 120.769 120,265 140,253 154.673 171,617 194.109 4,532 4,012 5.370 6,071 5.6" 6.511 "nouraw Rom- 26.94 30.198 33.169 36,096 42.8" 47.322 69 log 112 73 79 91 on* 93.929 90.067 107,094 118.587 128,718 146,787 4.513 3.904 5158 5.998 5.1.69 6.420 Trantsw tion am Public Utma..- 27,994 28.339 29.499 31,557 38.542 46.302 911 963 1.1" 1.173 I.M 1.474 Whokesw 12.839 16.430 16.920 18.796 19,780 2Z541 221 344 342 436 453 520 Retail tram ........ . .......... . .............. 36,981 38.162 40.367 43.220 47.806 54,093 1.360 1.487 1.640 1.681 1.809 ZX3 ........... 4 8.137 9.578 11,404 12.632 15.017 15,441 410 454 522 592 770 771 1.008 46.435 52.259 56,748 63.300 70.625 1,407 1.639 1.360 2.289 Z.576 3.691 am gmwnffem efnavou".-. 37.41S 42,992 46.348 49.177 54.401 58.8Z3 4,084 4,653 4.865 5.291 5.905 6.496 fed". DAN 3.057 3,437 3,666 3.738 4,142 4.401 1.304 1,491 1.551 1.660 1.766 1.876 Fewal. military 789 817 941 954 903 LV 66 67 69 71 72 77 suit ad 111131 3X0 '311,71111 41.0 40115 49,M 51492 2,714 3,095 3.246 3.50 4.11161 U33 trivation of peorsonal inclome by place of resiclem ot3l 14or and tooknefors' income Ity piaor of work ................ 330.750 350.129 379.295 428.260 476.563 548.854 13.908 jC855 17.229 M666 70.947 24.487 Z pffww oft I at 17.328 18.204 20.172 21,410 24,104 28.154 333 $92 1,004 1.066 1.121 1.285 . =,.' " =.!f 313.422 331.925 359.123 QUM 452.464 520.7DO 13.075 13.963 16,225 LUDD 19.826 23202 I Residence 105 7.114 2.091 2.796 4.578 5.620 1.359 1.482 1,708 2.021 2.416 2.773 Net Labor am oloolm , inca le by place of n%dence- 313.527 334,039 361,214 409.646 457.042 526.320 14.434 15.445 17,933 20,621 22.272 25.975 ,!a Dmderft mterest. and rem,.- 57,429 63,205 64.664 72.735 81,432 94.467 3.390 3,700 3.878 4.459 5.005 5.313 fialate Dalmems- 53.479 67,870 72.791 77.233 84.U6 96.241 6.U7 8.496 9366 10.041 11.095 12.594 W incesso fir placce Of 424,4n 46&114 49UN SM14 liam 7i7.cn 24,651 27,641 31.177 4L1211 3Un ",3117 Icapeta pw=sd incelvai 4,8661 5-M61 5,7011 6.324 7,0061 LM f I tm1 3.31171 3JU 4= 4@09 5=1 Great. IN Givion, Wisconsin. 19762 19M 197; '19791 1974' 1975- 1976- 19M wr 1979- 1974- 199757 Ubor W pqit.. i. by place of e Illy tm 77,297 85.906 97,674 110,643 126.972 143.400 73,423 79.276 88.760 93,679 106.M Imw 4,909 5.877 7,557 9.528 11.423 13.321 5.2" 5.618 7.793 8.606 @o 44,750 44.3DO 41.285 51.728 47.467 68.951 26.396 27.897 30.729 33.523 35 '0 vlors *"-----"-'- 342 .40 33 Farm 30.316 28.171 24,614 34.612 29.759 48.941 16.590 16.886 18.672 12'454 24.018 31.147 3011131m, 14,434 16,129 16,671 17.116 17,708 20,110 9.806 11.011 12.057 11.069 iI.; 13.36 ..... . .......... 33.554 31.643 27.857 38.162 33.748 54.068- 19.029 19.499 ZI.089 25.099 :U97 SIM Nonfarm ......... . ...... . ......... 93,402 104.440 118.659 133.737 157-114 171.60# 86.034 94.292 106.193 110.709 124.967 140'.328 - -------------- 6il,930 f2.434 84,413 96,538 110.2a9 125.940 74,769 80.7D9 91.106 95.51 If5 i09.159 124.020 9rcurtaral wvm forestry. fishenes. am omw@ ..... ......... 862 950 1.086 1.112 1,402 1.603 775 to) 101 662 (0) 380 Yt . ............ . ..................... .. ... . . ........... . ...... . . . .......... 1.398 469 528 339 392 409 (D) 153 114 to) Clonsrucholl ... . ..... . .......................... ....... 5.199 5,469 6,703 8,454 9,794 11.255 3.045 3.921 5.098 5,247 10) I S. @ 5.452 M3M#JCtLnlf 8.800 9.157 13.890 18,501 24.930 30,437 22.732 23.227 25.330 24.150 :3.4Z4 33.M NonaLtraw vous ....... . .... .............................. ........ 2,955 4,007 4,842 4.166 4.699 5.423 9,693 10.732 10.211 10.905 12.K7 14.152 Duraw Rows, . ......... . ............ 1 5.845 5.150 9.048 14.335 20,231 25.014 13.039 12.495 15.119 13.245 15.817 18.933 Transconatim and Uk Utilities ..... . ............................ ...... 9.722 11.194 12193 14,241 14,417 14.229 (0) (D) to) (D) M to) whoWsw t . ..... . . . ...................... . . ........... . . . ... . .......... 4,447 8.575 9.526 9.619 10,348 12.140 5.935 S.075 11.493 12,093 13.759 '15.465 Retad trace ................................... . ..... . ........... . . ......... . ....... -'s - - 19,927 19.976 21.733 23.089 25.339 29.611 20.311 19.516 Z2.187 24.129 447 32.554 NWM. insurancit. ard reatt estate ............................... ..... . ... 3,164 3,490 4.057 5,052 5,665 6.410 2,433 2.688 3.079 3.416 1.998 4.479 Sewn ............................. ..... ............ ................................ .11.311 13.164. 14,492 16.131 18.0012 19.847 16,522 -.17,341 18.393 9.3 91 ZI.440 23.549 terlIntus" .............. 28.572 32.006 3046 47,199 41.825 45.664 11.265 1323 15oll? 5.124 1 S. 19 3 5.303 .............................................. . ........... 2.024 2.242 2,459 2.611. 2.965 3.151 1.038 1.162 1..194 :.,62 1.@30 1.5120 .... . ...............*........ ... 456 469 496 93 530 547 219 '34 ?39 141 56 @56 State and bw ... . ........... 187 13,554 13.421 i3362 .......... . ........ . ............................. ....... 26.092 29,295 31.291 34,085 38,330 41,966 10.008 12. 14.312 Of personnel incorne by place of residence Nxom by am Of 126!@ 136,083 14516 171.899 185.862 ?25.672 105.063 113.791 127.282 1351011 99 WU= 1 151. 181.470 .em pelsoo OMMO11111110 for SOCW if&"DM by Place of work- 5,451 5.987 6.505 6.882 7,855 9.D59 5.060 5.390 5.737 6.0381 i,9411 3 QU Nel laW and OMDnM Income Dy DOM of work .... . ..................... 121.505 130,096 140.011 165.017 IM1007 216.613 100.003 108.401 121.495 129.7701 1,15,023 173.337 of re. W- e- ............................. 34,068 32.436 35.753 41.531 45.183 48.988 9.304 9.075 !0.816 13.1301 :4 91 7 6.502 Diinaenlm. interest. ano rem, ............ 155.573 162.532 175.764 206.548 223.190 255.601 109.307 117.4761 !32.311 142,9001 19.5531 199.139 ............ ........................ I 32.515 36.742 38,263 33.836 49.300 57. 28,812 31-908 33.155 37171 *-061 49,529 @'Us: frxwer Dirreno; ...... ............................................................... 28.583 34,620 38.117 41,234 45.129 51.626 15.844 :9.332 20,926 22.427 Z.- 667i Personal income by Place of rnww . ...................... . ................. 216.671 znj% 25zl" 291.619 317.619 374,740 153,963 16&7 16 18&402 2oUod ZZ7131 Jots OW100-111 (dollami ............. ........................... 4.391 4.720 4.973 5.U5 6.240 7.413 5 5.sQ 6.491 7.010 7.767 9.011 111111111111001notes at eN of tables. ISIU)nh LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 131 Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Ukes Region, 1974-75--Continued IThwunfis of Green Uke, Wisconsin Iowa, Wisconsin 1974, 1 1975. 1 1976' 19771 19781 1979, 1974- 19751 1975' 1 1977- 1978- ! 1979, Lab" &W Pawn ars, ncom by PLACR Of work, By wallt &V SAL" ftbulrv@.. 43.125 43.518 47.199 55,010 63,644 72,420 26.M 28,954 31.348 35.347 41.543 49.323 oth" M.. 4.372 4.645 5,393 6,553 8421 9,282 1,910 2,233 2.620 3,172 3.778 4,620 ftisiarvion - 13.352 14,773 12,977 16,135 16.859 20.796 20379 21,717 18.454 21,016 20.908 27,470 Ism 7,754 8,943 6,985 10,129 10.525 13.666 14,619 15.721 11.618 14,264 13.811 19.435 NMUW -... ................ 5.598 5.930 5.99? 6,006 6,334 7.130 5.560 5,996 6,936 6.15Z 1,091 8,035 Farm ........................ 8,529 9.676 7,771 10.986 11.487 14,916 17.1 DS I8,U7 14,104 16.986 16.872 23.455 lilordim ...................... 52.320 53160 57,798 66,712 77.037 87.582 31.016 34,517 38.318 42.549 49357 57.958 ft"fe ..................... . ... 46.994 47.204 53.320 59,743 69.122 78.934 23.573 26.147 29.489 33.498 39.632 47.707 4ria"Ji wMes. forestry. lawm. am One ................... 199 171 141 215 239 (D) 559 547 514 575 669 801 K" . . ...' .. ....................... 589 98 735 803 695 (D) 4&3 431 4FA 4U 522 587 C&Mwen -LL.............. 4.069 4,700 5,655 7,493 7.975 9."0 2.312 2,270 2107 3,376 4.977 6.865 1111aftsixtur" 1. @...........I..........-24.1184 23,194 25.760 30,152 35.935 40,355 2.031 2,066 2.916 3,601 4,858 6393 hanuabie to= ..................L....... ............. 9,205 8,707 9.182 11.109 13.002 13.964 1.313 1,439 1.546 1,718 2.275 2.709 Duraw jam L... . ... .....L................... 15.679 14,487 16.578 19,D43 22.933 26,391 718 627 1.370 LU3 2.593 3.674 In"'t"u'l-on AM Pat Ul"'JeS --- ................... ................. 2,846 2.999 3,OU 3,493 4.465 4,955 4.356 4,935 5.199 5,956 6,916 7.760 whasm M....... ..... ....................... ...... .... ... 741 1,619 1,623 1.740 2.122 2.541 1,400 3.034 3.285 4,005 4,738 5.675 slew Plot ........................... .......... . ... 7.311 7,120 7,442 8,411 9,341 10.686 61822 6,087 6,541 6.594 7,068 8.313 Fmm rimmm &v ru 1.408 1,528 1,748 1.923 2.127 2.324 1.403 LS38 1,863 2,122 2,309 2.549 ser"M ........... . .. . ....... ........... 4,957 5.185 5,172 -5,513 6.233 7,474 4202 5239 5,896 6,191 7,575 8334 G" m jro pm oi a i emvwm,l ...... . . .............. 5326 6,056 6,478 6,969 7.915 8,748 7,U3 8,370 8.229 9,051 9.725 10,251 F6*3f. OvAan @...................................... . ....... .--.-..- 632 678 806 787 904 960 920 960 1,045 1.157 1.310 1.393 Featial. MWtay . ......................................... . .............. 151 157 163 163 171 178 149 157 161 163 169 169 Sure &V W.V ........ ..... ............ ........................ 4,563 5.221 5,509 6.019 6,940 7,610 6.374 72S3 7,623 7,731 8246 8.689 offmtson of persons) income by pba of respiIiiince TOW lam MW plop tors, I,= tpv PLM of wom .... . . . .......... 60.849 62.936 0,569 77.698 B8.524 102.498 48.124 52.904 52,422 59.535 66129 81.413 I=: Pt w ofintrioutions for socuff asanto Py pbe at work.-., 3,112 3.178 3.314 3,691 4.290 4.981 1.861 2.033 2.163 2,345 2.767 3.199 woormorl, - le by Plate of work-- 57,737 59,758 6U55 74.007 84.2" 97,517 46,263 50.866 50259 57,190 63.462 78215 Plus- Resonce jalusbyest ..................... .. ........... ... 3.029 3.622 4.03 4259 4,136 4,658 M616 9AU 9.771 10.597 11.660 12.239 MM War ard pigiarielm gwim by pw of 60.766 63390 66,708 78,266 98380 102,175 56479 60.754 60430 67,787 75.122 "'454 Pla. Nvaimift Inim. xv refo,--- 15.230 17.199 17,981 20.592 23,M 26.815 323n 14.162 14.611 16,650 18.724 21.846 Pitts: Tiarder Wrom .................... . . 11,961 14,919 16,199 17.503 19,623 22,426 10.358 12,551 13.5M 14.221 15,570 17.853 hirmw mom by pkm ot fasidKM am "All 10U78 116.351 13IA97 151A16 am 97AV IL150 SUM 1 09.416 LVW pwmvm incom (ddm)--- 5.112 5.911 SIM Ij 1 430 5"4 M 6AU Irm Wisconsin Jackson. Wisconsin 19741 1975' 1976, 197r 197r 1979, 1974, 1975' 1976' 1 197 197r 1979- Ubor and PnWietors' iftome by pLvA of w*W By toe ollier Wor inco" 1,112 9*113 11,231 12,419 13,150 11,112 31,113 13,112 37,171 11.111 41,111 14.112 Plborielors mcarw ..................................... 670 736 854 1,108 1,253 1.391 2253 2,853 3,452 4.409 SAI 5354 Fam L.......... . ........ ........ ............. .................................. 1.490 2.012 1.953 2,310 2,615 3.D61 10,9za 9.957 8.516 10.404 12.723 15.048 W"' "" sw """M .. .... . . ................ . ............................. -53 63 -40 79 276 367 6.693 5,731 3.717 4,758 6.976 8.622 11411113m, .............. . . ............................... ............ . ..... ...... . .......... 1.543 1,949 1,993 2231 2.339 .-2.694 4.235 4,226 4.799 5.646 5,747 6.426 By It f2m.- .... . .............I................... ................. . .......... ........ ........ . ........ 103 231 126 260 478 614 8.397 7.558 5,444 6.648 9,D99 11.365 . ... ...... ..... .................... ............... ....... . ....... . ............. 10.749 11,780 12.919 15,647 17,240 19.250 36.257 38.814 43.798 50.890 .5,552 64.419 ..................L................ ................................. . ... . .......... 3 A,,,.,. sar"m. jonesfq, Pfgr . ...... 8,349 9.182 10.243 12.717 13.ai2 15.370 30.067 31.976 6,595 43.110 46.780 54.761 U-1 0 1') 111 411 111 116 1.171 1.111 -- ** **......... ........ ** ..........*......*.......... -116M (0) (0) Gons=1011 ..... . ........ (D) (01 (DI (0) 'twits . .................. I......... . .... . ... ...... ....... 490 777 629 921 ID) (0) 6.388 6.829 &.111 9.976 3.556 11.169 WIN .. ......... . ....................... . ............... ---'-..... 3,670 3,677 4,554 5.914 6,205 6.201 5.685 5.433 5,991 6.528 7,222 8.200 honvae gm ............................. ...... .... .............. ........ 136 155 187 211 (D) fD) 2,874 2.925 3,181 3.113 3.159 Wraw I= ............. ..................... 3.298 Trarisa"tion and Pubic utilities .......... ..... 3,534 3.522 4,367 5,703 (D) (D) 2,811 2.508 2.810 3,355 4,063 4.902 Whommahe trace. :7-"-'-"'-'- 489 480 484 539 (D) (D) 1.622 1,636 1.760 3.2a4 3,560 3.793 ........ . ....................... . ..... 277 329 366 367 419 530 736 1.356 1.421 - -............ ** ------ Retail tram .................................................... 1.520 1.672 2.DO7 2.133 2,251 2.234 2,506 2,850 3.490 6,337 6.476 7,085 8.523 10.052 12.155 Firim. mwanot. and real estate 270 285 386 545 539 593 994 1,172 1,361 1,395 1.540 1.676 servcm . ........................................... ....................................... 1.136 1.385 1,619 1,923 1,992 2.326 ID) (D) (D) (0) (D) (0) Gwvwr*M and joverafflent enterginses" ..... . .............................. 2.400 2.598 2,676 2.930 3.428 3,880 6.190 6.838 7103 7,790 8,772 1658 FtWil*Pvdwn .................. . ............ ............. ................. ... 292 330 392 331 391 416 679 732 875 919 1.026 1.091 FW"* niddarf ............. -! ................ -:---*....... ......... 103 101 107 109 113 126 174 175 Sim am 1111:111 . ........ . ............. ................. 181 186 194 208 2.005 2,167 2.187 2,490 3 XU 5,337 5.931 6,147 6.675 7.552 8.359 1416-tioft of W.1 ime b, Ice of resaIjersce TOW labor SM 11100111! Ori 0113offie by Pace of oik ......................... 10,852 12.011 13,045 15,907 17,718 19,864 44,654 46,372 49.242 57.538 64.651 75.784 Less- Pusonau contrtbutions,lor soco msufance by piam of wock 700 764 821 926 1,022 1.177 2.188 2.284 2.504 2.758 3.D44 3.531 ft labor am propwon, notle by puce of wurk ........................... 10.152 11.247 12.224 14.9BI 16,696 18,687 42.466 44.088 46,738 54.790 61.607 72.253 Pin. Racerce adwaiml ............................................................. 5.863 4,708 4,194 4,766 4.958 5.728 3.257 3,460 4.070 4,517 4,931 5@206 No Nor ard wwwovs, in=ne by. Place bf resadera ... . . . ............. 16.015 15.955 16.408 19,747 21.654 24,415 45.723 47.5" 50.808 59.297 66.533 77.559 N& NvdmdL aWM xd rent, ............ ... :---....1.0 ............... 3.456 3.649 3,735 4.22'2 4.741 5.521 7.6U 9.120 9@347 10.555 11.874 13.949 Plus, Trivistv orfftft ........... L................. . ............ .......... 6.300 7.354 8,141 8.978 10.129 11,381 11.039 13.365 14,405 15.06 17.193 19.361 pw"I"! by Place Of (ft,W -"we ......................................... Z5.771 Z619511 Z9294 32.947 36.524 41.317 64.450 70,033 74-W, 85258 110.769 p. -.t. -'""g im@ 3,812 3.995 5.5% 4.085 4,40 i 5.= 5.M 6.4" 132 LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME WISCOIN Table 5.-Personai Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79-Continued (Thousands at doftarsj Jeffersdia, Wisconsin Junuu. wisconsm 19741 1975, [97V 1977- 197r 197? 19741-T 1975' 1 197P 1977, 197r 1- 1979- Labor and "*",I income try ,ace o, wow BY type Wage and salary 179,597 194.876 203,590 229.658 260.694 299.698 36.522 35.097 39.98.3 45,225 52.3" Other Labor incon ------- 5.468 i.: 13.710 15.954 18,987 22.976 26.232 30.910 2.785 2.928 3.666 4,507 i raw .27.307 33.299 25,247 35.920 35.152 45.428 12,429 13.286 12.285 17.532 18,153 21i 9,371 13.930 4,681 14.813 12,955 20.606 6.842 6.839 5.717 10,632 10.362 1 5.@ Nor ta..' 17.936 19,469 20,566 21.107 22,197 24.822 5.587 6,447 6.568 6AG 7.ni 3.1 Farm 13.828 18,601 9,118 19.677 18,434 27,905 7.614 7,669 6.490 11.490 11.314 16-1 loolans 206.796 215,528 238.706 268,877 303.634 348Z31 44.122 43.643 49,444 W84 64.151 77_4 Pff4ft 183,812 189.989 212.162 240,169 271.311 31ZS54 33.940 32.849 37,895 44.000 51.131 S82 Agriculture! sm Weft fishm and oW.- (0) (D) (D) 1.220 (0) (0) (0) 323 337 (0) (D) (0) (D) (D) 71 (0) (0) (0) (L) (L) (D) (0) COMMON 10.495 10,314 11,518 14.143 16,139 17.359 1.369 1.405 1,06 1,928 U30 2-' mallulactunn 99,627 103.825 119,830 136,357 153,533 180.041 14.001 12.139 14.426 15.776 20.552 24-1 Marlow" Race.- 36.559 41.198 43.819 47,747 52.658 61.747 l.lD9 1.902 2.219 3.011 3.616 4,5 Duraw goods- 63,068 62,637 76.011 88,620 100,875 118.294 12.892 10.237 12.207 13.765 16.936 193 Transtalartalam ard m;* ut"m.--.-- 9,180 8.142 3.730 9,328 11,615 11.302 2.541 Z.509 2.822 3.162 3.490 1 Z Wholesale na_ 8,572 10,505 10.024 12,010 12.460 14,617 819 1,719 1.728 1.593 1.790 Z.: Rew 27.199 26,442 28.179 29,594 33.745 39,452 7.924 8,181 9."9 9.904 11.143 12.1' finance. murm and real estate- (0) 4,941 5,919 7,069 8.134 8.941 937 924 1.121 1,334 1.539 1.4 Services.- 23.151 24.873 26.905 30377 34.136 38,879 4,334 5.635 6.5U 6,778 7.520 7.a Governmad ard pkirkment extertarm- 22,974 25,539 26,5" 28,708 32.323 35,677 10,182 10.794 11.549 11.784 11020 14.1 Faftlt MAN 2052 2.M 2.574 2,654 am 3,045 2.8% 3.186 3,587 3.338 3,511 IS Federal. nuoy - 5S 579 600 606 60 . 654 696 lei 201 162 161 1 staft am 111:111- 20.369 Z2,671 Z3j?Q Z5.448 2017 31,978 602 7,4V 7.761 SA14 9M LOS_ Derwartim of personal income by piece d residence Total Wor and proprevars' irokine by *m of work.-.--..-- 220.614 234.129 247.824 288.554 322,068 376.036 51.736 51.311 55.934 67,264 75,965 381 L= NMOftal cuMbutoris for =3W instuarice by place ad wwk..- 12.248 12,720 13.510 14,681 16.752 19,528 2.631 2.662 2.922 3.132 3.625 4 1: Net labor &M propleb ' i - all by On at work.-- 203266 221.409 234,314 273,373 305.316 356.508 49.055 48.649 53.012 64.132 72.344) 34.6 PN&- Residence XWnW-.- 24.142 27,414 30347 35.917 41.674 45.672 2.563 3.312 4.059 4.994 5.623 S.-' 4d wor am Wcorlet", inconx by place of residence- 232.508 248.923 265,261 309.790 346.990 MIN 51.618 52.461 57,070 69.126 77.968 40.9@ AM Dvdmdt Interest. and rwl "A34 48.870 4664 55.483 SZ103 71.996 10.549 11.740 IZO43 13.666 15.371 17.9@ Plus: Trinster partro". 36.072 45.OU 48,946 5M 56.481 64.762 14.266 17'sw 18.906 20,042 2U41 2 5-"' @ PC bv Oaks cpt radweve- 3L3,414 342.711 363 gn 417A76 46W4 mun 7LSn U."I s"19 IOLS34 I Lim 1.3141: Pw c*b wonse (doibn)--- 4,955 SXA us 1 6.4221 7,101 U" 4= 4.M 4.601 sm S.7501 LL Weeks, M K IN 1974' 197 19761 19M 19781 197r 19741 197? 1976- 19M 197r 197r Labor and propisitti. incomil by piece of wore 'y Wage and salary 449.915 459.180 472.192 484,&% 572.326 698,715 36,294 38,031 39.996 40,926 43,713 55.4; Other War wo. 56.909 66.014 67,647 70.764 94.856 1 D9,003 2.927 3.784 3,597 4,239 5.093 5., : Nview, i 30,820 33.957 33.993 41,348 42.620 49.357 13.414 13.682 14,250 15.869 19,451 25..' Firm. 13.987 lg.;, 3M 4,489 686 7,094 6.631 9,775 8,967 8.789 8.853 10.659 Warin'.. 27,431 29,468 33.297 34.264 35.989 39.582 4.417 4.993 5.397 5.210 5,464 6.1.1 Farm By wwm, 5,167 6396 2.456 9.025 3.816 12.646 10,150 10.061 10.0" 11.959 15.446 2U: sontiffn 532,377 552,755 571.366 587.643 690,986 834.429 42J85 44,936 47,689 49.075 57.816 66.4; Pmill'-- . . ........ *,---",",* ................ .. . ..... 471,677 491.932 506.799 523.664 624.310 765.959 35,366 36,893 28.895 40.057 47.7D4 55.4 AgnaAft w"= forestry. fishelikes, and ow-- 662 572 579 (D) (0) 3.0 131 134 253 424 4;' .mom . ... ....................... 0 0 (L) (D) (0) W (0) (0) (D) (0) 24.023 24,336 27,236 30,6S3 53.108 89.743 1.707 1,906 2.711 3,154 3.8" 4. - ---------- 320,066 317,177 315.859 314.311 372.702 454.609 19.577 19.334 18,3116 17.717 22.200 zs.;. Mondurablel goods 19.310 20,000 23.420 26.152 29.625 30374 2.687 2,951 3.253 6.339 5.556 Dwa* goods. ..... ..... 3DO.756 297,177 292.439 288.159 343.077 424.235 16.890 16.3&3 15.133 11.378 15.6" 21.4, Tnitscortation and public ublifies 19,741 19.254 21,721 26.498 29.166 31.515 (D). (D) (D) (0) (D) ic whokesall, traft . .......... . ............... ... ....... 11.434 13,703 13,917 14.801 17.104 19.077 Uu 2.243 2,745 2.j4j 2.207 31@' ReW trade ......... . . ... . ......... ................ ..... 42,973 46,492 49,703 52.617 57,732 65,313 5,621 5,257 5,485 5.906 7.662 3.0: FiriViCe. Insurance. and real estate ..... ...... ... . .. . ..... .......... 8,336 9,705 10,960 12.420 13.591 14,870 1,048 1.0" 1.362 1,513 1.633 1.2 5l."2 60.5&3 66.905 69.938 79,255 87,788 3,874 4,417 5.108 .5.521 6,198 6.; Gomwerri and goww ment enteronses" 53.700 60.923 64.567 63,979 66.676 68.470 7,019 8,039 8.794 9.003 10,112 Federal. cWtan ............................................................ . .......... .3.078 3.252 3.698 3.908 4.363 4,635 1.104 1.198 1.469 1.2191 1.470 Federal. military .............................................. . .... ..... ......... . 944 1.003 1.023 1,018 1.014 1,075 272 270 287 '91 1 3111 Sure and local .... . ................................................. . .................. 49.678 56.658 59,946 59.053 51.239 52.760 5.643 6.570 7.038 7,498 8,341 U: Derniation d persaul income by pim of residence Total labor and onconim I I:= by oacif of work_ 537.5" 559.151 573.82i 596.668 699,902 347,07*5 5ZS35 54,997 v.733 61@034 73.252 87.7-, Len PW=M cornintutforn; for social insurance Dy @;@- 29.116 30.239 29,788 30,171 36.134 42.188 2.511 2.636 2.693 2.679 3.1841 3 @z 4et k9W 3M DrM*tOrS AWN of P642 Of work ........... . ............ !08.428 528.912 544,034 566.497 663,668 304.887 W.024 52.36L @5.050 58.355 70,078 94.1: ft. R adjustrinent .................................. 61,790 69,498 84.9D4 108.026 110.020 4et labor and [ko"ton incorne by place of r@; - ----- * 99.133 8.868 9.668 12,9301 16.9331 5 . .................. 570,22 598.410 628.938 674.523 773,688 62.029 67.9301 75.2931 1".1 " 904.020 9.892 39.60 ;4*b@ Film Dividend& werest. and rent, ...................................................... 72.048 79,036 80.459 89.936 100.244 115.824 13.567 14.979 1.1.6201 17.910 20,139 23.4@ An. Transfer paythents ................................ ............... . .................... 69.723 86.377 100.779 116.417 119.311 134.087 10.083 12.507 14.0811 15.0121 15.983 PQrw1W aworm by plam at r ........... ..... . ............ 711.939 7r'1 m 810,176 SMA76 "3.243 1.153.931 U342 89.515 97ml oulsI I 25.7211 Pff It"da perswal incom (dodan) ........................................ . ... sm 6.175 6,572 7.176 7,"4 9.M 4,147 4.516 '.919 5,347 6.159 See footnotes at end of tables. LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 133 Table S.-Personal income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79--Continued U Crow, Wiwonsin Ufayetle@ Wisconsin 1974' 19751 19761 1977' 1978- 1979- 1914, 1@75- 1976' 19771 197V 1979- LAb*' WW 1"ReWWOM' OCOM by PLK* 01 WWt* ft t"o am UWV datarvow- 289,249 314.219 358,495 399.646 455,940 516.093 20,627 24.693 27.079 29.856 33.831 37.496 swor "" 21.520 26.195 31.540 37,395 44,139 51,127 1,193 1,825 2.234 2.691 2.9S7 3.268 p calm 34.894 32,279 39,009 40,936 42.929 52.478 26,348 26.708 21.491 27,888 27,466 41.999 fAm 8194 7,494 7,728 9,375 12.664 16,172 21.677 21,680 16.358 22.909 22.365 36.258 aw 26.000 24.785 31AI 31-41 30155 36.306 4,671 5.028 5,133 4.979 5,101 5341 ................ 1. ........... 10,172 8,866 9,014 10.781 14.240 18.231 24,772 24,460 18351 25349 25.557 40'"T ......................... 335.491 363,827 420,030 467,196 528,768 601,467 23,896 29,766 31,863 34.6&6 38,737 42.316 289,887 312,351 364,284 407.856 462,927 530.616 16.778 20325 23.400 25,541 28.446 3120 CURIO* "W forem. faiwies. W otw ........ . ........ 603 755 798 942 1.049 1,175 330 325 315 426 (a) (01 t .. - .. . - I .... -....................-344 330 294 133 110 129 279 1.410 1.652 2.045 (D) (D) U @ . .. ..... . ... ..... . ...... Contruclion ..... . ........... 20.625 21,109 25.559 32,746 36.860 41,174 1,322 1.371 1,424 1.453 1.573 1.793 Minviacit"I .................. ........... 97,714 104,244 123.B29 133,570 159.401 179,075 2.130 3,005 3,939 4.459 5.934 5.373 .. . ..... .... ...... 31.090 33.551 44,385 43,963 55,161 63,540 8" 1.226 1,225 1.248 (0) (D) Duraw jocas ..I.-I, ....................... 66,624 70,693 79.444 89,607 104,240 115,535 1.286 1.779 2,514 3.211 (D) (0) 1.31tw Im Am vUw ulwits .............................................. 33,787 30,D09 37,826 42.150 43398 54,667 2.472 2,989 3.662 3.577 4.312 5.102 whkoponowmtorkoe .......... ................ ................... .................... .. 26.646 30.855 33,728 37.368 42,569 49.163 UZI 3.374 3.601 4,190 4.W 5.424 R" tra&... ... .. .... ................... .... 43,490 48.375 54351 59,305 65,492 73,189 5.267 4,733 4,946 4.899 5.348 6.405 FIN1111:111, ad Ing estaft.@- &452 9.256 11,063 13,321 14,961 16.111 968 1.124 1.359 1,477 1,656 1.827 Sv"xL--- 58M. 67.418 HAI- U321 ".087 115= Z= IM 2.703 3.015 3,467 3.415 Gwermtem xW Vverwern ev-pi 51,476 55.746 59.340 65,841 70,351 I'M 8.041 &453 9.145 1001 IU16 Femal. civ*w ........................ ..... . .. . .. 4,677 4.995 5.580 5.909 6.886 7,318 691 788 874 950 1.054 1.121 Fed"S. Md . ............. . ....... ........... 956 990 1.020 1.044 1.109 IJBI 137 145 ISO 150 157 157 Still am low ... . ... ........ . ............. 39.971 45.501 49,146 52.398 57,946 62.352 M 7AD9 7.429 8.045 9,090 10.038 of wSo" onciorm by 04M of Mwencei t-,.n owle irs, ox" by clam of work. .. . .. ............... 345.663 372.693 429.044 477.977 543.DO8 619,698 49.168 53.225 50.8N 60,435 64.294 82.763 Lem! Pwwu cofitnioula" lot smw rtiwuranice by puct 01 Wit 19.010 20.262 22.972 25,145 28.963 33.840 1,462 1.713 1,810 1,875 2.116 2.434 UM ad W-111101.nnm by 0= of Work 326.653 352.431 406.072 452,932 514.045 595.858 46.706 51.513 48.994 58.560 62.178 90.329 0. xhistinalit -27.467 -30,073 -34.954 -39.277 -45,336 -51,004 9.039 9.237 10.620 11.872 13.580 15.251 Lim ard onIoI. ors: w a by Dim at 2".186 322.358 371.118 413,555 468,7D9 S34,8511 55.745 60,750 59.614 70,432 75.758 95.590 - DNkNndL .10 and 52,785 58.539 62.960 73.496 $2,075 94,900 13.235 15.209 15.678 17.941 20.109 23.503 phm. T-answ P,-. 51.146 62,495 68.037 73.591 80.913 93.136 9.118 10.676 11.259 12,630 14,012 15.828 A- by Ofts of 4MA17 443.M MU15 SOD= 63LW 7zu" MCI* 8114" "1 IWA3 109,J79 UU11 toft memo (deftin) - MIS SX5 SAR 1-" 4-M I" IV" S-W 6.119 7A6 uftgwk wwaarwn w3convin 19741 1975' 1976' 1977" 197r 19791 1974' 1975' 1976' 19171 197r 1979- Ubot and piropnetiors' income by place of woV By type VIM arw $aary disoujim" ... . .... .............. 36.292 39,102 42365 47,107 52,773 59.264 54,942 59.475 68.562 78,099 89.136 96.460 2.325 2.895 3.416 4,D99 4,745 5,472 4.222 4.952 6.142 7,490 8.705 9.943 .... . ................. ............... .. ... ....... ....... 11,160 11.8DO 7,115 12.119 14,190 15,470 9.664 9.943 10.08 11.814 13.990 16.219 M LF-11111 5,613 5,964 746 5.153 6,879 7.220 3,763 3.025 3,436 4.524 UZI 7.678 WNW ..... . .. . ... . ............ . ... ........................ . ...... 5,547 5,936 6,369 6.966 7311 8.250 5.901 6,119 7,OZ2 7.290 7.662 8.541 By lF -,@ Ri ................... . ..... ...................... I-- .......... . ................... 8.015 8.536 3.167 7,805 9.859 li,085 4.500 4.617 4.181 5.342 7.247 8.867 .... . ...... ..... . ..... ........ ..... 41.762 45.261 49.729 55.520 61,849 69.123 64,328 69,753 80.981 92,061 104.$84 113,655 ........ . . .. . .......................................... . .. . .............. ........... 33.759 36,480 41,024 46.828 51,945 58.034 S5.824 60.063 70.689 80.352 91,001 99.255 41"- wvm* 'MM, 10-IM, 1Rd WW ...... .........*111 128 141 111 321 111 11) (0) (D) 326 488 559 ............... 0 0 0 72 80 (D) (D) (0) (D) W IL (L) '.3 '.2 . ..... . . ........ I'M 1,639 2.289 2.742 3.156 (D) 2.567 2,998 3.972 69 - 9 5.204 9.885 10.576 11,419 12,961 15.521 17,272 29.549 30.637 37.278 42.821 49.020 52.229 flionar" 2,883 2.957 3.479 3,711 4.772 5.224 14,531 15.ID6 18.560 20.699 24,089 26.314 Dw,3b* floom ........_... .............. ................ 7,DO2 7,619 7.940 9,250 10,749 12,048 15.018 15,531 18,718 22,122 24.931 15.915 "a"W"M - PAW d*,- 1,112 3,157 1,911 1,431 1,114 4,111 2,111 2,131 1*113 2,111 3,361 '3,617 %laws* 3.287 4,424 5,41Z 5,986 6.186 6,782 2.398 2.909 2-M 2.714 2.743 3.049 Relad trade ..... . ........................ 8.907 8.659, 9.594 11.461 11.711, 13,126 8.085 3,582 9X4 10,247 11.303 12.5U FIRM. Munk". kno reat e"e.. ........ ... ..... .......... 1.278 1.512 1,739 1,811 2.146 2,286 2.572 2.909 3.731 4.380 5.102 5.800 ... .... ..... -*"-" ---- --------------- . ..... .......... . ...... 5,735 6,285 7,355 8.094 8.B66 (D) 7.801 9,536 10.691 12.S80 13.687 15.175 Gowninem vio twArreat emarorm" ;.. . ................... . .... S.D03 8.781 8,705 8.692 9,904 11,087 8,504 9,690 10.292 11,70 13.S83 15.400 Faftal,awon ................. . .... . ................ . ...... .... . .............. 1,143 994 1,106 1,184 1,275 1.355 918 948 990 I.N4 1.1 39 1,211 Fed"I,nubtivy . . . . . . . . ... . ................ ......... 1.198 1.486 1,085 207 168 169 220 227 230 237 252 2V sulit am 5,662 .6.311 6,514 7.301 8,461 9.564 7,366 8,515 9,caz 10,378 12.192 13.932 of -tie ToW labor am Piwit On' incon tri pW of wit- ................ 49.777 53.797 52.896 63,325 71.708 80.206 68.828 74,370 85.162 97.403 111.931 122.S22 LeSS: PeM CMUW&M for social MUrance by aLact at work 2.543 2.701 2,949 3,154 3.527 4.088 3.854 4137 4.615 5.058 5.757 6.701 n 0M", income lay *w 0" NM WW and Poole 011' OW of OM of work ............. ....... . .... 47.234 51.096 49,947 60,171 68.181 76.118 64.974 70.233 80.547 92,345 106.074 115.821 pkft A I - I adionment ..... . ................ . .............. . .... ........... ._2.546 2,714 3.143 3,830 4,404 4.710 5,732 6,057 6359 8.113 9.060 10,064 Nd MW am pro"ors, ocaft" ow pum 01 mixam ......... . .......... 49.790 53,810 53.090 64.001 72.585 80.828 70.706 76.290 873D6 100.458 15,134 IZ5,8115 him. Nvdm. Wiff am rent'... ... . ................................ ... 9.139 10.403 10.551 11.811 13.251 15.422 11,790 12,963 13.151 14,711 16.471 19.122 PkIL Tranver paw. M 13- ......................... . ... .. . .................... . ...... . .11.088 17.554 19,154 20,355 22.570 25.727 17.581 21.629 22.963 24.947 27.636 32.082 PwUrAl by p4m oil ........................ 73,307 81.767 SZ7" W167 108,406 121.977 100.077 110= 123AN 144.116 :59.241 1"A" PW CMMU Dorko" W"@ (00"n) 3.311 4.122 4,221 -A199 5,445 amo 3.943 43715 4.970 5.472 6.152 6307 LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME WISCONSIN Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79--Continued [Nmods of WWI Manitowoc, Wisconsin Marathon, Wisconsin 1975* 1976- 1 1977- 19781 1979- 1974- 19 1976- 19741 757 1978- 1979. -rctInelors' income by ,ace of W By ty" @!S'Iursemts .................. ................ . .................. 232.016 243,243 275.303 301,314 3N.805 380.081 309,755 334,554 380,148 440.636 .197.386 545.728 .......................... . ... . ........................ .... .......... .. 20.620 24,262 29.280 33,874 38.529 44.663 25.194 30.072 36,099 44,475 51.482 !8.446 . ....................... ............................. 36.983 40.996 40.728 48,515 53.698 66.228 42.665 48,972 52.321 57.507 70.410 87.307 17,111 11,013 11,131 11,161 19,141 11,71, 11,770 21.9&3 22,429 25.438 36.424 49.705 .. . .................. 19,978 21.963 22,597 n.348 24,558 27.517 23.895 26.989 30.392 32.069 33.986 37,602 .......... By ino"OF 71 ..... . ...... L9.486 21.576 20.520 Z7,781 32.074 42.555 22.571 26.069 26.306 29.671 41.153 55,919 270.133 296.915 324.791 3S5.922 39U58 44&417 355.043 387,529 442,762 H2.947 578.125 635.662 ............. ......... 242.994 256,893 M.438 3ZU60 36329 410,200 314.470 341,112 392.762 459.696 518.986 571.064 sw ovW..-. 679 637 777 lj" 1.208 1.335 (0) 966 1.108 (D) IAS 1,646 .......... ............... 391 599 455 642 941 1,090 (0) 829 389 (D) 853 1.034 .......... . ............ 15.208 14.119 16.494 18,M 22.618 24.703 17.798 19.541 22.412 29.348 33.994 31.521 .. ............. 146.201 150,701 175.858 192.759 216.826 242,348 143,373 149.872 175,710 204.716 228.354 241.798 . .. . ............ . 21,939 Z2,962 26,504 29.938 31,5a3 34,353 56.852 60.295 7D.715 82.144 87,479 93.090 ,.;a::e qxM ..... ......... . . ........... 124,263 127,739 149.354 162,921 185.243 207.995 86.521 89.577 104.995 122.572 140.875 148.718 Ind DUM U110" .............. 10.8" 11,075 11.786 13.019 14,794 19.820 23.084 23.440 26.020 30.177 33.942 38.201 :,me ................... ................... - ----- 10.395 13,804 15.D97 15.664 16.627 19.052 19.986 27.227 31.315 35.867 40.781 41,536 2 29.192 31.912 34,840 38.389 43.750 37.050 39.655 44.122 47,848 14. ................... . ............ .......... ... .. .......... ......... .. 28.133 665 60497 rwa. and reA estate ............ ...... 5.205 5,580 6.915 8.296 9 44,604 52.180 61.391 10,007 28,976 32.1" 36.410 "ry CM .................... . . ......... . ...... 25,968 31.196 38.156 42 76 8.105 47.438 54,776 64,993 34.154 .6 4 42.542 72.777 81.460 @,)vqtrnwt and qvientment aftentrim'.. 27.149 30,022 31.353 32.562 35.699 38.217 40,573 46.417 50.000 53.251 59.139 64.599 1 , `"@ ""' ,ierv, cmian . ..... 2,312 2j429* 2.729 2.0 3.362 3.573 5.166 U17- 6.933 7.019 7.456 .7.922 :c-@efal. 111titary 893 903 944 945 996 1,056 1.0" 1,071 1.120 1,138 1207 1,266 i 23.9" 26.690 27.680 28.788 31.341 33.598 XW 39.429 41,947 45,094 50.476 55,410 and 'NA ............ ...... ',2rivation of personal income by place of resitlence xr iia croonetom income oy %= 0 wort .......... . .......... 289.619 308.491 345.311 JaVD3 431,032 490.972 377.614 413.598 469.068 ;42.618 619.278 691.481 f .13 Inoutions lot socsal instuatice by Wee of work_ 15.749 16.716 18.110 19,301 21,933 2 21]17 '6 24.3" V.450 31.273 36,528 273.970 Z91.775 327.201 364,402 40Q.O" 465 75 "@4 444.724 '@Xr '-,a :rcomtm ricome Ity Dim of 357 193 391.590 515.169 598.005 654.953 -..,@!Zenm acpstiflern ......... . .. .................... 15.759 14.065 15,899 19.202 22.935 27 673 -1.877 -3.933 -8.361 -9.850 -9.966 V"O'onct)(113 MWO VY 031011 Of 289.629 305.840 343.100 393.604 4332.034 492 357.876 389.713 440.791 506.907 578.155 644.981 Fit= Dmftft &nte2sL ard reml.- 54.939 59.948 67-027 70.2D2 78.501 90.788 56.834 63,178 65.006 73.160 31,797 94.700. Plus: Tramfer pannim 48,240 59.124 62.788 67,994 74.993 85.189 51.877 64.8" 70.329 75,"6 84.039 97.941 pas"d in"M by place Cd 3U= 424.912 467,915 5ZLM SlLsn 66920 466W 517.799 57IL13 SKU3 743."l &V.634 it capa I eticeive (dom) 4.M 6.315 1 7,043 7= 4.5171 4454 5.494 63A U43 7MI Mwqoeft Wisconsin 1974' 1975, 1976, 19M 197P 1979, 1974' 1975, 197P 19771 197P 19790 Labor and proprietots' income by place of wore BY "" B qe and .zlarv Cabarsomts . ............. .. 96.633 103.205 117.410 137,527 161.855 188.997 12.336 12.658 '14.203 15.808 18.315 20.733 @!f a.V ricome ................... . . 8.222 9.618 11.968 14,934 18jol 21.944 894 996 1.250 1.490 1.727 1.986 "InVelm 14,918 16.634 16,721 20,264 22.761 27,254 6.098 6.753 3.266 5.856 6.021 7.934 'arm. .................... 5.549 6.482 5.495 8,479 10.362 13.359 4,082 4.611 707 2.959 2.9S4 4341 Nontaint'.. 9,429 10.152 11.226 11.795 12,399 13,895 2.016 2.120 2.559 2.897 3.067 3.493 . ................................ 6,244 7.228 6,190 9.239 11.216 14.494 6.029 6.717 2.643 5.082 5.347 7,483 ............. . .. . . ............ 113,589 122,229 139.909 161.486 191,701 223,711 13,299 13.690 16.Q76 18.Qk2 20,716 23.075 ..................................... . .... . ..................... 99.295 106,158 122,948 144,579 169.860 199.192 10,179 10.217 12.297 13.997 16.146 18,038 qncuitural sffvKm tomay, tW*ne& and otW ....... . .......... (D) (0) 426 (0) 510 548 94 122 117 141 160 176 %niiij ........................... ..... ............. . .... ............ . ... (D) (D) (L) (0) (L) (L) 0 0 144 145 160 (0) Consinicnon ....... . . . ............................ 3,425 2,811 3.102 3.601 4,315 4.449 (0) (0) (0) (0) (D) 1.364 vanufac . ............ 62.084 64,142 76.804 93.818 113.865 135.024 4.010 3,649 4.446 5.130 5.699 6.637 NorWable qooM .... . .. . .... ........... ...... 26.222 29,041 33.519 41,312 47,051 51.605 2,078 2.277 2.687 3.120 3.208 3.493 outaDw goom .............. .. ............. .. .___ . . ........... .35,862 35.101 43.285 52.506 56,814 93,419 1.932 1.372 1.759 2.010 2.491 3.144 Tramatortation and DuOlic 4.390 4,704 5.169 5,849 6,628 7,781 745 776 925 9" 1,101 1.306 INhowsale I. .................... . ....... - ------ 3.863 4.979 5,578 6,350 6,819 7.710 391 412 374 .187 (D) (0) Read tram ...... .......... ............................ ...... ...... ............. 13.930 15,738 16.531 17,707 19.315 22,978 1.979 Z.090 2.573 2.387 3.179 3.588 Fmance. nmraice. Ind real 2.487 2.912 3,387 3,951 4.349 4.805 359 378 464 605 780 SffVKCL. .7. 300 ......................... . ....... ...... ... __--_ 8.611 10,492 -11.939 12,785 14.048 15.876 (0) to) io) (0) (D) (D) Ciawrtimiml and Ravemment entuprM. .... . ............. ........... 14.294 16,011 16.961 18,907 21.841 24.519 3.120 3.473 3.779 4,065 4,570 5,037 -e 2 offai@ cviian ............ . ... . ............................ . ......... ............. 1,361 1,481 1,716 U38 .089 2.219 617 594 1*03 704 751 797 Mefal. .11,021Y .............. . ......... . ..................... ... . .................. 309 329 344 348 365 371 76 35 36 39 97 98 itjie Ina mat ........... . ............................................... .............. 12.624 14,251 14.901 16.7ZI 19.387 21.929 2.427 4.304 7.990 3.272 3,722 4.142 Derivation of personal income by pine ofresidence . B tv tabor and ocionette - income by pim of work ...... ............. .. 119333 129,457. 146.099 172.725 202.917 238.195 19.328 20.407 18.719 23.144 26.063 ALH .ess: Pers" contnoution; tor s=1 insurance dy m" ol work 6.773 7,253 7.920 8.928 10.503 12.239 390 905 1.002 1.084 1.217 1.399 Net labor JN1 CMDMIM Monte Dy place ot work .... . ...............1113.060 122.204 138,179 163,797 192.414 225.956 !8,438 19.502 7.717 '2.060 '4,846 29.159 adwttwmem@@ .. . ................ . .......... . .........I........... - i 1.061 -12.110 -14,599 -18.446 -24.176 -30.755 3.545 3.988 10,261 11 12.942 14,380 5Ity pLace of residence ..................... 1 101.999 110.094 123.580 145.351 168.238 195.2011 26.983 28.490 27,978 3 3:102 37.7881 43.!39 nus: 041delds. MIMI. and rent, .................................. . ................. 19.709 21.390 22.148 25.150 28.179 3 2:91291 1@099150 6.173 1@098 08 ggo :0.508 .-j&. Transter caymn ............. . . ............................ . .............. . ....... 27.384 33.470 36.545 39,670 43.916 49 3 3 9.886 10.931 133 Personai income by piece of ................... . .... .547 15.451 ............. . 149.M IK954 18ZV3 2150.171 240= Z77,8U 41.CU 45_Mg 45.997 51629 60-M 69.498 't capda offsonal income (dollam). ............................................ 4.032 4,361 4,743 JIM 6.112 7. 4,133 4.3" 4.417 5.012 5.419 6221 1001notes at end of taoles. WISCONSIN LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 13 5 Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79-Continued fThousands of dollarsl Milwaukee, Wisconsin Monroe, Wisconsin 19751 19761 1977@ 1978. 1979, 197V 19751 1976, 197-1, ;;781 i3791 Labor And Pirivow on tricorne by owe of writit, By tm 1014" AT UWV 5.139.605 5.284,746 5.762,330 6.260.439 6.922,410 7,661.095 74,413 80.928 91496 '101.419 14,239 1,30.35@ One UW '17.256 541.240 626.220 704,856 806.844 5.036 6,083 1.662 9.3 10.994 13. 174 - 471.807 278,024 304.237 335.826 351.115 370.999 404.303 22.024 20.205 20.584 24.437 27.834 36.405 IAD 1.277 -1.140 25 115 -102 13.228 10.303 9,920 13.747 15.917 24.029 276.904 302.960 336,966 351.090 370,894 404,405 a.796 9,902 10,690 10.917 12,376 a I W*Atfv 2.645 2.910 400 1.713 2.012 2,347 15.265 12,489 11.984 16A6 19.447 27.308 Nonfat, 5.922.240 6.057.BSO 6.638,996 7,236,061 7.996,253 8.869.895 86,208 94.727 107,75B 119219 133.620 152.619 hwilt 5.141.719 5.319,986 5.816,507 6,396."4 7,108.890 7.946.814 53,875 58.178 66,348 75.133 85.419 100.278 AVC.11.jj@ seirigncr. jarS!-. jno Ciw, 5.158 5.401 6.135 5.299 5,956 6.845 0) 343 337 (0) 366 440 11-1 1 1 1.799 1.398 1.464 2.133 2.282 2.178 (0) 189 217 (D) 214 258 Comit:Uclior. 285.651 258,704 301.398 332.017 361,526 385,066 3.333 3.152 3.715 4.495 4.76A 5.290 hLa-Ulactworl 2.270,498 2.353,636 2.520,965 2.761,703 3,098.062 3.436,802 14,896 14.872 19.097 24.127 29.757 36.308 horwaow 516.919 527.147 583,488 620.574 683,419 733.105 3.975 3,996 4.822 5.163 6. 7.549 Dwam fooc- 1.753.579 1.826,489 1.937.477 2,141,129 2,414,643 2.703.697 10.921 10.976 14.275 17.964 2119 If 3,168 28.759 ansoyulal jr-C Djbic Uld-les 427,927 427,295 467.657 507,985 559,152 662.986 7,731 8.169 9,234 10.076 11.087 13.360 whiriesa-e IF" . ...... 415,140 413,439 451,325 487.676 526.729 593.748 3,440 5,997 6.079 6.463 6.475 7.669 Raw 11joe ........... 549.577 525,764 569.866 612.317 671.299 725,928 12.767 12,289 13.023 13.588 15.195 17.517 finance. wwance, am f" estate .......... .. .... ........ ........... 340.687 365.387 420.312 481,838 538.921 597,873 2,518 3,175 3.712 4.072 4,558 5.172 Services - ....... . ..... --- ........ ....... . ................. ....... ........... 845,292 968,962 1,077385 1,205,486 1.344.963 1.535.398 8.722 9.992 10,954 11.727 13. 14A4 Goverrinneri and piterrimerit enierfem": I-. -................-680.521 737.894 822,499 939,617 981.363 923.081 32.333 36.549 41.410 44.086 48.201 Feiteir crininan ..... ............ ... ... .................. 120A51 132.362 148,667 164.207 177,161 189.267 19.192 21,556 25.044 26168 27903 52,341 M.I,tjrv ..... ........... ..................... 12.987 12.53S 15,470 14,135 14.674 13.440 1.153 1.499 2,095 1.981 2:163' 2: "U, Slate Ano Mai 547.Oa3 592.997 658.352 661,275 695.528 721.374 11.9aa 13,494 14.271 15.937 18.135 20.224 Derivation of personal income by place of residence Total L w and onwitiors irarne by Diace of WOR .. ..... .... .......... 5.824.885 6.060.790 6.639.396 7.237,774 7,999,26S 9.872.242 4 Less Pemonal Coninbulions lor soul insurance lp, DLAce of woK .. 101. 73 107.216 119,742 135225 153.0671 179.927 323.866 335.311 358.434 383.299 430.770 503.426 5.159 5.556 6,284 6,540 7.3971 8.M Met WW JnO DIWIMM income Dy PlaCe of Yok .. .................. 5.501.019 5.725,479 6.280.962 6.854.475 7.567,495 8.368.816 96.314 101,660 113,458 128,685 145.670 171.427 pnjs@ R. - adirstineil . ......... .. ....... ............... -792.799 -9RS43 -948.602 -1,056.617 -1.227,645 -1,407.4 15 -1.328 -1,629 -2.042 -2.518 -2.781 -3.406 Km ON And Ww-etom* inCoore by Diace of resboence .......... 4,718.230 4.887,935 5.332,360 5.787.MB 6.339.850 6.961.401 94.986 100.031 111,416 126.167 142.ug 168,021 PIUL NVerilis inteleg, AM letill . ........r.......... ................................. 860,992 909.874 906.767 988,823 1.099.556 1.268.014 15.987 19.287 20.159 23.178 Plus: Tfartse, IsAY-11" is. @ ... ........................................... ....... .... 26.D43 30.370 689.245 836.219 911.461 974,635 1,073,165 1,225,445 23.701 35,954 31.239 33.298 361591 40.894 Pw-w amm by PLM of ravilincie ............ ...... ....... ........... 62K467 6,634W9 7,L%= 7,751.316 L5W71 9.454j" 1"4 I55= 16Z1114 IM633 111,196 13M li" 000 Pirow atom *am) . . . . .................. .6= 6M 7,036 7,746 Llin 9,630 4,165 405 4.10 5,416 U" 6-W ocovirto, Wisconsin Vacronsin 19741 1975' 19761 1977- 1978- 1974- 1975- 197V 1977-1 1978-1 1979, UbOf and PrOPWors' income by place of work' By effse Wage am saian, drsbursernems ... . ............ ................. 40.389 45,546 49,120 Dtw UW '"W" ........... 54.417 61,426 67314 76.934 81,700 92,300 103,162 115.437 124,56; ............. .... ..... .3,165 3.994 4.663 5,462 6.210 6.952 5.533 6.457 7,943 Proof lots Inmrne, ................. - -- 9.346 0.565 11.76E 16.911 1806 18.086 22.372 25,450 31.081 8.809 9.939 11.665 12.922 1 .. ..... .... ..........-.......... 9.878 10.309 8.955 13.861 15.466 Nonfarm, ... . ...... ................. .............. 7,033 12.155 14.876 19.383 -218 -156 41 -6 167 20C Firm By in dustry ; 7.787 9.131 10,217 10,574 11,698 9.027 ID.095 11.624 12.928 13-694 15.258 Nonlatrin 11.057 11,575 10,147 13,460 '6.339 21.283 1.206 1.369 1.488 1.5al1 1.949 2.48' 49.407 56.061 61,722 68,791 76,747 84,064 90.070 96.727 110.320 123.849 137,9141 14931-, Agricultural Serit .es. t0,I,r$I.r.y,f,S.n.e,r,M.S.a.no OIN.r41,192 46.570 51,595 58,103 64.953 71.325 74,361 79,276 92,083 104.372 1163351 126,081 236 257 290 (D) 335 (D) (D) 470 484 631 7061 .. . ....... 117 141 127 (11 436 126 533 1 Construction . .......... ....................-.......... .......... ..... 3.008 3.267 3.930 5.188 6.076 6.480 6.079 6,196 7.317 47 "1 Manufacturing . ..................... .. .... .... 9. 7 11.1081 11.98" honowaw gooos_ ......... ..... 19.051 20.952 24,461 27,397 29.936 32.914 25.451 23.814 28.625 1,505 35.3091 ^16-09S 3 11.247 12.923 13,738 14,603 15,466 16.323 20.413 19.129 23257 25.344 27.415 26.09' Dufjoie gooos .. . .. .......... ....................................... 7.804 8.029 10.723 12,794 14.470 16,591 5,038 4.686 5.368 6.161 7a94 10.00Z ItanworuliOn Ana punlic utilities ............... ...................... 3.596 3.570 4.107 4.008 4.306 4.627 5.984 6.239 7,135 7.673 9.244 8.79 AN' 4,515 3,303 3,973 4,220 4.753 Relad it 1.516 3,468 4,491 4.490 4 '790 5,128 5.68@ . ........ ..... fiftarxe inwa InIc.e.. a.n.oI .r.e.a.i-e.s.ia.I.e............................ 7.206, 6.11U-7@250 7,504. 8,335 %706 14.425 17,093 19.375 20.769 Z2.445 24.62' servas 1.085 1.209 1.486 1.977 2,010 2.223 3.156@ 3.561 4,606 5.679 039 7.74, ..... ...... ... ... ... ..... I Gottervirem and 9wernment entemnses" . . . 5.297 5.714 6.641 7.094 8.919 9,446 15,078 16.976 19.625 23.315 26.136 29.97., Ft"al. cmiari , . - .... ........I...................... 8.215 9.491 10,127 10.688 11.794 12.739 15309 17.451 18.237 19.477 21.579 23.22- feotraj mroary., @ 1 -11 1 -. ...... 1.321 1.477 1,539 1.656 1.838 1.953 2,721 3,049 3.205 3.5541 4.013 4.26. . ..... 208 222 232 230 249 248 211 230 239 2451 State Ana W.1 , 6.686 265 7,792 8,356 8.802 9,707 10.538 12,777 14.172 14.793 15,67 Derivation of Personal income by place of residence a 17.301 18.7c. 61131 wor Ana orwortors imorne by place of wori, -1- ... . 60.464 67.636 IM: Personai conlitoulons for social insurance Dy mace of work 71,869 81.251 93.086 105.3427 951.276 98,096 111.80B 125.430 13U63 3032 3.399 3,556 @.857 4,368 5.06 3 Net um Ana woretors now" t)v place of wom .... .... ..... 58 5.718 6.266 6,772 7.654 17.432 64.247 69,313 78.394 88.718 100.285 85,918 92.378 105.542 118.6581 132.209 2.9 Phd.. Resdwe idjustryient .......... .. .. .. .. . ..... .... ......... 15,622 16.714 18,771 21.613 26.033 30375 -1.892 - 1.582 -1.656 -1,915 -1,8,7 IM LAW And PfooriflorS incorne by litace of iesioeme-- . .... .. 73.054 80.961 87.084 100.007 114.751 130,660 84,026 90.796 103.886 116.143 130.362 140.96: ft: Dirridernits. inleiest. and rent . ......... ............... .. ............. 12.985 15.304 16.231 18.834 21.183 74.684 19,478 22.653 22.933 Z5,426 28,486 33,01; PVA flMlef DAY"WMIS- ........... 17.094 20.758 22.829 24.557 27.625 32.056 21.937 27.304 30,316 33.219 37.205 42,43' ftrw" income by Om M virsalme . . ......... ................. .... 103.W 117.023 126.144 143,398 163.559 187.400 125,"l 140.753 157.135 175-M 196A3 ZIL41: PW "o-ta P*11WAl ii@ 4dallamii 3.841 4.296 1 C521 ,5.189 5.766 6$79 JIMS1 4.971 5,479 6AII 7-1119 LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME WISMNSIN Table 5.-Personal income for States and Counties of the Great Ukes Region, 1974-79--Untinued MMWAS Of dam] outagamis, wbwnsim ozaUkK Wncow 197r 19799 19741- 1975- 197b- 1977' 197V 1979' 19741 1975- 1976.-@ 1917- War and paqWoW incom by placie of work' d salary 436.699 464,717 528,821 578.934 645.876 766.713 171.419 169.990 ZOO-688 221-180 261.930 301.114 34.953 41.fi34 so '619 58,311 66.W 81.900 14,405 15.686 15,864 23,880 23.295 33,393 @,O"tfaa, now. 48,592 55.515 55,190 63.951 72,326 36,803 24,914 28.476 28.931 35.003 36,570 4Z.209 Farm...- 15.261 11U15 14,406 19,709 25.a00 35,494 4,009 5,270 2.812 5.376 5,848 9,144 33,331 37,400 40,784 44,242 46,526 51,309 20,905 Z3.206 26,059 29.127 30.722 34,065 6V 17.908 20,956 17.063 Z2.610 29.053 39.770 5.211 6.560 4,075 7.193 7,329 10.095 502.136 -540.910 617.567 67096 M686 895.50 Z05,527 207,592 245.408 :278,970 319.366 3665,631 455.405 W= 591825 613.429 6n.363 823,962 186.051 ISU52 219.572 250.508 2V,015 33OL677 V-U* - tam". 6 MW dw.- I'M (0) (0) (0) (0) 2.0416 989 725 9118 1.169 1.251 1-W king 2,229 (0) (a) (0) (0) 4.046 148 124 31 S5 67 61 COU1111111MM 44.297 51274 59J216 71,398 75,517 $9.434 13.169 13.394 1622% 19.075 20.648 21.873 M-damr!"11 - 194.429 200.926 Z34,267 Z35,010 272.012 349.478 109.768 100.5Z3 122.D94 136,945 162.264 190.557 Me w-h@ 123.247 177.349 150,961 142,374 164,761 220,939 21,239 22,462 26,761 29.540 37-1151 35.605 WrAwl pis 71.1a2 73.577 W06 92.636 107.251 128.Z 88.529 78.061 9 51M 107.405 129.413 L55.02 Tranwfalim aw Mk utilibe 31.9D8 31.018 34,995 43,504 45,960 47,805 6129 7,281 8.287 9.302 9.056 10.159 Wholesale uadL---- 3Z420 40,221 45.813 51,236 57,947 66.708 8,227 10.519 11,862 13185 16,867 20.17S Relad trio 55.577 56,310 62.971 70,945 78.261 a9.344 20.115 22,529 25.199 27,368 29.165 33.330 Fiftance munnm aM real 25.427 28.477 32,997 40.265 45.280 51.151 4,756 5.946 7.245 8.765 U91 10.318 68.1135 75,615 85,331 101,730 109.200 123.950 22.051 24.211 27,622 33,944 3&3D6 42,540 46MI 5U73 57.742 60.057 66M 71.584 19.476 22.340 25.936 28.362 32.351 35.954 Ft*x aviiall 4,6% U76 6.029 J646 6,503 6,909 1,288 1.467 1.650 1.790 2.086 2.216 Feft* itik" I= 130 1,358 1,376 1,455 1.513D A 595 524 648 689 701 20 and W 4M 47.194 50.W - 53A5 2,M. 63.145 17;0 20278 a5U ZS.924 29@516. 31031 I.-ti. af pem" i - by PIM d 7otal laba arid pi-to ' irdws by Mace 01 520.244 561.866 634.630 701,096 794,739 935.316 210,738 214,152 249.43 286.063 326.695 376.716 ,m: Pff=W cmuftom tw woo mwwm Dy Om of work-- 28.490 30A5 33.738 36.124 4.800 47.105 11.865 11.961 13.3?1 14.683 16,987 19.827 w arill IN, Wo ' mWn Of PLO ad work 491,754 531.171 600.992 664.912 743.939 397.611 198,813 202.185 236,112 Z71.390 309,708 356.989 = R , adpolaiwit- -4.330 -4,993 -6.293 3.772 4.209 -19.061 125.730 149.944 162238 189.732 Z13,193 242.055 @abiw ird pilitmim ' vaim Dy On at mWelice.- 487,424 526,198 594.599 6W44 748,148 NOW 324.603 352.129 398,350 461.112 522.991 598.9" Plui. 0milelids. mtweX alid rem' 90.792 92.135 95,125 1072M 119.652 138.2Z3 57.250 6Z.532 65.732 74,901 93.123 95.610 Plus. TryWer arpow- 61,441 76,671 82.974 AM 99.122 113,309 24.154 33.5S3 35.658 38.743 43.918 51.489 mm" by Owe of maim" 629W rMIN 86"1 966= 1.176 4w4w 44AZ4 4".744 574AS WAR 74&Aa W1011011 -ems (6011n) SA4 U15 6.1% km L 7.4n1 9-401 "n U" 1 7,631 1 3.4141 91M 10.3% Pop* wbms* merw wbconm 1974, 19754 19761 ig7r iw@ ig7r 1974, 1975- -1976-- 197r 197P 1979. lftb. and powiettire i by place d Vxw BY tm 10.944 11.473 12,456 13.939 16.217 18,593 44.570 43.346 S3.005 59.661 67.899 76.921 7DO 813 927 1.084 IJ04 1.554 2.547 3,477 4.212 5.008 5.104 6.826 6,557 5.903 6.073 7.398 8.398 11230 19.359 16,414 18.190 21.596 22.629 32.364 a a. m.- 4,614 3.932 3,719 4,864 5,761 8.283 11.342 7.482 8.146 10,472 11.146 19.482 NonfxW..- 1,943 2.071 2.354 z.S34 2.637 3.047 8,516 8.932 10,044 11.124 11.493 Maltz 5.118 4,376 4,229 5.422 6.384 9.100 13,D44 9,307 9.851 12.339 13.244 22.230 ........ ... QAU 13.813 15.227 16,899 19.535 22.377 53.931 58.930 65.555 73,927 83.088 93.881 Private ........ ............................... 10,171 10.535 11.726 13.091, 15.143 17.474 36.994 39.800 45,026. 5118s.- 57.351 65.512 AgMWturaj sw4M ImMy, faheift and (D) 175 240 269 log 3D6 285 263 345 (0)-, (a) (0) .4ml 0 D 0 0 0 0 200 193 236 (D) (0) (D) c(ImIrudw ---- - ----- (0) 527 733 324 916 t.0a3 3,021 2.814 3.248 4.170 4,828 5.253 ftwaawn 2.396 1.752 1,692 1,692 2.214 2.590 7,734 9.049 10,924 12.548 14.957 17,009 1,107 576 548 701 I'M 1.246 4.354 4.099 4,641 5.5$6 6,278 7.335 ------- 1.279 1,176 1,144 191 1,124 1,344 3.370 4.950 6.2a3 6.992 8,579 9.67Z Trammuto am Paw Wife . .. . ..... 707 753 826 971 1.074 1.417 2.357 2.252 2.673 3.186 3.375 4001 Whwemw Vade- 494 1,719 2,023 2.293 2.506 Z.990 1.614 .5,536 5.669 6.531 7.086 8.720 Rem 3.338 2391 2.490 2.697 2,966 3.275 11.497 8.779 9.545 10.921 11.930 13.2841 Fwnm inwrarm 615 701 871 1.209 1,415 1,627 2.3D9 2.514 3.041 3.623 4.139 4.613 ------ .1.911 .2,517 2.851 3,136 3,748 4,186 7,967 8,400 9.346 9,666 10,319 11.576 ant .2.912 '3.278 3.501 3,813 4.387 4,903 16,947 19.130 20.530 22.638 26.737 23.35% F=:. ............................ ..... .. 321 334 391 368 422 448 1.153 1.354 1.416 [.548 1.732 1.841 F a 82 83 as 88 91 96 224 Z37 246 152 264 263 ..... ..... . ....... 2.509 2,851 3.022 3,362 3.874 4.359 15.570 17.539 18.808 20.938 23.741 11serivaltow of personaiincome by place of Mwer" MW &V pl-xqol nwitte by pw cof 18.201 19,456 22.321 25.919 31.477 66.975- 68.237 M407 86.265 96.332 116.111 PVWW convilitibaft for smal Inwantai by place (d wwk..:.. au 833 900 947 Lo" 1,263 3,127 3,327 3,518 3.695 4AW 4,793. %M Ww ud ortiomfort' in=m fly place of work. ............... . ........ 17.397 17.356 19.556 21.374 24.820 30.2D9 63.848 64.910 71.899 12.570 92.169 111.318 iphm- Rama adgamelit ............ . .............. ............... . .... . .... 1.764 1,860 2.068 2.301 2.525 2.840 33.445 35.667 120.732 45.676 53.012 59.726 taw am p x tn inwine oy pace of mswa .............. . ... . 19,161 19.216 20.624 23,615 27.345 33.049 97,293 100.577 112.621 128.246 A5.181 1;1.044 Dkdtrft inteml. and rent' ...................... . ........... . .... . ........ .4.089 4,648 97 5.679 6,381 7.447 14.839 16.1131 17.700 20.528 23.090 W TraffiM liarlel IS ................................ . ............. ......... 4.546 5185 '6"056 6.603 7.325 8,376 15,763 18.933 20,976 23,015 25AD9 29-005 pwsaaw by om of residewe ............... ................ Z7,7% 29.749 31.5n A"I 41,051 48.872 127,895 136-1111 151297 111.719 MUN 227.019 7 capes prs" (dodaril) ..................... . ............ .... . .. . .1743 3-9W 4,153 4,716 5293 6.194 4,446 4,684 5.116 5,67S Use 7.47S looirtates at end Of 12bleS. WlSCDNSlh LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 137 Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-7S--Continued Polk, Wisconsin Portage, Wisconsin !571. 1 1975' 1976, i 19771 1978, 19791 1974' 1975, 19761 1 1977, 1 19781 1 19791 Ublat Saw people or%' wKwM tpv place of wv IV sp tm ",Zuw, aww'- 51,296 $3.359 58.414 66,561 77,263 88,142 132.140 146,875 166.005 187.714 215,053 248.135 10111 3.820 4.415 5.170 6,627 7.944 9,571 9,694 11.797 14.359 17.305 20.100 24.245 23,611 21.146 21.337 20,967 25.892 33,715 19.315 22,064 13,200 27.168 28.964 31.743 14.210 10,889 9.758 8,290 12.592 18134 7,662 9.508 -1,276 10.139 10,772 11,309 9.401 10257 11,579 12.687 13,1W 14,981 11.653 12.556 14,476 17.029 18.092 19.934 16.038 12.851 11,589 10,293 14,938 21JB5 11,563 13.684 2.611 14,404 15,574 18.109 62.689 66.069 73.33Z 83.872 96,266 109,643 149,586 167.052 190,953 217,793 248.443 236,014 a 49,431 52,301 58'su 68,199 78,932 90,820 124.539 139,686 160,004 193.867 210.156 244,036 ArCiatwo hovu lanD,, lWwVs jM OtW- @D) (0) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 949 3.739 (0) (0) (D) (0) (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) (D) 279 320 (0) (0) (0) Pf "Consa w 3.449 3.565 4.171 5,329 5,997 6.368 6,516 10.567 9.930 11.162 12.549 13.439 1111-A-11 I.. 1 16.585 14,712 15.830 20.693 25,947 31.534 31.699 30.178 34.109 46.958 54,304 65.732 N0013w rwas 9.835 9.891 10,264 12.498 14,316 15.524 22,684 20,552 23.073 33.254 40.204 50.294 Dsvw "M .@. 11- 6,750 5,821 5.566 8.185 11,531 16.010 9,015 9.626 MON 13.7D4 14.100 15,438 7(vislaorulm am PAK utbles, 4,182 4.623 5.615 6."3 7.195 7,693 14.888 15.286 17,067 18.944 21.349 25.125 Wholesale traft ... . .... ....... . .. .. ..... .. ...... ...... 1.396 4,760 4.898 4,564 4,9113 5.763 9.795 12,902 13.895 10,929 12,643 13.421 lit" tram - .. .............. -- .- 1 -.1-1..... .......... ............... 11,147 10,629 11.420 11,815 13,137 15,32B 16.974 19.628 Z2.1 55 29.317 32.011 36.131 Finance. ad me estate ............................... 1,913 2.118 2.641 3.059 3V 3,738 24,706 28,487 34.817 36.602 43.266 50,416 . . .............. ......... .... ..... .IL672 10.047 12.012 14.169 16.111 17.944 1805 20,510 23,972 27:840 31.772 AM Cowl MR ano me - eptowele% . . .. .. ............................... 13,258 13.769 14.768 15.673 17-11311 ISM3 25,047 28366 30.949 33,916 38287 41.978 Federal. cwdw . . ....... ............. .... ....... .......... ............. 1,724 1,552 1186 2,126 2,426 2,577 1.901 2,072 2.421 2.590 2.368 3AS Fewal. ffdrtm -- .. ..........__............. ......... ............. 1.812 930 813 819 868 999 574 593 620 629 669 710 State ano =6 ............... . . ..... .. . . .................... ............. 9,722 11,286 12.069 12.728 14,040 15,247 22.572 25,711 27,908 30,698 34.750 38,220 l D*rMdm at lawsonfell inoome by place of residence ow Wa W4 wwwtors* - by oace of wwk ......................... 78.727 78,920 84,921 94,155 HUN 131.428 161.149 190.736 193.564 232.187 264.017 304.123 Lem: Pwww coorwon for sou dwrice by pLace of wwk 3.826 3,989 4.196 4.608 5,352 6.196 8,319 9,D99 10.494 11.448 13,130 15.330 hel w" ano woo. an am if by p1m of walk ....... .. ............ ... 74.901 74.931 80,725 89,547 105.752 125.232 152.1130 171.637 193.070 220,739 250.837 298.793 ILUE ..................................... 13.010 14.196 16.594 18.563 21.911 25.160 11,375 11377 13.459 15.568 17.356 Isis$ pface of lesloela ................. 97,911 89.117 97,309 108.110 127.563 150,392 164.205 183.014 196,529 236.307 268,253 307.078' N"*F&. lowest. ano lent, ...... . ....... ......... . 16,714 18.823 19.455 22.218 25,003 29,195 25,019 27.924 28.863 32.729 36.633 42,493 Phs! hanov 1111"lem ... .... ..... ............................. 20.787 25,809 28.949 31.276 34,987 39.614 25,047 31,677 35.278 38,477 43.7" 50.218 pw ww@ by 0M w ....... .. ....... M412 IW49 14SA13 161,61M 127,553 n9xl n4.2n 24Z615 26OA70 307,513 34M 399.M Capital I b0001104 4.7% M 4,164 .400. 4XII 5AB4 6.M 7= Price, wesconsin Wiscoinsin 1974' 19751 1976- 1 197P 197r 1979- 1974, 19751 1976- 1977- 197P 1979- LAor wd pow ve or%' wicome by place of work3 BY tm walle N4 Ulaffy olshruff"Its .. ......................... . ..... ......... ... 3096 29.773 34,304 38.006 U254 52.377 623.926 680,060 752.467 820.913 937,115 1.051,679 @Olw Ubw 2.730 2.782 3.595 4,203 5,034 6,142 52.866 63.645 75.130 86.658 100.115 114.535 an 5,980 7,996 7,947 8,730 10.932 12,631 49.574 57.762 52.368 64,568 67.921 75.529 .............. ............... FvM ........... . ............... . . . ..... . ............. .. ..................-2.145 3,736 3,382 4,165 5,995 7.151 5.015 9.835 623 10,026 10.718 13.511 Noll is. I.. . .. ............................. ................................... 3135 4.260 4.565 4,565 4.947 5,490 44.559 47.877 51.745 54.542 57.203 63,018 By i won, Farm . ..... ... ............. . ................................................................... 2.742 4,378 3.979 4,820 6.721 8.117 8.599 13.723 4,190 13.937 15,123 19,304 h0fam ..... . . ................................ .................................................... 37.764 36.173 41.867 46,119 53. 499 63.033 717.767 787,744 875,775 958,202 1.090.028 1.223@439 Prwale., .......... . ... -- ................. . ......................................... ......... 31.880 29.350 34.752 38.714 45.220 54.022 635.U4 693,46a 773.775 846,087 962,193 I.C81316 AUCA" Sovices. forestry, ffshem. afio otW ................... 113 78 115 (D) (0) 192 856 956 1.245 1.430 1,543 1.808 M,"--- -* ***-",*,,*,,**.......... *-,,,,*,**1 116 -173 (1) (1) 1 141 111 111 611 121 111 Constructim .. . .. ................. ...................... . ...................... -.. 1,778 1,493 1.931 2,072 2,262 2.307 36.985 38.734 39.874 47.587 56.743 53,405 mawacusn" .......... ........... ............. . ... . ....... . ........ ..... .... 19,076 16.018 19.959 21,724 26.293 33.172 379,550 397.172 4.45.472 493.078 571.809 656,440 Nwotaw 1= ............. . ....................... ............. ... 8.916 8.987 12.892 13.888 17.093 20,057 106.595 105,385 121.040 130,551 148.134 164.518 %roe Flats ........................... ...................................... ..... 10.160 7,031 7.067 7,836 9.190 13.115 272,955 290.787 324.432 362.527 423.675 491.922 Imiumnon xv pubic UlAdies .............I. .......... . ........... 1.905 1.867 2,261 2.677 3,063 3,432 24,815 27.527 31.652 35.739 AM 35,456 wholes* trade @w ...... ....................... ................ 919 13LI I,171 1,314 1,459 1,649 32.503 36.216 40,026 43.546 46.614 52.110 ReLaal traot-.- 4.306 4,381 4.943 5.221 5,615 6.061 151,813 '67,807 74.096 80,169 88.435 100378 Fmance. reannot. and " estate ............................................ 782 881 1,062 1.238 1,498 1,561 16.412 19.558 23.676 27.172 30.263 33.527 servcm ... . . ..................... . ............................................ . .. . . .3,001 3,105 3,493 4.274 4,857 5,659 81.265 104.940 116.971 116.671 127.218 142.507 GowrftMt and pwfv*M etfterVrtsell . ........... ........................ 5.884 6.823 7.115 7.405 8,279 9,011 82.723 94,276 102,0DO 112.115 127.835 141,523 Fedefal. ae"n- ....... . ...... . ....................I....... . ........................ 1.624 1.981 2,028 1.965 2.195 2.332 5,498 6.078 7,008 7.120 9.142 9.652 Fedb*. niotaty- ......... ...................... .... . ..................... 119 129 130 129 134 134 1,773 1.819 I.B91 1.893 1.993 2,093 SlAhl-Nd local .. ..... . .............. .................... . ... ................. 4,141 4.713 4,957 5XI 1.950 6.54.5 75.452 86.379 93,101 103,102 117.700 130.778 Derivation of personal income by place of resilience, low ww am Dole am' NIMM by Place of work ......................... 40.506 40.551 45,846 50,939 60.220 71.150 726.366 801,467 879,965 972.139 1.105.151 1.242.743 Lea. Few ownbutiom for swAi aurance oy oace of wwk 2.303 2,220 2.414 2.601 3.045 3,529 40,494 44,279 46.936 .49.744 57.079 66.691 Nel 4W XV Vll"Ors' m=lle DY Place of work ........................... 38.203 38.331 43,432 48.338 57,175 67,621 685.872 757.188 933.029 922.395 1,D48.072 1.176.052 Pkm 1111 11 11611101he 'M....... . . ...................................................... -629 -268 -361 -340 -391 -724 68.566 61.639 6Z.075 68.000 78.014 94.696 No lalaw wd wwletol incom by piam of i @P. .................... 37.574 38.063 43.071 47,998 56.794 66.897 754A38 918.826 895.104 990.395 1.126,0116 1.270.748 Pkm- owelepos. asteresf, am rem . ......................... ................. 7,583 8.609 8,989 10,334 11.620 13,543 116.679 129,473 130.772 143.9% 160.394 1114.7415 Pba: Trardw Dayffeft ...............II..... ............. ..... ........................ 11.546 15.287 15.586 17.250 18.966 Z1,432 98.394 120.455 133.886 143J25 156.SS4 177.705 PWtoNal 09011111 of om of rletwen" ............ .............. $6,703 61" 67.646 75= 87370 101.1n 969-501 1,068.754 1.259.762 12",716 1,441034 1.6311" Pw torla persmw idollarsy.. ....................... 3,689 3,901 4,330 1 4,515 5.608 UZI 5.96 6M 6= 7= L120 9.128 LOCAL AREA, PERSONAL INCOME WISCONSIN Table 5.-Pefsonal Income for States and Counties of the Great Ukes Region, 1974-79---Untinued pousands Of dow) Richiand, Wiscofto Rock, WrAwwn 1974' 19752 1976' 19771 197V 1979' 1974' 1975' 1976, 197P 1978' 1979* and p ops is ors' irconke by piace of work' By and s"ll 25.792 27.282 29,716 33.270 36.974 41.373 441.5Z5 453,669 535,756 606.623 678.631 743,006 1,815 Z.14Z 2,539 3,053 3.459 4.005 4Z125 49,964 67.490 33.026 94.487 103.276 14.921 15.635 14.026 18,568 21.963 26,659 49,170 53,478 43,335 58,301 52.535 68.335 8.887 9.398 7.171 12.286 15,412 19,213 14.986 17.510 3.863 16,775 8,957 20.215 tall., 6.034 6.237 6.955 6.2u 6,551 1,446 34.194 35.968 39,472 41,526 43,578 48.120 By, 10,346 10.9U &640 13,893 17.215 21,567 19.279 22.107 8,144 21.470 14,242 27.146 3ZI82 34,097 37.661 40AS 45.181 50.470 513.541 0.004 69.437 72&480 811,411 892,411 25,867 27.030 30,106 32.556 35.493 39,559 458,916 472.364 571,092 658.244 738.785 816.317 Af-9tafral swo"n"wMa fa-mr"". Aw ow_ 135 299 471 479 555 (D) 1.013 1.049 1.2D6 1.456 1.612 1.921 Motinj (L) 55 51 (L tL) ID) 1,729 1.601 1,5" 1.w VD0 2.121 1.929 1.738 2.013 2.503 2,831 U40 36.812 30,529 31,307 37.997 42.381 46.286 7.413 7,474 8.915 10.116 11,170 11.914 245.248 249.202 329.155 383.926 434.931 477.939 4orldtir" . ..... 3.094 3.326 4,094 4,231 4.493 4,851 @ 35.631 41.661 52.761 51.120 68.2ZI 73.650 Durave Von . ............. . .... 4,319 4,149 4.821 5.885 6.677 7.063 209.617 207.541 276,394 3ZZ.806 366.710 404.189 Transportation alld publa: 1.139 1.152 1.414 1,656 1.837 2,382 30.746 30.035 36.512 43.055 48.089 51.346 Whoicuie 1110L. 2.093 3.737 3.646 3,404 3.538 4,097 15,753 21.958 18.728 18.290 20,232 24.457 Retad t. ........ . ...................... 5.857 6,121 6.498 6.363 6,694 7.655 56.164 59,422 64.271 72.642 78.974 89.378 firtanCe. insgarM AM feal 1.347 1.500 1,779 2,045 2.353 2,595 11.916 12.111 13,90 17.327 19,609 21.196 4,942 4,955 5,329 5,945 6.482 7,177 59.53S 66.457 74.460 82.DO9 91.357 101.843 Govermnert! and pwoovig 6,315 7,057 7.555 8,"2 9AU 10.911 54,625 62.60 67.345 68.236 72,526 76.034 Fedft 894 948 1.101 1,115 1,126 1,197 4291 41162 5,551 5,101 6.259 6.650 Feaft MAP 126 137 139 136 147 147 1,101 1.155 1.180 1.180 1.240 1.255 state No local 5.295 5.992 6,315 7.191 9,415 9.567 49.233 56.723 60.614 61.35S 65.128 68.179 Derivation of pwwW i w by placal of resklence l Lator W pidorift ' uUM ty PLO of 42.523 45,059 46JID) 54.891 62.396 72.037 532.820 557.111 646.531 747.950 325.653 919.617 hwai faarfalmoors tar =a murance lay pm at work.- 1.972 2,062 2,168 2.299 2,532 2.925 28,365 29.989 33.936 37.651 42.819 50.041 aw ard nprom wean fly piam of work 40,556 42.997 44.133 52.592 59.864 69.112 503.955 527.122 612.645 710.299 782.934 869.576 ?!a. R 5,603 5,677 6.292 7.041 8.172 9JU 34.849 34292 28.930 JO.093 JT.954 0.932 'let Loar and imietaki inizene tv Ow of mz*ce--- 46.159 49.674 50.425 59,633 68,036 78.300 538.90 561.4L4 641.475 740.392 820,688 912.508 :Dr.@ 9.594 10.705 11.357 13.233 14,891 11,367 82.896 90.787 94,655 107,918 120,179 13&636 10.518 13,793 14,014 15.2sa 16,843 19.224 79,504 IDO.892 109,677 109.177 119.917 140.354 nsaft by pim Of ma"M 662n TL162 M796 3&154 99.770 114,391 7012H 75XM flam 957= 1,060.194 1.191.438 Per cap" k000001 (4198m) 4,046 1 430 1 4= 5-M 5" V" 5si 5.514 U11 7.143 730 "a Rtak 1AR SL Croix, 1974' 1975- 1976- 19M 19jr 1979, 1974, 1975- 1976- 19M 1979, 1979, bor and proprwtors' incorm by vim at work' tr" am Salary . .. . . ....... 23.425 26.068 29,747 33.065 38.716 43.267 60,688 67.021 77,158 88.340 105,797 121.775 Ottler law 1.700 2.062 2,511 2.985 3,611 4.187 4,132 5.450 6,746 8.141 3,990 11.81Z Prcomw 9.540 9.279 9.403 9,782 11.933 15,054 25.447 23-253 22.027 29.392 27.396 37.609 ran 5.537 5.425 5.256 5,298 7.409 9.945 14.838 11.754 9.859 16.087 14.141 22,224 . . ... . . ... . ... ............. . ..................... 4.11103 3.854 4,147 4.484 4.524 5.209 10,609 11.499 12.168 13.305 13.755 15.385 By waso Farm .......... .. . . . ............ ............ ................. 6,311 6.255 6,031 6,145 8.361 11.095 17,496 14,604 12.523 19.001 1 17.413 26.515 28.354 31.154 35.630 39,687 45.199 51.413 72,771 51.120 93.409 106.8rp 126.250 144.681 21.294 23.481 27,157 30.734 35,967 40,632 59.431 67.356 78.449 89.694 105.921 121.343 Agricultural sev fores", lisherfm and otw ................... (0) 260 (D) (D) (0) 248 573 562 601 60 T32 388 milunq . ................ . ....... ...... .................. 123 67 (0) (D) (0) 137 281 219 350 260 267 267 ........ . .....I........... (D) 927 1.077 1,D92 1,239 1.500 4,110 4.475 5.324 6.774 7.676 3.151 vwSav". 8.506 9,468 11.632 13,451 16,936 18,670 20,057 22,031 26.329 30,938 40,134 4S.163 401"J'aft 4.004 3.790 3,890 3@637 6.025 7.274 9.072 9.517 9,OOL 10.927 13.153 14.871 Durabw goom ... . .............................. . ....................... 4.502 5,678 7,742 9,814 10,911 11,396 10.985 12,514 17.328 19.911 26.981 30.236 rriftsoortation j(d Djok Utilities ......................... . ......... 2.572 2.683 2,942 3.358 3.654 4,400 4.373 4.3a3 4.813 5.409 5.599 8.580 Whoiftafe trade . . .............. . ............................ . ..... . ................. 830 1.659 1,724 11959 2,156 2.311 3,638 5.936 6,268 7.117 7,491 3.795 Reta tr3a.._. . ..................... ....................... . ................... 4.169 3,820 4.198 4,186 4.595 5,265 12.939 12,811 14.704 16.385 18.301 20.740 F"a maram. ird tem estate ........... . ... .... . . . ........... . ... 1.154 1.076 1,178 1,736 1.851 2.171 2.169 2.502 3.038 3,649 4.148 4.;0& . ......... . ............................ 3.374 3.5ZI 4,115 4,638 A186 5,930 11.286 14,437 17.016 18.606 Z1.533 24.044 am enterfarm .. ........ .......................... 6.460 7,673 3.473 8,953 9.932 10.781 13.340 13.764 14.959 17.188 ZO.339 23.334 C!" ................................................... 760 837 943 977 1,104 1.174 1274 1.435 1.646 1.734 1.931 2.05Z red", allirtm- ............................................................ 112 124 127 125 132 132 569 H6 608 618 S57 7?3 Slate arld tcaj .................. ................ ....................... 5.588 6.71Z 7,403 7,851 8,696 9.475 11.497 11.763 12.705 14.836 17.751 0.563 &at, at PWVAW Irworm by PiUB Of MAIM& 'Otg UM 4M 01w l0fll' 10KOffle Dy 013M of work ......................... 34-665 37,409 41,661 45 3 54,250 62,508 90.267 95.724 05.931 125.873 143.673 L71.1% Ltm Pv=w amtribution lot wwl insurance by psam of work 1606 1.784 206 2@8 2 .0 139 2.504 2.901 4.306 4.225 5.233 5.713 5 112 1161 Or Nor Uld 111001. Ors 4w, by fam of work ................. 33.059 35.625 39.655 43M3 51.756 59,607 85.961 30.999 @00.648 120. 170 136@9'. 163.336 1w Rome adpnuT*M ................................ .................. ............. 504 451 341 445 294 316 42.076 43ml 49,907 1SA82 67,3401 @ WX am woorcm mcorne tri owx of fesomm ..................... 33.563 36.076 39,996 44, L 38 52.050 59.923 128.037 134.860 150.555 179.6521 :04.251 '38.234 AA. DwKwft 114M. am !"ll 19 5.796 7,356 7.518 8,422 3.472 .033 Z1.351 F4n TrartSto varywft ............ TIS 11.311 10-610 13.530 14.2@8 15,275 16.646 19.5781 23.7871 49.969 ` "' 3@ 3'13 ATI ,6 .039 105 p1m Of 56.962 ,31 3 , " - -- ............. *** 61.742 67,U5 78.168 89."5 IU.M W.423 Z02-OlZ 2X601 267.575 10.%j .......... I.............. 3.4108 3.7261 4.042 4.497 5206 602 4. 4.725 5. SAI 6 7.4114 see footnotes at end of laolm WISCONSIN LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 139 Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Ukes Region, 1974-7"ontinued f7housands of doliarsl Sauk, Wisconsin Sawfer, Wisconsin !941 1915, 1976, 1 19771 197811 1979. 1974' 1 19751 19761 19771 19781 1979, D"OPrittofs' Irwoffie by place of vwV ty" Wife am- 107.119 111,470 121.W 135.296 156,596 180,137 15,468 19.003 20.337 22.158 Z5.139 29.992 . wayme 8.586 9.549 11.321 13.162 15.679 19,416 972 1,361 ptowrion . 1.596 1.901 2.175 2,535 w e' 30.964 35.021 30.473 36.717 41,794 54,796 3.722 4.468 4.803 6.001 7,037 7,975 17.340 20.300 13J10 19.308 23.531 34.432 617 560 281 1.221 1.995 2,345 Nonfarm, 13.624 14,721 16,663 17.409 18,263 20364 3,105 3.908 4,522 4,780 5.052 S.630 [am 20,781 Nonfarm 23.992 17,231 23.055 27,752 40.OD9 1.012 984 681 1.660 2.478 2.981 piwate 125.882 132.D48 146,211 162,120 186.316 213.340 19,150 23,948 26.055 29.000 31.872 37.421 109.014 113.830 127.630 141,266 161.959 I85.7D4 14,911 19,067 21,142 23,791 25,959 30,956 Arwaitura Services lorestr'. f3twes. am alre . . ..... ......... (D) (D) (D) (0) (D) 2.143 (D) 88 145 M1 141 168 169 consinicten. (D) (0) (D) (0) (0) 673 (D) (L) (L) (L) (L) (L) .... ... ... 16.125 17,142 19,639 21.728 24.264 28.144 1.436 1.469 2.138 Z.280 2.481 2.740 .............. 40.372 35.767 40,365 44,715 52.793 59.863 2.929 2.993 3.396 4,154 5.205 4.891 hon"aw ROOM 23.581 21.279 19.526 20.333 22,479 24.516 173 323 402 471 602 648 Dutaw I= .......... 16.791 14.489 20,939 24.382 30,314 35.347 2,756 2,660 2.994 3.693 4.603 4,243 Transcortaim and owc ulailes .. 7.298 6.481 B.154 9,223 10.791 12.284 686 969 1.052 1.364 1.430 1,606 Whoitsw trace. ..- . . . . .... ............ ................... .......... 4.646 9.321 10.393 11.100 12,170 14.398 418 796 967 1,047 997 1.026 Rew trade .. .. ........................... ...................................... 20.179 19,412 21,318 23.080 25.030 30.331 5,078 6,191 6.435 6.646 7,104 8.321 I'mance. gesarm. am rew cute ................ . . . ...... 3.478 5,442 5.541 5,763 6,473 7,476 1.178 1.246 1.471 1,744 2,020 2196 15.0 17AW 203" 23M 267959 30392 2,969 529@6 5M 6-M 6.52a 9,872 fore"11ft" ....... .. ...... ........ - - -16.1168 18.218 18-41 2CA54 24.357 27,636 4.239 4.781 4.913 5-M S.913 6.465 UVAN ....................... . .... ................... 2.193 2,003 1,968 1.908 2,118 2.251 905 1.052 1.036 1,030 1,217 1.293 Federal. "Idilwy- ........................ .................. . .. . ......... 333 352 361 361 378 394 85 93 96 98 103 102 Suit am local ............................................................. . .... 14.342 15.863 16.252 18,585 21.861 25.D01 3,249 3,636 3,781 4.081 4.593 5.070 D-tion of PrUNI inorne by OM of residence Total wer ana orwition; wby film at wk ......................... 146,669 156.040 163,"2 185.175 214.D68 253.349 20.162 24.832 26.736 30.660 34.350 40.402 Less:ftw colitnowwo for socw inwaliceby fluce of work 7,470 7.761 8,305 9,890 10.250 11,922 1.237 1,512 1.609 1.716 1.902 2,192 me wor am Xwortors gicivir Dy paice at vAt ....... . ........ 119.199 148.279 155.137 176.285 MUM 241.427 18.925 23.320 25.127 28.9" ' X448 38.210 ph.. ..........*-,,**,,,,-,-,*,,,- -3,101 - 1*111 -1,531 -1,061 -1,011 -7,111 -411 -651 -111 -111 413 -85 Net wor am 01.1ttors noinit by Dim at Pestilence ... ............. .. 135.594 145.657 152,607 175.220 198.906 234,299 18,497 22,670 24,472 28.162 32.901 38.125 Plus, Nvicesols, one". am mnil.-. ... . ............. 30.S87 33.886 34,873 39,509 44,391 51.654 7,411 7.611 7.934 9.077 10.206 11,987 "S""c' *'*' ' "" --, PhA. T.3101. prem ................ ..... .- ----- 27.175 33.668 36,869 39.422 43,411 49.389 10.455 13224 14.224 14,SU 16.895 19.049 11-- dwomme by pim at r - I" n=1 22434111 254.151 2WA rA 364363 43M 46.630 GUM 69MI "er-oke W-M in"" (dealers). 4M 5-M 62!1@ 4AU 4AU 3412 Shelsermn, W', n Ta*r. Wisconsm 1974, 19751 19761 19771 197r 19791 19741 1975- 19761 1977' 197P 1979- Ubor and poop a m, inctarne by pwa of work- wip And salary daburse"11110t; .......... . ................. 345.480 35Z470 401.ID7 454.402 522220 592.839 31.221 34,678 39.D56 U.091 51,779 53.664 Oft uw w................. . .... .... . ..................... . ..... . ............. 28,311 31.821 38,576 46,379 53.919 63,331 2.152 2.665 3.229 3,918 4.747 5.591 Roprittorls "wn., .............. ............................................................ 36,725 43.479 43.116 47.308 S3.474 62.267 11,051 12.268 15,329 14.111 19.816 25.159 F. . ......**.. ............ ....*................... *'*'* ............. ** ..........*12.086 16.213 14,160 17.570 22,025 27.398 6.759 7,610 9.960 8.971 14.424 19.211 ....... . ........ .. .................... ......... ................... . .. 24.639 27.266 28,956 29.738 31.449 34,869 4.292 4,658 5.369 5.140 5,392 5.948 By Wally Farm ...... ......... . . ........................................ . .......... . .................. .. - 14.731 19.D47 16.820 2D.482 25.294 31.663 7.689 8.608 10.899 9.994 15.570 20.710 Nonfarm .............. ............................................................................... 395.785 408.723 465.979 52 7.607 604,319 686.773 36.735 41.003 46.725 52.126 60.772 68.704 Prrvale ................ .......................................... . ............................. 354,356 361.735 415.840 472,283 540,936 616,149 31.057 34.552 39.789 45,169 53.411 61.020 Ainciaturit serwes. tonestry, twenes. anit caw ............. 996 880 960 1.056 1.174 (D) 693 (0@ (0) 752 975 id.nail ..... . ............................................................ . .......... . ... 288 275 344 200 233 (D) cowncto..-. .......... ...... .......................... 25.386 24.208 28.252 33.092 38.231 41.863 0 (D) (0) (D) (D) katestactiffins . .... . ............. ....................... 198,396 193.061 226.653 256,923 3010.1135 345.518 2.549 2.614 3.115 3.911 4.467 4,955 Nonstick goilas ..... . ................. .... . ......... ..... 12,408 13,931 16,703 20.032 24.352 Z7,914 57.377 59.960 68.960 71,255 81.657 86.841 3.052 3.662 4,563 5.431 6.992 9.409 Duraw Facts ........................................................................ 141,019 133.101 157.693 185.668. 219.178 258.677 9.356 10.169 12.140 14.601 17.360 18.565 7ransisorlition and pullic utilities ...... ......... . .......... . ... __ 16,293 16.383 17.766 21.130 23.831 26.567 2.360 2.231 2.667 2,836 3.457 3.790 wtowsm Vice ........... ............ .20.1111 23;572 25,958 27,527 28,780 .26.288 2.757 3.961 3.901 4.464 (D) ReUd Vice ............... ....... . .... ...... . ....... . ........... ... 38,396 40.866 44,519 49,412 53,981 67,293 . 5.218 5393 5.637 5.697 6.297 (D) F0111111st. Owwat. am Mal estate ............................................ 1.181 Servos. . ... . . ................................................ . ..... 13,709 14,141 16.614 19.371 22,070 24.888 1.092 I-M 1.773 2.122 2,442 2.793 . ............. 40,059 48,349 54,774 63,572 71,901 82.074 3,980 4,463 5,116 5.415 6.400 Goverweent am jovermitieni enjillonses'. 7.119 Fedual. avQn... ................ ............................... .. ........ 41,429 46.988 50,139 55.324 63,383 70,624 5.678 6,451 6.936 6.957 7.361 7.684 F. . . . . . ............*.... .........*.... ..... ............... 2,934 3,200 3.602 3.698 4.207 4.47D 860 $94 1.000 1.021 1.108 1.178 Stale &V local ...... . ............................ 911 961 199 1,116 1,160 1,111 111 171 11, 113 195 110 .................. 42,822 45.538 50.620 58,116 65.054 4.656 5.395 5.755 5.753 6.058 6.306 0601"ticlill of Pefs-I income by pLace of residence " letter tno "U" 1101301 11 "1- ..........*........... 410,516 427.770 482,799 549,089 629.613 718.436 44.424 49,611 57,624 62.120 76.342 89.414 LM: ftict contrioutais tar social gesajinince lyf plam of work 22.869 23.438 25,627 28.095 32.449 37.904 2.220 2.423 2.647 2.938 3,472 4.038 Nei OW &V 0=1etws MMR* by place of wok ..................... 387.647 404.332 457,172 519.994 597.164 680,532 42.204 47,188 54,977 59.182 72,870 85.376 hm Residence a(lWittelit ................................................................. 694a-4 -273 -543 -431 3.391 3.357 VS4 4.099 4.50 4.945 wt aw and proonelm" "1001I cy pace of n5lisenct ................ 398.341 404.332 457,168 519.721 596.621 690.101 45.595 50.w 58,731 63.271 77.370 90321 PoL. bviciviss. interest. am rew ....................... ................ ....... 75.672 82.975 95.356 96.050 107,398 124.160 8.416 9.396 10.078 11.815 13.292 15.487 plus Transw ormentis ... ................................................... ........... 55,115 69.981 74.103 78.705 '87,198 99.769 10.172 13236 13.477 14.223 15.985 18.567 p" by vim of residme .................................. 519,122 557.21111 616,627 694,1176 791.217 904.= 64,113 73,177 92296 89M 106.647 124,315 p" WU p"Softel ,(dnam) .... ...... 5.178 5.552 1 6.173 rsu 7.w 3-530 3X5 4.374 4AW 5M 6.5113 LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCONIE WISCONSIN Table 5.--hrsonal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-7.1-Ccritinued Trempealeav, Wisconsin arnon, Wisconsin 1974, 19751 1976, 19771 1978' 19791 7 !977- 1978- 1979' bar and pro"ItWV income by place of wore By trite -yap am Sao orsointments . .. . ........ . . ......... .................... 41.500 4032 50,861 S9.462 63.592 71,71541 76.9 10 .0 labor 2.957 3,496 4,493 61407 1052 Z2.820 22.174 17.275 [email protected]'73 30.411 37.9@01 CC5 2.621 3.629 4 42! ;2.321 27.663 113.996 42.430 1 9,241 16.311 21.045 VAN I 1 15.284 19,379 I0.5Z4 MOV 5.860 14.657 6,960 7,517 8,034 8.862 9.366 10.7701 -:!3i 7.-37 8.284 8.472 9.603 13,470 17,453 11,352 19,113 24.262 31,395 1.41 17,159 21.435 22.843 35.982 43,817 52,249 60,782 .71.051 75.948 85.265 !11.4 N !211@91 45.534 51,102 58.924 68.055 38285 40,114 47.494 56.691 59,794 67.310 i (01 31"'@I 34,776 39.8S3 46.0 54.698 AVMUS savloft fore". fisteriM and (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) 398 533 702 162 M (0) (L) (LI 51 62 cmsmcum.. 2.090 2.115 2.703 3.157 3.897 4.190 271 1.1 2,491 3.104 3.958 3.847 . ...... 14,814 19.663 4319 23,433 N,1701 -0 5.033 6.040 8.134 9.12Z Mondanole gM 9.266 9.591 13.085 5.7311 12.240 11 3.375 3.961 5.101 5.921 Durao* goo= ............... . .... ........... ......... 5.608 5.223 6.578 m88 10.43 2 @" 5,2 i@5 1.658 2.013 3.027 3.901 Tramortanov and fluotic utifitin .. ...................... 2.525 2.639 2.985 3,2391 3.549 4117 3.0i 1--3 3,345 4156 4.494 8.749 "hofmle frax ............ .............. . . ... ___ . .......... 1,477 3,238 3.422 3.631 3.926 4,7461 4.946i i.3 S.142 6AS9 7,476 7.324 Relad tram ........................................ . .......... . .. . .................. .9,535 3.665 9.430 10.731 11.606 13.091 i@z @. I @; 7.158 8206 3,077 9.841 Runce. insuranal am rem estate ...... ..... . ........ 1,791 1,652 1,857 "'232 2,496 3,072 1-15i 7 2.078 2.484 2.732 3A54 5,578 6.448 6.894 3,64Z1 9.897 11 .702 7.HS 8.998 9,915 11.137 GDVerfWW Xd ZM -OM IO.S32 12.135 13,298 14.3601 16,154 17,955 3_@61 3.'331 10.755 11.249 12.385 13.357 Feitert UAM 1,473 1.658 2.121 2,034 2,060 Z. 89 !.-@6 1.625 1,674 1.312 1.989 1 FederalL mkitary 206 218 225 229 240 245 ?23 111 253 265 274 State and I. ......... 8,853 10.259 10,952 12.097 13.854 : 3 3. 15.521 "1 7 885 9.322 10,248 11.094 Oerivation of personal income by pim of resiclencilf Mal laow and proonetom inciame by om of work ................ 67,287 69,702 72.634 A224 100.210 116.660 4M @?3 Q693 72.537 31.767 103.937 Pers" cornockroom tar social insurance ty PLO at work 2.969 3.115 3.478 3.352 4,130 4 774 i 2,785 2.956 3.1141 3.571 W130M ird WoonelOrS' inctkne (if %M of work 64.318 66,587 69.156 36.372 96.080 111896 zj :72 59.908 69.571 78.320 99365 239 11 1 Plus: Resiovice akolfisaarkerit ...... . ...... . ............................... ? -T2 6.559 6.604 6,750 7. 8.713 9.738 9.407 IIM9 13,222 15.044 16.652 4t labor and oroonew incon by faace 01 70,876 73.191 75.906 93.803 104.793 121.624 67.796 [email protected] 71,597 82.793 93.364 116.619 . ....... ... 12.843 14.367 14.714 16.687 18.761 21.900 13.273 191:81413 1112191 11.909 21,275 24.823 17 17.371 21.311 Z3.131 24.664 26.950 30.944 16.434 7 21:3 22.993 25.048 28.321 mom by place of 101AS loulis 11301 14154 150.504 174,469 97= 104,594 109,01214 124.695 139.637 169.76Z Per camb pervesw iricam 4XI 4,431 4M SA79 Un 7XO 3A42 4. LU 4.401 4,9U 5.489 6.724 vow W1111:111111111110. wwwoft wbco"s 1974, 1975. 1976, 19772 1978' 1 1979- 1974- 1975- 197b' I9rT` 197V 1979. Labor anij propnetory income by plan of work' y no wai borserni ............ .............. . ............ ... 21.728 26.577 30.38'9 34.224 41.193 44.254 175.727 1. 33 51 196-322 223.318 252.976 778.246 kz 1,abor incorrie .. . . ............ ............... .... . ....... ......- i _........... 1.449 1.867 2.307 2.785 3.360 3.801 i2.1138i Q1 341 !6.589 20.593 Z4.251 27.410 F)MMOM, I M ...................................................... ....... . ....... 3,582 3.999 4,140 5.099 5,347 5.11 21,117 1 'It 23.226 29.467 31.098 37.836 4orrtaW .......... . ... ............................... __ _ _. -4 @'4111 7.$38 1.781 7.030 7.377 11.626 -114 -121 19.523 21.439 22.437 Z3.721 Z6.210 1637 4,423 4.966 5.057 5.248 5.938 ia.A56I .. .... ...... .. By indn" F3rm .......... ................ ............................................................ 3401 -418 487 599 632 13,253 ii.516 5.634 11.240 12.099 17.747 omarm .. ................................................. . .................. .......... . ......... 25.419 32.442 37,254 41.621 49.301 53,357 104,199 '09 364 230.503 26UU Z96,226 325.745 pmate .................................... .................. ..................... 22.086 27.414 31.731 35.399 41.934 45.022 164,055 1 EV 5 5 180.900 Z10.241 239.701 Z55.798 Agricultural swices, foresuy. fisheries. and other' ................... (D) 64 53 131 154 D1 1.085 1. 13 21 1.191 (D) (0) 1.803 Minme.. .................... _. .............. .............. ............ ............ @0)M (L) (L) (" 6 291 @10) @ 0) ?33 C=ructaon ............... ............................................ .. .' . . . . 5 "1 1 21 22 16. 78 IS. 242 Zo. 031 2.197 Z.212 2.880 3,855 4,801 .34 2.275 11.253 13.5 4,411 1*11, 1*117 5,711 7.011 11,1111 51,711 17,219 10,071 11-298 103.163 ............... .......... i.014 I 4orlOWIDle goods ........................................... ................ 583 929 1,133 1.328 .386 !5 69 13 53 i4.591 16.225 19.336 ?3.311 Oufabie %win ...................................................................... . 1.962 1,93A 3.766 3,789 4,133 3.354 4.5393 5.614 51.9 52.708 63.846 Tranwortallon and oudc utilities.. ..................... ............... ...... 595 760 907 1.255 1. 17 1.535 13.4631 12.717 3.806 16.018 17.999 15.513 whoiesaw trwe _................................................................ 2.144 2.075 2.374 2.717 2.843 3.0791 5.3551 9.183 @0.593 11.931 14,55a 16.382 Relavi trace .................................................................... ........... 5.500 6.921 7,702 8@ 8.736 10,4901 @7.9771 A1" 11111 31.119 11,184 @' BA16 Fnance. insurance. am real estate .. .......- .. ... ........... 18, 1.11a 1.352 1.722 1.7781 3.328 @46 a@OII 9.451 10,934 IZ.023 ................ . ...................................:............I................. 6.120 9.645 11.521 12M 16.396 15,5641 30.0461 3@'562 34,099 38.908 43.485 .18. 1 @3 aria pietriment enteronses 4 333 5,028 5,523 6222 7.367 8,3351 40 144 45mg 49.603 5I.S97 56.05 ;9.957 Fewal. Civilian .............. ....................................... .... ... 18 FeWal. "lifilary 306 337 1,139 !.151 1.35 1.443 N83 _004 2.323 2.472 2.386 3,066 101 109 113 121 136 135 6351 452 590 1102 750 181 Slate and tou., ......................................................................... 3.426 .2.953 46.590 49.123 52.889 46.110 3.982 4.271 1.950 5173 6,757 Oern"3601% Of M-0111111 income 6Y place of resiience Total roi anO voonetors i%_oM oV OW e of work 26,759 36 42.108 49 73.378 32,443 36.8 .900 51989 11N52 ?20,8801 236.137 2 301.325 343.492 '*sonak coninflulwans for social insurance bv Place of work 1.594 1,87 1.256 2,4351 2894 U-52i 1.@" :1 HO 12.25a 13.452 15.408 11 89S Lesa: , '5 1 35 5 49 Wiff 30113 owltiors; limm by piace of work ". ..........I... .........-65 0.568 34.5801 A673 47 006 40.637 @05.SV1 '09.3201 '13.8791 M326 :92.SI71 !25.;9A p - Rmonce artlustmem ................................... ___ ......... .. .. .. .. 2 i I hs, 1,465 1,675 -1,886 -2.711 -,0,891 14.851i I @12 .9.5771 2.718 .9.615 ;7@0-4 .14 .561 02,; 14 .42. 532 32.61a 'W Wx IM D(WMtof% mcorne ov place of residence. ........... 14.322 19.203 32.905 17,787 44,425 47.926 ?36r79S1 :53., 3, Phus' Divklfkilh@ tnfemL am tera'.... ...................................... .......... 13.308 14.396 15.822 3.827 21.150 24,5661 .9.E67I zi.1241 A-563 Ph4: Trimfer flayments; .................... ....................... ............ .385 14.731 16.705 18 f i5.8'60 73 700 as.232 24.145 33.937 -'8.3J5 ;6.322 42.6781 71.4C5 11"Ino" MOM Ov OLM of l'"Idefte ...................... 49,515 54.330 65,432 75.M 1 86.741 96.6,371 325,452 351,630 3' 47 424.396 478.9101 U9.406 Pw Callow Ow"AM Atom . ... .......... 4.806 5.131 5.763 6.3 5.020 5.626 1 1 6.232 6.961 1.773 Sa footnotes at ent) Of 130les. WISCONSIN LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME 141 Table 5.-Persortal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-7%-Continued FThwur& at dollars' Washburn, Wisconsin Washington, Wisconsin 1974, j 19757 19761 197P _ 1978.1 19791 1974' 1975, 19162 19771 !9781 1919- Prc"tors' wm by pilm of work' by Watt No salary owww""13 21.113 24,974 27.671 30.293 31.498 34.239 189,765 192,432 224.662 253.145 294.313 327.572 oft Uw co, 1.337 1.842 2,232 2,479 2,600 2.935 16,039 18.671 23.3ZI 27.258 32.205 36.747 hoprietort smit 5.116 5.089 5,155 5,554 6.355 7.920 26,760 27,921 27.781 33.086 36.04 4Z,382 farm . ... ............ .. 1.769 1329 1,088 1.229 1,940 2,828 10.498 1630 7.619 10.910 13.190 16.508 01111111tal ............. ..... ... ........ .................................. 3,34? 3,760 4,067 4.325 4,515 5.092 16.262 18.291 20,162 22.176 23.424 25.814 Fxm ............... by Monti, I. ..... .......... 2.233 1.827 1.566 1.753 2,426 3.573 12286 11.547 9,409 12.871 15.394 19.398 hontanti .. ............ .............. ............ 25.333 30.078 33.492 36,573 38.017 41,520 220,278 227,477 266.355 300.619 347.738 387,303 111watt ....... ........... .. '. ........................ 19.802 23.810 26.710 29,173 29.623 32.224 195,689 200.548 234.000 265,304 307.229 342.123 AVIDAUrs wvctL la". lwwne!L ano othW... ................ 141 126 130 140 196 206 746 795 809 932 1,137 1,345 *-1 0 0 0 0 0 a 725 933 795 886 1.233 1.352 rawtuaw'.. . ................... *- ............. .. .....*.............. *"'*- lAxUjclwq.., ................................... 1,295 1,467 1.6158 2.056 2,345 2.430 11,746 13.067 16.560 23.667 26.925 28.884 hanume gwa .... .. ........ ........ ............................... ...... 3,070 5,411 6,313 5,627 5.339 5,757 119,295 111.099 130.932 142,786 171.028 U8.929 ..... . . ..... ............... . ............... 639 2161 3.062 2209 1.599 1,899 21,665 21.425 24,790 29.314 33.437 36,659 .. ............................................. 2.431 2.550 3.251 3,418 3,750 3.858 97.630 89,674 106.042 1,772 1,895 2,094 2.149 2."2 3.176 8.972 9.917 12,132 12.762 11812 14.431 Irartwortatm ad "k Uhhhes 113.472 137.591 152.270 Wholesale oadg@ ..... ............. .......... ........... .......... .................. 866 1.578 1,613 1.681 1,821 2.346 5,157 9.412 10,557 12.473 12.591 16.402 Rew trade . ................. ............................ ....... . . . ..... . ............. 6,678 6.660 7,371 7.871 8,116 8,580 22,540 23.601 26.189 28,794 31.845 35.429 frame. Mwanot. Nd Mai cult . .................. . .. 9M 941 1,019 1.212 1,391 1,545 7,711 10.118 11,531 13,964 15.566 16.446 sovm . I . 5.072 5,326 6,502 9,437 7,9U 8,184 18.797 21.706 24,595 29,040 33.092 37.905 Gowywierd wd poenwant a woo 5.531 6.81 6,792 7.4w 8.31 92% 24.589 HAS 32.355 35.314 40.509 15.30 Feftai. ......... . ...... . ............ . 1,445 1.545 1,731 lps 1,978 2.102 2.452 2,706 3.082 2.893 3324 3.532 Federal. M&Ury ............ . ................. ........................ .135 139 148 151 160 168 590 630 657 685 749 755 State ard local ........................ . ....................... . . . ..... 3.951 4.5841 4,903 5,441 6.256 7.026 21.547 23.593 28.616 31.736 36.436 40.893 Demartm of personal incorm by place of raideme I Tow law rd ciou tors wmm by olace al Volt .......... ........... 27.566 31.905 35.058 38M6 40,443 45.093 23Z.564 239,024 775.764 313.489 363J32 406.7cl LM: Puww amuftwin lor Social mom oy wate at wwk 1.593 1,849 2.044 2.124 2218 2.562 12.682 12.812 14.405 15.727 18.456 21.540 Me Woor and proprem' - ie by place at yak..-. . ..... ......... ZS,9&3 30,057 33.01,41 36102 38225 42.531 219,U2 226,212 261.359 297,762 344.676 385.161 POL. aI , adwonent- 285 106 lag 324 706 1,017 94.991 107,870 115.126 145.016 172.623 4M.555 Net Wor and ptoneton' aby place of 1 26268 30.163 33.203 36.526 38,931 43.548 314,873 334.082 376,485 442.776 517.299 594,116 Fit& Nvtonx "terest. am rem'. 6.69 7,823 iggl 9,027 10.156 11.940 51,1`74 58.119 61.954 71.992 79.995 92,399 No, Translet OMMO ---- --- 12.038 15307 16,891 18.795 20.647 23.227 30,490 40.649 43.398 47,510 53.423 62.574 hn" nowee by place of mom. "Am 536M UPI 64JU 69JU 7&615 397.2V 43ZSSO 49IA37 UZ180 650.717 749AN Per coft owww weiimv (ftftn) 3.791- M 4AN .4SH 5= U14 Ulls, =4 us 7AN 7.M L671 Waukesha, Wkscom wampaca wi .0 1 1974' 19751 1976' 1977' 19783 19791 1974, 1975' 197P 1977- 197P 1979- Labw and proprietors' income by place of %vW By type Wale Rd $my *wwSwwqs--..._ . ....... 750.369 8U.908 926.947 1.105,3S8 1299,662 1.492239 78,185 B8.453 99.665 112.092 126.782 141.795 0tw wor. 56,423 70.652 83.075 104,817 126.269 149,891 7.655 9.093 10,970 13.127 15.D92 17.828 Flow. on munile ........ . . . . ...... ......... 95,638 107,750 115196 132,845 139,305 154.858 22.127 25.278 23.121 29,779 33.519 41.717 F&m---.-.-.- . ...... . . .................. 5.941 9.102 3.489 8,337 7.753 11.252 9.557 11.782 8,671 14.342 17.363 23.5D4 ..... . ... . .... 89,797 98.648 111.807 124,508 131,552 143.606 12.570 13.496 14,450 15,437 16.156 18,213 BY 011111"lly Fam q *Mxm . .......... . ..... 8.187 11.611 5.852 10.926 10.&S8 15,020 11.646 14.023 10.756 'T5.624 19.929 26.881 . ........ 894,248 1.001,709 1.119.466 1.332.04 1,554,578 1.781.968 96,322 108,801 123,000 138.374 155.464 174.4S9 ...................... .... 795.152 895.7D4 1,001.765 1,200.440 1,402.145 1.611.3D4 75,869 85.536 97.852 111.802 126.243 143.088 AVIDAuW Samet. loreM, 10ents. and oW ....... . ....... 2.029 3,166 3.6M 4.954 6,012 7.323 533 700 921 856 986 1.243 Mount .. ..... .... . ......... .......... .................... . .......... 4,033 3,903 3.919 3,892 4.733 5.775 299 214 493 V8 320 374 106,941 105.307 119.572 149.684 170.744 ktanutactunng 178.393 3.774 3.446 4,168 5.060 5.894 6.050 knaraW 322.759 349,038 380.209 466,569 562.576 562,411 35.116 35,035 41.041 47,879 55.103 61.518 Dtrawe goods ....................... . . . ............. 7109 75.102 98.394 110.010 129,920 150.433 6,606 9.558 10.245 11.762 13.387 14,543 lrX4WUIQR and D&C uld9jts...---.-.- 251.150 273.936 291,825 356,559 432.656 511,978 26,510 25,477 30.796 36.117 41.716 46.975 wholesale 30.040 45.704 56,032 63.750 76.123 89,414 4.197 4.721 5.581 6.552 7.681 8.931 Rew trade .............. 81,871 94,793 .105.901 130.505 146.397 174.756 3.251 5,747 6,347 7.305 8.184 9.895 ................ 9C354 107,945 119.093 135.473. 152.207 171.815 14.925 15,648 17159 Fdw-. mUMO. 94 real atall, .................... .19.392 21.3Z9 24,007 SHVXZL ............. .............. 20,530 32.059 40,690 49,133 59.533 67,495 3.045 4,256 6.301 5.991 6,734, '7133 CoAff""WK am 10"n'red m1terproM4 . ..................... . 132.695 153,789 172.859 196,490 223.920 253,902 12.722 15.769 16.851 18.439 20.012 23.237 Feftai. awo 99.096 106,005 117.701 131.6S4 152,433 170,664 20,454 23265 25.148 26,572 29.221 31.371 Federal. mmury ... .............................. . ............... 6,166 6,773 7,621 8.171 9,840 1D.456 L510 1,670 1,931 2,055 2.302 2.446 State am tu . ............................ 1,914 2.071 2.167 2.236 2,454 2.457 371 388 401 407 427 441 91.016 97,161 107.913 121.247 140,139 157,751 18.573 21.207 22.816 24.110 26.4V 28.484 Derivation Of P-1 i- by..place of resiclenca dall Mae W4 plume vs, Won by place of work .................. . ..... 902.430 1,013.320 1.125.318 1.343.020 1,565,236 1,796,998 107,968 122.824 133.756 154.998 175393 201.3.0 Lam: Fers"W ownbulcm 'Of WOW ftxwu by PlJQ of @wk 50,990 56.852 60,862 . 70.158 32.764 96.725 5,731 6,403 6.832 7,346 8.341 9.655 NO UM vd Mwe orf Niw by plate ci wk ........... 851.4,10 956.469 1.064.456 1.272.862 1,482,472 1.700.263 102.237 116.421 126.924 147.652 167.052 191.66' 'Pka. ReAdva amwirnmt ........................... -- ......... ................ 433.159 450.459 525.630 568-390 657.810 750,770 4,430 3.990 4,610 4.164 4.292 6.58; No to ov 04M of Isjoe, 1.284.599 1.406.927 1.590.086 1841.252 2.140.282 2.451;033 106,667 120.411 131,534 151.316 171.344 198.261: I 193.SU 214,334 225.9D9 258,194 285.625 328.039 24,969 27.680 29. 33.43 37,464 43.544 . . . . . ............... 101,800 131,909 143.031 154,711 173.669 2D4.172 31.887 38.605 40, 047 1.040 FA.727 ft W40- by vim of reswofte ......... ...... . ..... 1.5114203 1.751170 13551,026 2Z4.157 2.5".576 ZUU44 1631=1 IVIA96 704 43.368 41 201285 r" 58 256 *a' 296.SM rw emu owl-w -w" (dou(s) .. ............................... . ........ 6.M 601 7XIS 9.193 10.1333 4.08 4.5" 4j" 5.413 L056 6.858 LOCAL AREA PERSONAL INCOME WISCONSIN Table 5.-Personal Income for States and Counties of the Great Lakes Region, 1974-79--Untinued pousanits Of tiollm) Waushara, Wisconsin Winnebago, Wisconsin 1974' 1975' 1977-1 [978-1 1979- 1974- 1975- 1976- 1977'1 1918- 1979* bar and proprietorV income by place of work' By type 0, anot salary thsousernents ................. ........................... ............ 21.747 23.166 27.299 33.681 524, 742.472 1 822.5ZB 39,026 489.180 796 588,011 664.082 @:iff lam =.rrhe ..................... ................................ .... '60 1.816 2.402 3.010 3.446 42.975 50.682 59.903 71.939 32.892 96.558 1.3231 1., ,!oal ncom, ...................................................................... 3,367 9.917 5.302 12.867 14,107 17.142 40,706 43.874 43.652 50.001 51.616 62,920 With ....... ............ ...................... _._ ............................. 5.821 6.017 1.227 8193 9.193 11.737 10.416 10.691 7.023 12.046 11,559 13.717 farlyr.... ........ . ........... .... . ......................... 3,546 3.900 4.075 4,574 4,914 5,405 30.290 33,183 36.629 37.955 40.057 44.203 By indent ..... ------------- ........... .... ... 8,422 8,796 3.814 11.133 12,399 15.934 12.048 12.4" 8.664 13.942 13.573 21.349 . ....... .... . .....I........ 22,142 24,423 Z6,470 31.434 38.399 42.680 560.813 606.908 682.902 772.190 863,407 960.657 .............. ............................................. . ................ .......... 16.959 18.726 20.580 25.143 31.304 34,899 495,252 523.320 593,004 671.971 749.745 935.503 SAIrcurtural sehyll forestry. fisher". ind other-. ................ . (0) (D) (0) (D) 2,368 2.594 1.008 (0) (0) 1.276 1,416 L.629 Kning ................................... . ................................................... (0) (D) (D) (0) (0) (0) 2.3118 (0) (D) 2.605 2.994 3,494 .. .. ............***-1,171 1,112 1,111 1*1,1 1) (11 14*371 11,111 31,341 39,411 11,161 11*793 Manulmuring ............ ........................... . .................................. 3.333 3.393 3.530 4,533 5,274 5.762 285.226 299.207 336.407 384.276 444.158 498.239 "Onaulanke goods ............................................ . .................._845 1.484 1.632 1.865 2.106 2.114 160.535 172.351 196.848 225.907 258.374 283.069 Dutatlie goods .................................... ................................... 2.488 1.399 1.898 2,669 3,168 3.648 124,691 126.856 139.559 .158.369 185.794 210.170 'fanstionatilm and Outgo: utintes .................................. ........... 1.631 1,869 2.090 Z,420 3,033 3.239 21.224 20.418 29,894 39.895 37.242 A623 Whoiesalle iraile -- ..... ......................................................... 1.056 1,892 1.949 2.459 3.747 4.696 19.949 21.744 23.612 25.600 27,946 32.474 3etaa !!3ol .... ..................................... ...................... k605 4.866 5.368 5,929 6.802 7.696 50.597 55.672 59.350 64.784 69.839 71,605 r1la e. InStil 3m real estate .......... .................. .............. 1.019 658 804 1.913 2.104 2.5 19.649 22.310 24.406 27,077 29.631 .er,7 ces ........... ....... 3,625 4.116 4,467 4.917 5,635 5.747 62.956 76,258 SO.145 89.714 99.511 112.015 @zvernrneni and governnient entertlinsis . . ............... 5.193 5,702 5,890 5.291 7.095 7.781 75,561 83.588 89.898 100.209 113,662 125.1$4 Federal. civilian ........... . . . ........ . ...................... ....... .6T7 734 313 822 948 1.007 5.850 5.905 6.735 8.108 a.866 9.422 Federal. military ........... . ............... 123-131 136 138. 144 1" L354 1.392 1.44& 1.451 1.525 1.60& Stale and local ................. . .. ...................................... 4.393 4.937 4,941 5.331 6,003 6.6m 6SM7 76.4ot 81.717 90.650 IM271 114.124: Derivation of personal income by place of residence r x1a Dr=rilliors r,.ccrne ov Diace at work .................... 30.564 33.224 30,284 42,567 50.798 @8.614 ;72.861 619.352 591.566 786.OZZ 876.980 H2.006 P@rsonai =nrutloris fly smaj @nsurance Dy Djace of work 1.436 1.567 '49 1.210 2.607 31.545 33.971 36691 40358 45.810 53.5;o ,3DOT 3rd OfOlirletOl nithishe oy place of wowk ............... ........... 29.123 'j 1@6 5381 654i75 745' 928.4;6 31.657 28 29 40 IS 8.539 55.007 541,316 85. .664 831.1701 R-e`s,,cence miustrinern .. .. . .............................................. .......... 11.260111.545 3,066 14,947 16.971 19.155 -27.323 -29. -49.453 -53.109 -53.256 3na Drool iccrne thr Pace of residence .......... 55.665 65.509 75.162 513.993 555. 697.211 773.061 815.200 43.202 41.695 I 'g @s Merest. 3Aa tent . ......... ................................... @1:792 10.737111.274 13.004114.616 17,015 95.229 103,702 107 528 121.443 !35.482 1'6.148 Tr3risier cayments... . ... ............................ ............................... 11,845 15 174 6073 17.471 19.577 22.458 76.051 2.867 .489 ft 1 9 101* 109.333 119.901 136.081 0 sww irrol by place of residence ................I............ 62.025 fii][13 69:042 Ki 99.702 114,U5 6952n 752.459 8511 927,997 1.011 1.167,429 Per Capital permal w"" (damn) ............................................. 4213 56173 5XI L627 5.262 S. rn 6293 7.0211 7.8n U15 Wood, Willicorain Shawano (Incl. Mersominkike), Wisconsin 97r' 19792 1976- 19771 1974' 19751 197b, 19771 1974, 1975' i97V @979- Labor and proprietors' income by place of work, "type Ze ala salary alsoulsefll . . -, -.......... ................. 254,341 268.910 308.180 346.084 388.772 422.495 52-699 58.197 64.694 13.305 32.609 93.714 !.Iczme ....... .... .. ...... . . . .... .. ........... .. ............. 20.154 23.55312a.834 34.603 39.676 44.851 3.472 4,089 -aso 3.777 S.659 7.873 .. . .. .... ........................ ... ........ 24.335 25.096 24.909 27.807 31.974 36.823 25.9420 27.259 19.933 32.309 41.102 51.186 . ... .. ..... .............. ...... . .......... ............. .............. ....4 5 6 21 -0 6.8 0 16.261 4392 6,927 10.008 12.236 . 67 18.829 1.396 29.035 37.6- Nonfarm, .. ...... .......... ......... .... ............ .......... 17.495 8135 20.117 20.880 21,966 24.587 9.453 10.299 ii.104 11.413 12.056 13.546 By ndut" I irm .... ... ...... ....................................... ............. 9.360 8,961 7.350 9.729 13.154 !9, 16.285 18.079 27 .3.7"S1 11.547 11.049 '@@nlarrn .. .........I............ .'89,470 3 398.765 447.218 487 884 308.598 354.57 63.512 10,318 i 83.166 @8.7:3 111.725 2r".te 20 17 , , -. ............... ....................... .... .... .. ............... 2.16.379171.20 3 4,6 0359.469 406.529 4-16,525 ;6, 64 64.585' 12.31 Tj 80.376 ';r,cuituall sevoirs. !Orestry. fisheries. ana other, 504 570 827 940 (0) 51.606 1 91-12 511 @11 j@@84 124 3.7621 4.0 1 0517 Mmml; ..... ...... ......... .......... ........... 100 kL) it. ILI (L) 61 222 30 1 2 :4nstrucl:On ............... I ..........I.............. 16.407 152.804 15, 53) 4 2031 4.783 i.083I ISO 1 9,6 Z1.355 24, 5 2' .1 7 Van-itatmoi . . . .... ..... ............ ......................... .......31 2 127.929 .934 61.581 .34.08849 07.163 M.557 ',4.236 14.287 17.124 19.9621 2. ';SnKJ'jFaZ:e ?ODM .. ...... ..... ........................... ..._ 3 . 367 Z49 2 91.120 99.378 16.362 133.890 149.366 160.968 6.9 .8E8 Q.1--1 @398 io 8!8 Dwr3cle ;@M. ..... ......... ............... ................. ..... 4 '7 7 5' 7.3 3.2.6 .0. 36.809 36.556 45.319 '0." nIsoortation and otiout: utilities @.. ........................................... 13.816 16.176 18 97 2164256 27.641 2.115 Z.@ 2.S651 D)i 3.566 Rellill 1133e ... . .......... .................... i @.111I NN es3je trade .. .. . .................. . ........._..................... ..... 13,088 15.455 16@8441 19@479 22.904 26,378 3,418 5.5515, 1.21519 72581 3,- Z; ...................... 32,251 32,261 36,711 40.455 46.337 52.721 14,302 :4,914 16 699 !8'.1921 19,488 22, 14, F@lante. nswara. 3nil real estate . ........................... ............. 5.088 5.619 6.64179,385 11.225 4.181 0 ^14 3.461 4 :05 Services., ,............... 945 ............... .............................. 4.7-196 52.350 57.650 55.326 73.561 32.550 8.605 3.9011 3.35i 14.736 3nia quvernment eirterronses" ............................ .33.091 37.398 39.903 39,2'96 40.60 4i,358 11.966 13.354 15@8 8.j47 `lOA98 C!Y,;,an , , i 52 1 . ., 481 '.U4 1 .............. ....... ..... .... .......... ............ 2.636 3.022 3.212 3.637 3.864 1,333 !,;24 67 j!5 -,.Mlary .179 590 618 645 653 693 709 306 321 235 Stale 3nit local ..... ................ .. ... .... .......... 30.020 34J.14 36.236 35.431 36.359 36,785 A.217 1 1,;Og1 12.039i @1,33 1;.810 do of personal income by place of residence W OrOWWO" InCOOle CY Olal Of w0l 317.559 2?8'.830 361.923 4@i,494 460.372 504 169 31.591 89.5isI @9,40 :391 130.370 1. 152.,T3, tili N'Wmal C-limoutlons for mal insurance ov place or work 17.544 113.515 3 ; ;0." 19.347 21.3421 1 138 207 E.5 5 ;241 -0 '00 015 312.176 337.142 435,973 75.554 Z3@ Net '30OW 3nO XCDOet0l nccrne Dy Dace of Work a R-4en3olusment ................ ... . .... .... ........ -7.632 18@1190 33.4831-33.050- - --6.U6 1, 733 ;.916 s;; :3.;97i lam X-0 . corlelorl xonne Dv Place at milence177l.:25 -309-0931 349.102 3 4T.5781 ll, @,.V-U@os oeest@ 3nis lent, ......... .... ... ..... .. .. ... .82 7.2.61 .9.6281 ;6,545 63.178 72.S60i 'o.19a 73! P"'s N !ls@,@,r!nls. .. .. ..... .. ........... .. .'0.283i Oxe at resicleme.. -7 @2.679 .88 64.834 ;042 :3.@44 13.-89 301 336.1021 369.0641 411.400 463.2351 521.298 577.430 136228 153.6021 168.040 1 U.2081 216.5401 251.796 'If Ualu persakial moms (clodal .... ...... .. . ............ 4.987 5.403 5.962 6,61317,359 8,1041 3,665 4.225j 4.470j 4,942 1.5871 6.414 !ooirloies at end of tattles. I I I I I I I I I BIBLIOGRAPHY I I I I I I I - I I I BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Institute for Water Resources. "Traffic Forecasting Methodology and Demand Projections," National Waterways Study , Waterway Resources Support Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, April 1980. 2. Institute for Water Resources. "Estimated Operating Costs of Towboats on the Mississippi/Gulf Waterway System," January 1981. 3. R. L. Banks & Associates, Inc. Rail User Access Cost Study: A Report to Upper Mississippi River Basin Commission , July 1981. 4. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Local Area Personal Income 1974-79. U.S.G.P.O. PB82-141177, June 1981. 5. U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration. Port Economic Impact Kit , Office of Port and Intermodal Development, September 1979. 6. G. M. von Furstenberg, Editor. Capital, Efficiency and Growth, Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 7. J. G. Crew. Social Rate of Discount, Unpublished, July 1982. 8. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Waterborne Commerce of the United States - Part 3, Annual volumes for various years. 9. UNCTAD Secretariat. "UNCTAD/SHIP/185:GE-79-55289-11 10. Academy of Advanced Traffic, Inc. Tariff Guide No. 10, 1 World Trade Center, New York, January 1977. 11. U.S. Department of Transportation. "Rail Rate Models for Bulk Commodities," Report No. SS-221-Ul-74, September 1981. 12. Institute for Water Resources. Barge Line-haul Rate Study Regression Analysis, Navigation Analysis Center, December 198-1 13. Department of Commerce. Survey of Current Business, Various monthly issues. 14. U.S. Depa rtment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns, 1978, Superintendent of Documen U.S.P.O., WashingtFn--,D. C. 15. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income, Individual Income Tax Returns, various years, U.S.G.P.O., Washington D. C. 16. Louis Berger & Associates, Inc. Projection of Tow Size and M .-Lowboat Horsepower by Scenario of Future Development, East Orange, New Jersey, 1981. 17. U.S. Department of Commerce. Mid-America Ports Study, volume 19, Wisconsin, June 1979. 18. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, The National Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-1976, U.S.G.P.O., Washington D. C. 19. U.S. Department of Commerce. Census of Manufacturers, U.S.G.P.O., Washington D. C., 1981. 20. U.S. Department of Commerce. Census of Retail Trade, U.S.G.P.O., Washington D. C., 1977. 21. U.S. Department of Commerce. 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